Submitted to NEYVELI LIGNITE CORPORATION NEYVELI – 607 801

Annexure-I-A Query No. 1: Mining plan approval from Ministry of Coal:

Annexure-II-A Query No. 2: Rehabilitation plan for management old dump and system for reclamation. Reply: Mine-IA system for reclamation and Rehabilitation plan for management old dump. 1.0 System of Reclamation / method of land Reclamation: In opencast Mining, the overburden above the Mineral is excavated and backfilled after extraction of the Mineral. Due to the overburden excavation, there is complete alteration of topsoil structure which is supporting the vegetation. Hence it is prime importance to restore the mined out area to the original condition to support vegetation cover of the planet. NLC is taking all the efforts to restore the Mined out area to the original condition through knowledge acquired by scientific studies for environment restoration.

1.1 Land Reclamation procedures: The following is the land reclamation and afforestation procedure adopted at Neyveli Mines: 1.2 Levelling the area: The backfilled areas taken over after completion of dumping involves lot of undulations of the ground, heaps and low lying pockets, leading to rough terrain and water stagnation. These undulations will be removed with the help of CME equipments

1.3 Conservation of top soil: In accordance with the advancement mine cut the top soil is removed by using backhoe shovel. Then the Top soil is transported and stacked separately by using dumpers at the backfilled area.

1.4 Reclamation and Afforestation: Reclamation and Afforestation activities are carried out continually to reclaim the backfilled area both physically and biologically to control soil erosion and also to give a green cover to the barren dump yard to bring back the entire fauna and flora. This is being done by adapting both physical reclamation and biological reclamation. The below picture shows the Agriculture activity sequence at Mined out area:

1.5 Various types of Reclamation practices of NLC:  Chemical Reclamation: In order to transform the dump spoil into fertile lands, soil inputs viz. Saw Dust, Lignite dust, Fly ash, Gypsum, Farm yard manure, urea, super phosphate, potash, Micronutrients (Cu, Zn, Mn, Mo & B) have been added to dumped soil.  Bio-reclamation using Bio-fertilizer: A pilot plant facility was setup to produce bio-fertilizer using lignite as carrier. Application of bio-fertilizer increased crop productivity by 15 – 40%.  Biological Reclamation using VAM Fungi: VA-Mycorrhiza (VAM) a kind of fungi is found to have beneficial effects on growth of plants. It is observed that VAM application is highly beneficial to the growth of plants (Increase in growth varied from 10-45 %).  Utilisation of Fly ash in Reclamation:

Lignite fly ash contains plant nutrients like Ca, Mg, K, P, S, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, B, Mo etc. Crops like paddy, groundnut and maize were tested and found that 20T/ha of fly ash increased the yield of paddy by 20-40%.  Reclamation using Lignite based Humic acid: NLC has successfully developed a process for extracting humic acid in the form of Potassium humate from lignite. Humic acid helps to retain the nutrients and increases the yield from 20-30% in mine spoil. The below picture shows the Afforestation activity sequence at Mined out area:

The below picture shows the paddy field in the backfilled reclaimed area.

2.0 Rain water harvesting ponds:

Rainwater harvesting structures (small water bodies) were developed in the dump yard to reduce the field run off during heavy rainy periods and also maintaining eco-balance in the vicinity. Also it will help in retaining soil moisture around the ponds.

In order to establish a green forest area for the total fulfillment of the requirements of the nature, artificial lakes have been developed which also accommodates rain water harvesting system. The lake has been developed and is being maintained with all the connected requirements of a natural lake. Around the lake, retaining wall has been constructed for the protection of the bund as well as the lake. Various types of wild fruit trees, such as Sweet tamarind, Amla, Naval, etc., have been developed around the lake to attract the birds for their feeding. Further, to augment the requirements of these birds, various varieties of fish have also been provided in the lake. Artificial lakes which have been developed fully in all the three mines in a total area of 46 hectares and original habitat formation is being brought out. 3.0 Rehabilitation plan for management dump : Mine-IA do not have external dump. Mine-IA dumped the initial Mine cut quantity at Mine-I void. The internal dump of Mine-IA is progressively reclaimed and afforested.. 3.1 Management of Mine-IA Dump: Dumps are permanent sources of land degradation through wash off by rains and air blown through wind action. They also present a repulsive look to the viewer, if not properly afforested. Neyveli mines are located in cyclonic belt and receive an average annual rainfall of 1200 mm. When huge volumes of runoff water is generated due to heavy spells of rain and flows on the dump slopes from a height of 70-85m to the ground and small channels which are normally seen on the slope get enlarged due the increased flow velocity and wide gaping gullies are formed in slopes. The uncontrolled flow of water along the gullies results in erosion of soil and subsequently deposits the silt in toe drains or other water courses in the downstream side and hence floods the regions in the downstream side.

Slope prior to Stabilisation

To have effective control and have stable slope the following are incorporated: 3.2 Slope stabilization: In NLC, a Project namely slope stabilisation of the Mines in Over Burden dumps has been undertaken with the collaboration of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. These dumps were terraced to different Benches with proper drainage and irrigation facilities. In order to have soil compatibility, suitable plant species are identified for plantation in the slopes and also for green belt. In order to have proper moisture on the slopes, drip irrigation system has been deployed.

3.3 The following are the civil structures to maintain dump slopes.  Edge bund: Edge bunds are formed along the edge of the dump with a top width of 3 meters, bottom width of 6 meters and an average height of 1.5 to 2.0 meters. A small surface drainage channel is formed in front of the edge bund to carry excess runoff water to the lined chutes or to nearby storm water drains, which facilitates regulated flow of water from dump to downstream side.

 Check wall Check walls of gunny bag or masonry type are constructed on the downstream side of gullies to prevent silt being carried along with the turbulent water. Once the silt gets filled up to the wall, further check walls are constructed on the upstream side of gullies.  Gully chute In certain locations where the flow of rainwater is more, a gully chute is formed to allow regulated flow of water from top of dump to the canal in downstream side. Such gully chutes are usually formed along with a series of check walls.

 Retaining wall and catch water drain Retaining wall constructed across the flow of water, breaks the velocity of water, which is later passed through a catch water drain. Catch water drains are maintained every year by de-silting and casting the silt beside the drain to form a “defense bund”.  Silt traps: Silt trap (a masonry chamber) along with necessary cross drainage system is constructed which acts as fourth line of defense against siltation in the main water canal. The water from the catch water drain is allowed to enter the silt trap through weep holes of small aperture size and silt gets deposited in the catch water drain itself. A cross drainage system with series of pipes are constructed 1 meter above the bottom of silt trap. The water after entering the silt trap deposits fine silt at the bottom of the trap chamber and water alone enters the cross drainage pipes, which leads to the main water canal.

4.0 MINE-IA PROPOSED RECLAMATION AND AFFORESTATION PROGRAMME Mine-IA existing project area is 1624 Ha. It is proposed to annex 382 Ha Lignite bearing area along with the existing area. The total project of Mine-IA will be 2006 Ha. The below table shows the existing and proposed Land Reclamation and afforestation programme. MINE-IA AFFORESTATION PROGRAMME (YEAR/STAGE WISE AND LOCATION WISE) Area in Ha

Sl. No. Year Greenbelt Area afforested Active Mining Infrastructure Others Final Total area in Ha. Total no. of Tree planted in Ha. Backfilled / area in Ha. Area in Ha. undisturbed void in (Cumulative) = (Cumulative) Reclaimed area ( C ) (D) area in Ha. Ha. (A)+(B)+ (A) in Ha. (E) (F) ( C)+(D)+(E)+(F) (Cumulative) ( B )

1 Until 2014 68.10 97.14 385.92 64.53 205.66 821.35 991779

2 2014 -2019 72.49 133.13 761.10 64.53 205.66 1236.91 1092730

3 2019- 2024 72.49 230.65 837.61 64.53 205.66 1410.94 1336530

4 2024 - 2029 82.18 337.97 964.82 64.53 205.66 1655.16 1629055

5 2029 - 2034 82.18 545.41 968.71 64.53 205.66 1866.49 2147653 2034 - 2039 6 (end of mine 91.80 1279.94 281.26 64.53 205.66 1923.19 4008038 life)

After2041 7 91.80 1427.28 0.00 205.66 281.26 2006.00 4311850 (post mining)

5.0 Afforested Dump area Photos:

Afforested Dump area Photos

6.0 GREEN COVER AT NEYVELI TOWNSHIP AND INDUSTRIAL AREA: Over a period NLC had raised nearly 189 Lakhs trees at Neyveli Township and Industrial area. This tree cover look like a big dense forest and offer lot of environmental advantages.

DETAILS OF PREVIOUS AWARDS RECEIVED:

NLC is a front runner not only in the field of Lignite Mining and Power generation but also NLC is Mining mineral in a sustainable way, without any damage to Environment. In recognition of its innovative approach in environmental care, NLC has been awarded many awards. Prestigious awards are listed below:

ENVIRONMENTAL AWARDS RECEIVED:

1. National Energy Conservation Award 2013” for Mine-II among the category of Mining Industries 2. Meritorious Gold award from SCOPE for Environment excellence and Sustainable Development for the year 2011-2012. 3. Indira Gandhi Paryavaran Puraskar award of MoE&F for the year 2009 for Environment Excellence. 4. GOLDEN PEACOCK – Eco Innovation Award 2008 5. SCOPE Meritorious Award for Environment excellence and Sustainable Development (2005 – 2006) 6. Indo-German Green Tech Environmental Excellence Award 2000-01 7. K.P. Goenka memorial award for Environmental Care –1988. 8. FICCI Award for Environment Preservation and pollution Control – 1988. 9. Indira Priyadarshini Vrikshamitra Award from Government of India –1986

R&D STUDIES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND AFFORESTATION: NLC is continuously seeking the scientific community help for obtaining latest Land reclamation and afforestation techniques. Different organisations Conducted R&D studies since 1992 on reclamation and rehabilitation of the mine-spoil dumped and back-filled areas at NLC are . The CARD, NLC, Neyveli (1993-1997) . Annamalai University, Chidambaram (1992-1997) . The University of Madras, Chennai (1995-1999) . The CFRI, Dhanbad, (1996-2000) and . The Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore (2004-2008) . The Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore (2012-2014)

NLC is adopting the recommendation of the studies made. This helped NLC to make sustainable green environment after mining. The abstract of the various study conducted is given below: 7.0 Works done by the Annamalai University (1992-1997)

Studies on soil improvement

 Results of the studies on the effects of the organic and inorganic amendments on the physical and chemical properties of the post-harvest mine-spoil at the end of the fourth year of cropping showed reduction of bulk density from 1.62 in the pre-planting spoil to 1.17 Mg/m3, increase in pore-space from 35.8 in the pre-planting soil to 47.2 % and increase in hydraulic conductivity of mine-spoil from 0.1 to 0.5 cm/sec. There was no distinct change in the pH and EC of the cropped spoil. Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) of the spoil increased from 9.9 to 11cmol P+/kg in pre-planting spoil to 9.3-20.9 cmol P+/kg. Noteworthy observation was that the organic carbon content which ranged from 0.017 to 0.03 % in the initial spoils increased by two to three folds to 0.05-0.06 % after final cropping. Available nitrogen status in preplanting soils of 81.0kg/ha increased to 102 kg/ha. Similarly, available

phosphorus status in the pre-planting soil of 3.1 kg P2O5 /ha increased to 4.5-19.5 kg/ha depending upon the kinds and amounts of the amendments applied and crops grown. In respect of the available potassium status, it increased from78 kg /ha to 92-276 kg /ha under the different treatments and crops grown.

 Microbiological analysis of mine-spoil for the qualitative estimation of fungi, bacteria, actinomycetes and diastrophic bacteria revealed that among the three groups of Organisms viz., fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes that colonized in the mine-spoil, fungi dominated in all the samples followed by bacteria and actinomycetes. The mine-spoil did not contain any diastrophic bacteria (nitrogen-fixing microorganisms). The fungal population recorded in the mine-spoil was 1000 times less than in the normal soil while the bacterial and actinomycetes populations were ten thousand to one lakh times lesser than in the normal soil.

Studies on the performance of the field crops

 In Mine-I, in order to achieve the main objective of enrichment of the mine-spoils with suitable amendments to transform them fit for cultivation of crops, the project on reclamation of back-filled areas of Neyveli open-cast mine was conducted by the Annamalai University during the period from 1992 to1997. Different crops viz., cereals, pulses, oil seeds, fibre crops, sugarcane, green manures, vegetables, fruits and forest trees were grown and screened. Among the annual crops, in the confirmative trials carried out the crops of rice, sugarcane, maize and finger millet performed well.

 Among the different rice cultivars grown in the amended mine-soil under field conditions, ADT 38 showed better adaptability. It recorded grain yields of 4.9, 6.2 and 5.7 t/ha in the first, second and third seasons respectively, thereby indicating its consistent performance in amended mine-soil. Organic manures viz., coirpith @ 40 t/ha, press-mud @ 25 t/ha and inorganics viz., lignite fly ash (LFA) @ 5 t/ha, humic acid @ 30 kg /ha, zinc sulphate @ 25 kg

/ha, 200 kg N, 100 kg P2O5 and 100 kg K2O/ha and soil application of biofertilizer – Azospirillum @ 4 kg/ha have been found to be very effective in amending and enriching the mine-soil and in transforming it suitable for growing rice (Fig.2)

 Three crops of sugarcane grown in the amended mine-spoil proved beyond doubt the suitability of sugarcane cultivars CoC 6304, CoC 771 and CoC 29061 for mine-spoil. It is possible to get a yield of 70 t/ha on an average. Soil application of FYM @ 25 t/ha + ZnSO4 @ 50 kg /ha + lignite fly ash @ 5 t/ha + humic acid @ 30 kg /ha + 825 kg N/ha + 120 kg

P2O5/ha and 225 kg K2O/ha + biofertilizer Azospirillum @ 4 kg /ha is recommended for the above crop in the mine-spoil(Fig.3)

 Finger millet too grew well in the mine-spoil. Normal yield of 3.6 t/ha was obtained when the mine-spoil was amended with press-mud @ 25.5 t/ha, lignite fly ash @ 5 t/ha, humic

acid @ 30 kg/ha and zinc sulphate @ 25 kg /ha along with 120 kg N, 60 kg P2O5 and 60 kg

K2O/ha (Fig.4)

 Incorporation of Azolla biofertilizer into the mine-spoil before transplanting of rice significantly increased the growth parameters and yield components of rice cv. Savithri (CR 1009) and ADT 39 (Fig.5).

 The Azospirillum application through seed as well as seedling-dip significantly improved the growth and yield of rice in the mine-spoil, amended with organics and inorganics.

 Green manure Sesbania rostrata (Stem-nodulating legume) grown in mine-spoil applied with press-mud gave a biomass of 10t/ha and in-situ incorporation of this biomass greatly enriched the mine-spoil (Fig. 6&7).

Work done by the CARD, NLC, Neyveli (1993-1997)

 The beneficial effects of biofertilizers on the mine-spoil were demonstrated in 2 sites at mine-I and Mine-IA, about 2 acres each. The project entitled on ‘Production of bio -fertilizer using lignite as carrier material’ sponsored by the Ministry of Coal and S&T was implemented by the CARD, NLC during 1993-1997.

The main objective of this project was to setup Pilot Plant Facility to produce various strains of bacterial fertilizers using lignite as a carrier and application to mine-spoil in order to improve the microbial activity, thus resulting in potential increase in fertility status (Fig. 8).

 To arrive at the dosage required to build up microbial activity, field experiments were carried out with the various strains viz., nitrogen-fixing and phosphate-solubilizing microbes on crops of green manure, maize and finger millet. Application of biofertilizers increased the soil fertility and crop productivity by 15-40 % on using the dosage of 8 kg/ha of four bacterial strains viz., Rhizobium, Azospirillum, Azotobacter and Phosphobacteria. The total microbial activity was achieved to the tune of 0.6-1.1 million/g of soil. CARD is producing and regularly supplying various biofertilizers to the Mines for reclamation purpose (Fig. 9).

8.0 Work done by the University of Madras and CARD, NLC (1995-1999)

 The Standing Scientific Committee of Ministry of Coal, Govt.of India sponsored the S & T project ‘Biological methods of employing VAM fungi in Neyveli mine-spoil, ash pond and afforested areas’. This project was jointly implemented by CARD,NLC, Neyveli and CAS in Botany, University of Madras (1995-1999). The objective of the project was to study the effect of VAM on trees and testing in waste land soils namely mine-spoil, ash pond and other barren lands.

The VAM spores isolated from native plants collected from ash-pond, mine-spoil and red lateritic soils were mass-multiplied in CARD. Three tanks of 3 m x 2 m were constructed and filled with ash-pond soil, mine-spoil and red soil separately. In the tank, sterile FYM @ 25 kg/tank was added and mixed well. Maize seedlings were raised in the tanks and after 2 months establishment, crop was cut at the base and the roots along with the soil were cut into bits and used as inoculums for treating the plants in the experimental sites. Developed efficient VAM fungi were tested on different fruit and forest trees in about 5 acres of mine-spoil in Mine-I. In the experiment, growth of the all the treated plants showed appreciable increase in growth and it varied from 10 – 45 % (Fig. 10).

9.0 Work done by the CARD/ NLC and CFRI, Dhanbad (1996-2000)

 Utilization of Fly-ash in Agriculture implemented by CARD, NLC and CFRI, Dhanbad. The objective of the project was to study the short-term addition of lignite fly-ash on the effect of growth, yield, and heavy metal uptake of crops and the physical and chemical properties of the mine-spoil area of Neyveli. At Mine-I site, totally 8 crops (paddy - green manure - paddy in rotation) were raised and found that 20 t/ha of fly-ash was beneficial and increased the yield by 20 - 40 % (Fig.11)

TNAU-NLC Collaboration Work: (2004-2008)

 Transforming NLC mine-spoils into productive agricultural land through Eco-friendly Integrated Farming System Project from 2004-2008 was undertaken in the dumped/back- filled mine-spoil area of the NLC with the broad objective of rehabilitation of the NLC mine- spoils. The farming system included cropping system, fodder cultivation, agro-forestry, silvipasture, fruit trees cultivation, livestock components, aquaculture, biofertilizer unit and mushroom cultivation.

Studies on soil improvement in mine soil back-filled area

 Studies on the improvement of physical, physic chemical and chemical properties of the mine-spoil after green manuring. The bulk density of the initial experimental soil was 1.43 Mg/m3, the particle density was 2.0 Mg/m3,pore pace was 28.6 %, pH was 7.2, EC was 0.11

dSm-1, organic carbon content was 0.18%, available nitrogen status was 17.6 kg/ha, that of P was 3 kg/ha and that of K was 14 kg/ha.

After green manuring the physical properties viz., the bulk density decreased from 1.43 to 1.33 Mg m-3, there was no change in the particle density and the pore-space percentage improved from 28.6 to 31.73. The physico-chemical properties like pH and EC were within the normal range. Regarding the fertility status, organic carbon and available status of N, P and K increased from 0.18 to 0.24%, 17.0 to 62 kg/ha, 3 kg to 6.0 kg/ha and 14.0 kg to 11 kg/ha respectively

 Effect of organic and inorganics the on physical, physico- chemical and chemical characteristics of the mine-spoil under rice cultivation. Application of green manure along with goat manure and recommended doses of fertilizers (GM @ 30 t ha-1 + goat manure @ 12.5 t ha-1 + RDF) improved the fertility status of mine spoil. The improvement of soil fertility was similar with the application of green manure with FYM and RDF (GM @ 30 t ha-1 + FYM @ 12.5 t ha-1 + RDF) as compared to treatment GM @ 30 t ha-1 + RDF.

 Effect of organics and inorganics on the physical, physic-chemical and chemical characteristics of mine spoil under sorghum cultivation. Application of farm yard manure along with the recommended doses of fertilizers and green manure with RDF increased the organic carbon content by 89.7 and 80.1 per cents respectively over the control of green manure alone. In the case of availability of nutrients of N, P and K, the percentage improvement was 8.5, 48.9 and

46.3 due to the application of farm yard manure along with recommended doses of fertilizers. Similar improvement was recorded in green manure with RDF application treatment as compared to green manure alone treatment.

Studies on performance of field crops

 Field experiment was conducted in project area of Mine-I with different organic source- based compost @ 3t/ha in mine-spoil ecosystem to study their effects on the growth and development of green manure crop dhaincha during 2005. Good quality seeds of dhaincha were sown and the germination percentage was recorded. The vermicompost + mine-spoil at 1: 6 ratio recorded higher germination percentage (95%) when compared to mine-spoil alone (90%). Between the mine-spoils, Mine-I recorded higher mean germination percentage (95%). The highest biomass yield of 36.3 t/ha at 65 DAS was recorded in vermicompost at @ 3t/ha treatment compared to control which recorded 21.3 t/ha at 65 DAS (Fig.13).

 Field experiment was conducted with FYM @ 12.5 t/ha, vermicompost @ 12.5 t/ha, FYM @ 12.5 t/ha + vermicompost @ 12.5 t/ha and vermicompost @ 5 t/ha in mine spoil eco system to evaluate the effects of different organics on the growth and yield of black gram (VBN 4) under mine-spoil ecosystem during 2005-2006. The highest pod yield of 1354 kg/ha was recorded in vermicompost @ 12.5 t/ha treatment. The highest stover yield of 435 kg/ha was recorded in FYM @12.5 t/ha + vermicompost @ 12.5 t/ha treatment (Fig.14).

 The residual effects of vermicompost and FYM at different rates in mine-spoil area were studied by raising cereal crop of sorghum after the harvest of black gram in Mine-I site during 2006. The highest plant height of 72 cm at 117 DAS was recorded in the treatment of FYM @12.5 t/ha + vermicompost@ 12.5 t/ha. Crop rotation of pulse - cereal and application of organics in mine-soil ecosystem were found to be very effective in improving the soil fertility and health.

 Rose and jasmine recorded the highest plant height of 79.9 cm and 87.9 cm, maximum number of flowers of 7 and 28 respectively in the treatment that received panchagavya @ 3% at 30 days after spray in the experiment conducted to evaluate the effect of

panchagavya on the growth and flowering pattern of rose and jasmine undermine-spoil ecosystem (Fig.15).

 A field experiment was conducted during 2006-2007 in the project site of Mine-I to identify suitable flower crops for mine-spoils. Flower crops of jasmine, rose, chrysanthemum, cross andra and African marigold were planted (Fig.16).

Before planting, the pits were filled with pot-mixture containing equal proportions of red earth + sand +FYM. In Jasminium sambac in number of branches/plant was 5, number of flowers/plant was 45 and the weight of flowers/plant was 15.3 g whereas in Jasminium grandiflorum the number of branches/plant was 6, the number of flowers/plant was 130 and the weight of flowers/plant was 13.0 g at 180 DAP. At 270 DAP, J. grandiflorum produced yield of 21.9 kg/ha (Fig.17).

 In rose, at 270 DAP, the average plant height was 135 cm, number of branches/plant was 9.0, single flower weight was 3.4 g, number of flowers/plant was 50 and flower yield was 49, 281 kg/ha.

 In Crossandra the average number of branches/plant was 5.0 and the number of flowers/plant was 98 at 270 DAP. In African marigold in the first spell at 150 DAP, the number of branches/plant was 6, number of flowers/plant was 38, single flower weight was 4.7 g and total flower yield/ha was 739 kg and in the second spell at 150 DAP number of branches/plant was 7, number of flowers/plant was 34, single flower weight was 5.4 g and total flower yield/ha was 256 kg.

 In Mine-I, during 2006-2007 in the project to identify suitable flower crops for mine-spoils, Jasmine cv. Ramanathapuram local produced 19 flowers /plant, 8g flower yield/plant and total yield of 31 kg/ha at 14 months after planting. In rose, cv. Andhra red produced more number of branches/plant (10), number of flowers/plant (3), single flower weight (3.4 g) and flower yield/month/320 m2 (850 Nos) as compared to other varieties at 14 months after planting.

 In the year 2006-2007 in Season I at Mine-I, a field experiment on nutrient management for higher productivity of maize var. Co 1was conducted. Application of NPK at 150 % of the RDF combined with 3.125 tonnes each of FYM, PM, vermicompost, sheep and goat manure recorded higher plant height (245 cm),cob weight (109 g), DMP (108 g/plant) and grain yield of 2790 kg/ha. In sorghum, fresh shoot weight of 294 g/plant, DMP of 120.6 g/plant, stubble dry weight of 15.4 g, root dry weight of 24.5 g, root length of 21.7 cm and ear-head length of 25.9 cm were recorded (Fig.18).

 Red gram var.VBN 1 recorded maximum plant height of 72.5 cm, number of seeds/pod of 4.0, number of pods/plant of 45.0, fresh shoot weight of 102.5 g/plant and DMP of 26.3 g/plant at harvest. At harvest stage cowpea var. Co 2 recorded maximum plant height of 55.6 cm, number of pods/plant of 24.6, pod yield of 35.0 g/plant and grain yield of 21.5 g/plant (Fig.19).

 In season II, 2006-2007, in maize at the harvest stage plant height of 174 cm, cob length of 17.9 cm, number of kernel rows/cob of 11.6, 100 kernel weight of 27 g, number of grains/cob of 241, wet fodder yield/plant of 214 g, root length of 19.0 cm and number of roots/plant of 53 were recorded. Plant height of 31.0 cm, number of matured pods of 14/plant, immature pods/plant of 13,total number of pods/plant of 27, pod length of 4.0 cm/pod, mature pod weight of 4g/plant, total root fresh weight of 33 g/plant, DMP of 13 g/plant and root length of 14.7 cm were recorded in black gram.

 In green gram, at harvest stage, the growth characters like plant height (7 cm), number of leaves/plant (8.0), total fresh weight (67g/plant) and the yield components like number of matured pods/plant (7), number of immature pods/plant (7), pod length (6.0 cm), number of seeds/pod (10) and grain yield/plant (4.0 g) were recorded (Fig.20).

 In season III (2006-2007), in the study to assess the growth performance of rice in the mine-spoils, growth characters such as plant height (73.5 cm), number of leaves/tiller (4.0), number of tillers/clump (10), number of leaves/clump (211), total fresh weight (486 g/plant), length of panicle (15.6 cm) and root length (23 cm) were recorded at 60 DAT (Fig.21).

 In horse gram, at maturity stage, the number of branches (9.0/plant), total fresh weight (43g/plant), number of seeds/plant (66), seed weight (2.5 g/plant) and 100 seed weight (3.0g) were recorded.

 In the year 2006-2007 during Season I, in Mine-I, maize hybrid CoH- 4 recorded better yield components of cob length (18.0 cm),cob wet weight (105.6 g), number of seeds (401/cob) and grain yield (2358 kg/ha) at harvest (Fig.22).

 In sorghum Co 28, the data on growth characters viz., plant height (232.2 cm), root length (25.8 cm), DMP (143.4 g/plant) and yield components like ear-head length (14.6 cm), wet ear-head weight (67.2 g) and yield (4448 kg/ha) were recorded at harvest stage (Fig.23).

 The cow pea variety Co 2 produced a green biomass yield of 183 g/plant, DMP of 62 g/plant, 28 pods/plant, 18 seeds per pod, pod yield of 42.5 g/ plant and grain yield of 1498 kg/ha at harvest (Fig.24).

 The growth performance of red gram variety VBN 1 in the mine-spoils as reflected in the growth characters such as plant height (121.5 cm), number of branches/plant (20.0), green biomass (385 g/plant), yield components like number of pods/plant (204), number of seeds/pod (4.0) and grain yield (1171 kg/ha) were recorded (Fig.25).

 In the year 2006-2007 during Season II in Mine-I, the maize hybrid CoH 4 recorded yield attributes of cob length of 32.3 cm, cob breadth of 15.6 cm, cob weight of 173 g, number of rows/cob of 12, grain dry yield/cob of 54 g, number of grains/cob of 283 and 100 grain weight of 16 g, Grain yield of 2424 kg/ha was recorded.

 The black gram variety T 9 performed well during this season. The variety produced a total grain yield of 958 kg/ha under optimum plant population of 33 plants/m3.

