DOCSLIB.ORG

Rod-Shaped Nuclear Viruses of Crustaceans: Gut-Infecting Species

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Rod-Shaped Nuclear Viruses of Crustaceans: Gut-Infecting Species DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS Published October 18 - Dis. aquat. Org. Rod-shaped nuclear viruses of crustaceans: gut-infecting species Phyllis T. ~ohnson',Donald V. ~ightner~ ' National Marine Fisheries Service, Northeast Fisheries Center, Oxford, Maryland 21654, USA * University of Arizona, Environmental Research Laboratory, 2601 E. Airport Drive, Tucson, Arizona 85706,USA ABSTRACT: There are 6 baculovirus-related nuclear viruses known to attack the hepatopancreatic epithelium of decapod crustaceans, including penaeid shrimp, brachyuran crabs, and anomuran crabs. Four of the 6 viruses are nonoccluded. One of the occluded species is accepted as a member of the Baculoviridae by the International Commission on Taxonomy of Viruses. The 4 available gut-infecting crustacean viruses are described and all 6 are compared to each other and to viruses from insects and arachnids that share some similar characteristics. Morphological similarities, including among others the presence of a truly cyhdrical nucleocapsid, a unilateral subapical envelope expansion, and a tail- like appendage that arlses from the nucleocapsid and is reflexed withln the envelope expansion, indicate that the crustacean viruses are related to one another. In morphological and some developmen- tal attributes, the crustacean vlruses, including the occluded species, show affinities to the nonoccluded virus of Oryctes, which is currently the type of proposed Subgroup C of the Baculoviridae. INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS Six rod-shaped, singly enveloped, nuclear viruses For light microscopy, crab tissues were fixed in Hel- are known which attack endodermally derived tissues, ly's solution (Johnson 1980) and stained by the Feulgen mainly the hepatopancreatlc epithelium, of decapod technique, using picric acid and methyl-blue counter- crustaceans. They are clearly related to the stains (Farley 1969); shrimp tissue was fixed in David- Baculoviridae, although only one has been sufficiently son's fluid (Humason 1967) and stained with hema- characterized to allow its acceptance as a member of toxylin and eosin. Primary fixation for crab tissues used that family by the International Committee on Tax- in electron microscopy was in cold 4 % glutaraldehyde onomy of Viruses (ICTV] (Matthews 1982). Four of the in 0.1 M, pH 7.4, Sorenson's phosphate buffer. Shrimp 6 are nonoccluded. tissues were fixed in cold 6 O/O glutaraldehyde in 0.15 M Study of 1 new virus and 3 others at our disposal adds Millonig's phosphate buffer (Pease 1964), supple- considerable information about the general nature of mented with 1 Oio sodium chloride and 0.5 % sucrose. the gut-infecting viruses and gives some insight into All tissues were postfixed at room temperature in 1 % which developmental and structural characters might osmium tetroxide in their respective buffers, dehy- indicate degrees of relatedness among them. Develop- drated in ethanol and propylene oxide, and embedded ment of the species apparently differs, but virions are in Spurr's low viscosity embedding medium (Spurr morphologically similar and unlike virions of lepi- 1969) or in an Epon/Araldite mixture (1:l). Thin sec- dopteran nuclear polyhedrosis viruses (NPVs). These tions were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. viruses are compared to each other, to the remaining Negative staining was with phosphotungstic acid. crustacean viruses, and to other arthropod viruses that Shrimp tissues were viewed with either a Hitachi H- have some attributes in common. Most of the latter 500, a Phillips 200, or a JEOL lOOCX electron micro- viruses are currently assigned to Subgroups A, B, and scope; crab tissues were viewed with a Zeiss EM 9s 2 proposed Subgroup C of the Baculoviridae (Matthews electron microscope. 