ASIA-PACIFIC POLICY BRIEF RECOMMENDATIONS ON MANAGING RISK AND ADDRESSING DISASTER DISPLACEMENT: CHALLENGES, EFFECTIVE PRACTICES AND SOLUTIONS

Days after Typhoon Bopha left the , the scale of destruction only become clear with tens of thousands homeless and hundreds still missing. © IOM/Billy Jamisolamin

his brief reflects the intervention, feedback and recommendations from the 19 November 2020 virtual regional exchange under the title Managing Risk and Addressing Disaster Displacement: Challenges, Effective Practices and Solutions in the Asia-Pacific, organized jointly by the Asia-Pacific Disaster Displacement Working Group, the Asia-Pacific Issue-Based Coalition on Building Resilience, the GP20 Initiative on internal displacement, the Platform on Disaster Displacement (PDD) and the UN Secretary General’s High-Level Panel on Internal Displacement (HLP-IDP) Secretariat. The virtual exchange included high-level delegates from Afghanistan, Bangladesh, , Mongolia, the Philippines, and with varying responsibilities on disaster management, resilience and development.

The event was moderated by the UN Special Rapporteur on the Human Rights of IDPs (Cecilia Jimenez-Damary), with introductory remarks by a High-Level Panel member (Dr. Sima Samar), and an introduction by Professor Walter Kaelin, Envoy of the Chair of the PDD and Member of the Expert Advisory Group of the HLP-IDP.

This brief builds on lesson-learned and best-practices from governmental representatives from participating countries and provides recommendations around systems and mechanisms to improve displacement prevention, response, and solutions based on the statements made by the country representatives.

1 vulnerability, and achieving durable solutions to are key. Across Asia, while hazards continue to displacement in the context of disasters and pose a significant challenge to the coping OVERVIEW climate change requires robust preparedness capacity of countries, notable progress has and sustained cross-sectoral partnerships and been made in setting up early warning systems Forced displacement related to disasters, coordinated action long before disaster strikes, and managing pre-emptive evacuations. The including the adverse effects of climate with the primary responsibility resting with success of both India and Bangladesh in change, poses some of the biggest human national authorities. Engaging only during the limiting loss of life through large scale rights, humanitarian and development chal- immediate disaster response is often too late to pre-emptive evacuations in the lead up to lenges facing States and the international com- establish necessary relationships within and Cyclone Amphan in May 2020 is one such munity in the 21st century. Each year, millions of between governments and counterparts, example. people are displaced in the context of disasters circumventing the potential for an integrated caused by natural hazards such as , approach to addressing risk, needs and In light of the breadth, range and innovative tropical storms, earthquakes, landslides, solutions across a range of sectors. Ensuring experiences of States within Asia in preventing, displaced people or those at risk of responding to and resolving displacement from droughts and flooding, with most of this survivors in a relief camp in Quetta, Pakistan, on January 25, 2011. © Shutterstock.com/Thomas Koch. “disaster displacement” taking place within displacement actively participate at all stages both rapid and slow-onset disasters, it is critical of planning, assessment and decision making that the perspectives of this region on disaster countries. The Internal Displacement leading to displacement (e.g. whether Monitoring Centre (IDMC) reported that in 2019 on matters related to reinforcing communities’ displacement are presented to the High Level sudden-onset vs slow-onset) and the forced resilience and adaptive capacity to future Panel on Internal Displacement to support its alone there were 24.9 million new internal nature of the movement. Similar to conflict displacements associated with disasters shocks, and improving disaster preparedness, recommendations. contexts, people displaced by disasters may mitigation and responses across policy areas across 140 countries, the majority of them not be able to return to their homes or places of linked to weather- and climate-related natural habitual residence for a long period of time, if hazards. In her recent report to the UN General ever, leading to protracted displacement, Assembly 2020, the UN Special Rapporteur on trelocation or settlement elsewhere and the the Human Rights of Internally Displaced need for long-term solutions. Persons focused on the people displaced by the adverse effects of slow onset climate In recognizing and forecasting the risks related change and how States and other stakeholders to specific characteristics determined by can better protect the human rights of IDPs. physical, social, economic and environmental Notably, more than 80 percent of documented factors or processes which increase the disaster displacement between 2008 and 2019 susceptibility of an individual, a community, occurred in Asia, making it a particularly salient assets or systems to the impacts of hazards issue for the region. and the potential for displacement in a given context, prevention and preparedness Driving this phenomenon is the combination of measures can be taken to minimize their impact highly densely populated areas and a high level and build the groundwork for protection, of exposure to a range of hazards, including sustainable responses and solutions. This earthquakes, floods, tsunamis, typhoons and includes both disaster risk management volcanic eruptions. An increasing number of systems and actions (contingency planning, people in the region are also compelled to early warning systems, evacuation shelters) but move or are displaced because of slow-onset also should include more robust integration of events and processes, such as the effects of risk into development planning, including sea level rise, desertification and environmental building codes, land use planning, critical degradation linked to the adverse effects of infrastructure strengthening, and many other climate change. Countries will increasingly areas. In practice, a range of both direct and experience the limitations of current climate indirect factors can complicate these efforts, change adaptation and disaster risk reduction ranging from existing legal and regulatory efforts, leading to both more severe and a barriers to the permanent loss of land or greater number of disasters and in response, livelihoods as a result of sea level rise or more displacement. riverbank erosion.

