Lack of Viral Mirna Expression in an Experimental Infection
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Identification of Two Major Virion Protein Genes of White Spot Syndrome Virus of Shrimp
Virology 266, 227–236 (2000) doi:10.1006/viro.1999.0088, available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Identification of Two Major Virion Protein Genes of White Spot Syndrome Virus of Shrimp Marie¨lle C. W. van Hulten, Marcel Westenberg, Stephen D. Goodall, and Just M. Vlak1 Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen Agricultural University, Binnenhaven 11, 6709 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands Received August 25, 1999; returned to author for revision October 28, 1999; accepted November 8, 1999 White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) is an invertebrate virus, causing considerable mortality in shrimp. Two structural proteins of WSSV were identified. WSSV virions are enveloped nucleocapsids with a bacilliform morphology with an approximate size of 275 ϫ 120 nm, and a tail-like extension at one end. The double-stranded viral DNA has an approximate size 290 kb. WSSV virions, isolated from infected shrimps, contained four major proteins: 28 kDa (VP28), 26 kDa (VP26), 24 kDa (VP24), and 19 kDa (VP19) in size, respectively. VP26 and VP24 were found associated with nucleocapsids; the others were associated with the envelope. N-terminal amino acid sequences of nucleocapsid protein VP26 and the envelope protein VP28 were obtained by protein sequencing and used to identify the respective genes (vp26 and vp28) in the WSSV genome. To confirm that the open reading frames of WSSV vp26 (612) and vp28 (612) are coding for the putative major virion proteins, they were expressed in insect cells using baculovirus vectors and analyzed by Western analysis. -
Development of Biotehcnological Tools for Studying Infectious Pathways of Canine and Human Parvoviruses
JYVÄSKYLÄ STUDIES IN BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 154 Leona Gilbert Development of Biotehcnological Tools for Studying Infectious Pathways of Canine and Human Parvoviruses JYVÄSKYLÄN YLIOPISTO JYVÄSKYLÄ STUDIES IN BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 154 Leona Gilbert Development of Biotechnological Tools for Studying Infectious Pathways of Canine and Human Parvoviruses Esitetään Jyväskylän yliopiston matemaattis-luonnontieteellisen tiedekunnan suostumuksella julkisesti tarkastettavaksi yliopiston Ambiotica-rakennuksen salissa (YAA303) kesäkuun 18. päivänä 2005 kello 12. Academic dissertation to be publicly discussed, by permission of the Faculty of Mathematics and Science of the University of Jyväskylä, in the Building Ambiotica, Auditorium YAA303, on June 18th, 2005 at 12 o'clock noon. UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ JYVÄSKYLÄ 2005 Development of Biotechnological Tools for Studying Infectious Pathways of Canine and Human Parvoviruses JYVÄSKYLÄ STUDIES IN BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 154 Leona Gilbert Development of Biotechnological Tools for Studying Infectious Pathways of Canine and Human Parvoviruses UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ JYVÄSKYLÄ 2005 Editors Jukka Särkkä Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä Pekka Olsbo, Irene Ylönen Publishing Unit, University Library of Jyväskylä Cover picture: Molecular models of the fluorescent biotechnological tools for CPV and B19. Picture by Leona Gilbert. ISBN 951-39-2134-4 (nid.) ISSN 1456-9701 Copyright © 2005, by University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä University Printing House, Jyväskylä 2005 ABSTRACT Gilbert, Leona Development of biotechnological tools for studying infectious pathways of canine and human parvoviruses. Jyväskylä, University of Jyväskylä, 2005, 104 p. (Jyväskylä Studies in Biological and Environmental Science, ISSN 1456-9701; 154) ISBN 951-39-2182-4 Parvoviruses are among the smallest vertebrate DNA viruses known to date. The production of parvovirus-like particles (parvo-VLPs) has been successfully exploited for parvovirus vaccine development. -
Baculovirus Nuclear Import: Open, Nuclear Pore Complex (NPC) Sesame
