Mollov I., D. Georgiev, O. Todorov (Eds.) Faunistic diversity of the city of Plovdiv (Bulgaria), Volume 1 – Invertebrates Bulletin of the Natural History Museum – Plovdiv Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Plovdiv, 2018, Supplement 1: 19-28

Terrestrial Gastropods (: ) in the City of Plovdiv

Atanas A. Irikov*

University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, Faculty of Biology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Conservation, 24 Tsar Assen Str., Plovdiv, BULGARIA *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract. A complete review of the terrestrial malacofauna in Plovdiv City was conducted based on the literary and new data. The outcome of the research is the identification of 49 species and subspecies of terrestrial snails, belonging to 19 families, from which the presence of 37 species in the city is reported for the first time. It has been determined that 7 of the species reported prior to the research are no longer located in the city of Plovdiv. A zoogeographic analysis of the malacofauna was performed. Interesting cases of registered coastal, endemic of the Rhodopes Mountains and of Plovdiv species have been reported.

Key words: terrestrial snails, city of Plovdiv, Bulgaria.

Introduction Both authors researched a significant amount of Until recently there was not much data on the material, most likely collected by local non- terrestrial snails in the city of Plovdiv. KOBELT professional collectors and due to that the precise (1906) gave an account on the following species in geographical locations of the habitats of the species the Rhodopes Mountains and the region of Plovdiv are not available (WAGNER, 1927). HESSE (1911- City (on accordance with WOHLBEREDT, 1911) – 1916) published a number of species “from the Campylea trizona var. rhodopensis and var. surroundings of Philippopel” (= Plovdiv City) in thracica (Kobelt, 1906) (= Cattania rumelica his series on the Mollusca in Eastern Rumelia, with Rossmässler, 1839), Helix (Helicogena) thracica no precise locations but for one single exception. (Kobelt, 1906) [= Helix (Helix) lucorum Linnaeus, The material he studied had been sent to him by a collector unidentified to this day, named in the 1758], Helix (Helicogena) albescens var. bulgarica publication “Mr Prof. Boris”. Twenty eight species (Kobelt, 1906) [= Helix (Helix) albescens of terrestrial snails and varieties were reported in Rossmässler, 1839], Helix (Helicogena) figulina the publication, some of them of unclear systematic var. eumolpia (Kobelt, 1906) [= Helix (Helix) statute, others unavailable in the region and figulina Rossmässler, 1839]. The next development obviously void, whereas another group are endemic of the malacological literature on the Eastern for the middle sections of the Rhodopes Mts. Balkans was provided in the article of Obviously the material sent to Hesse covers a WOHLBEREDT (1911) and mainly in a series of much wider area than the surroundings of Plovdiv, reports of HESSE (1911; 1912; 1913; 1914a; b; encompassing also a part of the Rhodopes Mts. 1916a; b), which seriously enhanced the This was confirmed by WOHLBEREDT (1911), who information of the Eastern Balkan malacofauna. in his publication on the Mollusca in Bulgaria

© Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Plovdiv Regional Natural History Museum – Plovdiv http://rnhm.org/en/ University of Plovdiv Publishing House Terrestrial Gastropods (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in the City of Plovdiv registered the species published by Hesse and on the Mollusca on the Balkan Peninsula, more indicated specifically the location of the studied specifically in Bulgaria and in Thrace, based on the material, namely, the Rhodopes Mts. sides near material researched at The Royal Museum of Plovdiv City, “Stanimaka” (= Assenovgrad City) Natural Science in Sofia, as well as on literature and other surroundings of Plovdiv City. HESSE sources. In this monograph he described a new (1912) described three new species, again from “the subspecies Acicula similis bulgarica (Wagner A.J., surroundings of Plovdiv”. The data on the first 1927) [= Platyla similis (Reinhardt, 1880)] and identified species, Helicigona (Arianta) pelia reported another six from “the Maritsa River banks Hesse, 1912 [= Chilostoma pelia (Hesse, 1912)] in in Plovdiv City”. In the same monograph Serbica the region of Plovdiv City, is obviously incorrect, marginata major (Rossmässler, 1839) [= since this is an alpine species, widely distributed at Macedonica marginata major (Rossmässler, 1839)] an altitude of more than 1000 m a.s.l. and is not is referred to as from “the surroundings of identified anywhere in the Thracian Plain. The Plovdiv” yet the species is typically mountainous, other two species, Clausilia thracica Hesse, 1912 never found in the plains and with certainty its [= Euxina persica (Boettger, 1879)], according to nearest possible habitat are the Rhodopes Mts. the rule of priority) and Clausilia (Wagneria) sides. PETRBOK (1941) reports three species borisi Hesse, 1912 [= Euxina promta (Schmidt, specifically found in the city – Helix 1868)], according to the rule of priority), have also (Cryptomphalus) aspersa [= Cornu aspersa been reported for the region of Plovdiv City (see (Müller, 1774)], Helicigona trizona balcanica IRIKOV & MOLLOV, 2006). HESSE (1913) (Kobelt, 1876) [= Cattania balcanica (Kobelt, presumed that Clausilia (Idyla) fraudigera 1876)] and Eobania vermiculata (Müller, 1774) in (Rossmässler, 1839) [= Bulgarica (Bulgarica) addition to the species found in the surroundings fraudigera (Rossmässler, 1839)] occurred of Plovdiv City and in the alluvial deposits on the somewhere in the close proximity of Plovdiv City. Maritsa River banks; the first two of these three According to HESSE (1914a) the species Theba species were void and they are not found in the carascaloides (Bourguignat, 1855) [= Monacha city. Although the reported terrestrial snails most carascaloides (Bourguignat, 1855)] occurred in often are specified to be from “the surroundings of Plovdiv City and earlier it was also presumed by Plovdiv” or on “the Maritsa River banks in him and by WOHLBEREDT (1911) for Helix Plovdiv” (in the alluvial deposits in particular) frequens (Mousson, 1859) [= Monacha frequens (KOBELT, 1906; HESSE, 1911-1916; WOHLBEREDT, (Mousson, 1859)]. The same author (HESSE 1914b) 1911; WAGNER, 1927), it is obvious that with a few reports the occurrence of Pseudotrichia rubiginosa exceptions these data are not related to the city area (Schmidt, 1853) in the region of Plovdiv City as or its outskirts. URBAŃSKI (1960a; b), reported eight species, this time specifically identified in the well as the species Helix philibinensis syenite hills of Plovdiv City, and except for the (Rossmässler, 1839) also in Plovdiv City on the basis of the material from shells purchased at the species Monacha cartusiana they are definitely market in Sofia City by the Serbian professor specific for the city (see IRIKOV & MOLLOV, 2006 commenting on the latter). The same author Pavlović. During 1913-1914 HESSE received by mail a parcel sent by an unidentified individual with (URBAŃSKI, 1960а; 1969) commented that the detritus of alluvial deposits in the Maritsa River in species reported by HESSE (1916a) in sand deposits the region of Plovdiv City. He published the most likely drifted by the tributaries of Maritsa River as it flowed down from the Rhodopes Mts. identified molluscs (HESSE 1916a) in a sequel to the annual register of Mollusca in Eastern Rumelia, RIEDEL (1964; 1969; 1975) reported Oxychilus drifted previously: Helix vulgarissima (Mousson, translucidus (Mortillet, 1854) in the parks of the 1859) [= Xeromunda vulgarissima (Mousson, city. NORDSIECK (1973) reported Bulgarica 1859)] in Plovdiv City factually belongs to Helicella thessalonica (Rossmässler, 1839) [(= Bulgarica obvia dobrudschae (Kobelt, 1878) [= Xerolenta denticulata thessalonica (Rossmässler, 1839)] in obvia nomen nudum dobrudschae) (Menke, Plovdiv City. DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975) report six species in literatures sources, two of 1828)]. Specifically for Plovdiv City, HESSE (1911- 1916) reported the identified species in a series of them, Faustina (Cattania) trizona rumelica articles and rather fortuitously reported four (Rossmässler, 1838) [= Cattania rumelica species. WAGNER (1927) published a monograph (Rossmässler, 1838)] and Helix (Cryptomphalus)

20 Atanas A. Irikov aspersa Müller, 1774 [= Cornu aspersa (Müller, River, industrial areas, farming areas in the outskirts 1774)] as void in the city. KÖRNIG (1983) found etc., or a total of 700 samples. One part of the Bulgarica fritillaria (FRIVALDSZKY, 1835) near material (of good quality) is preserved in the private Maritsa River in Plovdiv City. In our opinion this is collection of the author. Because in the past many a case of empty shells drifted in the Maritsa River of the taxa were reported to be from the city of and its tributaries because we could not find living Plovdiv on the basis of the shells found in the specimens in the city. IRIKOV (2006) has provided alluvial deposits of Maritsa River, we conducted an an account of the new endemic for Plovdiv City alternative research by collecting shells washed out subspecies Bulgarica varnensis trimontsiana of the river within the boundaries of the city with Irikov, 2006, identified only on the syenite rocks in the goal of comparing them to the present urban the area of Trihalmie Hill. GEORGIEV & malacofauna. In order to differentiate the shells, the STOYCHEVA (2013) have produced a photograph river alluvial deposits were sifted through a system of Cecilioides jani (De Betta & Martinati, 1855) if sieves. The classification of IRIKOV (2008), from Plovdiv City and GEORGIEV (2014) reports IRIKOV & MOLLOV (2006; 2015), IRIKOV & an Oxychillus camelinus (Bourguignat, 1852) on GERDZHIKOV (2016) was applied for the Rahat Tepe Hill (= Nebet Tepe, a part of Trihalmie identification of the zoogeographic characteristics. Hill) in Plovdiv City. Results Tables 1 and 2 present all species and habitats Material and Methods of terrestrial snails in the city of Plovdiv, in the In order to summarize the actual availability alluvial deposits of Maritsa River and in the and occurrence of the species of terrestrial snails in surroundings of the city, identified in literature the city of Plovdiv all literary sources have been sources and new data. The Arabic numbers in provided as well as a multitude of new results of Table 2 correspond to the numbers of the habitats the long term research (1999 – 2015). The material in Table 1. The Arabic numbers used for the has been collected in all parts of the city – open zoogeographic characteristics in the Discussion spaces between the blocks of flats, parks, alleys, correspond to the consecutive number of the gardens, hills, the banks and islands of Maritsa species in Table 1.

Table 1. Locations of the collected terrestrial snails in the city of Plovdiv.

