Facilitation of Horticulture Cluster in Dodoma, September 2018

LOCAL INVESTMENT CLIMATE PROJECT

FACILITATION OF HOLTICULTURE CLUSTER AT DODOMA

END OF PROJECT REPORT

September 2018

Dr. Victor George., Dr. Elia John., CPA-T David Mwakapala and DaudiMwasantaja

Contents LOCAL INVESTMENT CLIMATE PROJECT ...... 0 1.0 Background ...... 3 1.1 Objective of the Assignment ...... 3 1.3 Horticulture in Tanzania at a glace ...... 5 1.3.1 Horticulture Value Chain ...... 6 1.3.2 Horticulture at Dodoma ...... 7 1.3.2.1 Dodoma Profile ...... 7 1.3.2.2 Dodoma Municipality ...... 7 1.3.2.3 Chamwino District Council ...... 8 1.3.3 Seasonality of selected horticultural crops ...... 8 1.3.3.1 Chinese cabbage ...... 8 1.3.3.2 Chillies ...... 8 1.3.3.3 Tomatoes ...... 8 3.0 Methodology and Approach ...... 9 3.1 Approach ...... 9 3.2 Methodology ...... 9 3.2.1 Phase I: Start-up of the assignment ...... 9 3.2.2 Phase II: Desk review ...... 9 3.2.3 Phase III: Field Surveys ...... 10 3.2.4 Phase IV: Training Workshop and Study tours ...... 10 4.0 Key Findings ...... 11 4.1 Selection of Champions ...... 11 4.1.1 Identification and selection of 10 horticulture champions in Dodoma ...... 11 4.2 Need Assessment ...... 13 4.2.1 Good Agronomic Practices (GAP) ...... 14 4.2.1.1 Champion Input Usage ...... 15 4.2.1.2 Extension Services ...... 15 4.2.2 Value Addition...... 15 4.2.3 Production Challenges ...... 15 4.2.3 Marketing ...... 17 4.2.4 Financial Services ...... 18 i. Accessibility to financial resources ...... 18 1

ii. Lack of knowledge concerning financial assistant to farmers ...... 18 iii. Lack of knowledge to write bankable business plan and financial proposal for agriculture project ...... 18 iv. Poor financial and operation records keeping ...... 18 v. Negative attitudes towards Loans...... 18 4.3 Training on GAPS and Basic Financial Management and Record Keeping ...... 18 4.3.1 Good Agronomic Practices ...... 18 4.3.2 Basic Financial Management and Record Keeping ...... 19 4.3.2.1 Mode of Training...... 19 4.3.2.2 Outcomes of the Training-Workshop ...... 19 4.3.2.3 Training Recommendations ...... 19 4.5 Market Survey ...... 21 4.5.1 Introduction ...... 21 4.5.2 Horticulture Production in Dodoma ...... 21 4.5.3 Markets of Horticultural Products ...... 21 4.5.4 Linking Farmers to Reliable Markets...... 22 4.6 Profiling of Financial Institutions ...... 27 4.6.1 Introduction ...... 27 4.6.2 Specific financial institutions offering financial assistant to farmers and agri-business...... 28 4.6.2.1 AgriculturalDevelopment Bank (TADB)...... 28 4.6.2.2 Agriculture Input Fund ...... 30 4.6.2.3 NMB Agriculture special program ...... 32 6.2.2.4 CRDB Specialized loans for agriculture ...... 34 4.7 Agricultural Input Suppliers Profile ...... 47 4.8 Farmers Profile ...... 60 5.0 Project Ouput and Outcome ...... 74 5.1 Project Output ...... 74 5.2 Project Outcome ...... 74

1.0 Background The Local Investment Climate Project (LIC) has been given a mandate to invest in business infrastructure and business facilities and directly target the obstacles in business growth at the local level in Kigoma and Dodoma Regions.LIC support and invest in locally promising profit making cluster/value chain, one being the horticulture in Dodoma region. Similarly, we understand that LIC supported irrigated horticulture project since 2015 to test applicability of utilization of solar pumping system and gauge the efficacy of drip irrigation on vegetables. The test was done to one known as Mrs. Mercy Mtei. The initiative has had remarkable outcome in terms of production and has encouraged her expand the land for horticulture.

These tremendous results have led LIC strategizing how to further support the value chain to increase income and consequently diversify sources of income to the growing population of Dodoma which is the capital city of Tanzania. LIC embarked with the value chain analysis which prioritised tomatoes, chillies and Chinese cabbage for vegetables while in fruits; grapes, pawpaw and mangoes were prioritised. In that light recruited a consultant to support the selected ten champions improve their production and access better markets through green growth. LIC is envisioning Dodoma vegetables sold on supermarkets in all major cities and more importantly are able to fetch East African markets.

1.1 Objective of the Assignment The objective of this assignment was to; 1) Support ten champions to improve production through the use of expertise available (Capacity building and ensure ownership) 2) Support improvement of both production and financial records keeping 3) Facilitate ten champions access technical expertise (Linkage to technical expertise and ensure use of tested technology-green growth) 4) Facilitate the ten champions access reliable input suppliers (Contract or bulk purchasing) 5) Facilitate producers access financial support from financial institutions ( Capacitate financial institutions demands)

6) Facilitate access to reliable markets (Demand driven farming, improved packaging and branding, contract farming)

More specificallythe consultant was required to profile the ten champions and prepare each farmer needs to able to reach the desired goal. In doing so the consultant has to do the following: • Undertake market assessment to uncover the demand for the vegetables and use the same to improve marketability of their products • Profile and make available to farmers a list of potential suppliers of inputs. Farmers shall discuss and agree on the providers and enter into agreement • Support farmers keep proper records for banking use and as a tool of better management of their project • Link reliable uptakers of vegetables to producers

1.3 Horticulture in Tanzania at a glace The role of agriculture to the Tanzanian economy is not to be overemphasized. It accounts for 26% of Tanzania’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP), employs about 76.5% of the workforce (including 70% of women)1, and provides the livelihoods of 80% of the country’s population2. Horticulture is one of the fast growing sub-sectors in agricultural context.

The horticulture sector is a key employer of poor people in Tanzania. TAHA estimate that the sector employs about 450,000 people3. Many of these jobs are on the production side, with horticulture usually more labour intensive than the production of staple crops such as maize, cassava and banana and generates considerable employment through crop growth periods, (planting, weeding and harvest). Most of this production, at least of fruit and vegetable is carried out by small-scale farmers with plot sizes of 0.1-2 hectares4. Many off-farm jobs are created as well. Some are more skilled high-paying jobs, such as in processing, but many are for poor casual workers employed on a daily basis according to demand, such as carriers at wholesale and retail markets, farm workers as well as handcart drivers on the markets.

Horticultural sector is rapidly growing in Tanzania. UNCTAD estimate of sector size using 2012 harvest data is that horticulture is the eighth most produced agricultural commodity by quantity at 1,755,000 tonnes and ninth by value at 330,714,000 USD5.

The PASS Trust6 notes production of 1,709,622 tons of fruit, 656,513 of vegetables and 9,390 of flowers annually. Match Maker Associates7 (using 2003 data) find that Tomato production is higher than any other fruit and vegetable crop in Tanzania with a total production of 129,578 tons, which represents 51 percent of the total fruit and vegetable production. This is followed by cabbage with 41,495 tons (16.3%) and onions with 36,087 tons (14.2%). The production of other

1World Bank 2017: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.AGR.EMPL.FE.ZS 2 WFP Strategic Review 2016: Framework for Food and Nutrition Security in Tanzania 3 TAHA strategy 4 HODECA 5 Enhancing linkages between tourism and sustainable agricultural sectors in the United Republic of Tanzania, 2015, UNCTAD. 6 Draft investment potential for horticulture and floriculture industry, 2013, PASS Trust 7Fresh fruit and vegetable sub sector/ value chain analysis Tanzania, 2008, Match Maker Associates 5

fruit and vegetable crops is relatively small. More importantly, horticulture is a rapidly growing sector. TAHA8notes that it is the fastest growing sub sector within agriculture recording an annual average growth rate of 11% over the last five years.

1.3.1 Horticulture Value Chain Adopting from UN Rapid Market Assessment 2016, the horticulture value chain has five core functions (production, trade, marketing, processing and consumption). The chain has a number of supporting function and rules and regulations as depicted in figure 1 below.

Supportingfunctions Infrastructure Packaging

Seeds Access tofinance Fertilizer and Training and

pesticides information

Fruit and vegetable valuechain

Production Trade Marketing Processing Consumption

Business regulation Youth and agriculturenorms Qualitystandards Farmercoordination Exportingprocedur es Taxes and standardsforimportin gagricultural inputs Rules and regulations Figure 1: Horticulture Value Chain

8 Magazine Horticulture in Tanzania, Issue 1, 2016, TAHA 6

1.3.2 Horticulture at Dodoma

1.3.2.1 Dodoma Profile Dodoma region is situated in central Tanzania. It lies between 4º and 7º South latitudes and between 35º and 37º East longitudes. The region has a total area of 41,310 square kilometres. Administratively, Dodoma is divided into seven districts namely; Dodoma Urban, Kongwa, Mpwapwa, Bahi, Chamwino, Kondoa and Chemba. The estimated population of Dodoma according to the Population and Housing Census General Report (2002b) was 1,852,283 people. Nevertheless, for the purpose of this project two districts were taken in the project i.e Dodoma Municipality and Chamwino District.