Viruses 2013, 5, 1885-1900; doi:10.3390/v5071885 OPEN ACCESS viruses ISSN 1999-4915 www.mdpi.com/journal/viruses Review Baculovirus Nuclear Import: Open, Nuclear Pore Complex (NPC) Sesame Shelly Au, Wei Wu and Nelly Panté * Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada; E-Mails: [email protected] (S.A.); [email protected] (W.W.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-604-822-3369; Fax: +1-604-822-2416. Received: 30 May 2013; in revised form: 17 July 2013 / Accepted: 17 July 2013 / Published: 23 July 2013 Abstract: Baculoviruses are one of the largest viruses that replicate in the nucleus of their host cells. During infection, the rod-shape, 250-nm long nucleocapsid delivers its genome into the nucleus. Electron microscopy evidence suggests that baculoviruses, specifically the Alphabaculoviruses (nucleopolyhedroviruses) and the Betabaculoviruses (granuloviruses), have evolved two very distinct modes for doing this. Here we review historical and current experimental results of baculovirus nuclear import studies, with an emphasis on electron microscopy studies employing the prototypical baculovirus Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus infecting cultured cells. We also discuss the implications of recent studies towards theories of nuclear transport mechanisms. Keywords: baculovirus; AcMNPV; nuclear import; nuclear pore complex; viruses 1. Introduction Baculoviruses are a large and diverse group of rod-shaped, enveloped, double-stranded DNA viruses that replicate in the nucleus of their host cells. They are pathogenic to arthropods, mainly insects, and are ubiquitously found in the environment. Members of the Baculoviridae family have been isolated from more than 700 host species. -
Virus–Host Interactions and Their Roles in Coral Reef Health and Disease
!"#$"%& Virus–host interactions and their roles in coral reef health and disease Rebecca Vega Thurber1, Jérôme P. Payet1,2, Andrew R. Thurber1,2 and Adrienne M. S. Correa3 !"#$%&'$()(*+%&,(%--.#(+''/%!01(1/$%0-1$23++%(#4&,,+5(5&$-%#6('+1#$0$/$-("0+708-%#0$9(&17( 3%+7/'$080$9(4+$#3+$#6(&17(&%-($4%-&$-1-7("9(&1$4%+3+:-10'(70#$/%"&1'-;(<40#(=-80-5(3%+807-#( &1(01$%+7/'$0+1($+('+%&,(%--.(80%+,+:9(&17(->34�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cycling. Last, we outline how marine viruses are an integral part of the reef system and suggest $4&$($4-(01.,/-1'-(+.(80%/#-#(+1(%--.(./1'$0+1(0#(&1(-##-1$0&,('+>3+1-1$(+.($4-#-(:,+"&,,9( 0>3+%$&1$(-180%+1>-1$#; To p - d ow n e f f e c t s Viruses infect all cellular life, including bacteria and evidence that macroorganisms play important parts in The ecological concept that eukaryotes, and contain ~200 megatonnes of carbon the dynamics of viroplankton; for example, sponges can organismal growth and globally1 — thus, they are integral parts of marine eco- filter and consume viruses6,7. -
Effect of Various Treatments on White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) from Penaeus Japonicus (Japan) and P. Monodon (Thailand)
魚 病 研 究 Fish Pathology,33(4),381-387,1998.10 Effect of Various Treatments on White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) from Penaeus japonicus (Japan) and P. monodon (Thailand) Minoru Maeda*1, Jiraporn Kasornchandra*2,Toshiaki Itami*1, Nobutaka Suzuki*3, Oscar Hennig*4, Masakazu Kondo*1Juan D. Albaladejo*5 and Yukinori Takahashi* 1 *1Department of Applied Aquabiology, National Fisheries University, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi 759-6595, Japan *2National Institute of Coastal Aquaculture, Songkla 90000, Thailand *3 Department of Food Science and Technology, National Fisheries University, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi 759-6595, Japan *4Faculty of Fisheries , Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8131, Japan *5Bureauof Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, Department of Agriculture, Quezon, Metro Manila 3008, Philippines (Received February 27, 1998) Two causative agents of white spot syndrome (WSS), penaeid rod-shaped DNA virus (PRDV) from infected kuruma shrimp (Penaeus japonicus) in Japan and systemic ectodermal and mesodermal baculovirus (SEMBV) from black tiger shrimp (P. monodon) in Thailand, were tested for their sensitivities to chemicals, temperature, drying and singlet oxygen (1O2). The infectivity of the treated PRDV and SEMBV was determined by challenge tests in kuruma shrimp and black tiger shrimp, respectively. Sodium hypochlorite inactivated PRDV at 1 ppm for 30 min and at 5 ppm for 10 min. SEMBV was inactivated by sodium hypochlorite at 10 ppm for 30 min. Povi done-iodine inactivated these viruses at a concentration of 10 ppm for 30 min. A high concentration of NaCl (12.5%) inactivated PRDV in 24 h at 25•Ž, and 15% NaCl inactivated SEMBV in 24 h at 28•Ž. PRDV was inactivated by heating at 50•Ž for 20 min, by drying at 30•Ž, and by using ethyl ether. -