1982), and to the Polydnaviridae (Stoltz et al. 1984, Terms used in this paper to describe viral structure Brown 1986). are defined by Johnson (1988: con~panionarticle). O Inter-Research/Printed in F. R. Germany 124 Dis. aquat. Org. 5: 123-141, 1988 OBSERVATIONS this membrane. It is not uncommon for crabs to eat fecal strings, and containment of virions of Baculo-A The 6 viruses that infect the epithelium of the within the string would make for more efficient tram- hepatopancreas (midgut gland), and sometimes that of mission than if virions were released separately into the the midgut proper, can be grouped together, depending water. Transmission through cannibalism probably mainly on nucleocapsid/virion morphology. Early occurs also The focal nature of infection suggests that development apparently differs between the 2 species virions may pass from one ep~thelialcell to another, but that form occlusion bodies. Three of the viruses, includ- how they enter epithelial cells from the gut or pass from ing the occluded ones, are from various species of one epithelia1 cell to another is unknown. penaeid shrimp. Two viruses are from the brachyuran Infected nuclei were up to 2.3 times normal size. The portunid crabs Callinectes sapidus and Carcinus center of the nucleus was evenly and not strongly mediterraneus, and one is from the blue king crab Feulgen positive except that occasionally somewhat Paralithodesplatypus, which is an anomuran. Most of the diffuse and more deeply staining areas occurred there. viruses have been extensively studied histologically with Usually the center of the nucleus was surrounded by an the light microscope and evidence of infection outside intensely Feulgen-positive marginal band (Fig. 1). the gut has not been found. It is likely, therefore, that they Nucleolar remnants were common, espec~allyin F-celis normally attack only endodermally derived cells. (Fibrillar cells), which typically have large, multiple The shrimp viruses vary considerably in their abhty nucleoli. The remnants were needle-shaped, spherical, to cause disease, depending on the viral species and or irregular. the life-history stage of the host (Lightner 1983, John- son 1984). The viruses from Callinectes sapidus and Paralithodes platypus are apparently nonpathogenic in Electron microscopy juveniles and adults, the only stages that have been studied. The virus from Carcinus mediterraneus causes Because Baculo-A does not cause disease or grossly fatal disease in mature crabs (Pappalardo & Bonami visible changes in fresh tissues, infected nuclei could 1979, Pappalardo et al. 1986). be found only by chance in hepatopancreatic tissues. The species reviewed here are the occluded virus The few infected nuclei available for ultrastructural first found in Penaeus monodon (Lightner & Redman study were from 4 crabs. Tissue from 1 crab was tipped 1981),the occluded virus from American and Hawaiian into icewater shortly after being immersed in glutaral- Penaeus spp. (Couch 1974a, Brock et al. 1986), the dehyde, causing damage to cellular components. The nonoccluded virus of Callinectes sapidus (Johnson most obvious damage was shrinkage and loss of inter- 1976), and a previously undescribed nonoccluded virus nal cell membranes; positions of plasma membranes from Alaskan Paralithodes platypus. remained visible. Tissue from another crab had been embedded in paraffin and was re-embedded for elec- tron-microscopic exammation as described by Johnson Hepatopancreatic virus of Callinectes sapidus (1977). (Baculo-A) Because of insufficient material, progressive assem- bly of virions could not be studied. An early infection Baculo-A is a nonoccluded virus that infects differ- was found in one properly fixed nucleus. This nucleus entiating cells of the hepatopancreatic epithelium had finely fibrillar material through the center and (Johnson 1976, 1983, 1984). Prevalence in groups of marginated chromatin (Fig. 2). (The fibrillar material crabs collected from Chesapeake and Chincoteague had a more granular appearance in ~nfectednuclei Bays and their tributaries (Maryland and Virginia, from the damaged tissue.) In the early infection