1.3.2.2 Dodoma Municipality

Dodoma Urban District is one of the fastest growing district in the region. The growth rate of the district is estimated to be 2.2%. It accounts for 20% of the entire region population. The district covers 2,607km2 of land out of which only 15% is used for irrigation farming9.

Table 1. Zoning of horticultural production within Dodoma municipality: Zone Villages/Wards Key Crops 1 – Iringa Road Matumbulu, Mpunguzi, Nkulabi, Tomatoes & Grapes Mbambala, Nkonze 2 – Dar es Salaam Road Ihumwa, Mtumba, Kikombo, Chinese Cabbage, Coriander, Vikonje Chillies, Tomatoes 3 – Hombolo Road Hombolo, MahomaMakuru, Grapes, Chinese Cabbage, Ipala Tomatoes 4 – Koriba Road Msalato, Veyula, Miyuji Chinese Cabbage, Spinach, tomatoes 5 – Hazina Road Michese Tomatoes & grapes Source: LIC Horticulture Value Chain Analysis Report 2017

9Agricultural Census 2007/08 7

1.3.2.3 Chamwino District Council

Chamwino district is one among the seven districts of Dodoma Region. The district has 36 ward and 107 villages with a population of 330,543 people. The main economic activity of Chamwino is agriculture employing around 90% of the working population. The district has the second largest number of agricultural households accounting for 13% of such households in the region10. In terms of horticultural production the district utilizes some 209 ha in different horticultural production activities most of which is for the production of leafy vegetables. The district has some 6,929 ha potential for irrigation out of which only 209 is currently in use11.

1.3.3 Seasonality of selected horticultural crops A value Chain Analysis study that was conducted by LIC in 2017 established seasonality of some selected horticultural products at Dodoma region. Knowing the crop seasonality help farmers to plan appropriately for profitable period to engage in horticultural farming.

1.3.3.1 Chinese cabbage The market season for Chinese cabbages is between June and December. Even though the farmers grow the crop beyond these months, the markets have a higher demand too during this season.

1.3.3.2 Chillies Chillies have two growing seasons annually. The high season is rainy season which is between the months of February to May while the low season is the low rains season between September and November.

1.3.3.3 Tomatoes There are two major tomato production seasons in the two districts; the long rains (Masika) season and the dry or short rains (Kiangazi) season. Tomatoes are mostly cultivated in the Kiangazi season.

10 United Republic of Tanzania National Sample Census of Agriculture 2007/08 11LIC Horticulture Value Chain Analysis Report 2017 8

3.0 Methodology and Approach

3.1 Approach The project approach based on the requirements of the TORs as provided by the client. This assignment was more of participatory in nature with minimal non-participatory processes in order to maximize the involvement of relevant stakeholders.

3.2 Methodology We opted a methodology composed of four conceptual phases. (i) Start-up of the assignment (ii) Desk review (iii) Field Surveys (iv) Trainings and Study tours. More details on each phase are presented hereunder.

3.2.1 Phase I: Start-up of the assignment The assignment started with a meeting between the consultant and the client at LIC project office. The meeting allowed the two parties to get acquainted to each other and to clarify the expectations of the project especially on the lessons to be learned from our experiences with similar assignments. Moreover, in that meeting in-depth discussion of the details of the proposed project approach was done. The discussions enhanced a common understanding between the two parties on both the methodology and contents of the project.

3.2.2 Phase II: Desk review At this phase the consultant will reviewed different documents that contain relevant information to the theme of the project. Some of the documents reviewed included; • LIC Horticulture Value Chain Analysis, 2017 • Horticulture Value Chain in Tanzania, 2011, TAHA • Towards unlocking the hidden potential of Horticulture in Arusha Tanzania, 2015, Mwandima • Magazine Horticulture in Tanzania, Issue 1, 2016, TAHA

• Koenig et al, Market-driven development and poverty reduction: A value chain analysis of fresh vegetables in Kenya and Tanzania, 2008

3.2.3 Phase III: Field Surveys The consultants opted field survey so as to get a broad picture of the champion activities and identify gaps that would form basis on strengthening identified champions. In this respect therefore, the consultants surveyed horticultural farmers available at Dodoma Municipal and Chamwino. This method helped in identifying the 10 champions among many and conducting need assessment. Furthermore it assisted in surveying the financial institutions, input suppliers and market actors.

3.2.4 Phase IV: Training Workshop and Study tours Basing on need assessment that was conducted, the consultants proposed and conducted training on Good Agronomic Practices (GAPs), Basic financial management and record keeping.

4.0 Key Findings

4.1 Selection of Champions The first activity in relation to the selection of ten horticulture champions was to develop selection criteria in order to identify appropriate farmers for the project. These criteria were developed in collaboration with some horticultural stakeholders. The following criteria were used in screening horticulture farmers in Dodoma region.

 The farmer must be based within Dodoma region  The farmer must be engaging in Horticulture production that is commercial oriented  The farmer must be willing to participate in horticulture cluster project supported by LIC  The farmer should be having an arable land for agriculture  The size of the farm should be either small or medium in terms of size

The following characteristics were applied in categorizing farmers and determine whether they fall under small or medium size. For small size;  Size of land should be less than 2 acres  Amount of capital invested should be below 50 millions  The farmer must be applying modern technology of agriculture  Annual sales revenue must not exceed 40 million Tanzanian shillings

For medium size categpry the farmer must be having the follwingcharacteristis;  Size of land should be above 2 acres  Amount of capital invested should be above 50 million Tanzanian shillings  The farmer must be applying modern technology of agriculture  Annual sales revenue must exceed 40 million Tanzanian shillings 4.1.1 Identification and selection of 10 horticulture champions in Dodoma The consultants’ team visited several horticulture farmers around Dodoma city and other two districts namely Chamwino and Bahi. During this exercise the following horticulture farmers were identified and visited.

Table 1: A list of Surveyed Farmers

S/N Name Gender Location Farm Amount Annual Contact size of capital sales 1 Salum M Chikopelo 10 15 million 35 0759420840 Mamba millions 2 NsubiBukuku M Msalato 20 80 60 0713473509 millions millions 3 Loveness F Majumbamiatatu 3 12 18 0717747723 Joseph millions millions 4 Raymark M Miyuji `10 118 40 0766458165 Peter millions millions 5 Alice F Ihumwa 3 80 20 0715697011 ExaudMuro millions millions 6 Gabriel M Miyuji 5 16.1 36 0769070744 Kavishe millions millions 7 Medard M Bahi 3 8 millions 7 0754909248 Gasper millions 8 Silvanus M Miyuji 3 5 9 0757254978 Fred millions 9 Mercy T F Mipango 8 100 50 0754430257 Mtei millions millions 10 Peter M Mchemwa 8 60 27 0752056868 Mwakasis millions millions 11 Paul Alex M Msalato 18 200 80 0625653492 Kijuu millios millions 12 Angelina E. F Msalato 6.5 53 63 0754202445 Ndeivai millions millions 13 EvelnMadeje F Buigili 40 187 60 0754307632 14 Visent Frank M Mipango 10 18 30 07549972906 15 Anthonio M Miyuji 4 12 14 0782500298 Michael

Based on the above selection criteria, the following ten champions were selected. The Common horticultural crops cultivated by these farmers were noted to be; tomato, sweet pepper, cucumber, hot pepper, leaf vegetables (Chines, spinach, amaranthas), okra, onion, eggplant and watermelon.

Table 2: A list of Selected 10 Champions

S/N Name Gender Location Farm Amount Annual Contact 12

size of capital sales 1 Salum M Chikopelo 10 15 million 35 0759420840 Mamba millions 2 NsubiBukuku M Msalato 20 80 60 0713473509 millions millions 3 Loveness F Majumbamiatatu 3 12 18 0717747723 Joseph millions millions 4 Alice F Ihumwa 3 80 20 0715697011 ExaudMuro millions millions 5 Gabriel M Miyuji 5 16.1 36 0769070744 Kavishe millions millions 6 Mercy T F Mipango 8 100 50 0754430257 Mtei millions millions 7 Peter M Mchemwa 8 60 27 0752056868 Mwakasis millions millions 8 Paul Alex M Msalato 18 200 80 0625653492 Kijuu millions millions 9 Angelina E. F Msalato 6.5 53 63 0754202445 Ndeivai millions millions 10 EvelnMadeje F Buigili 40 187 60 0754307632 millions Millions

4.2 Need Assessment The consulting team conducted a need assessment survey to the identified and selected 10 champions. The results of the assessment is presented below. The production capacity of the 10 champions was assessed. It was noted that, the champions have different production capacity on different crop varieties ranging from 2 tonne to 64 Tonnes see Table 3 below. Table 3: Champions Production Capacity

Champions Name Total Land Size ( Land under production Crops Grown (Capacity) Salum Mamba 5 4 Onion (70 bags) ,sweet pepper (2 T), hot epper (no records), cucumber (no records) NsubiBukuku 20 4 Tomatto (30 T), onion (70 Bags), sweet pepper(No Record),cucumber(3 T) and maize (No Record)

Loveness Joseph 3 2 Tomatto (10 T) ,sweet pepper (2 T), hot epper (0.2 T) Alice ExaudMuro 3 1.5 Tomatto (10 T), okra (1 T) Gabriel Kavishe 5 2.5 Water mrllon (No Record), Okra(No Record, ,sweet pepper(No Record, hot epper (No Record, cucumber(No Record Mercy T Mtei 8 6 Tomatto(64 T), egg plants ,sweet pepper(18 T), hot epper(12 T), cucumber(12 T) Peter Mwakasis 8 3 Tomatto, okra, egg plant, cucumber Paul Alex Kijuu 18 4 Tomatto (25 T),sweet pepper, hot epper, green beans Angelina E. Ndeivai 6.5 2.5 No records on capacity: Tomattosweet pepper hot epper cucumber EvelnMadeje 40 10 Tomatto (15T),sweet pepper (30 T), hot epper (5 T) and leaf vegetables (1.2)

4.2.1 Good Agronomic Practices (GAP) Almost all selected champions are practicing Good Agronomic Practices (GAP) in their farming activities. They use relevant inputs, follow required production procedures in regard to site selection, land preparation, seed selection, plating, fertilization as well as pest and disease control. Nevertheless, slight variations were observed in the type of inputs applied and procedures used in selecting the type of seeds to be planted. In addition post-harvest handling activities like storage are rarely practiced by many farmers. The undertaken study also reveals that very few farmers have undergone any formal training in relation to post harvest handling and value addition. This might be due to the fact a lot of farmers tend to sell almost all of their produce at the farm gate. Similarly, farmers acknowledge the importance of having frequent capacity building on GAPs basing on individual crops.