 In green gram, the data on plant height (58.2 and 43.5 cm), root length (18 and 13 cm), total fresh weight (110 and 40 g), DMP (27 and 9 g/plant), number of matured pods/plant (26 and 12), matured pod weight (10 and 4g), pod length (6 and 6 cm), seed weight (3 and 3g) and shell weight (5 and 2 g) were recorded in optimum population of 33 plants/m3 and high density plant population of 50 plants/m3 respectively (Fig.26).

 In the year 2006-2007 during Season II in Mine-I, rice variety ADT 36 (white ponni) was grown and at harvest stage data on plant height (79.5 cm), number of tillers/clump (24), productive tiller/clump (15), length of panicle (17.8 cm), number of leaves/clump (120), fresh weight without root (182 g/plant), root weight (68 g/plant), root length (25.4 cm), DMP (42 g/plant), 100 grain weight (15.8 g), grain yield/plant (17 g), straw yield (25.4 g/plant) and grain yield (3912 kg/ha) were recorded (Fig.27).

 In Mine-I, sorghum crop, cultivated with 200 percent RDF produced maximum plant height of 254 cm, ear-head weight of 232g, grain yield of 895 kg/ha and fodder yield of 4568 kg/ha. In maize also application of 200 % RDF produced highest cob weight of 163 g, grain yield of 163 kg/ha and fodder yield of 5520 kg/ha. In red gram, application of 200 % RDF markedly increased the number of pods/plant to 59 and grain yield to 2000 kg/ha (Fig.28).

 Effects of organic manures and inorganic fertilizers with animal washings on the fodder yield of CNH grass variety Co 3 were studied and the treatment with sheep and goat manure @ 25 t/ha and 100 % RDF/ha produced maximum plant height of 171.6 cm and fodder yield of 6.5 kg/clump (Fig.29).

 The results of the study to evaluate the effects of organic manures and foliar application of nutrients on the growth characters of CNH grass Co 3 showed that application of FYM @12.5 t/ha and 1 % urea at 30 and 45 DAP recorded the highest forage yield of 48, 34 and 40 t/ha at 110 DAC, Ist ratoon (155 DAC) and IInd ratoon (190 DAC) respectively.

 Field experiment was conducted at NS 10 dumping area (Mine-I) and T 7 back-filled area (Mine-I), to study the effect of organics and inorganics on tiller number and forage yield of Cenchrus variety Co 1. The treatment with 150 % RDF NPK and FYM 12.5 t/ha produced maximum total fodder yield of 3.1 kg/clump in Mine-I and 3.4 kg/clump in Mine-I respectively (Fig.30).

 About 13 species of medicinal plants are maintained in the medicinal park area. The plants are being maintained with the recommended cultural practices like hoeing, weeding, irrigation, basin formation and application of organic and inorganic fertilizers like FYM, sheep and goat manure and vermicompost. Urea and super phosphate were applied as per the recommendations for the crops (Fig.31&32).

 Data on number of pods of 50.0, number of branches/plant of 5.0, single pod weight of 0.4 g, total dried leaf yield/ha of 156 kg and total dried pods/ha of 230 kg were recorded in Senna at 150 DAP. Data on plant height (81.0 cm), number of branches/plant (7.0) and number of flowers/plant (40.0) were recorded at 240 DAP in Periwinkle. In Aloe vera, number of leaves/plant

(14), plant yield (21.5 t/ha), gel weight/leaf (19.4 g), gel weight/plant (165.3 g), dry gel weight/leaf (11.2 g) and dry gel weight/plant (91 g) were recorded.

 Application of 200 % RDF obviously increased the yield parameters like number of pods/plant to 49 and grain yield to 266 kg/ha of cowpea.

 An experiment to study the influence of seed treatments on plant growth, seed yield and seed quality characters in red gram, cluster bean, maize and sorghum was conducted in the

project area of Mine-I. The crop seeds were hardened with 100 ppm ZnSO4 for 3 hours and film- coated with 2 g carbendazim + 1 ml imidachloprid + 30 g DAP + 20 g micronutrient mixture + 3 g black polykote + 30 g Rhizobium.

This treatment recorded maximum 100 seed weight of 8.8 g, stalk weight of 7300 kg/ha and seed weight of 1907 kg/ha in red gram and maximum100 seed weight of 3.4 g, stalk weight of 5295 kg/ha and seed weight of 1045 kg/ha in cluster bean. Maximum100 seed weight of 16.33 g, stalk weight of 6105kg/ha and seed weight of 188 kg/ha in maize and maximum 100 seed weight of 3.3 g, stalk weight of 9600 kg/ha and seed weight of the 1993 kg/ha in sorghum were recorded.

Vegetable crops in the mine-soil back-filled areas of the NLC, Neyveli

 Among the vegetable crops, ladies finger under the treatment of mine-spoil + red earth + sand + FYM in 1:1:1:1 ratio produced maximum number of fruits/plant (9), mean fruit length (17.0 cm) and mean fruit circumference (4.20 cm). Field beans in treatment MS + RE + S + FYM produced maximum mean germination percentage (100), mean number of fruits per plant (37) and total fruit yield (258 g/plant). Vegetable crop, cluster bean in the treatment of RE + S + FYM produced maximum mean fruit length (11.2 cm), mean number of fruits per plant (33), mean single fruit weight (2.8 g) and mean fruit yield per plant (83 g). Tomato in treatment RE + S + FYM produced maximum mean number of fruits per plant (13), mean single fruit weight (36 g) and mean fruit yield per plant (456 g) (Fig.33).

 Radish, Brinjal, chillies, snake gourd, bottle gourd and garden lab lab also, cultivated in dumping area, grow well with good physiological attributes and yields recorded were normal (Fig.34 to 38).

 In Mine-I (first spell), during 2006-2007, in the field experiment, growth and yield performance of brinjal were assessed. Treatment with 150% RDF in the form of urea, SSP and MOP/ha recorded fruit weight of 35 g/fruit, number of fruits/plant of 3and yield/ha of 62.5 kg. In the second spell, the number of fruits/plant was 15, fruit weight was 28.3 g, and yield was 481kg/ha (Fig.39).

 Study to evaluate the effect of spacing and foliar nutrition on the growth and yield of brinjal was conducted at Mine-I, by using variety Gnanamedu selection. Treatment with spacing of 60 x 60 cm and foliar application of triacontanol (2 ppm) and sodium borate (3.5 ppm) on 30 DAP, produced maximum plant height (65.3 cm), number of fruits/plant (19) and fruit yield/plant (2.56 kg).

 Investigation was carried out to study the effect of spacing and foliar spray with humic acid on the growth and yield of ladies finger, cultivar Tulsi in Mine-IA. The results revealed that the treatment with spacing of 45 x 30 cm + 0.3 per cent humic acid spray produced the maximum plant height of 66 cm, number of pods/plant of 13 and yield/ha of 795 kg (Fig.40).

 In garden lablab, the cultivar Co (Gb 14) grown in Mine-I spoil recorded more number of pods/plant of 19, pod length of 10.8 cm, pod width of 2.6 cm, number of seeds /pod of 5, pod weight of 5.02 g and pod yield of 695 kg/ha at 120 DAS.

Fruit trees and medicinal plants in the mine-soil back-filled areas of the NLC, Neyveli

 Cultivation of fruit crops like Mango, Sapota, Amla, Papaya, banana, Pomegranate, Ber, Lime, Jamun, Indian goose berry and Wood apple and medicinal plants like Senna, Periwinkle, Adathoda, Aduthinnapalai, Aloe vera, Aralli, Arathai, Coccinia etc recorded good performance in mine-I and Mine-IA medicinal park area (Fig.41 to 45).

Plantation tree crops in the mine-soil back-filled areas of the NLC, Neyveli

The Plantation crops like Tamarind, Cashew and Other multipurpose tree species viz., Vagai, Simaruba, Sissoo, Pungam, bamboo Naval /Jamun etc., are also growing well in mine-I and II mine spoils (Fig.47 to 54).

Microbial diversity in the restored mine-spoils by the TNAU, Coimbatore

 Mine-spoils generated from the open-cast mining of lignite is more problematic for the reasons of its fragile nature, resemblance with volcanic ash and poor porosity and higher percentage of silt and sand. They lack essential plant nutrients and microorganisms. The vegetation of mine-spoils is often hindered by the lack of resident micro-floras which act as both source and sink for essential plant nutrients and play fundamental roles in transformation of various nutrients into available forms. The evolution of stable and productive mine-spoils requires an active microbial population for the effective energy flow and nutrient cycling besides improving the physical and chemical properties of the mine- spoils. The fertility and productivity of the soil can be improved by enhancing the natural soil processes through biological means.

Therefore, monitoring the status of biological activity may provide useful information in assessing the sustainability of an agricultural system. To achieve the broad objective of using the microbial systems for improving the mine-spoils to sustain crop production, the following activities were carried out.

 Higher bacterial population of 35.34x101 CFU/g of oven-dry soil at 10-1 dilution was observed in mine-I soil as compared to mine- II soil where the bacterial population was only 23.56 x101 CFU/g of oven-dry soil. However, the bacterial populations of mine-spoils were found to be very low compared to normal soil which had 68.40 x101 CFU/g of oven-dry soil. Similar trend was observed with regard to fungal and actinomycetes populations at the same dilution.

 The results revealed that the treatment, standard mixture + native biofertilizer + recommended biofertilizer recorded higher yield and microbial load in all the crops at 90

DAS. The yields of sorghum, cowpea, groundnut, tomato and marigold were 25.26 g, 52.85 g, 548.27 g, and 179.62 g respectively.

 Higher microbial population was observed in Dhaincha-incorporated field (Bacteria - 18.0x105, Fungi - 21.5x104, Actinomycetes- 5.2x104 and Rhizobium- 5.0x105 CFU/g oven dry soil) than in the sunhemp-incorporated field.

 In Mine-I, the study was conducted in the test crops viz., soybean, black gram, maize and Cenchrus in which microbial loads at various stages were observed to show the impact of different restoration techniques on microbial diversity. Among the three crops studied at the flowering stage, higher population was observed in soybean (bacteria -18.31 x 105 fungi -20.01 x103 and actinomycetes -19.01 x 103 and Rhizobium - 67.01 x 104 CFU/g) of oven dry soil), followed by Cenchrus and maize crops.

 In Mine-IA, soil samples were collected from maize field (B1) at the flowering stage for assessing the microbial population. The results were as follows bacteria – 1.72 x 106, fungi- 2.5 x104 and actinomycetes- 1.9 x 104 CFU/g of oven dry soil. Rhizosphere soils were collected from the soybean plant in Mine I at the flowering stage from the sugarcane and soybean- intercropped field. The microbial populations were as follows: (Bacteria -1.44 x106, fungi- 1.8 x104 and actinomycetes -1.5 x 104 CFU/g of oven dry soil).

 Soil samples collected from the sugarcane field A1 of mine-I were analysed to assess the

microbial load at the grand growth stage. Similarly, soil samples collected from the fields A3

and A4 cropped with Dhaincha and analysed to assess the initial status.

The population of bacteria, fungi and phosphobacteria in sugarcane field were 4.8x104, 3 4 4x10 and 3.5x10 , CFU/g of oven dry soil respectively. Similarly, in A3 field, the populations were 7.2x105, 2x104 and 7.5x104 CFU/g of oven dry soil respectively.

 Higher microbial loads were observed in the soils collected from the field bean and cluster bean fields followed by the red gram and cowpea-cultivated fields. The populations of bacteria, fungi, phosphobacteria and Rhizobium in field bean soil was 5.2x106, 2.3x105, 5x103 and 8x104 CFU/g of oven dry soil, respectively, whereas the populations of bacteria ,

fungi, phosphobacteria and Rhizobium in red gram field soil were 1.9x106 , 1.36x105, 2.7x103 and 2.7x104 CFU/g of oven dry soil, respectively.

 In bottom ash + fly ash in 1:4 ratio treatment higher microbial populations of bacteria 14.8x105 CFU/g of oven dry soil, fungi 1.5x103 CFU/g of oven dry soil and actinomycetes 8.0x103 CFU /g of oven dry soil followed by fly ash + bottom ash were recorded in 1:3 ratio and fly ash : bottom ash in 1:2 ratio treatments.

 The treatment receiving vermicompost alone recorded higher microbial populations like bacteria 108.29x104, fungi 15.84x103 and actinomycetes 9.29x107 CFU /g of oven dry soil followed by the mine-spoil + vermicompost treatment with bacteria of 35.64x104, fungi of 11.29x103 and actinomycetes of 6.12x107 CFU /g of oven dry soil.

 The results showed that in mine-spoil-II, Rhizobium- treated black gram showed good growth on 30 DAS at 5 leaf stage, especially in the treatment where native and recommended biofertilizer were used together, followed by mine-spoil-I which performed almost equally better. Maximum plant height of 19.3cm, root length of 13.2cm and nodule number of 22were recorded. Similarly maximum loads of bacteria of 128.29x104 CFU/g of oven dry soil, actinomycetes of 19.76x103 CFU/g of oven dry soil) fungi of 42.13x103 CFU/g of oven dry soil and Rhizobium of 95.01x105 CFU/g of oven dry soil were recorded.

 Azospirillum- treated rice crop showed increased plant height and root length as compared to phosphobacteria-treated plants. In all the treatments compared inoculation with recommended biofertilizers showed better results followed by uninoculated control. However the crop performed well in the normal soil followed by mine-spoil-I and then mine-spoil-II.

Maximum plant height of 21.2 cm and 16.1cm, root length of 9.9 cm and 9.5cm and maximum loads of bacteria of 102.27 and 115.90x104 CFU/g of oven dry soil, fungi of 28.02 and 36.73x 103 CFU/g of oven dry soil and actinomycetes of 21.20 and 20.06 x 103 CFU/g of oven dry soil were observed in Azospirillum and phosphobacteria treated plants respectively.

 Bacillus subtilis culture along with the poultry manure was found to be the best combination in almost all cases. Mine I spoils showed increased aggregate stability under

various treatments imposed than that of mine I, especially in fields B3 and B4.

 The effects of application of elite Azospirillum and Bacillus subtilis on the quality of soil from Mine I as reflected in the contents of macro and micronutrients and on soil microbial dynamics were studied and tabulated. From the results, it was inferred that Bacillus subtilis culture was found to be better among the two organisms tested in Mine I soils.

Mushroom cultivation

Mushroom cultivation is an important segment. It can be very profitable in areas where agricultural residues are abundantly available. It entails recycling and profitable use of versatile agro-wastes, animal wastes, farm wastes etc., with concomitant value additions. Availability of low-cost technology, short gestation period for cropping, possibility of intensive indoor production with scope for vertical proliferation, lesser labour deployment etc., make mushroom cultivation a profitable agro-business. Hence mushroom cultivation was integrated with cropping components.

Hence, considering the feasibility of the above enterprise, this region has a vast potential to integrate these components with cropping system so that the by-products will effectively be recycled resulting in sustainable soil health, protected environment and increased productivity with less use of purchased inputs and more and more of farm grown produces.

Outcome of the research projects

Studies on the biological reclamation of mine-spoil and monitoring crops’ productivity at the Mines by NLC &CARD (1999-2004)

 Field trials were carried out in 2 acres of mine-spoil in afforestation area of Mine-I , where biofertilizers like Rhizobium, Azospirillium and phosphobacteria were experimented with crops like green manure, maize and finger millet and the requirements of biofertilizers and other inputs were optimized.

 Application of biofertilizers increased the soil fertility and crop productivity by 15 – 40 % on using the dosage of 8 kg/ha each of the four bacterial strains viz., Rhizobium, Azospirillum, Azotobacter and Phosphobacteria.

 Total microbial activity to the tune of 0.6 - 1.1 million / g of soil was achieved due to application of organic amendments and biofertilizers in mine I areas.

 It was proposed to adopt the recommendations of the projects in the future reclamation programmes viz., Integrated Farming System, Slope Stabilization, etc.

 Cost reduction of about 60 % was achieved on inputs without topsoil and chemical fertilizers by organic farming.

 Achieved higher biomass of green manure of about 13-18 t/ha and higher yield in maize was harvested within a year after biological recommendation.

Soil enrichment and reclamation of back-filled areas of Neyveli by the NLC and Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Chidambaram (1992-1997)

 Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Chidambaram in collaboration with the Centre for Applied Research & Development (CARD), Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd., carried out a research project in which screening of crops with high nutrient-use-efficiency, biomass production capacity and carbon-use-efficiency was done for the rehabilitation of the mine- spoils. Further, various organic and inorganic ameliorants and biofertilizers were tried with an objective of exploring the possibilities of growing economically viable crops in the mine- spoils. Outcome of the project indicated the feasibility of effective revegetation of mine- spoils with field and horticultural crops.

 In the studies on the effects of organic and inorganic amendments in the mine-spoil cropped with rice, the results showed that the highest rice yield of 5.44 t/ha was recorded with bio-digested slurry (BDS) + ZnSO4followed by farmyard manure (FYM) +ZnSO4 treatment recording an yield of 5.1 t/ha. Among the inorganic amendments, ZnSO4 was very effective. The effect of lignite fly-ash was similar to that of gypsum. Among the three sources of organic manures, bio-digested slurry was superior to the rest.

 In the studies on the effects of organic manures, inorganic fertilizers and biofertilizers on sugarcane, the results showed that the highest cane yield of 84.6 t/ha was recorded in FYM + ZnSO4 + LFA + Humic acid (HA) application, followed by the yield of 77.5 t/ha in the treatment with PM + ZnSO4 + LFA + HA application and an yield of 69.0 t/ha with the application of PM + ZnSO4 + LFA. The cane yield in the treatment with the application of FYM + ZnSO4 + LFA was 59.0 t/ha.

 In respect of N levels and biofertilizers, highest cane yield was recorded in 150 % N + Acetobacter treatment (85.1 t/ha), followed by the yield of 80.9 t/ha in the treatment with 125 % N + Azospirillum. Lowest yield of 55.8 t/ha was recorded in 125% N + Acetobacter treatment.

 In the studies on maize-based inter-cropping in mine-spoil, the results showed that among the main treatments, highest grain yield was recorded in sole crop of maize (2680 kg/ha) due to the integrated effects of favourable yield components followed by the yields in the maize + cowpea intercropping system (maize grain yield of 1817 kg/ha and cowpea yield of 600 kg/ha. Within the sub-treatments, application of FYM + ZnSO4 + VAM recorded maize grain yield of 2473 kg/ha. Lowest maize grain yield of 1140 kg/ha was recorded in VAM alone applied treatment.

 The results of the studies on the effects of organic and inorganic amendments on the physical and chemical properties of the post-harvest mine-spoil at the end of the fourth year of cropping showed reduction of bulk density from 1.62 (pre planting spoil) to 1.17, increase in hydraulic conductivity of mine-spoil from 0.1 to 0.5 cm/sec and no distinct change in pH and EC of the cropped spoil. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) of spoil increased from 9.9-11.0 cmol p+ kg-1 (preplanting spoil) to 9.3-20.9 cmol p+ kg-1. Noteworthy observation was that organic carbon of the initial spoil which ranged from 0.02 to 0.03 increased by two to three folds (0.05-0.06) after final cropping. Available nitrogen in preplanting spoil (81 kg/ha) increased to 102-269 kg/ha. Similarly, available phosphorus in pre planting spoil (3.1 kg/ha) increased to 4.5-19.5 kg/ha depending upon the kind and amount of amendments applied and crops grown. In respect of available potassium it increased from 79 kg/ha to 92-276 kg/ha under the different treatments and crops grown.

 The biofertilizers offer wide opportunities to reclaim the eroded soils through various biological activities like nitrogen fixation, phosphate mobilization, nutrient release, improvement of soil health and build-up of soil fertility. The mine-spoils usually do not contain any diastrophic bacteria. The microbial population recorded in the mine-spoil was several thousand times lesser than that of normal soil.

 In the studies on enrichment of mine-spoil by establishing biological species microbial inoculants viz., Azolla, Blue green algae, and stem nodulating Sesbania rostrata and root nodulating green manure legumes viz., Sesbania aculeata, Sesbania speciosa and Crotolaria juncea were used to increase the organic matter content, microbial population, microbial activity and nutrient status of the mine-spoil.

 In the studies on the effects of Azolla on the growth and yield of rice varieties in amended mine-spoils Azolla production and in situ incorporation into the mine spoil before transplanting of rice, increased the nutrient contents, rhizosphere microbial populations and growth parameters and yield components of the rice varieties.

 Treatment with pressmud + Azolla + 100: 50: 50 kg of NPK ha-1 resulted in rice grain yield of 1580 kg ha-1, which was 204 % greater than in control. The rhizosphere microbial populations of 35.0 x 103 for fungi, 108 x 105 for bacteria and 12.4 x 104 for actinomycetes per gram of oven dry soil, i.e., an increase of 192, 186 and 106 per cent respectively over control were observed.

 In the studies on the effects of individual and dually grown Sesbania rostrata and Azolla microphylla on their biomass production on 60 DAS recorded the highest biomass (Sesbania – 42.9 t ha-1, Azolla – 12.5 t ha-1), dry matter production (Sesbania 5.1 t ha-1 and Azolla 0.69 t ha-1) and nodule number (stem nodules – 79 and root nodules – 19) Leghaemoglobin content (stem nodule – 1.95 mg g-1 and root nodule 1.20 mg g-1) followed by individually grown Sesbania rostrata and Azolla microphylla.

 The treatments with the inoculation of Azospirillum biofertilizer along with the application of pressmud @12.5 t/ha and N:P:K @100:50:50 Kg/ha recorded maximum yield of 2730 kg/ha in IR 36 rice in amended mine-spoil.

 A field trial was carried out in the mine-spoil area to study the effects of inoculation of Acetobacter diazotrophicus and Azospirillum brasilense on the growth and yield of sugarcane variety CoC 92061 in amended mine-spoil. Maximum cane yield of 82 t/ha was

recorded in the treatment which received FYM + ZnSo4 + LFA + Humic acid + 150 % recommended dose of Nitrogen + Acetobacter inoculation.

 In the studies on the effects on the biofertilizer application on the establishment and growth of tree species in amended mine-spoils, the biofertilizers viz., Bradyrhizobium sp. which nodulate in Albizzia lebbeck, Rhizobium sp. which nodulate in Leucaena leucocephala, Frankia which nodulate in Casuarina equisetifolia and Azospirillum which benefit Eucalyptus citridora were employed for the respective tree species to improve seed germination and seedling growth in mine-spoils at two different levels of FYM viz., 12.5 t/ha and 25.0 t/ha

 Among the various amendments and technologies tried, application of 25 t/ha of FYM + 12.5 t/ha of press-mud + 5 t/ha of coir pith + 30 kg/ha of humic acid + biofertilizers along with the recommended doses/ha of inorganic fertilizers was found to be favourable for the growth of the tolerant vegetable and flower crops on par with the normal soil. With regard to green leafy vegetables and medicinal plants, the recommendations would be 12.5 t of FYM, 12.5 t press- mud, 5 t coirpith and 30 kg humic acid in addition to normal doses of inorganic fertilizers/ha. For the cultivation of fruit crops, a technique called ‘Soil Hybridization’, or ‘Top soil mixing’, where the rhizosphere spoil of 1 m3 area is being enriched with the mixture of FYM, sand, red earth and mine spoil in 1:1:1:1 proportion, supplemented with biofertilizers and inorganic fertilizers, was found to be very effective.

 Confirmative trials were carried out on screened crops viz., rice, sugarcane, maize and finger millet. In the case of rice yield, increase of about 15 – 25 % over control was achieved with the following recommendation of organic manures and fertilizers for paddy crop: coir pith 20 t/ha, press mud 40 t/ha, lignite fly-ash 5 t/ha, nitrogen 200 kg/ha, phosphorus 100 kg/ha, potassium

100 kg/ha, ZnSO4 25 kg /ha. The best findings are implemented in Mine-spoil area at M-II afforestation area. In Mine-I, this was successfully adopted in 5 acres with many crops.

Utilization of fly ash in agriculture by CARD, NLC and CFRI, Dhanbad (1996-2000)

 Field experiments were conducted in mine-spoil dump at Mine-I and CARD sites of the NLC with different doses at 5,10,20,50,100 and 200 t/ha of fly ash on one-time and repeat application basis, with and the without 10 t/ha of press mud as a source of organic manure for rice crop following rotation of rice-green gram-rice in the mine-I site mine-spoil and ground nut-maize rotation at CARD site in lateritic soil during the period 1996-99. The crops

were grown with the recommended doses of fertilizer, gypsum, humic acid and biofertilizer as supplementing sources in all the treatments. The results of such investigations clearly suggested that LFA is indeed a general fertility boosting resource material for reclaiming the mine-spoils and gradually making them fertile and suitable for agriculture and also for improving the fertility status of lateritic soil on sustainable basis in eco-friendly manner.

 The results clearly showed the progressive improvement in the fertility status of the otherwise infertile mining refuse, obviously due to fly ash addition and other supplements, in the succeeding years. The yields of the rice crops increased significantly (10-25 %) due to addition of 20 t /ha of LFA over control without fly ash, with accompanying better residual effects on the subsequent crops also. Further, increases in crop yields were observed when LFA was used along with the press-mud for amendment. At doses above 20 t/ha of LFA, the yields of the crops decreased sharply, dropping down to less than even control, probably because of the major textural changes in the mine-spoil due to LFA addition and formation of the hard pan, which, in absence of proper aeration would have completely affected the growth of the crops. Nonetheless, whatever little growth of plants took place, no toxicity symptoms whatsoever during their growth period due to heavy metals present in LFA was observed, which fact was also substantiated by the results of analysis of crop produces of grain and straw in respect of heavy metals and radio activity. Notwithstanding this, during the cultivation of succeeding crops, beneficial effects of fly ash at higher doses i.e. above 20 t/ha, were again observed in respect of their growth and yield without any significant carry- over of heavy metals and radioactivity from the LFA, which were on par with or slightly higher than in the control.

 At mine- I site totally 8 crops of rice – green manure - rice in rotation were grown and found that 20 t/ha of fly-ash was beneficial and increased the yield by 20 - 40% over control. It also increased the status of soil micronutrients. The heavy metals in soil and uptake in grain and straw were found to be negligibly higher compared to control.

Production of biofertilizer using lignite as a carrier material by CARD, NLC (1993-1997)

The beneficial effects of biofertilizers on mine spoil were demonstrated in 2 sites of (about 2 acres each) at M-I and M-II. Application of biofertilizer increased the soil fertility, crop

productivity by 15-40 % on using the dosage of 8 kg / ha each of four bacterial strains viz., Rhizobium, Azospirillum, Azotobacter and Phosphobacteria. The total microbial activity was achieved to the tune of 0.6 - 1.1 million/g of soil. During the project period, 20 tonnes of biofertilizers were produced and used in the mine-spoil and other areas of Neyveli.

Biological methods of employing VAM fungi by CARD, NLC and University of Madras, Chennai (1995-1999).

Developed efficient VAM fungi were tested on 20 different fruit and forest trees in 5 acres of mine-spoil. It was observed that VAM application was highly beneficial for the growth of the trees under adverse soil conditions. It protected the plants from environmental stress by preserving soil moisture, enhancing availability of nutrients and alleviating the ill-effects of heavy metals and other pollutants. In the experiment, all the treated plants showed appreciable increase in growth and it varied from 10-45 %. The heavy metal uptake in fruit was not at harmful level.

10. Reclamation of NLC Mine-spoil area in to productive agricultural lands by the NLC and the Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore (2004-2008).

Management for Soil Crusting

 Soil surface cover with mulches, plant residues etc., would prevents clay dispersion and breakdown of structure of surface soil, reduce crust formation and maintain high infiltration rate.

 Close growing crops like grasses and legumes that cover the soil to a large extent also will prevent crust formation

 Crusting tendency of soil can be reduced by using FYM and amendments like gypsum, which in turn would enhance the seedling emergence.

 Crop rotation and residue management that with increase the soil organic matter content and help in formation of low strength crust.

 Keeping the soil moist by irrigation will also help in reducing the crust formation.