Disaster displaced populations face a multitude Protecting internally displaced persons, of protection and assistance needs, which are especially those in situations of particular often linked to the type of natural hazard

2 vulnerability, and achieving durable solutions to are key. Across Asia, while hazards continue to Philippines is attempting to link displacement role in providing guidance, many of the states initiatives to address risk beyond the CPP. In displacement in the context of disasters and pose a significant challenge to the coping data in camps and evacuation centres to presented examples of how they had particular, they are embarking on a Disaster climate change requires robust preparedness capacity of countries, notable progress has protection focused information systems that will contextualized and localized systems and Resilient Housing program to prevent and sustained cross-sectoral partnerships and been made in setting up early warning systems integrateand monitor protection and solutions guidance, including novel development displacement and climate induced disasters as Forced displacement related to disasters, coordinated action long before disaster strikes, and managing pre-emptive evacuations. The for the IDPs. Afghanistan is working on IDP projects to address prevention and solutions well as a Cluster Village Project that addresses including the adverse effects of climate with the primary responsibility resting with success of both India and Bangladesh in policy revision to better disaggregate conflict issues around displacement. The Philippines displacement by building villages in clusters, change, poses some of the biggest human national authorities. Engaging only during the limiting loss of life through large scale and disaster induced displacement for analysis, retains a CCCM cluster but has localized the rehabilitation and support for landless families rights, humanitarian and development chal- immediate disaster response is often too late to pre-emptive evacuations in the lead up to and Sri Lanka is focusing on climate scenarios framework into national frameworks for disaster to prevent protracted scenarios. lenges facing States and the international com- establish necessary relationships within and Cyclone Amphan in May 2020 is one such and monitoring technology, along with above management to better fit the context and munity in the 21st century. Each year, millions of between governments and counterparts, example. mentioned hazard mapping, to strengthen risk coordination systems with stakeholders. A focus 5. Climate Change, Environmental people are displaced in the context of disasters circumventing the potential for an integrated awareness and their capacity to ensure that on simulations and capacity building has Degradation and Displacement caused by natural hazards such as floods, approach to addressing risk, needs and In light of the breadth, range and innovative development projects can reduce displacement ensued toensure decentralized systems. Countries also highlighted the burden of the tropical storms, earthquakes, landslides, solutions across a range of sectors. Ensuring experiences of States within Asia in preventing, risks and/or prevent future disaster Bangladesh has recently institutionalized a adverse effects of climate change on their droughts and flooding, with most of this displaced people or those at risk of responding to and resolving displacement from displacements. Displacement Management Cluster under the disaster risk. While the Philippines is a low CO2 displacement actively participate at all stages both rapid and slow-onset disasters, it is critical leadership of the Ministry of Disaster “disaster displacement” taking place within emission country, it receives the brunt of climate countries. The Internal Displacement of planning, assessment and decision making that the perspectives of this region on disaster 3. Partnership Building Management and Relief (MoDMR). A similar leading to displacement (e.g. whether change related disaster impacts, specifically an beaddressed including desertification from Monitoring Centre (IDMC) reported that in 2019 on matters related to reinforcing communities’ displacement are presented to the High Level arrangement exists in Indonesia where sudden-onset vs slow-onset) and the forced All speakers spoke to the importance of increasing scale and intensity of tropical overgrazing (Mongolia), and uncontrolled alone there were 24.9 million new internal resilience and adaptive capacity to future Panel on Internal Displacement to support its displacement is integrated with the Protection nature of the movement. Similar to conflict partnerships at the local, national and cyclones. In Mongolia, the slow-onset dzud rural-urban flows (Sri Lanka, Mongolia), illegal displacements associated with disasters shocks, and improving disaster preparedness, recommendations. cluster. contexts, people displaced by disasters may international levels. Often this came out in key (dzuit) has increased in frequency, while deforestation and high-risk settlements (Sri across 140 countries, the majority of them mitigation and responses across policy areas not be able to return to their homes or places of preparedness and solutions-oriented projects, Bangladesh is dealing with a large proportion Lanka), and coastal erosion (Bangladesh, Sri linked to weather- and climate-related natural habitual residence for a long period of time, if as well as in support for disaster responses. (78%) of its population living in multi-hazard risk Lanka). hazards. In her recent report to the UN General ever, leading to protracted displacement, Mongolia pointed out the value of engagement areas and an expectation that up to 26 million Assembly 2020, the UN Special Rapporteur on trelocation or settlement elsewhere and the with stakeholders including the ‘Community people could be displaced by climate change As all speakers pointed out, the impact of the Human Rights of Internally Displaced INSIGHTS need for long-term solutions. Encounter Team’ co-chaired by the UN that related hazards in the coming decades. Sri climate change is not yet fully known, but the Persons focused on the people displaced by provides a forum for an integrated and holistic Lanka was particularly concerned by the mechanisms for addressing disaster the adverse effects of slow onset climate In recognizing and forecasting the risks related While each speaker laid out specific approach to disaster management. Bangladesh