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Species of the Type Section of Sphagnum (Bryophyta, Sphagnaceae) in Poland

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Species of the Type Section of Sphagnum (Bryophyta, Sphagnaceae) in Poland Biodiv. Res. Conserv. 1-2: 69-76, 2006 BRC www.brc.amu.edu.pl Species of the type section of Sphagnum (Bryophyta, Sphagnaceae) in Poland Iwona Melosik Department of Genetics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614 PoznaÒ, Poland, e-mail: [email protected] Abstract: The paper presents data on the distribution and phytosociological preferences of species belonging to the genus Sphagnum, section Sphagnum, in Poland. The distribution maps were constructed on the basis of verified herbarium materials accessible in Polish and some German herbaria. All data were presented on the maps by using a cartogram technique in accordance with the ATMOS system. In Poland, S. palustre and S. magellanicum are the most common, widespread species, whereas S. centrale and S. affine are the rarest. S. centrale is found mainly in the eastern part of the country, influenced by the continental climate. Its characteristic distribution in Poland is indicative of its specific status. S. affine is more frequent in the northwestern part, in regions subjected to Atlantic climatic influences. S. papillosum is more scattered but the majority of its localities are in western Poland. So far, S. austinii has not been reported from any Polish locality. There are two regions with particularly high numbers of localities of the studied species: Pomerania (northwestern part of Poland) and the southern uplands. Key words: Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum magellanicum, Sphagnum papillosum, Sphagnum centrale, Sphagnum affine, distribution, Poland 1. Introduction was supported later by Flatberg (1994, 2002) and Thingsgaard (2001, 2002). The varieties were Within the genus Sphagnum L., one of the most distinguished on the basis of several stem leaf traits. clearly delimited sections is the section Sphagnum L. However, Andrus (1987), on the basis of specimens (syns. Cymbifolia, Palustria), which used to be fre- from eastern North America claimed that the characters quently elevated to the rank of a separate subgenus are not consistent and all possible combinations can be Inophlea Russ. In older treatments, Demaret (1941) in a found in different plants. He therefore failed to voluminous article on the subsection Cymbifolia Lindb. recognize var. flagellare. Also, no differences between in Belgium recognized Sphagnum palustre as the only var. flagellare and var. affine were detected in the species, while the other taxa were treated as its varieties. isozyme survey by Thingsgaard (2002). The taxonomy S. palustre was described as a first species in the genus proposed for the S. imbricatum complex was questioned by Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1106 in 1753. In later studies, five by Crum (1997) and Daniels & Eddy (1990). With species were distinguished: S. palustre L., S. magellani- respect to the S. imbricatum complex, the currently cum Brid., S. centrale C. Jens., S. papillosum Lindb., recognized division into two European species S. affine and S. imbricatum Hornsch ex Russ. (Sawitz-Lubitzkaja Ren. & Card. and S. austinii Sull. (Andrus 1984, 1987; 1952; Isoviita 1966; Nyholm 1969). Flatberg 2002; Thingsgaard 2001, 2002) was followed Two species are problematic from a taxonomic in this work. Microscopically S. affine was distinguished standpoint: S. centrale and S. imbricatum. Within the by comb fibrils on the innermost stem cortex layer. Also, latter species, Flatberg (1984, 1986) distinguished two Thingsgaard (2002) treated this character as the most European taxa: S. imbricatum ssp. affine (Ren. & Card.) important and consistent. Flatb., including var. flagellare (Roell) Card., and S. The distribution of taxa recognized within the S. imbricatum ssp. austinii (Sull.) Flatb., including var. imbricatum complex was given by Andrus (1987), arcticum Flatb. In North America, Andrus (1984, 1987) Flatberg (1984, 1986), Gauthier & BruguÈs (1997), and accorded these subspecies the species status. His view Thingsgaard (2002). The boreal-mountain species S. CHOROLOGY © Adam Mickiewicz University in PoznaÒ (Poland), Department of Plant Taxonomy. All rights reserved. 