No. Locality Notes 1. Park near Bratska Mogila (Memorial park) Zapad District 2. Alluvial deposits in Maritsa River near park “Loven Park” Zapad District (former “Ostrova” Park) 3. Alluvial deposits in Maritsa River near Maritsa Stadium Zapad District 4. Alluvial deposits in Maritsa River near the Sugar Refinery Karshiaka Neighborhood 5. Mladezhki Halm Hill (Dzhendem Tepe Hill) Central part of Plovdiv City 6. Halm Bunardzhik Hill (Bunardzhik Tepe Hill) Central part of Plovdiv City 7. Danov Halm Hill (Sahat Tepe Hill) Central part of Plovdiv City 8. Lauta Park Iztochen District 9. Trimontium Hotel Central part of Plovdiv City 10. Foreign Languages School Karshiaka Neighborhood 11. Kamenitsa 1 near Iztochen Boulevard Central part of Plovdiv City 12. Stochna Gara Station (Cargo Station) Central part of Plovdiv City 13. “Otdih i Kultura” Park by the Rowing Canal Zapad District 14. Trihalmie Hill (includes Nebet Tepe Hill, Dzhambaz Tepe Hill, Central part of Plovdiv City Taksim Tepe Hill) 15. Rhodopes Coach Station Yuzhen District 16. Botanical Gardens Iztochen District 17. Stroitel Sports Hall Karshiaka Neighborhood 18. Plovdiv Stadium Zapad District 19. Adata Island in Maritsa River Central Plovdiv – Iztochen District 20. Elin Pelin Primary School Zapad District 21. Akademik Sports Complex Central Plovdiv – Iztochen District

21 Terrestrial Gastropods (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in the City of Plovdiv 22. Maritsa Stadium Karshiaka Neighborhood 23. University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski” - main building Central Plovdiv 24. Rogosh Cemetery Park Karshiaka Neighborhood 25. Sever Coach Station Karshiaka Neighborhood 26. Maritsa River banks in the city of Plovdiv Under stones, stumps and refuse 27. Irrigation Canal near Trakia Neighborhood Trakia Neighborhood 28. Trakia Neighborhood Open space between blocks of flats 29. Technical University Near Sankt Peterburg Boulevard 30. Lokomotiv Stadium Trakia Neighborhood 31. Parks, gardens, alleys, hills, open space between blocks of flats City of Plovdiv and other sites around the city 32. Gardens and parks in Plovdiv City of Plovdiv 33. Nebet Tepe Hill (as part of the Trihalmie Hill) Central part of Plovdiv City 34. Mikhail Takev Street Central part of Plovdiv City 35. Foreign Languages School near Maritsa Stadium Karshiaka Neighborhood 36. Trakia Industrial Area Trakia Neighborhood 37. Maritsa River banks between Gerdzhika Bridge and Adata Island Central part of Plovdiv City

Table 2. Registered species of terrestrial snails in the region of the city of Plovdiv. All species of terrestrial snails reported to this moment in the region of Plovdiv in various literature sources, as well as those registered for the first time in the city are listed in the first column. The symbol # marks the species which are void, and the symbol * marks the species that are new for the fauna of Plovdiv City. In the second column Arabic numbers mark the locations in Table 1 and the collectors, with the year of the collection of the material in the city, whereas in the third and fourth column the authors reporting the species in the alluvial deposits of Maritsa River and in the city surroundings are listed, as well as the habitats and the collectors who have collected material during the original research. The Arabic numbers in the columns correspond to the specific locations, indicated in Table 1.

Alluvial Deposits in Maritsa Plovdiv City Species Registered Data on Plovdiv River around and in Plovdiv surroundings 1. #Platyla similis (Reinhardt, 1880) – WAGNER (1927); URBAŃSKI (1960а) – URBAŃSKI (1960а) 2. *Carychium minimum (Müller, 1774) 1 – Mollov, 2003 – 2, 3 – Mollov, Kirov, 2003 3. #Vertigo substriata (Jeffreys, 1833) – – DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975) 4. #Vertigo antivertigo (Draparnaud, 1801) – 4 – Kirov, 2003 – HESSE (1916a); URBAŃSKI (1960а) 5. #Vertigo moulinsiana (Dupuy, 1849) – DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975) 2 – Mollov, 2003 HESSE (1913) 6. #Vertigo pygmaea (Draparnaud, 1801) – – 3 – Kirov, 2003 7. #Vertigo angustior (Jeffreys, 1830) – – DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975) 8. #Truncatellina claustralis HESSE (1916a); URBAŃSKI (1960а) – – (Gredler, 1856) 3 – Kirov, 2003 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 – 9. *Truncatellina cylindrica Georgiev, Irikov, 3 – Kirov, 2003 – (Ferussac, 1807) Mollov, Kirov, 2001, 2009 10. *Pupilla muscorum (Linnaeus, 1758) 11, 12 – Georgiev, 2002 2, 3 – Mollov, Kirov, 2003, 2005 – 11. #Agardhiella macrodonta (Hesse, 1916) – HESSE (1916a); WAGNER (1927) DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975) 12. *Sphyradium doliolum (Bruguiere, 1792) 6, 13 – Irikov, 2001 HESSE (1916a) – 13. #Chondrina avenacea (Bruguiere, 1792) – HESSE (1916a) – 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 – 14. *Vallonia costata (Müller, 1774) Irikov, Georgiev, 2, 3 – Mollov, 2003, 2005 – Mollov, Kirov, 2001 – 2011 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 2, 3, 26 – Georgiev, Mollov, 15. *Vallonia pulchella (Müller, 1774) 22, 23, 24, 25 – Irikov, Kirov, 2003 – 2009 – Georgiev, Mollov, Kirov, 2001 – 2011