4.2.1.1 Champion Input Usage The study noted that majority of farmers use improved seeds in their farms. The main suppliers of improved seeds are Mniko, NgaoAgrovet, Mosabi, Blessing and Chora. Other inputs used include insecticide, fungicide and fertilizer. Many of this inputs are locally available from agro dealers. However, there are complaints from some farmers that some of the input suppliers sell counterfeited products. Hence, there are times when they have to buy from other reliable suppliers outside the region or even the country. For that reason the study found the need of identifying and profiling local reliable suppliers.

4.2.1.2 Extension Services Access to extension services is vital for the growth of horticulture. The study noted that extension services are inadequate to many horticulture farmers. Several farmers mentioned that they always seek to consult extension and agricultural officers for GAPs. However, it was found that these extension and agricultural officers are not readily available to provide prompt and reliable services when needed. As a result they face serious challenges in applying appropriate inputs and dealing with pest and diseases. Ultimately, horticulture production is not reaching its potential.

4.2.2 Value Addition Value addition to farm produces enables farmers to fetch better price and sometimes good markets. More over value addition in other cases prolongs shelf life of the produce. Nevertheless, the study found that none of the surveyed farmer was adding value to their produce. Training component in the same has also been missing. This situation might also be the reason that forces them to sell their produce direct to middlemen once after harvest.

4.2.3 Production Challenges Farming is associated with many challenges. In this case the champions are facing the following challenges as found in this study;

 Lack GAP knowledge; The big challenge is how to identify pest and disease and to know the best pesticide for controlling those pest ans disease  Lack of Post harvesting handling knowledge  Inadequate capital  Lack of reliable water supply  Lack of reliable electricity

 High cost of production

Moreover, during this survey, we noted outbreak of Tutaabsoluta (Kanitangaze) to some farmers, this was noted to Mama Mtei and Gabriel Kavishe but this pest is now a big challenge to all horticulture farmers across Tanzania. These farmers have been advices on applying suitable insecticide among the following included in Table 1. Follow-ups on the same will be done by an expert identified in this project.

Table 4: Insectcides that Treats Kantangaze

Trade name Active Ingridient Manafacture company Distributor company Virtako Thiamethoxam Syngenta Triachem 200 g/l + Chlorantraniliprole 200 g/l Coragen® 20 Chlorantraniliprole Du Pont Tanzania Crop care SC 200 g/L International Operations Sarl, Switzerland Tracer 480SC Spinosyn A and B Dow Triachem AgroScience, France Belt 480SC* Flubendiamide Bayer East Triachem 480g/L Africa Limited, Kenya Cutter 112 EC acetamiprid 64 g/l + Arysta Life Science Balton Tanzania emamectin benzoate 48 g/l

Wiltigo emamectin benzoate BIDII TZ BIDII TZ

Biotrine 5% Abamectin 50%g/L Russell IPM Ltd- By trade Tz EC UK Evisect 50 SP thiocyclam 50% Arysta Life Science Arysta/ Triachem Amsac 14.5EC Indoxacarb Twiga Chemical Twiga Chemical 140.5g/L Industries Industries Tanzania Tanzania Crotale 46 EC indoxacarb 30 g/l + Arysta Life Science Arysta/ Triachem acetamiprid 16 g/l

4.2.3 Marketing The market information sought from visited farmers show that the main market for horticultural products is the local market. Almost all farmers sell their produce to individual wholesalers/dealers and middlemen at the farm gate. These dealers distribute the products to big markets in the city center (particularly Majengo market) to different vendors and retailers who finally sell to end individual consumers. In relation to market linkages and training, the study found that all visited farmers have attended any training and do not have established market linkages that can provide them relevant market information and ensure access to reliable markets. Many farmers use their informal networks and rely on the internet to search for market information. Hence, they lack knowledge and skills to understand the required product standards and specifications particularly of the export market. This justifies that reason behind their failure to penetrate other local and international markets and thus relying only on the domestic market. Likewise, the study observed that marketing strategies like branding, pricing and promotion are not applied adequately by the farmers. This is because no packaging that is done and the all farmers manage to sell all of their products soon after harvest. However, the price is mainly determined by the demand and supply of the produce. Based on these findings through market assessment is needed to be done to uncover the market for the vegetables from Dodoma in other domestic and international markets. Similarly, marketing strategies training on issues such as packaging and branding as well as market requirements is needed to these farmers.

4.2.4 Financial Services During study visit for ten elected champions, it was observed that all farmers have inadequate financial resources which is the results of incapability of mobilizing and accessing financial resources. In the same line of argument, it has been discovered that, the majority of farmers do not follow the proper way of keeping financial and operational records. Specifically the following are the major issues that need to be addressed.

i. Accessibility to financial resources Many farmers dealing with horticulture fall short of mechanisms to access financial resources. This is fueled by lacking enough information on basic sources of getting the said resources.

ii. Lack of knowledge concerning financial assistant to farmers It was observed that many horticulture farmers lack proper knowledge concerning financial institutions that can assist them to boost their capital and other financial requirements. There is a lot of financial institutions like commercial banks, Agriculture specialized bank and agriculture special funds.

iii. Lack of knowledge to write bankable business plan and financial proposal for agriculture project Many farmers have inadequate knowledge to write bankable financial proposal special for loans that suits horticulture and be entrusted by financial institution to repay their loans as agreed.

iv. Poor financial and operation records keeping Thestudy observed that the majority of farmers do not follow the proper way of keeping financial and operational records and many of them use informal record keeping. This results to barriers on accessing financial resources as many banks and other financial institutions need proper and formalized financial and operation records. Furthermore poor record keeping creates difficulties in tracing performance history of framers.

v. Negative attitudes towards Loans. Many farmers have negative attitude towards loans and collateral issues. Farmers fear their assets will be forfeited if they fail to return the loan on due time. This attitudes resulted by lack of proper information and knowledge concerning agricultural bank loans.

4.3 Training on GAPS and Basic Financial Management and Record Keeping

4.3.1 Good Agronomic Practices During need assessment survey it was identified that majority of farmers were engaged in farming tomatoes, peppers, carrots, onions, okra and green vegetables. In that line training

manuals on the same was prepared (See appendix i). A four days intensive workshop was organized to facilitate the trainings. 4.3.2 Basic Financial Management and Record Keeping The training-workshop took place on 18-21 June 2018 at the MACC conference Room, Dodoma City Council. The training scheduled from 16 hours to 18.30 hours every day of training. A Training manual was developed and appended in this report (Appendix ii).

4.3.2.1 Mode of Training. The training was participatory in nature where farmers allowed to share their experience and challenges concerning record keeping and financial book keeping. The end of the session practical was conducted to cement the knowledge of the participant on the trained themes.

4.3.2.2 Outcomes of the Training-Workshop Due to this training workshop participants provides the following comments.

1. It was the first time they have attended fruitful workshop concerning financial issues and record keeping.

2. The training is beneficial to them and their carrier in agribusiness 3. Most of participants acquired general knowledge of the record keeping and financial issues

4. The training improved their understanding on standardized accounting procedures 5. Basic knowledge of important financial documents 6. Acquiring ABCs on writing bankable agribusiness proposal and understanding general issues involved.

7. Learning new techniques for monitoring farm revenues. 8. Using of computerized spreadsheet to record farm business records were enhanced

4.3.2.3 Training Recommendations Based on a brief and informal assessment by the trainers, we present the following recommendations:

i. Conduct a learning needs assessment for new training, to gauge the participants’ level of awareness and understanding of indigenous farmers' issues.

ii. To expand the time frame of the training so that participants can have enough practical time to test their understanding on the acquired new knowledge 19

iii. To have a mechanism for follow-up on the outcomes of the LIC trainings. iv. To facilitate horticulture farmers on new training and packages of computerized boking systems for the farms projects.

v. To maintain a catalogue of indigenous or culturally-sensitive training appetite to horticulture farmers

vi. To invite local indigenous resource persons to present on their situation (success stories) vii. To provide accounting worksheet (standardized books) for record keeping of horticulture project.

4.5 Market Survey 4.5.1 Introduction The horticultural industry has become one of the fastest growing and most vibrant agriculture sub-sectors of the countries’ economy for more than 10 years. In Tanzania, the bulk of horticultural production is done by smallholder farmers with a land less than 2 acres. Many of these producers use traditional methods. The horticultural crops in Tanzania include onions, carrots, tomatoes, oranges, pineapples, flowers seeds, cabbages, round potatoes, avocado, banana, passion, green (French) beans, among others. The studyhas found that majority of the horticultural produced in the country are sold directly and through middlemen at the local and regional markets.