virions USA) usually varied from 4 to 20 % ; overall prevalence were scattered at random through the nucleus, and was 6 % in l500 crabs. Baculo-A has not been observed there were no envelope precursors in the central por- to cause bsease in the blue crab. Although infected tion, which was presumed to 'be the viral stroma. Nu- cells undoubtedly do not perform normal functions, cleocaps~ds were cyl~ndrical and squared apically they are almost always few in number and in isolated (Fig. 3). A boundary was not visible between core and groups. Baculo-A does not attack stem cells; infection capsid. The nucleoprotein of the core had distinctly occurs only in those cell populations which are under- lucent areas. The reticulate appearance was more pro- going constant replacement. nounced in virions from the damaged tissue. Naked Transmission is presumably per 0s. Materials from (unenveloped) nucleocapsids were not seen except that the hepatopancreas and stomach are enclosed in a particles in the re-embedded tissue lacked, any indica- peritrophic membrane as they pass through the tion of envelopes. Envelopes were tnlaminar in all rnidgut, and feces are expelled in a string enclosed by other preparations, including the glutaraldehyde-fixed, lupuural leloapnu nu uT1 L&.[ = leg (shiolle) jl~dIequas ur sprsdes dldura '6~01aIoN ~ii~~eur6leu1alelnurnssp suou!~,uorlsajur pasuehpv m prsdesoa~snu JU !ado[a~ua.a Iprsdes 6uol :s .mu g01 = lea .(~olle) prsdesoalsnu suluasxa ue qlrM suou~pauoqsas-ss013 I ur palesrpur os[e sr qsrq~'(s~olle) uo!suedxa adolahua ~es~deqnsaql a$oN .sprsdes lildua '6~01pue suour~m uti L& L leg .uoqJajur A11ex uru,l 01 = leg ua61nad .(MOII~ uado) ~uasaid -[ .p 1 osle alp lapnu IeuloN (.nol~e)nas aieapnurq e ur !a[snu qloq 30 uoqsajur Bu~~oqsqdeldo~srw 1q6g .v-oTnsea 01 .s6y 126 Dis. aquat. Org. 5: 123-141, 1988 damaged tissues where nuclear and other internal cell Pnbilof Islands in June 1982. Baculo-PP was not membranes were missing. The envelope was 8 to detected in tissues of 25 crabs each from St Matthews 11 nm thick. It was unilaterally expanded subapically Island, July 1982, and St Lawrence Island, September and around the apex of one end of many virions (Fig. 3). 1982, or in 9 crabs from the Pribilof Islands, February The area between the nucleocapsid and the envelope, 1983.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Identification of Two Major Virion Protein Genes of White Spot Syndrome Virus of Shrimp
    Virology 266, 227–236 (2000) doi:10.1006/viro.1999.0088, available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Identification of Two Major Virion Protein Genes of White Spot Syndrome Virus of Shrimp Marie¨lle C. W. van Hulten, Marcel Westenberg, Stephen D. Goodall, and Just M. Vlak1 Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen Agricultural University, Binnenhaven 11, 6709 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands Received August 25, 1999; returned to author for revision October 28, 1999; accepted November 8, 1999 White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) is an invertebrate virus, causing considerable mortality in shrimp. Two structural proteins of WSSV were identified. WSSV virions are enveloped nucleocapsids with a bacilliform morphology with an approximate size of 275 ϫ 120 nm, and a tail-like extension at one end. The double-stranded viral DNA has an approximate size 290 kb. WSSV virions, isolated from infected shrimps, contained four major proteins: 28 kDa (VP28), 26 kDa (VP26), 24 kDa (VP24), and 19 kDa (VP19) in size, respectively. VP26 and VP24 were found associated with nucleocapsids; the others were associated with the envelope. N-terminal amino acid sequences of nucleocapsid protein VP26 and the envelope protein VP28 were obtained by protein sequencing and used to identify the respective genes (vp26 and vp28) in the WSSV genome. To confirm that the open reading frames of WSSV vp26 (612) and vp28 (612) are coding for the putative major virion proteins, they were expressed in insect cells using baculovirus vectors and analyzed by Western analysis.
