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TOUR REPORT Southwestern Amazonia 2017 Final
For the first time on a Birdquest tour, the Holy Grail from the Brazilian Amazon, Rondonia Bushbird – male (Eduardo Patrial) BRAZIL’S SOUTHWESTERN AMAZONIA 7 / 11 - 24 JUNE 2017 LEADER: EDUARDO PATRIAL What an impressive and rewarding tour it was this inaugural Brazil’s Southwestern Amazonia. Sixteen days of fine Amazonian birding, exploring some of the most fascinating forests and campina habitats in three different Brazilian states: Rondonia, Amazonas and Acre. We recorded over five hundred species (536) with the exquisite taste of specialties from the Rondonia and Inambari endemism centres, respectively east bank and west bank of Rio Madeira. At least eight Birdquest lifer birds were acquired on this tour: the rare Rondonia Bushbird; Brazilian endemics White-breasted Antbird, Manicore Warbling Antbird, Aripuana Antwren and Chico’s Tyrannulet; also Buff-cheeked Tody-Flycatcher, Acre Tody-Tyrant and the amazing Rufous Twistwing. Our itinerary definitely put together one of the finest selections of Amazonian avifauna, though for a next trip there are probably few adjustments to be done. The pre-tour extension campsite brings you to very basic camping conditions, with company of some mosquitoes and relentless heat, but certainly a remarkable site for birding, the Igarapé São João really provided an amazing experience. All other sites 1 BirdQuest Tour Report: Brazil’s Southwestern Amazonia 2017 www.birdquest-tours.com visited on main tour provided considerably easy and very good birding. From the rich east part of Rondonia, the fascinating savannas and endless forests around Humaitá in Amazonas, and finally the impressive bamboo forest at Rio Branco in Acre, this tour focused the endemics from both sides of the medium Rio Madeira. -
Onetouch 4.0 Scanned Documents
/ Chapter 2 THE FOSSIL RECORD OF BIRDS Storrs L. Olson Department of Vertebrate Zoology National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution Washington, DC. I. Introduction 80 II. Archaeopteryx 85 III. Early Cretaceous Birds 87 IV. Hesperornithiformes 89 V. Ichthyornithiformes 91 VI. Other Mesozojc Birds 92 VII. Paleognathous Birds 96 A. The Problem of the Origins of Paleognathous Birds 96 B. The Fossil Record of Paleognathous Birds 104 VIII. The "Basal" Land Bird Assemblage 107 A. Opisthocomidae 109 B. Musophagidae 109 C. Cuculidae HO D. Falconidae HI E. Sagittariidae 112 F. Accipitridae 112 G. Pandionidae 114 H. Galliformes 114 1. Family Incertae Sedis Turnicidae 119 J. Columbiformes 119 K. Psittaciforines 120 L. Family Incertae Sedis Zygodactylidae 121 IX. The "Higher" Land Bird Assemblage 122 A. Coliiformes 124 B. Coraciiformes (Including Trogonidae and Galbulae) 124 C. Strigiformes 129 D. Caprimulgiformes 132 E. Apodiformes 134 F. Family Incertae Sedis Trochilidae 135 G. Order Incertae Sedis Bucerotiformes (Including Upupae) 136 H. Piciformes 138 I. Passeriformes 139 X. The Water Bird Assemblage 141 A. Gruiformes 142 B. Family Incertae Sedis Ardeidae 165 79 Avian Biology, Vol. Vlll ISBN 0-12-249408-3 80 STORES L. OLSON C. Family Incertae Sedis Podicipedidae 168 D. Charadriiformes 169 E. Anseriformes 186 F. Ciconiiformes 188 G. Pelecaniformes 192 H. Procellariiformes 208 I. Gaviiformes 212 J. Sphenisciformes 217 XI. Conclusion 217 References 218 I. Introduction Avian paleontology has long been a poor stepsister to its mammalian counterpart, a fact that may be attributed in some measure to an insufRcien- cy of qualified workers and to the absence in birds of heterodont teeth, on which the greater proportion of the fossil record of mammals is founded. -
Brazil's Eastern Amazonia
The loud and impressive White Bellbird, one of the many highlights on the Brazil’s Eastern Amazonia 2017 tour (Eduardo Patrial) BRAZIL’S EASTERN AMAZONIA 8/16 – 26 AUGUST 2017 LEADER: EDUARDO PATRIAL This second edition of Brazil’s Eastern Amazonia was absolutely a phenomenal trip with over five hundred species recorded (514). Some adjustments happily facilitated the logistics (internal flights) a bit and we also could explore some areas around Belem this time, providing some extra good birds to our list. Our time at Amazonia National Park was good and we managed to get most of the important targets, despite the quite low bird activity noticed along the trails