On the Biological Success of Viruses
MI67CH25-Turner ARI 19 June 2013 8:14 V I E E W R S Review in Advance first posted online on June 28, 2013. (Changes may still occur before final publication E online and in print.) I N C N A D V A On the Biological Success of Viruses Brian R. Wasik and Paul E. Turner Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8106; email: [email protected], [email protected] Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 2013. 67:519–41 Keywords The Annual Review of Microbiology is online at adaptation, biodiversity, environmental change, evolvability, extinction, micro.annualreviews.org robustness This article’s doi: 10.1146/annurev-micro-090110-102833 Abstract Copyright c 2013 by Annual Reviews. Are viruses more biologically successful than cellular life? Here we exam- All rights reserved ine many ways of gauging biological success, including numerical abun- dance, environmental tolerance, type biodiversity, reproductive potential, and widespread impact on other organisms. We especially focus on suc- cessful ability to evolutionarily adapt in the face of environmental change. Viruses are often challenged by dynamic environments, such as host immune function and evolved resistance as well as abiotic fluctuations in temperature, moisture, and other stressors that reduce virion stability. Despite these chal- lenges, our experimental evolution studies show that viruses can often readily adapt, and novel virus emergence in humans and other hosts is increasingly problematic. We additionally consider whether viruses are advantaged in evolvability—the capacity to evolve—and in avoidance of extinction. On the basis of these different ways of gauging biological success, we conclude that viruses are the most successful inhabitants of the biosphere. -
Diversity and Evolution of Viral Pathogen Community in Cave Nectar Bats (Eonycteris Spelaea)
viruses Article Diversity and Evolution of Viral Pathogen Community in Cave Nectar Bats (Eonycteris spelaea) Ian H Mendenhall 1,* , Dolyce Low Hong Wen 1,2, Jayanthi Jayakumar 1, Vithiagaran Gunalan 3, Linfa Wang 1 , Sebastian Mauer-Stroh 3,4 , Yvonne C.F. Su 1 and Gavin J.D. Smith 1,5,6 1 Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; [email protected] (D.L.H.W.); [email protected] (J.J.); [email protected] (L.W.); [email protected] (Y.C.F.S.) [email protected] (G.J.D.S.) 2 NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore 3 Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138671, Singapore; [email protected] (V.G.); [email protected] (S.M.-S.) 4 Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore 5 SingHealth Duke-NUS Global Health Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore 168753, Singapore 6 Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 30 January 2019; Accepted: 7 March 2019; Published: 12 March 2019 Abstract: Bats are unique mammals, exhibit distinctive life history traits and have unique immunological approaches to suppression of viral diseases upon infection. High-throughput next-generation sequencing has been used in characterizing the virome of different bat species. The cave nectar bat, Eonycteris spelaea, has a broad geographical range across Southeast Asia, India and southern China, however, little is known about their involvement in virus transmission. -
Extended Evaluation of Viral Diversity in Lake Baikal Through Metagenomics
