How to Stay Married (And Why) by Belinda Luscombe

JUNE 13, 2016

How To Stay Married (and why) By Belinda Luscombe

time.com VOL. 187, NO. 22 | 2016

4 | Conversation The View 6 | For the Record Ideas, opinion, The Brief innovations News from the U.S. and 21 | Jeffrey Kluger around the world on the death of 9 | What’s behind a Harambe the gorilla The Gospel According recent spate of digital and the fallacy of to Trump bank heists parent-shaming 10 | Mass pardons 22 | A book about the throughout the world present—as seen from the future 12 | Ian Bremmer: By Elizabeth Dias 30 Why Brexit could 25 | Behind the trigger turmoil idea of Islamic exceptionalism 14 | Some states end the tampon tax 26 | E-bikes face an uphill battle in the U.S. 14 | The cell-phone- cancer link 28 | Joe Klein on how Hillary Clinton can 15 | Will Brazil pull off beat Donald Trump at the Olympics? winning the news cycle

16 | Ethiopia’s megadam

18 | A deadly start to summer intensifes the migrant crisis

Time Of 59 | Paul Simon’s great What to watch, read, latest album see and do Trump is endorsed by Jerry Falwell Jr., president of Liberty University 60 | Movies: Popstar 53 | ESPN docu O.J.: and The Fits Made in America 61 | Quick Talk with 55 | Emma Cline’s Emilia Clarke; a review Cover Story debut novel, The Girls of Me Before You

How to Stay Hitched 56 | New music from 63 | Susanna Tegan and Sara and Schrobsdorff on Chance the Rapper learning to talk like a

college student IMAGES NEWS/GETTY SPORTING SIMPSON: SEMANSKY—AP; PATRICK TRUMP: By Belinda Luscombe 36 64 | 13 Questions for General Motors CEO Mary Barra Trailblazers for the Next Generation

42 O.J. Simpson, page 53 On the cover: Illustration by Brobel Design for TIME

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AWARDED Citing her “emotional generosity,” “deep curiosity” and “intellectual confdence,” America Media What you and Yale’s Saint Thomas More said about ... Chapel and Center have awarded BERNIE’S ENDGAME Our June 6 cover story on TIME religion Bernie Sanders was “intriguing,” wrote Ashok and politics Kulkarni of West Palm Beach, Fla. He critiqued the NOW PLAYING In this week’s issue, correspondent Vermont Senator’s “strategy of ‘If you can’t beat TIME profles extraordinary young Elizabeth Dias the 2016 George W. them, frst join them, and then beat them from people who are making a diference, Hunt, S.J., Prize within’”—and noted that in the worlds of art—like Irish actor for Excellence in he hoped it would lead to a Saoirse Ronan (above)—technology, Journalism, Arts & GOP victory in November. ‘Sanders is not activism and beyond. TIME’s video Letters. Dias, who Pancha Chandra lamented indebted to team got up close and personal co-wrote TIME’s 2013 Person of on Twitter that Sanders is Big Business. with these leaders to learn more the Year profle of “wasting everyone’s time,” He just wants about their work. See the results at Pope Francis, will but others disagreed. On to upgrade time.com/nextgenleaders formally accept Facebook, Andrew Chow the standard the $25,000 prize had a simple answer to the at a ceremony in of living for AT THE MOVIES September. headline wondering how the working TIME’s video-illustrated far the candidate would go: roundup of the “All. The. Way.” Meanwhile class.’ most anticipated Mary Anne Bowie of HERBERT PAIRITZ, summer flms Sarasota, Fla., a devoted Carlsbad, Calif. includes reboots Sanders supporter, (like Ghostbusters) and romance (like Me Before had praise for TIME’s You)—and Pixar’s only coverage of his campaign but wished his face 2016 flm, Finding Dory, rather than his back had been on the cover. which arrives 13 years post-Nemo. Find The image of Sanders speaking at a rally was, the whole list at time.com/summer2016 she wrote,“unfattering.” FINDING DORY: DISNEY/PIXAR; JFK: ED CLARK—THE LIFE IMAGES COLLECTION/GETTY IMAGES; DIAS: STEPHEN VOSS STEPHEN DIAS: IMAGES; COLLECTION/GETTY IMAGES LIFE CLARK—THE ED JFK: DISNEY/PIXAR; DORY: FINDING

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‘He actually

performed a GIOVANNA DI BENEDETTO, a spokeswoman for Save the Children in Sicily, after more than 700 migrants trying to reach Europe public service drowned in the Mediterranean Sea in the span of three days The ‘Four by raising X-Files Revival may women return to Fox for the 2017–18 doing any the debate.’ season, execs say movie on ERIC HOLDER, former U.S. Attorney General, referring to fugitive leaker Edward Snowden’s earth will disclosure of secret documents about American surveillance programs; Holder added destroy that Snowden should still be punished for breaking the law your childhood?’ GOOD WEEK BAD WEEK MELISSA MCCARTHY, actor, responding to online critics who object to the female-led cast $22,000 ‘THEIR SOULS of the upcoming Ghostbusters reboot, in which she stars TIME FOR DESIGN BIRD BROWN BY ILLUSTRATIONS FOX; X-FILES: THE FOX; CENTURY 20TH X-MEN: REDUX; OBAMA: IMAGES; GETTY MCCARTHY: HOLDER, Estimated monthly SPEAK TO US.’ rent for the nine- bedroom house the PRESIDENT OBAMA, on a historic visit to Obama family will Hiroshima on May 27, remembering the X-Men: move into after leaving 140,000 killed when the U.S. dropped an Apocalypse the White House, in atomic bomb on the city during World War II; Topped the box the posh Kalorama Obama called for an end to nuclear weapons offce but fell neighborhood of short of earlier Washington, D.C. installments amid bad reviews

Percentage of dead or dying coral in a portion of the Great Barrier Reef 35% off Australia, according to a survey 4,100 Length in miles of an undersea cable ‘The President that U.S. citizens must vote for is Microsoft and Facebook are planning to build, not that dull Hillary ... but Trump, who spoke of connecting Virginia to Spain holding direct conversation with North Korea.’

HAN YONG MOOK, who described himself as a Chinese North Korean scholar, in an editorial published by North Korean state media outlet DPRK Today, supporting Donald Trump over Hillary Clinton for U.S. President

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Congress will investigate the Federal Reserve’s role in a February heist of Bangladeshi bank deposits

CRIME IT FEELS LIKE MAGIC: A FEW STROKES But the reliability of this system on a smartphone and your life savings is now in doubt. In February, hackers A new appears on a glass screen, a collection infltrated Bangladesh’s central bank of pixels in your palm. A few more and fred of three dozen forged SWIFT generation of clicks and the balance ticks up or down messages to other banks, requesting bank robbers as funds appear or are whisked away the transfer of roughly $1 billion to to pay a bill or send money overseas, accounts in Asia. While a misspelling in infltrates the result of an unseen digital dialogue some of the messages raised a red fag between your bank and another, in time to stop most of the transfers, global fnance sometimes thousands of miles away. the criminals succeeded in tricking the By Haley Sweetland This instant ebb and fow is made Federal Reserve Bank of New York into Edwards possible in part by a vast and powerful sending a Philippine bank $81 million, consortium called SWIFT, the Society much of which later vanished into for Worldwide Interbank Financial the country’s casinos. On June 1, the Telecommunication, which facilitates U.S. House Science Committee began the exchange of tens of millions of looking into the heist. messages a day between thousands of It was one of the biggest bank fnancial institutions. It’s the linchpin robberies in history, but the amount of the international banking industry, of money was not the real worry— the invisible causeway on which global $81 million is a tiny fraction of commerce hums. the billions moved in response to REUTERS PHOTOGRAPH BY BRENDAN MCDERMID 9 TheBrief

SWIFT messages every day. What shook the ROUNDUP banking community was the breach of trust. If Free-for-alls the legitimacy of SWIFT messages is in doubt, TRENDING Zimbabwe pardoned at least 2,000 prisoners then the entire industry—from personal money on May 23 in order to create more room in its transfers to settling securities and derivatives congested national prison system. Here are transactions on a commercial scale—could grind recent mass pardons that have taken place, to a halt. “This is a big deal,” said SWIFT CEO and why the prisoners were let go. —Julia Zorthian Gottfried Leibbrandt at a fnancial-services conference in Brussels in late May. “There will BURMA be a before and an after Bangladesh.” President Thein Sein pardoned POLITICS The Bangladesh fraud was not an isolated 6,966 people in July 2015 to The Libertarian incident. Investigators are now aware of two more free prisoners of conscience and Party picked former others who had been purged by commercial banks, in Ecuador and Vietnam, that governor of New the country’s military regime. were hacked in a similar way. The Ecuadorean Mexico Gary Johnson bank lost at least $9 million in the heist, while the to be its 2016 Vietnamese bank identifed the fraudulent SWIFT nominee for President. SOUTH KOREA In 2012, Johnson messages before acting on them. In May, researchers Marking the 70th anniversary became the party’s of the end of World War II, at the cybersecurity frm Symantec linked the most successful President Park Geun-hye attack on the Bangladesh bank to the hack on Sony presidential candidate pardoned 6,527 people in in 2014, for which the FBI has blamed North Korea. ever, receiving 1% of August 2015, including a Researchers say as many as half a dozen other banks the popular vote. handful of high-profle business may be infected with similar malware. tycoons, to boost the economy and buoy national spirits. SWIFT, which is based outside Brussels, has scrambled to restore trust in its system by launching a new security program and begging its members CUBA to be more forthcoming about new breaches. In The Council of State (led by January 2015, after hackers frst infltrated the President Raúl Castro) pardoned HEALTH Ecuadorean bank’s messaging system, the bank 3,522 prisoners before Pope A Pennsylvania woman Francis’ visit last September, did not report the incident, a SWIFT spokesperson was the ﬁrst American indicating improved relations noted, denying bankers in Bangladesh and Vietnam to be infected with a with the Catholic Church. information that might have helped them detect “superbug,” a bacteria and prevent subsequent attacks. SWIFT also strain resistant to a announced other security improvements, including last-resort antibiotic. ZIMBABWE Although she recovered President Robert Mugabe new tools to remotely monitor messages and detect after taking a different pardoned roughly 2,000 anomalies in the network, and an up-to-date two- drug, a top health people—including all juvenile step verifcation system. offcial said it’s “likely” and most female prisoners— Meanwhile, a host of industry insiders, in- more superbugs will be reportedly because the country cluding cyber experts at some of the biggest U.S. found but that public couldn’t feed the growing risk is minimal. number of inmates. banks, have recently backed eforts to build a new system of global fnancial communication that employs what’s known as blockchain technology, which is also used to transfer the digital currency DIGITS Bitcoin. Under such a system, trust is established not through a centralized routing authority, like SWIFT, but through direct relationships, mass collaboration and code. “It’s defnitely a promising 11 technology,” said former Federal Deposit Insurance BUSINESS Corporation chair Sheila Bair, who also works with Average compensation Number of people, one company on the technology. among 200 of the including eight children, who were Liam O’Murchu, a researcher at Symantec, hopes highest-paid CEOs fell 15% in 2015 to struck by lightning that the recent SWIFT hacks will prompt a sea $19.3 million, down in a Paris park on change in the fnancial industry. Now that hackers from $22.6 million in May 28 during a have demonstrated that they can exploit the SWIFT 2014, according to child’s birthday party system, he said, banks should brace themselves an analysis of U.S. while sheltering under a tree in Parc for attacks on other parts of their digital networks, companies with over $1 billion in revenue Monceau; several like those that manage stock prices. “It’s a constant that fled proxy sustained life- battle to keep up with these guys,” he said, “to statements by the threatening injuries. anticipate where they’re going to go next.” □ end of April.

10 TIME June 13, 2016 DATA

LIVING IN BONDAGE

The 2016 Global Slavery Index estimates that 45.8 million people are enslaved through forced labor, debt bondage or human traffcking. Here are the estimated totals for six countries:

Djibouti 4,600

ANIMAL ABUSE A sedated tiger is carried out on a stretcher at Wat Pha Luang Ta Bua, a Buddhist site commonly known Oman as the Tiger Temple, in western Thailand, on June 1. Wildlife authorities raided the temple, where some 137 tigers were 13,200 kept, amid accusations that monks were illegally breeding and traffcking in endangered species. The bodies of 40 dead tiger cubs were later found on the premises. Photograph by Dario Pignatelli—Getty Images

SPOTLIGHT called Popular Mobilization Units. Backed by Iran, Italy 129,600 Iraq faces major challenges the dominant Shi‘ite power in the Middle East, the in the fght for Fallujah militias arose in 2014 in response to the collapse of the Iraqi national army in the face of ISIS. Critics The Iraqi military and its allied militias are engaged worry that sending the Shi‘ite militias into Sunni- in intense fghting on the edges of Fallujah in an majority Fallujah is a recipe for sectarian violence, efort to reclaim the city from ISIS militants. The even if ISIS is defeated. Mexico ofensive is a critical test for Iraq’s disparate armed 376,800 forces in the broader war against ISIS, which seized POLITICAL FALLOUT Should pro-government forces a large portion of Iraq in 2014. expel ISIS from Fallujah, they will face the difcult task of earning the trust of members of Iraq’s COLLATERAL DAMAGE An estimated 50,000 Sunni Muslim minority, who have been skeptical civilians remain trapped in Fallujah, roughly of the central government in Baghdad in the years 40 miles west of Baghdad. ISIS is losing since the U.S. removed Saddam Hussein from Russia territory in both Iraq and Syria, and the power in 2003. Sunnis lost the relative 1,048,500 militants may attempt to impose a dominance that they had enjoyed high human cost for any military under Saddam, himself a Sunni, victory by pro-government troops. and subsequent Shi‘ite-led Iraqi Iraqi forces cut the supply lines into governments have failed to bring Fallujah in February, placing the city under Sunnis back into the political siege and forcing thousands of trapped process. Sunni alienation is one civilians to go hungry. of the conditions that enabled India ISIS—a Sunni-led group—to 18,354,700 SECTARIAN CONFLICT The Iraqi military is take control of Fallujah in the

POLITICS, BUSINESS, DIGITS, ROUNDUP: GETTY IMAGES (7); HEALTH: WALTER REED ARMY INSTITUTE OF RESEARCH; IRAQ: REUTERS fghting alongside Shi‘ite-majority militias frst place.—JARED MALSIN 11 TheBrief

THE RISK REPORT presented by A decision to exit the E.U. could leave Britain’s economy paralyzed by uncertainty By Ian Bremmer

AFTER YEARS OF WAITING, JUDGMENT DAY FOR BRITAIN and the E.U. is almost here. On June 23, voters in the United Kingdom will decide whether their country should remain a member of the E.U. The outcome remains very much in doubt, but we can say with confdence that a vote in favor of “Brexit” would create lasting uncertainty and considerable market turmoil. The volatility could last for years. The “Leave” side could beneft from a higher voter turnout Current polling suggests a tight fnish. The “Remain” campaign looks to have a lead, but its margins appear to who once promised to fol- uncertainty would sap be narrowing, and those who say they’re most likely to low the Brexit vote with confdence in Britain’s vote still favor Brexit. The “Leave” campaign has shifted a referendum in support business and investment its message to focus on the high levels of E.U. immigration of a new E.U. treaty that is environment. Some in into the U.K., stoking fears that open cross-border trafc “fairer” to Britain. Britain’s Leave campaign could allow Europe’s migrant crisis and terrorism risks to Yet Johnson has gone argue that trade deals with threaten Britons’ economic and national security. All com- quiet on this subject. He Europe can be replaced petitive elections are decided by turnout, and it’s not yet seems to recognize that with a new agreement clear whether fear of the potential economic impact of di- European governments with the U.S. That’s un- vorce from the world’s largest economic club will trump have no incentive to re- likely, given the wave of British anger at European bureaucracy and worry that Eu- ward a departing Brit- antitrade sentiment across rope’s problems will spill into the U.K. ain with a new deal. That the Atlantic. Both Donald Also unclear is the true economic would encourage popu- Trump and Bernie Sand- impact of a potential vote for Brexit. A vote in lists in every country in ers have argued that recent The British Treasury released a re- favor of the E.U. to push for their trade deals have killed U.S. port in April that forecast a substan- Brexit would own new agreements— jobs, and Hillary Clinton tial loss of household wealth over create lasting with threats to stage their has run for political cover. time, along with falling exports, ris- uncertainty own exit referendums to Markets like good news ing prices and a possible recession. and boost their leverage. An and dislike bad news. But The International Monetary Fund considerable online poll published last they detest uncertainty, and the Bank of England have also market month found that 45% of because it undermines the warned of the recession risk. But turmoil 6,000-plus respondents confdence of business leading advocates of Brexit dismiss in Germany, France, Italy, leaders and investors that these warnings as scaremongering Belgium, Spain, Swe- they can predict where that fails to acknowledge the full economic benefts of a den, Hungary and Poland and when to place their lighter regulatory burden and new trade deals that could want their governments to bets. The outcome of Brit- follow Britain’s withdrawal. Open Europe, a think tank that hold an E.U. membership ain’s referendum remains has been skeptical of the E.U., has argued that Brexit would referendum. very much in doubt, but create a permanent boost for the British economy. Multiple it’s easy to predict that a studies have produced a broad range of estimates, leaving THE SAME LOGIC applies vote to leave would create each side to charge the other with bias—and leaving voters to new trade deals with damaging uncertainties wondering if any of these reports can be believed. E.U. member states, which that would reverberate for Britain would have to ne- years to come.