22 Atanas A. Irikov 11 – Georgiev, WAGNER (1927) 16. *Vallonia enniensis (Gredler, 1856) – 2002 2, 3, 4 – Mollov, Kirov, 2003 17. #Vallonia excentrica Sterki, 1892 – 2, 3 – Mollov, 2003, 2005 – 18. #Acanthinula aculeata HESSE (1916a) – – (Müller, 1774) 2 – Mollov, 2005 2, 3, 26 – Georgiev, Mollov, 19. #Cochlicopa lubrica (Müller, 1774) – – Kirov, 2003 – 2005 5, 6, 7, 8, 14, 15, 19, PETRBOK (1941); 24 – Irikov, 20. *Cochlicopa lubricella (Porro, 1838) URBAŃSKI (1960а) – Georgiev, Mollov, 3, 26 – Georgiev, Kirov, 2003 Kirov, 2002 – 2013 21. #Merdigera obscura (Müller, 1774) – 2 – Mollov, Kirov, 2005 HESSE (1911) 5, 7, 14 – Irikov, 22. *Chondrula tridens (Müller, 1774) Georgiev, Mollov, WAGNER (1927) – Kirov, 2002 – 2013 URBAŃSKI (1960а) 1, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 14, 23. Chondrula microtragus 15, 27, 28, 29, 30, WAGNER (1927) HESSE (1911) (Rossmässler, 1839) 31 – Irikov, 3 – Kirov, 2003 WAGNER (1927) Georgiev, Mollov, Kirov, 2000 – 2013 24. #Chondrus zebra tantalus (L. Pfeiffer, 1868) – HESSE (1916a) HESSE (1911) URBAŃSKI (1960а) 5, 6, 7, 14, 16, 24, 25. Zebrina detrita (Müller, 1774) 27, 28 – Irikov, HESSE (1916a) HESSE (1911) Georgiev, Mollov, Kirov, 2000 – 2013 26. #Cochlodina laminata (Montagu, 1803) – HESSE (1916a) – 27. #Macedonica marginata HESSE (1911) – 10 – Kirov, Mollov, 2003 (Rossmässler, 1835) WAGNER (1927) 28. #Euxina persica (Boettger, 1879) – – HESSE (1912) 29. #Euxina promta (Schmidt, 1868) – – HESSE (1912) 6, 14 – Irikov, 30. *Laciniaria plicata HESSE (1916a) Georgiev, Mollov, – (Draparnaud, 1801) 2, 3 – Kirov, 2003 Kirov, 2003 – 2005 31. *Laciniaria macilenta 6 – Kirov, Mollov, – HESSE (1911; 1912) (Rossmässler, 1842) 2003 – 2004 6, 7 – Kirov, HESSE (1916a) 32. *Alinda biplicata (Montagu, 1803) HESSE (1911) Mollov, 2003 2, 3 – Kirov, Mollov, 2003 33. *Balea kaeufeli (Brandt, 1961) 14 – Georgiev, 2002 – – 34. #Bulgarica varnensis HESSE (1916a) – HESSE (1911) (L. Pfeiffer, 1848) 2 – Kirov, Mollov, 2003 IRIKOV (2006) 35. Bulgarica varnensis trimontsiana 14 – Georgiev, – – Irikov, 2006 Irikov, 2003 36. *Bulgarica fraudigera 6 – Kirov, Mollov, HESSE (1911; 1913) – (Rossmässler, 1839) 2003, 2005. URBAŃSKI (1969) 37. #Bulgarica fritillaria HESSE (1916a) KÖRNIG (1983) – (Frivaldsky, 1835) 2, 3 – Kirov, Mollov, 2003 38. Bulgarica denticulata thessalonica NORDSIECK (1973) 26 – Irikov 2005, 2007 HESSE (1911) (Rossmässler, 1839) 7 – Kirov, 2003 2, 3 – Kirov, 2003, 2005 39. *Succinea oblonga Draparnaud, 1801 25 – Georgiev, 2003 HESSE (1911) 26 – Georgiev, 2003 HESSE (1916a) 6 – Kirov, Mollov, 40. *Oxyloma elegans (Rissso,1826) 26 – Georgiev, 2003 – 2003, 2004 2, 3 – Kirov, Mollov, 2003 WAGNER (1927) 41. #Cecilioides acicula (Müller, 1774) – – 2, 3 – Kirov, Mollov, 2003, 2005 42. *Cecilioides jani 14 – Georgiev, WAGNER (1927); PETRBOK (1941) – (De Beta & Martinati, 1855) Irikov, 2002 26 – Georgiev, 2002 43. #Cecilioides spelaeus WAGNER (1927) – – (A.Wagner, 1924) 2 – Kirov, 2003 44. #Euconulus fulvus (Müller, 1774) – 3 – Kirov, 2000 – 45. Zonitoides nitidus (Müller, 1774) HESSE (1914b) HESSE (1916a) HESSE (1911) 26 – Georgiev, 2002 2, 3 – Mollov, Kirov, 2003–2005

