Available Online at http://www.recentscientific.com International Journal of CODEN: IJRSFP (USA) Recent Scientific

International Journal of Recent Scientific Research Research Vol. 11, Issue, 12 (A), pp. 40210-40212, December, 2020 ISSN: 0976-3031 DOI: 10.24327/IJRSR Research Article

ENTREPRENEURIAL PERFORMANCE OF CASHEW GROWERS IN DISTRICT OF

Jeya R., Mahalakshmi S and Darling B. Suji

Department of Agricultural Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24327/ijrsr.2020.1112.5649

ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT

Article History: The present investigation was conducted in of Tamil Nadu to study the entrepreneurial performance of cashew growers. A sample size of 120 cashew growers were selected Received 06th September, 2020 th from six villages of Taluk. The study revealed that majority of respondents (56.00 per cent) Received in revised form 14 possessed medium level of entrepreneurial performance followed by 28.00 per cent having low level October, 2020 and 16.00 per cent having high level of entrepreneurial performance. The correlation analysis Accepted 23rd November, 2020 th revealed that six variables namely educational status, annual income, experience in cashew Published online 28 December, 2020 cultivation, family support, extension agency contact and scientific orientation had positive and significant relationship with entrepreneurial performance of cashew growers. Key Words:

Entrepreneurial performance, cashew production, cashew growers.

Copyright © Jeya R., Mahalakshmi S and Darling B. Suji, 2020, this is an open-access article distributed under the terms of

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INTRODUCTION the study was conducted to assess the entrepreneurial performance of cashew growers and to find out the relationship An entrepreneur is an individual who creates something new of socio-economic and psychological characteristics of the with value, by devoting time and effort. (Bwisa, 2011). He is cashew growers with their entrepreneurial performance. an organizer who combines various factors of production to produce a socially viable product (Jagannath Barik, 2013). METHODOLOGY Entrepreneurs come with an idea of about putting to better use This study was taken up in Cuddalore district of Tamil Nadu. of resources what others may consider as a waste. It increases Panruti block was purposively selected as it had maximum area the economy of the country through taxes and creation of jobs under cashew cultivation. Six villages were selected based on which in turn would increase the standard of living of the maximum area criteria. The selected villages were beneficiaries. Entrepreneurship is a dynamic activity which Vegakollai, Marungur, Kadampuliyur, Kattukudalur, helps the entrepreneur to bring changes in the process of P.Pullayarkuppam and Keelmampattu. A sample size of 120 production, innovation in production, new usage of materials, respondents were selected by proportionate random sampling creator of market, etc. Agricultural entrepreneurship can be method. The data were collected through a well structured and defined as production and marketing of various agricultural pre-tested interview schedule. The collected data were analyzed products. Cashew nut is considered as poor man’s crop and rich statistically using cumulative frequency, percentage analysis, man’s food which had greater economical importance zero order correlation and regression analysis. (Mehazabeen Acchukalta and Srinivasan, 2016). The cashew industry in India is largely an export oriented industry which FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION employs greater number of women to process the nuts. (Haripriya, 2014). The development of any nation depends Entrepreneural performance of Cashew Growers primarily on the important role played by entrepreneurs. Hence, The results on distribution of respondents according to their the part played by entrepreneurs is of vital importance in a entrepreneurial performance are presented in Table 1. developing country like India (Shivacharan et al., 2015). Cashew play an important role in Indian economy and also some people said “cash from cashew is a no-brainer”. Hence

*Corresponding author: Jeya R Department of Agricultural Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu International Journal of Recent Scientific Research Vol. 11, Issue, 12 (A), pp. 40210-40212, December, 2020

Table 1 Distribution of respondents according to their level of innovativeness. The reason for medium level of entrepreneurial performance innovativeness was due to the fact that majority of the (n = 120) respondents had formal education which might have enabled them to possess medium level of innovativeness in cashew S.No Category Number of Respondents Per Cent 1. Low 34 28.00 farming.