WE CAN FORECAST with confdence, however, that a vote gotiate post-Brexit. That IMAGES IAN FORSYTH—GETTY to leave the E.U. would create a period of lasting uncertainty would take years to com- Bremmer’s column is for Britain and its economy. It’s reasonable to assume that plete, and other govern- sponsored this week by the Conservative Prime Minister David Cameron, who has ments would have every DHL, which is not involved campaigned hard for the Remain side, would be forced to re- incentive to drive excep- in the selection of topics sign. The most obvious replacement would be former Lon- tionally hard bargains. or any other aspect of the don mayor Boris Johnson, the face of the Leave campaign, In the meantime, market editorial process

12 TIME June 13, 2016

TheBrief

REFORM “When the period went public last year, States end the there was an incredible array of forces that TRENDING brought it to the fore,” says Weiss-Wolf. tampon tax after the Take, for instance, the work of Naama ‘Year of the Period’ Bloom, the CEO and founder of HelloFlo, a feminine-product delivery service responsible ON MAY 25, NEW YORK STATE VOTED TO for a viral video that pokes fun at the way eliminate a “luxury” tax on menstrual young girls learn about their periods and the products, which the goods had been subject shame surrounding them. “I think it’s much to as non-“necessities” (think medicine, to do with the culture we live in,” Bloom told COURT food), joining a handful of states and cities TIME last year. “Part of what has been so The Polish government said on May 31 that that have done the same. The next day, similar radical is that I’m not ashamed.” it planned to revive legislation passed in Illinois. These are the Neither were the thousands of women an effort to extradite most recent wins in what has become a global who tweeted the Roman Polanski, movement over the past 18 months to change ‘While this hashtag #Periods- who fled the U.S. in not only the way tampons and pads are taxed AreNotAnInsult, 1978, on the eve is about a of his sentencing and distributed, but also the openness with which sprang for statutory rape. which we talk about a biological process that tax ... it’s also up thanks to a A Krakow court had for centuries was cast as a curse and a source about women comment about ruled in 2015 that the of shame. seeking Fox News debate filmmaker’s extradition Linda B. Rosenthal, the assembly member moderator Megyn would be “unlawful.” and gaining who introduced New York State’s bill last May, their voice.’ Kelly by presidential estimates it will save women in New York City candidate Donald LINDA B. ROSENTHAL, $416.52 over their lifetimes. But money isn’t New York State Trump. YouTuber the only issue, she says: “While this is about a assembly member Ingrid Nilsen, who tax on tampons, it’s also about women seeking stumped President and gaining their voice.” Obama with a question about tampon taxes in Mentions of periods tripled in mainstream January, wasn’t ashamed either. “I don’t know MILITARY media outlets between 2010 and 2015, accord- anybody that has a period that would consider North Korea attempted ing to NPR. And all that visibility has helped it a luxury,” Nilsen told TIME. to launch a missile on May 31 and failed, fuel reform. According to Jennifer Weiss-Wolf The next battle is to distribute free says South Korea’s of the Brennan Center for Justice at New York tampons and pads in schools, shelters and military. The missile University, who has been at the forefront of jails. Nancy Kramer, an advertising executive, allegedly flew for up the push, 14 states and three major cities have has been advocate for “freeing the tampon” to three seconds introduced legislation, amendments or budget since her 2013 TEDx talk in which she argues before exploding. This is the latest in lines this year to nix the tax. In July 2015, Can- that they should be as available as toilet paper. a series of missile ada ended its sales tax on these items. And ear- Tax repeal is a “step in the right direction,” she tests made in defiance lier this year, the United Kingdom proposed a says, but universal accessibility would be the of the international resolution to do the same. real win.—MAYA RHODAN community.

HEALTH The cell-phone-cancer link A new government study on rats linked cell-phone radiation to cancers of the brain and heart. It’s not the fnal word on the matter, but this TRANSPORT research adds evidence that will lead to further study in humans. Switzerland officially opened the world’s THE NEW STUDY THE EARLIER THE TAKEAWAY longest, deepest rail Researchers STUDIES It’s possible that the tunnel on June 1. The exposed rats to Observational long-term effects of 35-mile-long Gotthard cell-phone radiation studies in humans cell-phone radiation Base Tunnel, which for about nine hours show limited on human health took 17 years to a day and found that evidence of cancer, are yet to be seen. build, will be part of a male rats were more though the World More research is high-speed rail corridor likely to develop Health Organization needed, and the connecting the Dutch cancerous tumors. says there’s not study’s authors say port of Rotterdam enough research to they’ll release more to the Italian port rule it out. fndings in 2017. of Genoa. Milestones RESIGNED Brazil’s anticorruption minister, Fabiano Silveira, after leaked recordings seemed to show him trying to thwart a corruption probe into the national oil company Petrobras. INCREASED The U.S. death rate, for the frst time in 10 years, partly because of a rise in mortality from Alzheimer’s, drug overdoses and suicides in 2015. WON The 100th Indy 500, by rookie driver Alexander Rossi, 24, the frst newcomer to win the race Frequent fooding in Rio helps since 2001. Zika-carrying mosquitoes spread ENDED The Verizon strike, after EXPLAINER unions representing 40,000 telecom workers, The beleaguered Rio Olympic Games who walked off the job on April 13, agreed to return ON MAY 27, FEARS OF A MASS GLOBAL tion scandal has seen President Dilma Rous- on June 1. Verizon won outbreak of the Zika virus compelled 150 sef suspended, while interim President Mi- the right to offer buyouts without union approval, respected health experts—including former chel Temer has lost two Cabinet members to while workers gained White House science adviser Philip Rubin— resignations. Brazil is also mired in its worst raises of at least 10.5% to issue an open letter saying “in the name recession since the 1930s, while struggling and 1,300 additional jobs. of public health,” the Summer Olympics in with protests and spiking levels of violence, DIED Rio should be relocated or delayed until the including the highly publicized gang rape Charles “Mike” Harper, outbreak dies down. Their concern adds of a 16-year-old girl. On May 30, just over 88, former ConAgra to the growing chorus of voices expressing two months shy of opening ceremonies, the CEO, whose 1985 heart doubts that Brazil—in the midst of a sea of government fred contractors working on attack (and his wife Josie’s insistence on a crises—will be able to successfully pull of the the velodrome—already the most delayed of new diet) inspired the frst Olympics to be held in South America. the venues due to problems laying the track. Healthy Choice line that And Olympians worry about competing in transformed the packaged- ZIKA FEARS The World Health Organiza- Rio’s severely polluted waterways. food giant in the 1990s. tion played down concerns of an outbreak on SENTENCED May 28, saying there was “no public-health REASONS FOR HOPE Last-minute panics are Hissène Habré, President justifcation” for postponing or canceling the not new to the Olympics; despite delays and of Chad from 1982 to Olympics because of Zika. The mosquito- doubts, the 2004 Games in Athens were seen 1990, to life in prison borne disease generally causes mild symp- as a success. The majority of Zika infections after a landmark trial in toms but has been linked to microcephaly, occur far from Rio, in the northeast, and mos- Senegal found him guilty of crimes against humanity, a rare condition where babies are born with quito transmission rates slow down in the including torture, rape and small heads and severe developmental prob- southern hemisphere’s winter months, when 40,000 murders. lems. With as many as 1.5 million estimated the Games are held. Most of the venues are cases of Zika last year in Brazil alone, many built, and after being beset by funding issues, potential Olympians are worried. Athletes the metro line linking Rio’s beach areas to the including the Chicago Bulls’ Pau Gasol and Olympic park fnally conducted its frst test Northern Irish golfer Rory McIlroy are con- trip on May 23. Olympic ofcials are adamant sidering skipping the Games altogether. that the Games go on, but with ticket sales sluggish, one key question remains: Will peo- POLITICAL PROBLEMS A snowballing corrup- ple turn up?—TARA JOHN COURT, HEALTH: GETTY IMAGES; MILITARY, TRANSPORT, MILESTONES: AP; EXPLAINER: MARIO TAMA—GETTY IMAGES

15 TheBrief Wonders of the World

The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam will be Africa’s largest—and produce 6,000 MW of power—when it is completed in 2017 Ethiopia aims to lift itself out of ourselves dependent on the rest of the world for aid,” says Zadig Abraha, the poverty by damming the Blue Nile chief spokesman for the dam project. By Aryn Baker/Benishangul-Gumuz, Ethiopia “The fact that we can, on our own, construct the largest dam in Africa is a THE BLUE NILE BEGINS IN ETHIOPIA’S It wasn’t until 2011 that then Prime symbol of how Ethiopia has divorced its Lake Tana and winds its way through a Minister Meles Zenawi announced poverty-stricken past.” series of dramatic waterfalls and steep plans for the Grand Ethiopian Renais- gorges carved into the country’s high- sance Dam as part of the country’s WITH 94 MILLION PEOPLE, Ethiopia lands. Finally it descends to the plains ambitious plan to leap from extreme produces only about as much electric- of Sudan, joining the White Nile in poverty to middle-income status by ity as the state of Indiana. That energy Khartoum to create the mighty river 2025. In Ethiopia, where 4 of 5 resi- poverty keeps the entire country poor. that feeds a third country, Egypt. It is dents have no electricity, power is seen But at full capacity, the dam will provide the seasonal rainfall of Ethiopia’s high- as the key to economic progress. nearly a quarter of the country’s energy lands that have, for millennia, swelled But because of concerns over the needs and even allow Ethiopia to sell the Nile with its life-giving foods. Un- project’s potential for intensifying old power to its downstream neighbors. A like its downstream neighbors, Sudan water conficts—Egypt has threatened recent report by the Massachusetts Insti- and Egypt, Ethiopia has never at- war over control of fows on which it tute of Technology estimates that once tempted to monetize its share of the already depends—Ethiopia has not high-voltage transmission lines to Sudan Nile through dams. Until now. been able to get outside fnancing for and Egypt are completed, Ethiopia could In an audacious undertaking, the the project, which will cost $4.2 billion. generate $1 billion a year in energy sales. Ethiopian government has begun con- Instead the government has asked the The renaissance in the dam’s formal structing Africa’s biggest hydroelectric entire nation to pitch in, through all- name, says project manager and chief dam, a 1.1-mile-long behemoth that but-mandatory treasury bonds worth engineer Simegnew Bekele, refers to a will, when completed in 2017, be able up to several months of a civil servant’s vision of African self-reliance and lead- to generate 6,000 megawatts of elec- salary, a national lottery and donations. ership in a world that has long seen the tricity, more than tripling the country’s “Ethiopia used to be one of the great continent as little more than a place to output. An adjacent dam, nearly three civilizations, and then we found plunder natural resources. By using en- miles long, will help create a reservoir ergy to promote industry, Ethiopia has R e big enough to contain the Blue Nile’s d an opportunity to develop its best re- S e entire annual fow. SUDAN a newable resource—its people, who have Blue Nile ERITREA YEMEN been risking their lives in recent years ETHIOPIA’S FORMER EMPEROR Haile to migrate to the West. And with hydro- Selassie frst had the idea of build- DJIBOUTI electric power, Ethiopia can develop ing a dam on the Blue Nile in 1964, without contributing to climate change. TIKSA NEGERI—REUTERS ADDIS SOMALILAND but regional bickering over water ABABA “Our prosperity can’t come at the ex- rights, followed by civil war, a Marx- SOUTH DAM ETHIOPIA pense of what we owe the planet,” says ist coup and a devastating famine that SUDAN Bekele. “You can imagine how many bar- killed nearly a million people in the SOMALIA rels of oil we would have to burn to gen- 1980s, meant the plan was put on hold. KENYA erate 6,000 megawatts of energy.” □

16 TIME June 13, 2016

LightBox REFUGEES The next frontier for migrants is an even more dangerous one

ON MAY 25, AN ITALIAN NAVAL vessel approached a blue boat in the Mediterranean Sea. Crowding the deck were more than 500 passengers, each of whom had paid smugglers for passage from the northern coast of Africa to the southern coast of Europe. As the Italian vessel approached, the passengers in the migrant craft gathered on the rail nearest it. The boat began to list and then tip, before it fnally capsized. Italian sailors pulled out their cameras, and soon the world had an arresting new image of Europe’s migration crisis. All but a handful of passengers were pulled from the sea alive that day. But two more smugglers’ boats went down in the next two days, and ofcials said the death toll surpassed 700. Already this year, more than 2,500 people have drowned trying to reach Europe across the hundreds of miles of the Mediterranean. That’s one-third more than the number of people who died over the same months in 2015, when for many the journey was just the three miles of the Aegean Sea that separate Turkey from Greece, the doorstep of the E.U. But that route is now a dead end, shuttered by an overwhelmed E.U. So some Syrian refugees are joining the Africans trying their luck from Libya and Tunisia. And luck plays a role. The U.N. reports that 1 in 23 dies while attempting the perilous passage from North Africa, more than three times the death rate of any other crossing.—JUSTIN WORLAND

At least seven migrants drowned after an overcrowded boat capsized in the Mediterranean of the coast of Libya

PHOTOGRAPH BY MARINA MILITARE/AFP/ GETTY IMAGES

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Flowers were laid in an impromptu memorial to the gorilla Harambe at the Cincinnati Zoo

SOCIETY I’LL NEVER FORGET THE MOMENT drama captured on a now viral video. I became a lousy father. My older Watching it, it’s impossible to Accidents daughter was not yet 3, and we were know what Harambe’s intentions were walking through a children’s museum when a tiny human suddenly dropped happen. in Mexico City. I turned away for a into his world. His initial behavior— Stop mom- moment and looked back in time to see standing over the boy, scooping him a boy twice her age and size bump into toward him with a giant cupped shaming over her. She fell backward, hit her head on hand—suggests that he wanted to the cement foor, sustained a severe protect him. His later behavior— the gorilla concussion and spent the next three dragging the boy violently through days in a Mexican hospital. Just like the water in his moat—suggests that incident that, I went from good dad to bad dad. he could well have killed him. Zoo By Jefrey Kluger Parenting is like that. Keeping kids ofcials decided the best solution was safe is a lifelong exercise in not being to kill the animal to save the child. able to take a bow when bad stuf And with that, the mom-shaming doesn’t happen—and paying dearly began. Yes, the zoo management was when it does. That, writ large, is what criticized for having a gorilla enclosure Cincinnati mother Michelle Gregg has that a 4-year-old could breach. And been enduring since her 4-year-old yes, animal-rights activists argued that son slipped into the zoo enclosure of Harambe’s death was one more case a 420-lb. gorilla named Harambe, a against keeping animals captive. REUTERS PHOTOGRAPH BY WILLIAM PHILPOTT 21 The View