microorganisms Article Extended Evaluation of Viral Diversity in Lake Baikal through Metagenomics Tatyana V. Butina 1,* , Yurij S. Bukin 1,*, Ivan S. Petrushin 1 , Alexey E. Tupikin 2, Marsel R. Kabilov 2 and Sergey I. Belikov 1 1 Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Batorskaya Str., 3, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia; [email protected] (I.S.P.); [email protected] (S.I.B.) 2 Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave., 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; [email protected] (A.E.T.); [email protected] (M.R.K.) * Correspondence: [email protected] (T.V.B.); [email protected] (Y.S.B.) Abstract: Lake Baikal is a unique oligotrophic freshwater lake with unusually cold conditions and amazing biological diversity. Studies of the lake’s viral communities have begun recently, and their full diversity is not elucidated yet. Here, we performed DNA viral metagenomic analysis on integral samples from four different deep-water and shallow stations of the southern and central basins of the lake. There was a strict distinction of viral communities in areas with different environmental conditions. Comparative analysis with other freshwater lakes revealed the highest similarity of Baikal viromes with those of the Asian lakes Soyang and Biwa. Analysis of new data, together with previ- ously published data allowed us to get a deeper insight into the diversity and functional potential of Baikal viruses; however, the true diversity of Baikal viruses in the lake ecosystem remains still un- Citation: Butina, T.V.; Bukin, Y.S.; Petrushin, I.S.; Tupikin, A.E.; Kabilov, known. -
Diversity and Evolution of Novel Invertebrate DNA Viruses Revealed by Meta-Transcriptomics
viruses Article Diversity and Evolution of Novel Invertebrate DNA Viruses Revealed by Meta-Transcriptomics Ashleigh F. Porter 1, Mang Shi 1, John-Sebastian Eden 1,2 , Yong-Zhen Zhang 3,4 and Edward C. Holmes 1,3,* 1 Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life & Environmental Sciences and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; [email protected] (A.F.P.); [email protected] (M.S.); [email protected] (J.-S.E.) 2 Centre for Virus Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia 3 Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 201500, China; [email protected] 4 Department of Zoonosis, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, China * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +61-2-9351-5591 Received: 17 October 2019; Accepted: 23 November 2019; Published: 25 November 2019 Abstract: DNA viruses comprise a wide array of genome structures and infect diverse host species. To date, most studies of DNA viruses have focused on those with the strongest disease associations. Accordingly, there has been a marked lack of sampling of DNA viruses from invertebrates. Bulk RNA sequencing has resulted in the discovery of a myriad of novel RNA viruses, and herein we used this methodology to identify actively transcribing DNA viruses in meta-transcriptomic libraries of diverse invertebrate species. Our analysis revealed high levels of phylogenetic diversity in DNA viruses, including 13 species from the Parvoviridae, Circoviridae, and Genomoviridae families of single-stranded DNA virus families, and six double-stranded DNA virus species from the Nudiviridae, Polyomaviridae, and Herpesviridae, for which few invertebrate viruses have been identified to date. -
The Virome Hunters Diversity Was—And Still Is to This Day— Mostly Uncharacterized
NEWS FEATURE Virus images: colematt / iStock Getty Images Plus The virome hunters diversity was—and still is to this day— mostly uncharacterized. Scientists have since Ambitious efforts to catalog viruses across the globe may facilitate expanded their analyses into other many environments, as well as animal and human our understanding of viral communities and ecology, boost viromes. Indeed, a pure metagenomic analysis infectious disease diagnostics and surveillance, and spur new of human fecal samples revealed a previously unknown virus that represents a large part therapeutics. Charles Schmidt investigates. of the dark matter—as much as 90%—of the human gut virome. Dubbed the crAssphage by Robert Edwards and collaborators from In July, scientists from UC Davis and Columbia and our questions about the viral world are San Diego State because it was pieced together University announced they had isolated a new profound,” says Edward Holmes, a