Crops and Management Technologies

 Seed hardening and pelleting technology for better survival, establishment, growth and productivity of agricultural crops like maize, sorghum, redgram, cowpea and blackgram, horticultural crops of vegetables like ladies finger, brinjal and reddish flower crops like marigold and tree crops of Albizia, Pongamia, Terminalia, Dalbergia and neem were developed for practice for adoption in rehabilitating of the mine spoiled back-filled areas

 For the success of the crop husbandry, particularly in the mine-spoil from the biological point of view, proper choice of crops and varieties is a pre-requisite. Crops that would add large quantity of easily decomposable residues or biomass which in turn would benefit the succeeding crops must the chosen. Among the different crops tested for their suitability in the mine-spoil. based growth medium, sugarcane, sorghum, maize, pearl millet, green gram, cowpea, bengal gram, agathi, marigold, fodder sorghum, fodder cow pea, CHN grass, water grass, kolukattai grass, dhaincha and sunhemp were found to be better in terms of growth, biomass production potential, economic yield and soil improvement.

 Among the different mine-spoil enriching amendments studied, the standard mixture including mine-spoil + red earth + sand + FYM @ 1:2:1:1 ratio was found to improve the growth and yield attributes of most of the crops studied.

 In the year 2006-2007 during Season II in Mine I, rice variety ADT 36 (white ponni) was grown and at harvest stage data on plant height (79.5 cm), number of tillers/clump (24), productive tiller/clump (15), length of panicle (17.8 cm), number of leaves/clump (120), fresh weight without root (182 g/plant), root weight (68 g/plant), root length (25.4 cm), DMP (42 g/plant), 100 grain weight (15.8 g), grain yield/plant (17 g), straw yield (25.4 g/plant) and yield (3912 kg/ha) were recorded.

 For the cultivation of Cumbu Napier Hybrid grass, planting of triple-budded setts was found better to obtain higher fodder yield. the effects of organic manures and foliar application of nutrients on the growth characters of CNH grass Co 3 showed that application of FYM @12.5 t/ha and 1 % urea at 30 and 45 DAP recorded the highest forage yield of 48, 34 and 40 t/ha at 110 DAC, Ist ratoon (155 DAC) and IInd ratoon (190 DAC) respectively.

 The biomass production of hedge lucerne and stem nodulating green manure crop of Sesbania rostrata were good and found to be highly suitable for fodder production and improving the soil fertility respectively, in mine soils.

 The available N status has been considerably improved to 49.0-50.4 kg/ha from the initial status of 3.0 kg/ha due to cultivation and incorporation of green manure crops.

 The field study on the effects of different lignite by products on the growth and biomass yield of dhaincha showed that application of bottom ash @ 10t/ha combined with fly ash @ 40t/ha as basal recorded higher plant height, root length and green biomass yield of 13.75 t/ha.

 In Mine-I, the sugarcane variety Co 86032 was cultivated and observations were recorded on the yield components and yield of cane. Data on mill able cane height (168.28), number of mill able canes (8 clump), number of internodes (19), cane girth (8.5 cm), individual cane weight (0.935 kg) and yield (156 t/ha) were recorded

 Irrigating green manure crops with rain-gun under mine-spoil condition will be advantageous for uniform crop growth and for reducing the soil sinking and soil runoff.

 In sugarcane cultivation, dhaincha grown as intercrop was found to be more advantageous for improving the soil fertility, reducing the weed competition besides improving the growth, yield components and cane yield

 Under irrigated situation in mine spoils, application of NPK at 150 % RDF combined with 3.125 tonnes in each of FYM, PM, vermicompost, sheep and goat manure recorded higher yields than the application of recommended doses of 100% NPK (135:62.5:50) and FYM (12.5t/ha) in maize.

 The desirable characteristics of CNH grasses are perennial nature, rhizomiferous, deep rooted, good canopy and well-developed root system. Soil erosion and destabilization of bunds could be controlled when agronomic measures are used in combination with mechanical and agrostological measures.

 Among the different vegetable crops-based crop sequences studied, the maximum gross and net returns per annum were achieved in ladies finger-lab lab cropping system followed by brinjal-cluster bean copping system.

 Of the medicinal plants tried, Aloe vera performed well in terms of growth and yield of biomass. Suitability throughout the year, easy establishment of suckers, less incidence of pest and disease, better marketing remunerative prices and value added products are the other added advantages of this crop particularly in mine-spoil ecosystem.

 Application of rice straw @ 20t ha-1improved early germination of dhaincha. Highest microbial population was observed in dhaincha-incorporated field compared to the field with sun hemp.

 Application of flyash @ 25 t ha-1 + bottom ash @ 25 t ha-1 recorded normal bulk density, particle density and pore space-content for better growth and yield of maize and subsequent crops.

 Addition of FYM @ 12.5 t ha-1along with vermicompost @ 12.5 t ha-1 improved the physical, physio-chemical and chemical properties of the soil under black gram cultivation.

 Incorporation of green manure, rice straw/ maize straw /pearl millet straw and sorghum straw @ 20 t ha-1 along in mine-spoil recorded moderate (optimum) infiltration rate being comparable with paddy straw applied @ 20 t ha-1 in red soil.

 The test on the impact of establishment of microflora on soil aggregate stability revealed that Bacillus subtilis culture along with poultry manure was found to be the best combination. Mine I soils showed increased aggregate stability and crumb formation.

 Studies in field crops revealed that the crop species, sorghum (CO 28) and maize (CoH 4) were found to establish, grow and yield better compared to other crops studied.

Conclusion: NLC’s passion for maintaining ecological balance is well known. NLC has been taking various steps like, plantation of trees in and around Neyveli, continuous reclamation, afforestation, cultivation, Integrated Farming System, Slope Stabilization, Creation of artificial lakes, Rain Water Harvesting System, Artificial Recharge of aquifer etc., systematically and scientifically. Water conservation measures like re-cycling of mines storm water for domestic purposes in the Township after treatment, sewage treatment, judicious pumping of water are being followed with commitment. NLC operates open cast mines for the generation of power which is essential for the development of industrial and agricultural sector in the southern region of our country equally giving adequate and keen attention to safe guard the environment for the wellbeing of mining community and people residing in the peripheral areas. For maintaining the environment, NLC always proving adequate fund and the same is being utilized effectively to achieve the set goal. NLC is maintaining good environmental control practices and management so as to operate the mine continuously and also to develop more mines. NLC is adapting all kind of new technologies developed in the field of environment for improvement, many research projects were completed and findings are being applied in the field, also taking up new research projects for protecting the mine environment.

Annexure-III-A Query No.3: Furnish Coal Linkage of Mine-I as per original EC

Reply: 3.1: The Environmental Clearance for 3.0 MTPA of Mine-IA was obtained vide letter no. J-11015/18/98-IA II (M) dated 03.01.1999.

In the EIA-EMP Report, at page 1 – 23, the details about coal linkage is described. As per the EC, the coal Linkage of Mine-IA is given below:

Coal / lignite Linkage for 3.0 MTPA of Mine-IA

Sl.No. Downstream units Lignite requirement in MTPA

i ST-CMS Power plant at 83% PLF 1.90 MTPA

For the operation of NLC power plant at higher PLF ii 1.10 MTPA and for the best commercial advantage of NLC

Total 3.00 MTPA

3.2: As per the EC for 3.0 MTPA, the production schedule for Mine-IA is given below: As per EC the Lignite production of Mine-IA Year in MTPA

2001 - 2002 0.50 2002 - 2003 2.50 2003 - 2004 3.00 2004 - 2005 3.00 2005 - 2006 3.00 2006 - 2007 3.00 2007 - 2008 3.00 2008 - 2009 3.00 2009 - 2010 3.00 2010 - 2011 3.00 2011 - 2012 3.00 2012 - 2013 3.00 2013 - 2014 3.00 2014 - 2015 3.00 2015 - 2016 3.00 2016 - 2017 3.00 2017 - 2018 3.00 2018 - 2019 3.00 2019 - 2020 3.00 2020 - 2021 3.00 2021 - 2022 3.00 2022 - 2023 3.00 2023 - 2024 3.00 2024 - 2025 3.00 2025 - 2026 3.00 2026 - 2027 3.00 2027 - 2028 3.00 2028 - 2029 3.00 2029 - 2030 3.00 2030 - 2031 3.00 2031 - 2032 3.00 2032 - 2033 3.00 2033 - 2034 3.00 2034 - 2035 3.00 2035 - 2036 3.00 2036 - 2037 3.00 2037 - 2038 3.00 2038 - 2039 3.00 2039 - 2040 3.00 2040 - 2041 3.00 2041 - 2042 3.00 Total 120.0 MT

Annexure-IV-A

Query No.4: R&R Action plan for Mine-IA Expansion area. 1.0 Introduction Neyveli Lignite Corporation Limited (NLC) is a Navaratna Public Sector Undertaking, functioning under the administrative control of Ministry of Coal. NLC is at present operating lignite mines of 28.5 Million Tonnes per annum (Mine-I: 10.5 MTPA, Mine-IA: 3.0 MTPA and Mine-II: 15.0 MTPA) capacity linked to power stations of 2490 MW (TPS-I: 600 MW, TPS-I Expn. : 420 MW and TPS-II: 1470 MW) capacity at Neyveli. Besides, NLC is also implementing Second Thermal Power Station Expansion introducing environment friendly CFBC boilers of 2X250 MW capacity linked to Mine-II Expansion of 4.5 MTPA capacity. Govt. of India has sanctioned 2X500 MW lignite based Thermal Power Project at Neyveli. able 1: NLC Four Lignite Mines Details

NLC Four Lignite Mines of total capacity 30.6 MT Mine Lignite Production capacity per annum in MT

Mine-I (Neyveli ) 10.5 Mine-IA (Neyveli ) 3.0 Mine-II (Neyveli ) 10.5 Mine-IIExpn. (Neyveli ) 4.5 Barsingsar (Rajasthan) 2.1 Total 30.60 MT

Table 2: NLC Five Thermal Power Station Details

NLC Five Thermal Power Stations of capacity 3240 MW TPS No. & Unit size Capacity MW TPS-I (Neyveli ) 6x50MW + 3x100MW 600 TPS-II (Neyveli ) 7x210MW 1470 TPS-I Expansion (Neyveli ) 2x210 MW 420 TPS-II Expansion (Neyveli ) 2x250MW 500 (* under Trail run) Barsingsar (Rajasthan) 2x125MW 250 Total 3240 MW

Location Map:

For Expansion of Mine-IA project, NLC needs to acquire about 244 Ha of land out of the total land requirement of 382 Ha for expansion and rehabilitate 695 families. The balance land is in possession with NLC. For Resettlement and Rehabilitation of 695 familes, NLC carried out the Social Impact Assessment (SIA) study. The Report was submitted to MoE&F.

2.0 R&R Action plan

The Rehabilitation Action Plan (RAP) is a time bound plan to be implemented in a structured and participatory way. To watch the progress of implementation and ensure the process, structured Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) assumes significance. The Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) implementation is a critical activity in involuntary resettlement.

For over five decades, Neyveli Lignite Corporation Limited (NLC) has been engaged in open cast mining of Lignite in Neyveli Area, and producing electricity in the pit-head power stations and the lands for its projects are being acquired from time to time in a phased manner in contiguous stretches abutting the existing Mines/Power stations. The related Resettlement and Rehabilitation (R&R) Policy has also been evolved from experience over time and presently NLC follows the National R&R Policy, 2007 with certain enhancements.

2.0 Households details in the village to be resettled:

The field survey indicated that there are part of two affected villages under the Expansion of Mine-IA Project.

Affected Population

Villages Thenkuthu Vadakuthu Total

Households affected 553 142 695

The total numbers of households in the affected area are 695. The average number of households in the affected area are 348. The size of the average household in the affected area is 4.0. NLC is presently carrying out the implementation of the Resettlement and Rehabilitation activities as per the National Rehabilitation and Resettlement Policy (NRRP 2007). NLC will also follow any new Rehabilitation and Resettlement Policy / Act implemented by the Government in future.

R&R Budget for Mine-IA Expansion area

The budget given below is for the Resettlement and Rehabilitation assistance to be provided to the PAPs from Mine-IA Expansion area.

 The total affected families are 695 in the Mine IA expansion area.  Out of 695 households, 69% belong to General, BC and MBC category and 31% belong to SC and ST category.  Out of 695 households, 45% agriculture related, 24 % skilled, trade and industry related labour and 19% are in service.  House sites for each displaced household can be given.  Provision for cattle shed/ petty shop of Rs. 15,000/-.  Artisan/ small trader grant of Rs. 25,000 to people in such occupations.  Monthly subsistence allowance of Rs. 3000/- per month for 12 months. For SC/STs an additional one time assistance of Rs. 50,000/- per family.  Transportation allowance of Rs. 50,000/- per family.  Onetime payment of Rs. 5,00,000/- in lieu of annuity and employment.  One time resettlement allowance of Rs. 50,000/- per family.  Stamp duty and registration charges at Rs. 10,000/- per family.  Infrastructure provision is made at an estimate of Rs. 50,000/- per family.  Periphery development and CSR activities were estimated at Rs. 50,000/- per family and included.  Indexation based on the consumer price index need to be applied on this 2013-14 rates, when benefits are disbursed.

Budget for the Resettlement and Rehabilitation assistance for Mine-IA Expansion area.

Budget for the Resettlement and Rehabilitation assistance For Mine-IA Expansion S.No. Description Number Quantity Rate Amount 1 House Site of 200 Sq. mt. for each affected family 695 1 100000 69500000 2 House Construction Grant 695 1 150000 104250000 One time Rehabilitation Grant equivalent to 750 days minimum 3 agricultural wages to affected households (162x150x750) 165 1 112500 18562500 4 One time assistance to each affected Cattle shed/ Petty Shop 344 1 15000 5160000 4a additional 25% to SC/ST Households, 32% of above households 111 1 3750 416250 5 One time assistance to each affected Cattle shed/ Petty Shop 344 1 15000 5160000 5a additional 25% to SC/ST Households, 32% of above households 111 1 3750 416250 6 Artisan/ Small Trader Grant 166 1 25000 4150000 7 Monthly subsistence allowance for one year 695 12 3000 25020000 7a Additional subsistence allowance to SC/STs 111 1 50000 5550000 8 Transportation Allowance 695 1 50000 34750000 9 Onetime payment in lieu of Annuity/ Employment 695 1 500000 347500000 10 One time resettlement allowance 695 1 50000 34750000 11 Stamp duty/ Registration charges 695 1 10000 6950000 12 Infrastructure Provision 695 1 50000 34750000 13 Periphery Development 695 1 50000 34750000 14 Other CSR Activities 695 1 50000 34750000 15 External R&R Monitoring and Evaluation 1 1 10000000 10000000 16 Impact Assessment Studies 1 2 5000000 10000000 Sub-Total 786385000 17 Unforeseen Items at 10% 78638500 18 Contingencies at 20% 157277000 GRAND TOTAL 1022300500

Average R&R Benefit per Family (say) 15.00 lakhs

Mine-IA Expansion area yearwise R&R Budget and shifting plan

Year Village Families expected Expenditure per family Total to be shifted (Rs in lakhs) Rs in lakhs

2016 Thenkuthu 100 Nos. 15 1500 2017 Thenkuthu 100 Nos 15 1500

2018 Thenkuthu 100 Nos. 15 1500 2019 Thenkuthu 100 Nos 15 1500 2020 Thenkuthu 100 Nos. 15 1500 2021 Thenkuthu 53 Nos. 15 795 2030 Vadakuthu 100 Nos. 15 1500 2031 Vadakuthu 42 Nos. 15 630 TOTAL 695 nos Rs. 10425 lakhs

3.0 R&R Policy:-

NLC recognizes the fact that the acquisition of lands in populated areas, for opening up new mines or expanding the existing mines or adjacently stationing the production facilities greatly affect the lives and livelihood of the local population, in spite of the orientation of the very planning process towards minimum disturbance to the Human Environment. The intensive land requirement for NLC’s Project necessitates the acquisition of Lands under the land acquisition law through the Government of TamilNadu. Hence, NLC has been not only paying the compensation for the assets lost but also extending liberal Resettlement and Rehabilitation Benefits to the Project Affected Persons (PAPs). A brief account of the same is presented below:-

3.1 Monetary compensation for loss of assets:-

3.1.1 Land:-

Initially, during late 1950s and 1960s, the lands were acquired for establishing the Mine I, thermal power station, other industrial units and service facilities. Subsequently, from 1977 to 1989, further lands were acquired for Mine I Expansion, Mine II & TPS-II. These lands were acquired through the Government of Tamil Nadu, under the Land acquisition Act 1894. With effect from 20.09.2001, NLC has been acquiring lands under the TamilNadu Acquisition of Land for Industrial Purposes Act 1997 [TN Act 10 of 1999]. NLC has been depositing the amount of compensation for these lands into the Treasury and same are being disbursed to the lands owners, as per the awards of the Land Acquisition Officers [LAOs]. The interspersed Government Lands are being alienated to NLC by the Government of Tamil Nadu on collection of Land Value as per rules.

The acquired lands broadly fall under the following classifications: Wet, Irrigated Dry, Dry, House Site, Cashew Thope.

With effect from 20.09.2001, the law applicable for the acquisition of lands for industries in the State of TamilNadu, has been changed from Central Act 1 of 1894 to the TamilNadu Acquisition of Lands for Industrial Purposes Act 1997 (TN Act 10 of 1999). The acquisition under the new Act of Tamilnadu started in the year 2006. From this period onwards, NLC has been adopting a method of Pre-Litigation Settlement. According to this method NLC is quickly settling the compensation for the acquired lands through Lok Adalat (Peoples’ Court) at the rates negotiated publicly before the District Collector cum R&R Administrator and the Elected Representatives/Minister from the constituency. A special incentive for early vacation of homesteads in the town area is also paid along with such compensation. The rates are as below:-

1. As per tripartite settlement arrived at in March 2008:-

Classification Rate inclusive of all earlier payments

Wet lands & Irrigated Dry Lands Rs.5,00,000 per ACRE

Manavari Dry Lands Rs.4,25,000 per ACRE

House site Rs.25,000 per CENT.

2. Above rates were revised as follows with effect from 5TH October 2009, through another tripartite settlement:-

Classification Rate inclusive of all earlier payments

Wet lands & Irrigated Dry Lands Rs.6,00,000 per ACRE

Manavari Dry Lands Rs.5,00,000 per ACRE

House site for Gangaikondan Village Rs.50,000 +15,000 Spl. Incentive

(Town Panchayat) = Rs.65,000 per CENT.

House site for other villages Rs.25,000 per CENT.

3.1.2 Structures:-

The structures on the acquired lands are valued by the Public Works Department of GoTN, at relevant rates approved by PWD every year. The Project Affected Persons are also allowed to recover the building materials from their structures for their re-use at free of cost. In this regard NLC assists them by supplying labours and machineries to safely dismantle the acquired structures and also to transport the materials to the resettlement area.

3.1.3 Trees, Crops, Thopes:-

The value of trees, crops etc. are valued by the Special Revenue Officials with the help of other State Government Authorities and will be paid to the owners through awards along with the value of the lands. In case the owners opt to harvest the crops (or) to cut and remove the trees for their own use that is also permitted. In such cases no compensation on this account will be paid.

3.2 Rehabilitation and Resettlement Policy Evolution:-

In acceptance of its social responsibility, right from its inception, NLC had been offering jobs to the land affected families to the extent possible, apart from resettling them in the well- developed Resettlement Centres (details regarding all the resettlement Centres are given in Appendix I and Appendix II) and offering training opportunities for skill development and entrepreneurship. The Displaced persons are being resettled smoothly in NLC Resettlement

Centres (RCs), as per its R&R Policy provisions in force from time to time. So far about 7170 Project Affected Families have been resettled in various Resettlement Centres.

3.2.1 R&R for Initial Schemes:-

In respect of lands acquired from 1956 to 1960 for fulfilling the initial land requirement for opening up of lignite Mine and establishing the power station, industrial units, operating facilities, township and labour colonies, about 5000 families were displaced. 1608 families among them had been Resettled and Rehabilitated by the Government of Tamil Nadu and the remaining families had resettled in the places of their own choice. During this stage regular employment was also offered to the willing PAPs in various service units/construction sites and were regularized as NLC employees, in due course.

R&R for Expansion Schemes Before the Publication of National Rehabilitation and Resettlement Policy, 2007 [NRRP 2007]:-

In respect of NLC’s Land Acquisition from 1977 to mid 1989, for the first stage of expansion of Mine I, opening up of Mine II and Establishment of Thermal Power Station II, NLC had been offering Jobs to one member in the PAF apart from providing legal compensation and resettlement benefits. For this acquisition period, 1827 PAFs were given regular employment. However, regular jobs could not be offered for the subsequent expansion schemes because of non availability of vacancy and excess man power due to the closure of Chemical Units.

NLC evolved a Rehabilitation Action Plan with various R&R provisions for the benefit of the various Sections of the Project Affected Persons (PAPs) who have given lands from 1.7.1989 onwards. Under this, the R&R benefits, over and above the legal compensation for the loss of assets as in para 2.1 above, had been provided for. The details of the Policy and the provisions are given below:-

R&R POLICY PROVISIONS FOR THE LAND ACQUISITION PERIOD of 1.7.89 to 17.4.2006.

EXGRATIA PAYMENT TOWARDS STRUCTURE VALUE AT PWD RATES FOR PAFs SHIFTING FROM GOVERNMENT LAND:-

For structures on Poramboke and Tharisu lands: 50%

For structures on conditionally assigned lands: 100%

ALLOTMENT OF RESETTLEMENT PLOT:-

For PAFs shifting from Government lands : 3 cents.

For PAFs shifting from private (patta) lands:

If house site surrendered is less than 5 cents : 3 cents.

If house site surrendered is 5 cents or more : 5 cents

ADDITIONAL ALLOTMENT OVER AND ABOVE THE BASIC ALLOTMENT FOR PAFs SHIFTING FROM PRIVATE (PATTA LANDS)

For PAFs having more than one married son : 2.5 cents.

For PAFs surrendering more than two houses : 2.5 cents.

For PAFs surrendering more than 10 acres of land : 2.5 cents

RESETTLEMENT ASSISTANCE

FOR PAFs SHIFTING FROM GOVERNMENT LANDS : RS.3000/-

FOR PAFs SHIFTING FROM PRIVATE LANDS:

If structure value is upto Rs.25,000 --- Rs.3,000

If structure value is between Rs.25001 and 50000--Rs.4,000

If structure value is over Rs.50,000 --- Rs.5,000

ECONOMIC REHABILITATION

 Job in NLC for one member of awardees family under LA Quota subject to eligibility and availability of vacancies.

 ITI Apprenticeship Training

 40% of unskilled temporary jobs earmarked for PAPs- subsequently enhanced to 50%.

 Self employment / income generating schemes

 Contracts awarded to PAF societies

 Preference for pap contractors in awarding certain contract works

 Self employment schemes under the auspices of Gandhigram Rural Institute.

 Income generating schemes.

PERIPHERAL DEVELOPMENT SCHEME:

Independent annual allocation for Peripheral Development Works of capital nature and social importance, like Borewell, Overhead Tank for Drinking Water, Roads, Schools, Balwadis, Public Health Centres etc.

The above R&R Policy provisions were in force, till the Government of Tamil Nadu changed the law for the acquisition of lands for Industries in Tamil Nadu from the Central Land Acquisition Act 1894 to the Tamil Nadu Acquisition of Land for Industrial Purposes Act 1997 [The TN Act 10 of 1999]. GoTN also directed that the National R&R Policy should be followed by NLC with other orders in force. The first award under this new Act was passed by the collector on 17.04.2006.

R&R for Ongoing Schemes after the Publication of National Rehabilitation and Resettlement Policy, 2007 [NRRP 2007]:-

Apart from ensuring the payment of legal compensation for the lost assets on a consensus and no-litigation basis, NLC is also implementing the following R&R Policy provisions for its ongoing projects:-

The R&R policy provisions given below are applicable for affected families, whose lands have been acquired under the provisions of the Tamil Nadu Acquisition of Land for Industrial Purposes Act 1997 (TN Act 10/99), and also for the families affected due to acquisition of the interspersed Government lands and vacant possession of the land taken on or after 31/10/2007.

Assistances covered under NRRP2007

 Rehabilitation grant of 750 days minimum agricultural wages in lieu of employment.

 One time financial assistance of Rs.15,000/- to those who have lost cattle shed due to acquisition for reconstruction of cattle shed.

 Shifting allowance of Rs.10,000/- to the affected families owning house and whose house has been acquired.

 One time financial assistance of Rs.25,000/- to the rural artisans, small traders for construction of working shed / shop.

 Subsistence allowance of 25 days minimum agriculture wages for each month to a displaced project affected family, for a period of one year

 Allotment of alternate house site to the affected family owning house & whose house has been acquired, to the extent of 120 sq.metre to 250 sq.metre in the resettlement areas.

 NLC is arranging exclusive ITI apprenticeship training, medical lab technician courses etc. for affected families, depending on the separate norms specified by NLC for this purpose.

 NLC is giving preference to affected persons in awarding contract works in LA and R&R Department upto a value of Rs.5 lakh, subject to satisfying other prequalification conditions.

 Several contracts are awarded to the PAP contractors registered under LA Scheme on a preferential basis.

 Besides, market Guaranteed Income Generating Scheme of cleaning material production & supply is in operation. Three more market Guaranteed Income Generating Schemes – namely, canteen supplies, office supplies, construction material production and supply are contemplated.

 Wards of PAPs are providing in-plant trainings, assistance for project work at free of cost.

 Continuance of Periphery Development Scheme.

As an enhancement to the NRRP-2007 provision:-

 Alternative House Plots are allotted to the Project Displaced Families subject to a minimum of 120 square metres and a maximum of 250 square metres for families residing in the acquired lands, as against the provisions under the NRRP 2007 viz. “house plot to the extent of actual loss of area of the acquired house”.

Over and above the NRRP-2007 provisions:-

 Though the dwellers/encroachers of Govt. lands are not entitled for any compensation, NLC is paying on compassionate grounds, a sum equivalent to 50% of the value of the house structure in which the encroacher is residing, calculated based on the plinth area rate approved by Public Works Department.

 NLC has obtained a special Government Order for directly calling for the applications from the Project Affected Persons for ITI Apprenticeship Training in NLC, instead of through the employment exchange.

 NLC provides better Infrastructure and amenities in the Resettlement centres, than in the original as well as peripheral villages. (RCs – details regarding all the 9 resettlement Centres so far formed is in Appendix I and the Features of 5 Resettlement Centres Developed by NLC from 1988-89 on its acquired/purchased lands is in Appendix II)

Implementation Status of the R&R Policy : as on March -2015

Description Total

Allotment of alternative house site in well developed, well- 7170 Plots. connected and conveniently located resettlement centers.

Ex-gratia payment made towards Resettlement Allowance for Rs.90.78 Lakh. acquisitions from 1997-98 till 2005-2006.

Ex-gratia payment made towards value of structures on Rs.68.01 Lakh. Government Lands for acquisitions from 1997-98 till 2005-2006.

Regular employment in NLC provided to the PAFs (excluding the 1827 persons PAFs of initial schemes of 1950s).

Charges incurred for the development of Upto 1988 Rs.56.41 lakh. Resettlement Centres. After 1988 Rs.1307.97lakh

Total Rs.1364.38lakh

Recurring expenditure being incurred for maintenance, Rs25.00 lakh per amenities and up-keeping of Resettlement Centres Annum(approx)

ITI apprenticeship training imparted to PAPs 896persons

Working under contract jobs 3500 persons

Special Training imparted to the PAF members under Medical 51 persons Lab Technician Training Scheme

Training for skill development/ entrepreneurship/ self- 1509 persons. employment imparted to the members of PAFs in association Number of PAP Contractors registered on the basis of LA. 124 contractors

Ex-gratia payment made towards value of structures on Rs.347.65 Lakhs Government Lands for acquisitions from 2006-07 onwards

Resettlement Allowance paid for acquisition from 2006-07 Rs.170 Lakhs onwards

Subsistence allowance paid for acquisition from 2006-07 Rs.362.88 Lakhs onwards

Cattle Shed Allowance paid for acquisition from 2006-07 Rs. 0.30 lakhs onwards

R&R Action Plan for the resettlement of the families from the proposed Mine-IA Expansion area:

Presently NLC is developing a resettlement centre called A-Block resettlement centre near the NLC Township in a phased manner. Already 2 phases have been developed and development of Phase-3 in progress. This area is earmarked for resettling the Project affected persons from Mine-I&IA Expansion area. Details of the PAPs already resettled and the facilities available are furnished below.