when we were there. Carajas National Forest on the other hand was very busy and produced an overwhelming cast of fine birds (and a Giant Armadillo!). Caxias in the end came again as good as it gets, and this time with the novelty of visiting a new site, Campo Maior, a place that reminds the lowlands from Pantanal. On this amazing tour we had the chance to enjoy the special avifauna from two important interfluvium in the Brazilian Amazon, the Madeira – Tapajos and Xingu – Tocantins; and also the specialties from a poorly covered corner in the Northeast region at Maranhão and Piauí states. Check out below the highlights from this successful adventure: Horned Screamer, Masked Duck, Chestnut- headed and Buff-browed Chachalacas, White-crested Guan, Bare-faced Curassow, King Vulture, Black-and- white and Ornate Hawk-Eagles, White and White-browed Hawks, Rufous-sided and Russet-crowned Crakes, Dark-winged Trumpeter (ssp. -
HAVE the EGGS of the ORANGE&Hyphen;BREASTED
HAVE THE EGGS OF THE ORANGE-BREASTED FALCON (FALCO DEIROLEUCUS) BEEN DESCRIBED? by DouglasA. BoyceJr.' School of Natural Resources HumboldtState University Arcata, California 95521 and Lloyd F. Kiff WesternFoundation of VertebrateZoology 1100 Glendon Avenue LosAngeles, California 90024 The only publisheddescription of Orange-breastedFalcon (Falcodeiroleucus) eggs knownto us is that of Coltart (1952),who presenteddetails on two setsof eggssaid to be of thisspecies collected for G. D. Smookerin Trinidad.One of thesesets, a clutchof 3 takenon 28 March 1937in the Aripo Savannah,is now in the collectionof the West- ernFoundation of VertebrateZoology (WFVZ cat. no. 15,728);the other,a setof 2 col- lectedon 21 April 1930 in the Coroni Marshes,is in the collectionof the Zoological Museum,University of Helsinki,Finland (ZMUF cat. no. 15,721). The authenticityof theseeggs has been questioned by ffrench(1973) because of their smallsize compared to the bodysize of the species.The 3 eggsin the WFVZ collection measure40.6 x 34.7, 41.8 x 35.6, and 39.9 x 34.6 mm, and the 2 eggsin the ZMUF set measure 43.0 x 35.0 and 42.2 x 34.7 mm. All of these measurements fall within the rangegiven for eggsof the AplomadoFalcon (Falco femoralis) by Bent (1938) and Brownand Amadon(1968) and are only slightlylarger than the extrememeasurements knownfor eggsof the muchsmaller Bat Falcon(Falco rufigularis) (Brown and Amadon op cit., Kiff unpubl.data). Eggs of severalfalcon species, including one of Smooker's Trinidadeggs, are shownin Figurei to illustratetheir comparativesizes. Heinroth(1922) first demonstratedthe fundamentalrelationship between egg weight andbody weight in birds,and this was further refined by Huxley(1923-1924). -
Syringeal Morphology and the Phylogeny of the Falconidae’
The Condor 96:127-140 Q The Cooper Ornithological Society 1994 SYRINGEAL MORPHOLOGY AND THE PHYLOGENY OF THE FALCONIDAE’ CAROLES.GRIFFITHS Departmentof Ornithology,American Museum of NaturalHistory and Departmentef Biology, City Collegeof City Universityof New York, Central Park West at 79th St., New York, NY 10024 Abstract. Variation in syringealmorphology was studied to resolve the relationshipsof representativesof all of the recognized genera of falcons, falconets, pygmy falcons, and caracarasin the family Falconidae. The phylogenyderived from thesedata establishesthree major cladeswithin the family: (1) the Polyborinae, containingDaptrius, Polyborus, Milvago and Phalcoboenus,the four genera of caracaras;(2) the Falconinae, consistingof the genus Falco, Polihierax (pygmy falcons),Spiziapteryx and Microhierax (falconets)and Herpetothe- res (Laughing Falcon); and (3) the genus Micrastur(forest falcons) comprising the third, basal clade. Two genera, Daptriusand Polihierax,are found to be polyphyletic. The phy- logeny inferred from these syringealdata do not support the current division of the family into two subfamilies. Key words: Falconidae;phylogeny; systematics; syrinx; falcons; caracaras. INTRODUCTION 1. The Polyborinae. This includes seven gen- Phylogenetic relationships form the basis for re- era: Daptrius, Milvago, Polyborus and Phalco- searchin comparative and evolutionary biology boenus(the caracaras),Micrastur (forest falcons), (Page1 and Harvey 1988, Gittleman and Luh Herpetotheres(Laughing Falcon) and Spiziapter- 1992). Patterns drawn from cladogramsprovide yx (Spot-winged Falconet). the blueprints for understanding biodiversity, 2. The Falconinae. This includes three genera: biogeography,behavior, and parasite-hostcospe- Falco, Polihierax (pygmy falcons) and Micro- ciation (Vane-Wright et al. 199 1, Mayden 1988, hierax (falconets). Page 1988, Coddington 1988) and are one of the Inclusion of the caracarasin the Polyborinae key ingredients for planning conservation strat- is not questioned (Sharpe 1874, Swann 1922, egies(Erwin 199 1, May 1990). -