4.5.2 Horticulture Production in Dodoma Dodoma is one of the regions that are involved in horticulture production of both fruits and vegetables. It is the major producer of grapes which is the main cash crop in the region. Similarly, Dodoma produces pawpaw that it mainly sold and consumed locally. The most cultivated vegetables in the region are tomatoes, onions, okra, chillies, and green paper, spinach among many.

4.5.3 Markets of Horticultural Products For the purpose of this study the markets were grouped into two categories: namely domestic markets and international (export) markets. During this assignment, it was observed that most of the horticultural products produced in Dodoma are sold at the local markets particularly Majengo market in Dodoma City. Majority of farmers sell their produce at farm gate directly to venders or wholesale buyers and middlemen at market centers. The other major local market destination outside Dodoma is Kariakoo market in Dar es Salaam. Table 1 below shows the prices of selected horticultural products sold at Majengo market in Dodoma.

Table 1: Prices of Horticultural Products at Majengo

S/N Produce Wholesale Price Retail Price Unit/Volume Price Unit/Volume Price Low High Low High 1 Tomatoes 1 saddolin 4000 8000 1 bunch 500 1000 2 Onions 1 saddolin 4000 8000 1 bunch 500 1000 3 Green 1 saddolin 3500 Pepper 7000 1 bunch 300 500 4 Chillies 1 saddolin 2000 5000 1 bunch 500 500 Source: Market Survey 2018

In regard to the export markets, the team of consultants found that at the moment no farmer from Dodoma who is selling vegetables outside the country. There are some export figures from the Ministry of Trade and Industry which provides data of exports trends for selected fresh vegetables to various destinations in the world market. However, it is worth noting that these figures do not show any export that is coming from Dodoma region.

In general, the findings in relation to the market access show that farmers of horticultural products in Dodoma do not have access to reliable markets and they lack relevant market information (particularly about international market). Therefore, linking farmers with reliable markets was one the main objectives of this assignment. The next section depicts different market linkages and justifies those which were identified to be relevant for the ten selected champions.

4.5.4 Linking Farmers to Reliable Markets “Linking farmers to markets” can involve a whole range of activities, from the very small and localized to the very large international market. The concept of market

linkage emphasizes on development of long-term business relationships and networks as opposed to focusing on immediate sales and revenue growth. This mirrors trends in developed country markets, where there has been a rapid shift from sales through open markets to direct sales that involve linkages and alliances from production to consumption. These types of market linkage can be categorized in various ways such as; • Farmer to domestic trader; • Farmer to retailer; • Linkages through a leading farmer; • Linkages through cooperatives; • Farmer to agroprocessor; • Farmer to exporter; and • Contract farming.

However, these categories do not, of course, represent the whole range of market opportunities and capabilities available to farmers of horticultural farmers from Dodoma. Therefore, identification of relevant market linkages for the ten champions was determined by several factors. For the domestic market, farmers’ profile in terms of land size, type of horticultural products produced and production was used to identify the ideal market linkages. While for the export market; variety of products that are of high value and demanded in the export market as well as the supporting infrastructure and transportation logistics involved in transporting fresh vegetables was applied in deciding whether the ten champions are capable of selling their products abroad.

For instance, it was found that the most demanded vegetables in the export market are green (French) beans, baby corns, snow peas, sugar snaps, butternuts, and herbs. Nevertheless, these vegetables varieties need rainy and cold weather to flourish and thus they are not cultivated in Dodoma which is a semi-arid region. In addition; handling, storage and transportation of fresh vegetables is very delicate and expensive. One would need a well-equipped pack house, refrigerated trucks, and reliable nearby cargo flights that go direct or connect with other flights

to export market destinations. Dodoma does not have an international airport and is very far from the two international airports (KIA and JKNIA). Similarly, these international airports have limited cargo space for fresh vegetables to allow regular and cost effective transportation even for those farmers who are convenient to them. For example, during the interview with one exporter who is based in said that;

“Sometimes we opt to use Jomo Kenyatta International Airport in Nairobi to export our produce to the Netherlands, Belgium, United Kingdom or elsewhere, because of availability of direct cargo flights and space. This situation reduces transportation costs and guarantees high product quality” Thus, the export market particularly the Europe market was found to be very challenging and not ideal for farmers from Dodoma. It is against these facts which made the consultants to focus on the domestic market linkages. Though, few market linkages were also identified in Nairobi in Kenya. The market linkage that was chosen is “farmer to domestic trader”. Traders have traditionally interacted with farmers on a one to-one basis, either buying from them at local markets or at the farm gate. The contact details of potential traders showing their names, location, mobile phone number and the type of the produce which they would prefer to buy are shown in Table 2 below.

Table 5: List of Potential Vegetable Buyers

S/N Produce Location Name Phone Number Nairobi Jason Maina +254721454429 Nairobi Murithi +254723521552 Dar es salaam Blesh +255,785,782,800 Arusha John Shayo +255,768,613,035 Arusha Pigika 0754096483 1 Water Melon Dodoma Langolango +255,715,215,902 Dodoma RamadhaniMzazi 0715215902 Lindi Juma Jabil 0787987896 Lindi Ismail Kambona 0719555810 Morogoro Ally 0719555810 Shinyanga Kalungando 0764799457

Shinyanga Majuto 0767367151 Shinyanga Emmanuel Shirima 0759594113 Shinyanga Essau 0744558371 Unguja HamisJuma +255,772,172,508 Unguja OmaryBakari +255,772,272,875 Unguja OmaryAmeir +255,774,272,939 Dar es salaam Shabani +255,786,254,463 Dodoma ShabaniShabani 0687446034 Lindi Musa Said 0673237338 Lindi FatmaMpaloni 0686808399 Lindi JumaMponda 0787631472 2 Green pepper Mtwara AbdallahMchopanga 0719981633 Shinyanga Grace Michael 0755447048 Shinyanga Halima Hassan 0756833353 Unguja Ally Bee +255,715,462,177 Unguja AmeMshindani 0776398606 Dar es salaam Kitosi +255,684,669,891 Dar es salaam HabibuUroki +255,719,076,873 Dar es salaam FaraniKisusi +255,767,144,144 Dar es salaam ShafiiHamisi +255,754,844,407 Dar es salaam Peter Paul +255,655,075,401 Mombasa IsayaMoreka +254,724,229,825 Mombasa James Ng'ang'a +254,728,306,444 Arusha Smati 0755238325 Dodoma Gilbert Momboje 0784798937 Dodoma Hamis Bomu 0755304196 Dodoma James Augustine +255,754,936,606 Lindi Suleiman Erasto 0686175439 3 Tomatoes Lindi AbdallahLijoka 0789040413 Lindi Suleiman Kosepe 0686175439 Lindi JumaMponda 0712485640 Lindi Said Kyoka 0627434016 Lindi Mustapha Mukama 0656431777 Mtwara Said Mtota 0787755152 Mtwara Said Nampanyule 0782199318 Mtwara HamidaMtalika 0656141819 Pemba Ally J Kombo +255,777,472,616 Shinyanga Simoni Julius 0762,057,549 Shinyanga Emmanuel Sebastian 0755322654/ 0755322654 Shinyanga Gasper Juliua 0621456822 Shinyanga Luhende 0765634544 25

Tanga Shibela 0653557397 Unguja Sharif Hassan (Makelele) +255,777,497,466 Unguja BenardMihayo +255,757,261,697 Unguja Nurdin +255,714,890,305 Hamis +255,773,847,555 Bi. Amina 0777211656 4 Onions Source: Market Survey and TAHA Marketing information System Furthermore, the survey at TAHA indicated that they have an online market information platform that is available to all mobile subscribers. To access the information a farmer has to follow these steps:

1. Send a short message “TAHA” to 15670

2. You will promptly get a message that you have been successfully registered at TAHA marketing information platform

3. In order to use the platform call *149*59#

4. Follow the self-directing dialogue box to get whichever market information you need

At this platform the following information exist:

1. Price of horticulture products

2. Buyers with their full contacts

3. Transportation information

4. Horticulture production data

4.6Profiling of Financial Institutions 4.6.1 Introduction Agriculture dominated by small scale farming, employs about 70 per cent of the population and contributes over 30 per cent of the national economic output. Rural population in Tanzania was last measured at 69.10 per cent in 2014, according to the World Bank.Farmers need soft loans to modernize agriculture and improve production, which is vital in supporting efforts to build an industrial economy. But according to the World Bank (WB), banking sectors in developing countries, including Tanzania, lend a much smaller share of their loan portfolios to agriculture compared to agriculture's share of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Most commercial banks in Tanzania regard agriculture as a high risk business to lend, thus leaving it financially underserved.For the WB, lending institutions should find ways to de-risk agricultural finance by addressing both individual risks as well as important systemic risks.Individual risks are often linked to credit risk assessment, and information and systems to help. Information can assist financial institutions in credit risk assessment by promoting credit bureaus and linkages with value chain companies.This limits investment in agriculture by both farmers and agro-enterprises.It also demonstrates that the barrier to lending isn't due to a lack of liquidity in the banking sectors, but rather a lack of willingness to expand lending to agriculture. Even when available, much of the agriculture funding tends to be informal and short-term, precluding longer-term investments. This informal funding only partially covers the financial needs of farmers and small agribusinesses, and usually at a high cost. Similarly, most financial institutions' lack of knowledge in how to manage transaction costs, agriculture-specific risks and how to market financial services to some agricultural clients. The need for investing in agriculture is increasing due to a rising global population and changing dietary preferences of the growing middle class in emerging markets toward higher value foods. Demand for agriculture financing is still very large apart from the government initiative of establishing the Agricultural Development Bank (TADB). This is a state-owned development finance institution (DFI) established as an apex national-level bank with the key role of being a catalyst for delivery of short, medium and long- term credit facilities for development of agriculture in the country. Its establishment is among the key initiatives and national goals enshrined in the Vision 2025 to achieve food self-sufficiency and food security, economic development and poverty reduction. The TADB has so far issued 5bn/- loans as of October 2016 with 21,526 small scale farmers benefiting.