Sl. “A” Block Area No. of Facilities provided in this

No. Resettlement Centre developed families Resettlement centre in acres resettled so far

1. Phase-I (PAPs from 79.00 900 1. House site for PAFs Mine-I & IA and 2. Free Transport to convey the Mine-II Expansion salvaged materials or allowance area) for dismantling, Conveyance and re-erection. Phase-II (PAPs from 49.78 374 Mine-I&IA and Mine- 3. Formation of road.

II Expansion area) 4. Drinking water supply/ hand

pumps/pipe line/Water tank.

5. Street lighting.

6. Shop building.

7.Balwadi building.

8.Reading room

9.Avenue trees.

Phase-III –part 1 115.42 101 10.Over Head Tank (PAPs from Mine- 11.School Building

I&IA and Mine-II 12.Temples Expansion area) and 13.Dispensary Building part-2& 3 are under development for 14.Cremation Shed further allotment FURTHER WORKS ARE ALSO IN PROGRESS

A – Block Resettlement Center

A – Block Resettlement Center School Building Constructed by NLC

A – Block Resettlement Center

R&R Monitoring

Monitoring involves periodic checking to ascertain whether activities are carried out according to the Resettlement Action Plan. It provides the necessary feedback for project management to keep the program on schedule.

Evaluation is essentially a summing up job at the end of the project to assess whether the activities planned and scheduled were actually completed, fulfilling the objectives.

A Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) program will, accordingly, be implemented to

(a) Record and assess project inputs and the number of persons affected and compensated, and

(b) Confirm that former living standards are being re-established and/or bettered.

Regular monitoring of the R&R activities will be carried out by the NLC. Apart from the regular internal monitoring of R&R activities, It will also be considered to appoint a third party monitoring agency experienced in R&R activities, on need basis. There are two broad activities to be monitored:

 first, the progress of land acquisition and

 second, the Resettlement Action Plan activities.

The range of activities and issues that will have to be recorded and monitored include:

 Progress of Land acquisition and transfer procedures;

 Disbursement of compensation for land and structures

 Provision of R&R assistance

 Restoration of livelihoods

 Improvements in living standards

 Grievance Redressal Mechanism

Two broad categories of indicators will be proposed to monitor the implementation:

(a) input and output indicators and

Input and output indicators relate to the physical progress of the works and include such items as the extent of land acquisition and compensation paid, other R&R assistance extended and the related financial aspects.

(b) outcome/impact indicators,

The outcome/impact indicators relate to overall objectives as stated in the policy. Periodic changes will be made in the Resettlement Action Plan, based on evaluation.

4.3 Reporting

4.3.1 Through Internal Monitoring

Internally, the GM (LA & R&R) will be responsible for monitoring the overall progress of land acquisition and R&R. The GM will be responsible for monitoring the progress of land acquisition and the progress of the R&R activities. The GM will undertake this internal monitoring monthly. These results of this monitoring will be reported in the monthly progress reports to the Directors.

4.3.2 Through External Monitoring

It will also be considered to appoint a third party monitoring and evaluation agency experienced in R&R activities, on need basis. This agency will submit the reports to the GM (LA & R&R) and the Directors.

4.3.3 Impact Evaluation

NLC would put forth an impact evaluation mission at the end of the completion of land acquisition and resettlement and rehabilitation process to record the impact of these activities on the PAPs.

4.4 Monitoring Indicators

The progress of the project will be monitored with respect to these broad categories of indicators:

 financial progress,

 physical progress,

 social development,

 participation of stakeholders.

A list of input and output monitoring indicators are given below:

 Number of consultation meetings and field visits

 Grievances by type and resolution

 Asset verification/quantification procedures in place

 Effectiveness of compensation and resettlement assistance delivery system

 Coordination between NLC and other line agencies

 Process of selection of livelihoods

 Capacity building measures

 Changes in the living standards of the PAPs

4.5 Grievance Redressal Mechanism

A grievance is righteous anger or resentment stemming from a feeling of having been wronged. In case of projects involving land acquisition, involuntary resettlement and loss of livelihoods, grievance relates to perceived exploitation by the Government and essentially indicates inadequate payment. The grievance procedure and appeal mechanism are an important aspect related to R&R of the PAPs. The Land Acquisition Act has provisions at different stages of the land acquisition process for the affected persons to object to the proposed acquisition of land and other properties, etc. It also allows the affected persons to receive compensation under protest and to approach the court for settlement.

Even though the land acquisition by Government for public purpose cannot be challenged, in court, an aggrieved person may go to a court of law to challenge the amount of compensation. Experience shows that litigation causes will lead to unnecessary delays and cost overruns in many projects. To avoid such legal procedures a committee for grievance redressal is constituted, which will provide a forum for people to express their dissatisfaction over compensation and R&R provisions. It does not imply that the affected people will be debarred from approaching the court on the compensation issue.

The proposed Grievance Redressal Committee (GRC), to be constituted by NLC, will deal with the grievance of the PAPs, if any. The District Collector would head this GRC and the GM (LA & R&R) will be the Member-Secretary. Any PAP with any grievance can make representation to this committee for redressal. It is proposed that the PAP first registers the grievance with the GRC. After receipt of a grievance, the committee will take up the matter during the next immediate meeting and provide redressal. In no case can grievance be kept pending for more than a month, which means the committee has to meet every month to take stock of the land acquisition progress and for redressal of grievances till these are resolved. Implementation of

23 the redressal rests with the GM (LA & R&R). In case the aggrieved party is not satisfied with the redressal, it can take up the matter in accordance with the laws of GoTN/ India.

4.5.1 Process

The PAP will register the grievance with the GRC. This will provide for the step-by-step process for registering and addressing the grievances. The GRC will then ask the concerned officer to investigate into the grievance. This mechanism will help to redress the grievance of the party to the possible extent. The PAPs will have access to the committee throughout the project period.

4.5.2 Response Time

The GRC will hear grievances once in a month. Since the entire land acquisition process has to be completed before the commencement of the construction works, the GRC may meet more frequently depending upon the number of cases to be settled. The GRC will inform the decision to the aggrieved party within 15 days of the hearing.

4.5.3 Monitoring

The GRC during the monthly meeting will monitor the implementation of the decisions related to registered and addressed grievances.

A broad plan for resettlement of the displaced population, site for the resettlement colony, alternative livelihood concerns/employment for the displaced people, civil and housing amenities being offered, etc are discussed under the chapter “Rehabilitation and Resettlement Packages Details”.

5.0 Rehabilitation and Resettlement Packages Details

5.1 Introduction

The following benefits need to be extended to the PAPs apart from the compensation due to land and asset losses as per state resettlement policy / in any changes for modifications in the policy in future will also be followed.

5.1.1 Socio Economic Impacts

The socio-economic impacts of mining are many. The adverse impacts attribute to physical displacement due to land acquisition, which is followed by loss of livelihood, mental agony, changes in social structure, and risk to food security, etc Social Impact Assessment (SIA), which is a process of analysis, monitoring and managing the social

24 consequences of this project, is taken up and the results are enumerated in this report. The major social impacts associated with mining are given below:

 Land loss

 Impacts on human habitations

 Pollution

 Loss of Livelihoods

 Impacts on culture and community relationships

 Economic loss

 Loss of common property resources

 Impacts on infrastructure

5.1.2 Mitigation measures

The following mitigation measures are suggested.

 Monetary compensation

 Resettlement and Rehabilitation Plan

 Compensation in kind

 Livelihoods Assistance

 Infrastructure provision

 CSR Initiatives

5.2 R&R Benefits

5.2.1 House Site and House

Any affected family owning house and whose house has been acquired or lost, may be allotted free of cost house site to the extent of actual loss of area of the acquired house but not more than two hundred and fifty square metre of land in rural areas, or one hundred and fifty square metre of land in urban areas, as the case may be, for each nuclear family.

Each affected below poverty line family which is without homestead land and which has been residing in the affected area continuously for a period of not less than three years preceding the date of declaration of the affected area and which has been involuntarily displaced from such area, shall be entitled to a house construction scheme of State Govt. / Central Govt. pertaining to below BPL: Provided that any such affected family, which opts not to take the house offered, shall get a suitable one-time financial assistance for house construction, and the amount shall not be less than what is given under any programme of house construction by the Government of India.

5.2.2 Land for Land

Each affected family owning agricultural land in the affected area and whose entire land has been acquired or lost, may be allotted in the name of the khatedar(s) in the affected family, agricultural land or cultivable wasteland to the extent of actual land loss by the khatedar(s) in the affected family subject to a maximum of one hectare of irrigated land or two hectares of un- irrigated land or cultivable wasteland, if Government land is available in the resettlement area. This benefit shall also be available to the affected families who have, as a consequence of the acquisition or loss of land, been reduced to the status of marginal farmers.

5.2.3 Registration Cost

In case of a project involving land acquisition on behalf of a requiring body, the stamp duty and other fees payable for registration of the land or house allotted to the affected families shall be borne by the requiring body.

The land or house allotted to the affected families under this policy shall be free from all encumbrances. The land or house allotted to the affected families under this policy may be in the joint names of wife and husband of the affected family.

5.2.4 Financial Assistance for Land Development

In case of allotment of wasteland or degraded land in lieu of the acquired land, each khatedar in the affected family shall get a one-time "financial assistance of such amount as the appropriate Government may decide but not less than fifteen thousand rupees per hectare for land development.

5.2.5 Financial Assistance for Agricultural Production

In case of allotment of agricultural land in lieu of the acquired land, each khatedar in the affected family shall get a one-time financial assistance of such amount as the appropriate Government may decide but not less than ten thousand rupees, for agricultural production.

5.2.6 Cattle Shed

Each affected family that is displaced and has cattle, shall get financial assistance of such amount as the appropriate Government may decide but not less than fifteen thousand rupees, for construction of cattle shed.

5.2.7 Shifting Assistance

Each affected family that is displaced shall get a one-time financial assistance of such amount as the appropriate Government may decide but not less than ten thousand rupees, for shifting of the family, building materials, belongings and cattle.

5.2.8 Self Employed Shed/ Shop

Each affected person who is a rural artisan, small trader or self-employed person and who has been displaced shall get a one-time financial assistance of such amount as the appropriate Government may decide but not less than twenty-five thousand rupees, for construction of working shed or shop.

5.2.9 Employment

The requiring body shall give preference to the affected families, at least one person per family, in providing employment in the project, subject to the availability of vacancies and suitability of the affected person for the employment.

5.2.10 Training

Wherever necessary, the requiring body shall arrange for training of the affected persons, so as to enable such persons to take on suitable jobs.

5.2.11 Scholarships

The requiring body shall offer scholarships and other skill development opportunities to the eligible persons from the affected families as per the criteria as may be fixed by the appropriate Government.

5.2.12 Economic Opportunities

The requiring body shall give preference to the affected persons or their groups or cooperatives in the allotment of outsourced contracts, shops or other economic opportunities coming up in or around the project site and the requiring body shall give preference to willing landless labourers and unemployed affected persons while engaging labour in the project during the construction phase.

The affected persons shall be offered the necessary training facilities for development of entrepreneurship, technical and professional skills for self-employment.

5.2.13 Rehabilitation Grant

In case of a project involving land acquisition on behalf of a requiring body, the affected families who have not been provided agricultural land or employment shall be entitled to a rehabilitation grant equivalent to seven hundred fifty days minimum agricultural wages or such other higher amount as may be prescribed by the appropriate Government.

Provided that, if the requiring body is a company authorised to issue shares and debentures, such affected families shall be given the option of taking up to twenty per cent of their rehabilitation grant amount in the form of shares or debentures of the requiring body, in such manner as may be prescribed. Provided further that the appropriate Government may, at its discretion, raise this proportion up to fifty per cent of the rehabilitation grant amount.

5.2.14 Monthly Subsistence Allowance

In case of a project involving land acquisition on behalf of a requiring body, each affected family which is involuntarily displaced shall get a monthly subsistence allowance equivalent to twenty- five days minimum agricultural wages per month for a period of one year from the date of displacement.

5.2.15 Pension

The project authorities shall, at their cost, arrange for annuity policies that will pay a pension for life to the vulnerable affected persons as indicated, of such amount as may be prescribed by the appropriate Government subject to a minimum of five hundred rupees per month.

5.2.16 Transit Accommodation

If land is acquired in cases of urgency, such as under section 17 of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 or similar provision of any other Act of the Union or a State for the time being in force, each affected family which is displaced shall be provided with transit and temporary accommodation, pending rehabilitation and resettlement scheme or plan, in addition to the monthly subsistence allowance and other rehabilitation and resettlement benefits due to them under this policy.

5.2.17 Lump Sum Amount in lieu of Benefits

The affected families may be given the option to take a lump-sum amount in lieu of one or more of the benefits specified, the amount being determined by the R&R administrator after consultation with the requiring body.

5.3 Special Provisions for Scheduled Tribes and Scheduled Castes

5.3.1 Preferential Allotment of Land

Each affected family of Scheduled Tribe followed by Scheduled Caste categories shall be given preference in allotment of land-for-land, if Government land is available in the resettlement area.

5.3.2 Advance Payment of Compensation

In case of land being acquired from members of the Scheduled Tribes, at least one-third of the compensation amount due shall be paid to the affected families at the outset as first instalment and the rest at the time of taking over the possession of the land.

5.3.3 Additional Assistance

In case of a project involving land acquisition on behalf of a requiring body, each Scheduled Tribe affected family shall get an additional one-time financial assistance equivalent to five hundred days minimum agricultural wages for loss of customary rights or usages of forest produce.

5.3.4 Resettlement in Same Area

The Scheduled Tribes affected families will be re-settled, as far as possible, in the same Schedule Area in a compact block, so that they can retain their ethnic, linguistic and cultural identity. Exceptions would be allowed only in rare cases where the requiring body in case of a project

29 involving land acquisition, or the State Government in other cases of involuntary displacement, is unable to offer such land due to reasons beyond its control.

5.3.5 Land for Community Gatherings

The resettlement areas predominantly inhabited by the Scheduled Tribes shall get land free of cost for community and religious gatherings, to the extent decided by the appropriate Government.

5.3.6 Higher Benefits

In case of a project involving land acquisition on behalf of a requiring body, the Scheduled Tribes affected families resettled out of the district will get twenty-five per cent higher rehabilitation and resettlement benefits in monetary terms in respect of the items Land Development Grant, Agricultural Production Grant, Cattle shed Grant, Shifting Allowance and Workshop/ Shed Grant.

5.3.7 Benefits to Original Tribal Owners

Any alienation of tribal lands in violation of the laws and regulations for the time being in force shall be treated, as null and void. In the case of acquisition of such lands, the rehabilitation and resettlement benefits would be available to the original tribal land-owners.

5.3.8 Reservation Benefits

The Scheduled Tribes and Scheduled Castes affected families enjoying reservation benefits in the affected area shall be entitled to get the reservation benefits at the resettlement area(s).

5.3.9 Possession of Forest Land

The affected Scheduled Tribes families, who were in possession of forest lands in the affected area prior to the 13thday of December 2005, shall also be eligible for the rehabilitation and resettlement benefits under this policy.

5.4 Infrastructure Provision at Resettlement Centre.

The following infrastructure needs to be provided:

1. Roads within the resettled villages and an all weather road links to the nearest pucca roads, passages and easement rights for all the resettled families be adequately arranged.

2. Proper drainage as well as sanitation plans executed before physical resettlement.

3. One or more assured sources of safe drinking water for each family as per the norms prescribed by the Government of India.

4. Provision of drinking water for cattle.

5. Grazing land as per proportion acceptable in the State.

6. A reasonable number of Fair Price Shops.

7. Panchayat Ghars, as appropriate.

8. Village level Post Offices, as appropriate, with facilities for opening saving accounts.

9. Appropriate seed-cum-fertilizer storage facility if needed.

10. Efforts must be made to provide basic irrigation facilities to the agricultural land allocated to the resettled families if not from the irrigation project, then by developing a cooperative or under some Government scheme or special assistance.

11. All new villages established for resettlement of the displaced persons shall be provided with suitable transport facility which must include public transport facilities through local bus services with the nearby growth centres/urban localities.

12. Burial or cremation ground, depending on the caste communities at the site and their practices.

13. Facilities for sanitation, including individual toilet points.

14. Individual single electric connections (or connection through non-conventional sources of energy like solar energy), for each household and for public lighting.

15. Anganwadi’s providing child and mother supplemental nutritional services.

16. School as per the provisions of the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 (35 of 2009).

17. Sub-health centre within two kilometres range.

18. Primary Health Centre as prescribed by the Government of India.

19. Playground for children.

20. One community centre for every hundred families.

21. Places of worship and chowpal/tree platform for every fifty families for community assembly, of numbers and dimensions consonant with the affected area.

22. Separate land must be earmarked for traditional tribal institutions.

23. The forest dweller families must be provided, where possible, with their forest rights on non- timber forest produce and common property resources, if available close to the new place of settlement and, in case any such family can continue their access or entry to such forest or common property in the area close to the place of eviction, they must continue to enjoy their earlier rights to the aforesaid sources of livelihood.

24. Appropriate security arrangements must be provided for the settlement, if needed.

25. Veterinary service centre as per norms.

For the above infrastructure a lumpsum provision is made in the budget.

5.4.1 Host Community

If relocation takes place in an existing settlement area, the same infrastructure shall also be extended to the host community.

5.4.2 Socio-Cultural Relations

While shifting the population of the affected area to the resettlement area, the Administrator for Rehabilitation and Resettlement shall, as far as possible, ensure that, a) in case the entire population of the village or area to be shifted belongs to a particular community, such population or families may, as far as possible, be resettled en masse in a compact area, so that socio-cultural relations and social harmony amongst the shifted families are not disturbed, b) in the case of resettlement of the Scheduled Caste affected families, it may, as far as possible, be ensured that such families are resettled in the areas close to the villages.

5.4.3 Gram Panchayat/ Municipality

The appropriate Government shall ensure that a resettlement area forms part of a gram panchayat or municipality.

5.5 Other Mandatory Provisions

5.5.1 Indexation

The rehabilitation grant and other benefits expressed in monetary terms in this policy shall be indexed to the Consumer Price Index (CPI) with the first day of April following the date of coming into force of this policy as the reference date, and the same shall also be revised by the appropriate Government at suitable intervals.

5.5.2 Resettlement and Rehabilitation

Land requirement for such integrated projects of NLC necessitates the invoking of law for the acquisition of private property leading to involuntary displacement of people in lignite bearing localities for mining and adjacent strategic locations for stationing the production and service facilities. NLC believes that implementation of Mining and Electric Power Projects is essential for the planned economic development. At the same time NLC is sensitive to the painful involuntary relocation of displaced families and strives to minimize the trauma of displacement. NLC is continuously and consciously balancing the techo-economic and the socio-economic goals of its project.

While the land for Power Stations are acquired in one go, the land acquisition for mining is being carried out in phases according to the mine development plans, so as to reduce the heavy impact of massive involuntary displacement, all at once.

Hitherto, NLC has devised and implemented several expansion schemes, in connection with which it has developed several Resettlement Centres (RCs) in the vicinity. These RCs are well connected with infrastructure, facilities and amenities better than those in the original villages and are also well connected. The eligible Project Affected Persons have been smoothly resettled in these RCs and have also been provided with rehabilitation measures in addition to legal compensation for loss of assets, as directed by the State Government from time to time and with the cooperation of the District Administration. In this front, NLC has been designing and implementing the R&R Packages for the project affected people with their active participation, combining its long experience in the locality and the modern trends in social sciences, viz., Socio Economic Base Line Survey, Social Impact Assessment, Participatory Approaches, etc.

APPENDIX -I

Profile of NLC Resettlement Centres with resettlement assistance details

Total extent No.of Amenities/ assistance provided. Sl.N Name of the rehabilitation Period of rehabilit- familes o centre ation in rehab- acres. ilitated 1. M.Parur Vijayamanagaram, 1957 1182.76 1608 1. House site for PAFs and Pudukooraipettai, to & 2. Free Transport to convey the salvaged materials (Initial Schemes) 1960 637.17 or allowance for dismantling, Conveyance and re- erection. 3. Formation of road. 4. Drinking water supply/Wells/hand pumps/pipe line/Water tank. 5. Street lighting. 6. Avenue trees. 7. Two acres of Agricultural land. Total extent No.of Amenities/ assistance provided. Sl.N Name of the rehabilitation Period of rehabilit- familes o centre ation in rehab- acres. ilitated 2. Edaikkal near Ulundurpet 1984 1311.00 456 1. House site for PAFs (Mine II Scheme) 2. Free Transport to convey the salvaged materials or allowance for dismantling, Conveyance and re- erection. 3. Formation of road. 4. Drinking water supply/Wells/hand pumps/pipe line/Water tank. 5. Street lighting. 6. Elementary/Primary school/Middle school. 7. Temples 8. Sanitary blocks. 9. Training Centre building. 10.Shop building. 11.Office building. 12.Chief Minister’s Noon-meal scheme building. 13.Teachers’ quarters 10 units. 14.Weaving shed. 15.Carpentry shed. 16.Consumer co-operative store. 17.Police out post and post office. 18.Thrashing platform. 35 19.Two acres of Agricultural land.

Total extent No.of Amenities/ assistance provided. Sl.N Name of the rehabilitation Period of rehabilit- familes o centre ation in rehab- acres. ilitated 3. Kunankurichi(TS II) 1986 --- 264 1. Free Transport to convey the salvaged materials or allowance for dismantling, Conveyance and re- erection 2. Formation of road. 3. Drinking water supply/Wells/hand pumps/pipe line/Water tank. 4. Temples 4. Rubanarayananallur village 1987 2.86 50 1. House site for PAFs near Mangalampet (Mine II 2. Free Transport to convey the salvaged materials or Scheme) allowance for dismantling, Conveyance and re- erection. 3. Formation of road. 4. Drinking water supply/Wells/hand pumps/pipe line/Water tank. 5. Street lighting.

Total extent No.of Amenities/ assistance provided. Sl.N Name of the rehabilitation Period of rehabilit- familes o centre ation in rehab- acres. ilitated 5. U.Mangalam Rehabilitation 1988 45.77 503 1. House site for PAFs Centre. ( Mine II Scheme) to 2. Free Transport to convey the salvaged materials or 1990 allowance for dismantling, Conveyance and re- erection. 3. Formation of road. 4. Drinking water supply/Wells/hand pumps/pipe line/Water tank. 5. Street lighting. 6. Elementary/Primary school/Middle schools. 7. Temples 8. Sanitary blocks. 9. Training Centre building. 10. Shop building. 11. Dispensary building. 12. Construction of houses for SC families under DRDP scheme. 13. Avenue trees. 14. Self employment schemes and special schemes for women in Resettlement centres

Total extent No.of Amenities/ assistance provided. Sl.N Name of the rehabilitation Period of rehabilit- familes o centre ation in rehab- acres. ilitated 6. Pudu Eri rehabilitation Centre 1989 40.00 408 1. House site for PAFs near Administrative Office II to 2. Free Transport to convey the salvaged materials or Min in Vadakkuvelloe village 1990 allowance for dismantling, Conveyance and re- (Mine II scheme) erection. 3. Formation of road. 4. Drinking water supply/Wells/hand pumps/pipe line/Water tank. 5. Street lighting. 6. Elementary/Primary school/Middle schools. 7. Temples 8. Sanitary blocks. 9. Training Centre building. 10. Shop building. 11. Police out post and post office. 12. Balwadi building. 13. Dispensary Building. 14. Reading Room. 15. Bus shelter 16. Avenue trees.

Total extent No.of Amenities/ assistance provided. Sl.N Name of the rehabilitation Period of rehabilit- familes o centre ation in rehab- acres. ilitated 7. B2 block reh.centre south of 1992 106.00 1601 1. House site for PAFs Indira Nagar Vadakuthu & to 2. Free Transport to convey the salvaged materials or Vadakkumelur Village (Mine I 2010 allowance for dismantling, Conveyance and re- Expahsion Scheme & Mine II erection. Expansion Scheme and Mine 3. Formation of road. IA) 4. Drinking water supply/Wells/hand pumps/pipe line/Water tank. 5. Street lighting. 6. Elementary/Primary school/Middle schools. 7. Temples 8. Sanitary blocks. 9. Training Centre building. 10. Shop building. 11. Police out post and post office. 12. Balwadi building. 13. Dispensary building. 14. Avenue trees. 15. Self employment schemes and special schemes for women in Resettlement centres. 16. Setting up of skill development cum production centres at 39 Resettlement Centres. 17. Face lifting Arch at the Entrance Total extent No.of Amenities/ assistance provided. Sl.N Name of the rehabilitation Period of rehabilit- familes o centre ation in rehab- acres. ilitated 8. B1 block reh. centre North on 2004 59.00 666 1. House site for PAFs Indira Nagar Vadakkumelure To 2. Free Transport to convey the salvaged materials or village (Mine I & II Expansion Till allowance for dismantling, Conveyance and re- schemes and Mine IA) date erection. 3. Formation of road. 4. Drinking water supply/Wells/hand pumps/pipe line/Water tank. 5. Street lighting. 6. Elementary/Primary school/Middle schools. 7. Temples 8. Sanitary blocks. 9. Training Centre building. 10.Shop building. 11.Police out post and post office. 12.Balwadi building. 13.Dispensary building. 14.Avenue trees. 15.Self employment schemes and special schemes for women in Resettlement centres. 16.Setting up of skill development cum production centres at Resettlement Centres. 40 17.Face lifting Arch at the Entrance FURTHER WORKS ARE ALSO IN PROGRESS. Total extent No.of Amenities/ assistance provided. Sl.N Name of the rehabilitation Period of rehabilit- familes o centre ation in rehab- acres. ilitated 9. “A” Block Reh.Centre Phase-I 2007 79.00 919 1. House site for PAFs near Ceylon Colony to till 2. Free Transport to convey the salvaged materials or Vadakuthu & Vdakkumelur date allowance for dismantling, Conveyance and re-erection. village (Mine-I & IA and Mine- 3. Formation of road. II Expansion) 4. Drinking water supply/ hand pumps/pipe line/Water “A” Block Reh.Centre Phase-II 49.78 459 tank. near Ceylon Colony 5. Street lighting. Vadakuthu & Vdakkumelur 6. Shop building. village (Mine-I&I A and Mine-II 7.Balwadi building. Expansion) 8.Reading room 9.Avenue trees. 10.Over Head Tank 11.School Building “A” Block Reh.Centre Phase-III 115.42 236 12.Temples near Ceylon Colony 13.Dispensary Building Vadakuthu & Vdakkumelur 14.Cremation Shed village (Mine-I&IA and Mine-II FURTHER WORKS ARE ALSO IN PROGRESS Expansion)

TOTAL NUMBER OF PLOTS SO FOR ALLOTTED 7170

APPENDIX -II

Features of Resettlement Centres Developed by NLC from 1988-89.