70 Iwona Melosik Species of the type section of Sphagnum (Bryophyta, Sphagnaceae) in Poland centrale is considered by British authors (Daniels & should be referred to the status of exploration of the Eddy 1985) as a variety S. palustre var. centrale C. investigated area. Therefore, the status of bryological Jens. A. Eddy. By contrast, bryologists from Eastern, exploration of Poland and differentiation of regions in Central and Northern Europe (Sawitz-Lubitzkaja 1952; respect of Sphagnum flora are presented in this study Melosik 1993; Flatberg 2002), treat both these taxa as on the basis of all the herbarium materials (from sections species because they differ in morphology, habitat Acutifolia, Squarrosa, Subsecunda, Rigida and Sphagnum) preferences and distribution. that have been available and verified by me so far. The remaining species (S. palustre, S. papillosum, S. magellanicum) are generally considered to be easy 2. Material and methods to distinguish in the field thanks to their distinct coloration and general appearance. Nevertheless, mis- A total of 6959 samples were verified, which in most takes are frequent. Plants of S. papillosum in which cases belonged to the following sections: Acutifolia, papillae are very weakly developed (such forms were Sphagnum, Subsecunda, Squarrosa and Rigida. Among named in the past var. sublaeve Limpr.) or completely the samples, 2459 specimens belonging to the section absent (var. leave Warnst.) are often confused with S. Sphagnum were found in 18 Polish herbaria (BSG, BIL, magellanicum or S. palustre. In turn, S. centrale grow- GDMA, UGDA, KRAM, LBL, LOD, POZM, POZG, ing in shady places in relatively base-rich habitats is POZNF, SOSN, SZUB, SZCZ, TRN, WA, WRAB, frequently mistaken for green forms of S. magellanicum WSRP, WRSL, Mirek et al. 1997) and 3 German herbaria or S. palustre, while S. affine is confused with S. (B, HAL, STU, http://sciweb.nybg.org/science2/ palustre. IndexHerbariorum.asp). Fig. 1. Status of bryological explorations of Poland based on the Fig. 2. Number of species of Sphagnum recorded in individual distribution of Sphagnum species squares of the ATMOS grid, based on herbarium collections veri- fied to date (sections: Acutifolia, Sphagnum, Subsecunda, Squarrosa and Rigida) According to the map presented by Daniels & Eddy The current status of explorations conducted in (1985), S. papillosum occurs only in the southwestern Poland, on the basis of all samples analyzed so far, part of Poland, whereas S. imbricatum s.l. is found only is presented on Fig. 1, whereas differentiation of re- in its northernmost part. On the other hand, Flatberg gions in respect to Sphagnum flora is presented on (1984) reported that two species of the S. imbricatum Fig. 2. complex (S. affine and S. austinii) are present in Poland. The materials subjected to verification were Hence the aim of this study was to analyze the collected between 1853 and 2003 by German and distribution of species from the section Sphagnum in Polish bryologists (see the legend of Fig. 1). The entire Poland on the basis of herbarium collections verified studied material was subdivided into three groups by me. However, the occurrence of particular species according to collection date. The fourth group consisted Biodiv. Res. Conserv. 1-2: 69-76, 2006 71 Table 1. Relative distribution of localities of Sphagnum palustre (pal), S. magellanicum (mag), S. centrale (cen), S. papillosum (pap), and S. affine (aff) (as percentage of all Polish localities of each species) in Polandís physiographic subprovinces (Kondracki 1988) and their characteri- zation (Woú 1999; Krawczyk & B≥aøejczyk 1999) Subpro- Altitude range Mean annual Mean January Percentage of localities of Sphagnum species vince (m) precipitation* (mm) temperature* (ºC) pal mag cen pap aff 313 0−100 527–698 -0.6 to -1.0 8.9 6.1 4.0 11.3 10.0 314 50–329 (440) 573 (794) -3.2 30.0 30.8 13.2 37.3 46.8 315 75–312 520 -1.8 to -2.2 7.4 7.2 12.2 3.95 3.3 317 18–200 700–1000** ** 0.2 – – – – 318 60–284 508–612 -1.9 to -3.4 12.0 5.5 4.0 10.2 10.0 332 >400–1603 701 -1.5 to -7.2 1.4 2.0 1.0 4.5 – 341 220–500 740 -3.0 6.0 0.8 1.0 6.8 10.0 342 180–500 649 -3.8 7.9 9.5 2.0 12.4 3.3 343 160–400 603 -3.9 2.7 2.9 4.0 – 3.3 512 200–300 678–702 -3.4 to 3.5 5.7 2.9 – 3.95 3.3 513 400–1390 1000–1300** ** 3.3 2.9 3.0 2.3 6.7 514 905–2503 700–2000 -2.0 to -11.9 0.7 3.4 2.0 2.8 3.3 521 300 600–700** ** 0.8 0.2 – – – 522 600–1220 700–800 (1150−1200)** -4.8 to -5.2 0.3 0.4 – 1.1 – 841 80–216 600–700** ** 0.1 – – – – 842 130–300 631 -5.3 4.6 10.5 22.3 2.3 – 843 164−241 550–600** -5.0 5.9 12.0 29.3 – – 845 140−210 (290) 500–600 -4.0 to -5.2 2.1 2.7 2.0 1.1 – 851 220–260 550–600** ** – 0.2 – – – * Ranges of mean values are given if data from several weather stations are available, ** Approximate data ñ insufficient weather station coverage or short recording periods of specimens with no date given. Contemporary 3. Results specimens (years 1944-2003) accounted for 75% of the analyzed material. 3.1. The current status of explorations The data on distribution of species were illustrated conducted in Poland by using the cartogram technique, employing a grid of The results of this study of the distribution of large (100 km◊100 km) and small (10 km◊10 km) Sphagnum species in Poland, summarized on Figs. 1-2 squares.
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