virologist by tool they invented called cross assembly species of the Ebola virus from bats roosting and professor at the University of Sydney in analysis (although its origin in stool seems to inside houses in Sierra Leone. Dubbed Bombali Australia. Along with new species, investigators have been in the minds of the researchers), it after the district where the bats were captured, are turning up vast stretches of what they call was called “one of the most striking feats of this new species is the first Ebola virus to have dark matter—viral sequences unlike any seen metagenomics at that time” by Eugene Koonin its initial identification in an animal host previously. They’re using sophisticated bioin- at US National Center for Biotechnology rather than from a sick person. -
Whole-Proteome Phylogeny of Large Dsdna Virus Families by an Alignment-Free Method
Whole-proteome phylogeny of large dsDNA virus families by an alignment-free method Guohong Albert Wua,b, Se-Ran Juna, Gregory E. Simsa,b, and Sung-Hou Kima,b,1 aDepartment of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720; and bPhysical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720 Contributed by Sung-Hou Kim, May 15, 2009 (sent for review February 22, 2009) The vast sequence divergence among different virus groups has self-organizing maps (18) have also been used to understand the presented a great challenge to alignment-based sequence com- grouping of viruses. parison among different virus families. Using an alignment-free In the previous alignment-free phylogenomic studies using l-mer comparison method, we construct the whole-proteome phylogeny profiles, 3 important issues were not properly addressed: (i) the for a population of viruses from 11 viral families comprising 142 selection of the feature length, l, appears to be without logical basis; large dsDNA eukaryote viruses. The method is based on the feature (ii) no statistical assessment of the tree branching support was frequency profiles (FFP), where the length of the feature (l-mer) is provided; and (iii) the effect of HGT on phylogenomic relationship selected to be optimal for phylogenomic inference. We observe was not considered. HGT in LDVs has been documented by that (i) the FFP phylogeny segregates the population into clades, alignment-based methods (19–22), but these studies have mostly the membership of each has remarkable agreement with current searched for HGT from host to a single family of viruses, and there classification by the International Committee on the Taxonomy of has not been a study of interviral family HGT among LDVs. -
ICTV Code Assigned: 2011.001Ag Officers)
This form should be used for all taxonomic proposals. Please complete all those modules that are applicable (and then delete the unwanted sections). For guidance, see the notes written in blue and the separate document “Help with completing a taxonomic proposal” Please try to keep related proposals within a single document; you can copy the modules to create more than one genus within a new family, for example. MODULE 1: TITLE, AUTHORS, etc (to be completed by ICTV Code assigned: 2011.001aG officers) Short title: Change existing virus species names to non-Latinized binomials (e.g. 6 new species in the genus Zetavirus) Modules attached 1 2 3 4 5 (modules 1 and 9 are required) 6 7 8 9 Author(s) with e-mail address(es) of the proposer: Van Regenmortel Marc, [email protected] Burke Donald, [email protected] Calisher Charles, [email protected] Dietzgen Ralf, [email protected] Fauquet Claude, [email protected] Ghabrial Said, [email protected] Jahrling Peter, [email protected] Johnson Karl, [email protected] Holbrook Michael, [email protected] Horzinek Marian, [email protected] Keil Guenther, [email protected] Kuhn Jens, [email protected] Mahy Brian, [email protected] Martelli Giovanni, [email protected] Pringle Craig, [email protected] Rybicki Ed, [email protected] Skern Tim, [email protected] Tesh Robert, [email protected] Wahl-Jensen Victoria, [email protected] Walker Peter, [email protected] Weaver Scott, [email protected] List the ICTV study group(s) that have seen this proposal: A list of study groups and contacts is provided at http://www.ictvonline.org/subcommittees.asp .