23 Terrestrial Gastropods (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in the City of Plovdiv

46. #Daudebardia rufa cycladum Martens, 1889 – HESSE (1916a) – 47. #Carpatica stussineri (Wagner, 1895) – 3 – Kirov, 2003 – 48. *Aegopinella minor (Stabile, 1864) 13 – Kirov, Mollov, 2003 2 – Mollov, 2005 – 49. #Vitrea contracta (Westerlud, 1871) – HESSE (1916a) – 50. #Vitrea sturanyi (A.Wagner, 1907) – HESSE (1916a) – 51. *Vitrea pygmaea (O. Boettger, 1880) 6 – Kirov, Mollov, 2003 – – 32 – RIEDEL (1964, 1969, 1975); 32 – DAMJANOV & 52. Oxychilus translucidus 26 – Georgiev, 2003 LIKHAREV (1975) – (Mortillet, 1854) 3 – Kirov, 2003 5, 6, 7, 14 – Georgiev, Irikov, Mollov, Kirov, 2003 – 2005 53. #Oxychilus deilus (Bourguignat, 1857) – HESSE (1916a) – 54. Oxychilus camelinus (Bourguignat, 1852) GEORGIEV (2014) HESSE (1913) – 13, 28 – Georgiev, 55. *Morlina glaber (Westerlund, 1881) Irikov, Mollov, 3 – Kirov, 2003 HESSE (1911) Kirov, 2002 – 2005 56. *Mediterranea hydatinus 12 – Georgiev, – – (Rossmässler, 1838) 2003 57. *Mediterranea inopinatus 5, 7 – Georgiev, HESSE (1911) – (Ulicny, 1887) Kirov, 2003 DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975) 5, 7, 8, 13, 28, 29, 58. *Tandonia kusceri 34 – Georgiev, – – (H. Wagner, 1931) Irikov, Mollov, Kirov, 2003 59. *Tandonia budapestensis 8 – Georgiev, – – (Hazay, 1881) Irikov, 2002, 2003 60. *Tandonia cristatа 8 – Georgiev, – – (Kaleniczenko, 1851) Irikov, 2002, 2003 5, 8, 29 – Georgiev, 61. *Limax conemenosi Boettger, 1882 – – Mollov, 2002, 2003 14, 34 – Georgiev, 62. *Limacus flavus Linnaeus, 1758 – – Kirov, 2003 HESSE (1916a) 63. #Vitrina pellucida (Müller, 1774) – – 2 – Mollov, 2005 64. *Deroceras sturanyi (Simroth, 1894) 27 – Georgiev, 2003 3, 26 – Georgiev, Kirov, 2003 – 5, 8, 11, 28, 29, 34 – 65. *Deroceras turcicum (Simroth, 1894) 3, 26 – Georgiev, Kirov, 2003 – Georgiev, Kirov, 2003 66. *Deroceras reticulatum (Müller, 1774) 8 – Georgiev, 2003 26 – Georgiev, 2003 – 67. *Deroceras agreste (Linnaeus, 1758) 5, 8 – Georgiev, 2003 – – 68. *Lindholmiola girva 5 – Georgiev, PETRBOK (1941) HESSE (1911) (Fivaldsky, 1835) Mollov, Kirov, 2003 HESSE (1916a); 69. #Trichia erjaveci (Brusina, 1870) – – DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975) PETRBOK (1941); HESSE (1911) 70. #Helicopsis striata (Müller, 1774) – DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975) 71. #Pseudotrichia rubiginosa (Schmidt, 1853) HESSE (1914b) – HESSE (1911) 72. *Monachoides incarnatus 1, 2, 3, 13, 19 – – – (Müller, 1774) Mollov, Kirov, 2003 HESSE (1916b); URBAŃSKI (1960а) 2, 3, 26 – Georgiev, Mollov, 73. Xerolenta obvia Menke, 1828 31 – Irikov, HESSE (1911) Kirov, 2003 – 2005 Georgiev, Mollov, Kirov, 1999 – 2005 URBAŃSKI (1960b) 5, 12,14, 15, 28, 29, 74. Cernuella virgata (Da Costa, 1778) 36 – Irikov, – HESSE (1911) Georgiev, Mollov, Kirov, 2003 – 2009 75. #Monacha cartusiana (Müller, 1774) URBAŃSKI (1960а) – HESSE (1911) 76. *Monacha claustralis (Menke,1828) 1, 6, 7, 13, 15, 24, 3 – Kirov, 2003 – 28, 35 – Irikov, 2 – Mollov, 2005 Georgiev, Mollov, Kirov, 2002 – 2011 77. #Monacha carascaloides (Boourgnat, 1855) HESSE (1914а) – HESSE (1911)