2. Medium 67 56.00 3. High 19 16.00 Credit Orientation

Total 120 100.00 In the total sample, three-fifth of the respondents (62.00 per It could be observed from the Table 1 that half the proportion cent) belonged to medium level of credit orientation followed of cashew growers (56.00 per cent) were found to be medium by high 20.00 per cent and low 18.00 per cent levels of credit level of entrepreneurial performance followed by low (28.00 orientation. The presence of institutional credit mechanisms in per cent) and high (16.00 per cent) levels of entrepreneurial the study area may be the probable reason for medium to high performance.. This finding derives support from the findings level of credit orientation. of Rakesh et.al (2016 ) and Kumar et, al.,(2016) . Risk Orientation

Entrepreneurial traits of cashew growers Half the proportion of the respondents (50.00 per cent) had The entrepreneurial traits of cashew growers were studied medium level of risk orientation followed by 30.00 per cent of under ten components such as self-confidence, decision making the respondents with high level of risk orientation. Only 20.00 ability, innovativeness, achievement motivation, risk per cent of them had low level of risk orientation. It could be orientation, credit orientation, competition orientation, inferred that majority of the respondents had medium level of leadership ability, knowledge about cashew cultivation and risk orientation. The medium to high level of risk orientation economic motivation. The results are presented in table 2. by majority of the respondents may be due to their medium to high level of annual income. The results on distribution of respondents according to their entrepreneurial traits are presented in Table 2.

Table 2 Distribution of respondents according to their entrepreneurial traits

(n=120)

Low Medium High S. No Entrepreneurial traits Total No. of respondents Per cent No. of respondents Per cent No. of respondents Per cent 1 Self confidence 28 23.00 90 75.00 2 2.00 100.00 2 Decision making ability 34 28.00 65 54.00 21 18.00 100.00 3 Innovativeness 22 18.00 71 59.00 27 23.00 100.00 4 Achievement motivation 26 22.00 77 64.00 17 14.00 100.00 5 Risk orientation 24 20.00 60 50.00 36 30.00 100.00 6 Credit orientation 22 18.00 74 62.00 24 20.00 100.00 7 Competition orientation 23 19.00 71 59.00 26 22.00 100.00 8 Leadership ability 19 16.00 70 58.00 31 26.00 100.00 9 Knowledge about cashew cultivation 28 23.00 71 59.00 21 18.00 100.00 10 Economic motivation 18 15.00 73 61.00 29 24.00 100.00

Self confidence Competition Orientation

Majority of the respondents (75.00 per cent) had medium level Majority of the respondents (59.00 per cent) had medium level of self-confidence followed by 23.00 per cent of the of competition orientation followed by high (22.00 per cent) respondents had low level of self confidence. Only a meagre and low (19.00 per cent) levels of orientation towards proportion (2.00 per cent) of the respondents had high level of competitions. The medium level of innovativeness and risk self confidence. As many of the respondents had formal taking ability of the respondents have enabled them to be education which in turn might have enabled them to be self medium in their competition orientation. confident. Achievement Motivation Decision Making Ability Majority of the respondents (64.00 per cent) had medium level The distributional analysis pertaining to decision making of achievement motivation followed by 22.00 per cent and ability of cashew growers mentioned in Table 1 indicated that 14.00 per cent of the respondents with low and high degree of just over half of the respondents (54.00 per cent) had medium achievement motivation. level of decision making ability followed by low (28.00 per cent) and high (18.00 per cent) levels of decision making Leadership ability ability. Majority of the respondents (58.00 per cent) had medium level

Innovativeness of leadership ability followed by 26.00 per cent and 16.00 per cent of the respondents with high and low levels of leadership More than half the proportion of the respondents (59.00 per ability, respectively. As the respondents were well educated cent) had medium level of innovativeness followed by 23.00 and self confident which in turn would have helped them to per cent of the respondents had high level of innovativeness. acquire leadership qualities. Only 18.00 per cent of the respondents were found to have low 40211 | P a g e Jeya R., Mahalakshmi S and Darling B. Suji., Entrepreneurial Performance of Cashew Growers In Cuddalore District of Tamil Nadu