A Review of the Abundance and Distribution of Striated Caracaras Phalcoboenus Australis on the Falkland Islands Micky Reeves &Am
A review of the abundance and distribution of Striated Caracaras Phalcoboenus australis on the Falkland Islands Aniket Sardana Micky Reeves & Sarah Crofts Falklands Conservation, May 2015 The authors dedicate this report to Mr. Ian Strange and Mr. Robin Woods whose earlier surveys laid much ground work. This work was funded by: Falklands Conservation is a company limited by guarantee in England & Wales #3661322 and Registered Charity #1073859. Registered as an Overseas Company in the Falkland Islands. Roy Smith “These birds, generally known among sealers by the name of “Johnny” rook, partake of the form and nature of the hawk and crow… Their claws are armed with large and strong talons, like those of an eagle; they are exceedingly bold and the most mischievous of all the feathered creation. The sailors who visit these islands, being often much vexed at their predatory tricks, have bestowed different names upon them, characteristic of their nature, as flying monkeys, flying devils….” Charles Bernard 1812‐13 “A tameness or lack of wariness is an example of the loss of defensive adaptations.... an ecological naiveté…these animals aren’t imbeciles. Evolution has merely prepared them for a life in a world that is simpler and more innocent”…. where humans are entirely outside their experience. David Quammen (Island Biography in an age of extinction) 1996 1 ABSTRACT The Falkland Islands are globally important for the Striated Caracaras (Phalcoboenus australis). They reside mainly on the outer islands of the archipelago in strong associated with seabird populations, and where human interference is relatively low. A survey of the breeding population conducted in the austral summers of 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 indicates that the current population is likely to be the highest it has been for perhaps the last 100 years. -
Mexican Eagles by Susan Heath Have You Seen a Mexican Eagle? If You Live Along the Texas Coast Chances Are You Have, Even If
Mexican Eagles By Susan Heath Have you seen a Mexican Eagle? If you live along the Texas coast chances are you have, even if you didn’t realize it. “Mexican Eagle” is a colloquial name for the Crested Caracara, which is a common bird along the coast and the south Texas brush country. They are less common in oaks and prairies area of the state, and not present at all in the west or panhandle. Their range is mostly in Mexico and Central America so we are lucky to have them here in Texas. The only other U.S. states with caracaras are Arizona and Florida. Caracaras look like hawks with a sharp bill and talons but they behave more like a vulture by feasting on carrion. In fact, they are actually a tropical falcon as their range implies. Although they are most easily seen eating roadkill with vultures, they will also take live prey. They are quite omnivorous in their diet and will wade in shallow water to catch fish, dig up turtle eggs with their strong feet, or follow farm tractors catching escaping animals. Often they fall back on following vultures to carcasses. They can’t open up a carcass by themselves though and must wait for a vulture or other raptor to do that for them. The Caracara’s body and wings are black but they are easy to recognize with a black cap and orange face set off by a white neck. Their legs are orange too and they are quite a handsome bird if you take the time to notice. -
Crested Caracara in Arizona: Background & Recent Expansion