4.6.2 Specific financial institutions offering financial assistant to farmers and agri-business. The following are the list of financial institutions specifically deals with agriculture business directly or through special programs.

4.6.2.1 AgriculturalDevelopment Bank (TADB). This is a state-owned development finance institution (DFI) established as an apex national-level bank with the key role of being a catalyst for delivery of short, medium and long- term credit facilities for development of agriculture in the country. Its establishment is among the key initiatives and national goals enshrined in the Vision 2025 to achieve food self-sufficiency and food security, economic development and poverty reduction. According to TADB June Newsletter The TADB has so far issued 7bn/- loans as of October 2017 with 21,526 small scale farmers benefiting.

i. Types of loans and interest rates

In carrying out its obligations the bank has been issuing short-term loans; medium term loaans; and long term for small and medium-sized, medium-sized and medium-sized farmers, especially to cover the gap of cash acquisition on valuable chains in the agricultural, livestock, fishing and forestry industries. The Bank has been offering credit for cheaper interest as follows: Credit type Loan Time Interest for the Year Loans to Smallholder Farmers Short; Medium and Long 8% - 12% Loans to Medium and Large Scale Farmers; Short; Medium and Long 12% - 16% Loans to Off-takers of Farmers Short; Medium and Long 15% - 18% Cooperative Loans (Syndicated Loans) Short; Medium and Long According to Market Interest and Terms of Service

ii. Kinds of loans offered TADB

a. loans to farm production until harvesting ( pre - harvest loans) b. post-harvest loans c. resource loans d. loans to build infrastructures

iii. Terms and conditions (loan requirements)

a. Loan Application letter indicating the type and amount of credit required, purpose, Source of repayment and time.

b. Unlimited Debt Certificate and estimate approved by the Corporate Office (For cooperative only).

c. Business License Certificate - (for registered business). d. Tax Certificate and VAT Registration Certificate - (for registered business). e. Business Plan. f. Profile of the farmer. g. Production report for three (3) seasons and harvest prospects for the next season (Report showing total quantity Produced, Total Sales Acquisition, Sales Prices per kg / ton per Total Sales). h. Budget / cost of farming for acres from farming, seed, fertilizer, medicinal products, concentrations, harvesting until preserving the garbage.

i. The calendar of theirs and the Strategic Plan will start to climb, plant, fertilizer until harvesting and exporting.

j. If there is any Information and Agreement between farmer and the Consumer, Hidden and Drug Service Provider. The input of the input provider is accompanied by its specifications as Business License, Certificate Distribution Certificates from the relevant authorities.

k. A contract for the sale of a competent buyer with whom the Party has benefited or the order of sales accepted as a receipt of the receipt of the barn (for cooperative)

l. Information on the Storage of warehousing information (or the Rental Lease Agreement as a party does not have a Galaxy). m. Financial Information

• Banking report for the last 12 months.

• Estimated Financial Flow / Estimates of Income and Expenditure.

• Party Audit Information Statements for three years.

• All the latest and current Credit Statements that the farmer has borrowed / claimed by any financial institution (credit agreements should be attached).

n. Security of the loan. 29

• Copies of security documents of the proposed security.

• Tentative valuation of the proposed collaterals.

4.6.2.2 Agriculture Input Fund The Input Fund provides the following loans: - agricultural and animal input loans that are manufactured in various types of fertilizers good seeds, medicines and veterinary vaccines, veterinarians, veterinarians and veterinary products. farming and livestock and weed poisoning, lending to buy new trains, lending to establish trailer rental centers, mortgage repair loans, power tillers, lending for small irrigation tools, and small tools small farming such as storks and animals Plough

The beneficiaries of agricultural and animal input loans are farmers or pastoralists through groups, farmers or private breeders, Primary Associations, District Input Bags, Investment Associations and SACCOSs and two-year transactional supplier agencies

i. Kind and modality of loan

The fund offers loan to farmers in form of input supplies and not cash based. The farmer will identify the requirement of the input supplies needed including infrastructures and select recognized input supplier/s where the fund will pay on behalf of the farmers and agreed interest rest.

The applicant will fill out a specific application form that will attach to the offices of the District / City / Municipal Council and the site of the fund. This form will be approved by the District Veterinary Officer and Veterinary Development and the District Executive Director of the relevant District Councils.

The Assistant Officer in the Councils will collaborate with the owner and his instructor to assess the extent of the trafficking of the tractors in the areas identified in the statement of initial rehabilitation studies. Recommendations should consider the maintenance level so that the cost of inputs and crews should not exceed the maximum possible range.

The Applicant will select the Manufacturer / Manufacturer from the list of companies that will enter into the contract with the Input Fund. The Manufacturer / Manufacturer will perform rehabilitation under the supervision and inspection of Tools Officer. The manufacturer will be responsible for issuing a certificate of certification of work / maintenance and six-month maintenance for spare parts.

Application forms along with the required templates will be sent to the CEO, the Input Fund guarantee of this loan are farm land, real machines such as tractor card and other real estate. The term of the loan is one to six years for interest of 7%- 8%.

ii. Terms and Conventions for the input provision.

Farmers and private breeders, companies and brokerage agents, must have a title deed and legally recognized. The requester must be the holder of the document that will be eligible for the loan. The loan holder will be required to obtain a confirmation from the office of the land where his deposit is guaranteed regarding the legitimacy of his ownership and that it does not have any problems in filling the consent letter.

For the applicant's credits the applicant has entered the enterprise for a period of not less than two years. District Unpaid Inputs Inquiries will be valued by the relevant District Councils.

SACCOS, non-profit farmers and breeders must have a savings equivalent to one third of the loan they apply. Applicants of this group will be required to become members of the financial institution that will provide a loan on behalf of the Input Fund.

The applicant will be required to pay the cost of assessing the loan's loan with one percent of the loan that will be approved.

For new trader loans, the applicant must have a self-centered garden not exceeding 50 acres and be ready to offer the rental tractor to his fellow farmers.

The tractor will be required to perform small and large repairs for the tractor as soon as possible by the manufacturer or trader of the tractor. In addition, the tractor will be part of the credit card and the Registration Card will be subject to the Fund's ownership until the loan is returned.

The time to recover the Input Fund lending is one and a half years for agricultural and veterinary loans, two years for tractor repair loans, three years for power tiller and five years for big tractors.

4.6.2.3 NMB Agriculture special program Back then among other loan (MSME) NMB bank was financing agriculture to traditional crops through very structured approach, the main focus was on the following crops (cash crops) such: -

• Tabacco and Sugar Cane-Out growers (Contract farming-Kilimo cha mkataba) • Coffee and Cashew-Warehousing receipt financing • Cotton and Tea (the banks not accessed)

The main challenge of these crops is that, they are very influenced by policies, once policy change automatically the bank also become affected.

Come 2016, the Bank positioned to utilize the market opportunities in agribusiness in Tanzania by focusing on value chains for different crops. The products ranges from upstream to downstream i.e. financing from individual farmers, small, medium, large and cooperatives including agriculture input suppliers, agro processors, traders, importers and exporters. Key to success in NMB agriculture financing has been the continuous investment in sector knowledge, product and partnerships with key stakeholders which ultimately brings tailor made pool of products that are relevant and suitable to market needs. Therefore, Agribusiness Department provides loan facilities (Commercial Unit) together with Food and Agribusiness Research and Advisory Services (FAR). Moreover, NMB Foundation for Agricultural Development as a separate supporting unit plays an important role in capacity building for cooperatives and farmer groups.

i. Value Chain plays important roles as follows; • Improves relationship among suppliers/customers • Reduces the risks of the farming operations • Speed up process of innovation and product development • Access to better equipment and facilities for improved efficiency is made possible. • Place less emphasis on land/farming as only source of income 32

ii. The new lending approach after AVC (Agricultural Value Chain)

NMB has developed a unique lending approach to agribusinesses and gathered a wealth of experience that makes the bank more competitive in agriculture value chain financing than its competitors. The bank offer tailor made financing solutions to agriculture sector under various products as listed and described below:

1. Warehouse Receipt Financing

• These are loans given to registered farmer groups, individual farmers, commodity traders and businessmen. The funding is based on commodity stocked in the bank’s controlled and authorized warehouse after submission of a warehouse receipt. The bank holds the crops stored in the warehouse until buyers pay for the crops they purchased.

2. Out-growers Loan Schemes (contract farming)

• Out grower’s loans are designed to facilitate farmers dealing with production of crops under contract farming arrangement to get working capital to meet costs of farming, inputs purchase, crop maintenance, harvesting and other related crop development costs. The scheme involves a tri-partite relationship i.e. the bank as financier, the buyer/processor and the farmer/producer. The bank finances crop inputs which are either delivered by the off-taker or agri-input dealers. The harvest is contracted to the off-taker who pays the crop proceeds through the bank whereby the loan is repaid and the remainder is available for the farmer/producer group.