But the real venom was directed at Gregg. BOOK IN BRIEF A Change.org petition—dubbed “Justice for VERBATIM Predicting the next Harambe”—read in part, “We the undersigned ‘I hope great American novel actively encourage an investigation of the child’s that you home environment in the interests of protecting will always WHEN WE THINK ABOUT THE FUTURE, the child and his siblings from further incidents remember we envision a version of the present: of parental negligence.” Within two days of the that the TV shows, movies and singers zoo event, it had collected 313,000 of the 500,000 your story, who matter most today will be the ones signatures it was seeking. and that you remembered in 100 years. History says Then Twitter did what Twitter does: it will carry your otherwise, Chuck Klosterman argues weaponized the ugliness. “I am SICK&TIRED story with you in But What if We’re Wrong? Thinking of LAZY people who do not WATCH THEIR as proudly as About the Present as if It Were the Past. CHILDREN,” read one post. “[A] gorilla got killed I carry mine.’ The works that because of a stupid child and his moron parents,” endure, he says, MICHELLE OBAMA, giving read another. And because no public debate is the commencement are the ones that complete until celebrities have their say, there address to Santa Fe future societies was Ricky Gervais tweeting, “It seems that some Indian School, which fnd meaningful, has a graduating class gorillas make better parents than some people.” of about 100 students whether they’re D.L. Hughley, for his part, said this: “If you leave valued in their day your kid in a car you go to jail, if you let your kid or not. Herman fall into a Gorilla Enclosure u should too!” Melville’s Moby- An especially smug reaction came from a man Dick was scorned who tweets under the name DADDIE: “Give when it came me 10 children and I can guarantee that none of out, and Franz them will end up in a gorilla enclosure.” But no, Kafka was dead before The Trial saw DADDIE, you can’t guarantee that. Parent-shaming print. So which of today’s writers will is all about reverse-engineering a moment. A bad be remembered in 2116? Probably thing happens, parents are supposed to prevent not Philip Roth or Jonathan Franzen, bad things, therefore a parent must be to blame. Klosterman says, but someone writing A child would certainly never fall into a gorilla in obscurity (perhaps on the deep web), enclosure on my watch. representing an ultra-marginalized Children, however, don’t play by the rules. group and covering subjects that can They are the electrons in the nuclear family— be completely reinterpreted by future kinetic, frenetic, seeming to occupy two or three readers. “The most amazing writer of places at the same moment and drawn irresistibly this generation,” he writes, “is someone to the most dangerous things in their environment. you’ve never heard of.”—SARAH BEGLEY Wrangling one child is a process of quick refexes and constant vigilance; wrangling several—as Gregg was reportedly doing at the moment her son slipped away—is exponentially harder. CHARTOON It speaks sweetly to human nature that we are Newly discovered dinosaurs so drawn to protect children. A lost toddler wails in a mall, and a dozen grownups converge to help. And it’s a manifestly good thing that our culture has grown more alert to the plight of kids for whom the home is the least safe place in the world.

Child-protective services exist for a reason. But OBAMA: WILLIAM PACHECO—SANTA FE INDIAN SCHOOL protecting children from harm is not the same as attacking sometimes grieving parents who work every day to prevent that harm from coming. Having a child means being at least a little bit afraid for the rest of your life. The tiny cracks in time in which accidents happen—the milliseconds before and after a child falls in a museum or tumbles into an animal enclosure—are impossible to foresee. Fearing the loss of or injury to your child is bad enough, thank you very much, without fearing the public shaming that can follow. □ JOHN ATKINSON, WRONG HANDS

22 TIME June 13, 2016 New problems with communication is 1 of the 10 warning signs of Alzheimer’s, a disease that is often misunderstood. During Alzheimer’s & Brain Awareness Month, the Alzheimer’s Association® encourages you to learn how to recognize these symptoms in yourself and others. For more information, and to learn what you can do now, go to alz.org/10signs or call 800.272.3900.

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BIG IDEA A bus that skims over trafc Beijing and other large Chinese cities top lists of the world’s most congested and polluted DATA metropolitan areas. Chinese developers say the Transit Explore Bus could be part of a solution THE RISE OF to both problems. The elevated bus, which is set to be tested this year, travels above the fray at AD BLOCKERS a speed of about 40 m.p.h. (64 km/h), cruising over cars stuck in traffc and allowing traffc to pass below when it pauses at stations. And because it’s electric, it wouldn’t contribute to the Software that blocks smog that chokes so many Chinese cities. —Justin Worland ads in browsers or apps cuts two ways: it reduces clutter for the viewer, but it also reduces revenue for websites that survive on the sales of those ads. Outlets ranging from newspapers to social-media platforms have been affected. A new report from PageFair, a startup that offers publishers ways to get around blockers, recently measured the phenomenon, which varies widely by region. 22% Percentage of global smartphone users who deploy a blocker on their mobile browser 90% Global increase in mobile users who deployed a blocker QUICK TAKE from January 2015 to How Islam is diferent from other religions January 2016 By Shadi Hamid 159 million WE WANT TO BELIEVE WE!RE ALL BASICALLY were no accident. They were meant to be Number of ad-blocking the same and want the same things, but what intertwined in the leadership of one man. browsers installed in if we’re not? Second, for Muslims the Quran is God’s China, compared with Islam, in both theory and practice, is direct and literal speech, more than merely 122 million in India and only 2.3 million exceptional in how it relates to politics. the word of God. It is difcult to overstate the in the U.S. Because of its outsize role in law and centrality of divine authorship. This does not governance, Islam has been—and will mean Muslims are literalists; most are not. continue to be—resistant to secularization. But it does mean the text cannot easily be 45 I am a bit uncomfortable making this claim, dismissed as irrelevant. Number of ad-blocking especially now, with anti-Muslim bigotry What does this mean for everyone else? browsers available for on the rise. But Islamic exceptionalism is Western observers will need to do something download on the iOS and Android systems neither good nor bad. It just is, and we need to uncomfortable and difcult. They will need to understand and respect that. accept Islam’s vital and varied role in politics Two factors are worth emphasizing: First, and formulate policies with that in mind, 42 the founding moment of Islam looms large. rather than hope for secularizing outcomes Number of minutes of Unlike Jesus Christ, the Prophet Muhammad that are unlikely anytime soon, if ever. iPhone 6 battery life was a theologian, a preacher, a warrior and a saved by using the ad politician, all at once. He was also the leader Hamid, a senior fellow at the Brookings blocker Purify while browsing the web, in a and builder of a new state, capturing, holding Institution, is the author of Islamic test performed by the and governing new territory. Religious and Exceptionalism: How the Struggle Over New York Times

HU QINGMING—IMAGINECHINA/AP HU political functions, at least for the believer, Islam Is Reshaping the World —S.B. The View American Genius

A new push for city commuters GI FLYBIKE Price: $2,290 on two wheels Max speed: 15 m.p.h. By Lisa Eadicicco Range: 40 miles Features: Folds for easier storage; automatically locks FOR MILLIONS OF PEOPLE AROUND when owner is 10 ft. away; the world, electric bicycles are a staple includes USB phone charger of commuting. But Americans have Weight: 55 lb. been slow to adopt so-called e-bikes, which typically employ an electric motor to supplement peddling. Palo Alto, Calif.–based Karmic Bikes, which plans to launch its frst model in June after a successful 2015 Kickstarter KARMIC KOBEN campaign, thinks it has found the Price: $1,899 formula to make e-bikes popular. Its Max speed: 20 m.p.h. Koben bike situates a motor near the Range: 30–50 miles pedals and crank, making it easier to Features: Intended to ride like a regular bike with climb steep hills. “It never feels like the electric power available bike is pushing or pulling you,” says when needed founder Hong Quan. Weight: 44 lb. Getting Americans to consider one may be difcult. According to data frm Navigant Research, Western Europeans will buy some 1.6 million e-bikes this year. In China, where fewer people have the disposable income to buy a car, roughly 30 million are sold annually. In the U.S. that fgure is estimated to be STROMER ST2 S Price: $9,490 just 140,000 in 2016. Max speed: 28 m.p.h. The design of U.S. cities may Range: 110 miles be hindering adoption. Roads are Features: Includes a tailored for driving, with bike lanes screen for displaying SCHWARTZ DOUGLAS OKO: BIOMEGA S: STROMER; ST2 STROMER STUDIOS; LIGHTGRID KOBEN: KARMIC FLYBIKE; GI for traditional cycling. Urban planners metrics like speed; can be locked or haven’t fgured out how to solve the unlocked remotely with a in-between. “You can’t have a 25-mile- smartphone app an-hour electric bike and pedestrians Weight: 57.5 lb. in the same environment,” says Derek Chisholm, a transportation planner for Los Angeles–based architecture and engineering frm Aecom. This makes it difcult to set rules for how and where electric bikes should be operated, leading to municipal bans. New York City, for example, prohibits the use of motor-assisted bicycles, BIOMEGA OKO Price: $2,295 though they’ve proven popular with Max speed: 20 m.p.h. delivery workers. Range: 25–40 miles Still, Quan points to the proliferation Features: Motor is in the of bike-sharing programs as evidence center of the frame for even that cities are starting to embrace two- weight distribution 40 lb. wheeled commutes. “It’s going to be a Weight: long battle,” says Quan. “I’m willing to work on this for 10 or 20 years.” □

Why a seemingly perfect had provided one: Donald Trump. “We didn’t even test it,” Joel Benen- attack on Trump missed its son, the Clinton pollster, told me. “You target. At least for now don’t have to be a brain surgeon to go after a guy who bragged about swoop- By Joe Klein ing in and benefting of other people’s misery.” Not only did the campaign put “WINNING THE NEWS CYCLE” IS ONE OF THE MORE ODIOUS AIRTIME out a powerful ad, with Trump himself concepts in American politics. It is a recent media invention BATTLES blithely saying the words, but it also that rewards superfciality and punishes substance; it is, at found a righteous ally, Massachusetts best, a nano-measurement of micro-momentum—but any- Senator Elizabeth Warren, who called thing measurable is news, and therefore easier to cover than Trump “a small, insecure money grub- subjects that may require actual thought. Which makes it per- ber who doesn’t care who gets hurt so fect for Donald Trump. He uses the daily contest brilliantly, long as he makes a proft of it” and with an almost demonic perversity. He almost always wins the Trump “cares about no one but himself.” day. Trump understands that even if he dredges up an utterly On May 31, reprehensible issue—the question of whether Hillary Clinton’s he dominated SO WHAT HAPPENED? Not much. The friend Vince Foster actually committed suicide, for example— the news IG report landed on Clinton’s head a day and is clobbered for it by the right-thinking residents of with a press later. Trump continued his tweetarian conference on Mount Opinion, it can be a winner: it will divert attention his donations symphony: “You have to be wealthy from much larger and more embarrassing problems, like his to veterans’ in order to be great” was his next out- refusal to release his tax returns, an issue that needs sustained groups. rage du jour, which bought him another pressure to bubble. He can always turn around and “win” the Though he “cycle.” He even had a successful riposte next news cycle by saying that maybe Vince Foster isn’t so im- used the for Warren, whose family made some time primarily portant a story after all. (Which he did a few days later.) to deride money from foreclosed properties in the Clinton, by contrast, does not win many news cycles. Her reporters, it 1990s: “Goofy Elizabeth Warren, some- most notable days are those when negative events spin be- was covered times known as Pocahontas, bought yond her control—when the State Department’s inspector live by CNN, foreclosed housing and made a quick general scolds her for cutting corners with her emails; when Fox, MSNBC killing. Total hypocrite!” Ouch. and C-SPAN. Bernie Sanders or his supporters do violence to her sense of Clinton had not only lost the day but inevitability. This is rightly seen as a problem for her; Trump was trounced; indeed, the incident be- is always on the ofensive, in every sense of the word. came the substance of another round of punditory hand-wringing about Clin- ON MAY 24, the Clinton campaign launched a startling ton’s failed “messaging.” And Clinton attack that should have won the day against Trump. There sources confrmed that they’d put the was flm of Trump actually rooting for a housing bust in brakes on the housing-bust attack line Clinton 2006. “I sort of hope that happens,” he’d said, “because On the same when it became clear that the big Clin- then people like me will go in,” buy properties and “make day, her ton “story” for the next few days would a lot of money.” This seemed a diferent sort of depravity campaign be her, uh, failed messaging—via her from Trump’s calling Mexicans “rapists” or making fun of attacked personal server. a disabled reporter—it was about his hoping to feece his Trump’s This will, no doubt, be seen as an- record on vets electoral fock, the millions of working Americans who lost, in an MSNBC other example of Trump’s Tefon: his or nearly lost, their homes in the Great Recession. When I interview with willingness to be “honest” about screw- Clinton and

drove across the country in 2010, the housing bust was as ing the middle class somehow is more REUTERS CLINTON: IMAGES; GETTY TRUMP: raw an issue as could be found. It was not an abstraction like a conference real—that is, less “political”—than the global warming or the debt ceiling. It was happening every call with life savings his supporters lost. If so, anti-Trump evening around the kitchen table, where decisions had to vets in the he could win this election. But I sus- be made about which bills to pay, which dreams to defer. I battleground pect Clinton’s campaign will return to spoke with dozens of people who were “underwater,” with state of Trump’s reaction to the housing bubble, mortgages larger than the shrunken value of their homes. It Florida. and other issues like it, and perhaps was the scariest thing that had ever happened to them. They even have the patience to stick with fgured that sharks were making money of their despair, but them beyond a news cycle. She will have the sharks didn’t have a name. Now the Clinton campaign to do this if she wants to win. □

28 TIME June 13, 2016

Trump spoke in January at Jerry Falwell Jr.’s Liberty University in Lynchburg,Va.