    [Show full text]
  • Development of Biotehcnological Tools for Studying Infectious Pathways of Canine and Human Parvoviruses
    JYVÄSKYLÄ STUDIES IN BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 154 Leona Gilbert Development of Biotehcnological Tools for Studying Infectious Pathways of Canine and Human Parvoviruses JYVÄSKYLÄN YLIOPISTO JYVÄSKYLÄ STUDIES IN BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 154 Leona Gilbert Development of Biotechnological Tools for Studying Infectious Pathways of Canine and Human Parvoviruses Esitetään Jyväskylän yliopiston matemaattis-luonnontieteellisen tiedekunnan suostumuksella julkisesti tarkastettavaksi yliopiston Ambiotica-rakennuksen salissa (YAA303) kesäkuun 18. päivänä 2005 kello 12. Academic dissertation to be publicly discussed, by permission of the Faculty of Mathematics and Science of the University of Jyväskylä, in the Building Ambiotica, Auditorium YAA303, on June 18th, 2005 at 12 o'clock noon. UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ JYVÄSKYLÄ 2005 Development of Biotechnological Tools for Studying Infectious Pathways of Canine and Human Parvoviruses JYVÄSKYLÄ STUDIES IN BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 154 Leona Gilbert Development of Biotechnological Tools for Studying Infectious Pathways of Canine and Human Parvoviruses UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ JYVÄSKYLÄ 2005 Editors Jukka Särkkä Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä Pekka Olsbo, Irene Ylönen Publishing Unit, University Library of Jyväskylä Cover picture: Molecular models of the fluorescent biotechnological tools for CPV and B19. Picture by Leona Gilbert. ISBN 951-39-2134-4 (nid.) ISSN 1456-9701 Copyright © 2005, by University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä University Printing House, Jyväskylä 2005 ABSTRACT Gilbert, Leona Development of biotechnological tools for studying infectious pathways of canine and human parvoviruses. Jyväskylä, University of Jyväskylä, 2005, 104 p. (Jyväskylä Studies in Biological and Environmental Science, ISSN 1456-9701; 154) ISBN 951-39-2182-4 Parvoviruses are among the smallest vertebrate DNA viruses known to date. The production of parvovirus-like particles (parvo-VLPs) has been successfully exploited for parvovirus vaccine development.
    [Show full text]
  • Atti Società Toscana Scienze Naturali
    ATTI DELLA SOCIETÀ TOSCANA DI SCIENZE NATURALI MEMORIE • SERIE B • VOLUME CXXVI • ANNO 2019 Edizioni ETS Serie_b_126/2019BN.indb 1 10/03/20 08:11 Serie_b_126/2019BN.indb 2 10/03/20 08:11 INDICE - CONTENTS S. PASTA, A. TROÌA – From common and used to rare S. MAcciONI, R. VANGELisTI, L. AMADEI – I manoscritti and forgotten: Past and present distribution of the ar- del Museo Botanico pisano. Il “Fondo Gaetano Savi” chaeophyte Euphorbia lathyris L. (Euphorbiaceae) in (1769-1844). southern Italy and Sicily. The manuscripts of Botanic Museum of Pisa. The Col- Da comune e utilizzata a rara e dimenticata: distribuzio- lection of Gaetano Savi (1769-1844). » 61 ne passata e presente dell’archeofita Euphorbia lathyris L. (Euphorbiaceae) in Italia meridionale e Sicilia. pag. 5 G. INNOCENTI, R. MANZONI – Catalogues of the Natural History Museum, Zoological Section “La C.M. MUSARELLA, I. PAGLIANITI, A. CANO-ORTIZ, Specola”, of the University of Florence. XXXIV. G. SPAmpiNATO – Indagine etnobotanica nel territo- Crustacea, Class Malacostraca, Order Decapoda. rio del Poro e delle Preserre Calabresi (Vibo Valentia, Superfamily Portunoidea (Families Geryonidae, S-Italia). Portunidae). Ethnobotanical study in the Poro and Preserre Calabresi Cataloghi del Museo di Storia Naturale dell’Università territory (Vibo Valentia, S-Italy). » 13 di Firenze, Sezione di Zoologia “La Specola”. XXXIV. Crustacea, Classe Malacostraca, Ordine Decapoda. Su- A. DI CENciO, S. CASATI, A. COLLARETA – A new re- perfamiglia Portunoidea (Famiglie Geryonidae, Portu- cord of Ocypode italica (Brachyura: Ocypodidae) from nidae). » 69 the Pliocene of Tuscany (central Italy). Un nuovo esemplare di Ocypode italica (Brachyura: F. CIANFERONI, G. MAZZA, G. INNOCENTI – Presenza Ocypodidae) dal Pliocene della Toscana (Italia centrale).