As on: 31.03.2015

Feature of RC with U.Man- Pudu Eri B2 B1 “A” Block Total measuring unit. galam Block Block

Ph-I Ph-2 Ph-3

Extent (Acres) 45.77 40 106 59 79 49.78 115.42 379.55

Number of plots allotted 503 408 1601 666 919 459 236 4792

Bridges for approach (Nos.) 1 1

Roads Laid (Metres.) 6930 4400 12800 6000 7970 6080 6000 50180

Bore Wells for drinking 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 8

Overhead tanks (Nos.) 1 1 1 1 1 5

Overhead tanks (Litres X 100 100 300 300 300 1100 1000) Pump room (Nos.) 1 1 2 1 1 1 7

Water supply lines (Metres) 6700 4000 12000 6000 8000 6130 3000 45830

Street lighting (No. of 30 12 40 22 22 15 10 151

Street lighting (No. of lights) 138 119 165 115 120 50 707

Electric Transformers (Nos) 2 2 2 3 2 2 13

Motors 20HP 1 1 2

Motors 40HP 2 1 1 1 5

LTCT Panels for OHT motor 1 1 2

Sanitary Blocks (Nos.) 2 6 4 12 Balwadi Buildings (Nos.) 1 1 1 1 4

Primary School (Nos.) 1 1 2

High Schools (Nos.) 1 1 1 3

Reading Rooms (Nos.) 1 1 1 1 1 5

Worship Places (Nos.) 5 6 6 6 5 4 32

Training Centre Buildings 1 1 1 3

Shop Buidings (Nos.) 2 2 8 4 4 20

Panchayat Building 1 1 2

Village Pond 1 1 2

Trees Planted (No. of 30 12 25 20 40 50 177

Avenue Trees Planted (Nos.) 400 200 550 300 850 100 2400

Cremation Sheds (Nos.) 3 2 1 6

Entrance Arches (Nos.) 1 1 2

Noon Meal centre 1 1 1 3

 Training Programmes And Other Benefits Offered by NLC to Project Affected People

NLC has obtained a special Government Order for directly calling for the applications from the Project Affected Persons for ITI Apprenticeship Training in NLC, instead of through the employment exchange. NLC is also arranging entrepreneurial development programmes for PAPs in NLC’s Training Complex and sponsor candidates to suitable outside training schools/agencies.

NLC is imparting in-plant training and also providing opportunities for Project Work to the PAPs through the Training Complex.

Medical Assistance: Services of health care facilities developed by the mine should be extended to the general public.

Educational Assistance: In order to improve the educational activities in the area, following assistance is provided.

 Repair/Rebuilding of village schools

 Institution of scholarships and prizes

 Encouraging pre-primary schools education

 Supporting adult education programs

Training of Affected Persons: In order to improve the skill and self employment of locals, following promotional activities is taken up.

 Tailoring/embroidery

 Mechanic/ Technicians

 Orientation programs for self-employment in collaboration with District Industries Centre and Rural Development Agencies.

Agriculture Development: The locals in the area should be benefited by following social programme.

 Organising, with the help of Agricultural Department, training programs for farmers in relevant areas such as animal husbandry, dairy development, modern cultivation, scientific storage of grain, water conservation etc;

 Help to organize veterinary camps;

 Help in arranging in association with nearby agricultural department for soil testing and technical inputs for increasing yield.

Linkages with Government Programs: Collecting and disseminating information pertaining to various government schemes and providing guidance and assistance to eligible persons for making good use of these schemes e.g. getting loans for setting up small businesses.

Employment: Preference should be given to local population while inducting the man power (both skilled and unskilled). Necessary training may be provided to locals to improve their skill.

Communication Infrastructure: The mine roads to the project site from nearest state/district/village roads should be constructed and maintained. The facilities like post office, telephone booth etc. should be available near the mine office.

 Training Programmes provided to Project Affected People -

Sl. Programme Date No. of Amount No. persons Rs. 1. Cleaning materials and phenol 26.12.03 to 19 persons 13539.25 preparation & review training (LA) 30.12.03 06.02.04 to 07.02.04 2. Manufacture office file, 08.05.04 to 21 persons 7390.00 (LA & Training Complex) 10.05.04 3. Tailoring Training with m/c 31.07.04 to 24 persons 44010.00 20.09.04 4. Tailoring Training (GRU) 04.12.04 to 31 persons 25659.00 04.02.05 5. Cattle rearing and various milk 2005 various 7 persons Free training products(Tamilnadu Agriculture dates by GRU university Fund) (GRU)

6. Manufacture of cashew fruits juice 09.05.05 to 12 persons 25314.00 and other fruit juices products 19.05.05 7.a Training Programme for Electrical & 07.05.05 to 30 persons 53360.00 Electronic items TV and Cell repair 04.06.05 7.b Best Tailoring Training cash award 04.06.05 6 persons 2250.00 8. Training programme for cement & fly 16.10.05 to 20 persons 4175.00 ash blocks products and the other 26.10.05 product manufacture (NLC Precast Yard) 9. Training programme for advanced 04.03.06 to 12 persons 16016.00 Colour TV mechanism and remote 21.03.06 control service 10. Training programme for manufacture 28.03.06 to 11 persons 21904.00 at office stationery paper bag, marble 06.04.06 printing etc. 11. Tailoring Training programme 30.05.06 to 25 persons 33700.00 05.08.06 12. Training programme for two wheeler 26.10.06 to 13 persons 27914.00 mechanism 09.11.06 13. Mushroom cultivation 08.03.07 to 16 persons 11649.00 10.03.07 14. Training programme for Computer 02.05.07 to 31 persons 35175.00 software & Hardware 01.06.07

15. Mushroom cultivation 22.03.08 to 15 persons 15576.00 24.03.08 16. Arecanut sheath & paper products 29.03.08 to 14 persons 29458.00 (Environment Budget Fund) (GRU) 04.04.08 17. Computer software & hardware 05.05.08 to 29 persons 37743.00 (budget sanction towards R&R 24.05.08 revenue budget)

18. Cashew apple and other fruit food 26.05.08 to 17 persons 19019.00 products (budget sanction towards 30.05.08 environment measure under revenue budget for the year 2007-2008) 19. Heavy vehicle operator training (NLC 17.12.08 to LA & Transport Departments) 29.12.09 9 Persons 6092.00

Intensive heavy vehicle operation 25.06.09 to training 30.06.09 - (NLC LA & Transport Departments) 20. Entrepreneurship Development 20.03.09 128 15812.00 training Persons

21. Welding Training 18.03.09 to 13 Persons 12484.00 04.04.09

22. Earth moving equipment operation 01.05.09 to 16 Persons 65850.00 training (LA & MGM school) 31.07.09

23 Computer software training 20.05.09 to 13 Persons Funded by EDC (Training & Development Dept. & LA- 09.06.09 R&R Department) 24 Domestic wireman training (Training 10.09.09 to 13 persons Funded by EDC Development Dept & LA-R&R Dept) 07.10.09 25 Tailoring Training 07.12.09 to 26 persons 38958.00 29.01.2010 26 Heavy vehicle operation & 03.02.2010 to 15 persons Funded by EDC maintenance training (Training & 18.02.2010 Development Dept & LA-R&R Dept).

27. Carpentry works Training (Trg. & Dev. 01.03.2010 to 12 Persons Funded by EDC Dept & LA-R&R Dept.) 15.03.2010

28. Heavy machinery operation training 08.01.2010 to 15 persons 67500.00 (LA-R&R Dept. & MGM heavy 31.03.2010 machinery training school) Computer software training 20.05.2010 to 29 34 Persons Funded by EDC (Training & Development & LA) 07.06.2010 Preparation of washing cleaning materials 29.07.2010 to 30 25 Persons Funded by EDC Training & Development & LA) 07.08.2010

Hand made paper products 21.09.2010 t0 31 11 Persons 30038.00 (GRU & LA-R&R) 25.09.2010 Domastic Electric Applainces Repairs 27.09.2010 to 32 and Motor Coil Rewinding 08.10.2010 18 Persons Funded by EDC (Training & Development & LA-R&R) 15.11.2010 to 61675.00 33 Tailoring Training 21 persons 30.12.2010 (approximate) 34 Heavy Vehicle operation Training 10.01.2011 to 15 persons 67500 (LA-R&R & MGM Heavy machinery 31.03.2011 school) 35 Catering Training 06.02.2011 to 15 persons 28404.00 (LA-R&R + GRV) 15.02.2011 Entrepreneurship training 7.03.2011 to 36 33 persons 25119.00 9.03.2011 candle making 22.03.2011 to 37 15 persons Funded by EDC (LA-R&R &Training & Development) 26.03.2011

16.05.2011 Computer Training 38. to 25 persons Funded by EDC (LA-R&R &EDC) 28.05.2011

04.07.2011 Light Motor Vehicle Training 39. to 23 persons Funded by EDC (LA-R&R & EDC) 22.07.2011

19.09.2011 40. Welding Training (LA-R&R – EDC) to 15 persons Funded by EDC 29.09.2011 23.09.2011 Solid blocks & Hollow block 41. to 14 persons Funded by EDC manufacture Training (LA-R&R – EDC) 30.09.2011 Malt powder & masala powder 26.09.2011 42. preparation training (LA-R&R – to 14 persons 30283.00 Gandhigram trust) 29.09.2011 13.10.2011 Tailoring training (LA-R&R – GRU) 122180.00 43. to 25 persons Valedictory function 1845.00 30.11.2011 10.01.12 to 44. EME Opr. Training 15 persons 67500.00 31.03.12

10.02.12 to 45. Tailoring training 26 persons 105950.00 31.03.12

EDP Training 23.3.2012 to 46 30 Persons 15869.00 24.3.2012 LMV Driving Training 16.05.2012 to 70291.00 47 24 persons (LA-R&R + EDC) 02.06.2012 Funded by EDC LMV Driving Training 04.06.2012 to 50862.00 48 21 persons (LA-R&R + EDC) 21.06.2012 Funded by EDC Solar Instrument and maintenance 06.08.2012 to 28356.00 49 15 persons Training (LA-R&R + EDC) 10.08.2012 Funded by EDC 18.9.2012 to 50 HMV Operator Training 15 persons 52050.00 17.11.2012 10.10.2012 to 51 LMV Operator Training 30 persons 62100.00 9.12.2012 3.11.2012 to 52 Army Recruitment Training 45 persons Funded by CSR 17.11.2012 15 persons 07.01.2013 to 53. EME operating training + 109500.00 31.03.2013 1 person

Temporary building material 21.01.2013 to 22556.00 54. 15 persons manufacturing training 01.02.2013 Funded by EDC 20.02.13 to 55. Tailoring Training Kolliruppu 35 persons 152000.00 31.03.13 20.02.13 to 56. Tailoring training A Block 25 persons 180000.00 31.03.13 20.02.13 to 50000.00 57. Computer training 15 Persons 31.03.13 45000.00 20.02.13 to 50000.00 58. Computer training 15 Persons 31.03.13 45000.00 15 Persons 20.02.13 to 50000.00 59. Welding training + 31.03.13 45000.00 1 person 20.02.13 to 50000.00 60. Catering training 15 Persons 31.03.13 45000.00 LMV Driving Training 27.06.13 to 61. 25 persons Funded by CSR (EDC&CSR) 14.08.13 Solar Instrument Assembly servicing 16.08.13 to 62. 15 persons Funded by CSR & Maintenance (EDC&CSR) 27.08.13 HMV Operator Training 02.09.13 to 63. 25 persons Funded by CSR (EDC&CSR) 10.10.13 A/c Mechanism (Maintenance & 17.09.13 to 64. 15 persons Funded by CSR Repair) (EDC&CSR) 27.09.13 EME-Operator Training (CSR&MGM 12.10.13 to 65. 25 Persons Funded by CSR Heavy Motor School) 31.12.13 18.11.13 to 66. LMV Driving Training (CSR&EDC) 25 Persons Funded by CSR 23.12.13 Light Motor Vehicle Training 28.01.14 to 67. 30 Persons Funded by CSR (EDC&CSR) 30.03.14 Heavy Vehicle Transport (CSR&Tamil 10.02.14 to 68. 30 Persons Funded by CSR Driving School) 31.03.14 1509 Total Persons

ITI apprenticeship training imparted to PAPs 872 persons

Working under contract jobs About 3500 persons

Special Training imparted to the PAF members under Medical Lab 47 persons Technician Training Scheme

Training for skill development/ entrepreneurship/ self-employment 1509 persons. imparted to the members of PAFs in association with training experts.

Number of PAP Contractors registered on the basis of LA. 123 contractors

Annexure-V-A Query no. 5: Furnish the Product plan for Mine I and Mine-IA

Reply: 5.1: The proposed Production schedule for Mine-I is given below:

Mine-I Production schedule

Lignite Year production in MTPA 14-15 10.50 15-16 10.50

16-17 10.50 17-18 10.50 18-19 10.50 19-20 10.50 20-21 10.50

21-22 10.50 22-23 10.50 23-24 10.50 24-25 10.50 25-26 10.50

26-27 10.50 27-28 10.50 28-29 3.43 Total 150.43

5.2: The proposed Production schedule for Mine-IA is given below:

Mine-IA Production schedule

Lignite production Year (In MTPA) 2014-15 3.00 2015-16 4.00 2016-17 5.00 2017-18 7.00 2018-19 7.00 2019-20 7.00 2020-21 7.00 2021-22 7.00 2022-23 7.00 2023-24 7.00 2024-25 7.00 2025-26 7.00 2026-27 7.00 2027-28 7.00 2028-29 7.00 2029-30 7.00 2030-31 7.00 2031-32 7.00 2032-33 7.00 2033-34 7.00 2034-35 7.00 2035-36 7.00 2036-37 7.00 2037-38 7.00 2038-39 7.00 2039-40 7.00 2040-41 7.00 2041-42 7.00 2042-43 7.00 2043-44 7.00 2044-45 5.06 206.06

Annexure-VI/1 –A

Annexure-VI /2 -A

EFFECT OF GROUND WATER PUMPING ON THE ENVIRONMENT IN

NEYVELI BASIN

Submitted to NEYVELI LIGNITE CORPORATION NEYVELI – 607 801

Dr S.MOHAN Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT-Madras, Chennai-36.

9 March-2014

1. INTRODUCTION

Neyveli Lignite Corporation (NLC) Ltd., Navratna company, a Government of India Enterprise, under Ministry of Coal is a premier lignite mining and lignite based power Generation Company, operating successfully for nearly last four decades. Neyveli, a remote hamlet in Cuddalore District, Tamilnadu today occupies a pre-eminent place in the industrial and power map of India. NLC has three large open cast mines (Mine-I, Mine-IA & Mine-II with production capacity of 10.5 MTPA, 3 MTPA and 15 MTPA respectively) which supports four Thermal Power Stations (TPS-I, TPS-I expn, TPS-II, and TPS-II expn ) and Mine-IA with a production capacity of 3 MTPA with a fuel linkage to captive thermal power plant (STCMS). NLC has also planned to expand the production capacity to a total of 29 MTPA.

For safe mining of Lignite, the ground water level needs to be lowered through pumping to the permissible limits to enable the mining in a more safer environment. The groundwater control (GWC) pumps installed in the mining area have been operated with a draft capacity of 800 gallons per minute (gpm). At present, lignite is being mined out from three open cast mines located at the South-Eastern part of Neyveli Township viz; Mine-I, Mine –IA and Mine – II. A total of about 8600 million tons of lignite deposits reported in the Neyveli region covering an area of about 845 sq. km. In general, the lignite seams are occurring at a depth range between 50 – 150 meters below ground level, with varying thickness of 2 - 25 meters with gentle dip towards south–east. Mine I supplies lignite (6.5 million tons per annum) to the Power plant I (600 MW) and it was expanded to increase the production to 10.5 million tons per annum to supply lignite to the thermal power station-I expansion (420MW). Mine- IA with a capacity of 3 million tons per annum supplies lignite to a captive private thermal plant (STCMS) generating 250 MW. Mine II (10.5 million tons per annum) supplies lignite to the Power plant II (1470 MW). The power plants are situated to the west of the open cast mines.

Neyveli Lignite Corporation Limited has also planned for Mine-II expansion by increasing production capacity from 10.5 MT/annum to 15MT/annum. Lignite will be supplied to thermal power station-II expansion (2 x 250MW). The power plants are situated to the west of the open cast mines. During the course of excavation for open cast mining, it was well established that the confined aquifer occurring below the lignite seam is with high pressure

10 and needs to be depressurized below the lignite layer, thereby facilitating safe mining operation. This necessitates the initiative to commence the Groundwater Control (GWC) Operations of NLC Ltd., on July 6, 1961.

1.1 OBJECTIVES

The present study has been conducted with the following objectives

1. To assess the impact of mine pumping within 10 km radius of the mine area.

2. To quantify the impact of restructured pumping plan on the overall water balance of the aquifer system

3. To study whether any potential or possibility of sea water intrusion, due to the mine pumping as well due to the pumping for other purposes

2. RECENT PILOT PROJECT STUDIES TAKEN BY NLC

NLC has taken up many research studies to assess the dynamic condition of the aquifer, especially in the coastal region periodically through reputed agencies. The main objective of these studies is to assess the potential feasibility of artificial groundwater recharge to meet the groundwater balance requirements as well as to control the sea water intrusion, if it occurs in the future. The studies undertaken by the agencies are:

1. Study on Artificial Recharge through injection techniques to the deep seated confined aquifers in the downstream side of NLC, through IIT-Madras. 2. Study on infiltration measures into groundwater through injection has experimented with expertise from RWE-Germany & IIT Madras, using pumped water from surface water bodies. 3. Coastal Resistivity Survey through Mineral Exploration Corporation Limited (MECL) & Geological Survey of India (GSI)

These studies are highly useful for further planning of both conservation and management and a brief account of each project is given below.

2.1 Study on Artificial Recharge

 A pilot study on artificial recharge was taken up during May-2002 for a period of four years in two villages, falling in the recharge area of Neyveli aquifer basin. In this study the percolation ponds with percolation wells were found to be more effective in recharging the surface water into the aquifer. Monitoring is being continued in the study area.  Similarly in the downstream side has been experimented with on artificial recharge through injection techniques to the deep seated confined aquifers. Two locations have been identified for possible installation of a battery of recharge wells, in the eastern side of perumal eri and found this system of recharging through these wells could raise the piezometric levels as high as 6m.  NLC in consultation with CGWB has identified a suitable location in north west of Mine-II to develop check dam with percolation wells near north west of Mine-II area.

2.2 Study on Infiltration

During 2008, the study on Infiltration measures into ground water aquifers through Injection wells was performed in the east of Neyveli lignite near the Perumal lake to prevent and control the decline in pressure surface, reversal of hydraulic gradient and to avoid any possible adverse effect namely, ingression of seawater inland.

The observations from the infiltration study are given below:

 Infiltration of water into the upper confined aquifers is generally possible at about 150- 200 gpm per infiltration well  To have a significant influence on the hydralulic regime requires an infiltration volume of around 20 million cubic meter per year.  Technically such an infiltration system can be set up with a series of 50 individual infiltration wells  An evaluation of the present coastline piezometers ground water in the upper confined aquifer (250 to 300m deep) does not show any salty sea water

influence. This ground water still meets drinking water standards with low chloride values of around 100 mg/L  Monitoring of four piezometers along the coastline will indicate changing ground water quality

2.3 Coastal Resistivity Survey by GSI & MECL

NLC has carried out Coastal Resistivity Survey at regular intervals through MECL during 1988-91 and Geological survey of India during 2003-2005 & 2010-12. to verify the continuity of the confined aquifer into the sea and to trace the saltwater / freshwater interface along the coast from Pondicherry in the north up to Coleroon river in the south

The study area is falling 30 kms east of NLC mine project upto the coastal area, bounded by Pondicherry town in the north and Coleroon river in the south for a distance of around 70.0 kms in north south with a width of maximum of 10.0 kms.

This study enabled the demarcation of saltwater incursion layers mostly affected in the shallow permeable zones close to the rivers because of infiltration of backwaters along the exposed permeable beds in the river course. Subsequently, following major observations were emerged as a result of the study.

 Deep resistivity sounding data revealed five to seven layers sequence corresponding to subsurface lithological formations.  The top of the confined aquifer varies from 23.5 to 166.0 m from the west to east in North and Central block.  The bottom of the confined aquifer varies from 160 m in the western part to 510 m in the eastern part in North and Central block.  High concentrations of TDS, Chloride, Bicarbonate, EC and Chloride/Bicarbonate ratio were observed along the river course and its peripheral area, suggesting the infiltration of backwaters in to the shallow aquifers.  Most of the resistivity profiles have clearly demarcated interface between saltwater and freshwater for shallow aquifers in North and Central blocks by

sharp resistivity variations. The resistivity profiles have also delineated isolated freshwater sand dunes near the coast.  The saltwater and freshwater interface in the shallow aquifer is traced at an average distance of 3.5 kilometers away from the coast in the study area. The interface was disturbed at places surrounded by east-west flowing rivers due to contamination of shallow aquifers with backwaters.  The results of this study were compared with previous study during 2005 of the GSI and found that there is no resistivity variation in respect of deeper aquifers which clearly indicates that there is no saltwater ingression in the deeper aquifer zones of the study area in the coastal belt of Neyveli mining area.

3. IMPACT ANALYSIS DUE TO GROUND WATER PUMPING IN NEYVELI LIGNITE MINES

The impact analysis due to ground water pumping is carried out in four ways as follows:

1. Analysis on water level variation in the water table aquifer over the time period, to assess the impact of pumping on long term water level variation.

2. Analysis on pressure surface contour variation in the confined aquifer over the temporal scale.

3. Water quality analysis based on the data collected from the Neyveli region as well as the coastal region and from the results of water collected from observation wells, maintained by NLC, CGWB, PWD, TWAD Board etc.

4. Assessment of effect of future pumping based on pumping plans for various strategies of operation of mines through Groundwater Modelling and simulation study. Each ways are briefly discussed below

3.1 Analysis of Water Level Variation in Water Table Aquifer

From the time series analysis on the water level variation in the stratified water table aquifer, it is observed that the variation in piezometric level mainly depends on (a) Rainfall, and (b) Recharge in the basin. The depth to water level reduces during monsoon period in certain areas of the basin. It is also observed from the water level contours that the pre monsoon water level fluctuates from 2 to 8 m in mines region and 4 to 13 m in the outer region. Similarly, in the post monsoon, water level varies from 2 to 5 m in mines and 2 to 10 m in the outer region. From the analysis, it is inferred that there is significant recharge taking place in the Neyveli groundwater basin during monsoon, thereby replenishing the aquifer as well as controlling the decline of water levels.

3.2 Pressure Surface Contour Variation in Confined Aquifer

Ground Water Control (GWC) operation is essential to achieve the safe operational water level between zero and 8 meters from the bottom of lignite bed. This operation was started in mine I from 1961 with an initial pumping rate of 60 MCM per year. Mine-II has been operated from the year of 1982 and it has a constant pumping rate of 50 to 60 MCM on an average per year. Mine-IA has been started from the year 2004 with 16 MCM GWC extractions. After the year 2000, the maximum pumping quantity has been stabilized and restricted to be less than 149 MCM per year. Since the Mine I is moving towards western direction, it is estimated that from the year 2015, no pumping is needed for safe operation, of this mine.

The pressure surface contours in the Mine IA and Mine II reflect that the cone of depression have limited impact in areal extent for 1 to 2 km distance from the centre of the pumping of each mine. This indicates that the pumping at mine location does not impact beyond the cone of depression radius in a significant manner.

3.3 Analysis of Water Quality To assess the impact of salinity, three water quality parameters are considered namely; a) Chloride, b) Total Dissolved solids, and c) Chloride/Bicorbonate ratio. The Chloride, TDS and Chloride/Bicarbonate ratio are well within the irrigation water requirement permissible limit

15 as prescribed by BIS standards. The maximum TDS value was measured as 900 mg/l in HSII/6 well for the year 2013 which is located at 20 km from the mine.

The Chloride/Bicarbonate ratio is varying from 0.5 to 3 in the mines region and varying from 0.5 to 4.5 in the coastal region which is also within the permissible limit. The maximum Chloride/Bicarbonate ratio is 4.5 in SAL-25 well for the year 2013 which is located at 0.5 km from the coastal boundary. The water quality in two wells near the coastal area exceeds mainly due to the local geological condition of calcareous formation and also due to excessive pumping from SIPCOT industrial estate.

It was revealed from the Piper diagram, that most of the samples are falling in the alkali- carbonate region. In the mines and its surrounding region TDS, Chloride, Sodium, Calcium, Magnesium, Bicarbonate and Potassium were found to be well within permissible limits.

The water quality further tested to assess the suitability for irrigation based on Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR) and the suitability criteria are highlighted in the Table 1. SAR is a measure of the suitability of water for use in irrigation, because sodium concentration can reduce the soil permeability and soil structure. SAR is measure of alkali/sodium hazard to crops.

Table 1. Criteria for Irrigation water quality

S.No. Classification TDS (ppm) SAR

1 Excellent < 200 < 20 2 Good 200 - 500 20 - 40 3 Fair 500 - 1500 40 - 60 4 Unsuitable > 1500 > 60

The water quality of 56 bore wells for the year 2013 is considered for the above calculation purpose in the study region. Based on TDS, it is observed that more than 75 % of wells are having excellent and good quality of water for irrigation purpose. Remaining wells are falling in the fair category, and none of the wells falls in the unsuitable category. Fig. 1 shows the suitability of water for irrigation based on TDS.

Fig. 1. Suitability based on TDS Fig. 2. Suitability based on SAR It also identified from the Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR) that more than 96 % of wells are having excellent suitability for irrigation purpose. Remaining wells are falling in the good and fair suitability. No well has fallen under the unsuitable category. It reveals from this study that the quality of water is good as far as irrigation is concerned. Suitability of water based on SAR is shown in Fig. 2. The variations of chloride content in SAL wells are shown in Fig.3.

Fig. 3. Chloride content of SAL wells (BIS permissible limit is 1000 ppm) 3.4 Ground Water Modelling

The main purpose of this study is to evolve groundwater development and management

17 strategies for multi-layer aquifer system in the Neyveli Hydro Geological basin taking into consideration the present and future demands of groundwater for drinking, irrigation, and industrial sectors in the region, and to study the possible impacts if any on the water levels, water quality and the overall water balance in the aquifer systems.

The groundwater aquifer system in the study area consists of seven layers depicting four different aquifer systems. The regional groundwater flow model is based on a comprehensive geological and Hydro-geological database including 536 exploration boreholes, more than 10 hydraulic conductivity pumping test results and water levels recorded at approximately 121 monitoring wells. The developed groundwater model provides a reasonable representation of existing conditions and is a useful tool for examining broad questions related to groundwater use in the Neyveli Aquifer System.

Ministry of Environment & Forest (MoE&F), GOI laid down specific condition in the Environmental clearances issued to Mine-IA & Mine-II Expn Open cost projects that NLC’s ground water pumping should be restricted to 149.73 MCM/Annum. NLC is strictly adopting the norms fixed by MoE&F in the ground water pumping. The present total discharge from the basin due to NLC pumping from Mine-I,Mine-IA , Mine-II, Industrial units & township colony is 143.19 MCM /Annum in the year 2012-13 which is well within the stipulated quantum of 149.73 MCM/Annum by MoE&F .

To enhance the lignite production from Neyveli Mines, NLC Ltd has proposed restructuring of lignite production from Mine I and Mine IA. By restructuring of Mine-I and Mine-IA the lignite production capacity is increased from present 13.5 MTPA to 15.0 MTPA. However, any additional ground water pumping will not be required than the present pumpage because both Mine-I and Mine-IA are moving in up dip direction with reduction in pumpage year by year. Even after restructuring of Mine-I & IA ground water pumpage is maintained well within the norms of 149.73MCM/Annum stipulated by MoE&F. As there is no adverse impact on ground water condition in this region and also considering enhancing production of 1.5 MTPA by restructuring of existing mines without additional ground water pumping requirement, the proposal of NLC may favorably considered and recommended to MoE&F for environmental clearance.

To assess the impact of future groundwater pumping and its resultant water balance in the Neyveli hydro-geological groundwater basin, a numerical prototype model has been developed with following goals, namely;

1. Conceptualization of the ground water flow and development of multi-aquifer system, model to simulate the multi-aquifer system.

2. To assess the groundwater balance in each layer of the aquifer system with respect to present pumping levels at the mine location, industries, Neyveli township and irrigation wells.

3. To predict the water balance for the restructured pumping strategies and to compare the results with that of the earlier pumping strategies.

4. To assess the salt water intrusion due to mine pumping as well as other pumping based on worst case scenario analysis.