TRUMP’S GO

PHOTOGRAPH BY CHIP SOMODEVILLA OD MACHINE How the GOP nominee won over a scion of the Bible Belt—and America’s evangelical base By Elizabeth Dias Trump’s life seemed to represent everything evangelicals and social conservatives stood against: excess, indulgence, opulence, cynicism. Trump had long boasted of supporting access to abortion and being a playboy, using the crudest language to sexualize women. He was a onetime supporter of amending the Civil Rights Act to protect gay people. And as a businessman, he was proud of his ability to get even and make money at oth- T ers’ expense. Iowa evangelical activist Bob Vander Plaats said he was “fabber- gasted” by Falwell’s endorsement, and he mocked Trump for his biblical illiteracy— THE DONALD TRUMP CHARM CAMPAIGN calling a book of the Bible “2 Corinthi- can be overwhelming, even to the sophis- ans” instead of the more common Sec- ticated. It can include free strappy Ivanka ond Corinthians. There was no way, said Trump heels, top New York City restau- Vander Plaats, Cruz and dozens of oth- rant reservations and an ofer of his pri- ers, that evangelicals would vote for him vate cell-phone number, which he an- once they learned what he really stood for. swers himself. You might also get phone What no one understood at the time access to his children, who are all in- was the degree to which Trump had been volved in the campaign in some way. Jerry working for years to win over social con- Falwell Jr., the frst evangelical leader to servatives. Before the primaries were endorse the thrice-married billionaire, over, Trump won the GOP nomination learned all of this frsthand. with the evangelical base, besting Bible And for Falwell, the son of the popu- thumpers like Cruz and Mike Huckabee △ lar televangelist who founded the Moral and doing so without most of the move- Liberty students worshipped Majority in the 1970s, the personal touch ment’s power brokers. He set out to do it before Trump addressed them is part of his own family’s business. Fal- as he does everything, on his own terms. in January well remembers meeting Ted Cruz at the It took some time. Trump began Charleston, S.C., GOP debate in Janu- charming the Liberty University pres- ary and shaking the Texan’s hand. “He ident as far back as 2012, when he ac- and the Falwell girls, in their exact sizes, acted like he didn’t have a clue who he cepted an honorary degree in business as a thank-you gift. was talking to,” Falwell recalls of Cruz. there, spoke but waived his fee, assumed Meanwhile, Trump has given speaking “I wasn’t ofended, but if he is going to his own travel costs and then delayed his spots at his rallies to an obscure group of be in politics, he needs to be more per- return fight to tour the campus. When “prosperity gospel” pastors who preach sonal.” Trump, by contrast, was a blur of Hurricane Sandy hit New York a month that God wants Americans to be rich and charm, working the room that night with later, Falwell remembers how his wife successful. Several of these, like televan- a warmth Falwell recognized from his Becki got a call from a longtime Trump gelist Paula White, have large followings. namesake, who died in 2007. “He was so adviser to say that Trump had been in- He has tried to use traditional evangeli- personable—my father was like that—so spired by Liberty’s hospitality and had cal support for Israel to fnd votes among politically incorrect,” says Falwell. opened one of his hotel lobbies to dis- the booming Hispanic evangelical move- Less than a week later, Trump arrived placed people for free food and cofee. ment, despite his commitment to deport- at Falwell’s campus to speak in the very Two years later, when the Falwells vis- ing 11 million undocumented people. And auditorium Cruz had chosen to launch his ited the Big Apple, Trump’s team helped after he clinched the GOP nomination, he presidential campaign. Falwell endorsed them get restaurant reservations, which wooed other conservative Christians by Trump days later. “They call him a pop- led to a photo op with Adam Sandler. promising to nominate specifcally “pro- ulist. That is what we’ve been accused In December, Trump called to say he life” Justices to the Supreme Court. of being for a long time,” Falwell says. “I was proud of Falwell’s decision to let These moves have won converts, and don’t know why to be President you have students carry concealed weapons on as a result, Trump has begun to force the to mirror a good pastor.” campus—“‘Whatever you do, don’t apol- hand of the social-conservative leaders At the time, Falwell’s endorsement ogize,’” Falwell remembers Trump say- who oppose him. Penny Nance, presi- shocked the conservative evangelical ing. And after Trump spoke to the student of Concerned Women for America, movement, whose leaders considered dent body again in January, his daughter has spoken publicly about the hard choice Trump’s takeover of the Republican Party Ivanka sent four pairs of her signature de- they face in the months ahead. “I did ev- unlikely and his candidacy heretical. signer shoes—heels and fats—to Becki erything I could do to blow up the tracks

32 TIME June 13, 2016 baiting.” The wave of Trump endorsements, he adds, “shows us that the religious right needs a reformation—this is what happens when you have years of vacuous civil religion with little or bad theology combined with conspiracy- theory fundraising.” Trump’s avowed policy of forced de- portations risks alienating not only His- panics who are increasingly evangelical, but also mainline evangelicals who believe in broadening the born-again fock. Trump has sent mixed signals to these groups: He delivered a video message in May to the annual conference of the National Hispanic Christian Leadership Coalition, the largest Latino evangelical organization in the U.S., with more than 40,000 churches, and said nothing to address fears about his commitment to deport millions by force. But behind closed doors a week earlier, Trump met pri- vately with NHCLC representative Mario Bramnick, a Cuban-American pastor who leads the group’s Hispanic Israel Leader- ship Coalition and who had advised Cruz in the primary. Trump signaled an openness to working with the Hispanic com- in front of the Trump train, and it didn’t and after the nominating convention; an- munity on immigration, even though he work, and so at this point you either jump other is working to actively recruit an al- did not commit to changing his policies. on or stand on the sidelines and wave,” she ternative person to run as a third-party “We all came out really sensing his genu- says. “We are going to have to try to move or write-in candidate. “We would do it as ineness,” Bramnick says. forward.” In short, fear of Democratic can- soon as we got a frm yes of someone who That may not be enough. Samuel Ro- didate Hillary Clinton is proving greater would [run],” Deborah DeMoss Fonseca, driguez Jr., NHCLC’s president, still than fear of a future with Trump. the group’s spokeswoman and a longtime hopes Trump will apologize to Latino im- surrogate for Jeb Bush, says. “I’d still say migrants for his “hurtful, erroneous and TRUMP’S COURTSHIP is not yet a wed- it is about 50-50 that we can do this.” dangerous” comments. “Latino evangeli- ding. He won only a plurality of evan- Others see 2016 as a lost cause. They cals are more divided than white evangeli- gelicals in the primary; he will need a are focused less on trying to stop Trump cals on Trump,” he warns. majority to win the election. Many Chris- than on trying to salvage evangelical prin- tian leaders still fnd Trump an unlikely ciples. Russell Moore, president of the OTHERS IN THE evangelical move- prophet, and some are actively building a Southern Baptist Convention’s public- ment have shifted from opposition to third-party coalition. In February, a group policy arm, who has been one of the most a delicate, painful reconsideration. On of evangelicals and social conservatives outspoken evangelical voices against June 21, Trump will meet with some 500 quietly formed a coalition of “not Trump Trump, revamped his annual conference leading social-conservative groups in now or ever” believers and called them- in August to talk about issues like char- New York—most of which opposed him selves Conservatives Against Trump. acter, race and politics. Otherwise, he in the primaries—at their request. For- Led by South Dakota furniture-store wonders, what happens when evangeli- mer presidential candidate Ben Carson owner Bob Fischer, they started orga- cals “who were screaming that ‘character is working with Family Research Coun- nizing on daily conference calls and matters’ throughout the 1990s ... now are cil president Tony Perkins and Bill Dal- email chains, twice fying to Washington willing to say character doesn’t matter?” las, who leads United in Purpose, to plan from across the country for meetings. Moore goes further, saying evangelical the closed-door session, which will in- Now their core campaign team includes support for Trump may leave a damaging clude leaders like Vander Plaats, Nance, more than 60 people, including support- mark on the movement even if he loses. American Values president Gary Bauer, ers of former GOP candidates, donors, Since the next generation of evangelicals televangelist Pat Robertson and Focus on electoral-data crunchers and convention is increasingly multiethnic, Moore notes, the Family founder James Dobson. It is, if delegates. They have several task forces— it is dangerous to “say that we simply nothing else, a reminder that misery loves

PREVIOUS PAGES: GETTY IMAGES; THESE PAGES: JOSHUA ROBERTS—REUTERS one aims to stop Trump before, during don’t care about issues of blatant race- company. Perkins says the meeting won’t 33 focus on endorsements. “We are looking FALWELL’S DECISION TO ENDORSE has for a way forward,” he says, describing the not come without heartache. Liberty meeting as “a starting point for many.” board member Mark DeMoss resigned Catholic groups have had more trou- over Falwell’s endorsement, saying he ble taking that step. The day after Trump didn’t think Trump “best refects the became the presumptive nominee, the lay values of Liberty University.” Even after Catholic organization Catholic Vote— the endorsement, Trump won only 8% of part of United in Purpose—called Trump the Super Tuesday vote in Liberty’s pre- too “problematic in too many ways” to cinct, which is made up largely of Liberty receive its endorsement, citing concerns students—Florida Senator Marco Rubio over his moral judgment, his past support took 44%, while Cruz won 33%. for abortion and his lack of “foundational Dean Inserra, 35, a Liberty gradu- principles from which he proposes to gov- ate and registered Republican, leads the ern.” The group said it would “not neces- 1,000-person, majority-millennial City sarily” work actively to defeat Trump but Church in Tallahassee, Fla. He insists would turn its resources to critical con- Falwell has “gained the whole world but gressional races. △ lost his soul” in supporting Trump. And Trump’s team, meanwhile, has been Trump wooed Falwell and won his when a representative of the Republican working to promote the faith leaders support. Not all evangelical leaders National Committee recently tried to get who have jumped on board. Televangelist have joined the unlikely crusade Inserra to support Trump, even possibly Frank Amedia, pastor of Touch Heaven to use his church to host events, Inserra Ministries in Ohio and the Trump cam- got angry. “They are saying things like, paign’s unofcial “liaison for Christian to ramp up the evangelical base for the We are not electing a pastor in chief,” In- policy,” arranged a small private meet- nominee and has hired part-time pastors serra says. “Well, no kidding, no one is ing for pastors to discuss their priorities, to help in some states, focusing on Flor- saying we are. We are also not going to like religious liberty. Trump continues ida and Ohio. elect someone who makes derogatory to rely on prosperity-gospel preachers, Ralph Reed, the onetime executive di- statements toward women and toward who link faith and fnancial success, to rector of the Christian Coalition, who was ethnic minority groups, and who has a spread his support on social media, and neutral in the primaries, now supports joke of a relationship and marriage back- many have direct-to-consumer television Trump and will host him at a June confer- ground. What, we are really as Christians and radio shows. Mark Burns, a pastor in ence of some 2,500 activists in Washing- going to like this guy and support this guy Easley, S.C., regularly introduces Trump ton. Through his current group, the Faith simply because he’s a Republican?” at rallies and hosts conference calls for and Freedom Coalition, Reed expects to Falwell is unrepentant. He still sees in followers to pray for the candidate. “Jesus carry out the largest voter-education pro- Trump the same thing he saw at Liberty said, above all things, I pray that you pros- gram of his career—he says his team plans four years ago. That day in 2012, Trump per ... It was never Jesus’ intention for us to make 200 million voter contacts, di- previewed his 2016 stump speech: the to be broke,” Burns says. “I think that is rected at 32.1 million faith-based vot- U.S. is like a third-world country, the na- what Donald Trump represents.” ers primarily in battleground states like tional debt makes us “patsies,” China is Trump surrogates are also preparing Iowa, Florida, North Carolina, Virginia, stealing U.S. iPhone production, unem- to launch a faith “advisory committee” Colorado and Ohio. His voter-education ployment was “at 21%” and Trump was for the campaign, and they say Huckabee program, which has a budget of $28 mil- “a real Christian” who could take it all on. is being discussed as a possible national lion, will include 1 million door knocks, To be a winner, Trump told the students, chairman of that group. (Huckabee’s 25 million pieces of mail and, on average, you’ve got to think like one. daughter and former campaign manager, seven digital-messaging impressions per Besides, Falwell adds, even if his fel- Sarah, is working with the campaign.) voter. “Evangelicals don’t necessarily vote low Christian leaders disagree with his Televangelist White, a Trump supporter for the candidate who is most like them in endorsement of Trump, he will survive. and a senior pastor of New Destiny Chris- terms of religious identity,” Reed notes. Business is good, he says, “bulging at the tian Center in Florida, has been organiz- “That is just a myth.” seams.” This fall Liberty University will ing the group behind the scenes with Tim And for many social-conservative lead- turn away 3,000 applicants for the frst Clinton, president of the 50,000-member ers, Trump still looks like a better vehi- time, and fundraising is up. Falwell is re- American Association of Christian Coun- cle than Clinton to advance their issues. alizing his family’s grand vision for Lib-

selors, according to several people famil- “Policy outstrips comfort, gut, anxiety,” erty much sooner, and on a much larger JOE RAEDLE—GETTY IMAGES iar with the project. says Marjorie Dannenfelser, president scale, than even his father, the school’s Elsewhere, the GOP “faith voter” en- of the Susan B. Anthony List, a women’s founder, imagined. Little wonder he is gagement machine is gearing up to do group that opposes abortion. “The candi- optimistic as he contemplates Novem- Trump’s work. Chad Connelly, the Re- date who will nominate pro-life Justices ber: “It’s going to be close,” he says of publican National Committee’s director to the Supreme Court and commit to top- Trump’s prospects. “If he wins, I’ll def- of faith engagement, has visited 40 states priority pro-life legislation gets our aid.” nitely invite him back.” □

34 TIME June 13, 2016

How toSociety Stay Married Staying married is more challenging than ever. But new data says it’s worth it By Belinda Luscombe

Matrimony is a very diferent game than it used to be. Staying with the same partner might require some baseline adjustments PHOTOGRAPH BY LAUREN FLEISHMAN HERE!S A REASON FAIRY It’s not even clear anymore exactly The marriage slump tales always end in mar- what couples are signing up for. Marriage Fewer Americans are married today, riage. It’s because no- is the most basic and intimate of our largely because fewer young people body wants to see what social institutions, but also the one most are tying the knot comes after. It’s too grim. subject to shifts in cultural, technological T Meeting the right person, and economic forces, many of which have ADULTS 18 OR OLDER WHO ARE... working through comic made single life a completely viable and 100% misunderstandings and overcoming fam- attractive proposition. ily disapproval to get to the altar—those At the same time, new evidence keeps are stories worth telling. Plodding on piling up that few things are as good for year after year with that same old soul? life, limb and liquidity as staying married. 75% 50% Yawnsville. “Couples who have made it all the way MARRIED Most Americans of every stripe still later into life have found it to be a peak want to get married—even millennials, experience, a sublime experience to be although they’re waiting until they’re together,” says Karl Pillemer, a Cornell 50% 6% older. To aid them in their search, University gerontologist who did an 14% businesses have devoted billions of intensive survey of 700 elderly people WIDOWED dollars and thousands of gigabytes to mate for his book 30 Lessons for Loving. DIVORCED OR seeking. Lawyers have spent countless “Everybody—100%—said at one point 25% SEPARATED hours arguing that people should be that the long marriage was the best thing 30% able to marry whomever they choose, in their lives. of any gender. Techies have refned “But all of them also either said that NEVER MARRIED recommendation engines so that people marriage is hard,” he adds, “or that it’s re- 0 can more accurately fnd their perfect ally, really hard.” 1960 ’70 ’80 ’90 ’00 2014 other half. In many ways, getting married Marriage has become what game SOURCES: PEW; PHILIP N. COHEN, UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND, USING 2011–13 is now easier than it has ever been. theorists call “a commitment device,” an AMERICAN COMMUNITY SURVEY DATA; BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS But staying married, and doing so undertaking that locks individuals into a happily, is more difcult. In 2014, having course of action they might fnd dreary spent a year looking at all the sociological, and inconvenient on occasion in order to psychological, economic and historic data help them achieve a worthwhile bonus who with her husband Stephen Adler he could get his hands on, Northwestern later on. And in an era when it’s both put together a historical compendium University psychology professor Eli harder and less necessary to stay together, of marriage, The Marriage Book, in 2015. Finkel announced that marriage is the trick is fguring out how to go the “To try and understand, really deeply currently both the most and the least distance so you can reap the surprisingly understand what the other one wants and satisfying the institution has ever been. rich rewards. hold her feet or his feet to the fre and say “Americans today have elevated their ‘O.K., this is great but remember, this is expectations of marriage and can in fact WHAT DOES A MODERN MARRIAGE what you wanted and don’t let go of that achieve an unprecedentedly high level of promise that historical unions didn’t? The dream.’” marital quality,” he writes,but only if they ultimate dream: a partner who sees what And just as the benefts have changed, invest a lot of efort. And if they can’t, you really are and not only accepts it, so have the challenges. The roles partners their marriage will be more disappointing but improves it. “The promise you make play in the home are a moving target. to them than a humdrum marriage was to is not just to be faithful and true and to Child rearing has long been discounted prior generations, because they’ve been stay married, but to try and bring out the as the main reason for marrying, and yet promised so much more. best in each other,” says Lisa Grunwald, married couples today are encouraged to Matrimony used to be an institution engage in it more intensively than before. people entered out of custom, duty or a Technology ofers more enticements to need to procreate. Now that it’s become stray while the culture and the law ofer a technology-assisted endeavor that has fewer penalties for doing so. been delayed until conditions are at their ‘In the early years, In some cases, the penalty is for most optimal, it needs to deliver better- staying. That Hillary Clinton stuck with quality benefts. More of us think this one you fght because you a philandering husband is considered in relationship should—and could—provide don’t understand some circles to be a liability, evidence of the full bufet of satisfaction: intimacy, weakness or that the marriage is a sham. support, stability, happiness and sexual each other. In the later And when, in April, Beyoncé dropped exhilaration. And if it’s not up to the task, years, you fght Lemonade, her gloriously enraged album it’s quicker and cheaper than ever to un- because you do.’ about infdelity, many people assumed subscribe. It’s not clear any relationship that as a feminist she would soon be could overcome that challenge. —JOAN DIDION single. Not so. “Today, choosing to stay

