Black History Month February 2021 What is Black History Month? Black History Month (BHM), is also known as African Do You Know American History Month. Since 1976, every U.S. president the difference between has officially designated the month of February as Black African American History Month. It recognizes the significant achievements and Black? made by the African American community in all aspects There are several terms used to identify of American society. Black Americans. Some of the most common labels tend to be African Other countries around the world, including Canada and American, Black, or Person of Color. the United Kingdom, also devote a month to celebrating The dictionary definition of African- black history. Activities and events all center around American is "an American of African and cultural, social, educational, and spiritual programs. especially of Black African descent." A Black person is described as "of or The History relating to any of various population The celebration of Black History Month began as “Negro groups having dark pigmentation of the skin" or "of or relating to African History Week,” which was created in 1926 by Carter G. American people or their culture." Woodson, a noted African American historian, scholar, educator, and publisher. The month of February was A person of color had the broadest explanation as "a person who is not chosen to coincide with the birthdays of Frederick white or of European parentage." Douglass and Abraham Lincoln. The term 'African American' is typically used to describe ethnicity Test Your Knowledge while ‘Black’ often describes race. What happened in the 1963 Civil Rights Movement? For example, Black people who live in Who made these famous quotes? America but are from other parts of the What Black Musician wrote this song or African world other than Africa may not identify American artist painted this picture? as African American. However, those What do you know about the African American factions of people may still consider Race and Society? ‘Black’ to be their identity. Resource: WUSA9 Test your knowledge on any of these topics! www.satermanconnect.com Timeline: 1600s - 1800s Resource Diversity.UCSC.edu William Tucker is the first Black child 1621 known to be born in America Phillis Wheatley’s “Poems on Various Subjects Religion and Moral”– first book 1773 published by an African-American author Congress passes Fugitive Slave Act, making it a federal crime to assist a 1793 slave trying to escape Congress bans importation of slaves 1808 Missouri Compromise bans slavery 1820 above the southern border of the state Nat Turner leads slave uprising 1831 In Dred Scott v. Sanford, U.S. Supreme Court declares all territories Harriet Tubman escapes to Philly and 1857 open to slavery helps nearly 300 slaves escape via the Underground Railroad 1859 Harper Brown leads a slave revolt South secedes from the Union and the 1861 Civil War begins President Lincoln issues the 1915 Emancipation Proclamation 1863 Civil War ends 1865 Fisk University begins to offer education for Blacks and ex-slaves 1866 of all ages Fourteenth Amendment ratified; Blacks 1867 become citizens The 15th Amendment guarantees that the right to vote cannot be 1868 denied because of race, color or U.S. Supreme Court rules in Plessy v. previous servitude 1896 Ferguson that “separate but equal” is constitutional www.satermanconnect.com Timeline: 1900s NAACP is founded 1909 George Washington Carver’s 1914 agricultural research begins to revive Historian Carter G. Woodson and minister Southern farming Jesse Moorland founded the Association for the Study of African-American Life and 1915 History; their work is the impetus BHM 1924 Harlem Renaissance begins Jesse Owens wins four Olympic gold medals 1936 Jackie Robinson becomes the first 1947 Black Major League Baseball player Ralph Bunche is the first Black 1924 person to win the Nobel Peace Prize 1950 Brown v. the Board of Education of Topeka, U.S. Supreme Court rules 1954 racial segregation in public schools Rosa Parks refuses to give up her violates the 14th Amendment seat on a bus to a white man in 1955 Montgomer y, Alabama 200,000+ people march on D.C. – 1950 largest civil rights demonstration in 1963 the nation’s history, Martin Luther King President Johnson signs the delivers his "I Have a Dream" Speech Civil Rights Act of 1964 1964 Malcolm X, former1 9Na15tion of Islam minister/civil-rights activist, is 1965 murdered, President Johnson signs Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Voting Rights Act of 1965 is assassinated 1968 Shirley Chisholm (1968 1st Black woman 1972 elected to Congress); first major-party Rev. Jesse Jackson becomes first Black candidate running president Black man to make serious bid for the 1984 U.S. presidency Civil Rights Act of 1991 adds provisions 1991 to Title VII protections, including the right to a jury trial Mae Jemison, becomes the first African American woman to go into space 1992 www.satermanconnect.com Timeline: 2000s Colin Powell became the