3. Working capital/Overdraft credit Facilities-Farmers, processors and traders

4. Short, medium and long term Loan facilities- e.g. Asset Facilitation-Tractors, Irrigation appliances, Godown building and so on

5. Agribusiness bank accounts (i.e. Business, Personal and Saving accounts)

iii. NMB Foundation for Agricultural Development (NFAD)

The Foundation's aim is to strengthen the management of cooperatives and farmer organizations in terms of leadership, governance, marketing and financial skills as well as production techniques to improve production volume per unit area as well as quality. Hence make the farmers' organizations and cooperatives sustainable and bankable for eventual increase of farmers' income. Therefore, Agribusiness department taps the expertise entrusted within the Foundation to further develop the farmer groups and cooperatives in conjunction with the new Agribusiness strategy.

iv. NMB Agribusiness Partners

The bank associates with the following partners in agribusiness

• PASS • GOVERNMENT (BOT) • Agricultural Boards such as (TTB, TCB) e.t.c • Insurance companies • Suppliers (industries) • Unions (WETCU, CORECU)

6.2.2.4 CRDB Specialized loans for agriculture CRDB is a commercial based bank, though they recognize agriculture projects and offers loans to agriculture value chain through specialized loan schemes for agribusiness. CRDB offers cash loans and in-kind loans to framers. The loan category can be pre-harvest or post-harvest depending by the need of the farmer. The bank offers loans to farmers in form of cash requirements, agriculture inputs of infrastructure. The minimum loan requirement is one million (TSH 1,000,000) and the maximum is up to the requirement of the client. CRDB offers loan at every stage of agriculture value chain depending by the need of the client, from farm preparation, farm maintenance, harvest, extension services, value addition, storage/ warehousing and market services.

i. Terms and conditions a. Security of the agriculture loan. The primary security of agriculture loan is the farm land accompanied by the official title deed or recognized traditional deed. (Certificate of occupancy). The secondary collateral will be the owner’s assets like house, plants and equipment’s with official title deed. b. Method of payments The payments depend on the choice of the client of agriculture loan, payment mode can be monthly (for farmers who can generate frequently revenues), semiannually, Bullet system (according to season of the farm product) or lump- sum (the whole loan and interest to be paid at once when the project ended). c. Interest rate. The interest rate varies according to the amount of the loan (small loan bears huge interest compared to large loan. Interest range from 9.8% to 17% per annum.

List of banks and financial institution in Tanzania. Although not all banks and financial institutions provide specific financial assistant to farmers, this report note all banks and financial institutions in the country and then provides further explanations to financial institutions directly involved with farmer. The following are the list of banks and financial institutions available in Tanzania according to Bank of Tanzania.

Access Bank Tanzania Ltd (“ABT”) Access Bank Tanzania Ltd (“ABT”) is a commercial bank with a special focus on microfinance. Having opened its doors to the public in November 2007, ABT has quickly evolved into a recognised provider of financial services to micro, small and medium-sized (MSMEs) and the general lower and middle income clientele of Tanzania. Advans Bank Tanzania Advans Bank Tanzania received a license to operate as a fully-fledged commercial bank in May 2010 and was incorporated in June 2010. Its initial shareholders are Advans SA as majority

shareholder and FMO (the Netherlands Development Financial Company). Advans Bank Tanzania opened its first branch in Dar Es Salam, in the administrative yard of Manzese, in February 2011 Akiba Commercial Bank (ACB) Advans Bank Tanzania commenced banking operations in August 1997 as an initiative of over 300 Tanzanian entrepreneurs who were inspired overall to move into micro-finance, by the moral and economical concern for the plight of Tanzanians. Azania Bank Azania Bank Ltd (formally 1st Adili Bancorp Ltd) is now a Commercial Bank was established in 1995 as a financial institution following the liberalization of the banking sector. The initiative of setting up the bank came from indigenous Tanzanians who teamed up with the two social security fund in the country, National Social Security Fund (NSSF) and Parastatal Pension Fund (PPF) to support the startup of the bank. Banc ABC Limited Advans Bank Tanzania is the parent company of a number of sub-Saharan Africa banks operating under the BancABC brand that offer a diverse range of financial services including personal, business and corporate banking as well as asset management, stockbroking and treasury services.

Bank M Tanzania Limited (Bank M) Bank M Tanzania Limited (Bank M) is a fully fledged commercial bank regulated by the Bank of Tanzania. The Bank was issued a license to undertake banking business in the United Republic of Tanzania by the Bank of Tanzania in February 2007 and opened it’s doors for business in July, 2007. Bank of Africa Bank of Africa Tanzania Ltd is a Private Commercial Bank operating in Tanzania serving corporate and retail customers. Bank of Africa , in itself, began operations in Tanzania in June 2007 after acquiring Eurafrican Bank which had been operating in Tanzania since September 1995. Barclays is a global financial services provider, engaged in retail and commercial banking, credit cards, investment banking, wealth management and investment management services all over the world. With a vast, international reach, Barclays offers innovative products and services to meet the needs of its diverse base of customers and clients

Citi Bank the only US bank in Tanzania, Citi has been operating in Tanzania since 1995, Citi in Tanzania is part of the Citi East African network which includes Kenya, Uganda and Zambia. Since opening their first branch in Dar es Salaam, their local network has increased substantially, making us a formidable competitor among local and international financial services providers. CRDB Bank CRDB Bank Plc is a leading, wholly-owned private commercial bank in Tanzania. The Bank was established in 1996 and has grown and prospered over the years to become the most innovative, first choice, and trusted bank in the country. Diamond Trust Bank (DTB) Diamond Trust Bank (DTB) is a full service commercial bank incorporated in the Republics of Tanzania, Tanzania, Tanzania, and Burundi. In Tanzania, DTB is listed on the Nairobi Stock Exchange. The Group is licensed by respective countries’ Central Banks to provide a wide range of corporate, retail and commercial banking services; and fully complies with the capital adequacy requirements as stipulated. NBC Ltd. NBC Ltd. was formed on 1st April 2000 when NBC (1997) Ltd. was privatised and sold to ABSA Group Ltd. of South Africa. NBC (1997) Ltd. was itself born out of the nationalization of banks and financial institutions in Tanzania in 1967 NMB NBC Ltd. is the largest bank in Tanzania, both when ranked by customer base and branch network. With over 139 branches we are located in more than 80% of Tanzania's districts. This broad branch network distinguishes NMB from other financial institutions in Tanzania. Stanbic Bank Stanbic Bank in Tanzania came into being in May 1995 when Standard Bank Group acquired the operations of Meridien Biao Bank Tanzania Limited.They have nine branches and two service centers in the country Guardian Bank Limited (“GBL”) Guardian Bank Limited was founded by the Chandaria ("MM") Family, one of the leading business houses of Tanzania having business commitments in Tanzania, Tanzania, Tanzania, UK and India. It is a commercial bank incorporated

in Tanzania on 13th January 1992 initially as a finance company and then converted into a commercial bank in August 1996.

United Bank for Africa (Tanzania) Limited United Bank for Africa (Tanzania) Limited is a subsidiary of United Bank for Africa Plc, headquartered in Lagos Nigeria, one of Africa’s leading financial institutions offering universal banking to more than 7 million customers across 750 branches in 16 African countries and in New York, London and Paris.

PROFILING OF FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS

S Name of Financial Terms of the loan Contacts Dodoma Focal N Institution person

Category A: Financial institution specifically offers loan to Agribusiness

1 Agricultural Development loans are offered in P.o.box Mr. Zakayo, Bank (TADB). short, medium and long 633372,14109 0763164456 terms at the interest Dar es Salaam. rate of 7% - 12%. The Tel. loan can be in form of +255222923501/ Cash requirements, 2 input supplies, extension services, infrastructure and professional services

2 Agriculture Input Fund Loans are offered in M/s Janeth, short, medium and long P.O.BOX 32081 0756000192 terms at the interest Dar es Salaam, rate of 7% - 12%. The Tanzania Tel: loan must be in form of ++255 Tell. +22 input supplies, 2700191 extension services, infrastructure, maintenance, new farm land and professional services

3 NMB - Agriculture special Loans are offered in Mr. programme short, medium and long P.O. Box 9213 Mwakasendo, terms at the interest Dar-es-Salaam, 0767215366 rate of 12 - 18%. The Tanzania loan can be in form of Tel: 255 222 161 cash requirement, 000 input supplies, extension services, infrastructure and value additions.

4 CRDB - Agriculture special Loans are offered in P.O.BOX 133 Mr. David scheme short, medium and long 067,Dar-es- Fernandes, terms at the interest Salaam, Tanzania, Tel. rate of 9.8% - 18%, Tel: 255 222255 0713484549 depending on the size of the loan. The loan can be in form of cash requirement, input supplies, extension services, infrastructure and value additions. The payment mode will be either monthly, semiannually, seasonal or lump sum.

Category B: Financial institution not specifically offers loan to Agribusiness but can lend loans to business including farming

1 Access Bank Tanzania Ltd Loans are offered in P.O. Box 95068, NA (“ABT”) short, medium and long Dar es Salaam. terms at the interest Tel: 255 222 774 rate of 17% - 21%, 355 depending on the size of the loan. The loan is offered in form of cash requirement. The payment mode will be on monthly bases.

2 Advans Bank Tanzania Loans are offered in NA short, medium and long P.O. Box 334585, terms at the interest Dar es Salaam., rate of 16% - 21%, Tel: 331 533275 depending on the size 75 of the loan. The loan is

offered in form of cash requirement. The payment mode will be on monthly bases.

