Pueblo Largo (La183)

PUEBLO LARGO (LA183) Including the Excavations of Bertha Dutton; 1951-1956, and unpublished manuscripts from David M. Brugge, Lyndon L. Hargrave, Richard Honea, Thomas W. Mathews, and Erik K. Reed. By Gordon P. Wilson, Leslie Goodwill Cohen, Carole Gardner with G. Stuart Patterson, database manager Maxwell Museum Technical Series No. 23 University of New Mexico Aerial Photograph of Pueblo Largo (LA183), John Roney, June 1994 PUEBLO LARGO (LA183) Including the Excavations of Bertha Dutton; 1951-1956, and unpublished manuscripts from David M. Brugge, Lyndon L. Hargrave, Richard Honea, Thomas W. Mathews, and Erik K. Reed. By Gordon P. Wilson, Leslie Goodwill Cohen, Carole Gardner with G. Stuart Patterson, database manager Maxwell Museum Technical Series No. 23 Copyright 2015 Maxwell Museum of Anthropology MSC01, 1050, 1 University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001 www.unm.edu/~maxwell TABLE OF CONTENTS Page List of Figures iv List of Tables v Acknowledgements vii Introduction and Research Objectives 1 Research Methodology 3 Previous work 4 The Galisteo Basin: Location 9 Galisteo Basin Ceramics 11 A Walking Tour of Pueblo Largo with Nels Nelson and Bertha Dutton 15 Ceramics of Pueblo Largo 18 Tree-Ring Dates from Pueblo Largo 29 Roomblock I, Nelson’s Rooms 1 and 2, Dutton’s Room I-3 36 Roomblock II, Nelson’s Rooms II-1 and II-2 39 Roomblock III, Nelson’s Rooms 1 and 2 40 Roomblock IV, Nelson’s Rooms 1, 2, 3, and 4, Dutton’s Rooms IV-e-3 and IV-f-2, and an unidentified area north of Nelson’s 41 Midden B (Trench B) 46 Plaza V Site Map and Introduction to Plaza V Associated Roomblocks 48 South Roomblock Plaza V, Eastern section 52 South Roomblock Plaza V, Southwestern section 62 West Roomblock Plaza V 70 North Roomblock Plaza V 76 Plaza V Roomblocks: Conclusions 86 Keeping the World in Balance: Largo’s Kivas and World Quarter Shrine 89 Was Pueblo Largo Burned? 94 Pueblo Largo Summary and Conclusions 95 References Cited 100 Appendix Previously Unpublished Reports on Pueblo Largo requested by Bertha Dutton: A. Maize of Pueblo Largo; David Brugge, undated, ca. 1957 108 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS, Appendix continued B. The Identification of Bird Bone Artifacts from Pueblo Largo (LA 183) New Mexico; Lyndon L. Hargrave; 1961 111 C. Flaked Stone Artifacts; Pueblo Largo LA183 and Las Madres LA25; Kenneth Honea, undated, ca. 1957 115 D. Faunal Identification of Bone Artifacts: Mammals; Pueblo Largo (LA-183) New Mexico; Thomas W. Mathews, Southwest Archaeological Center, N.P.S., Gila Pueblo, Globe, Arizona. undated, ca. 1957 134 E. The 14th Century Populations of the Galisteo Basin: Skeletal Remains and Burial Methods; Erik K. Reed ca.1956-1957 141 Additional Reference Material: F. Tables for Pueblo Largo ceramic collections of H.P. Mera and B. Dutton 148 G. Table of All Tree-ring samples from Pueblo Largo 149 H. Partial vessel ceramic collection from Pueblo Largo at MIAC 161 FIGURES Figure # Page 1 Girl Scouts in truck at the Laboratory of Anthropology, ca. 1950s 2 2 Galisteo Basin Watershed and Drainage Map 10 3 Pueblo Largo Map adapted from Nels Nelson 1914 and Dutton 1980 15 4 Drawing by Alice Wesche; A conceptual view of Roomblock IV 16 5 Photograph of the high point of Roomblock V in relationship to Escavada wash 17 6 Biscuit B Bowl, from Plaza V north area reconstructed 18 7 Chart showing proportions of Plaza V area ceramics 20 8 Chart showing proportions of Roomblock IV and Midden B ceramics 21 9 Chart showing proportions of glazeware types from Roomblock IV 22 10 Chart showing proportions of datable ceramics from Midden B and Plaza V 22 11 Chart showing proportions of datable ceramics from Kiva A area 23 12 Chart showing proportions of glazeware types from Plaza A 23 13 A Sampling of Images of Ceramics of Pueblo Largo 28 14 Chart showing Tree Ring Time series 29 15 Map of Plaza V excavated rooms with associated tree ring dates 30 16 Tree Ring Distribution; Roomblocks I, IV, V and Kiva A 32 17 Map of Roomblocks I, II, and III surrounding Kiva A 36 18 Photo of Dutton’s Room I-3 37 iv FIGURES, continued 19 Map of Roomblock IV 41 20 Photo of Dutton’s Room IV-e-3 43 21 Photo believed to be Dutton’s Room IV-e-3 from 1956 44 22 Photo of Dutton’s Room IV-f-2 45 23 Photo of Midden B during excavation in 1954 46 24 Comparison of Proportions of Datable Ceramics; Midden B and Plaza V area 47 25 Photo of Midden B trench location in relatonship to Kiva B 47 26 Photo of Girl Scouts excavating Trench B in 1954 47 27 