5. To assess the impact of recharge structure on the water balance of the aquifer system.

Six scenarios of groundwater pumping situations were modeled and simulated to provide insight on groundwater conditions in the Neyveli Aquifer Basin, under various planning options. They are as follows:

 Scenario I: Assuming that the present condition of pumping (industrial, township, agricultural, and mine pumping) continues at same rate upto 2040.  Scenario II: Assuming that the present condition of pumping (industrial, township, agricultural, and mine pumping) continues at same rate upto year 2040. In this scenario additional recharge structures are provided in the basin to enhance the groundwater level  Scenario III: Considering proposed Devangudi mine operation along with existing Mine I, Mine IA, Mine II pumping, and agricultural pumping  Scenario IV: Considering proposed Mine III operation along with existing Mine I, Mine IA, Mine II pumping, and agricultural pumping

 Scenario V: Assuming that the present condition of pumping (industrial, township, agricultural, and mine pumping) continues at same rate upto year 2040. In this scenario additional recharge structures are provided in the basin to enhance the groundwater level  Scenario VI: Salt water intrusion study on maximum pumping including Mine III and Devangudi operation along with existing Mine I, Mine IA, Mine II pumping, and agricultural pumping

The groundwater model was applied to study the impact of regional pumping for various uses on the groundwater conditions given recent levels of groundwater use, and under an alternative water use condition or pumping representing future development of mines as well as the proper planning of its schedules on the existing groundwater capacity. The future case, in comparison to the “recent” case, provides a mechanism for examining the impacts of groundwater pumping on the aquifer and on the region. While pumping and water use vary somewhat from year to year, depending on cropped acreage, crop distribution, weather and water supply conditions, these cases are taken as representative of distinct development conditions and provide a basis for examining aquifer conditions and relationships within the different layers of the aquifer. These scenarios are identified under current situation and can be modified or refined in future scenario evaluations based on actual mine-planning situations.

4.0 CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS

4.1 Conclusions

The following conclusions have been derived from the study on impact due to ground water pumping.

 From the analysis of water level variations, it is inferred that there is significant recharge taking place in the Neyveli groundwater basin during monsoon, thereby replenishing the aquifer as well as controlling the decline of water levels.

 The pressure surface contours in the Mine IA and Mine II reflect that the cone of depression have limited impact in areal extent for 1 to 2 km distance from the centre

of the pumping of each mine. This indicates that the pumping at mine location does not impact beyond the cone of depression radius in a significant manner.

 From the water quality analysis, it is inferred that in the mines and its surrounding region TDS, Chloride, Sodium, Calcium, Magnesium, Bicarbonate and Potassium were found to be well within permissible limits.

 The water quality in two wells near the coastal area exceeds mainly due to the local geological condition of calcareous formation and also due to excessive pumping from SIPCOT industrial estate.

 It is inferred from the water quality anlaysis that more than 75 % (based on TDS) & 96 % (based on SAR) of wells are having excellent and good quality of water for irrigation purpose.

 The developed model reproduces well the flow conditions both in the mines area as well across the region. The match between observed and simulated hydraulic heads is within acceptable precise under dewatering conditions, however the calibration in the coastal area is much improved over the previous model. The developed models can be used as a the regional model for the purpose of simulating flow as well as contaminant (including sea water) transport associated with the future mine development in the Neyveli area.

 Predictive modelling results show that cones of depression in Neyveli basin in each scenario would start developing in the central part of the mine locations. From the results, it was found that the flow from the southern boundary replenishes the aquifer. Irrespective of the year of prediction, thick concentric positive contours can be visualized in the south west of the study area. The movement of positive contour from single aquifer region located south west of Jayamkondam towards North east would act as a source of replenishment and results in aquifer balance leading to the sustainability of the aquifer.

 In all the years of prediction, a common phenomenon that has been observed is the persistence of thick clay along the stretch of Chidambaram demarcates the Neyveli

basin from the coastal line and does not allow the flow to pass through, and this is replicated in the water level contours, where the spread of contours has been restricted very near to the Vellar river stretch in Chidambaram region.

 On the Northern side of the region well above Vanamadevi, the impact of pumping at the mine site is not seen, the water table contour variations may be because the local pumping activity. On the other hand, the storage throughout the year in Perumal Eri controls the flow between Perumal Eri and the coast.

 It is observed for the present pumping strategy, Mine – III may be put into operation from the year 2015 onwards, B-Block may be operated from the year 2020, and Devangudi mine can be started by the year 2025 with minimum pumping for mine operation strategy as the water level contour at the proposed location reaches the lignite bottom.

 Consideration of restructuring pumping at Mine-I and Mine-IA location, it can be stated that water balance in the upper confined aquifer has not been much altered compared to “as_on_today” pumping strategy. The Increased pumping at Mine 1A combined with Mine II pumping at the same periphery facilitates the pressure drop at a faster rate compared to regular pumping strategy. This enhances or favours the start of Mine III operation in the year 2015 with minimum pumping for mine operation as the water level drops well below safe operating level of 8 m above lignite bed at the northern periphery of Mine III location.

 From salt water intrusion modeling, it can be inferred that even for the worst pumping scenario i.e., even at maximum stress of pumping on the aquifer, the groundwater flow from land to sea surface is continuous thereby displacing the sea water interface from intruding into the land surface. Hence it can be concluded that there is no significant sign of salt water intrusion into the aquifer as there is continuous flow of fresh water from aquifer towards the coastal line.

4.2 Recommendations

Based on this modeling study, the following are made for possible implementation in the future mine planning & operation.

 In the regional model, the boundary conditions are based on the actual field data of a few observation wells. It is recommended that adequate number of observation wells may be made in the boundary area, especially to monitor the water fluctuations both in upper-confined and lower-confined aquifers. Similarly, due to lack of adequate measured data on water level fluctuations in the coastal area, a constant head was used to simulate sea-side boundary and observation wells may be required to delineate the sharp interface as well as for estimation of flux.

 Regional hydro-geological studies on a regular basis (once in 5 years) covering all available observation wells in confined aquifer and dug wells should be continued by NLC. For the observation wells and dug wells suitable provision should be made for their replacement in case of collapse of wells. Such regional studies over a period would positively help in the prediction of ground water model from time to time. In addition number of old wells which can be brought to use through the well development techniques to have an effective use of all data.

 Suitable mine specific optimization model may be developed taking into account the mine movement patterns / plans and the resulting real-time optimization model may be run to get more realistic optimal pumping strategies, confining to the mine area and its environs, to derive the optimal pumping strategies for all mines.

 It is high time that NLC needs to plan for the creation of many water harvesting structures in the identified recharge areas and a scientific and quantitative assessment of impact both in terms of recharge to the confined aquifers as well as the additional stress of pumping (if required) needs to be studied. This will

enable the NLC to carry forward the mission on preserving the environment while development works are not hampered.

The regional three-dimensional flow model presented in this report can be considered as a “living tool”, subject to improvements of both the conceptual and numerical parts, as information continues to be collected in coming years. In its current status, the model encompasses a large area, simulating groundwater flow on a more regional scale to obtain, as far as practical, unbiased predictions due to assumed boundary conditions. Although the model covers a large surface area, the model grid is sufficiently refined within the areas of interest to provide reasonable estimates of flow directions and volumes. The groundwater model may be updated and refined as additional information is obtained. Focused data investigations may be particularly useful for improved assessment of specific management scenarios or improved understanding of localized conditions.

ANNEXURE- VII-A

Ground Water Monitoring Report- Neyveli Ground water basin- June-2015

Regional Ground Water Scenario: Ground water from confined aquifer is being pumped out in NLC mines for safe mining operations and at the same time to meet the water requirement for TPS and township. The other sources of ground water pumping from Neyveli ground water basin are water supply in the villages, irrigation and industrial uses by other agencies specifically in the coastal area the hydrological aspects of ground water in the mining areas are influenced by the general hydrodynamics of the Neyveli ground water basin. Therefore, the regional impact of pumping has been studied in detail for planning the ground water extraction in NLC mines within the recharge potential.

Ariel Extent of Monitoring Activities: For monitoring the possible impact due to ground water pumping in NLC Mine and by other agencies, in view of the prime importance to maintain environmental balance, a regional ground water monitoring cell (Regional Geology) was formed in the year 1988. For the purpose of understanding the ground water conditions in the Neyveli basin, a close and regular field monitoring of water table as well as confined aquifer conditions are being carried out systematically covering an area of around 3500 sq. kms.

Meteorological data collection The hydro-meteorological station located North of Corporate Office building was equipped with fully automatic digital recorder where wind speed, wind direction, pressure, temperature, relative humidity, radiation and rainfall data is being recorded continuously. The data recorded during the monitoring period is very useful for interpretation of base line information as well as for input to predictive models.

Collection of Rainfall Particulars: Since the rainfall constitutes the main recharge component for the ground water management studies, the rainfall details from as many measuring stations available in the area are being collected. These includes Rainfall stations at Panruti, Vridhachalam, CARD, Ulundurpet, Mine-I, Mine-IA, Mine-II, Pelandurai, Srimushnam, Sethiyathope, Kattumanarkoil, Chidambaram, Jayakondacholapuram and Neyeli-Block-1.

The year wise rainfall details for the last 10 years recorded in the above stations is furnished in the Table-I.

Regional ground water level monitoring: A network of piezometers was established by NLC in consultation with Central Ground Water Board (CGWB), GOI in the Neyveli region. NLC and CGWB have jointly devised the regional ground water monitoring strategy for all aquifers existing in this area both quantitatively and qualitatively which includes construction of piezometers, water level measurement, water sample collection and analyzing the samples etc., About 57 piezometers wells have been established by NLC for monitoring confined aquifer water levels in the region. In addition NLC is also monitoring about 60 wells established by CGWB and evaluating the hydrological condition of the basin regularly.

The number of piezometers monitored in the Neyveli basin is given in the table below:

Aquifer type No of Well Depth Type of formation piezometers in m monitored wells Phreatic 138 10 to 50 Recent & Tertiary (water table) Confined 106 120 to 450 Tertiary

Semi confined 14 10 to 120 Tertiary

4 Above 450 Tertiary

The dug well and tube well location plan are given in Figure No-1 & 2 respectively.

The details of the dug well & tube well with water level recorded from the month from January’2015 to May’2015 is given in the Table-II & III.

Systematic and periodical monitoring is also effected and the data is being processed and carefully studied. In addition a few deep observation wells have been established between the sea coast and Neyveli region with an objective to carefully study the changes in water quality to monitor ground water mineralization if any due to sea water intrusion in the aquifer.

Qualitative Measurements Water samples are collected periodically from selected strategic locations (spread over the entire area). In 31 dug wells and 10 confined aquifer wells located at strategic locations along the coast are being monitored season wise. Water samples collected from the wells are analysed for physical and chemical parameters at NLC CARD lab. The results the analysis received from CARD is enclosed in appendix - I & II

The water quality analysis of samples collected from deeper confined aquifer bore wells and dug wells located in the coast to Neyveli confirm that there is no saline water ingression and all the parameters are well within the permissible limit of BIS standards.

These studies have clearly revealed that so far there is no indication of any salt water intrusion or any other adverse impact consequent to pumping in the coastal area. The graph showing trend of water quality parameters of chloride, TDS and conductivity for the last 10years is given figure No: 3, 4 &5 for reference. All the parameters are found to be well within the BIS permissible limits. The water level and water quality analysis of coastal observation wells are being monitored by NLC and data/results is furnished to CGWB & MoE&F periodically. ------

TABLE:-I YEAR WISE- RAINFALL DATA Sl Rainfall stations 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 NO 1 Ullundurpettai 1512.80 1041.00 326.00 NA 1154.00 1405.00 1233.00 839.00 773.20 1113.50 2 Chidambaram 1939.00 1696.00 1528.00 2290.70 1563.00 1476.00 1593.20 951.40 1083.26 1002.90 3 Sethiathope 1954.00 1690.00 1578.00 1895.00 1372.00 1561.00 1545.00 977.50 1153.60 1382.60 4 Kattumanarkoil 2265.00 1542.00 1440.00 2072.00 1366.50 1532.40 1231.90 837.10 1000.90 1085.80 5 Panruti 2226.00 1715.70 1312.00 1167.60 912.20 1719.60 1495.20 841.60 1015.00 1378.50 6 Virdachallam TK 1748.46 1005.30 1138.10 1465.40 1293.20 1802.20 1824.40 1008.40 1369.90 945.90 7 Pelandurai 1699.00 1225.00 1070.50 1579.00 1316.00 1391.00 2150.40 NA NA NA 8 Srimushnam 1689.50 1210.00 1050.30 1308.50 796.00 901.00 953.00 NA NA NA 9 Jayamkondam 1404.40 796.60 1129.00 1200.80 1072.00 1386.00 1406.00 NA NA 1069.00 10 Mine-I 1365.70 911.50 1160.00 1718.00 1216.00 2057.00 1867.80 849.30 1302.05 1367.50 11 Mine-IA 1590.25 1126.65 1378.00 1834.50 1445.00 1823.00 1671.00 708.00 1132.50 1361.50 12 Mine-II 2010.60 1390.40 1754.80 2112.50 1490.50 1733.80 1897.20 989.40 1295.00 1366.00 13 Block-1 1788.90 914.50 1482.40 1651.10 1317.00 1892.10 1299.30 797.60 887.30 1185.10 14 Card 1649.00 1004.40 1243.80 1684.20 1224.60 1902.10 716.60 758.10 1068.00 1112.10

Dug well Water Level Data January-2015 to May-2015 Table-II Sl. Well well Depth RL at MP* May- Locations Jan-15 Feb-15 Mar-15 Apr-15 no No. in meters (Meters) 15 1 D-12 ABATHANABURAM 21.00 +43.70 4.80 7.10 9.43 9.80 8.30 2 AADUR AGARAM CHERIi-W 9.42 +10.20 1.70 1.70 1.80 1.90 1.70 3 AGARAM RAILWAY GATE 17.00 +4.60 2.80 1.92 2.36 2.65 2.70 4 AGARAM ROAD SIDE 8.00 +79.25 2.20 2.10 2.25 2.70 2.65 (south of Azhagapuram) 5 ANDIMADAM 19.80 +63.60 7.10 7.00 7.70 7.10 6.80 6 A.PUDUR 19.90 +67.60 7.60 8.00 9.20 9.30 9.65 7 ARASAKUZHI CHURCH 9.10 +46.50 3.50 3.15 2.22 1.70 1.90 8 AYYANPPANACKEN PETTAI 12.30 +32.40 3.00 2.90 3.80 4.05 3.90 9 AYYUR 9.50 +75.00 7.00 6.50 7.80 8.20 7.90 10 AZHAGAPURAM 8.40 +65.90 2.00 2.10 3.00 3.80 3.60 11 BATHRAKOTTAI 14.40 +54.54 3.40 4.80 5.70 6.30 6.60 12 D-06 Bl-9-RAGHAVENDRA KOVIL 15.00 +62.00 12.05 13.35 13.23 12.40 12.50 13 Bl-24 CHRUCH 22.00 +57.18 10.50 11.50 11.05 10.20 10.50 14 Bl-27 PERUMAL KOIL 11.90 +66.23 4.75 5.50 6.40 7.00 7.50 15 D-05 Bl-28 MARIAMMAN KOVIL 16.25 +64.01 3.60 3.98 4.27 4.55 4.00 16 Bl-27 MURUGAN KOIL 18.15 +66.33 4.32 4.80 5.80 6.45 7.35 17 Block-2 SATHSANGAM 24.00 +68.00 12.05 13.05 12.44 12.88 14.37 18 B.MUTLUR MOSQUE 6.00 +4.80 4.10 2.70 2.80 3.40 3.90 19 B.MUTLUR SIVAN KOIL 6.00 +4.00 3.40 2.00 2.40 2.80 3.10 20 CHOCKALINGAPURAM 13.00 +26.20 9.59 11.08 11.20 8.72 9.00 21 D-24 CHIDAMBARAM KOIL 11.20 9.74 10.52 10.70 10.50 9.80 10.00 22 CHATHRAM KOIL 21.00 50 11.50 16.52 17.35 17.90 17.10 23 CHINNAVALAYM 12.00 +48.00 8.25 9.25 9.30 9.30 8.00 24 CHOLANKURICHI 8.00 +60.00 2.50 1.90 1.95 2.40 2.00 25 D-01 CUDDALORE 8.15 +6.28 4.80 4.50 5.00 5.90 5.20 26 DHARMASAMUDRAM 12.15 +36.50 4.25 5.30 5.00 3.40 4.00 27 EDAKUPPAM 12.40 +57.35 5.03 5.55 5.60 6.25 5.40 28 D-26 GANGAIGONDA 6.80 +26.00 2.15 2.59 3.10 3.11 3.12 CHOLAPURAM 29 GOPURAPURAM 11.75 +55.97 2.03 2.90 3.60 3.60 3.40 30 ILLAIYUR 9.00 +67.30 3.70 5.00 4.60 5.00 6.30 31 IRUSALAKUPPAM 12.33 +46.47 2.47 3.75 4.60 4 4.70 32 D-25 JAYAMKONDAM 15.80 +57.65 2.55 4.40 4.2 3.80 3.62 33 KACHIPERUMAL 9.00 +75.00 5.00 4.80 4.90 5.05 5.00 34 KACHIRAYANATHAM 20.00 +74.00 6.20 7.55 11.40 10.3 10.60 35 KAIKILAIKUPPAM 12.50 +73.50 6.80 7.90 9.10 9.60 9.50 36 KAPPANKULAM 10.20 +73.50 3.60 4.50 5.10 5.60 5.00 37 KANGEYAN KUPPAM 14.25 +94.00 4.30 5.50 6.70 6.50 6.00 38 KANKULI 5.00 +70.00 4.00 4.20 4.50 4.42 5.00 39 D-13 KARUNKUZHI 18.70 +22.19 2.40 2.55 3.70 3.80 3.60 40 KATTUMANARKOIL 8.20 +15.75 2.20 1.90 2.00 2.40 2.40 41 KATTUKUPPAM 6.00 +9.00 1.65 2.30 3.00 2.80 3.10 42 D-20 KAVARAPALAYAM 19.00 +67.85 5.31 7.05 7.10 7.15 6.80 43 D-22 KONDASAMUDRAM 7.80 +26.80 2.33 2.65 2.25 2.35 2.55 44 KOLLIRRUPU 12.00 +72.43 3.45 4.90 4.80 5.55 4.90 8

45 KOTHAVACHERY 5.50 +7.47 2.25 2.70 3.00 3.20 2.70 46 KOOVAGAM 6.50 +88.00 4.50 4.00 5.00 5.45 5.20 47 KOPOOVANUR 6.00 53.80 2.50 3.50 3.20 3.45 4.50 48 KOVILVALKAI 23.10 +36.00 5.00 5.10 5.40 4.80 4.70 49 KRISHNAPURAM 8.00 +9.70 1.60 1.50 1.90 1.80 1.70 50 D-08 KULLANCHAVADI 10.40 +15.74 4.50 4.30 4.90 5.25 5.85 51 KOLLUKARANKUTTAI 30.00 +86.00 12.50 18.90 18.00 18.10 15.90 52 KUMARATCHI 6.80 +8.48 2.40 2.00 3.65 3.00 2.90 53 KUMANANKUZHI 24.00 +80.80 2.30 2.00 2.40 2.10 2.00 54 D-18 KUNAMKURICHI FIELD 6.00 +45.90 1.65 2.00 2.05 2.45 2.70 55 KURINJIPADI PWD 9.12 +22.90 2.05 3.15 5.15 5.80 5.97 56 KURAVANPET 9.00 +18.50 6.00 6.60 7.40 6.50 6.05 57 D-21 KUZHAI 8.50 +42.27 2.50 2.30 4.10 4.00 3.90 58 D-30 MADANAGOPALAPURAM 12.00 +52.00 7.20 8.50 9.30 9.60 9.15 59 MARUTHUR 6.95 +9.80 3.20 3.20 3.90 3.40 3.00 60 MANJAKUPPAM 10.00 8.42 6.03 4.15 4.70 4.00 5.00 61 D-14 MEENASHIPETTAI 11.50 +29.90 6.95 9.00 9.45 10.70 11.00 62 MEENSURITI 12.00 +22.91 5.85 9.60 9.60 10.33 9.00 63 MELAKUPPAM 16.45 +61.90 3.40 3.75 4.15 4.60 4.80 64 MELNADUVAI 8.00 +61.00 6.40 6.30 6.70 6.40 6.80 65 MELKUDIRRUPU 14.50 +57.65 2.00 2.68 3.20 3.40 3.05 66 MELMANAKUDI 7.65 +7.60 1.75 2.00 2.40 2.34 2.60 67 MELPUDUPETAI 6.85 +11.35 1.65 1.90 2.30 2.60 2.70 68 MERKIRRUPU 20.00 +88.00 9.61 10.60 10.40 10.50 10.10 69 MELUR 9.50 +88.00 2.90 3.63 4.70 3.54 4.00 70 METTUKUPPAM 8.30 +31.80 1.12 1.54 1.70 1.90 2.40 71 MUTHANDIKUPPAM 16.00 +88.46 9.20 10.40 11.05 11.40 10.00 72 D-04 NADUVEERAPATTU 14.35 +26.56 7.90 9.50 9.40 11.45 11.20 73 NARASINGANPALAYAM 11.80 +33.00 2.05 2.50 2.90 2.40 2.90 74 NAINARKUPPAM 9.20 +45.00 3.30 3.80 4.80 5.25 4.20 75 ORATHUR 7.50 +10.30 4.85 4.55 4.00 5.90 4.80 76 OTTANDIKUPPAM 9.85 +30.67 2.60 3.00 3.80 3.20 3.00 77 PADANILAI 9.70 +27.25 2.90 2.24 2.00 1.95 2.10 78 PALANJANALLUR 10.00 +19.50 2.20 1.55 2.00 4.00 3.80 79 D-02 PALAKOLLAI 13.60 +83.30 4.61 5.85 5.25 4.35 3.50 80 PAPAKUDI 8.00 +27.00 2.60 2.55 2.40 3.40 3.00 81 PERIYA KANGNAKUPPAM 8.15 +8.42 7.10 3.20 3.95 4.10 3.40 82 PERIYAKANNADI 6.00 +16.20 2.40 2.65 2.90 2.90 3.00 83 PERIYAKRISHNAPURAM 11.20 +43.00 4.00 4.75 4.80 5.2 6.10 84 PERIYAKURICHI 7.00 +32.00 3.10 3.15 3.40 4.05 4.25 85 PERPERIYANKUPPAM 15.50 +96.92 7.15 7.15 8.20 8.25 7.50 86 PORTONOVA JAIL 8.00 +3.70 2.00 2.10 2.60 2.75 2.10 87 PORTONOVA KOIL 6.00 +2.79 1.20 1.30 1.55 1.80 1.55 88 D-28 PUDUKOORIPETTAI 16.35 +56.50 10.00 10.20 11.50 10.50 10.40 89 PUDUPALAYAM 15.15 +64.60 5.20 6.79 7.60 8.10 7.70 90 D-09 RAMANATHANKUPPAM 8.45 +15.80 1.95 2.00 2.05 2.40 2.50 91 RAMAPURAM-Kannur 8.25 +48.00 4.25 6.30 6.75 6.90 7.30 92 REDDIPALAYAM 11.70 +38.50 3.00 1.92 0.90 1.70 1.80

93 REDDICHAVADI 10.00 +4.80 3.50 3.00 3.90 3.40 3.60 94 SAMANTHAM 4.35 +5.00 1.60 1.65 2.30 2.00 2.20 95 SANARAPALAYAM 13.40 +43.75 2.26 2.90 2.50 2.40 3.00 96 SATHAMANGALAM 5.80 +12.10 2.20 2.30 3.30 3.00 3.30 97 D-03 SATTIPATTU 15.60 +42.00 14.80 9.37 14.31 13.85 15.00 98 SENGUNTHAPURAM 8.00 +69.09 4.25 6.60 7.80 7.00 7.35 99 SEPLANATHAM 6.00 +29.75 1.31 1.43 1.50 1.70 1.60 100 SEERAKUPPAM RICE MILL 19.20 +31.80 2.36 4.15 4.00 3.50 3.90 101 SERAKUPPAM 13.80 +32.39 4.20 4.90 5.30 5.20 4.90 102 SETHIYATHOPE 7.80 +14.96 5.40 4.60 3.50 4.50 5.00 103 SILAL RICE MILL 6.00 +37.70 3.00 2.40 2.40 3.40 2.00 104 D-31 SILAMBINATHANPETTAI 21.00 +66.43 6.90 8.20 8.70 8.80 8.70 105 SIVAYAM 6.00 +10.00 1.65 1.80 1.70 2.00 2.50 106 D-23 SOLATHARAM 6.00 +20.75 3.80 2.77 1.85 2.30 2.25 107 D-19 SRIMUSHNAM 9.70 +38.50 3.10 3.40 3.00 3.20 3.30 108 SURAKUZHI 14.00 +71.75 6.60 7.00 6.00 7.15 6.50 109 SURIYAMANAL 9.00 +72.00 4.20 6.21 7.10 6.8 6.52 110 TENNUR-PWD 22.60 +53.75 4.45 6.65 7.10 6.90 7.40 111 TENNUR-WEST 24.00 +53.00 5.00 6.10 6.40 6.10 6.60 112 THAIYALKUNAMPATTINAM 9.30 +22.20 1.85 2.18 3.05 3.02 3.20 113 THEERTHANAGIRI 9.90 +7.30 1.70 2.40 2.70 3.50 3.80 114 THIRICHOPURAM 8.00 +3.50 4.45 4.70 4.90 6.00 6.15 115 TIRUVENDIPURAM (UP)-80 10.00 +19.00 4.00 4.80 5.30 4.9 5.20 116 THIRUVALLUVAR NAGAR 6.00 +30.00 1.10 1.23 1.10 1.40 1.50 117 THIRUNARAIYUR 6.30 +7.00 3.42 5.60 5.00 4.90 5.60 118 THERKUVELLUR 8.35 +45.00 2.70 3.08 3.24 3.60 3.95 119 D-17 T.PALAYAM 10.10 +22.90 1.90 2.10 2.25 2.50 1.90 120 T.PAZHUR 9.00 +30.00 7.00 7.42 7.40 6.57 6.80 121 UDAYARPALAYAM 8.00 +78.00 4.60 4.00 4.65 3.90 4.10 122 D-07 VADAKUTHU 20.00 +48.28 5.71 6.65 6.90 13.30 12.00 123 VADALUR RAILWAY STN 14.25 +42.50 3.44 4.80 7.05 6.80 6.80 124 D-11 VADALUR SABAI 13.00 +39.24 2.78 3.10 5.25 4.70 4.80 125 VANATHIRAYAPURAM 9.00 +45.00 2.60 3.54 4.23 4.23 3.50 126 VALISPETTAI 11.90 +42.80 2.30 3.45 4.20 4.40 4.70 127 VALLAM 8.50 +86.85 4.00 3.80 5.10 4.80 4.00 128 VARIYANKAVAL 7.00 +71.00 2.80 2.90 4.20 3.90 4.00 129 D-29 VEERASINGAKUPPAM 13.90 +93.00 9.70 9.95 10.40 10.30 9.00 130 VEGAKOLLAI 15.00 +67.00 9.50 10.20 11.00 11.05 10.00 131 D-27 VENKARUMBUR 15.00 +40.60 12.20 12.10 12.70 12.95 11.50 132 D-16 VEPANKURICHI 6.00 +25.90 1.55 1.50 1.95 2.80 2.75 133 VILANDAIAGARAM 10.45 +56.80 2.80 2.90 2.90 4.10 3.50 134 VILANDI ANDIMADAM 14.60 +60.00 4.50 5.60 7.70 6.80 5.00 135 D-15 VILLIYANALLUR 4.75 +5.50 2.00 2.65 2.50 3.30 2.00 136 VILLIYANALLUR- KOIL 8.00 +8.00 5.70 5.80 6.20 4.20 5.20 137 D-10 VIRDHACHALAM HOUSE 9.00 +40.60 3.40 3.90 6.50 5.20 5.70 138 VIZHAPALLAM 9.50 +36.00 5.00 2.80 2.98 3.43 3.00