3 Akiba Commercial Bank Loans are offered in NA (ACB) short, medium and long P.O. Box 30033 terms at the interest Dar-es-Salaam, rate of 11% - 21%, Tanzania depending on the size Tel: 255 222 of the loan. The loan is 125154 offered in form of cash requirement. The

payment mode will be on monthly bases.

4 Azania Bank Loans are offered in NA short, medium and long

terms at the interest P.O.BOX 258954 rate of 18% - 21%, Dar es Salaam, depending on the size Tanzania of the loan. The loan is Tell. offered in form of cash +255222118026 requirement. The

payment mode will be on monthly bases.

5 Banc ABC Limited Loans are offered in NA short, medium and long

terms at the interest P.O.BOX 31 rate of 17% - 21%, Dar es Salaam, depending on the size Tanzania of the loan. The loan is Tell. offered in form of cash +25522211990 requirement. The

payment mode will be on monthly bases.

6 Bank M Tanzania Limited Loans are offered in NA (Bank M) short, medium and long

terms at the interest P.O.BOX 96 rate of 16% - 21%, Dar es Salaam, depending on the size Tanzania of the loan. The loan is Tell. offered in form of cash +255222112335 requirement. The

payment mode will be on monthly bases.

7 Bank of Africa Loans are offered in NA short, medium and long

terms at the interest P.O.BOX 3054 rate of 16% - 21%, Dar es Salaam, depending on the size Tanzania of the loan. The loan is Tell. offered in form of cash +255222110104 requirement. The

payment mode will be on monthly bases.

8 Citi Bank the only US bank Loans are offered in P.O.BOX 71625 NA in Tanzania, short, medium and long Dar es Salaam, terms at the interest Tanzania rate of 16% - 21%, Tell. depending on the size +255222117575

of the loan. The loan is offered in form of cash requirement. The

payment mode will be on monthly bases.

9 Diamond Trust Bank (DTB) Loans are offered in P.O.BOX 28968 NA short, medium and long Dar es Salaam, terms at the interest Tanzania rate of 18% - 21%, Tell. depending on the size +255222114888

of the loan. The loan is offered in form of cash requirement. The payment mode will be on monthly bases.

1 NBC Ltd. Loans are offered in P.O.BOX 1863 NA 0 short, medium and long Dar es Salaam, terms at the interest Tanzania rate of 17% - 21%, Tell. depending on the size +255222111970

of the loan. The loan is offered in form of cash requirement. The payment mode will be on monthly bases.

1 Stanbic Bank Loans are offered in P.O.BOX 72647 NA 1 short, medium and long Dar es Salaam, terms at the interest Tanzania rate of 18% - 21%, Tell.

depending on the size +255222111850 of the loan. The loan is offered in form of cash requirement. The

payment mode will be on monthly bases.

1 Guardian Bank Limited Loans are offered in P.O.BOX 234897 NA 2 (“GBL”) short, medium and long Dar es Salaam, terms at the interest Tanzania rate of 16% - 21%, Tell. depending on the size +255222111275

of the loan. The loan is offered in form of cash requirement. The payment mode will be on monthly bases.

1 United Bank for Africa Loans are offered in P.O.BOX 13479 NA 3 (Tanzania) Limited short, medium and long Dar es Salaam, terms at the interest Tanzania rate of 19% - 21%, Tell. +255222234

depending on the size of the loan. The loan is offered in form of cash requirement. The payment mode will be on monthly bases.

4.7 Agricultural Input Suppliers Profile The consulting team conducted a survey to profile reliable input suppliers. A number of them were identified and listed for the purpose of use on this project. This part presents profile of the suppliers within and outside Dodoma region.

4.8 Farmers Profile 1.0 Mercy Thomas Mtei

Contact address: Mercy Thomas Mtei P.O.BOX 3522 Mipango Dodoma Tz, nearby Institute of Rural Development Planning Mobile: 0754430257

Mercy Mtei Biography Mercy Thomas Mtei is a strong woman well determined and with great ambitious, he hold Diploma in nursing, despite of her professional, she employed herself through agriculture. She started farming in 2013 with a small capital of Tsh 20 million but now she has total capital of Tsh 500 million. Currently she cultivates the follow crops: 200 acres of maize and sunflower in intercropping in Kiteto and she cultivate different vegetables crops which include; Tomato, cucumber, hot pepper, sweet pepper, onion, eggplant, chinese and okra. She cultivates these vegetable in 8 acres divided in plots with different vegetable, she cultivates according to the demand and she make sure she has crops throughout the year. Total area planed for vegetable production is12 acres, but 4 acres has not been developed, her annual sales revenue from only vegetable production is Tsh 80 million. Apart from doing crop production, she also keeps livestock and poultry, she currently has 48 goats worth Tsh 1.9 million, 60 poultry worth Tsh 1.2 million, 50 ducks worth Tsh 1.25 million,

She own the following assets

 3 House worth Tsh 300 million in total  1 Tractor worth Tsh 60 million  1 Car worth Tsh 22 million  1 Motor cycle Tsh 2.3 million  1 sunflower and maize crushing machine worth Tsh 10 million  10 acres of land not developed worth Tsh 20 million  4 building plot worth Tsh 40 million She also has one Pharmacy in Dodoma city worth Tsh 100 millions and human laboratory worth Tsh 15 million

Her sucess story Through Agriculture Mercy Thomas mtei has succeded to build one house worth Tsh 100 million, bought one car worth Tsh 22 million, bought one tractor worth Tsh 60 million and she managed to open human laboratory and start keeping livestock and poultry. Her next plan She plan to improve her agricultural activities by using very modern technologies, for example building green house and expand from 8 acres of vegetable cultivation to 12 acres. She also plan to establish tomato wine and sauce processing plant. Challenges she face currently Her first great challenge is the identification of pest and disease and their control and the second challenges is the access of constant and good market for her produce.

2.0 Alex Paul Kijuu Contact address

Paul Alex Kijuu Msalato Dodoma M: 0625653492

ALEX PAUL KIJUU BIOGRAPHY Paul Alex Kijuu is an experienced farmer, self-motivated, hardworking, self-starter and a team player and he graduated Bachelor of Theology and Bibble Interpretation and he also work with Summer Institute of linguistics as bible translator into kirangi tribe and also he is also a supervisor in rangi tribe for chronological Bible storing. He believes nutrition is the key to development of a Nation. As a good farmer he produces the best crops, well fade with all nutrients required by the plant. Consumers who eat his produce are healthy. He also believes that feeding children with good food will enhance brain development and hence a better generation. He strives to see a better generation in 20 years through his hard work. He started doing agriculture in 2010 and he has invested Tsh 800 in his farm and most of these amount has been invested in green house technology, he has 3 green house each with 20 x 40 m and the fourth green house under construction. He grow indoor and outdoor crops, his farm size is 18 acres growing different crops but vegetable he most grow up 3 acres including green house, he currently grow Tomato, cucumber, green sweet pepper, yellow and red sweet pepper and also have grow grapes in 16 acres. His averages annual sales, from 2010-2013 the sales from green house was Tsh 4.5 million, 2014/2015 average annual sales from green house was Tsh 10 million. From November 2015- September 2017 he did not harvest anything as he gave one expert to supervise the farm but he failed to produce and from september 2017 todate sales from only green house is Tsh 25 million. The first sales from grape was Tsh 5 and he now wait to harvest his grape for the second time. Alex paulKijuu Assets

 One house worth Tsh 60 million  3 green house, worth Tsh 60 million 62

 16 acres of Grape farm, worth about Tsh 160 million  Jenerator Lister Peter, worth Tsh 12 million  Deep water deep well, worth Tsh 36 million  30 Behives, worth Tsh 4.5 million  Water pipe worth Tsh 30 million Success story Through Agriculture, Alex Paul Kijuu has been able to buy 500 acres of land at Kiteto, he is paying school fees for his children, get enough food for his family, establish grape farm and he has been able to train 10 youth to do agriculture and see agriculture as employment. His future plan He plan to establish grape wine processing industry, leather and shoes industry and also he plan to establish Agriculture school for youth and women training.

Challenges He has limited capital and he has challenge of understanding well Good Agronomic Practice (GAP) of the crop he grown and the big concern is pest and disease identification and control

3.0 Angelina E. Ndeivai

Contact address

P.O.BOX 2582 Msalato-Dodoma M: 0754202445

ANGELINA E. NDEIVAI BIOGRAPHY She is very tallented and strong women, she graduated postgraduate in accounting but she decided to employ herself in agriculture. She started doing in 2014 and she join agriculture industry because she raise from the family of agriculture backgroud. She cultivates different vegetable crops in 6.5 acres of land which include; Tomato, cucumber, hot pepper, eggplant, chanize and okra.Her average annual sales is Tsh 60 million and she has invested Tsh 100 million in agriculture. Assets she own

 Deep bole well, worth Tsh 15 million  6.5 acres of land, worth Tsh 9.75 million  Water pump machine, worth Tsh 5 million  Solar, worth Tsh 13 million  Drip line and tank, worth Tsh 20 million  One house, worth Tsh 130 million  One car, worth Tsh 10 million  Building plot, worhTsh 15 million She also keep 30 pigs which worth Tsh 4.5 million and she has a canteen business which worth Tsh 20 million SUCCESS STORY STORY Through agriculture she has been able to establish canteen business, pig farming and buy one car. Her future plan She plan to expand the farm size and establish chill sauce processing plant

4.0 Salumu Mamba Contact address

Salumu Mamba ChikopeloBahi- Dodoma M: 0759420840

Salum Mamba Biography He is a youth who believe will succeed through agriculture, flexible and experienced farmer with excellent time management skills. He believes in team working but also capable of using his own initiative. He completed form four and he stared doing agriculture in 2016, he has 10 acres of land where he cultivates different type of vegetable which include; Tomato, sweet pepper (green, yellow and red), cucumber, onion.He currently has a total capital of Tsh 50 million and his annual sales is about Tsh 30 million Assets he own

 10 acres of tree farm worth Tsh 20 million  One house worth Tsh 100 million  Green house worth Tsh 9.5 million  Undeveloped farm with 60 acres of land, worth Tsh 12 million

Success story Through agriculture he has been able to buy 60 acres of land in mpwapwa Dodoma and he has established fresh fruit selling business which worth Tsh 20 million. He has employed 4 youth to help him to run the farm activities.. Future plan He plan to establish dairy cow livestock keeping and improve the farmig technologies.