uncertainties and the need to invest further in displacement and slow-onset and climate change and how States and other stakeholders to specific characteristics determined by recommendations from his or her context and and Indonesia focused on local partnerships modeling to ensure risk identification and change related displacement – particularly as a can better protect the human rights of IDPs. physical, social, economic and environmental experience around systems and mechanisms to and programmes. proper land use planning to ensure people’s development problem focusing on prevention Notably, more than 80 percent of documented factors or processes which increase the improve displacement prevention, protection, safety and security. Many also pointed to the and solutions – are closely interlinked and need disaster displacement between 2008 and 2019 susceptibility of an individual, a community, response and solutions, there were some In particular, Bangladesh noted that the human impact locally that needs to responses to be integrated at the country level. occurred in Asia, making it a particularly salient assets or systems to the impacts of hazards overarching recommendations that recurred Cyclone Preparedness Program (CPP) – a joint issue for the region. and the potential for displacement in a given throughout the consultation and suggest a program of the Government and Bangladesh context, prevention and preparedness common perspective on the key priorities for Red Crescent Society (BDRCS) – was a globally Driving this phenomenon is the combination of measures can be taken to minimize their impact internal displacement. recognized best practice on community highly densely populated areas and a high level preparedness. Indonesia discussed the Sister and build the groundwork for protection, Super brought about destruction to power lines, electric posts and concrete of exposure to a range of hazards, including materials in Albay’s first district, the Philippines. Full restoration may take months. © IOM Village Programme which supports villages to sustainable responses and solutions. This 1. Enhance Legal and Regulatory earthquakes, floods, tsunamis, typhoons and work together and allow for safe haven and includes both disaster risk management Frameworks to Integrate Displacement The case of Mongolia is differentiated by a large volcanic eruptions. An increasing number of systems and actions (contingency planning, pre-existing relationships between villagers. Policy and regulatory frameworks must be percentage of displacement and human people in the region are also compelled to early warning systems, evacuation shelters) but 2. Data and Evidence for Policy on Further elaboration was made on the strengthened at national and sub national levels mobility in the context of slow-onset process move or are displaced because of slow-onset also should include more robust integration of Displacement partnerships required in the recent Palu and to ensure strategic and effective approaches to and with rural-urban movements; this has led events and processes, such as the effects of risk into development planning, including Aceh disaster responses. The Philippines also disaster displacement. Many countries brought Speakers agreed that data and evidence, the Government to focus on forecast-based sea level rise, desertification and environmental building codes, land use planning, critical pointed to a whole of government and these frameworks and strategies as best including on different forms of human mobility, financing mechanisms to anticipate and degradation linked to the adverse effects of infrastructure strengthening, and many other partnership approach it has institutionalized to practices, and all speakers agreed on the but also on hazard and risks profiles and mitigate displacement impact with early action climate change. Countries will increasingly areas. In practice, a range of both direct and engage multi-level stakeholders – including importance of integrated, multi-sector and local scenarios for disasters continued to play a protocols. Based on its 2017 Disaster Protection experience the limitations of current climate indirect factors can complicate these efforts, IDPs, local governments, CSOs, NGOs, UN and level capacity to address displacement issues. major role in national capacity to address Law, Mongolia has mandated government change adaptation and disaster risk reduction ranging from existing legal and regulatory development partners – to address risk and find While a focus on IDPs for the event was clear, displacement. Mongolia is focused on tracking institutions to invest 1% of their budgets on efforts, leading to both more severe and a barriers to the permanent loss of land or solutions. greater number of disasters and in response, the frameworks discussed went further into mobility and including displacement into disaster preparedness for improved risk livelihoods as a result of sea level rise or national statistics for development to ensure no identification for communities leading to a surge more displacement. looking a local planning and contingency 4. Localization, Contextualization, and riverbank erosion. one is left behind Bangladesh is working with its in training and capacity on preparedness and mechanisms, local risk-aware investment and Innovation Disaster displaced populations face a multitude construction, adaptation planning, resilience disaster management committees to ensure emergency response. Protecting internally displaced persons, While international frameworks and the of protection and assistance needs, which are building, and risk sensitive settlement planning, decentralized mechanisms to track and feed especially those in situations of particular Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) play a often linked to the type of natural hazard in the context of disasters and climate change. data to the national level. Similarly, the Bangladesh further elaborated on specific

