Bush Heritage News Autumn 2003
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Bush Heritage News Autumn 2003 ABN 78 053 639 115 www.bushheritage.org In this issue Success in WA Land purchase priorities Revegetation at Chereninup Photo feature Field days and lecture tour reserve holdings. Funding from the the transition from pastoral to conservation Commonwealth’s Natural Heritage Trust, management.We interviewed some great a wonderful gift from Chris and Jacqui candidates for the position of Reserve Your success in Darwin, help from Australian Geographic Manager and hopefully they will be in Society and your generous donations place by early April. Until then, the current Western Australia. made this purchase possible. caretakers, Barry and Carol Simpson, will stay on.A dedicated team of volunteers Phil Cullen, Landscape Ecologist and Stuart and I were both at the Reserve is about to begin the long and difficult Stuart Cowell, Conservation Programs for the property settlement and to begin task of cleaning up. Manager were in Western Australia to take ownership of White Wells. We hope that the official launch of the Charles Darwin Reserve will be later in The year got off to a flying start with the 2003, once the new managers have settled protection of some of the most threatened in. In the long-term, the Reserve will woodland and sandplain habitats in operate in a similar manner to Carnarvon Western Australia. On January 10 Bush Station Reserve, with a volunteer ranger Heritage we took ownership of the program and the opportunity for you to pastoral lease White Wells, now to be visit and see this outstanding area which known as the Charles Darwin Reserve. you have helped to protect. This was a red-letter day for us all - securing 68,600 ha of country with Clockwise from top left: Native bee, rocky outcrop with extremely high conservation values and pincushions at Charles Darwin Reserve, Phil Cullen enjoying the new reserve PHOTO: STUART COWELL, poverty bush eremophila at the same time doubling the size of our sp., daisies. PHOTOS: MARIE AND JIRI LOCHMAN/LOCHMAN TRANSPARENCIES 1 Setting priorities for land purchase Compiled by Sophie Underwood, Kate Fitzherbert and Stuart Cowell. As a nation we are now acutely aware of the degree of environmental damage our country has suffered, and the urgent need for a whole community effort to slow, and then reverse, this damage.The predominance of threatened species and Figure 1. Continental landscape stress in Australia by IBRA Figure 2. Number of nationally rare and threatened plant high levels of landscape stress in regions region*. Source: National Land and Water Resources Audit 2002 species in 2000 per IBRA region*. where there has been extensive removal Source: Biodiversity Theme Report: National State of the Environment Report 2001. of native vegetation is sending us strong messages about cause and effect.The single most important action needed by governments is to halt all broad-acre land clearing. Figure 3. Number of rare and threatened bird species in Figure 4. Number of nationally rare and threatened mammal Australia in 2000 per IBRA region*. Broad-scale clearance of species in 2000 per IBRA region*. woodland vegetation has had a major and ongoing affect on birds. Source: Biodiversity Theme Report: National State of the Environment Report 2001. Source: Biodiversity Theme Report: National State of the Environment Report 2001. Over 500,000 hectares of native vegetation is cleared each year. PHOTO: WAYNE LAWLER/ECOPIX But, there is so much that needs protecting. also the affects of weeds, feral animals Where do we look to get the best and disease in the Australian landscape. For Bush Heritage, the most important outcomes for biodiversity conservation? thing we can do is to continue to acquire That’s the question often asked of, and A SNAPSHOT and manage land of high conservation by, Bush Heritage staff.With so many The assessments in these reports make value.The Prime Minister’s Science, issues to consider, and so many good cases important reading. Of Australia’s 354 Engineering and Innovation Council for focussing our efforts in particular places, landscape types*, 37 are highly stressed, concluded in their 2002 report that we look to a wide range of resources to 152 are in relatively good health and 165 ‘…it is far cheaper to maintain our help balance one need against another. lie in between in the stress stakes.The natural systems than it is to allow them most stressed landscapes are concentrated inadvertently to be damaged and, A series of recent reports (listed at the end in southeastern and southwestern subsequently, to inherit a costly repair of this article) have provided valuable Australia with South Australia and bill…’ - a ringing endorsement for the information to help us identify regions Victoria featuring prominently in the Bush Heritage approach. and habitats of particular importance. highest stress category (Figure 1). They provide a comprehensive assess- Not surprisingly most threatened plants ment of landscape health, salinity, land (Figure 2) and birds (Figure 3), as well