38 TIME June 13, 2016 partner. In addition, their careers make it simpler for them to imagine a life without WHO’S STAYING MARRIED Women tend to stay in their frst marriage WHO’S STILL IN a spouse. They have their own income, a if they get married after the age of 26 and the union is fnancially stable THEIR FIRST MARRIAGE network of friends and associates and AT AGE 46? their own retirement savings. HIGH DIVORCE RATES LOW DIVORCE RATES 69% And when people go home after work, NUMBER OF YEARS MARRIED their networks go with them. Social OF COLLEGE 1 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 44 GRADUATES media has made it much easier to seek 15 support and conversation elsewhere than in a spouse. Conveniently, it has also 20 38% made it much easier to line up a new one OF THOSE WHO DIDN’T if all that not talking takes a toll. “Man is 25 FINISH HIGH SCHOOL basically as faithful as his options,” says noted marriage counselor Chris Rock. 30 Marriages among “No more, no less.” And now, people—of the young often 54% both sexes—feel like they have options founder—they’re 35 OF WHITES, to spare. They can fnd old fames easily. the so-called ASIANS, PACIFIC starter marriages ISLANDERS AND Or they can drop their lure into the vast 40 NATIVE AMERICANS schools of partners in online dating pools. For those who marry after 25, Singledom looks less like murky waters 45 the arrival and departure of 47% and more like limpid ocean. WOMAN’S AGE AT FIRST MARRIAGE AT AGE WOMAN’S kids are often pressure points OF BLACKS All of this would be academic, of 50 course, without a reasonably unob- Marriages to divorced men are less structed route to Splitsville. Divorce 55 51% likely to last (among this age group may feel like a failure but it has lost a lot 58 OF HISPANICS divorce has doubled in 20 years) (CAN BE OF ANY RACE) of stigma, and hassle. Since 2010, every state in the nation has allowed people to leave their spouses without accusing them of anything—and in most states, it when you can leave is the new shame,” be less stable than the frst, but more than doesn’t even require their consent. Me- says relationship therapist Esther Perel. half of them were frst-timers. diators are making divorce cheaper and Beyoncé has plenty of time to change Some demographers have hypoth- less onerous. There are books, TV shows her mind; “until death do us part” is a esized that the reason marriage is most and websites dedicated to the once un- much longer stretch than it used to be. popular among the highly educated is thinkable concept of the good divorce, People can get married, have kids, put that they see it as the optimal way to give what practitioners Gwyneth Paltrow and them through college, retire and still have advantage to their ofspring. Unhappy Chris Martin popularized as “conscious decades of life together ahead of them. couples often split at a later stage because uncoupling.” For some, that’s just way too much time they’ve waited until their kids have left: with the one person with the one set of the empty-nest divorce. But it may be LIFETIME MONOGAMY, as many have stories and gross habits. “Being married that it was the demands of child rearing pointed out, is not a natural state. Very is like sharing a basement with a fellow that frst caused the rift. “If you look at few animals mate for life, and most of hostage; after fve years there are very few time-use studies, all parents are spending those that do are either birds or really ugly of-putting things you won’t know about more time with their children than par- (Malagasy giant rat, anyone?). One theory each other,” writes Tim Dowling in How ents with equivalent resources did de- as to why humans took to monogamy is to Be a Husband. “After 10 years there cades ago,” says University of California at that it strengthens societies by reducing are none.” After 25 years, he might have Santa Barbara demographer Shelly Lund- competition among males. added, you’re ready to put their eyes out. berg. “And at the top end, among college But natural and worthwhile are not the So while divorce rates have been graduates, we’re defnitely at a new level.” same things. Reading isn’t a natural thing dropping among all ages since the 1980s, Children are not merely fed, educated and to do. Neither is painting, snowboarding there’s one exception: older people. sheltered; they are curated or, as family nor coding. Nobody suggests we abandon Divorce rates among this group are up. scholars put it, raised using “concerted any of those. Monogamy also has a certain A report in 2014 found it has doubled cultivation.” energy-saving appeal: it saves humans among people 50 and older in the past two This intensive parenting is made from wasting time and efort on constantly decades; more men over 65 are divorced more complicated when both spouses hunting out new mates or recovering from than widowed. Only a tenth of the people work outside the home, as more do than betrayals by current ones. who divorced in 1990 were over 50. In even 20 years ago. Since the child-care Perhaps because fdelity is quite a 2010, it was 25%. Some of those were in burden is still primarily shouldered by challenge, cheating is less of a deal breaker second or third marriages, which tend to women, they are often the more stressed than popularly imagined. “Surprisingly, 39 a single episode of infdelity was not committed relationships were feeling know: if people get married after about considered to be an automatic end” to more sexually satisfed after 15 years than the age of 26, have college degrees, haven’t the couples Pillemer interviewed, he they were in the frst decade and a half already had kids or gotten pregnant, and says. “But there had to be reconciliation, of the relationship. Another study found are gainfully employed, they tend to stay remorse and often counseling.” that people in their frst marriages had married. If individuals form romantic For those who can stay the course, in- more sex than people in their second. partnerships with individuals who are dicators that a long marriage is worth the John Gottman, one of the nation’s similar to them in values and background, slog continue to mount. Studies suggest leading marriage researchers and they fnd it easier to stay married. And the that married people have better health, educators, reports that older married devout, by a slim but signifcant margin, wealth and even better sex lives than sin- couples tend to behave like younger get divorced slightly less often than gles, and will probably die happier. married couples outside the bedroom too. people for whom faith is not a big deal. Most scholars agree that the benefcial “The surprising thing is that the longer But what’s the trick once you’re health efects are robust: happily married people are together, the more the sense of hitched? It’s hard to do thorough scien- people are less likely to have strokes, kindness returns,” he says. “Our research tifc testing of what actually makes a mar- heart disease or depression, and they is starting to reveal that in later life, your riage work, because of the ethics of ex- respond better to stress and heal more relationship becomes very much like it perimenting with people’s lives, but over quickly. Mostly, the health efects apply was during courtship.” the years, sociologists, psychologists and only for happy marriages, but a study in The biggest disincentive to divorce, therapists have seen patterns emerging. May found that even a bad marriage was however, may be the same as one of the One constant is to avoid contempt at better for men with diabetes. biggest drivers of divorce: kids. Many all costs. By contempt, therapists mean Some of this could be a result of se- sociologists and therapists agree that more than making derogatory remarks lection bias: clinically depressed people kids from what are known as “intact about a partner’s desirability or earning and addicts fnd it difcult to get and stay marriages,” as a whole, do better on most power. It’s also communicated by con- married, so of course fewer married peo- fronts than kids from divorced families, stant interruption, dismissal of their con- ple are depressed or addicted. Some of it unless the marriage is very high-confict. cerns or withdrawal from conversation. could be much more mundane; married (It should be noted that therapists are Contempt, say therapists, sets of a people are more likely to behave respon- clear that some marriages are just too lethal chain reaction. It kills vulnerability, sibly about their health because their toxic to sustain, and if a spouse is in among other things. Vulnerability is lives are more routine and other people physical danger, he or she must leave.) a prerequisite for intimacy. Without need them. Bella DePaulo, a scientist at Not all children of divorce are the walking intimacy, commitment is a grind. the University of California at Santa Bar- wounded their whole lives, but the stats And without commitment, the whole bara, argues that all studies of marriage are not encouraging. enterprise goes pear-shaped. are fawed: “If you want to say that get- Research suggests that in the long term, Alas, contempt’s favorite condition for ting married and staying married is better children of divorced parents are more at breeding is familiarity. And you can’t have for your health than staying single,” she risk of being poor, being unhealthy, having a family without familiarity. says, “then you need to compare the peo- mental illness, not graduating college and How to avoid it? There are two main ple who chose to stay married with those getting divorced themselves. It’s true that antidotes, says Gary Chapman, arguably who chose to stay single. I don’t know of being poor might be the cause of all the the country’s most successful marriage any studies that have done so.” other adversities. Nevertheless, studies therapist—his book The 5 Love Languages It’s also possible, researchers suggest, that have taken income into account still has been on some version of the New York that individuals who share wealth and found that kids from divorced families Times best-seller list for eight straight expenses can aford better health care. face more challenges than those from years. The frst, obvious as it sounds, The couple’s well-being might actually parents who stayed married. is to fgure out what specifcally makes not be due to their marriage but because your partner feel loved. (According to those whose fnances are in order are more THE THINGS WE DON’T KNOW about Chapman, it’s probably one of fve things: likely to get married in the frst place. what keeps people together are legion. words, time, kindly acts, sex or gifts.) Even so, married women’s fnances But here are some of the things we do And the other is to learn to apologize— are generally more robust than divorced properly—and to forgive. Disagreements women’s. “Historically, divorced women are inevitable and healthy, so learning to have had the highest poverty rates among fght fair is essential; resentment is one of all-aged women in the United States,” contempt’s chief co-conspirators. says Barbara Butrica, a labor economist ‘To get the full value Obvious idea that actually works No. 2 at the Urban Institute. is to fnd shared interests, which can help Of course, money isn’t the only of joy, you must ofset the changes that relationships thing women need. There’s also sex. A have somebody to go through. “The most successful 2011 Kinsey Institute study of sexual divide it with.’ couples began to embrace one another’s satisfaction in the U.S., Germany, Spain, interests,” says Pillemer. Since people are Brazil and Japan found that women in —MARK TWAIN staying healthy longer, they can be active

40 TIME June 13, 2016 much longer. “We try to fnd everything △ women. “What men do in a relationship we can think of that we really like to do “Aligning pre-marriage on values is, by a large margin, the crucial factor together,” Jimmy Carter has said, and his about kids, money and sex is key,” that separates a great relationship from 70-year marriage to Rosalynn endured says one expert on long marriages a failed one,” writes Gottman in his new four years in a governor’s mansion, one book, The Man’s Guide to Women. “This presidency, several failed campaigns and analyzed data from three diferent studies doesn’t mean that a woman doesn’t a passion for Trikkes, among other trials. found that sex played an even bigger role need to do her part, but the data proves Another helpful adjustment is to drop than money in happiness. The diference that a man’s actions are the key variable the idea of fnding a soul mate. “We have in life satisfaction between couples who that determines whether a relationship this mythological idea that we will fnd had sex once a week and those who had succeeds or fails.” a soul mate and have these euphoric it less than once a month was bigger than Men are beginning to step up at home feelings forever,” says Chapman. In fact, the diference between those who had an and value work-life balance almost as soul mates tend to be crafted, not found. annual income of $50,000 to $75,000 and much as women. But recent scholarship “There are tens of thousands of people those who had an annual income between has reinforced the value of old-school out there that anyone could be happily $15,000 and $25,000. habits too—having family dinner and say- married to,” says Gottman. “And each Sex, of course, does not occur in a vac- ing thank you actually make a diference. marriage would be diferent.” uum (unless that’s the way both partners The one piece of advice every expert And how do you make a soul mate? like it). Therapists urge couples not to let and nonexpert gives for staying married Practice, practice, practice. Pillemer the kids keep them from going out. “It is perhaps the least useful one for those observed that long-married couples he does not have to be huge swaths of time who are already several years in: choose interviewed always acted as if divorce but bits or chunks,” says Scott Stanley, a well. The cascade of hormones that was not an option. “People really had the co-director of the Center for Marital and rains down on humans when they frst mind-set they wanted to stay married,” Family Studies at the University of Den- fall in love, while completely necessary he says. They regarded their partnership ver. “Even something as simple as taking and wonderful, can sometimes blind as less like buying a new car and more a walk together after dinner.” This is not individuals to their poor choices. like learning to drive. “Marriage is like a time to work out diferences. “When they Therapists suggest you ask friends about discipline,” he says. “A discipline is not should be in fun and friendship mode, your prospective life mate and listen to reaching one happy endpoint.” [some people] switch into problem and them. Aim to fnd someone you know If all that discipline sounds a bit confict mode. Don’t mix modes.” you’ll love even during the periods when dreary, take heart, because the regimen One of the more controversial ideas you don’t like him or her so much. includes bedroom calisthenics. A 2015 therapists are now suggesting is that men And then, cross your fngers. As study found that sex once a week was the need to do more of the “emotional labor” Grunwald puts it in an aphorism that may optimum amount for maximizing marital in a relationship—the work that goes into end up in a future marriage book: “Just

LAUREN FLEISHMAN happiness. The Canadian researchers who sustaining love, which usually falls to pick out a good one and get lucky.” □ 41 NEXT GENERATION LEADERS

A maverick Olympic gymnast. A teenage rock climber. A refugee building bridges across cultures. As its Next Generation Leaders, TIME has selected 10 young men and women from around the globe who are hard at work changing the world

ACTOR, IRELAND Saoirse Ronan A new model for women on stage and screen By Eliana Dockterman

t’s two hours before the curtain goes up, together,” she says. “And I respect that, actually.” ‘You can work and Saoirse Ronan is making a cup of tea in At 22, Ronan is at the forefront of a generation as hard as her cramped dressing room. She ofers me of female actors overturning expectations about possible, but a cup, though thankfully not the “gross” how young women are portrayed in theater, flm if you don’t licorice-favored kind Ronan is drinking to revive and television. Rejecting parts as an ingenue, have a bit her voice before she takes the Broadway stage sidekick or temptress, Ronan has racked up an as Abigail, the manipulative maid at the heart impressive résumé of complex, unpredictable of luck and of Arthur Miller’s play The Crucible. As the Irish characters. She was nominated for her frst someone actor, whose frst name is pronounced Ser-sha, Oscar at age 13 for her role in the wartime who puts searches for her favorite green mug, we discuss drama Atonement as a girl named Briony whose your name how Abigail is traditionally played as a teenage overactive imagination dooms a man’s life. She has forward, you seductress who beguiles the noble John Proctor. since played a child assassin in Hanna, a pastry may not get When the older man later casts out Abigail, she chef who helps break a man out of prison in The anywhere.’ brings the 17th century Massachusetts town of Grand Budapest Hotel and, most recently, an Irish Salem to its knees by accusing Proctor’s wife and immigrant who makes her way to 1950s New others of witchcraft. York in Brooklyn, a starmaking turn that earned At least that’s the way U.S. schools usually Ronan her second Oscar nomination. “Saoirse teach it, I tell her. “I bet it was a male teacher doesn’t have a dishonest bone in her body, and that who told you she was the villain,” she jokes in translates directly into her work, onto the screen,” reply. To Ronan, Abigail is more victim than says her countryman Colin Farrell. victimizer. “She’s usually played quite vampy “It’s important for me to play intelligent and sexual and all that. I wasn’t going to do women, because I think in art, you have a that. I just thought she’s a 17-year-old, quite responsibility to portray real life,” says Ronan. precocious, very smart. But she’s hormonal and “It’s even more important now that there’s emotional because she’s 17, and this older man such a massive shift towards feminism that ▶ Go to time.com/ nextgenleaders to gives her time and attention. As far as she’s men and women see strong, complex women see photographs and concerned, he’s in love with her, she’s in love onscreen.” She also has her own reasons. “I’m watch videos about with him, and she’ll do anything for them to be not being bigheaded, but I’m not a dummy,” the honorees PHOTOGRAPH BY PETER HAPAK FOR TIME NEXT GENERATION LEADERS

