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State of the Climate in 2005 STATE OF THE CLIMATE IN 2005 K. A. SHEIN,82 ED. Contributing Editors A. M. WAPLE, H. J. DIAMOND, AND J. M. LEVY NOAA/NESDIS/NCDC & AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY JUNE 2006 | S1 AFFILIATIONS (alphabetical by author) 1. CHRISTINE ACHBERGER, Institutionen för Geovetenskaper, Göte- 26. STEPHEN GILL, NOAA National Ocean Service, Silver Spring, borgs Universitet, Göteborg, Sweden Maryland 2. PETER AMBENJE, Kenya Meteorological Department, Nairobi, 27. TRACEY GILL, South African Weather Service, Pretoria, South Kenya Africa 3. ANTHONY ARGUEZ, NOAA/NESDIS National Climatic Data 28. KARIN L. GLEASON, NOAA/NESDIS National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, North Carolina Center, Silver Spring, Maryland 4. MOLLY O. BARINGER, NOAA/OAR Atlantic Oceanographic and 29. STANLEY B. GOLDENBERG, NOAA/OAR Atlantic Oceanographic Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, Florida Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, Florida 5. GERALD D. BELL, NOAA/NWS/NCEP Climate Prediction 30. GUSTAVO GONI, NOAA/OAR Atlantic Oceanographic and Center, Camp Springs, Maryland Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, Florida 6. MICHAEL A. BELL, International Research Institute for Climate 31. EMILY K. GROVER-KOPEC, International Research Institute for and Society, Palisades, New York Climate and Society, Palisades, New York 7. MARIO BIDEGAIN, University of Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay 32. MICHAEL S. HALPERT, NOAA/NWS/NCEP Climate Prediction 8. ERIC BLAKE, NOAA/NWS/NCEP National Hurricane Center, Center, Camp Springs, Maryland Miami, Florida 33. PAUL HUGHES, COAPS, The Florida State University, Tallahas- 9. MARK A. BOURASSA, COAPS, The Florida State University, see, Florida Tallahassee, Florida 34. JOHN E. JANOWIAK, NOAA/NWS Climate Prediction Center, 10. JASON E. BOX, Byrd Polar Research Center, The Ohio State Camp Springs, Maryland University, Columbus, Ohio 35. GREGORY C. JOHNSON, NOAA/OAR Pacific Marine Environ- 11. OLGA N. BULYGINA, All-Russian Research Institute of Hydro- mental Laboratory, Seattle, Washington meteorological Information, Obninsk, Russia 36. KHADIJA KABIDI, Direction de la Météorologie Nationale, 12. STUART M. BURGESS, National Institute of Water and Atmo- Rabat, Morocco spheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand 37. MICHAEL KARCHER, Alfred Wegener Institute, Bremerhaven, 13. JOSÉ LUIS CAMACHO, Centro Internacional para la Investigación Germany del Fenómeno de El Niño, Guayaquil, Ecuador 38. JOHN J. KENNEDY, Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and 14. SUZANA J. CAMARGO, International Research Institute for Research, Met Office, Exeter, United Kingdom Climate and Society, Earth Institute at Columbia University, 39. CHRIS KOCOT, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Palisades, New York 40. NATALIA N. KORSHUNOVA, All-Russian Research Institute of 15. MUTHUVEL CHELLIAH, NOAA/NWS/NCEP Climate Prediction Hydrometeorological Information, Obninsk, Russia Center, Camp Springs, Maryland 41. MAHBOBEH KHOSHKAM, I.R. of the Iran Meteorological Organi- 16. DELIANG CHEN, Institutionen för Geovetenskaper, Göteborgs zation (IRIMO), Tehran, Iran Universitet, Göteborg, Sweden 42. K. RUPA KUMAR, Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, 17. JOHN C. CHRISTY, University of Alabama at Huntsville, Hunts- Pune, India ville, Alabama 43. WILLEM A. LANDMAN, South African Weather Service, Pretoria, 18. MIGUEL CORTEZ VÁZQUEZ, Servicio Meteorologico Nacional, South Africa Mexico City, Mexico 44. CHRIS W. LANDSEA, NOAA/NWS/NCEP National Hurricane 19. HOWARD J. DIAMOND, NOAA/NESDIS National Climatic Data Center, Miami, Florida Center, Silver Spring, Maryland 45. JAY H. LAWRIMORE, NOAA/NESDIS National Climatic Data 20. GEOFF S. DUTTON, NOAA/OAR Earth Systems Research Center, Asheville, North Carolina Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 46. DAVID H. LEVINSON, NOAA/NESDIS National Climatic Data 21. JAMES W. ELKINS, NOAA/OAR Earth Systems Research Labo- Center, Asheville, North Carolina