    [Show full text]
  • Lack of Viral Mirna Expression in an Experimental Infection
    Núñez-Hernández et al. Veterinary Research (2015) 46:48 DOI 10.1186/s13567-015-0181-4 VETERINARY RESEARCH SHORT REPORT Open Access Evaluation of the capability of the PCV2 genome to encode miRNAs: lack of viral miRNA expression in an experimental infection Fernando Núñez-Hernández1, Lester J Pérez2, Gonzalo Vera3, Sarai Córdoba3, Joaquim Segalés1,4, Armand Sánchez3,5 and José I Núñez1* Abstract Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is a ssDNA virus causing PCV2-systemic disease (PCV2-SD), one of the most important diseases in swine. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a new class of small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. Viral miRNAs have recently been described and the number of viral miRNAs has been increasing in the past few years. In this study, small RNA libraries were constructed from two tissues of subclinically PCV2 infected pigs to explore if PCV2 can encode viral miRNAs. The deep sequencing data revealed that PCV2 does not express miRNAs in an in vivo subclinical infection. Introduction, methods, and results family with the highest miRNAs encoding capacity Porcine circovirus type 2-systemic disease (PCV2-SD) is [6,7]. Other viruses belonging to the families Polyoma- a devastating disease that causes important economic viridae, Adenoviridae, Papillomaviridae, Baculoviridae losses [1]. The disease is essentially caused by PCV2, a and Ascoviridae encode miRNAs in low numbers single stranded DNA, non enveloped virus belonging to [8-12]. Recently, a Human Torque Teno virus, a small, the Circoviridae family [2]. The PCV2 genome encodes ssDNA virus from the Anelloviridae family, that en- four ORFs. ORF1 encodes for two proteins (Rep and codes a miRNA involved in interferon modulation has Rep’) which are involved in replication.
    [Show full text]
  • Baculovirus Nuclear Import: Open, Nuclear Pore Complex (NPC) Sesame
    Viruses 2013, 5, 1885-1900; doi:10.3390/v5071885 OPEN ACCESS viruses ISSN 1999-4915 www.mdpi.com/journal/viruses Review Baculovirus Nuclear Import: Open, Nuclear Pore Complex (NPC) Sesame Shelly Au, Wei Wu and Nelly Panté * Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada; E-Mails: [email protected] (S.A.); [email protected] (W.W.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-604-822-3369; Fax: +1-604-822-2416. Received: 30 May 2013; in revised form: 17 July 2013 / Accepted: 17 July 2013 / Published: 23 July 2013 Abstract: Baculoviruses are one of the largest viruses that replicate in the nucleus of their host cells. During infection, the rod-shape, 250-nm long nucleocapsid delivers its genome into the nucleus. Electron microscopy evidence suggests that baculoviruses, specifically the Alphabaculoviruses (nucleopolyhedroviruses) and the Betabaculoviruses (granuloviruses), have evolved two very distinct modes for doing this. Here we review historical and current experimental results of baculovirus nuclear import studies, with an emphasis on electron microscopy studies employing the prototypical baculovirus Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus infecting cultured cells. We also discuss the implications of recent studies towards theories of nuclear transport mechanisms. Keywords: baculovirus; AcMNPV; nuclear import; nuclear pore complex; viruses 1. Introduction Baculoviruses are a large and diverse group of rod-shaped, enveloped, double-stranded DNA viruses that replicate in the nucleus of their host cells. They are pathogenic to arthropods, mainly insects, and are ubiquitously found in the environment. Members of the Baculoviridae family have been isolated from more than 700 host species.