she adds. “So I don’t want to play someone back home. But the movie centers on Eilis’ who is a dummy onscreen. It’s just boring.” emotional development, her growth in America Like many women her age, Ronan is learning from a shy girl into a confdent woman, rather to demand what she wants in her career. That than on the familiar drama of a love triangle. she is able to do so with humility may explain For Ronan, it was an ideal introduction her success. Ronan’s parents shielded her from to Irish flm. She had been looking to make a the spotlight as long as possible. Her father Paul, movie in her home country for nearly a decade also an actor, emigrated with Ronan’s mother but couldn’t fnd the perfect ft until Brooklyn Monica from Dublin to New York City in came along. It also helped cure her of the 1980s. Although he was discovered her homesickness. At 19, Ronan left in New York, the family moved back to her parents’ home in Ireland for the Ireland when Ronan was 3 so Paul could frst time to move to London, where fnd more regular acting work. she felt “painfully lonely.” Eilis’ story But it was his camera-loving daughter in Brooklyn, which closely parallels her who began to book larger roles. Even parents’ move to America, resonated as she gravitated toward higher-profle with Ronan. She’s not nearly as projects, her father’s career was a homesick now that she has moved back reminder of the fckle nature of fame. to New York City, but she still talks to “Ma watched Dad lose out on parts or her mother several times a day. “She just star in shows of-of-Broadway and THEATER knows me so well. She can sense when I make buttons [no money]. She watched these Ronan made her have doubt and can bring my attention to it.” really talented people never get the shot they theater debut It was her mother who encouraged Ronan to deserved,” she says. “So they prepared me to be this spring in the make her theatrical debut on the biggest stage realistic. And that’s good, because the moment Broadway revival of in the world, in one of the great plays of the Arthur Miller’s The fame becomes a priority, you should give it up.” Crucible. The play American canon. After watching her father’s Her break came by way of what seemed like has been praised grueling work onstage as a child, Ronan believed a setback. She was cast in 2005 as Michelle by critics and she wouldn’t have the maturity to do a play until Pfeifer’s daughter in a romantic comedy, but received four Tony she was in her early 20s. Even now, performing the flm was never released in theaters. For that nominations. the nearly three-hour Crucible on Broadway has role, though, she had to work closely taken a physical toll—Ronan’s voice is with a dialect coach to master the Valley shot and her body sore. Girl accent. That same dialect coach Broadway has also forced her to had tutored Keira Knightley through remake her acting style. Ronan’s greatest Joe Wright’s adaptation of Pride and weapon as an actor is her silent gaze— Prejudice and was soon to join Knightley calculating in Atonement, mournful yet again on another Wright flm, Atonement. hopeful in Brooklyn. But the last row of “Briony was supposed to be this brown- an audience at a play cannot see Ronan’s haired, brown-eyed, middle-class eyes, so for The Crucible she has worked English girl—she was supposed to look to manifest a chilling glare with her entire like she was related to Keira. But this physical presence. (The New York Times dialect coach suggested me, even though critic Ben Brantley praised Ronan’s ability I was completely wrong for it,” says FILM to be “alternately invisible and radiant Ronan got her frst Ronan, gesturing to her pale skin, freckles and Oscar nomination— with focused intent.”) “You get to a stage where blond hair. “It’s funny, because you can work as at the age of 13—for the play is so part of your body, part of you hard as possible, but if you don’t have a bit of her performance in physically, that a thought will be translated into luck and someone who puts your name forward, 2007’s Atonement. a physical movement just naturally,” she says. you may not get anywhere.” At the time, she was “I can feel myself growing every day, doing this, “too young” to read That frst Oscar nomination went completely the Ian McEwan or at least I hope I can,” she says, searching for over her head—attending the Academy Awards novel the flm was wood to knock on in her dressing room. at age 13 was like “being a part of your favorite based on. Ronan fnds it just as a speaker in her dress- TV show all of a sudden”—but Ronan knew, ing room announces that she must start voice this year, to treasure her second nomination. testing for tonight’s performance. As we walk Still, she was surprised that a small Irish movie down four steep fights of stairs backstage, like Brooklyn found such success. The movie our conversation returns to the play and her had been flmed just miles from her hometown character. “I’m glad you felt bad for Abigail,” in County Carlow. Ronan plays Eilis, an Irish she says. “I don’t want to do what’s expected.” immigrant torn between her Italian-American Which makes us that much more eager to see fancé in New York City and a charming suitor what she’ll do next.

44 TIME June 13, 2016 SOFTWARE DEVELOPER, INDIA Umesh Sachdev Digital translator

Umesh Sachdev builds bridges. Not the physical structures that span rivers but the virtual kind, helping hundreds of millions of people cross the digital divide by harnessing the power of speech. On a 2007 trip around the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, Sachdev and his college friend Ravi Saraogi noticed that while even the poorest households had mobile phones, they could often operate them only well enough to make basic calls. The reason: the phones’ interfaces used the wrong languages for the villagers. (Indians speak an estimated 780 languages and dialects, though only a few, like English and Hindi, are used on phones.) That was the inspiration for Uniphore Software Systems. The startup, based in Chennai (formerly Madras), produces software that allows people to interact with their phones in their native languages. Uniphore’s products—which include a virtual assistant able to process more than 25 global languages and 150 dialects—are being used by nearly 5 million people, mostly in India but also beyond. “Phones can help increase ﬁnancial inclusion or help a farmer get weather information,” says Sachdev, 30. “But CLEAN-WATER CHAMPION, LIBERIA you need a way for people to interact with the technology out there.” With over a billion Saran Kaba Jones mobile-phone subscriptions in India alone, Uniphore is sure to get many more people Quenching a nation’s thirst talking. —Nikhil Kumar When Saran Kaba Jones returned to her native Liberia in 2008, after spending nearly two decades abroad as an ambassador’s daughter, she ‘Phones can help was unprepared for the mayhem wreaked by years of civil war. “I had seen it on TV, but seeing kids on the street, selling snacks to support increase fnancial their families instead of going to school, that made it real,” she says. A inclusion or help a 26-year-old investor with the Singapore Economic Development Board farmer get weather at the time, Kaba Jones thought she could spend a month in country, information.’ launch an educational scholarship fund and leave knowing she had done something for a nation that had nurtured her until she was 7. But the more time she spent on the ground, the more complicated her mission became. “I went thinking education was the solution, but when I talked to people, it was water, water, water,” says Kaba Jones, now 34. Most rural areas had no access to clean running water, and kids were missing school so they could haul water home. So she abandoned her scholarship idea in favor of building systems designed to provide safe access to clean water for rural Liberians. Her organization, FACE Africa, has built 50 systems over the past seven years—and every single one of them is still in use today. “First I had to listen to what people wanted,” she says. “Then I had to fgure out how to make those systems last.” FACE Africa also trains community technicians so repairs can be done quickly and cheaply. Kaba Jones has spent just as much time building up her local staf, so that if she ever wants to move on, FACE Africa can continue without her. “That’s how I’ll know I was successful, when I

THE CRUCIBLE: JAN VERSWEYVELD; ATONEMENT: FOCUS FEATURES/COURTESY EVERETT COLLECTION; KABA JONES: PETER HAPAK FOR TIME; SACHDEV: ILLUSTRATION BY HELLOVON FOR TIME can leave and no one will notice.”—ARYN BAKER 45 NEXT GENERATION LEADERS

PHOTOGRAPH BY JIM NAUGHTEN FOR TIME REFUGEE ACTIVIST, GERMANY/SYRIA Firas Alshater Crossing cultures with laughter

From a distance, Firas Alshater might strike some in his adopted home of Germany as a classic Islamic hard- liner. The Syrian refugee wears a long black beard, shaves his head and speaks with an Arabic accent. But meet him in person or click on one of the YouTube videos that have made him a viral star and you’ll notice the signs of a Berlin hipster—the piercings, the small tattoo on his neck of the word freedom and the handlebar mustache. His comedy is as disarming as his fashion sense. In a nation struggling to integrate more than a million asylum seekers from the Muslim world, Alshater’s videos invite Germans to take a closer look before passing judgment on the new arrivals. “What I try to do is challenge people’s perceptions of refugees,” he says. For his frst video, posted to YouTube in late January, the 25-year- old stood blindfolded on a square in the MODEL, SOUTH KOREA center of Berlin next to a handwritten sign that read, I’M A SYRIAN REFUGEE. Irene Kim I TRUST YOU. DO YOU TRUST ME? HUG ME! After some hesitation, many passersby did just that, and the clip A true role model attracted more than 700,000 views, turning Alshater into a leading voice for Irene Kim doesn’t compromise. Ofered a dream modeling job at age 15, the assimilation of asylum seekers. the Korean American walked out of the contract signing when the Growing up in Damascus, Alshater agency insisted she undergo minor plastic surgery, preferring to work studied theater and dreamed of becom- her way up through the grueling fashion industry on her own terms. ing an actor—until the Syrian revolution Told that dyeing her hair would ruin her career, Kim did it anyway, broke out in 2011. Alshater documented and her scarlet locks became her trademark, inspiring a swarm of the atrocities committed by the Syrian imitators in South Korea. regime. That got him locked up for nine “I’ve always just had this mind-set of being positive and confdent in months, until he fed to Europe with the whatever I do,” says Kim, 28, who grew up in Seattle and moved to South help of a German flmmaker. Korea in her teens. Today that means modeling for the likes of Chanel and For integration to work, Alshater says, Calvin Klein, hosting popular South Korean fashion television shows and, both the natives and the newcomers have since last year, working as an Estée Lauder consultant. A graduate of New to look beyond their frst impressions. York City’s prestigious Fashion Institute of Technology, she has 755,000 “Smiles are the same in every language,” followers on Instagram, where she hopes her lighthearted and honest he says. And if his videos attract enough snapshots can help young people keep beauty in perspective. Eva Chen, of them, he might just inspire Germany head of fashion partnerships for Instagram, says Kim is part of a new to take a closer look at the newly arrived generation of fashion personalities. “Rather than have a ‘you can’t sit with refugees and, eventually, accept them. us’ mentality, they invite their millions of fans to sit with them through

HASISI PARK FOR TIME —SIMON SHUSTER fttings, front rows and more,” Chen says.—CHARLIE CAMPBELL 47 NEXT GENERATION LEADERS

PLAYWRIGHT, ENGLAND Polly Stenham Theater wunderkind

At the age of 19, Polly Stenham was catapulted to fame when her play That Face—the frst thing she ever wrote, she says, other than “terrible poetry”— was discovered in a writing workshop and produced by London’s Royal Court Theatre to widespread acclaim. That Face moved to London’s West ATHLETE, U.S. End and eventually to New York in 2010, winning Stenham a Critics’ Circle Simone Biles Award and three Olivier nominations at a time when her peers were still in Outgoing Olympian college. Ten years on, Stenham has produced a body of work that is the Gymnastics is not a sport that favors longevity. Nor is it one that nurtures free envy of playwrights twice her age, with spirits who veer from the spartan regimen three more London shows. “Starting of training. That’s what makes Simone Biles young made me fearless,” the 29-year- such an anomaly. The 19-year-old Texan old says. “You don’t know how many is the three-time world champion in the ways in which you can fail.” women’s all-around event. She hasn’t lost a competition since 2013, which makes her Her plays grapple with men- the odds-on favorite to continue that streak tal health, family dysfunction and at the Olympics in Rio this summer. middle-class privilege, leading some to She’s been consumed by the sport call her the voice of a particular kind since a day-care ﬁeld trip to a gymnastics of generation—the young and well-of, center as a child. Biles was hooked by the athleticism—and the showmanship. “I love now forced to confront their lives of competing,” she says. “Most athletes get monied entitlement. Her own upbring- intimidated once they see how many fans are ing, as the daughter of a wealthy Uni- out there, but it almost calms me down in a lever director and an artist mother who way because I think of it as a fun way to show sufered with mental illness, gave Sten- off what I’ve been working on.” Her relaxed approach initially surprised ham very personal insight. “At what U.S. women’s national team coordinator point are you accountable for your ac- Martha Karolyi, who worried that Biles was tions, and at what point are you the getting too distracted. “She was like, Tone helpless sum of your past?” she asks. it down a bit,” says Biles. “I don’t think she She has plenty of fans—Girls creator knew that was me in my zone.” That’s why Biles doesn’t focus only on her Lena Dunham among them—but Sten- remarkable record. She’s more interested ham is self-efacing about her achieve- in making sure future gymnasts aren’t ments. She also shows no sign of slow- intimidated by the pressures that can come ing down. She helped write Nicolas with being an elite competitor. “I think I’m Winding Refn’s new psychothriller, The teaching my teammates that they can still be successful while having fun, and enjoying Neon Demon, a hit at Cannes this year, the moment rather than being a stone-cold and is working on an adaptation of The brick,” says Biles. “You can have fun and do Odyssey for Britain’s National Theatre— well. Just let loose a bit.” —Alice Park an epic, but one that embraces her themes of loss and homecoming. If Stenham has learned anything from the past decade, it’s to embrace her self- ‘The gym is my outlet so I doubt and use it to strengthen her re- can get some energy out solve: “I think by just working through because I’m so hyper.’ it, I try to overcome it.”—TARA JOHN

48 TIME June 13, 2016 ILLUSTRATIONS BY HELLOVON FOR TIME; PHOTO REFERENCES: BILES: DAVID J. PHILLIP—AP; WATFORD: DOUG KAPUSTIN ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIVIST, U.S. Destiny Watford Fighting to breathe

Since her senior year of high school, Destiny Watford, now 21, has led a committed group of teenagers in a movement to stop the building of what would have been the largest incinerator on the East Coast in her community’s backyard. They knocked on doors, pressed elected officials and confronted corporate executives until authorities revoked the project’s permit earlier this year. That win brought attention to the problem of air pollution in Curtis Bay—the Baltimore neighborhood Watford calls home—and it landed Watford the prestigious Goldman Environmental Prize. But Watford doesn’t think of herself as an environmentalist first. Her movement is about protecting the human rights of friends, family and neighbors. “People thought our fight to stop the incinerator was a cute after-school hobby,” she says. “It was an act of survival.” Watford isn’t kidding. Curtis Bay’s ZIP code ranks as the most polluted in the state of Maryland, and asthma plagues large swaths of the population. Changing the narrative about the incinerator required the activists to shift the conversation from jobs and tax revenue to the health of young people. “For so long our voice has been taken from us or hindered in some way,” Watford says. “In creating our own narrative, we take the power back.” —Justin Worland

‘People thought our fght to stop the incinerator was a cute after-school hobby. It was an act of survival.’