Knowledge about cashew cultivation The remaining characteristics were found to be non-significant. Among the significant variables, two variables namely Around 60.00 per cent of the respondents (59.00 per cent) had educational status and experience in cashew nut cultivation medium level of knowledge, followed by high (23.00 per cent) were found to be significant at one per cent level of probability, and low (18.00 per cent) levels. One of the reason for the while annual income, family support, extension agency contact medium level of knowledge might be due to the medium level and scientific orientation were significant at five per cent level of scientific orientation, extension agency contact and of probability. innovativeness. The another reason for middle level of knowledge of the respondents was that they did not acquire CONCLUSION adequate knowledge about the chemicals and their concentration which might have resulted in medium level of From the study it could be concluded that majority of the knowledge on cashew cultivation practices. cashew growers possessed medium level of entrepreneurial performance. Intensive extension efforts were given to increase Economic motivation their entrepreneurial performance through innovative extension

The data from Table 1indicated that more than half the methods. Out of twelve variables studied, only six variables proportion of the respondents (61.00 per cent) had medium namely educational status, annual income, experience in level of economic motivation followed by high (24.00 per cent) cashew cultivation, family support, extension agency contact and low (15.00 per cent) levels of economic motivation. and scientific orientation were found to be positive and significant relationship with entrepreneurial performance of the Relationship of Characteristics of Respondents with their respondents. Therefore, these socio-economic and Entrepreneurial performance psychological variables significantly influence the

The results on relationship of characteristics of respondents entrepreneurial performance of cashew growers. with their entrepreneurial performance are presented in Table References 3. 1. Bwisa, H.M. (2011), Entrepreneurial theory and practice: Table 3 Relationship of characteristics of respondents with A Kenyan Perspective, Nairobi Jomo their entrepreneurial performance Kenyatta Foundation. (n=120) 2. Haripriya, S. (2014). Sustainable cashew production in Standard Correlation Regression error of Cuddalore district – A case study Agropedia. http:// S.No Variables ‘t’ value value co-efficient regression agropedia. iitk.ac.in co-efficient 3. Jagannath Barik. (2013). A Study on Entrepreneurial 1. Age 0.121 NS 0.468 0.392 1.193 NS behaviour of vegetable growers of Cuttack district. 2. Educational status 0.265** 1.478 0.612 2.642** 3. Occupational status -0.046 NS -0.028 4.448 0.006 NS Unpub. M.Sc (Ag.). Thesis, Orissa University of 4. Farm size -0.018 NS 0.030 2.711 0.011 NS Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar. 5. Annual income 0.192* 2.416 1.226 1.970* 4. Kumar, A.N., Farooquee Nehal and Sasidhar Experience in 6. 0.271** 0.965 0.399 2.418* PVK.(20160. Entrepreneurial behaviour of vegetable cashew cultivation 7. Family support 0.186* 0.398 0.201 1.980* growers in Karnataka. Indian Journal of Economic and 8. Social participation 0.037 NS 0.023 0.237 0.097 NS Development.12 (2): 369-376. Extension agency 9. 0.206* 1.765 1.000 1.765* 5. Mehazabeen Acchukatla and G. Srinivasan (2019). An contact economic analysis of cashew value chain in Cuddalore Mass media 10. -0.080 NS -0.076 -0.606 -0.125NS exposure district of Tamil Nadu. International Journal of Research Scientific and Analytical Reviews, 6(1): 2349-51308. 11. 0.231* 0.468 0.241 1.941* orientation 6. Rakesh Ahuja, S.P.Singh, S.S.Sangwan and Training Gautam.(2016). Entrepreneurial behaviour of dairy 12. programmes -0.090 NS 0.084 3.376 0.024 NS attended farmers in Haryana. Haryana vet. 55(1), 6-11.

** - Significant at 0.01 level of probability 7. Shivacharan,G., V.Sudha Rani and K.Madan Mohan * - Significant at 0.05 level of probability Reddy (2015). Entrepreneurial behaviour of rural agri NS - Non-significant entrepreneurs and relationship between entrepreneurial It could be seen from the Table 3 that out of twelve behaviour and profile characters. Research Journal of characteristics studied, six characteristics namely educational Agricultural Sciences.6 (5):1089 -1091. status, annual income, experience in cashew cultivation, family support, extension agency contact and scientific orientation were found to be significant relationship with the entrepreneurial performance of the respondents.

How to cite this article:

Jeya R., Mahalakshmi S and Darling B. Suji.2020, Entrepreneurial Performance of Cashew Growers in Cuddalore District of

Tamil Nadu. Int J Recent Sci Res. 11(12), pp.40210-40212. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24327/ijrsr.2020.1112.5649

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