first 2001 African American U.S. Secretary Oprah Winfrey be comes first of State African American Female 2003 billionaire Condoleezza Rice becomes first 2005 African American Woman Secretary of State Barack Obama becomes the first Black president of the United States 2008 Disney officially crowns its first African-American Disney 21090249 Former Maryland Lt. Governor Princess, Tiana Michael Steele is the first African Shooting of Trayvon Martin by George American Chairman of the RNC 2010 Zimmerman in Sanford, Florida Barack Obama is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize Black Lives Matter movement b2eg0i0ns8 2012 as a response to the ongoing racial 1950 profiling and police brutality against young black men George Zimmerman acquitted. 2013 Shooting of Michael Brown by Police Officer Darren W1il9so1n5 in Ferguson, MO is followed by protests including the term "Hands up, don't shoot" 2014 Michael Bruce Curry becomes the first Eric Garner dies in Staten Island, New African American Presiding Bishop of the York City after a police officer put him Episcopal Church (United States), elected in 2015 in a chokehold for 15 seconds June by an overwhelming margin on the first ballot of the 78th General Convention The killing of George Floyd leads to protests with mottos "I can't breathe" and "Defund the police"; shooting of 2020 Breonna Taylor, Jacob Blake, and Rayshard Brooks, and more Blacks Kamala Harris to be sworn in as the first Black, South Asian American women 2021 Removal of Confederate monuments as VP of the United States The importance of Black history continues in the coming years... wwww.swatwer.msaatnecrmonanneccot.ncnoemct.com Women and Black History Month Women Suffragists Tensions between abolitionists and women’s suffragists first surfaced in the aftermath of the Civil War. Simultaneously, black disfranchisement laws in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries undermined the guarantees in the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments for the great majority of southern blacks until the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Black suffragists' important contribution occurred within the larger women’s movement and the larger black voting rights movement. Through voting-rights campaigns and legal suits from the turn of the twentieth century to the mid-1960s, African Americans made their voices heard as to the importance of the vote. Indeed the fight for black voting rights continues in the courts today. The year 2020 marks the 100th anniversary of the passage of the 19th Amendment, which guarantees and protects women's' constitutional right to vote. This centennial offers an unmatched opportunity to commemorate a milestone of democracy. It explores the relevance of the mid-twentieth century suffragists' triumphs to the issues of equal rights today. Resource: Lamar.edu H e n r i e t t a L a c k s Henrietta Lacks (Aug 1, 1920 - Oct 4, 1951) visited The Johns Hopkins Hospital complaining of vaginal bleeding. Examined by Dr. Howard Jones, he discovered a large, malignant tumor on her cervix at the time. Lacks' cancer cells were biopsied and sent to Dr. George Gey's nearby tissue lab. Dr. Gey, a prominent cancer and virus researcher, collected cells from all patients who came to The Johns Hopkins Hospital with cervical cancer. The sample quickly died in his lab, but he discovered that Mrs. Lacks’ cells doubled every 20 to 24 hours. Today a biopsy of this kind would not be permitted without consent from the family. Today, these incredible cells— nicknamed "HeLa" cells, from the first two letters of her first and last names — are used to study the effects of toxins, drugs, hormones, and viruses on cancer cells' growth without experimenting on humans. Unfortunately, Henrietta Lacks died at the age of 31, but the HeLa cell line continues to be a source of invaluable medical data to the present day. Resources: Hopkins Medicine www.satermanconnect.com Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was born in Atlanta, Georgia, on January 15th, 1929. He was a Baptist minister and civil-rights activist who was a pivotal advocate of equity and equality for all people including African Americans during the Civil Rights Movement in the United States. King experienced racism from an early age, and those events stayed with him and eventually brought him to a life of activism. After graduating from college with a doctorate in theology, King became a pastor in Alabama. He began a series of peaceful protests in the south that eventually changed many laws dealing with African Americans' equality. King gave hundreds of moving speeches across the country. He is best known for his "I Have a Dream" speech during the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom on August 28, 1963. It was delivered to over 250,000 civil rights supporters from the steps of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C., a defining moment of the civil rights movement and among the most iconic speeches in American history.