Tube well Water Level Data January-2015 to May-2015 Table-III Bottom SL slot Cased RL at Feb- no Well ID Location Depth Depth depth MP Jan-15 15 Mar-15 Apr-15 May-15

1 NR0/7A Veeredikuppam 140.00 138.00 140.00 77.00 97.58 98.20 98.00 98.20 38.00

2 NRO-9A TV.Puthur 150.00 135.60 137.60 35.00 28.70 28.90 28.70 29.93 28.00

3 NRO-15A Sozhatharam 207.00 194.00 196.00 20.80 41.15 44.63 46.00 46.30 46.90 TS-II-Outside compund 4 MI-31A wall 162.00 161.50 163.50 45.00 83.00 84.77 85.20 85.30 85.40

5 MI-31B TS-II-Inside 160.00 154.00 156.00 45.00 88.30 88.33 88.85 89.00 89.20

6 MI-35A Vanathirayapuram 160.00 149.00 151.00 45.00 87.20 88.50 88.70 88.00 89.20

7 MIII-48 Erumboor 207.00 204.00 206.00 15.42 50.00 50.05 51.00 52.20 52.70

8 SV-30A Kavalkudi 175.00 171.00 173.00 17.87 52.55 52.00 49.20 49.75 53.95

9 SV-32 Kuzhai 159.00 153.00 155.00 39.84 67.72 61.27 64.1 65 67.68

10 SV-40A Sattavattam 175.00 171.00 173.00 22.00 35.20 39.85 50.20 53 58.00

11 NLE-11 U.Aadhanur 170.00 139.25 141.25 19.70 56.79 57.60 60.66 61.00 64.00

12 HS-II/1 Arasakuzhi 123.00 118.00 120.00 45.00 71.70 71.88 72.15 72.60 72.54

13 HS-II/6 Alichikudi 84.00 80.00 82.00 42.00 15.40 18.00 15.00 16.00 16.60 110.0 14 HS-II/7 Irruppu 170.00 165.00 167.00 92.00 109.90 0 110.20 110.5 110.75

15 HS-II/8 Kotteri 132.00 131.00 133.00 81.00 53.40 53.60 53.80 53.9 54.37

16 HS-III/1 Kammapuram 181.00 176.00 178.00 21.50 49.85 48.90 47.50 48.15 57.30

17 HS-III/5` Sottavanam 165.00 160.00 162.00 30.00 43.75 44.03 45.00 45.5 46.10

18 CGWB-1A Mangalm-pw 475.00 470.00 472.00 8.70 19.31 20 21.90 21.7 22.12

19 CGWB-1B Mangalm-Ew 450.00 462.00 464.00 8.70 19.33 20.3 23 21.5 22.70

20 CGWB-1C Mangalam-PZ-I 487.00 480.00 482.00 8.70 15.04 15.03 15.05 15.2 15.40

21 CGWB-1D Mangalam-PZ-II 269.50 260.00 262.00 8.70 15.95 16 16.32 16.4 16.60

22 CGWB-1E Mangalam-PZ-III 150.00 142.00 144.00 8.70 22.31 23 25.30 25.8 25.60

23 CGWB-1F Mangalam-PZ-IV 108.00 102.00 104.00 8.70 23.93 24 24.70 25 25.15

24 CGWB-4 Nellikuppam 293.10 194.00 196.00 16.38 20.40 22.00 23.50 23.9 25.03

25 CGWB-6 Panruti -(3001) 300.50 290.00 292.00 27.60 Well Choked

26 CGWB-7 Kudikadu-east 200.00 142.00 144.00 6.10 17.00 17.20 17.52 17.60 17.65

27 CGWB-8 Kudikadu-West 39.00 34.00 36.00 6.08 6.00 6.20 6.40 6.60 6.8

28 CGWB-9A Maruthur pumpwell 540.00 530.00 532.00 9.50 31.50 31.75 31.20 31.5 31.50 Maruthur-Piezometer- 29 CGWB-9B I 55.00 52.00 54.00 9.50 5.76 4.60 5.30 5.45 5.40 Maruthur-Piezometer- 30 CGWB-9C IV 258.00 250.00 252.00 9.50 41.92 42.15 42.10 42 42.20 11

Maruthur-Piezometer- 31 CGWB-9D II 152.00 150.00 152.00 9.50 26.21 26.35 26.12 25.89 26.00

32 CGWB-12A Srimushnam-east 309.00 290.00 292.00 32.60 34.05 35.40 39.60 41 44.07

33 CGWB-12B Srimushnam-West east 611.00 299.00 301.00 32.60 33.00 39.60 44.07 39.60 43

34 CGWB-10 Sethiyathope 457.20 450.00 452.00 15.00 23.37 23.50 22.00 23.10 23.90

35 CGWB-13 Virdhachalam-south 180.00 172.00 174.00 43.50 37.40 37.10 37.5 37.46 37.76

36 CGWB-15 Parangipettai-West 430.00 426.00 428.00 3.40 10.50 17.25 17.20 17.20 17.22

37 CGWB-16 Padanilai 300.00 292.00 294.00 28.25 29.00 48.77 43.00 45 51.52

38 CGWB-18A Manjakuppam east 200.00 190.00 192.00 6.50 14.30 15.00 17.80 18.2 19.50

39 CGWB-18B Manjakuppam west 300.00 292.00 294.00 6.50 14.51 15.60 18.10 18.2 19.35

40 CGWB-19 Vengatanpettai 300.00 220.00 222.00 45.70 46.30 65.30 74.10 77.85 68

41 CGWB-20A Thirtanagiri-North 300.00 292.00 294.00 7.50 30.62 29.02 34.70 39.95 44.2

42 CGWB-20B Thirtanagiri-Middle 200.00 190.00 192.00 7.50 4.65 9.00 12.95 15.85 15.35

43 CGWB-20C Thirtanagiri-South 100.00 92.00 94.00 7.50 22.60 19.37 19.60 21.25 24.2

44 CGWB-21A Mahimaipuram-Ex 450.00 376.00 378.00 48.50 55.59 56.95 57.95 58.35 58.35

45 CGWB-21B Mahimaipuram-OW-I 316.00 283.00 285.00 48.50 59.00 59.00 59.00 59.00 60

46 CGWB-21C Mahimaipuram-OW-II 120.00 112.00 114.00 48.50 32.04 32.85 32.90 33.00 33.1 Gangaikonda 47 CGWB-15A cholapuram EW 445.00 405.00 407.00 26.00 13.91 19.92 23.25 24.09 25.04 Gangaikonda 48 CGWB-15B cholapuram-ow-I 100.00 90.00 92.00 26.00 13.68 19.92 23.2 23.9 24.19 Gangaikonda 49 CGWB-15C cholapuram-ow-2 200.00 190.00 192.00 26.00 23.78 28.21 30.85 31 32.12

50 CGWB-25A Olaiyur-II 300.00 292.00 294.00 50.00 48.75 49.95 48.00 50.83 50

51 CGWB-25B Olaiyur-I 300.00 290.00 292.00 50.00 49.50 49.75 49.00 50.57 50

52 CGWB-25C Olaiyur-EW 300.00 294.00 296.00 50.00 48.10 50.10 50.09 50.92 50.21

53 CGWB-26A Koovagam-w 233.00 226.00 228.00 80.00 70.00 70.35 71.40 71.85 71.34

54 CGWB-26B Koovagam-E 220.00 226.00 228.00 80.00 69.44 70.10 70.20 67.50 69.00

55 CGWB-27A Palayamkottai-Ow-I 300.00 292.00 294.00 27.00 56.00 56.60 59.77 60.45 63.37

56 CGWB-27B Palayamkottai-M 300.00 292.00 294.00 27.00 43.00 44.20 42.60 43.05 43.54

57 CGWB-27C Palayamkottai-Ow-II 300.00 292.00 294.00 27.00 57.00 57.45 62.75 61.90 66.76

58 CGWB-28B Uzhavar sandai-M 450.00 380.00 382.00 45.00 75.50 76.10 76.00 76.05 76.27

59 CGWB-28C Uzhavar sandai-W 300.00 290.00 292.00 45.00 5.30 7.65 6.00 8.20 10.10

60 CGWB-29A Keeranur-OW-I 275.00 259.00 261.00 20.00 40.00 41.50 42.00 42.09 42.20

61 CGWB-29B Keeranur-EW 270.00 262.00 264.00 20.00 43.25 42.75 45.00 47.00 48.60

62 CGWB-29C Keeranur-OW-II 270.00 264.00 266.00 20.00 43.35 44.95 45.00 45.10 45.20

63 CGWB-30A Semakottai-N 203.00 195.00 197.00 33.00 26.00 46.80 47.00 47.05 47.30

64 CGWB-30B Semakottai-S 200.00 190.00 192.00 33.00 28.83 46.75 46.90 48.00 49.63

65 CGWB-31A Marungur-South 195.00 189.00 191.00 86.00 99.60 99.80 103.35 103.90 104.60 106.3 66 CGWB-31B Marungur-North 199.70 186.00 188.00 86.00 105.70 2 107.05 106.59 107.03 67 CGWB-35A Parathur-N 400.00 385.00 387.00 11.10 15.00 41.50 42.43 31.40 32.85

68 CGWB-35B Parathur-M 282.25 247.00 249.00 11.10 25.00 41.35 41.60 42.50 43.95

69 CGWB-35C Parathur-S 200.00 193.00 195.00 11.10 15.00 37.75 37.26 37.15 39.05

70 CGWB-33A Irrupu-N 377.20 202.00 204.00 94.00 50.30 53.98 60.00 60.10 60.05 110.0 71 CGWB-33B Irrupu-S 63.50 55.00 57.00 94.00 109.80 4 108.85 108.50 109.10

72 CGWB-34-A Kattiyankuppam-N 400.00 390.00 392.00 21.00 49.55 67.87 76.75 81.23 76.51

73 CGWB-34B Kattiyankuppam-M 279.00 274.00 276.00 21.00 54.90 65.90 70.00 85.10 78.10

74 CGWB-34C Kattiyankuppam-S 200.00 192.00 194.00 21.00 54.75 60.90 70.04 76.05 77.17

75 CGWB-22A Kavarapalayam-OW-I 385.20 360.00 362.00 67.40 67.50 74.84 75.40 75.00 75.10

76 CGWB-22B Kavarapalayam-OW-II 105.00 97.00 99.00 67.40 68.00 75.37 75.77 70.50 70.84

77 CGWB-36A Ramapuram-N 200.00 188.00 190.00 32.75 33.42 34.98 38.71 40.71 41.53

78 CGWB-36B Ramapuram-S 137.00 132.00 134.00 32.75 32.28 53.59 66.10 69.70 69.43

79 CGWB-37 Thiyalkunampattinam 200.00 190.00 192.00 22.00 28.81 28.57 31.75 35.20 35.76

80 CGWB-38 Kothandaramapuram 200.00 190.00 192.00 20.00 33.00 33.95 35.00 40.30 40.90

81 CGWB-39A Pacharapalayam-East 200.00 190.00 192.00 39.00 68.25 70.62 71.40 71.60 71.32

82 CGWB-39B Pacharapalayam-west 200.00 190.00 192.00 39.00 68.70 70.65 71.46 71.60 71.30

83 CGWB-40 Vanathiyarayam 300.00 290.00 292.00 42.00 21.50 22.26 25.95 25.80 26.30

84 CGWB-41 Siruthondamadevi 200.00 190.00 192.00 70.00 84.00 84.00 85.05 85.36 85.30

85 JK/133 Kallathur(South) 151.00 137.00 139.00 50.98 55.13 58.60 59.65 56.00 58.86

86 JK/136 Pudukudi 135.00 123.00 125.00 52.14 47.37 48.82 49.30 47.00 48.62

87 JHS-3 Melur LC pump well 172.00 171.50 173.50 53.00 43.45 44.40 44.90 44.30 44.65

88 JHS-4 Vizhapallam 170.00 156.00 158.00 36.00 44.81 51.63 54.00 47.30 48.12

89 JHS-5 Vizhapallam 140.00 139.00 141.00 36.00 45.54 54.00 55.00 52.00 51.36

90 JHS-7 Senguntapuram 171.00 167.50 169.50 71.00 65.65 68.55 69.86 68.00 68.65

91 JHS-8 Senguntapuram 132.00 131.60 133.60 71.00 67.00 72.85 73.83 72.00 72.14

92 JHS-11 Pudukudi 174.00 171.00 173.00 53.00 51.26 55.00 55.80 55.40 55.95

93 TS-II/OB-II TS-II Artificial recharge 127.00 124.00 126.00 45.00 86.00 86.05 86.30 86.35 86.6

94 X0/34 Block-4 181.00 178.00 180.00 67.10 93.11 93.58 93.63 93.2 93.80 101.0 95 RO/13A Block-7 150.00 147.00 149.00 76.00 100.70 0 100.98 101 101.70

96 CST-2 Malligampattu 138.00 128.00 130.00 59.00 73.75 73.75 73.90 74.10 74.23

97 GWP-1 Komathanmedu 100.00 92.00 94.00 8.00 3.84 4.00 4.50 5.3 6.40

98 GWP-2 Manapattu 100.00 92.00 94.00 9.00 4.74 4.90 6.00 5.8 6.30

99 GWP-3 Pannithittu 100.00 92.00 94.00 9.00 3.90 4.00 4.20 4.30 4.35

100 GWP-4 Reddichavadi 100.00 92.00 94.00 9.00 6.25 6.30 6.70 6.85 6.90

101 GWP-5 Kirumampakkam 100.00 92.00 94.00 9.00 15.16 18.00 20.00 18.30 17.5

102 GWP-6 Arachikuppam 100.00 92.00 94.00 9.00 4.54 4.80 5.20 5.30 5.6

103 SAL-8C Mettupalayam 300 291 293 5.75 19.82 17.20 18.05 19.46 21.60

104 SAL-9 Ramanathankuppam 277.00 276.00 277.00 15.60 39.04 38.52 41.70 44.90 47.60

105 SAL-11A Kattusagipuliyur 300.00 275.00 277.00 43.45 53.90 53.89 58.00 57.35 58.40

106 SAL-11B Kattusagipuliyur 195.00 167.00 169.00 43.45 49.00 63.79 71.00 74.75 75.00

107 SAL-12 Rajakuppam 301.00 286.00 288.00 15.80 29.50 24.00 25.00 26.80 26.75

108 SAL-14 Murugampakkam 300.00 260.00 262.00 6.27 13.25 14.00 15.75 15.50 16.20

109 SAL-15 Villiyanur 300.00 131.00 133.00 8.00 17.07 18.00 20.55 20.50 20.50

110 SAL-16 Thukkambakkam 300.50 261.00 263.00 13.70 26.08 25.00 28.75 30.50 29.00

111 SAL-18 Athiyanallur 302.00 295.00 297.00 5.00 5.50 4.50 3.90 4.00 4.80

112 SAL-20 Thondamanatham 250.20 249.00 251.00 21.00 25.00 28.65 30.70 32.00 33.00

113 SAL-22 Madhanagopalapuram 241.60 217.00 219.00 46.00 48.53 66.17 71.20 67.77

114 SAL-23 T.Palayam 250.00 245.00 247.00 23.00 61.00 63.00 68.90 65.00 67.50

115 SAL-24 Thiyalkunampatinam 260.00 257.00 259.00 21.94 40.33 42.82 44.60 47.00 46.90

116 SAL-25 Trichopuram 296.00 224.00 226.00 6.50 19.88 18.61 18.60 19.00 20.00

117 SAL-27 S.Pudur 250.50 240.00 242.00 32.00 41.00 44.50 44.50 44.90 45.00

118 SAL-28 Poochimedu 300.00 299.00 301.00 4.00 20.39 18.78 18.90 19.60 21.23

119 SV-31A Ambujavallipettai 120.00 116.00 118.00 22.66 New replacement well drilled 53.60

120 HS-III/2A Chinnakottumulai 150.00 146.00 148.00 21.00 50.9 53.89 55.4 New replacement well 121 HS-III/3A` Sattapadi 150.00 146.00 148.00 21.00 drilled 47.50 48.15 New replacement well 122 NRO-2A Sathipattu 171.00 167.00 169.00 42.00 drilled 51.70 52.35 New replacement well 65.2 123 NRO/11A Reddipalayam 150.00 146.00 148.00 36.20 drilled 68.54 New replacement well 62.25 124 NRO/13A Karunkuzhi 180.00 177.00 179.00 25.00 drilled 62.5 125 NRO/17A Pinnalur 201.00 197.00 199.00 13.10 New replacement well drilled 48.05

Appendix-I

ANALYTICAL RESULTS OF WATER SAMPLES (DUG WELLS) CUDDALORE & ARIYALUR DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU (Post Monsoon January-2015)

Location code Sl. Rama Parameters Naduveera Mariamman Ragavendra Kullan nathan Vadalur Abathana Karun Meenashi Villiya No. Cuddalore Pallakollai Sathipattu pattu koil koil Vadakuthu chavadi kuppam Virdhachalam sabai puram kuzhi pettai nallur

D-01 D-02 D-03 D-04 D-05 D-06 D-07 D-08 D-09 D-10 D-11 D-12 D-13 D-14 D15 1 Calcium as Ca 94.8 10.0 18.82 16.6 16.6 11.6 38.3 28.3 32.3 128.1 79.9 38.3 50.7 36.6 76.5 2 Magnesium as Mg 31.3 3.0 6.67 4.00 2.0 1.5 7.1 5.1 8.40 44.5 11.1 10.1 21.2 6.3 26.3 3 Sodium as Na 422.0 78.5 23.43 15.00 23.5 31.9 31.4 54.8 71.5 327.0 184.9 102.9 43.3 71.5 368.0 Iron & Aluminium oxide as R O 4 2 3 19.2 13.6 5.6 4.00 12.0 15.6 15.2 15.2 5.6 3.6 24.0 18.0 3.6 6.5 14.4 5 Iron as Fe 0.40 0.10 0.2 0.38 0.10 0.10 0.60 0.40 0.06 0.29 0.20 0.20 0.11 0.35 0.60 Silica as SiO 6 2 60.0 61.6 25.2 64.80 54.4 43.2 50.0 57.2 34.4 62.0 40.4 52.0 44.8 35.9 72.4 - 7 Chloride as Cl 185 18 19 33.20 14 14 20.1 52 124.8 330 81 38.3 84 36 149 Sulphate as SO - - 8 4 20 21.2 49.4 11.20 21.2 20.1 21.7 22 47.5 234.6 27.0 23.2 56.6 16 21.1 9 Free CO2 14.8 9.2 Nil 12.00 12 11.6 12 8.4 11.2 19.2 12.8 12 Nil Nil 0 10 Total Solids 886 91 179 168.00 203 158 325 334 442 1478 543 423 432 297 656 11 Dissolved Solids 871 77 171 142.00 167 150 303 307 412 1440 537 407 382 276 643 12 Suspended Solids 15 14 8 26.00 36 8 22 27 30.00 38 6 16 50 21 13 13 Total Alkalinity 313 41 63 28.40 24 30 110 37 41.20 300 81 142 141 214 126 Bicarbonate Alkalinity as CaCO 14 3 313 41 8 28.40 24 30 110 37 41.20 300 81 142 110 196 93 15 Carbonate Alkalinity as CaCO 3 0 0 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 31 18 32 16 Hydroxide Alkalinity as CaCO3 0 0 Nil 0 0 0 0 0 Nil 0 0 0 Nil Nil 0 17 Total Hardness as CaCO 3 366 37 74 58.00 50 35 125 92 115 503 245 137 214 117 300 18 Temp.Hardness as CaCO 3 313 37 63 28.00 24 30 110 37 41 300 81 142 141 117 126 19 Permanent Hardness as CaCO3 53 0 11 30 26 5 15 55 74 203 164 -5 72.72 Nil 174 0 20 Conductivity in micromhos @ 25 C 1366 174 266 175.00 161 161 311 403 529 2760 760 419 681 453 1249 21 pH @ room temperature 8.19 7.79 8.38 7.69 7.74 7.22 7.56 8.15 7.75 7.74 8.38 7.84 8.4 8.1 8.27 22 Langelier Index 1.3 -0.92 0.4 -0.94 -1.00 -1.46 0.84 -0.17 -0.48 0.96 0.84 1.27 0.95 0.25 0.78 23 Temperature 30 30 30 30.00 30 30 30 30 29 31 30 30 30 30 30 24 Dissolved Oxygen 7.75 8.12 7.7 8.08 8.08 8.12 7.98 7.23 6.98 7.05 7.68 8.01 7.79 8.1 7.85 25 Flouride as F 0.12 0.4 0.19 0.20 0.52 0.29 0.11 0.39 0.49 0.22 0.33 0.42 0.62 0.26 0.31 26 Nitrate as NO3 22.5 42.5 22.6 32.60 33.6 23.8 33 22.8 33.5 32.6 40.60 33.2 32.5 23.7 40.6 27 Copper as Cu 0.0158 0.115 0.158 BDL 0.012 0.078 BDL 0.009 BDL 0.018 0.138 0.007 0.002 0.016 0.025 28 Manganese as Mn 0.0089 0.007 0.008 BDL 0.002 0.0094 0.001 0.003 0.005 0.008 0.009 0.007 BDL 0.008 0.005 29 Zinc as Zn 0.228 0.148 0.132 0.007 0.121 0.198 0.112 0.215 0.001 0.152 0.385 0.082 BDL 0.158 0.145 30 Pottassium as K 59.2 7.35 2.5 2.09 1.30 3.8 2.12 4.2 5.95 41.00 14.9 8.45 4.8 1.76 66.20

ANALYTICAL RESULTS OF WATER SAMPLES (DUG WELLS) CUDDALORE & ARIYALUR DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU (Post Monsoon January-2015)

Parameters Location Code Gangai Sl. k onda V eera Madana Silambi No. Vepan Kunam Sri kavara Konda Sozha Chidam Jayam c hola V en Pudukora s inga gopala nathan k urichi T.Palayam k urichi mushnam palayam K uzhai samdram tharam baram kondam puram karumbur pettai kuppam puram pettai D-16 D-17 D-18 D-19 D-20 D-21 D-22 D-23 D-24 D-25 D-26 D-27 D-28 D-29 D-30 D-31 1 Calcium as Ca 109.8 15.68 206.3 43.9 23.296 33.28 23.3 46.6 20.4 43.90 25.34 43.3 149 25.0 21.6 30.1 2 Magnesium as Mg 18.2 7.1 38.4 24.8 6.1 12.1 4.0 7.6 23.8 15.2 28.87 48.0 42.0 5.1 7.1 28.9

3 Sodium as Na 515.0 37.8 432.3 13.7 281.7 172.4 33.5 114.7 114.9 106.5 18.20 398.0 710.0 58.3 22.7 110.1

4 Iron & Aluminium oxide as R2 O 3 17.2 13.6 18.8 7.60 13.6 33.2 16.0 15.2 0.5 1.6 3.60 16.4 15.2 13.2 3.6 2

5 Iron as Fe 0.10 0.34 0.40 0.50 0.20 0.60 0.40 0.10 0.01 0.01 0.15 0.20 0.60 0.60 0.28 0.12

6 Silica as SiO 2 84.0 21.6 65.2 97.2 43.6 49.6 59.6 68.0 63 39.6 39.2 62.0 53.6 50.4 24.8 52.4 7 Chloride as Cl - 115 35 103 34 102.7 84.6 34.2 91.6 109 206 100 155 634.5 20 36.5 114 - - 8 Sulphate as SO 4 17.0 30 31.4 21.1 22.1 21.2 23.5 65.8 30 34.6 34.00 25.0 20.4 22.1 19.7 53

9 Free CO 2 18.4 Nil 12.4 Nil 0 10.0 20 12 Nil Nil Nil 0 16 0.0 8 8

10 Total Solids 751 288 1448 264 293 338 115 638 428 722 501 629 1535 252 214 610 11 Dissolved Solids 737 242 1429 220 286 322 109 621 387 678 468 617 1510 234 184 579

12 Suspended Solids 14 46 19 44 7 16 6 17 41 44 33 12 25 18 30 31 13 Total Alkalinity 244 110 146 115 81 114 57 69 216 82 156 219 61 73 56.8 223

14 Bicarbonate Alkalinity as CaCO 3 244 47 146 92 81 114 57 69 153 51 125 171 61 41 56.8 223

15 Carbonate Alkalinity as CaCO 3 0 63 0 23 0 0 0 0 63 31 31 49 0 32 0 Nil

16 Hydroxide Alkalinity as CaCO 3 0 Nil 0 Nil 0 0 0 0 Nil Nil Nil 0 0 0 0 Nil

17 Total Hardness as CaCO 3 349 69 674 212 83 133 75 148 149 172 182 370 998 83 83 194

18 Temp.Hardness as CaCO 3 244 69 146 115 81 114 57 69 149 82 157 219 61 73 57 194

19 Permanent Hardness as CaCO3 106 Nil 528 96 2 19 18 79 Nil 90 25 151 938 10 26 Nil

20 Conductivity in micromhos @ 250 C 1123 394 896 287 490 609 269 969 723 1100 720 1239 3000 233 249 456 21 pH @ room temperature 7.78 8.15 7.76 8.31 8.41 7.88 7.67 8.05 8.34 8.22 8.4 8.14 8.05 8.19 7.18 7.61

22 Langelier Index 0.83 0.04 0.83 1.66 0.40 0.11 -0.39 0.21 0.82 1.37 0.67 1.7 0.77 0.44 7.01 0.02 23 Temperature 30 31 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 24 Dissolved Oxygen 7.36 7.39 8.08 7.66 7.77 7.95 8.18 8.25 8.09 7.33 8.01 7.65 7.92 8.08 8.1 8.02

25 Flouride as F 0.38 0.44 0.27 0.37 0.33 0.48 0.39 0.28 0.56 0.39 0.21 0.42 0.21 0.35 0.38 0.55

26 Nitrate as NO3 17.8 18.21 43.80 23.8 31.00 33.80 22.9 31.8 41.8 41.90 13.80 32.30 41.20 41.8 40.28 18.8

27 Copper as Cu 0.0082 BDL 0.125 0.104 0.095 0.098 0.011 0.012 0.003 0.001 0.002 0.0125 0.008 0.125 BDL 0.001 28 Manganese as Mn 0.0018 0.031 0.003 0.018 0.0035 0.008 0.009 0.003 BDL BDL BDL 0.002 0.012 0.0125 BDL BDL 29 Zinc as Zn 0.185 0.118 0.312 0.235 0.385 0.128 0.128 0.138 BDL BDL BDL 0.285 0.009 0.165 0.012 BDL 30 Pottassium as K 57.0 2.08 29.8 2.8 60.8 27.5 6.71 6.85 31.00 6.69 6.71 26.2 56.50 6.90 0.72 11.17

Appendix-II ANALYTICAL RESULTS OF WATER SAMPLES (TUBE WELLS) COLLECTED FROM COASTAL AREA, CUDDALORE DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU (Post Monsoon January-2015) Location Code Sl. Parameters Mettu No. Ramanathan Kattusagi Raja Thondama Madana T.K Thicho Periya Poochi palayam kuppam puliyur kuppam natham gopala puram Pattinam puram pattu medu BIS-Per misible SAL-8C SAL-9 SAL-11A SAL-12 SAL-20 SAL-22 SAL-24 SAL-25 SAL-26 SAL-28 limit 1 Calcium as Ca 7.70 32.30 7.70 16.9 18.3 11.5 79.9 46.6 83.2 20.8 200 2 Magnesium as Mg 4.70 15.90 2.30 14.9 7.1 10.5 20.5 16.2 23.6 12.6 50 3 Sodium as Na 81.30 144.20 5.00 180.2 74.6 8.9 101.5 96.9 39.6 276.0 -

4 Iron & Aluminium oxide as R2 O3 4.00 3.60 3.60 2.8 3.6 7.2 3.6 3.2 6.0 4.0 5 Iron as Fe 0.14 0.51 0.08 0.80 0.30 0.56 0.39 0.08 0.35 0.30 1.0

6 Silica as SiO 2 64.80 61 34 39.2 32.8 10.4 60.8 30.4 74.0 44.8 7 Chloride as Cl - 74 207 14 149.2 123.5 19 149.4 266.5 758.0 278.5 1000 - - 8 Sulphate as SO4 1.50 27 6 5.6 1.2 12.8 58.0 5.0 12.5 2.3 400

9 Free CO2 Nil 10.8 16 NIL 16 14 NIL 4 4 16 10 Total Solids 235 544 96 405 267 133 640 551 989 702 2000 11 Dissolved Solids 196 517 80 390 217 128 606 504 1072 683 12 Suspended Solids 39 27 16 15 50 5 34 47 40 19 13 Total Alkalinity 86.5 41.2 36 119.5 28.4 62 148.3 32.5 649.6 142.1

14 Bicarbonate Alkalinity as CaCO3 37 41 36 61.8 28.4 62 115.4 32.5 445.0 142.1 600

15 Carbonate Alkalinity as CaCO 3 49 0 0 57.7 0.0 0 32.96 0.00 0 0

16 Hydroxide Alkalinity as CaCO3 NIL Nil 0 NIL 0 0 NIL 0 0 0

17 Total Hardness as CaCO 3 38 146 29 104 75 72 284 183 286 104 600

18 Temp.Hardness as CaCO 3 NIL 41 29 104 28 62 148 32 650 104

19 Permanent Hardness as CaCO 3 -48 105 Nil NIL 46 10 136 151 536 0 20 Conductivity in micromhos @ 250 C 408 760 127 768 264 205 887 973 920 898 21 pH @ room temperature 8.09 7.68 6.58 8.48 6.85 6.76 8.30 6.73 7.94 7.26 6.5-8.5 22 Langelier Index -0.41 -0.56 -2.33 0.41 -2.19 -1.61 1.01 -1.46 1.12 -0.64 23 Temperature 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 30 30 24 Dissolved Oxygen 7.82 7.35 8.02 7.56 7.52 7.56 7.28 7.26 8.09 7.85 25 Flouride as F 0.39 0.19 0.18 0.25 0.81 0.62 0.23 0.36 0.82 0.52 1.5

26 Nitrate as NO 3 25.9 40.6 33.9 21.85 29.6 36.8 28.6 31.2 24.8 40.6 100 27 Copper as Cu BDL BDL 0.0011 0.001 BDL 0.0018 BDL 0.006 0.008 0.007 1.5 28 Manganese as Mn 0.002 0.21 BDL 0.009 0.009 BDL 0.002 0.008 0.005 0.003 0.3 29 Zinc as Zn 0.07 0.009 0.173 0.925 0.114 0.185 0.006 0.128 0.128 0.082 15 30 Pottassium as K 11.40 3.50 0.90 16.50 2.33 1.1 9.60 12.80 29.00 15.40

Annexure-VIII-A Query No. 8: Quality of mine water and quality of ground water Reply: Quality of Mine water and quality of ground water of Mine-IA, certified by Tamilnadu Pollution control Board (TNPCB) and Tamilnadu Water supply and Drainage Board (TWSADB) is enclosed. The results are well within the limit of BIS.