PHOTOGRAPH BY JIM NAUGHTEN FOR TIME 49 NEXT GENERATION LEADERS

PHOTOGRAPH BY PETER HAPAK FOR TIME ROCK CLIMBER, U.S. Ashima Shiraishi She can scale any obstacle

Ashima Shiraishi rubs her hands with chalk and considers the craggy cave in front of her. It looks as if something huge took a bite out of the Clifs rock- climbing gym in New York City, then studded the surface with shapes placed at impossible distances. But this is just a warm-up for Shiraishi. In seconds, she spiders halfway up the wall. Then she’s dangling overhead, somehow upside down, somehow by one hand. Mouths hang open. Everyone is looking up. At age 15, Shiraishi is the best female rock climber in the world. Give her time to fnish high school and she just might become the greatest climber—man or woman—of all time. Shiraishi started climbing at age 6, scrabbling up boulders in New York’s Central Park. By age 8, she was setting records as the youngest person ever to complete climbs around the world, and GEOLOGIST, ITALY only a few years later she was snatching world titles. In March, she became the Francesco Sauro only female climber ever to conquer a boulder with a grade of V15—just one Exploring inner space rating down from the toughest. At the gyms where Shiraishi now practices, For generations, indigenous tribes in Venezuela believed there were everyone recognizes her climbing style caverns hidden in a tabletop mountain called the Auyán-tepuí. (The and supernatural sense of calm. word tepuí means “the house of the gods.”) For explorer Francesco “In climbing, gender really doesn’t Sauro, who investigates some of the most remote undiscovered caves—in matter,” Shiraishi says. “You’re just places ranging from Brazil, Venezuela and Mexico to Russia, Uzbekistan facing the wall. Even if you’re bigger and the Philippines—fnding these caverns was a sacred experience. or smaller than someone, you’re In March 2013, after a two-decade search by assorted other tackling the same thing. It’s just geologists, Sauro’s team fnally located a major cave system there, now your determination and focus and known as Imawarì Yeuta, using satellite imagery and aerial surveys. dedication, and that’s what makes Inside they found an untouched world, with vivid violet lakes and you stronger.” minerals that had crystallized in the shape of vast eggs and mushrooms. While others look down when they “We were the frst new creatures there for millions of years,” he says. “I climb, checking their work, Shiraishi was dreaming about it for months afterward.” dances on the wall in geometric designs, The 31-year-old has become one of the most renowned explorers of improvising patterns when she exhausts his generation. He hopes studying these ancient preserved worlds will the hundreds that are set by the gym. help us understand the origins of life. “The world is revealed by these “When I climb, I’m doing what I love caves,” he says. “Below the surface is a dark continent, which is mostly to do,” she says. “I feel like a leader of unknown but needs to be preserved and considered. As humans, we myself, not a leader of a sport.” need to start to think of the planet as not just what is on the surface. In

JIM NAUGHTEN FOR TIME —MANDY OAKLANDER caves we can fnd hints of the origins of life.”—MATT SANDY 51

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TELEVISION O.J.: Made in America explores why the Juice couldn’t set himself loose By Daniel D’Addario

ORENTHAL JAMES SIMPSON, THE man at the center of ESPN’s fve- part documentary O.J.: Made in America, was great at two things in particular: running and wanting. On the football feld, Simpson was a genius of evasion. His deftness at avoiding opponents made him the frst man ever to rush for 2,000 yards in an NFL season. After his retirement in 1979, he turned to comedy flms, Hertz ads and sideline commentary as a way to pursue material success and respect from white America. It’s this quest that defned Simpson’s career in the years before his trial for the 1994 murders of his estranged wife Nicole Brown Simpson and Ron Goldman. O.J. takes us from Simpson’s early stardom at the University of Southern California—a mostly white bubble foating above the racial unrest of the 1960s, where he marked the turbulent year of 1968 with a Heisman Trophy win—to his NFL years with the Bufalo Bills and San Francisco 49ers. Later, as a former athlete and newly minted media personality, he jumped Los Angeles’ racial divide, residing in luxe Brentwood. A former CEO of Hertz recalls getting Simpson into an exclusive country club: “They Simpson in 1967. He played running back at USC after getting his loved him, because he just ft in.” start at a community college in his hometown, San Francisco His current incarceration for PHIL BATH—SPORTS ILLUSTRATED BATH—SPORTS PHIL 53 Time Of Reviews

TIME a 2007 armed robbery— PICKS sentenced to 33 years, he is eligible for parole next year— bookends the flm, which is a tragedy several times over. MOVIES There’s the horrible fact of The documentary two deaths—O.J. is unam- De Palma (June 10) biguous in its position that offers an intimate por- trait of Brian De Palma, Simpson committed the director of classics like murders of which he was Carrie and Scarface, acquitted—but the docu- and the flm industry mentary is most interested he helped shape for in its subject’s belief that he half a century. had transcended race. In an interview unearthed by director Ezra Edelman, Simpson describes a character he’d wanted to play in the period The Simpsons celebrate at their 1985 wedding flm Ragtime: “Here was a black man at a time when you were supposed to know you were black.” If Simpson also ing with a verdict. O.J. ofers is all the more chilling in light △ spoke for himself, he was get- great insight into the case, of what we’ve seen. In 2006, MUSIC ting ahead of the story. including the claim by Simp- he starred in a Punk’d-style On Strange Little Birds Edelman, who directed the son’s agent that Simpson en- reality show called Juiced, (June 10), the sixth Peabody-winning basketball sured the famous glove would then attempted to publish album from grunge documentary Magic & Bird: not ft by refusing to take his the cynically conceived mem- rockers Garbage, A Courtship of Rivals, skill- arthritis medicine. But this oir If I Did It. He was arrested front woman Shirley Manson sings brooding fully depicts the crucial irony is less a crime story than a for armed robbery less than a songs about a navel- of Simpson’s acquittal. He got character study of a man who year later and has been locked gazing society oblivious of, the flm argues, thanks to craved attention and found up ever since. to greater concerns. the wariness of law enforce- more than he ever imagined. Simpson comes across, BOOKS ment shared by people for Edelman is a gifted ultimately, as a cipher. He’s Stephen King con- whom he’d never previously curator, cutting together far from alone in his pursuit cludes his Bill Hodges had time—African-American interviews—with subjects of fame—during his robbery trilogy with the frightful PRESS/REDUX FLOYD—CAMERA CHRIS CLINE: TBS; TRIBECA: ANGIE FILMS; ESPN SIMPSON: BROWN AND SIMPSON Angelenos just three years including former prosecu- trial, Clark turns up working End of Watch, in which removed from the acquittal tor Marcia Clark and two trial as a reporter for Entertain- the retired detective delves into a new of the police ofcers who beat jurors—and footage from ment Tonight. But Simpson, case linked to the evil Rodney King. Once freed, Simpson’s life. One clip shows who had run from San Fran- mastermind he thought Simpson tried, and failed, to a postrelease Simpson, near cisco public housing all the he had neutralized. rejoin Brentwood society. Of incoherent, yelling at a televi- way to Brentwood, sought to ▽ he went to the golf courses sion about his persecution by fll a diferent void. TELEVISION of Florida and to Las Vegas, district attorney Gil Garcetti. And he still does. Shown Rashida Jones returns to TBS for a second seeking approval he couldn’t He can’t fathom what has in a meeting with supervisors season of Angie fnd in the familiar places. happened to him except by at Nevada’s Lovelock Correc- Tribeca (June 6); Angie Simpson’s story—ignited framing it as a conspiracy. tional Center, Simpson ex- gets back to work after at the intersection of race, What becomes of Simpson plains that he’s been on good emerging from the gender and celebrity—is rich behavior, working as a jani- coma that knocked her off duty at the end of territory and was already tor and helping coach prison the previous season. re-examined on television ‘All of a sudden, sports teams. With a smile, this year. But O.J. (which was the system has he says, “I like to say we won briefy released in theaters forced me to the championship.” □ to qualify for the Oscars) look at things is no rehash. FX’s brilliant racially.’ O.J.: MADE IN AMERICA The People v. O.J. Simpson: premieres June 11 on ABC at O.J. SIMPSON, during his American Crime Story hewed 1995 trial for murder 9 p.m. E.T. and continues on to the criminal trial, begin- June 14, 15, 17 and 18 at 9 p.m. ning with a murder and end- E.T. on ESPN

54 TIME June 13, 2016 BOOKS older brother, has run away A cult Cline from home. Her best friend scored a has iced her out because of coming-of- $2 million the aforementioned crush. advance Without the bulwark of fam- age debut The for ily and friends that populate Girls By Eliana Dockterman happier coming-of-age tales, Evie is exposed. In waltzes EMMA CLINE!S DEBUT Suzanne, a mysterious, novel, The Girls, depicts the raven-haired cult member adolescent longings and with whom Evie immediately frustrations of Evie Boyd, a becomes obsessed. Their ro- 14-year-old who gets sucked mance is the most delightful into a Manson-family-like part of the narrative. cult in 1969 California. Led Indeed, Suzanne out- by a charming but talentless shines the one-dimensional middle-aged hippie named Russell, which makes it all Russell, the cult consists the more confusing when largely of women desperate she submits to his mad rav- for love who fnd comfort ings. Cline creates a world not only in Russell’s arms but of binaries: women are sus- also in those of their sisters. ceptible to the manipulation “To be part of this amor- of men, and men are ever on phous group [meant] believ- the brink of violence. The ing love could come from any dynamic is set in motion direction. So you wouldn’t be when Russell frst meets Evie disappointed if not enough and calls her “Eve, the frst came from the direction you woman.” We wait for Rus- hoped,” Evie observes. sell, the snake, to ofer an When the cult’s prac- ballads that turn women apple. Evie has similar inter- tices take a gruesome turn, into objects of lust, Cline ‘The thing actions with other men. She it’s enthralling to trace the uses Evie to simply state her about being a later remarks, “I should have transformation of seemingly thesis: “I wondered later if young woman, known that when men warn independent women to lem- this was why there were so at least in my you to be careful, often they mings. Cline, 27, has said she many more women than men experience, are warning you of the dark wrote the book in a sort of at the ranch. All that time I was that you movie playing across their fever dream over the course had spent readying myself, were made into own brains.” It’s a reduc- of three months while bur- the articles that taught me this object so tive gender dynamic. But it’s rowed away in a converted life was really just a wait- early on.’ easy to forgive the frst-time garden shed in Brooklyn. ing room until somebody novelist who otherwise does And it reads that way in the noticed you—the boys had EMMA CLINE, speaking to a compelling job of tapping best sense, as one singular spent that time becoming Vogue about The Girls into the psyche of women fowing thought told from themselves.” pushed to the edge. the perspective of a now Evie’s sentiments are Calamity arrives when middle-aged Evie. familiar: Judy Blume’s hor- these put-upon women While the cult’s nefari- monal heroines also yearn release their pent-up rage, ous acts keep pages fipping, for adult bodies, adult expe- though they aim it in the Cline’s attention is trained riences and the attentions wrong direction. The im- on the women who are con- of adult men, thanks to pop pulse, if not the actions, will ditioned to want nothing but culture. But unlike Blume’s ring true for every woman to please men. It’s a percep- girls, who tend to be buoyed who has at some point buried tive societal critique, but one by a best friend or a sym- her fury when a man has con- Cline makes rather unsubtly. pathetic relative, Evie fnds descended to her or asserted Instead of showing how herself alone. Her parents his dominance. Cline would Evie accedes to magazines have divorced and become have us believe that only that instruct on the perfect preoccupied with their new chance decides whose emo- makeup application needed mates. Her crush, who hap- tions will boil over and whose to catch a man and radio pens to be her best friend’s will merely simmer. □ 55 Time Of Music

REVIEW Sisters Tegan and Sara have Chance the undergone an Rapper colors ’80s makeover outside lines CHANCE THE RAPPER HAS been called the next Kanye West, and it’s easy to see why: they’re both Chicago rappers with ambition to spare. But it might be unfair to Chance, whose new mix- tape Coloring Book, released exclusively on Apple Music, is a joyful pastiche of gospel and hip-hop that marks him as one of his generation’s most exciting artists. West himself, who appears alongside the Chicago Children’s Choir on the album’s frst track, “All We Got,” tweeted that Coloring Book was a REVIEW “masterpiece.” Pop’s coolest sister act taps Like any kid from the South Side, Chance (real into a John Hughes refrain name: Chancelor Bennett) is eager to brag about his AS A PITCH, TEGAN AND SARA SOUNDS LIKE AN ACT FATED hometown in ways that are for mainstream stardom: photogenic identical twin sis- observant and slyly politi- ters from Canada who write scratchy, infectious songs cal: “I got my city doing front about heartbreak. Yet since the duo’s formation in 1995, the ‘Guitars are fips/ When every father, sisters—that’s Tegan and Sara Quin, 35—have worked mostly just over for mayor, rapper jumps ship,” on the fringes of pop, earning a devoted following for their me. For me! he croons on “Angels,” in a sweet harmonies, intimate lyrics and LGBT advocacy. (Both I’m not making nod to Rahm Emanuel. But women are openly gay.) It wasn’t until their seventh album, a statement Chance praises God above 2013’s Heartthrob, that they teamed up with producer Greg like, “Guitars all else, and he shines when Kurstin—who has worked with Adele and Pink—to inject a the political and spiritual in- dance-pop bounce into their songs. For the frst time, they are dead!”’ tersect. On “Blessings,” he broke through with a Hot 100 single, “Closer,” earning the SARA QUIN, on her new raps, “Jesus’ black life ain’t highest-charting record of their career almost two decades sound, to TIME in April matter/ I know, I talk to his after they launched. Since then, they’ve toured with Katy daddy.” It’s the type of audac- TEGAN AND SARA: PAMELA LITTKY; CHANCE THE RAPPER: GETTY IMAGES GETTY RAPPER: THE CHANCE LITTKY; PAMELA SARA: AND TEGAN Perry, performed with Taylor Swift during her 1989 tour and ity that makes rappers into opened for Lady Gaga. superstars.—NASH JENKINS Their new album Love You to Death, out June 3, is a contin- uation of the sound that buoyed them to higher levels of visibility, with ’80s-referencing production that’s aligned with the best pop of the present. “Faint of Heart” sounds trans- ported from a John Hughes movie, with crashing synths and giant hooks, and the sparkly sing-along refrain of “Stop De- sire” has radio written all over it. Yet there’s a progressive sen- sibility at work that ficks at their indie roots. The nervy lead single “Boyfriend,” with hand claps and bright percussion, is about a love afair with a sexually confused girl; on “BWU,” Chance the Rapper they storm the marriage-industrial complex with the roar- follows in the ing chorus “I don’t need a white wedding.” Even as pop stars, Chicago footsteps they’re still a little rock ’n’ roll. —SAM LANSKY of Kanye West

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At this point, Simon has Simon’s latest so internalized his various involved West incarnations that it sounds African guitars, completely natural to hear his a famenco deadpan vocal delivery un- troupe and an derpinned by West African Italian DJ guitars, the staccato thump of famenco cajón and samples from an Italian DJ named Clap! Clap! Not to mention the occasional layer of hand- built instruments, such as a Chromelodeon and Har- monic Canon, from the collection of atonal composer Harry Partch. The album is neither an experiment nor a huge departure. It is a crystal- lization that sounds exactly like Simon—and utterly unlike anyone else. Like a diminishing handful of his septuagenarian pop peers, Simon continues to embrace risks. “I like that mystery—that’s what keeps me writing,” he says. “You’re PROFILE still always starting with a Paul Simon is still hooked on blank page, and you don’t know how to begin. The mys- mystery for essential new set tery is so beguiling. If you By Isaac Guzmán get it right, you really get a big rush of dopamine in your PAUL SIMON IS PLEASED THAT HIS NEW ALBUM, STRANGER brain. Then you’re hooked, to Stranger, kicks of with a string of wry takes on our new and you get it again.” gilded age. In “The Werewolf,” a wealthy Milwaukee man has Much of Simon’s new work been murdered by his “fairly decent wife,” and now they’re touches on exclusion and loss: both out shopping for a “fairly decent afterlife.” Meanwhile, “Wristband” rifs on a story the insatiably privileged are all elbows at a fast-food joint: about a singer locked out of They “eat all the nuggets/ Then they order extra fries.” A reck- his own show to evoke all peo- △ oning is due, in the form of a hungry beast howling in the hills. A LAST ‘LULLABY’ ple denied access to the good “It’s about the situation that we’re in and what seems to Harry Partch disciple life, and two songs touch upon be coming our way,” Simon tells TIME. “One way or another, Dean Drummond died of the trials of a schizophrenic, the werewolf is coming. There’s a line about the ‘ignorance cancer two months after poetry-writing “street angel.” and arrogance in the national debate.’ We’ve been in that playing his hand-built Even the prettiest songs are zoomoozophone on debate for years. But it also has the jokes, which I like.” He’s “Insomniac’s Lullaby” laced with pathos. The album particularly proud of fnding a use for a lyric he’d long kept in concludes with “Insomni- a notebook: “The fact is most obits are mixed reviews/ Life is ac’s Lullaby,” a transcendent a lottery/ A lot of people lose.” waltz-time ballad that recalls At 74, Simon is on a creative upswing unmatched by most the melancholy counterpoint artists half his age. Stranger to Stranger is the third (and most of “Old Friends” or “Ameri- efective) in a string of albums that represent his best work can Tune.” In a typically droll since 1990’s The Rhythm of the Saints. It is sad, funny, beau- Simon twist, he reassures tiful and endearingly human—qualities that listeners frst us, “We’ll eventually all fall detected back in 1964 in his frst album with Art Garfunkel. asleep.” He’s also talking about Depending on how one divvies up his career’s phases, Simon the big sleep, the dirt nap, the is amid his ffth or sixth reinvention, yet Stranger to Stranger deep six—a fate to which his

ILYA S. SAVENOK—GETTYILYA IMAGES may be the most essentially “Paul Simon” album to date. artistry has yet to succumb. □ 59 Time Of Movies