3 Philippines is attempting to link displacement role in providing guidance, many of the states initiatives to address risk beyond the CPP. In data in camps and evacuation centres to presented examples of how they had particular, they are embarking on a Disaster protection focused information systems that will contextualized and localized systems and Resilient Housing program to prevent integrateand monitor protection and solutions guidance, including novel development displacement and climate induced disasters as for the IDPs. Afghanistan is working on IDP projects to address prevention and solutions well as a Cluster Village Project that addresses policy revision to better disaggregate conflict issues around displacement. The Philippines displacement by building villages in clusters, and disaster induced displacement for analysis, retains a CCCM cluster but has localized the rehabilitation and support for landless families and Sri Lanka is focusing on climate scenarios framework into national frameworks for disaster to prevent protracted scenarios. and monitoring technology, along with above management to better fit the context and mentioned hazard mapping, to strengthen risk coordination systems with stakeholders. A focus 5. Climate Change, Environmental awareness and their capacity to ensure that on simulations and capacity building has Degradation and Displacement development projects can reduce displacement ensued toensure decentralized systems. Countries also highlighted the burden of the risks and/or prevent future disaster Bangladesh has recently institutionalized a adverse effects of climate change on their displacements. Displacement Management Cluster under the disaster risk. While the Philippines is a low CO2 leadership of the Ministry of Disaster emission country, it receives the brunt of climate 3. Partnership Building Management and Relief (MoDMR). A similar change related disaster impacts, specifically an arrangement exists in Indonesia where beaddressed including desertification from All speakers spoke to the importance of increasing scale and intensity of tropical overgrazing (Mongolia), and uncontrolled partnerships at the local, national and displacement is integrated with the Protection cyclones. In Mongolia, the slow-onset dzud cluster. rural-urban flows (Sri Lanka, Mongolia), illegal international levels. Often this came out in key (dzuit) has increased in frequency, while deforestation and high-risk settlements (Sri preparedness and solutions-oriented projects, Bangladesh is dealing with a large proportion Lanka), and coastal erosion (Bangladesh, Sri as well as in support for disaster responses. (78%) of its population living in multi-hazard risk Lanka). Mongolia pointed out the value of engagement areas and an expectation that up to 26 million with stakeholders including the ‘Community people could be displaced by climate change As all speakers pointed out, the impact of Encounter Team’ co-chaired by the UN that related hazards in the coming decades. Sri climate change is not yet fully known, but the provides a forum for an integrated and holistic Lanka was particularly concerned by the mechanisms for addressing disaster While each speaker laid out specific approach to disaster management. Bangladesh uncertainties and the need to invest further in displacement and slow-onset and climate recommendations from his or her context and and Indonesia focused on local partnerships modeling to ensure risk identification and change related displacement – particularly as a experience around systems and mechanisms to and programmes. proper land use planning to ensure people’s development problem focusing on prevention improve displacement prevention, protection, safety and security. Many also pointed to the and solutions – are closely interlinked and need response and solutions, there were some In particular, Bangladesh noted that the human impact locally that needs to responses to be integrated at the country level. overarching recommendations that recurred Cyclone Preparedness Program (CPP) – a joint throughout the consultation and suggest a program of the Government and Bangladesh common perspective on the key priorities for Red Crescent Society (BDRCS) – was a globally recognized best practice on community internal displacement. Mongolia faces extreme winters, which impact thousands of Mongolian herders in preparedness. Indonesia discussed the Sister remote regions. © Shutterstock.com Village Programme which supports villages to 1. Enhance Legal and Regulatory work together and allow for safe haven and Frameworks to Integrate Displacement pre-existing relationships between villagers. The case of Mongolia is differentiated by a large Policy and regulatory frameworks must be percentage of displacement and human 2. Data and Evidence for Policy on Further elaboration was made on the strengthened at national and sub national levels mobility in the context of slow-onset process Displacement partnerships required in the recent Palu and to ensure strategic and effective approaches to Aceh disaster responses. The Philippines also and with rural-urban movements; this has led Speakers agreed that data and evidence, disaster displacement. Many countries brought pointed to a whole of government and the Government to focus on forecast-based including on different forms of human mobility, these frameworks and strategies as best partnership approach it has institutionalized to financing mechanisms to anticipate and but also on hazard and risks profiles and practices, and all speakers agreed on the engage multi-level stakeholders – including mitigate displacement impact with early action scenarios for disasters continued to play a importance of integrated, multi-sector and local IDPs, local governments, CSOs, NGOs, UN and protocols. Based on its 2017 Disaster Protection major role in national capacity to address level capacity to address displacement issues. development partners – to address risk and find Law, Mongolia has mandated government displacement. Mongolia is focused on tracking While a focus on IDPs for the event was clear, solutions. institutions to invest 1% of their budgets on the frameworks discussed went further into mobility and including displacement into disaster preparedness for improved risk national statistics for development to ensure no identification for communities leading to a surge looking a local planning and contingency 4. Localization, Contextualization, and one is left behind Bangladesh is working with its in training and capacity on preparedness and mechanisms, local risk-aware investment and Innovation construction, adaptation planning, resilience disaster management committees to ensure emergency response. building, and risk sensitive settlement planning, decentralized mechanisms to track and feed While international frameworks and the in the context of disasters and climate change. data to the national level. Similarly, the Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) play a Bangladesh further elaborated on specific