5.0 Gabriel Kavishe Physical address

Gabriel Kavishe Miyuji -Dodoma M: 0769070744 His Biography Gabriel Kavishe is the young enthusiastic man, open minded with multi knowledge and dedicated person. He likes to swim, hiking, reading books and watching movies.He acquired Master of Business Administration at UDOM, first degree of computer science at Chennai in India, PCM combination for ACSEE at Moshi technical secondary school and for CSEE took Agriculture as one of the subject at Kibaha secondary school. Total capital of his investment is above 500 million TZS, Started agricultural activities since 2016 at Miyuji ward. He collects around 10 million per annum. He own one car (worth 12 million TZS).Decided to join agriculture because of the interest and opportunity gap. Assets he own

 5 acres of land in MiyujiDodoma,worth TZS 350 million  One Car, worth TZS 12 million  Eight pigs, worth TZS 1.2 million Success story

 He has been able to run his family through agriculture activities and pay school fees for his children  He managed to buy one car, worth TZS 12 million  Again he managed to establish pig farming  He managed to create employment, he has employed 3 permanent employee and 5 temporary employee Near future plan He plan to cultivate by modern practices such as irrigation systems and expansion of the land utilization and to own a big farm with multi agricultural activities.

6.0 Peter Mwakasisi Contact address Peter Mwakasis Mchemwa Dodoma M: 0752056868 Peter Mwakasisi Biography Peter D. Mwakasisi is Bachelor Degree holder in BA in Marketing attained in College of Business Education 2006. He is currently worth of 10 million as a capital in agricultural business. He started agro business in 2015 at Bagamoyo, Ruvu, Makurunge, Coastal Region, Tanzania. In his agricultural business as far as he is based in Horticultural he does sales up to about Tsh 6 million annually. He decided to go about agri-economy business due to passion he had from his childhood and his desire to fill food scarcity and participate revolution in agriculture. He owns 9 acres farm in Dodoma, Makutupora Ward, Mchekeshaji Village, They are worth of about 10 million Tsh, so far he has managed to practice more in agri production as per horticultural isconcerned, He managed to grow okra, cucumber, eggplant, tomatoes, green cuspisicum, Now he is growing lettuce, broccoli, beetroot, and cauliflower. This is a big progress to his contrary to how itwas before when he was growing few agri-products Assets  He owns 9 acres farm in Dodoma, Makutupora Ward, Mchekeshaji Village, They are worth of about 10 million Tsh.  A house in Dar es Salaam at Bunju Ward worth of 40 million Tsh  Housing plot at MahomaNyika in Dodoma worth of 1.5 million Tsh Success story Through agriculture, he has managed to buy one housing plot in Dodoma worth 1.5 million Tsh and he has managed to buy his own farm 9 acres before he was lenting and again he has started to establish goat grazing and now has about 5 of them and he has employed 3 permanent employee and 5 temporary employee. Future plan Future prospects are to expand his agricultural activities by adding the capital in the production, add agri-technology such greenhouses, drilling well and pump installation, produce newly horticultural products that are more demanded in the locally and international market. 68

7.0 Loveness Joseph

Contact address Majumbamiatatu Dodoma M: 0717747723 Loveness Joseph Biography She is a young lady employed herself in agriculture, enthusiactic, self-motivated, reliable, responsible and hardworking person. She graduated a Diploma in human resources and management at St. Johns University but she decided to employ herself in agriculture and she belive agriculture pay but someone has to be commited to success in agriculture. She started doing agriculture in 2011 and she stared by cultivating maize, sunflower and saflower, currently she grow 30 acres of sunflower, 40 acres of maize and 15 acres of saflower. She join horticulture industry in 2016 and she started by building one green house (9 x 15 m) worth Tsh 9.5 million and inside the green house she plant different vegetable like sweet pepper (green, yellow and red), she also plant cucumber, tomato, after seen the great benefits of hortculture crops grown in green house, she decided to expand his farming activities by growing outdoor as well, therefore she currently grow vegetable in green house and also outside. In outside she grow her crops in 3 acres and mainly she grow tomato, hot pepper, green sweet pepper She has invested Tsh 15 million in horticulture sector as her capital and her average annual sales is Tsh 10 million. She has attended several training related to agriculture Assets she own

 One car (Landrover 110) worth Tsh 15 million  Housing plot worth Tsh 20 million  50 acres of land for agriculture worth Tsh 35 million  Green house worth Tsh 9.5 million  15 acres of cashew nut

Future plan She has plan to expand her farming activities and start planting new vegetable crops Broccoli, Letuce and beatroot. These vegetable its demand in dodoma is increasing. 69

8.0 Alice ExaudMuro

Contact address P.O. B OX 569 humwa Dodoma M: 0715697011 Alice ExaudMuro Biography She is hardworking, honest individual and good timekeeper, always willing to learn new skills, she graduated Masters in development studies (agrarian food and environment studies) but she decided to employ herself in agriculture after see agriculture pay and she wanted to be entrepreneur. She started doinga agriculture in 2014. She has attended several agricultural training about good agronomic practices, post harvesthandlling and processing, business plan and marketing. She has invested about Tsh 50 million in agriculture as her capital, she cultivates the following crops Tomato, okra, cucumber, sweet pepper and banana and her average annual sales is Tsh 30 million. She also keep livestock and poultry and she practices acquaculture Assets she own  One house worth Tsh 30 million  One car worth Tsh 13 million  3 acres of land worth Tsh 60 million Success story She has improved irrigation system (drip irrigation) and paying school fees for her children Future plan She plan to establish big food company and become big supplier of vegetables

9.0 Nsubi Daniel Bukuku

Contact address P.O.BOX 2493 Msalato Dodoma M: 0713473509 Nsubi Daniel Bukuku Biography Mr Bukuku is a person who is highly creative, self- motivated individual with years of experience in farming, he graduated certificate of Cooperative Delopment (CCD). Despite of his education he employed himself in agriculture and he believe agriculture can transform the country. He started doing agriculture in 1992 and he has capital worth Tsh 200 million and he cultivates the following crops; tomato, cucumber, sweet pepper, onion, cabbage and watermelon.

He also do poultry farming, he has 3000 layers worth Tsh 24 million, 1000 broiler worth Tsh 7 million and he also keep 3 Dairy cows which worth Tsh 12 million.Mr Bukuku is also a farmers trainer and he is able to instal drip irregation and building green house. His average annual sales is Tsh 75 million. He has attended several training about agriculture.

Assets he own

 2 house worth Tsh 70 million  2 cars worth Tsh 31 million  16 acres of land for farming worth Tsh 80 million

Success Story Through agriculture Mr Bukuk has been able to do the following;  To buy 16 acres land for farming  Pay school fees for his wife and children  Went himself in france for 6 month training about agriculture  Build 2 house  Establish poultry farming  To buy one car  To employ himself and employ others

Future plan Mr Bukuku has plan to establish poultry abattoir, livestock feeds, chill processing plant.

10.0 EvelynMadeje

Contact address Evelyn Madeje

P.O.BOX 35 Chamwino Dodoma

Biography She is very commited women and creative , honest individual and good timekeeper, always willing to learn new skills. She hold diploma in office management but she has employed herself in agriculture. She join agriculture sector because she likes it and agriculture pay. She started doing agriculture in 2012 and up to now she has invested about Tsh 500 million in her farm and she cultivates the following crops; tomato, chineze, hot pepper, sweet pepper, mangoes, pawpawa, grapes, oranges, watermellon, etc. The average annual sales is Tsh 20 millios from vegetable crops.

Success story

 Through agriculture she has been able to expand the her farm size from 18 acres to 30 acres.  She bought one car and  She has been able to pay school fees for her grand children. Assets she own

• 18 acres of grape trees • 30 acres of land • One car • One house Future plan

 She has plan to expand his farm and emprove the farming technologies so that she can increase crop productivity ie quality and quantity  She plan to increase the working capital so that she can earn more profit

 She has started fish farming but not professional, therefore she plan to fish farming more professional.

5.0 Project Ouput and Outcome

5.1 Project Output During the last month of this project (August 2018), the consulting team visited farmers to get their insight for the project. The following was found to be part of the project output.

1. Increased farmer to farmer interaction 2. Increased farmer to extension service officials interaction 3. All champions adopting Good Agronomic Practices on their farms 4. Improved access to market information and market linkages 5. Improved access to reliable input suppliers

5.2 Project Outcome It is expected that, after accomplishment of the projects objective, the aggregation of project output will further result into the following outcome

1. Improved farm productivity 2. Improved livelihood for farmers 3. Formation of collection centre that will ease market arrangement 4. Improved access to financial institutions 5. Attract other entrepreneurs from private sector to invest in horticulture at Dodoma