Groundwater Mine Water

Annexure-IX-A Query No 9: Furnish Mine Closure plan

Reply: It is proposed to fill the final void of Mine-IA to restore the landscape to ground level. The method of filling is described below. The below figures shows the plan of the final void of Mine-IA:

The below figures shows the sections of the final void of Mine-IA before and after filling:

Mine-IA Void Area = 281.26 Ha (At surface Level) Mine-IA Void Area = 105.56 Ha (Floor Area) Void Volume = 135.39 Mm3

The final void volume of Mine-I is about 135.39 Mm3. It is proposed to fill 114.39 Mm3 of void with overburden of Mine-II. A void of about 21 Mm3 will be left at Mine-IA with a depth of 15m. This void will be converted into water body for supporting the vegetation in the reclaimed area.

Overburden Transportation from Mine-II to Mine-IA:

Mine-II is operating south of Mine-I and Mine-IA as shown in the above plan. Mine-II is facing the problem of accommodating the entire OB due the restriction of height of external Dump. Now it is proposed to transport about 114.39 Mm3 of Overburden from Mine-II through

conveyor and fill the void of Mine-IA concurrently. The above plan shows the proposal of transport of overburden from Mine-II to Mine-IA.

Table showing void details before and after filling:

Sl. Details Mine-IA Void Before Filling Mine-IA void After Filling No.

1. Void 135.39 Mm3 21 Mm3 Volume

2. Final 281.26 Ha 140.63 Ha void area at Mine-IA

3. Water - Area - 140.63 Ha Body Depth – 15m area & Water body will be utilized to support Depth at vegetation in the Reclaimed area. Final void at Mine-IA

The below plan shows the view of Mine-IA after filling of final void. The area of water body at the final void is 140.63 Ha. The depth of water body will be 15m.

NLC is already carrying out the Reclamation and afforestation of the mined out area in systematic and scientific way. NLC received many awards for the environmental work in Mined out area. Similarly it is proposed to reclaim and afforest entire mining area in future also.

Annexure-X-A

Query No. 10: Furnish justification for additional opening of area instead of adopting of phased approach Reply: Justification for additional opening / annexing of additional area: Neyveli Lignite Corporation (NLC) is acquiring Lignite bearing land for Mining and supply Lignite to its own pithead power plants. As Southern India is facing power shortage problem, the power generation of NLC is helpful for Industrial and social development of this region. Lignite is the only available fossil fuel in Tamilnadu. Though Lignite is low colorific value mineral (2500 to 2750 Kcal/Kg) when comparing with coal (4000 to 6000 Kcal/Kg), Lignite is advantageously utilized for power generation.

The details about existing Mines and Thermal project at Neyveli is given below Sl.No. Projects (Mines & Thermal Power) Capacity 1. Mine-I 10.5MTPA 2. Mine-IA 3.0MTPA 3. Mine-II 15.0MTPA Total 30.6 MTPA

5. Thermal Power Station – I 600MW 6. Thermal Power Station – I Expansion 420MW 7. Thermal Power Station – II 1470MW 8. TPS-II Expansion (Under Trial Run) 500MW 9. TAQA Thermal Power Station 250MW Total 3240 MW Now it is proposed to replace the aged 600 MW power plant with proposed new 1000 MW Thermal power plant during 2017-18. Implementation of Restructuring of Mine-I and Expansion of Mine-IA projects will ensure Lignite supply to New 1000 MW Power plant. The Government of India approved new 1000 MW Thermal power plant which is under construction with the capital cost of Rs. 5907.11 Crores. After commissioning of new 1000 MW Thermal power plant, the generation capacity of NLC at Neyveli will increase from 3240 MW to 3640 MW.

The below table and figure shows the annexing Lignite bearing area for Mine-IA project

Details Area in Ha Annexing land in part of Vadakuthu and Thenkuthu Land to be acquired villages, Cuddalore District, Tamilnadu. 244 Ha (About 138 Ha land is already in possession with NLC)

The Lignite bearing land available around Mine-I and Mine-IA is now considered for Mining to supply lignite to the proposed new 1000 MW power plant. Separate Mining of these small pockets of land later is not possible. Hence small pocket of 244 Ha land is now annexed.

Additional opening of Mining area in phased approach:

NLC Mines at Neyveli is having Lignite seam with mild gradient. NLC adopt mechanized opencast Mining method. The below figure shows method of Mining at Neyveli.

NLC do not acquire land at Neyveli in en masse for a project. NLC acquire land in phased manner depends the land requirement for next few year. The below picture shows the sector wise development of Mine-IA.

As shown in the below picture, as soon as Mining is completed, the Mined out area will be backfilled. The backfilled area will be reclaimed and afforested. Hence active Mining area and the disturbed land will be always kept minimum.

Justification for annexing of land:

 Lignite bearing land is required for power generation.

 Restructuring of Mine-I and Expansion of Mine-IA projects will supply Lignite to the proposed New 1000 MW Power plant.

 Separate Mining of small stretch of Lignite bearing land is not possible.

 The mined out land is scientifically reclaimed and restored to original condition.

 In Neyveli Industry area and Township area, nearly 185 Lakhs tress has been planted and maintained for green environment. Air and water quality are being continuously monitored.

 All the land owners are paid legal as well as enhanced compensation through Lok Adalat in mutually agreeable way.

 Assistance covered under NRRP 2007 is given to land owners. If any new act comes into implementation for Land acquisition and R&R, NLC will pay compensation and R&R benefit as per prevailing acts and rulres.

 Through the above scheme, it is ensured that the financial and social status of land owners will be better.

Thus NLC ecologically restore the mined out area and furnish suitable compensation for land owner besides power generation. NLC maintain the environment in a sustainable way. Hence annexing of available Lignite bearing of land in this region for Power generation is essential.

Annexure-XI-A

Action plan for addressing Public Hearing issue for Mine-IA

Action plan for the issues raised by public during Public Hearing is furnished below:

1.0 Name & Address : Shri. Aryia Arumugam Ex President Vanathirayapuram.

(1a) Questions/ suggestions/ issues etc raised : Permanent Employment is not given for project affected persons.

(1a) Reply submitted by the project proponent: NLC is unable to provide permanent employment to all the PAFs, as there is no vacancy for the past several years, due to closure of two chemical units. However, in order to alleviate the sufferings of land affected families NLC is providing temporary employment through contract agencies with minimum wages protection and about 50% of the vacancies arising in various contract works are allotted to PAPs based on qualifications. In addition to that monetary assistance will also be provided in lieu of employment, as per the R&R policy/act announced by the appropriate Government.

(1a) Action Plan proposed: NLC will give preference in providing jobs to the PAPs on contract basis based on the capability and qualification with minimum wage protection.

(1a) Budgetary provision as on 21-03-2015 : The wages/salary will be provided as per company rules.

(1b) Questions/ suggestions/ issues etc raised : Compensation is to be given as per New Land act.

(1b) Reply submitted by the project proponent: Land acquisition for NLC projects at Neyveli is carried out by the District Administration as per the LA Act in force. Further acquisition will be continued as per the directions of the appropriate Government.

(1b) Action Plan proposed: Compensation will be paid as per LA Act in force.

(1b) Budgetary provision as on 21-03-2015 : As per Government Rules, budget will be allocated in the respective financial years.

(1c) Questions/ suggestions/ issues etc raised : Royalty is to be given to Project Affected persons instead of State Government.

(1c) Reply submitted by the project proponent: As per the present rules, every year royalty is paid to the GoTN and there is no provision for payment of royalty to land owners.

(1d) Questions/ suggestions/ issues etc raised : Lignite dust causes various diseases.

(1d) Reply submitted by the project proponent: Environmental monitoring studies are being carried out regularly by CARD (Centre for Applied Research and Development), Neyveli as well as TNPCB, Cuddalore. All the Air quality parameters are well below the norms. Systematic Air pollution control measures are being carried out.

(1d) Action Plan proposed: Mitigation measures as given in EIA/EMP report are being and will be followed regularly.

(1d) Budgetary provision as on 21-03-2015 : Company has spent Rs. 491.91 lakhs in the year 2012-13 and proposes to spend Rs. 622.50 Lakhs in 2014-15 for Health, sanitation and combating diseases.

(1e) Questions/ suggestions/ issues etc raised : Ground water depletion is occurring due to mining activities.

(1e) Reply submitted by the project proponent: Lowering of ground water is a general phenomenon and water level fluctuates according to vagaries of monsoon. In Neyveli region water level in dug wells fluctuates from 4 to 8m during summer and from 2 to 4 mts during the monsoon period. NLC pumping is restricted only in the deep aquifer concentrated in the mines area. Further, the lowering of water level in surrounding area is because of massive pumping for agriculture (around 36000 pumps are in operation this area as per statistical department report) and other industrial purpose in these region. The water level recorded in the Vadakuthu region is 70 to 80 mts below ground level which is around 210 to 240 feet depth.

Further NLC and Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) jointly monitoring the ground water levels in this area and NLC is periodically sending the report to CGWB.

(1e) Action Plan proposed: To ensure the availability of water to the villagers NLC is doing deepening of Lakes, Nalla, pond and construction of overhead tanks for the borewells drilled at Ammeri, U. Agaram, Vadakuthu villages as detailed in Chapter 9 of EIA Report

Besides this, NLC is using and will continue to take preventive measures such as rainwater harvesting structures, check dams, maximum utilisation of treated waste water for Township, plantation, gardening etc.

(1e) Budgetary provision as on 21-03-2015 : NLC has spent RS. 133.45 lakhs in year 2013-14 and proposes Rs. 75.00 lakhs in 2014-15 and Rs. 50.00 lakhs beyond 2014-15 for water and irrigation development in surrounding villages. 2

(1f) Questions/ suggestions/ issues etc raised : Medical aids are to be given to land looser.

(1f) Reply submitted by the project proponent: : NLC conducts and will continue to conduct medical camps regularly for the land losers. The benefits of these camps are utilized by the surrounding villages. Medical treatment is being given to the surrounding villagers in NLC GH as outpatient.

(1f) Action Plan proposed: Mitigation measures as given in EIA/EMP report are being and will be followed regularly.

(1f) Budgetary provision as on 21-03-2015 : Company has spent Rs. 491.91 lakhs in the year 2012-13 and planned to spend Rs. 200.00 lakhs from 2014 in surrounding villages for Health, sanitation and combating diseases.

2.0 Name & Address : Shri Dharma Lingam PMK/ Deputy General Secretary Kanni Tamizhnadu, Kurichipaddi

(2a) Questions/ suggestions/ issues etc raised :300 families rehabilitated from Vellayankuppam Village 30 years back. Compound wall around school was requested. The Appeal was rejected stating that school is not within 10 KMs from Neyveli.

(2a) Reply submitted by the project proponent: All the requests/demands of the villages in the project area are forwarded to the District Collector and the CSR works are being taken up based on the Administrative Sanctions (Proceedings) issued by the District Collector then and there.

(2a) Action Plan proposed: Construction of wall around school under CSR will be done after Administrative Sanctions of District Administration.

(2a) Budgetary provision as on 21-03-2015 : NLC will spend Rs. 475.00 Lakhs 2014-15 and Rs 250.00 Lakhs beyond 2014-15 for educational infrastructure.

(2b) Questions/ suggestions/ issues etc raised : Employment and House for land evictees shall be given.

(2b) Reply submitted by the project proponent: NLC is unable to provide permanent employment to all the PAFs, as there is no vacancy for the past several years, due to closure of two chemical units. However, in order to alleviate the sufferings of land affected families, NLC is providing temporary employment through contract agencies with minimum wages protection and about 50% of the vacancies arising in various contract works are allotted to

PAPs based on qualifications. In addition to that monetary assistance will also be provided in lieu of employment, as per the R&R policy/act announced by the appropriate Government.

Alternate house sites are provided in the well developed NLC resettlement centers.

Further it will be ensured that all R&R benefits, including housing and other facilities as per the R&R policy/ act announced by the appropriate Government are provided to the affected families.

(2b) Action Plan proposed: NLC will give preference in providing jobs to the PAPs on contract basis based on the capability and qualification with minimum wage protection.

(2b) Budgetary provision as on 21-03-2015 : The wages/salary will be provided as per company rules.

(2c) Questions/ suggestions/ issues etc raised : After fulfilling the demands of people already affected by land acquisition in the past, land acquisition for the newly proposed projects may be taken up.

(2c) Reply submitted by the project proponent : NLC is acquiring Lignite bearing land for power Generation. Lignite is the only available fossil fuel in Tamilnadu. As per national mineral conservation policy, NLC is exploiting the Lignite to generate electricity. All the ex- land owners were paid legal as well as enhanced compensation through Lok Adalat in mutually agreeable way. Resettlement plot is allotted by NLC to all eligible families as per applicable Resettlement & Rehabilitation policy. Assistance covered under NRRP 2007 is given to land owners. Through the above scheme, it is ensured that the financial and social status of land owners will be better.

In respect of various demands of affected people, it is stated that NLC is able to fulfill all the genuine demands, like higher amount of compensation, liberal extent of alternate house site, other R&R benefits, except the demand for permanent employment. In this context, following additional details are also furnished.

NLC has been adopting a method of Pre-Litigation Settlement for payment of compensation for the acquired lands. According to this method, in addition to the legal compensation paid by the Land acquisition Officer, NLC is paying the enhanced compensation quickly through settling the claims the amount for the acquired lands through Lok Adalat (Peoples’ Court) at the rates negotiated publicly before the District Collector cum R&R Administrator and the Elected Representatives.

Apart from ensuring the payment of reasonable compensation for the lost assets on a consensus and no-litigation basis, NLC is also implementing the R&R Policy provisions for its ongoing projects.

Assistance covered based on NRRP 2007 and other benefits in addition to NRRP 2007.

 About 50% of the vacancies arising in contract works (temporary employment) are allotted to PAPs based on qualifications, with minimum wages protection, since NLC is unable to provide permanent employment.

 One time Rehabilitation grant of 750 days minimum agricultural wages in lieu of employment/land for land.

 One time financial assistance of Rs.15,000/- to those who have lost cattle shed for reconstruction of the same.

 Shifting allowance of Rs.10,000/- to the affected families owning house and whose house has been acquired.

 One time financial assistance of Rs.25,000/- to the rural artisans, small traders for construction of working shed / shop.

 Subsistence allowance of 25 days minimum agriculture wages for each month to a displaced project affected family, for a period of one year.

 Allotment of alternate house site to the affected family owning house & whose house has been acquired, to a minimum extent of 120 sq.m. to a maximum of 250 sq.m. in the resettlement areas.

 NLC is arranging self employment training, entrepreneurship training and other suitable training programs in association with reputed NGOs for affected persons, so as to enable them to take on suitable job. NLC is arranging exclusive ITI apprenticeship training, medical lab technician courses etc. for affected families, depending on the separate norms specified by NLC for this purpose.

 NLC is giving preference to affected persons in awarding contract works in LA and R&R Department upto a value of Rs. 5 lakh, subject to satisfying other prequalification conditions.

 Several contracts are awarded to the PAP contractors registered under LA Scheme on a preferential basis.

 Wards of PAPs are providing in-plant training, assistance for project work, free of cost.

 Continuance of Periphery Development Scheme under CSR.

Notwithstanding the above, it is reiterated that NLC is always ready to sort out the genuine grievance of the affected persons, under the aegis of the District Administration/ Special Revenue Officials (LA), Neyveli.

(2c) Action Plan proposed: Disbursement of compensation at earliest.

(2c) Budgetary provision as on 21-03-2015 : NLC has undertaken CSR and Sustainability projects and activities committing funds to the tune of Rs. 70.75 Crores, since the year 2010-11.

3.0 Name & Address : Shri. Jagan President Vadakuthu Panchayat

(3a) Questions/ suggestions/ issues etc raised : Ground water level has gone from 60 ft to 600 feet because of mining operation by NLC

(3a) Reply submitted by the project proponent : Lowering of ground water is a general phenomenon and water level fluctuates according to vagaries of monsoon. In Neyveli region water level in dug wells fluctuates from 4 to 8m during summer and from 2 to 4 mts during the monsoon period. NLC is pumping is restricted only in the deep aquifer concentrated in the mines area. Further, the lowering of water level in surrounding area is because of massive pumping for agriculture (around 36000 pumps are in operation this is as per statistical department report) and other industrial purpose in these region. The water level recorded in the Vadakuthu region is 70 to 80 mts below ground level which is around 210 to 240 feet depth.

(3a) Action Plan proposed: To ensure the availability of water to the villagers NLC is doing deepening of Lakes, Nalla, pond and construction of overhead tanks for the borewells drilled at Ammeri, U. Agaram, Vadakuthu villages as detailed in Chapter 9 of EIA Report

Besides this, NLC is using and will continue to take preventive measures such as rainwater harvesting structures, maximum utilisation of treated waste water for Township, plantation, gardening etc.

(3a) Budgetary provision as on 21-03-2015 : NLC has spent 133.45 lakhs in year 2013-14 and proposes Rs. 75.00 lakhs in 2014-15 and Rs. 50.00 lakhs beyond 2014-15 for water and irrigation development in surrounding villages 6

(3b) Questions/ suggestions/ issues etc raised : He informed that Tamilnadu Drinking water Board is drilling 6” Dia bore. Instead of 6” borewell , 8 & 10’’ borewell is to be erected by Tamilnadu Government in the surrounding areas. 6” borewells fail often.

(3b) Reply submitted by the project proponent : NLC is establishing only 8” dia pump well under Peripheral Development Scheme to supply the Drinking water to the villages as per guidance of District Administration Cuddalore.

(3b) Budgetary provision as on 21-03-2015 : NLC has spent 133.45 lakhs in year 2013-14 and proposes Rs. 75.00 lakhs in 2014-15 and Rs. 50.00 lakhs beyond 2014-15 for water and irrigation development in surrounding villages.

(3c) Questions/ suggestions/ issues etc raised : Sea water intrusion due to mining operation.

(3c) Reply submitted by the project proponent : The Resistivity Survey has been carried out periodically in the coastal region by NLC through Geological Survey of India to study the saltwater ingress in the aquifer. Last study undertaken by GSI was during 2012. The results have been compared with previous study during 2005 of the GAI and found that there is no resistivity variation in respect of deeper aquifers which clearly indicates that there is no saltwater ingress in the deeper aquifer zones of the study area in the coastal belt of Neyveli mining area.

(3c) Action Plan proposed: NLC will continue carry periodical Resistivity Survey to study the saltwater ingress in the aquifer.

(3c) Budgetary provision as on 21-03-2015 : NLC proposes to spend Rs. 690.00 lakhs in 2014-15 and Rs. 110.00 lakhs beyond 2014-15 for desilting of lakes, irrigation and flood control.

(3d) Questions/ suggestions/ issues etc raised : No benefit for the surrounding villages due to CSR activities of the NLC and basic amenities may be provided by NLC to the public of the surrounding villages. Due care shall be taken by NLC to give proper employment to PAP.

(3d) Reply submitted by the project proponent : All the genuine demands of the villages/ project area could be taken up under CSR only after the issuance of the Administrative sanction (Proceedings) by the District Collector and on approval by the Management.

NLC is unable to provide permanent employment to all the PAFs, as there is no vacancy for the past several years, due to closure of two chemical units. However, in order to alleviate the sufferings of land affected families NLC is providing temporary employment through contract agencies with minimum wages protection and about 50% of the vacancies arising in various contract works are allotted to PAPs based on qualifications. In addition to

that monetary assistance will also be provided in lieu of employment, as per the R&R policy/act announced by the appropriate Government.

(3d) Action Plan proposed: NLC proposes to carry out CSR work as given in Chapter 9 of EIA/EMP Report.

(3d) Budgetary provision as on 21-03-2015 : The total CSR spending for 2013-14 was 26.04 crores and expected for 2014-15 is Rs. 41.42 crores.

4.0 Name & Address : Sri.M. Rajavelu, Thopplikuppam

(4a) Questions/ suggestions/ issues etc raised : Permanent Employment to be provided for all land affected families.

(4a) Reply submitted by the project proponent : For employment issue, Kindly the reply to the Query as per Sl.No.1

(4a) Action Plan proposed: NLC will give preference in providing jobs to the PAPs on contract basis based on the capability and qualification with minimum wage protection.

(4a) Budgetary provision as on 21-03-2015 : The wages/salary will be provided as per company rules.

(4b) Questions/ suggestions/ issues etc raised: Compensation may be paid at the rate of Rs. 25.00 lakhs per acre.

(4b) Reply submitted by the project proponent : NLC is acquiring Lignite bearing land for power Generation. Lignite is the only available fossil fuel in Tamilnadu. As per national mineral conservation policy, NLC is exploiting the Lignite to generate electricity. All the ex- land owners were paid legal as well as enhanced compensation through Lok Adalat in mutually agreeable way. Resettlement plot is allotted by NLC to all eligible families as per applicable Resettlement & Rehabilitation policy. Assistance covered under NRRP 2007 is given to land owners. Through the above scheme, it is ensured that the financial and social status of land owners will be better.

Compensation and other R&R benefits will be provided as per prevailing acts and rules announced by the Government.

(4b) Action Plan proposed: Compensation and other R&R benefits will be provided as per prevailing acts and rules.

(4b) Budgetary provision as on 21-03-2015 : As per Government Rules, budget will be allocated in the respective financial years.

(4c) Questions/ suggestions/ issues etc raised : House plot of 10 cents may be provided to each displaced family

(4c) Reply submitted by the project proponent : Alternate house site is allotted to eligible families displaced from their own lands.

Compensation and other R&R benefits will be provided as per prevailing acts and rules announced by the appropriate Government.

(4c) Action Plan proposed: Compensation and other R&R benefits will be provided as per prevailing acts and rules.

(4c) Budgetary provision as on 21-03-2015 : As per Government Rules, budget will be allocated in the respective financial years.

5.0 Name & Address : Shri. Thirumalvalavan, TVK.

(5a) Questions/ suggestions/ issues etc raised : Permanent employment for all members of land affected family who are above 18 years.

(5a) Reply submitted by the project proponent : NLC is unable to provide permanent employment to all the PAFs, as there is no vacancy for the past several years, due to closure of two chemical units. However, in order to alleviate the sufferings of land affected families NLC is providing temporary employment through contract agencies with minimum wages protection and about 50% of the vacancies arising in various contract works are allotted to PAPs based on qualifications. In addition to that monetary assistance will also be provided in lieu of employment, as per the R&R policy/act announced by the appropriate Government.

(5a) Action Plan proposed: NLC will give preference in providing jobs to the PAPs on contract basis based on the capability and qualification with minimum wage protection.

(5a) Budgetary provision as on 21-03-2015 : The wages/salary will be provided as per company rules.

(5b) Questions/ suggestions/ issues etc raised : Equal extent of House site may be provided for houses affected and patta for all NLC resettlement centers may be provided.

(5b) Reply submitted by the project proponent : Compensation and other R&R benefits will be provided as per prevailing acts and rules announced by the appropriate Government.

(5b) Action Plan proposed: Compensation and other R&R benefits will be provided as per prevailing acts and rules.

(5b) Budgetary provision as on 21-03-2015 : As per Government Rules, budget will be allocated in the respective financial years. 9

6.0 Name & Address : Shri KR Ramalingam, Thenkuthu, Ex. Vice President CITU

(6a) Questions/ suggestions/ issues etc raised : Provide permanent employment for already affected then initiate fresh land acquisition.

Preference for employment shall be given to the qualified unemployed PAP first.

(6a) Reply submitted by the project proponent : NLC is unable to provide permanent employment to all the PAFs, as there is no vacancy for the past several years, due to closure of two chemical units. However, in order to alleviate the sufferings of land affected families NLC is providing temporary employment through contract agencies with minimum wages protection and about 50% of the vacancies arising in various contract works are allotted to PAPs based on qualifications. In addition to that monetary assistance will also be provided in lieu of employment, as per the R&R policy/act announced by the appropriate Government.

(6a) Action Plan proposed: NLC will give preference in providing jobs to the PAPs on contract basis based on the capability and qualification with minimum wage protection.

(6a) Budgetary provision as on 21-03-2015 : The wages/salary will be provided as per company rules.

(6b) Questions/ suggestions/ issues etc raised : Repair the Thenkutthu public road under CSR.

(6b) Reply submitted by the project proponent : All the requests/demands of the villages in the project area are forwarded to the District Collector and the CSR works are being taken up based on the Administrative Sanctions (Proceedings) issued by the District Collector then and there.

(6b) Action Plan proposed: Repair of public road under CSR will be done after Administrative Sanctions.

(6b) Budgetary provision as on 21-03-2015 : NLC proposes to spend Rs. 302.00 lakhs in year 2014-15 and Rs. 50.00 lakhs beyond 2014-15 for community infrastructure.

(6c) Questions/ suggestions/ issues etc raised : Royalty shall be given to PAPs

(6c) Reply submitted by the project proponent : As per the present rules, every year royalty is paid to the GoTN and there is no provision for payment of royalty to land owners.