4 Philippines is attempting to link displacement role in providing guidance, many of the states initiatives to address risk beyond the CPP. In real-time monitoring and tracking, historical likely displacement impacts from incoming for displaced people were adequately the Government, under an established data in camps and evacuation centres to presented examples of how they had particular, they are embarking on a Disaster analysis and modelling, and mechanisms to turn natural hazards based on census, risk and addressed in crises. structure, was seen as a minimum requirement protection focused information systems that will contextualized and localized systems and Resilient Housing program to prevent that evidence into useful tools for planning and vulnerability mapping to better prepare to enable response and recovery, to integrateand monitor protection and solutions guidance, including novel development displacement and climate induced disasters as development decision-makers. Specific adequate services. By identifying displacement 6. Cross-sectoral Coordination at the operationalize the Guiding Principles on Internal for the IDPs. Afghanistan is working on IDP projects to address prevention and solutions well as a Cluster Village Project that addresses examples ranged from river bank erosion risk early, with financial capability to deploy National Level to Address Complex Displacement, protect the human rights of IDPs, policy revision to better disaggregate conflict issues around displacement. The Philippines displacement by building villages in clusters, modelling and population impacts, to labour needed support, countries plan to enable early Issues and ensure gains against the Sustainable and disaster induced displacement for analysis, retains a CCCM cluster but has localized the rehabilitation and support for landless families force modelling to provide better services and action that will diminish overall resource While each Government represented has a Development Goals and the Sendai Framework. and Sri Lanka is focusing on climate scenarios framework into national frameworks for disaster to prevent protracted scenarios. livelihoods, to IDP models themselves to requirements and avert the crisis, where different national structure, speakers agreed on and monitoring technology, along with above management to better fit the context and provide predictive simulations to better develop possible. the importance of inter-ministerial or mentioned hazard mapping, to strengthen risk coordination systems with stakeholders. A focus 5. Climate Change, Environmental disaster management plans. In all cases, the cross-sector coordination structures. Whether awareness and their capacity to ensure that on simulations and capacity building has Degradation and Displacement focus was on centralizing the data – including 4. Risk-aware Development from National to via a single Ministry in the lead, a Disaster development projects can reduce displacement ensued toensure decentralized systems. Countries also highlighted the burden of the Sub National Levels Management Agency, or otherwise, risks and/or prevent future disaster Bangladesh has recently institutionalized a adverse effects of climate change on their Closely linked to the policy frameworks, data coordination on key issues came up throughout displacements. Displacement Management Cluster under the disaster risk. While the Philippines is a low CO2 Residents try to salvage what they can as they start clearing out thick mud that accumulated and evidence required, countries were focused discussions. Frameworks and policies were inside their homes, in Batangas, the Philippines. © IOM leadership of the Ministry of Disaster emission country, it receives the brunt of climate on the end result, which would be resilient and important in facilitating that coordination, but 3. Partnership Building Management and Relief (MoDMR). A similar change related disaster impacts, specifically an risk-aware development. This included explicit many pointed out that implementation in a arrangement exists in Indonesia where beaddressed including desertification from All speakers spoke to the importance of increasing scale and intensity of tropical overgrazing (Mongolia), and uncontrolled references to taking the evidence and sharing it whole-of-government and whole-of-society partnerships at the local, national and displacement is integrated with the Protection cyclones. In Mongolia, the slow-onset dzud through both legal policies and sub national approach supported unified efforts and lowered cluster. rural-urban flows (Sri Lanka, Mongolia), illegal international levels. Often this came out in key (dzuit) has increased in frequency, while deforestation and high-risk settlements (Sri capacity building programs to ensure risk is overall resource costs to prevent, respond, and preparedness and solutions-oriented projects, Bangladesh is dealing with a large proportion Lanka), and coastal erosion (Bangladesh, Sri integrated into planning approaches. Almost all find solutions for displaced populations. as well as in support for disaster responses. (78%) of its population living in multi-hazard risk Lanka). focused not only on the national systems, but Coordination at the national level on Mongolia pointed out the value of engagement areas and an expectation that up to 26 million the lower administrative levels, and the desire to management, finance, technical expertise, and with stakeholders including the ‘Community people could be displaced by climate change As all speakers pointed out, the impact of promote resilient people, infrastructure and integration with development and services of Encounter Team’ co-chaired by the UN that related hazards in the coming decades. Sri climate change is not yet fully known, but the government bodies and services. While some provides a forum for an integrated and holistic Lanka was particularly concerned by the mechanisms for addressing disaster hazard awareness may already be integrated While each speaker laid out specific approach to disaster management. Bangladesh uncertainties and the need to invest further in displacement and slow-onset and climate into development and infrastructure, the focus recommendations from his or her context and and Indonesia focused on local partnerships modeling to ensure risk identification and change related displacement – particularly as a here was on displacement and human mobility and programmes. proper