REVIEW Andy Samberg puts the pale pop in Popstar, 4real

THE APPEAL OF ANDY SAMBERG IS THAT HE NEVER APPEARS to be trying too hard. His comedy is the of-the-cuf, vaguely nerdy kind, a grownup—but not too grownup—version of improvisational horsing around in the parental basement. Hightower was 10 when she With his writing and performing partners Jorma Taccone flmed The Fits and Akiva Schafer—the trio known as the Lonely Island— he now brings us Popstar: Never Stop Never Stopping, a faux ‘We’d been REVIEW documentary chronicling the high highs and low lows of talking Adolescence Samberg’s Conner4Real, a former boy-band star whose frst about this solo album meets with success, only to be followed by another new genre of is a mystery that tanks. What could have gone wrong? He took care to movie, the in The Fits include a pro-gay-marriage anthem (punctuating every other pop line with the words not gay, just to make sure his listenership umentary SOMETIMES IT TAKES A didn’t get the wrong idea), and he enlisted 100 producers for ... It’s a small flm to tackle big but 17 tracks. Nothing exceeds like excess. glossier subtle ideas, like the role Conner doesn’t sufer alone: his ex-bandmates, played version of the mystical in everyday by Taccone and Schafer (also the movie’s directors), are of a rock life. In Anna Rose Holmer’s foundering too. Together, the three wheel through absurd documentary.’ The Fits, Cincinnati preteen gags that shouldn’t work and somehow make them sing, giving Toni (played by Royalty ANDY SAMBERG, in the movie a loose, joyous energy. (The large roster of star Entertainment Weekly, Hightower, a newcomer cameos, including Questlove, DJ Khaled and Mariah Carey, on the Lonely Island’s whose face holds the camera doesn’t hurt.) Samberg’s Conner swaggers through it all, but inspiration for Popstar with unguarded intensity) he never lets us forget he’s just an overtattooed white guy seems headed to becoming riddled with self-doubt. Even his excessive indoor pastiness, a boxer, like her older possibly the result of spending all that time in the studio with brother. But she really longs those 100 producers, is funny, and Samberg, at heart a pasty to be part of a dance troupe indoor person himself, knows it.—STEPHANIE ZACHAREK that rehearses at the same community center where she trains. After her workouts, she peers wistfully through Samberg whoops it the narrow window of the up in Popstar gym where young women perfect their elaborate routines. They’re older than she is, which is part of the draw—the world of feminine power and beauty that they represent calls out to her. But shortly after she joins the troupe, the women begin sufering intense, enigmatic fainting spells, or fts. Are these an afiction, or possibly an initiation into a state of grace? Holmer doesn’t answer that question outright, and her flm, both intimate and bracingly cinematic, is better for it. The Fits rifs on the power and mystery of adolescent beauty, and on the joy of what it means to move. —S.Z.

60 TIME June 13, 2016 QUICK TALK Emilia Clarke The charm ofensive of Clafin and Clarke: Clarke, 29, may be the ferce Khaleesi, get ready to weep Mother of Dragons, on Game of Thrones, but she’s much bubblier in her new movie, Me Before You (out June 3), based on the best-selling novel. In it she plays Lou, an aide turned love interest to wealthy quadriplegic Will (Sam Clafin). What drew you to this character? She just felt so much like me. I like people, I like laughter, I like joy. Crazily, I’m known for playing someone who’s the opposite. [Khaleesi] never smiles.

Did you feel pressure to please the book’s fans? I’ve made naive choices to take on roles that are beloved—Thrones, Terminator, Breakfast at Tifany’s. For better or worse, I’ve worked really hard REVIEW to please the fans. For the frst time, Me Before You: a three-hankie with this one, I read it and was like, “I’ve got this. I know her.” dose of charm and waterworks

How do you handle criticism? With SOME TEARJERKERS ARE BRISKLY “live life to the fullest,” which, in Game of Thrones, I feel more pressure efective at getting the waterworks the movie’s terms, means doing the bigger it gets. Every season, I’m going, though not in a way that’s manly-man, rich-dude-at-leisure like, “Don’t let this be the season I f-ck lastingly cathartic. Me Before things like performing daredevil it up.” I’m reading and researching. I You—adapted by Jojo Moyes waterskiing feats and diving of watch as many strong female leaders as from her enormously popular impossibly high clifs into the surf I can. Season 1, I got obsessed with Cate novel and directed by frst-timer below. Now stuck in a wheelchair Blanchett in Elizabeth. Then I decided Thea Sharrock—is that kind of and essentially a prisoner in the to watch Tilda Swinton in everything picture, a harmless enough entry family castle, William is sour and she did. I follow current afairs to try in the “adorable mite tames miserable and wishes to die. to understand where power comes surly masculine beast” romantic- Until Lou comes skipping from. Trump’s a hoot for that—all that weeper genre, hitting all the right down the lane. At frst, William self-confdence. I’ll watch speeches by beats with the clink of an expertly resists her sunny disposition and leaders in languages I don’t speak, and I struck cowbell. wardrobe of sweaters adorned with see if I can understand what they’re Game of Thrones’ Emilia hearts. But her charm assault is saying just based on the delivery Clarke, looking and sounding less formidable, and it’s not long before and try to emulate that. like a mother of dragons than the this former crosspatch is bestowing kind of winsome cartoon mouse kooky gifts, like whimsical You’re known as a prankster. who uses a polka-dot toadstool bumblebee legwear, upon his lady Did you pull any on the set of Me for an umbrella, plays Lou, a love. In terms of bending men to Before You? It all began with a young Englishwoman who her will, Lou may not be so far of Khaleesi bobblehead doll that has deferred her dreams from Khaleesi after all. I was given. I mislaid it and of going to college—she If you can tolerate this much blamed Sam. Then I found it needs to work to keep cuteness, Clarke and Clafin and planted it in his bag. He her family afoat. may grow on you—their banter held it ransom, so I put a fart In desperation, becomes less adorably unbearable machine in his wheelchair. she takes a job as as the flm goes on. And the bitter- Then Sam stole all the caretaker to a man sweet ending of Me Before You furniture out of my room, who has recently been may make you cry, even if an hour so I put fsh in his socks, paralyzed in an accident. later you may not remember why. because I couldn’t think of William (The Hunger Cheerful and efcient, this is the anything else to do. Games’ Sam Clafin) used to be stripey tights of melodramas.

POPSTAR: UNIVERSAL; THE FITS: OSCILLOSCOPE LABORATORIES; CLARKE: GETTY IMAGES; ME BEFORE YOU: WARNER BROS. —ELIANA DOCKTERMAN one of those guys who would —S.Z. 61 Time Of PopChart

A new Winnie-the-Pooh story celebrates the 90th A new site, BibleEmoji.com, birthdays of the beloved translates Scripture from the bear as well as Queen King James Bible into emojis. Elizabeth II, with a cameo by a boy who resembles Prince George. EMOJIS, GALLERY: TWITTER; CAPTAIN AMERICA: MARVEL/DISNEY; ALLIGATOR: YOUTUBE; LA FORGE, RIHANNA, ROWLING, SKRILLEX, BIEBER, PERRY: GETTY IMAGES GETTY PERRY: BIEBER, SKRILLEX, ROWLING, RIHANNA, FORGE, LA YOUTUBE; ALLIGATOR: MARVEL/DISNEY; AMERICA: CAPTAIN TWITTER; GALLERY: EMOJIS, SUNGLASSES: DIOR; FRIEDMAN, WHEEL OF FORTUNE: CBS; LAMB: METABOOK; WINNIE-THE-POOH: MARK BURGESS—AP; NITRO COLD BREW: STARBUCKS; BIBLE STARBUCKS; BREW: COLD NITRO BURGESS—AP; MARK WINNIE-THE-POOH: METABOOK; LAMB: CBS; FORTUNE: OF WHEEL FRIEDMAN, DIOR; SUNGLASSES:

Rihanna collaborated Jeopardy! and Wheel on a line of futuristic of Fortune executive sunglasses with Dior producer Harry Friedman Best-selling author that are inspired by a set a Guinness World Wally Lamb will character from Star Trek: Record for producing release his new The Next Generation. more than 11,128 game- novel, I’ll Take You show episodes. There, as an app ﬁrst, two days before paper and digital editions. Starbucks is putting coffee on tap with ▷ its new Nitro Cold LeVar Burton ◁ Brew, a beverage as Geordi La The singer is the company says Forge a Dior brand infuses nitrogen into ambassador slow-steeped java. LOVE IT TIME’S WEEKLY TAKE ON WHAT POPPED IN CULTURE LEAVE IT

Two San Jose, Calif., teens Justin Bieber pranked and Skrillex are visitors at an being sued by art gallery by Katy Perry’s Twitter singer-songwriter leaving a pair account—the largest Casey Dienel for of glasses in the world, with alleged copyright on the ﬂoor; 89 million followers— infringement on people thought was hacked. “Sorry”; the duo have it was art. denied the claim.

‘Hydra?!?!?’ —Chris Evans, reacting to Marvel’s announcement “If it doesn’t, we’ll be that Captain America is— checking your vital signs.” and always has been— —J.K. Rowling on Twitter, an undercover agent after a fan asked if for former Nazi organization Hydra. An enormous alligator that eyewitnesses upcoming play Harry Potter estimated at 15 ft. long was flmed roaming and the Cursed Child would a golf course in Palmetto, Fla. make him cry.

62 TIME June 13, 2016 By Daniel D’Addario, Cady Lang and Megan McCluskey Essay The Pursuit of Happy-ish

On politically correct language: don’t knock it ’til you try it By Susanna Schrobsdorf

MY DAUGHTER CAME HOME FROM A SEMESTER AT A SMALL liberal-arts college with a new vocabulary—the kind that pundits like to mock these days. Words like microaggression, intersectionality, trigger warning, nonbinary and cisgender migrated from her campus right into my living room. Now if I phrase something in some outdated way, misassign a she or a he, I get groans of indignation or looks of pity. Sometimes it They greet each new arrival with a compliment, and feels like navigating a feld of verbal IEDs: one false step and everyone responds with an outrageous denial. “I’m you’ve inadvertently invalidated a segment of the population like a size 100 now,” says one in response to admiring you hadn’t even considered before. comments about her dress. “I paid like $2 for it. It’s It’s easy to view this word policing as a superfcial probably made of old Burger King crowns.” When the indulgence of kids with not enough to worry about. But if I’ve very last woman arrives and someone says something learned anything from child rearing, it’s that things you made nice to her about what she’s wearing, she just says, fun of yesterday will feel normal, and perhaps even essential, “Thanks.” Every other woman explodes (literally) in tomorrow. Like gluten-free cupcakes, Chuck E. Cheese’s shock. Even with body positivity becoming a veritable birthday parties, stroller cup holders and yoga for 6-year-olds movement, it seems as if we still haven’t learned to (or yoga in general). The truth is, you will become your own take a compliment. most dreaded cliché eventually, so it’s best not to fght it. You could say this school year has been an education for SURE, MY KID MAKES A VALID ARGUMENT when she me too. What seemed like over-the-top political correctness says that talking about looks at all, positively or not, from the young ones at Thanksgiving doesn’t feel as awkward helps feed the sexism that is nowhere near abating. lately. As the debate over bathroom rights spreads, so does Even the new rallying cry of “I’m beautiful the way this new vocabulary. And I’ve learned as much from the lan- I am” still calls attention to how we look, still using guage my kid has given up as I have from what she’s adopted. “beautiful” as the goal. Nor has all that feel-good When she told me that her co-op dorm had proposed a ban talk changed most of the culture. For every plus-size on any comments regarding bodies and appearance—even model on the cover of a magazine, there’s a dating app something nice—I almost laughed. “So wait, you can’t say, where you swipe left on the basis of only a photo or ‘Hey, you look great,’ to someone?” I asked. Nope, said daugh- there’s another “perfect” Kardashian seminude selfe ter: “There’s a risk of it being damaging or hurtful or inviting labeled as empowering. comparison, even if it’s complimentary.” Even so, I think that banishing all body talk or insisting that it be nothing but positive risks shutting MY FIRST THOUGHT was that by banning all appearance down an important conversation about the often talk from conversation, these girls would also eradicate a startling and bewildering and profound changes the fundamental building block of female relationships. It is, after female body goes through from puberty to pregnancy all, a ritual for women of some generations to greet each other to menopause. Experiencing all that alone, without with a furry of compliments that are immediately countered any commiseration, would be a drag. with corresponding self-deprecating jokes. It’s like a mutual- I still haven’t quite been able to convince my daugh- disarmament pact where you ofer up a vulnerability and ter of this. She admonishes me when I howl about the other person reciprocates. It conveys humility, defuses some new indignity of aging. She thinks I should nascent competition and can make you feel as if you have embrace the whole process, let my hair go gray and something in common with a woman you’ve just met. You’re stop whining about the whole spare-tire thing. Don’t symbolically baring your tender underbelly and sometimes give in to patriarchal standards! She’s right, of course. actually baring it to convey solidarity. I should set a more enlightened example. I’ll try to do But all that self-deprecation can veer into the absurd. better, get with the new program. But I’m also looking Amy Schumer blasted this very bad habit in a recent skit. forward to when she’s my age, because there’s nothing

ILLUSTRATION BY JULIETTE BORDA FOR TIME A group of young women are meeting up on a street corner. like experience to muck up your ideals. □ 63 13 Questions

Mary Barra The CEO and chair of General Motors believes in speed, self-driving cars and not deciding too early who should be President

As CEO, you steered GM through The Chevy Volt was a much admired the safety recall and litigation over partly electric car, but GM sold fewer the ignition switches. Is there any- than it hoped. How will you measure thing you would do diferently now? the success of the new all-electric There are always things you would Bolt? Do you have a number? We don’t. change on the margin, but generally I’m We believe that when you have over very proud of the way we lived our val- 200 miles of electric range, it erases ues as we managed through the recall. range anxiety for most cases. We think that for the frst time, at an afordable GM recently ofered payments to level, this might be the car that is a per- ‘If you do every job owners of some large SUVs. Why? son’s only vehicle. like you’re going We found that there had been a data to do it for the error in the way that we calculated the What is on your blue-sky list? My goal fuel economy on the labels of the GMC is for General Motors to lead in safe rest of your life, Acadia, the Buick Enclave and the autonomous driving. that’s when you Chevrolet Traverse. So although this get noticed.’ wasn’t a safety issue, when we found an Are you concerned about rumors error, we raised it and are fxing it. of an Apple Car? We assume that any companies that are rumored to be Can you explain the investment doing it are probably going to. What in Lyft, a ride-share company that we focus on is leading the technology wants fewer cars on the road? and integrating that technology into a At a very high level going forward, vehicle that delights the customer. General Motors wants to help people get from point A to point B, whether it’s So when you wake up in the morning, their traditional owner-driver model, what are your frst thoughts? I spend sharing, or in the future, I’m confdent a lot of early mornings thinking about it will be in autonomous [vehicles]. executing our plan quickly. The big thing I worry about is speed. Your association with GM goes back to childhood, since your dad was a Speaking of which, have you ever diemaker there. At some point did gotten a ticket? Just a couple. Noth- you say, “O.K., I’m going to aim to ing excessive. It was more in that be CEO”? I never had a fve- or 10- fve-mile range. year plan to become the CEO of the company. I always wanted to contrib- Who would you like to see as the next ute fully in the role I was in. If you do U.S. President? I really have not made every job like you’re going to do it for up my mind yet. We aren’t even through the rest of your life, that’s when you ofcially knowing who are the two can- get noticed. didates running.

Do you see younger female ex- Is there anybody you would ecutives making mistakes you rule out? There is still so much wish you could warn them about? to learn. The biggest message I have for young women is, Don’t start cutting of Do your kids treat you branches of your career tree unneces- diferently now that sarily early. Sometimes women say, I you’re Fortune’s most know I want to have a family or play in powerful woman in MARCO GROB—TRUNK the local symphony, and they start pull- America? No, they re- ing themselves out of their career path. mind me that my most im- You don’t have to take yourself out of portant job is mom in their the running before you even start. eyes. —BELINDA LUSCOMBE