Arizona Birds - Journal of Arizona Field Ornithologists Volume 2015 CRESTED CARACARA IN ARIZONA: BACKGROUND & RECENT EXPANSION DOUG JENNESS, 4375 E. Rollins Rd., Tucson, AZ 85739, [email protected] ABSTRACT: This paper reviews the research history on the Crested Caracara (Caracara cheriway) in Arizona and summarizes the current knowledge of caracara distribution, which shows that caracaras are expanding in the state. I show that part of this expansion is reflected by new field observations and data documenting nesting northeast of its previously known breeding territory, as well as the extent of nonbreeding caracaras to wander and socially forage in the state. The Crested Caracara (Caracara cheriway; Fig 1), a unique member of the falconidae, is found in the southern United States, parts of Mexico and Central America, northern South America, and Cuba (Ferguson-Lees and Christie 2001). In the United States it breeds in central Florida, the southwestern corner of Louisiana, southern Texas, and southern Arizona (Morrison and Dwyer 2012, Wheeler 2003). Caracaras in Louisiana, Texas, and Arizona are contiguous with breeding populations in Mexico. The Florida population is isolated and has been classified as threatened by state and federal governments since 1987 (Morrison and Dwyer 2012). In 1986, the Arizona Game and Fish Department (AZGFD) contracted Levy to conduct a “status survey” of the Crested Caracara in Arizona with funds from Section 6 of the Endangered Species Act (fide R. Glinski). This three- Figure 1: Adult Crested Caracara at Santa Cruz Flats, year study, conducted on the Tohono O’odham Nation, Pinal Co., Arizona, 29 November 2013. Photo by Muriel remains the principal source for our understanding of Neddermeyer caracara breeding behavior in Arizona. -
Visual Acuity in an Opportunistic Raptor, the Chimango Caracara (Milvago Chimango)
Physiology & Behavior 157 (2016) 125–128 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Physiology & Behavior journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/phb Brief communication Visual acuity in an opportunistic raptor, the chimango caracara (Milvago chimango) Simon Potier a,⁎, Francesco Bonadonna a, Almut Kelber b, Olivier Duriez a a CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier, EPHE, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France b Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, S-22362 Lund, Sweden HIGHLIGHTS • We estimated the visual acuity of the chimango caracara using operant conditioning experiments • Chimango caracara visual acuity ranges from 15.08 to 39.83 c/deg • Chimango caracaras have the lowest visual acuity estimated in any raptor to date • Their relatively lower visual acuity may reflect their foraging on the ground article info abstract Article history: Raptors are always considered to have an extraordinary resolving power of their eyes (high visual acuity). Nev- Received 14 September 2015 ertheless, raptors differ in their diet and foraging tactics, which could lead to large differences in visual acuity. The Received in revised form 18 January 2016 visual acuity of an opportunist bird of prey, the Chimango caracara (Mivalgo chimango) was estimated by operant Accepted 23 January 2016 conditioning. Three birds were trained to discriminate two stimuli, a positive grey uniform pattern and a negative Available online 25 January 2016 grating pattern stimulus. The visual acuity range from 15.08 to 39.83 cycles/degrees. When compared to other birds, they have a higher visual acuity than non-raptorial birds, but they have the lowest visual acuity found in Keywords: Chimango caracara bird of prey so far. -
The Raptor Chimango Caracara (Milvago Chimango) (Aves
IJP: Parasites and Wildlife 10 (2019) 310–313 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect IJP: Parasites and Wildlife journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ijppaw The raptor Chimango Caracara (Milvago chimango) (Aves: Falconiformes) - A new host for Trichomonas gallinae (protozoa: Trichomonadidae) T ∗ Mirian Pinheiro Brunia, , Joanna Vargas Zillig Echeniqueb, Carolina Caetano dos Santosa, Marcia Raquel Pegoraro de Macedoa, Paulo Mota Bandarrad, Cláudio Dias Timmc, Ana Lúcia Pereira Schilde, Jerônimo Lopes Ruase, Mauro Pereira Soarese, Nara Amélia da Rosa Fariasa a Biology Institute, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Brazil b Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil c School of Medicine Veterinary, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Brazil d Wildlife Rehabilitation Center and Wild Animals Triage Center - NURFS/CETAS, Pelotas, Brazil e Regional Veterinary