24 Atanas A. Irikov 5, 7, 8, 9, 27, 28, 35 – Irikov, Georgiev, 78. *Monacha solidior (Mousson, 1873) 26 – Georgiev, 2003 – Mollov, Kirov, 2002 – 2012 79. #Euomphallia strigella (Draparnaud, 1801) – – HESSE (1911) URBAŃSKI (1960а) 1, 5, 13 – Irikov, HESSE (1916а) 80. Fruticicola fruticum (Müller, 1774) HESSE (1911) Georgiev, Mollov, 2 – Kirov, Mollov, 2003 Kirov, 2003 – 2005 HESSE (1912); 81. #Chilostoma pelia (P. Hesse, 1912) – – PETRBOK (1948); URBAŃSKI (1960а) HESSE (1911) 82. #Cattania rumelica DAMJANOV & HESSE (1916a) PETRBOK (1941) (Rossmässler, 1835) LIKHAREV (1975) JAECKEL et al. (1957) 83. #Cattania balcanica (Kobelt, 1876) PETRBOK (1941) – – 1, 5, 6, 7, 8, 13, 14, 15, 19, 24, 27, 28, 29, 34, 37, 38 – 2, 3, 26 – Georgiev, Mollov, HESSE (1911); 84. *Helix lucorum Linnaeus, 1758 Irikov, Georgiev, Kirov, 2003 – 2005 DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975) Mollov, Kirov, 1999 – 2015 HESSE (1914b); URBAŃSKI (1960а); DAMJANOV & 85. Helix philibinensis LIKHAREV (1975) – HESSE (1916a) – Rossmässler, 1839 5, 6, 7, 13, 14, 19, 24 3 – Kirov, 2003 – Irikov, Georgiev, Mollov, Kirov, 2002 – 2009 86. #Helix figulina Rossmässler, 1839 – – DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975) 1, 5, 6, 8, 12,13, 14, 19, 27, 28 – HESSE (1916a) 87. *Cepaea vindobonensis Irikov, Georgiev, 3 – Kirov, 2003 HESSE (1911) (Ferussac, 1821) Mollov, Kirov, 2 – Mollov, 2005 2002 – 2005 PETRBOK (1941) URBAŃSKI (1960а) DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975) 88. Eobania vermiculata (Müller, 1774) – 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 13, 26 – Georgiev, 2003 – 14, 19, 24, 28, 29, 34, 38 – Irikov, Georgiev, Mollov, Kirov, 2002 – 2005 PETRBOK (1941); 89. #Cornu aspersa ( Müller, 1774) DAMJANOV & HESSE (1911) – LIKHAREV (1975)

Discussion uncritically as part of the urban fauna since they The present paper on the region of Plovdiv are of unknown origin and their initial discusses 89 species of terrestrial snails. So far localization and the majority of the shells most 19 species have been reported, 7 out of them likely have been drifted from closer or remote void and 37 reported for the first time as a distances by the river and its feeders. This is result of an original research conducted. supported by the fact that 26 species of the 49 Altogether the correctly identified terrestrial (53%) are not found in the city. There are 35 malacofauna in the city comprises 49 species. species reported in the “surroundings of There are data in the literature on 38 species on Plovdiv” and 19 of them (39%) are not found the alluvial deposits of Maritsa River in or near in the city (Table 2). These species cannot be the city and we too have identified most of added to the malacofauna of Plovdiv City since them, complemented by 24 new, not registered all of them have no precise localization and for till now – or there are 62 species in the alluvial some of them the nearest habitats are in the deposits. These 24 however we cannot confirm Western Rhodopes Mts.

25 Terrestrial Gastropods (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in the City of Plovdiv From a systematic point of view the largest the Siberian faunistic complex the Holarctic (5 number of species are identified in the families taxa – 10, 14, 15, 20, 45) prevail over the Trans- and Zonitidae (7 species in each), Palearctic (2 taxa – 39, 40). The geographic followed by the families: (5 situation, the abundance of xerothermic species), Agriolimacidae, Helicidae (4 species), biotopes, the flat country character of the city Vallonidae, Enidae, Milacidae (3 species), and the arid climate have favored the settlement Succenidae, Limacidae (2 species) and of the Asia Minor (3 taxa – 29, 54, 78) and the Carychinidae, Vertiginidae, Pupillidae, Orculidae, Iran-Turanian (2 taxa – 51, 84) xerophilic species Cochlicopidae, Frussaciidae, Gastrodontidae, of the South-East Asian faunistic complex. The Helicodontidae and Bradybaenidae (1 species). presence of the Mediterranean (1 taxon – 88) We can register that the malacofauna is and the Steppe-Eurasian species (1 taxon – 87) is constituted commonly found and wide-spread symbolic and that supports the assertion that the species. The relatively large representation of the malacofauna of the city of Plovdiv is relatively species from the family Clausiliidae is surprising, removed from these subregions of the European because in their origin and occurrence they are faunistic complex. The specific regional mostly mountainous, calciphilous species. character of the malacofauna of the city of Regardless of the absence of limestone they are Plovdiv is manifested in the surprisingly high found mostly on the hills of the city as these percentage of presence of endemics – Bulgarian partially resemble the woodland-mountainous (5 taxa – 31, 33, 35, 36, 85) and Balkan (2 taxa – habitats. 38, 42). One of the possible reasons for the high In terms of the ecological type, it seems that endemism is the presence of habitats unique for the maesophilic and the maesothermal species an urban environment among the hills in the with greater drought-resistance mostly prevail central district of the city. and this is tied down to the specific climatic Interesting case in the fauna of the city is the characteristics of Plovdiv City with its dry and occurrence of two coastal species Cernuella hot summer and humid and soft winter. virgatа, Eobania vermiculata, and two others The zoogeographic analysis suggests a endemic of the Western Rhodopes Laciniaria distinct prevalence of species of the European macilenta and Bulgarica fraudigera, as well as faunistic complex (28 taxa, 57%), followed by an endemic subspecies Bulgarica varnensis the Siberian (7 taxa, 14%)q the Southwest Asian trimontsiana only in Trihalmie Hill. C. virgatа (5 taxa, 10%), Mediterranean (1 taxon) and Steppe Eurasian (1 taxon) complexes, Bulgarian и E. vermiculata are found most frequently in endemics (5 taxa,10%) and Balkan endemic (2 the coastal habitats of the Black Sea Coast, very taxa). Among the species of European origin often among the psamophytic vegetation on the three groups are differentiated – Sub- dunes and on the beaches and are seldom Mediterranean (14 taxa), typical of the warmer dispersed far from the sea. Their presence in and more humid flat country and woodland Plovdiv City is in an isolated insular habitat, regions of Europe, the MidEuropean (13 taxa – significantly removed from the typical habitats. 2, 9, 12, 16, 22, 30, 32, 48, 64, 66, 67, 72, 80) The numerous and stable population of the two with wide-spread distribution in Trans-Palearctic species is a clear evidence for their long-term and Holarctic and Atlanto-Mediterranean (1 presence in the city although historically their taxon – 74), in the coastal areas of the Atlantic origin remains obscure for now. Even more and the Mediterranean. The Sub-Mediterranean surprising is the identification of the Western species in their turn could be divided into Holo- Rhodopes Mts. endemics L. macilenta and B. Sub-Mediterranean (2 taxa – 25, 56), East Sub- fraudigera only on one of the hills of the city Mediterranean (10 taxa – 52, 55, 57, 58, 59, 61, (Halm Bunardzhik Hill). Both species are 65, 68, 73, 76) and Euxenian (2 taxa – 60, 62). typically mountainous, calciphilous, closely tied The domination of the East Sub-Mediterranean down to specific limestone habitats. It seems faunistic element results from the geographical that the occurrence on the hill is only local, most location and the Mediterranean Transient climate often in the proximity of a stone fountain built of Plovdiv City, as well as the presence of of with a specific porous and soft variety of specific rocky and woodland-frutescent habitats limestone, known under the name of “bigor” on the hills in the centre of the city. Among the (travertine). Bigor is not a commonly found wide-spread species in the temperate latitudes of stone in our mountains, yet in the Western