land use planning to ensure people’s of people from hazards, and the resultant strains experience around systems and mechanisms to development problem focusing on prevention sex, age and disability disaggregated data to improve displacement prevention, protection, safety and security. Many also pointed to the and solutions – are closely interlinked and need and effects this can have on systems and In particular, Bangladesh noted that the human impact locally that needs to help support specific needs of vulnerable resources. Planning with displacement as an response and solutions, there were some responses to be integrated at the country level. groups – with accurate tracking and information overarching recommendations that recurred Cyclone Preparedness Program (CPP) – a joint integral part of the risk analysis would provide program of the Government and Bangladesh about IDPs in real-time, and subsequent risk improved decisions and financing for reducing throughout the consultation and suggest a analysis to better use the displacement data common perspective on the key priorities for Red Crescent Society (BDRCS) – was a globally risk of future disasters. recognized best practice on community and evidence to ensure that development in the internal displacement. RECOMMENDATIONS country took this into account and reduces the preparedness. Indonesia discussed the Sister 5. Continued Preparedness and Response Village Programme which supports villages to risk of further displacement. 1. Enhance Legal and Regulatory Simulations at All Levels work together and allow for safe haven and While each speaker laid out specific these frameworks and strategies as best Frameworks to Integrate Displacement While mitigation, prevention, and solutions to pre-existing relationships between villagers. The case of Mongolia is differentiated by a large recommendations from his or her context and practices, and all speakers agreed on the 3. Forecast-based Financing and Early Policy and regulatory frameworks must be percentage of displacement and human experience around systems and mechanisms to importance of integrated, multi-sector and local Action on Displacement current displacement were the focus of many 2. Data and Evidence for Policy on Further elaboration was made on the strengthened at national and sub national levels mobility in the context of slow-onset process improve displacement prevention, protection, level capacity to address displacement issues. speakers, the need to continue preparedness Displacement partnerships required in the recent Palu and Building on the data and evidence base, efforts was also highlighted. Resilience was a to ensure strategic and effective approaches to Aceh disaster responses. The Philippines also and with rural-urban movements; this has led response and solutions, there were some While a focus on IDPs for the event was clear, several of the country representatives focused Speakers agreed that data and evidence, key word used by all, with a focus on sub disaster displacement. Many countries brought pointed to a whole of government and the Government to focus on forecast-based over-arching recommendations that were the frameworks discussed went further into on the importance of piloting forecast-based including on different forms of human mobility, national capacity, through simulations, drills, these frameworks and strategies as best partnership approach it has institutionalized to financing mechanisms to anticipate and reiterated from all and suggest a common looking at local planning and contingency financing models for displacement, similar to but also on hazard and risks profiles and contingency planning and capacity building for practices, and all speakers agreed on the engage multi-level stakeholders – including mitigate displacement impact with early action perspective on the key priorities for internal mechanisms, local risk-aware investment and the work that Mongolia has begun. While data scenarios for disasters continued to play a response measures. Contingency plans, in importance of integrated, multi-sector and local IDPs, local governments, CSOs, NGOs, UN and protocols. Based on its 2017 Disaster Protection displacement. construction, adaptation planning, resilience and evidence is still required, and thus was major role in national capacity to address particular, need to be mandatory requirements level capacity to address displacement issues. development partners – to address risk and find Law, Mongolia has mandated government building, and risk sensitive settlement planning, pushed consistently, countries desire to turn displacement. Mongolia is focused on tracking for governments at all administrative levels, and While a focus on IDPs for the event was clear, solutions. institutions to invest 1% of their budgets on 1. Enhance Legal and Regulatory in the context of disasters and climate change. that evidence into mechanisms to create early mobility and including displacement into simulations are required to test the plans and the frameworks discussed went further into disaster preparedness for improved risk Frameworks to Integrate Displacement action to mitigate or prevent displacement in the looking a local planning and contingency national statistics for development to ensure no identification for communities leading to a surge ensure their applicability and effectiveness 4. Localization, Contextualization, and Policy and regulatory frameworks must be 2. Data and Evidence for Policy on future. Examples included early action for cash one is left behind Bangladesh is working with its in training and capacity on preparedness and before disasters strike. Community based mechanisms, local risk-aware investment and Innovation Displacement transfers to affected populations before disaster management committees to ensure strengthened at national and sub national levels disaster risk and response management was construction, adaptation planning, resilience emergency response. displacement, targeting of host communities to decentralized mechanisms to track and feed While international frameworks and the to ensure strategic and effective approaches to Every country had specific and contextually further highlighted, to upgrade skills of local building, and risk sensitive settlement planning, ensure proper social protection of those data to the national level. Similarly, the Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) play a disaster displacement. Many countries brought relevant needs for more data, including units and ensure protection and services in the context of disasters and climate change. Bangladesh further elaborated on specific affected by displacement, and forecasting of