as clearance, biodiversity, surface and frogs and snakes, are concentrated in the ground water and climate change and same regions.Threatened mammals, on the other hand, continue their struggle Overgrazing is a major cause of landscape stress. to survive predominantly in the arid PHOTO: WAYNE LAWLER/ECOPIX interior (Figure 4). * To assist the assessment and analysis of the Australian environment, the continent has been classified into landscape units based on their geomorphology, soils and vegetation - a process called the Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia (IBRA). In Australia 85 IBRA landscapes or regions and 354 subregions have been defined. They are used as a framework 2 for continental-scale decision making on land management and biodiversity issues. OPTIONS FOR BUSH HERITAGE Currently, most Bush Heritage reserves lie in Australia’s more stressed environments where they protect vital remnants of native vegetation and their wildlife. The recent establishment of the Charles Darwin Reserve in Western Australia is an example of the protection of a nationally important landscape on the edge of a severely degraded environment. land values per se, can be protected is factors are the availability of the land The Queensland reserves at Goonderoo worth considering. Such regions may itself and the resources needed to purchase and Carnarvon Station and also the include areas of the Kimberley and the and manage the land effectively.This is a Tasmanian reserves at Liffey and Drys Gulf of Carpentaria.These form part long-term endeavour and one that Bush Bluff lie in areas suffering intermediate of the relatively undeveloped Timor Sea Heritage is committed to. Our search for stress.The importance of these reserves and Gulf of Carpentaria drainage systems, important areas goes on and our view as refuges for both plants and animals is which together support almost fifty per of the possibilities for land acquisition immense. Many of the reserves are also cent of Australia’s rainfall runoff.The is broadening. As the stress felt by our adjacent to existing protected areas protection of whole catchments here landscapes increases, protecting high which gives greater value to both them might be possible and would also protect quality ecosystems around Australia and the adjacent reserve. estuarine environments. becomes more urgent.With your help we will continue to buy, protect and As part of our analysis of these major manage outstanding areas throughout reports, Bush Heritage commissioned a ‘Australia’s wetlands have deteriorated the whole of Australia, and help create synthesis of their findings to help identify greatly since European settlement. an adequate reserve system for future Some 40-80% of wetlands have been priority regions or habitats for protection generations. lost through draining or changed water through land purchase.The synthesis regimes. Many are now much saltier suggests a diversity of approaches for land SELECTED REFERENCES than before European settlement, and ACF 2000. Summary of vegetation clearance in Australia, acquisition including buying properties large numbers of native aquatic species Australian Conservation Foundation, Melbourne. in low stress landscapes – a strategy that have become threatened or endangered Climate Action Network, 2002. Warnings from the Bush: The impact of climate change on the nature of Australia, may not seem obvious. One hundred (PMSEIC 2002)’ Climate Action Network, Australia. and fifty two of Australia’s landscapes are National Land and Water Resources Audit 2002. A series of reports www.nlwra.gov.au in relatively good health.They have been National State of the Environment Report 2001. A series of less attractive for agriculture and weeds Areas of tropical rainforests in northern reports www.ea.gov.au/soe/ Queensland are renowned for their Morton, S.R., Short, J., Barker, R.D., 1995. Refugia for Biological and feral animals are not yet having a Diversity in Arid and Semi-arid Australia, Biodiversity Series, great impact on biodiversity and landscape extraordinary plant and bird diversity Paper No.4, Biodiversity Unit, CSIRO, Division of Wildlife and and most have World Heritage Status and Ecology, Western Australia. health. However, continuing land clearing PMSEIC, 2002. A paper prepared as part of the report or overgrazing in these regions are major are well protected. However, areas of wet Sustaining our Natural Systems and Biodiversity for the Prime sclerophyll forest that border the tropical Minister’s Science, Engineering and Innovation Council, 2002. threats. Reserves in these landscapes Sattler, P. and Williams, R., (eds) 1999. The conservation status would protect intact, healthy ecosystems, rainforest are not as well protected, yet of Queensland’s bioregional ecosystems, Environment support rich endemic bat and ant faunas. Protection Agency, Brisbane. which while at risk, are not yet acting as Underwood, S. 2002. Strategic regions for the long term refuges. These areas could also be investigated for development of the Australian Bush Heritage Fund’s reserve potential reserves.