26 Atanas A. Irikov Rhodopes Mts., for instance on the Dobrostan curator of the Eco-museum with Aquarium, part Elevation, it is wide-spread. The occurrence of of the Regional Museum of History in the city of the two endemic species in that region to a large Rousse, Krassimir Kirov who during their degree coincides with the availability of the students years participated perseveringly in the stone. We presume that during the construction collection of material from various parts of of the fountain the snails were transported (both Plovdiv City, for without their efforts the present ova and grown-ups in the pores of the stone) paper would hardly be such a valuable unintentionally by using construction materials contribution. of bigor stones from the Western Rhodopes Mts. The numerous populations, even though References locally dispersed demonstrate a successful DAMYANOV S., I. LIKHAREV. 1975. The Fauna of adaptation following a possible anthropochoria. Bulgaria, IV. Gastropoda terrestria. Sofia, The reported subspecies B. v. trimontsiana Bulgarian Academy of Science, 425 p. Irikov, 2006, endemic for the Trihalmie Hill, DEDOV I., L. PENEV. 2000. Species composition and through additional research most likely shall origins of the terrestrial gastropod fauna of acquire a new systematic statute of a species Sofia City, Bulgaria. Ruthenica, 10(2): 121-131. closest to B. varnensis and B. fritillaria. Its FRIVALDSZKY I. 1835. Köslések à' Balkány' presence on silicate rock terrains is a rare vidékén tett természettudományi phenomenon among the calciphilous species in utazásról. A' Magyar Tudós Társaság' the family Clausiliidae. Its insular occurrence in Évkönyvei, Budan, 2(1-7): 235-276. Trihalmie Hill and its absence from the GEORGIEV D. 2014. On the occurrence of remaining hills probably is due to its adaptation Oxychilus camelinus (Bourguignat, 1852) to the syenite rock habitats. in Bulgaria (Gastropoda: Zonitidae). Malacologica Bohemoslovaca, 13: 106-109. Conclusion GEORGIEV D., S. STOYCHEVA. 2013. First records The current paper on the region of Plovdiv City discusses 89 terrestrial snails, 37 out of of Cecilioides tumulorum (Gastropoda: which are reported for the first time in the city as Ferussaciidae) in Bulgaria. ZooNotes, 46: 1-6. a result of an original research. The rich variety HESSE P. 1911. Zur Kentnis der Molluskenfauna von of of correctly identified terrestrial malacofauna Ostrumelien, I. Nachrichtsblatt der Deutschen has average values of 49 species. In comparison Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft, 43: 142-155. 41 species have been registered in Sofia City HESSE P. 1912. Beschreibungen neuer Arten. – (DEDOV & PENEV, 2000), and 35 in the city of Nachrichtsblatt der Deutschen Stara Zagora City (IRIKOV & GEORGIEV, 2002). Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft, 44: 56-62. Many of the species reported in the literature HESSE P. 1913. Zur Kenntnis der Molluskenfauna from the alluvial deposits in the Maritsa River von Ostrumelien. II. Nachrichtsblatt der and in the surroundings of Plovdiv City are void Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft, in the fauna of the city. The snails are 45(1-16): 69-74. predominantly maesophilc and maesothermal HESSE P. 1914a. Helix frequens Mousson with greater drought-resistance, often found and (Helicidae, Mollusca). Mitteilungen des wide-spread in the SubMediterranean and Kaukasischen Museums. – Izvěstija Middle European subregions of the Palearctic. Kavkazskago Muzeja, 6:253-269. The relatively high percentage proportion of HESSE P. 1914b. Zur Kenntnis der Molluskenfauna von endemics is the result of the presence of hills unique in the urban environment with available Ostrumelien. III. Nachrichtsblatt der Deutschen specific habitats. Five species require additional Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft, 45: 49-58. research of their origin, occurrence, ecological HESSE P. 1916a. Zur Kentnnis der Molluskenfauna characteristics and taxonomy. von Ostrumelien, IV. Nachrichtsblatt der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft, Acknowledgments 43: 113-122. I would like to express my gratitude to HESSE P. 1916b. Mollusken von Varna und Associate Professor Dilian Georgiev, DSc, Umgebung. Nachrichtsblatt der Deutschen Associate Professor Ivelin Mollov, PhD, and the Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft, 48: 145–157.