5 real-time monitoring and tracking, historical likely displacement impacts from incoming for displaced people were adequately the Government, under an established analysis and modelling, and mechanisms to turn natural hazards based on census, risk and addressed in crises. structure, was seen as a minimum requirement that evidence into useful tools for planning and vulnerability mapping to better prepare to enable response and recovery, to development decision-makers. Specific adequate services. By identifying displacement 6. Cross-sectoral Coordination at the operationalize the Guiding Principles on Internal examples ranged from river bank erosion risk early, with financial capability to deploy National Level to Address Complex Displacement, protect the human rights of IDPs, modelling and population impacts, to labour needed support, countries plan to enable early Issues and ensure gains against the Sustainable force modelling to provide better services and action that will diminish overall resource While each Government represented has a Development Goals and the Sendai Framework. livelihoods, to IDP models themselves to requirements and avert the crisis, where different national structure, speakers agreed on provide predictive simulations to better develop possible. the importance of inter-ministerial or disaster management plans. In all cases, the cross-sector coordination structures. Whether focus was on centralizing the data – including 4. Risk-aware Development from National to via a single Ministry in the lead, a Disaster Sub National Levels Management Agency, or otherwise, Closely linked to the policy frameworks, data coordination on key issues came up throughout and evidence required, countries were focused discussions. Frameworks and policies were on the end result, which would be resilient and important in facilitating that coordination, but risk-aware development. This included explicit many pointed out that implementation in a references to taking the evidence and sharing it whole-of-government and whole-of-society through both legal policies and sub national approach supported unified efforts and lowered capacity building programs to ensure risk is overall resource costs to prevent, respond, and integrated into planning approaches. Almost all find solutions for displaced populations. focused not only on the national systems, but Coordination at the national level on the lower administrative levels, and the desire to management, finance, technical expertise, and promote resilient people, infrastructure and integration with development and services of government bodies and services. While some hazard awareness may already be integrated Real-time monitoring and tracking of hazards can support the development of disaster management plans. into development and infrastructure, the focus here was on displacement and human mobility of people from hazards, and the resultant strains sex, age and disability disaggregated data to and effects this can have on systems and help support specific needs of vulnerable resources. Planning with displacement as an groups – with accurate tracking and information integral part of the risk analysis would provide about IDPs in real-time, and subsequent risk improved decisions and financing for reducing analysis to better use the displacement data risk of future disasters. and evidence to ensure that development in the country took this into account and reduces the 5. Continued Preparedness and Response risk of further displacement. Simulations at All Levels While each speaker laid out specific these frameworks and strategies as best recommendations from his or her context and practices, and all speakers agreed on the 3. Forecast-based Financing and Early While mitigation, prevention, and solutions to experience around systems and mechanisms to importance of integrated, multi-sector and local Action on Displacement current displacement were the focus of many improve displacement prevention, protection, level capacity to address displacement issues. speakers, the need to continue preparedness Building on the data and evidence base, efforts was also highlighted. Resilience was a response and solutions, there were some While a focus on IDPs for the event was clear, several of the country representatives focused over-arching recommendations that were the frameworks discussed went further into key word used by all, with a focus on sub on the importance of piloting forecast-based national capacity, through simulations, drills, reiterated from all and suggest a common looking at local planning and contingency financing models for displacement, similar to perspective on the key priorities for internal mechanisms, local risk-aware investment and contingency planning and capacity building for the work that Mongolia has begun. While data response measures. Contingency plans, in displacement. construction, adaptation planning, resilience and evidence is still required, and thus was building, and risk sensitive settlement planning, particular, need to be mandatory requirements pushed consistently, countries desire to turn for governments at all administrative levels, and 1. Enhance Legal and Regulatory in the context of disasters and climate change. that evidence into mechanisms to create early simulations are required to test the plans and Frameworks to Integrate Displacement action to mitigate or prevent displacement in the ensure their applicability and effectiveness 2. Data and Evidence for Policy on Policy and regulatory frameworks must be future. Examples included early action for cash before disasters strike. Community based Displacement strengthened at national and sub national levels transfers to affected populations before disaster risk and response management was to ensure strategic and effective approaches to Every country had specific and contextually displacement, targeting of host communities to further highlighted, to upgrade skills of local disaster displacement. Many countries brought relevant needs for more data, including ensure proper social protection of those units and ensure protection and services affected by displacement, and forecasting of