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Various Treatments on White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) from Penaeus Japonicus (Japan) and P. Monodon (Thailand)
    魚 病 研 究 Fish Pathology,33(4),381-387,1998.10 Effect of Various Treatments on White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) from Penaeus japonicus (Japan) and P. monodon (Thailand) Minoru Maeda*1, Jiraporn Kasornchandra*2,Toshiaki Itami*1, Nobutaka Suzuki*3, Oscar Hennig*4, Masakazu Kondo*1Juan D. Albaladejo*5 and Yukinori Takahashi* 1 *1Department of Applied Aquabiology, National Fisheries University, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi 759-6595, Japan *2National Institute of Coastal Aquaculture, Songkla 90000, Thailand *3 Department of Food Science and Technology, National Fisheries University, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi 759-6595, Japan *4Faculty of Fisheries , Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8131, Japan *5Bureauof Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, Department of Agriculture, Quezon, Metro Manila 3008, Philippines (Received February 27, 1998) Two causative agents of white spot syndrome (WSS), penaeid rod-shaped DNA virus (PRDV) from infected kuruma shrimp (Penaeus japonicus) in Japan and systemic ectodermal and mesodermal baculovirus (SEMBV) from black tiger shrimp (P. monodon) in Thailand, were tested for their sensitivities to chemicals, temperature, drying and singlet oxygen (1O2). The infectivity of the treated PRDV and SEMBV was determined by challenge tests in kuruma shrimp and black tiger shrimp, respectively. Sodium hypochlorite inactivated PRDV at 1 ppm for 30 min and at 5 ppm for 10 min. SEMBV was inactivated by sodium hypochlorite at 10 ppm for 30 min. Povi done-iodine inactivated these viruses at a concentration of 10 ppm for 30 min. A high concentration of NaCl (12.5%) inactivated PRDV in 24 h at 25•Ž, and 15% NaCl inactivated SEMBV in 24 h at 28•Ž. PRDV was inactivated by heating at 50•Ž for 20 min, by drying at 30•Ž, and by using ethyl ether.
    [Show full text]
  • Recent Additions to the Pontoniine Shrimp Fauna of Australia
    The Beagle, Records of the Northern Territory Museum of Arts and Sciences, 1990 7(2):9-20 0 tJ 0 RECENT ADDITIONS TO THE PONTONIINE SHRIMP FAUNA OF AUSTRALIA. A.J. BRUCE Northern Territory Museum of Arts and Sciences GPO Box 4646, Darwin NT 0801, Australia. ABSTRACT Recent additions to the pontoniine shrimp fauna of Australia are reviewed and data are provided on seven species not previously known from Australia: Onycocaris spinosa Fujino and Miyake, Periclimenes mahei Bruce, Platypontonia brevirostris (Miers), Pontonia stylirostris Holthuis, Tuleariocaris holthuisi Hipeau-Jacquotte, Vir orientalis (Dana) and V. philippinensis Bruce and Svoboda. Recent nomencla- tural amendments are included. The number of species presently known is increased from 136 to 168 and their distributions and zoogeography are discussed. KEYWORDS: Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae, Australian fauna, recent addi- tions, new records, zoogeography, Indo-West Pacific. CRUSTACEA LIBRARY SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION RETURN TO W-119 INTRODUCTION Although detailed studies of the Indonesian fauna have been made through the activities of In 1983, Bruce (1983a) provided a review the Siboga and Snellius expeditions (1899- on the occurrence of 136 species of pontoniine 1900, 1929-1930), these were carried out shrimp in the seas around Australia, described before the common use of SCUBA equipment. up to 1980. Since that publication, three of the Undoubtedly many of the recently discovered species, of the genus Anchistioides, have been tropical Australian species will be found to transferred to the resurrected family Anchis- also occur in Indonesian waters in due course, tioididae Borradaile, and two species, of probably together with much that is com- Gnathophylloides, have been transferred from pletely new.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity and Evolution of Viral Pathogen Community in Cave Nectar Bats (Eonycteris Spelaea)
    viruses Article Diversity and Evolution of Viral Pathogen Community in Cave Nectar Bats (Eonycteris spelaea) Ian H Mendenhall 1,* , Dolyce Low Hong Wen 1,2, Jayanthi Jayakumar 1, Vithiagaran Gunalan 3, Linfa Wang 1 , Sebastian Mauer-Stroh 3,4 , Yvonne C.F. Su 1 and Gavin J.D. Smith 1,5,6 1 Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; [email protected] (D.L.H.W.); [email protected] (J.J.); [email protected] (L.W.); [email protected] (Y.C.F.S.) [email protected] (G.J.D.S.) 2 NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore 3 Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138671, Singapore; [email protected] (V.G.); [email protected] (S.M.-S.) 4 Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore 5 SingHealth Duke-NUS Global Health Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore 168753, Singapore 6 Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 30 January 2019; Accepted: 7 March 2019; Published: 12 March 2019 Abstract: Bats are unique mammals, exhibit distinctive life history traits and have unique immunological approaches to suppression of viral diseases upon infection. High-throughput next-generation sequencing has been used in characterizing the virome of different bat species. The cave nectar bat, Eonycteris spelaea, has a broad geographical range across Southeast Asia, India and southern China, however, little is known about their involvement in virus transmission.