Nels Nelson Map of Pueblo Largo 1914 48 28 Conceptual Drawing of Plaza V Roomblock ca. 1956 by Alice Wesche 48 29 Aerial photograph of Plaza V in 1956 49 30 Transparent site map overlay of Google Earth image of Plaza V 50 31 Site map of Plaza V with associated roomblocks 50 32 Photo of Plaza V roomblock on the escarpent rim 51 33 Map of Plaza V South Roomblock, Eastern section 52 34 Photo of Plaza V South Roomblock during excavation in 1956 52 35 Photo from V-8 into Room V-5 during excavation in 1955 53 36 Photo of Room V-5 showing opening in southeast wall in 1956 54 37 Photo of Room V-16 and Room V-11 in 2008 54 38 Photo of Room V-16 showing flagstone floor ca. 1956 56 39 Photo of Rooms V-5, V-20, Kiva XX in 1956 57 40 Photo of Room V-21 at rear of Kiva XX in 2008 58 41 Photo of Kiva XX with Bertha Dutton examining flagstone pieces 59 42 Photo of flue in corner of Kiva XX, from Dutton article 1980 60 43 Map of Plaza V South Roomblock, Southwestern section 62 44 Photo of Room V-14 and V-17 in 2008 63 45 Photo of Room V-13, V-15, V-19, V-25 in 2008 showing wall alignments 65 46 Photo of Room V-13 during excavation in 1956 65 47 Chart of date ranges of ceramic types in Room V-13 66 48 Map of Plaza V, West Roomblock 70 49 Photo of Room V-12 view from the higher elevation of V-4 in 1956 71 50 Photo of Room V-18 being excavated by Girls Scouts in 1956 74 51 Map of Plaza V, North Roomblock, in relationship to South Roomblock 76 52 Photo of North Roomblock, view from V-8 looking north in 1956 77 53 Photo of Room V-6 in 1953 78 54 Photo of the view from Plaza V looking toward the V-8 passageway in 1956 79 55 Photo of the “Tower” feature on the escarpment of Plaza V North roomblock 83 56 Conceptual drawing of Plaza V roomblocks, ca. 1956 by Alice Wesche 84 57 Map of Plaza V with associated tree ring dates showing construction phases 87 58 Photo of Kiva A during excavation in 1954 89 59 Photo of Kiva A ventilator shaft in 1954 90 60 Photo of Kiva A hearth and ventilator shaft, Dutton article 1979 91 61 Photo of Kiva B and Midden B Trench during excavation in 1954 92 62 Drawing of Kiva B plan view adapted from Girl Scout drawing 92 v FIGURES, continued 63 Photo of World Quarter Shrine in 2008 93 64 Photo of World Quarter Shrine by Nelson in 1914 93 65 Photo of Room IV-2, “Dutton’s Burned Room” 94 66 Photo of a Girl Scout in a wheelbarrow; one of “Dutton’s Dirty Diggers” 1955 98 TABLES Table # Page 1 Comparison of Pecos Classification and Wendorf/Reed Sequence 11 2 Datable Ceramics with Counts, Weights, and Time Period 19 3 Datable Ceramic in Plaza V Roomblocks; Percentages, counts, weights 20 4 Datable Ceramics in Roomblock IV; Percentages, counts, weights 21 5 Datable Ceramics in Plaza A and Kiva A area; Percentables, counts, weights 23 6 All Ceramic Types from Pueblo Largo, counts and weights 24 7 Comparison of Glazeware Ceramics versus Black-on-white by Structure 25 8 Pueblo Largo compared with other tree ring dated sites in the area 33 9 Pueblo Largo cutting and near-cutting dates used in report 33 F-1 H.P. Mera Ceramic Surface collection 148 F-2 B. Dutton Ceramic collection, no provenience 148 G-1 All Tree Rings of Pueblo Largo 149 H-1 List of partial ceramic vessels from Pueblo Largo in the MIAC collection 161 vi A NOTE FROM THE SERIES EDITOR Ordinarily the Maxwell Museum Technical Series does not include reports that I have not edited and reformatted. In this case the authors have done such a careful job of preparing the report that the museum will publish the report as submitted. Archaeologists have waited a long time to learn about the work described in this report; why make them wait any longer? David A. Phillips, Jr. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors are indebted to the Museum of Indian Arts and Culture / Laboratory of Anthropology (MIAC/ LOA) for providing access to the ceramic collections and archival material from Dr. Bertha Dutton’s 1951-1956 excavations of Pueblo Largo (LA 183) in the Galisteo Basin of New Mexico. In addition, we wish to credit the cooperation of the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research (LTRR) at the University of Arizona in providing access to the analysis of tree rings from Pueblo Largo. We wish to acknowledge the following individuals: At the Laboratory of Anthropology; Dody Fugate, Cordelia Snow, Julia Clifton, Allison Colborne, David McNeese, Tony Thibodeau, Lisa Mendoza, Valerie Verzuh, Diane Bird, and Chris Turnbow, former Deputy Director.

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