6 real-time monitoring and tracking, historical likely displacement impacts from incoming for displaced people were adequately the Government, under an established analysis and modelling, and mechanisms to turn natural hazards based on census, risk and addressed in crises. structure, was seen as a minimum requirement that evidence into useful tools for planning and vulnerability mapping to better prepare to enable response and recovery, to development decision-makers. Specific adequate services. By identifying displacement 6. Cross-sectoral Coordination at the operationalize the Guiding Principles on Internal examples ranged from river bank erosion risk early, with financial capability to deploy National Level to Address Complex Displacement, protect the human rights of IDPs, modelling and population impacts, to labour needed support, countries plan to enable early Issues and ensure gains against the Sustainable force modelling to provide better services and action that will diminish overall resource While each Government represented has a Development Goals and the Sendai Framework. livelihoods, to IDP models themselves to requirements and avert the crisis, where different national structure, speakers agreed on provide predictive simulations to better develop possible. the importance of inter-ministerial or disaster management plans. In all cases, the cross-sector coordination structures. Whether focus was on centralizing the data – including 4. Risk-aware Development from National to via a single Ministry in the lead, a Disaster Sub National Levels Management Agency, or otherwise, Closely linked to the policy frameworks, data coordination on key issues came up throughout and evidence required, countries were focused discussions. Frameworks and policies were on the end result, which would be resilient and important in facilitating that coordination, but risk-aware development. This included explicit many pointed out that implementation in a references to taking the evidence and sharing it whole-of-government and whole-of-society through both legal policies and sub national approach supported unified efforts and lowered capacity building programs to ensure risk is overall resource costs to prevent, respond, and integrated into planning approaches. Almost all find solutions for displaced populations. focused not only on the national systems, but Coordination at the national level on The people of Tulangan village, in East Java province Indonesia, work together to rebuild the the lower administrative levels, and the desire to management, finance, technical expertise, and houses of residents that were damaged by the tornado in 2018. promote resilient people, infrastructure and integration with development and services of © Shutterstock.com/Dedi_Roesyadi09 government bodies and services. While some hazard awareness may already be integrated into development and infrastructure, the focus here was on displacement and human mobility of people from hazards, and the resultant strains Enhance Legal and Regulatory sex, age and disability disaggregated data to and effects this can have on systems and Frameworks to integrate Displacement help support specific needs of vulnerable resources. Planning with displacement as an groups – with accurate tracking and information integral part of the risk analysis would provide about IDPs in real-time, and subsequent risk improved decisions and financing for reducing Cross-sectoral Coordination at the Data and Evidence for Policy analysis to better use the displacement data risk of future disasters. National Level to Address and evidence to ensure that development in the Complex Issues on Displacement country took this into account and reduces the 5. Continued Preparedness and Response risk of further displacement. Simulations at All Levels While each speaker laid out specific these frameworks and strategies as best recommendations from his or her context and practices, and all speakers agreed on the 3. Forecast-based Financing and Early While mitigation, prevention, and solutions to experience around systems and mechanisms to importance of integrated, multi-sector and local Action on Displacement current displacement were the focus of many improve displacement prevention, protection, level capacity to address displacement issues. speakers, the need to continue preparedness Building on the data and evidence base, efforts was also highlighted. Resilience was a response and solutions, there were some While a focus on IDPs for the event was clear, several of the country representatives focused Recommended over-arching recommendations that were the frameworks discussed went further into key word used by all, with a focus on sub on the importance of piloting forecast-based national capacity, through simulations, drills, Actions reiterated from all and suggest a common looking at local planning and contingency financing models for displacement, similar to perspective on the key priorities for internal mechanisms, local risk-aware investment and contingency planning and capacity building for the work that Mongolia has begun. While data response measures. Contingency plans, in displacement. construction, adaptation planning, resilience and evidence is still required, and thus was building, and risk sensitive settlement planning, particular, need to be mandatory requirements pushed consistently, countries desire to turn for governments at all administrative levels, and 1. Enhance Legal and Regulatory in the context of disasters and climate change. that evidence into mechanisms to create early simulations are required to test the plans and Frameworks to Integrate Displacement action to mitigate or prevent displacement in the ensure their applicability and effectiveness Continued Preparedness and Forecast-based Financing and Early 2. Data and Evidence for Policy on Policy and regulatory frameworks must be future. Examples included early action for cash before disasters strike. Community based Response Simulations at All Levels Action on Displacement Displacement strengthened at national and sub national levels transfers to affected populations before disaster risk and response management was to ensure strategic and effective approaches to Every country had specific and contextually displacement, targeting of host communities to further highlighted, to upgrade skills of local ensure proper social protection of those disaster displacement. Many countries brought relevant needs for more data, including units and ensure protection and services Risk-aware Development from National to affected by displacement, and forecasting of Sub National Levels 7