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REGIONAL ANALYTICAL REPORT NORTHERN REGION Ghana Statistical Service June, 2013 Copyright © 2013 Ghana Statistical Service Prepared by: Samuel Nii Cudjoe Thomas Azure Christian Assem Ezekiel Nii Nortey Edited by: N.N.N. Nsowah-Nuamah Chief Editor: Nii Bentsi-Enchill ii PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENT There cannot be any meaningful developmental activity without taking into account the characteristics of the population for whom the activity is targeted. The size of the population and its spatial distribution, growth and change over time, and socio-economic characteristics are all important in development planning. The Kilimanjaro Programme of Action on Population adopted by African countries in 1984 stressed the need for population to be considered as a key factor in the formulation of development strategies and plans. A population census is the most important source of data on the population in a country. It provides information on the size, composition, growth and distribution of the population at the national and sub-national levels. Data from the 2010 Population and Housing Census (PHC) will serve as reference for equitable distribution of resources, government services and the allocation of government funds among various regions and districts for education, health and other social services. The Ghana Statistical Service (GSS) is delighted to provide data users with an analytical report on the 2010 PHC at the regional level to facilitate planning and decision-making. This follows the publication of the National Analytical Report in May, 2013 which contained information on the 2010 PHC at the national level with regional comparisons. Conclusions and recommendations from these reports are expected to serve as a basis for improving the quality of life of Ghanaians through evidence-based policy formulation, planning, monitoring and evaluation of developmental goals and intervention programs. The Regional Analytical Report for the Northern Region is one of ten regional reports aimed at making data available to planners and decision makers at the regional and district levels. In addition to presenting district profiles, the report also discusses the social and economic dimensions of demographic variables. For ease of accessibility of the census data, the regional reports and other census reports produced by the GSS will be disseminated widely in both print and electronic formats, including posting on the GSS website: www.statsghana.gov.gh. The GSS wishes to express its profound gratitude to the Government of Ghana for providing the required resources for the conduct of the 2010 PHC. We also appreciate the contribution of our Development Partners (DPs) towards the successful implementation of the Census. Special mention must be made of the European Union (EU) and the Department for International Development (DFID) for providing resources for the preparation of the report, the World Bank for managing the resources and the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) for the lead role it played in mobilizing resources from the UN System and from other DPs for the 2010 PHC. Finally, we wish to thank all households and individuals in Ghana who contributed to the success of the 2010 Population and Housing Census. Dr. Philomena Nyarko Acting Government Statistician iii TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .................................................................... III LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................... VII LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................... IX ACRONYMS ...................................................................................................................... X CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ............................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Physical Features ....................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Political and Administrative Structure........................................................................ 2 1.4 Social Structure ......................................................................................................... 3 1.5 Economy and Living Conditions ................................................................................ 5 1.6 Organisation of the Report ......................................................................................... 5 CHAPTER TWO: CENSUS METHODOLOGY ............................................................. 7 2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 7 2.2 Pre-Enumeration Activities ........................................................................................ 7 2.3 Census Enumeration ................................................................................................ 13 2.4 Post Enumeration Survey ......................................................................................... 14 2.5 Lessons Learnt and Challenges ................................................................................ 15 2.6 Summary and Recommendations ............................................................................. 16 2.7 Concepts and Definitions ......................................................................................... 17 CHAPTER THREE: POPULATION SIZE, COMPOSITION AND AGE-SEX STRUCTURE ............................................................................... 24 3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 24 3.2 Population Size and Growth .................................................................................... 24 3.3 Age-Sex Structure ................................................................................................... 27 3.4 Nationality ............................................................................................................... 31 3.5 Birthplace ................................................................................................................ 32 3.6 Ethnicity .................................................................................................................. 35 3.7 Religion ................................................................................................................... 35 CHAPTER FOUR: HOUSEHOLD SIZE, STRUCTURE ANDCOMPOSITION ........ 37 4.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 37 4.2 Household Headship ................................................................................................ 37 4.3 Household Size ........................................................................................................ 38 CHAPTER FIVE: MARITAL STATUS ......................................................................... 41 5.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 41 5.2 Marital Status by Age Group ................................................................................... 41 5.3 Marital Status by Sex ............................................................................................... 42 5.5 Marital Status by Education, Religion and Economic Activity Status ....................... 43 CHAPTER SIX: INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY ..... 45 6.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 45 6.2 Ownership of Mobile Phones by Age Group ............................................................ 45 6.3 Ownership of Mobile Phones by District and Sex .................................................... 46 6.4 Ownership of Mobile Phones by Educational Level ................................................. 46 6.5 Ownership of Mobile Phones by Locality of Residence ........................................... 47 6.6 Ownership of Mobile Phones by Economic Activity and Sex ................................... 48 6.7 Use of Internet Facility by Population 12 years and Older ........................................ 49 6.8 Population 12 Years and Older Using Internet Facilities by District and Sex ............ 49 iv 6.9 Population 12 years and Older using Internet by Level of Education and Sex ........... 50 6.10 Use of Internet by District and Locality of Residence .............................................. 51 6.11 Ownership of Desktop/Laptop Computer by Household Head ................................. 51 CHAPTER SEVEN: EDUCATION AND LITERACY .................................................. 53 7.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 53 7.2 Literacy ................................................................................................................... 53 7.3 Age-Specific Literacy Rates among Literate Heads of Household ............................ 55 7.4 School Attendance (Past and Present) ...................................................................... 56 CHAPTER EIGHT: FERTILITY, MORTALITY AND MIGRATION ....................... 58 8.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................