    [Show full text]
  • Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae)
    Arthropoda Selecta 14 (2): 117128 © ARTHROPODA SELECTA, 2005 Two new species of the genus Vir Holthuis, 1952 from Vietnam (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae) Äâà íîâûõ âèäà ðîäà Vir Holthuis, 1952 èç Âüåòíàìà (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae) I.N. Marin1 & A. Anker2 È.Í. Ìàðèí, À. Àíêåð 1 Laboratory of Ecology and Morphology of Marine Invertebrates, A. N. Severtzov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Science, Leninsky prospect, 33, 119071 Moscow Russia. E-mail: [email protected] Ëàáîðàòîðèÿ ýêîëîãèè è ìîðôîëîãèè ìîðñêèõ áåñïîçâîíî÷íûõ, Èíñòèòóò ïðîáëåì ýêîëîãèè è ýâîëþöèè èì. À.Í. Ñåâåðöîâà ÐÀÍ, Ëåíèíñêèé ïðîñïåêò, 33, Ìîñêâà 117071 Ðîññèÿ. 2 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E9 Canada. E-mail: [email protected] KEY WORDS: Palemonidae, Vir, new species, bubble coral, Euphyllia, Caryophyllidae, host specificity, Vietnam. ÊËÞ×ÅÂÛÅ ÑËÎÂÀ: Palemonidae, Vir, íîâûé âèä, Euphyllia, Caryophyllidae, ñïåöèôè÷íîñòü ê õîçÿèíó, Âüåòíàì. ABSTRACT. Vir euphyllius, sp.n., and Vir pareu- photographers. These fragile-looking, mostly transpar- phylius, sp.n., are described on the basis of several ent shrimps are among the most frequently photographed specimens of both sexes collected from caryophillid Indo-West Pacific marine shrimps. Previously, only corals Euphyllia spp. in Nhatrang Bay, Vietnam. The three species were known in this genus: the type spe- new species differ from V. philippinensis Bruce & cies, V. orientalis (Dana, 1852), V. philippinensis Bruce Svoboda and V. colemani Bruce by the less conspicu- & Svoboda, 1984, and the recently described V. cole- ous colour pattern and a combination of morphological mani Bruce, 2003. During an extensive sampling of characters, and from the type species, V.
    [Show full text]
  • Vir Smiti Spec. Nov., a New Scleractinian Associated Pontoniine Shrimp (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae) from the Indo-West Pacifi C
    Vir smiti spec. nov., a new scleractinian associated pontoniine shrimp (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae) from the Indo-West Pacifi c C.H.J.M. Fransen & L.B. Holthuis Fransen, C.H.J.M. & L.B. Holthuis. Vir smiti spec. nov., a new scleractinian associated pontoniine shrimp (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae) from the Indo-West Pacifi c. Zool. Med. Leiden 81 (4) 8.vi.2007: 101-114, fi gs. 1-37.— ISSN 0024-0672. Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, Postbus 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands (E-mail: fransen@ naturalis.nnm.nl). Key words: Crustacea; Decapoda; Caridea; Palaemonidae; Vir smiti; new species; scleractinian associate; Indo-West Pacifi c. A new species of scleractinian associated pontoniine shrimp, Vir smiti spec. nov., is described and illus- trated on the basis of specimens collected throughout the Indo-West Pacifi c. Introduction The genus Vir was erected by Holthuis (1952) to accommodate Palaemonella orientalis Dana, 1852, which differs from Palaemonella species in lacking an hepatic spine. Vir orien- talis has been recorded from Pocillopora damicornis (Linnaeus, 1758) and several species of Acropora Oken, 1815. In recent years, several morphologically very similar new species of Vir have been described from various scleractinian corals within the family Euphyllii- dae Veron, 2000: V. philippinensis Bruce & Svoboda, 1984 and V. colemani Bruce, 2003, both mainly recorded from the genus Plerogyra Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848; V. euphyllius Marin & Anker, 2005 from Euphyllia cf. divisa and V. pareuphyllius Marin & Anker, 2005 from Euphyllia cf. parancora Veron, 1990. On the basis of more material, Marin (in press) recognized Vir pareuphyllius as a junior synonym of V.