27 Terrestrial Gastropods (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in the City of Plovdiv

IRIKOV A. 2006. New taxa of Clausiliidae from PETRBOK J. 1948. A Contribution to the knowledge of Bulgaria (Gastropoda: ). Archiv the Post-Tertiary Molluscs of Bulgaria. Sbornik für Molluskenkunde der Senckenbergischen Národniho Musea, Praha, 4B(3): 1-28. Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, Frankfurt URBAŃSKI J. 1960а. Beiträge zur Molluskenfauna a. M., 135(1): 81-89. Bulgarien (excl. Clausiliidae). (Systematische, IRIKOV A. 2008. Genus Monacha Fitzinger, 1833 in zoogeographische und ökologische Studien Bulgaria (Gastopoda, Pulmonata, Hygromiidae). über dieMollusken der Balkan-Halbinsel. V). Linzer Biologische Beitrage, 40(1): 785-811. Bulletin de la Société des Amis des Sciences IRIKOV A., D. GEORGIEV. 2002. Species composition, et des Lettres de Poznań, (D)I: 69-110. habitat occurrence, zoogeographic structure URBAŃSKI J. 1960b. Bemerkenswerte Clausiliiden and origin of the malacofauna in the city of (Mollusca, Pulmonata) aus Bulgarien. Stara Zagora. Travaux Scientifiques de (Systematische, zoogeographische und l’Universite de Plovdiv, Biologie, Animalia, ökologische Studien über die Mollusken 38(6): 5-16. (In Bulgarian, English Summary). der Balkan-Halbinsel. VI). Bulletin de la IRIKOV A., G. GERDZHIKOV. 2016. Molluscs Société des Amis des Sciences et des Lettres (Mollusca) (Terrestrial Gastropods and de Poznań, (D)I: 113-147. Freshwater Gastropods et Bivalvia) in URBAŃSKI J. 1969. Bemerkenswerte balkanische Sakar Mountain (Bulgaria). Historia Stylommatophoren (Systematische, Naturalis Bulgarica, 23: 195-206. zoogeographische und ökologische Studien IRIKOV A., I. MOLLOV. 2006. Terrestrial gastropods über dieMollusken der Balkan-Halbinsel. IX). (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of the Western Bulletin de la Société des Amis des Sciences et Rhodopes (Bulgaria). In: Beron P. (Ed.). des Lettres de Poznań, (D)9: 225-261. Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of WAGNER A. 1927. Studien zur Molluskenfauna Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. der Balkan-Halbinsel mit besonderer Pensoft and National Museum of Natural Berucksichtigung Bulgariens und Traziens, History, Sofia, pp. 753-832. nebst monographischer Bearbeitung IRIKOV A., I. MOLLOV 2015. Terrestrial gastropods einzelner Gruppen. – Annales zoologici (Mollusca, Gastropoda) of Strandzha Mountain Museum Polish, 6(4): 263-399. and the Black Sea Coast (Bulgaria and Turkey). WOHLBEREDT O. 1911. Zur Molluskenfauna von Historia Naturalis Bulgarica, 21: 13-48. Bulgarien. Abhandlungen der Naturforschenden JAECKEL S.G., W. KLEMM, W. MEISE. 1957. Die Gesellschaft zu Görlitz, 27: 167-234. Land- und Süsswasser-Mollusken der nördlichen Balkanhalbinsel. Abhandlungen Сухоземни охлюви (Mollusca: Gastropoda) в und Berichten aus dem Staatlichen Museum гр. Пловдив fuer Tierkunde in Dresden, 23(2): 141-205. KOBELT W. 1906. Die Familie der Heliceen, АтанасА . Ириков sechste Abtheilung. - Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet, 6: 308. Резюме: За първи път в настоящата статия е KÖRNIG G. 1983. Beitrag zur Ökologie und направен пълен преглед на сухоземната Zoogeographiebulgarischer Landgastropoden. малакофауна на град Пловдив, на базата на всички досега публикувани данни и нови изследвания. За Malakologische Abhandlungen Staatliches региона на гр. Пловдив се разглеждат 89 вида Museum fur Tierkunde in Dresden, 9(5): 31-52. сухоземни охлюви и е установено, че 7 от тях, NORDSIECK H. 1973. Neue Balkanformen der съобщени преди това, не се срещат в града. В Mentissoideinae und Baleinae (mit резултат на изследването са установени 49 вида и taxonomischer Revision der zugehörigen подвида сухоземни охлюви, принадлежащи на 19 Gruppen). Zur Anatomie und Systematik семейства, а 37 вида се съобщават за първи път за der Clausilien. XIII. Archiv für града. Извършен е паралел между таксоните Molluskenkunde, 103: 179-208. намерени в наноси на река Марица в рамките на PETRBOK J. 1941. Posttertiaria nonmarina града и актуалната градска малакофауна. Направен е mollusca bulgarica. Vestnik Kralovskê зоогеографски анализ и се съобщава за интересни České Společnosti Nauk. Praha, Třida случаи на регистрирани два крайморски, два Matemat.-přirodoved. Ro nik:c 1-39. ендемични за Родопите и един за Пловдив видове.

28