Diagnosis Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Brazil ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: This work describes a specimen of Chimango Caracara (Milvago chimango - Vieillot, 1816), from southern Brazil, Raptors as a new natural host for Trichomonas gallinae (Rivolta, 1878). Caseous oral lesions were observed in a young Falcons bird, and the parasite was isolated in modified Diamond’s media. Morphology of the parasite was evaluated Trichomonosis through microscopy and subsequently, sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) of ribosomal DNA Avian diseases was performed to confirm T. gallinae identification. As far as authors are concerned, this is the first report of Milvago chimango as a natural host for T. gallinae. 1. Introduction impaired feeding and drinking, in addition to excessive salivation. -
2020 National Bird List
2020 NATIONAL BIRD LIST See General Rules, Eye Protection & other Policies on www.soinc.org as they apply to every event. Kingdom – ANIMALIA Great Blue Heron Ardea herodias ORDER: Charadriiformes Phylum – CHORDATA Snowy Egret Egretta thula Lapwings and Plovers (Charadriidae) Green Heron American Golden-Plover Subphylum – VERTEBRATA Black-crowned Night-heron Killdeer Charadrius vociferus Class - AVES Ibises and Spoonbills Oystercatchers (Haematopodidae) Family Group (Family Name) (Threskiornithidae) American Oystercatcher Common Name [Scientifc name Roseate Spoonbill Platalea ajaja Stilts and Avocets (Recurvirostridae) is in italics] Black-necked Stilt ORDER: Anseriformes ORDER: Suliformes American Avocet Recurvirostra Ducks, Geese, and Swans (Anatidae) Cormorants (Phalacrocoracidae) americana Black-bellied Whistling-duck Double-crested Cormorant Sandpipers, Phalaropes, and Allies Snow Goose Phalacrocorax auritus (Scolopacidae) Canada Goose Branta canadensis Darters (Anhingidae) Spotted Sandpiper Trumpeter Swan Anhinga Anhinga anhinga Ruddy Turnstone Wood Duck Aix sponsa Frigatebirds (Fregatidae) Dunlin Calidris alpina Mallard Anas platyrhynchos Magnifcent Frigatebird Wilson’s Snipe Northern Shoveler American Woodcock Scolopax minor Green-winged Teal ORDER: Ciconiiformes Gulls, Terns, and Skimmers (Laridae) Canvasback Deep-water Waders (Ciconiidae) Laughing Gull Hooded Merganser Wood Stork Ring-billed Gull Herring Gull Larus argentatus ORDER: Galliformes ORDER: Falconiformes Least Tern Sternula antillarum Partridges, Grouse, Turkeys, and -
<I>Milvago Chimango</I>&Rpar; Feeding on Common Lesser Toads
LETTERS j RaptorRes. 38(2):190-191 ¸ 2004 The Raptor ResearchFoundation, Inc. OBSERVATIONOF THE CHIMANGO CARACARA(A/IILVAGO CHIMANGO) FEEDING ON COMMON LESSER To•s ( BUFOFERNANDEZAE) The Chimango Caracara (Milvago chimango)is a member of Falconidae that occurs throughout southern South America: Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, Paraguay,and southern Brazil (Olrog 1995, Las AvesArgentinas, Editorial E1 Ateneo, BuenosAires, Argentina). Variousstudies have describedthe ChimangoCaracara as an opportunisticpred- ator and scavenger.Its diet has been reported to include arthropods,gastropods, worms, vertebrates, vegetables, and carrion (Barros Valenzuela 1960, Rev. Univ. 44-45:31-37, Nufiez and Yafiez 1981, Not. Mens.Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Chile 25.5-9, Nufiez et al. 1982, Bol. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Chile 39:125-130, Cabezas and Schlatter 1987, An. Mus. Hist. Nat Valparaiso18:131-141). On 5 November 2001, from a distanceof ca. 50 m, we observeda Chimango Caracarafeeding upon a dead adult common lessertoad (Bufofernandezae). We made this observationin Los Porterios(34ø53'45"S, 58ø05'02'%V), a sub- urban region of La Plata city (BuenosAires Province,Argentina), where land usesinclude cattle ranching,floricul- ture, and horticulture. At the time of our observation,the caracarawas perched on a fence post 1 m in height, which was located in a pasture. This fence post was situated 20-m south of a small, temporary pond where the common lesser toad breeds (pers. obs.) and ca. 30-m south from the caracara'snest. The nest was in a eucalyptustree (Eu- calyptussp.) located along the edge of the pond. The caracarawas pecking at the toad's belly and swallowingpieces torn from the frog's visceraand foreleg muscles.This observationconstitutes the first report of the common lesser toad in the Chimango Caracara'sdiet.