    [Show full text]
  • Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae)
    Arthropoda Selecta 14 (2): 117128 © ARTHROPODA SELECTA, 2005 Two new species of the genus Vir Holthuis, 1952 from Vietnam (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae) Äâà íîâûõ âèäà ðîäà Vir Holthuis, 1952 èç Âüåòíàìà (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae) I.N. Marin1 & A. Anker2 È.Í. Ìàðèí, À. Àíêåð 1 Laboratory of Ecology and Morphology of Marine Invertebrates, A. N. Severtzov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Science, Leninsky prospect, 33, 119071 Moscow Russia. E-mail: [email protected] Ëàáîðàòîðèÿ ýêîëîãèè è ìîðôîëîãèè ìîðñêèõ áåñïîçâîíî÷íûõ, Èíñòèòóò ïðîáëåì ýêîëîãèè è ýâîëþöèè èì. À.Í. Ñåâåðöîâà ÐÀÍ, Ëåíèíñêèé ïðîñïåêò, 33, Ìîñêâà 117071 Ðîññèÿ. 2 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E9 Canada. E-mail: [email protected] KEY WORDS: Palemonidae, Vir, new species, bubble coral, Euphyllia, Caryophyllidae, host specificity, Vietnam. ÊËÞ×ÅÂÛÅ ÑËÎÂÀ: Palemonidae, Vir, íîâûé âèä, Euphyllia, Caryophyllidae, ñïåöèôè÷íîñòü ê õîçÿèíó, Âüåòíàì. ABSTRACT. Vir euphyllius, sp.n., and Vir pareu- photographers. These fragile-looking, mostly transpar- phylius, sp.n., are described on the basis of several ent shrimps are among the most frequently photographed specimens of both sexes collected from caryophillid Indo-West Pacific marine shrimps. Previously, only corals Euphyllia spp. in Nhatrang Bay, Vietnam. The three species were known in this genus: the type spe- new species differ from V. philippinensis Bruce & cies, V. orientalis (Dana, 1852), V. philippinensis Bruce Svoboda and V. colemani Bruce by the less conspicu- & Svoboda, 1984, and the recently described V. cole- ous colour pattern and a combination of morphological mani Bruce, 2003. During an extensive sampling of characters, and from the type species, V.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded from Brill.Com10/11/2021 12:50:19PM Via Free Access 202 RAUCH ET AL
    Contributions to Zoology 88 (2019) 201-235 CTOZ brill.com/ctoz Shrimps of the genus Periclimenes (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae) associated with mushroom corals (Scleractinia, Fungiidae): linking DNA barcodes to morphology Cessa Rauch Department of Taxonomy & Systematics, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands Department of Natural History, Section of Taxonomy and Evolution, University Museum of Bergen, University of Bergen, PB7800, 5020 Bergen, Norway Bert W. Hoeksema Department of Taxonomy & Systematics, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands Bambang Hermanto Technical Implementation Unit for Marine Biota Conservation, Research Centre for Oceanog- raphy (RCO-LIPI), Bitung, Indonesia Charles H.J.M. Fransen Department of Taxonomy & Systematics, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands [email protected] Abstract Most marine palaemonid shrimp species live in symbiosis with invertebrates of various phyla. These as- sociations range from weak epibiosis to obligatory endosymbiosis and from restricted commensalism to semi-parasitism. On coral reefs, such symbiotic shrimps can contribute to the associated biodiversity of reef corals. Among the host taxa, mushroom corals (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Fungiidae) are known to harbour various groups of symbionts, including shrimps. Some but not all of these associated species are host-specific. Because data on the host specificity of shrimps on mushroom corals are scarce, shrimp spe- cies of the genus Periclimenes were collected from mushroom corals during fieldwork in Lembeh Strait, © RAUCH ET AL., 2019 | doi:10.1163/18759866-20191357 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the prevailing cc-by license at the time of publication.
    [Show full text]