ratory, Boulder, Colorado 47. JOEL M. LEVY, NOAA/OAR Climate Program Office, Silver 22. RICHARD A. FEELY, NOAA/OAR Pacific Marine Environmental Spring, Maryland Laboratory, Seattle, Washington 48. RICK LUMPKIN, NOAA/OAR Atlantic Oceanographic and 23. GAO GE, National Climate Center, China Meteorological Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, Florida Administration, Beijing, China 49. JOHN M. LYMAN, NOAA/OAR Pacific Marine Environmental 24. RICARDO F. GARCÍA-HERRERA, Universidad Complutense Ma- Laboratory, Seattle, Washington drid, Madrid, Spain 50. JOSÉ A. MARENGO, CPTEC/INPE, Center for Weather Fore- 25. JEAN-CLAUDE GASCARD, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, casts and Climate Studies, São Paulo, Brazil France S2 | JUNE 2006 51. RODNEY MARTÍNEZ, Centro Internacional para la Investigación 76. JEREMY ROLPH, COAPS, The Florida State University, Tallahas- del Fenómeno de El Niño, Guayaquil, Ecuador see, Florida 52. JIM MASLANIK, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 77. VLADIMIR E. ROMANOVSKY, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, 53. MICHAEL J. MCPHADEN, NOAA/OAR Pacific Marine Environ- Fairbanks, Alaska mental Laboratory, Seattle, Washington 78. MATILDE RUSTICUCCI, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos 54. CHRISTOPHER S. MEINEN, NOAA/OAR Atlantic Oceanographic Aires, Argentina and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, Florida 79. CHRISTOPHER L. SABINE, NOAA/OAR Pacific Marine Environ- 55. MATTHEW J. MENNE, NOAA/NESDIS National Climatic Data mental Laboratory, Seattle, Washington Center, Asheville, North Carolina 80. M. JAMES SALINGER, National Institute of Water and Atmo- 56. MARK A. MERRIFIELD, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, spheric Research, Ltd., Newmarket, Auckland, New Zealand Hawaii 81. RUSSELL C. SCHNELL, NOAA/ESRL Global Monitoring Division, 57. GARY T. MITCHUM, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, Boulder, Colorado Florida 82. KARSTEN A. SHEIN, NOAA/NESDIS National Climatic Data 58. KINGTSE C. MO, NOAA/NWS/NCEP Climate Prediction Center, Asheville, North Carolina Center, Camp Springs, Maryland 83. ALEXANDER I. SHIKLOMANOV, University of New Hampshire, 59. A. BRETT MULLAN, National Institute of Water and Atmo- Durham, New Hampshire spheric Research, Ltd., Wellington, New Zealand 84. SHAWN R. SMITH, COAPS, The Florida State University, 60. LABAN A. OGALLO, IGAD Climate Prediction and Applications Tallahassee, Florida Centre, Nairobi, Kenya 85. WASSILA M. THIAW, NOAA/NWS/NCEP Climate Prediction 61. CHRISTOPHER OLUDHE, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya Center, Camp Springs, Maryland 62. JAMES E. OVERLAND, NOAA/OAR Pacific Marine Environmental 86. RICARDO M. TRIGO, CGUL, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Laboratory, Seattle, Washington Portugal 63. JOSÉ DANIEL PABÓN, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 87. DONALD WALKER, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Bogotá, Colombia Alaska 64. DANIEL PAREDES, Universidad Complutense Madrid, Madrid, 88. RIK WANNINKHOF, NOAA/OAR Atlantic Oceanographic and Spain Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, Florida 65. RICHARD PASCH, NOAA/NWS/NCEP National Hurricane 89. ANNE M. WAPLE, NOAA/NESDIS National Climatic Data Center, Miami, Florida Center (STG, Inc.), Asheville, North Carolina 66. DONALD K. PEROVICH, ERDC Cold Regions Research and 90. ANDREW B. WATKINS, Bureau of Meteorology, Melbourne, Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, New Hampshire Australia 67. DAVID PHILIPS, Meteorological Service of Canada, Environment 91. ROBERT A. WELLER, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Woods Hole, Massachusetts 68. ANDREY PROSHUTINSKY, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, 92. ROBERT WHITEWOOD, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Woods Hole, Massachusetts Canada 69. RICHARD W. REYNOLDS, NOAA/NESDIS National Climatic 93. JOSHUA K. WILLIS, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Data Center, Asheville, North Carolina California 70. FATEMEH RAHIMZADEH, Atmospheric Science and 94. DAVID B. WUERTZ, NOAA/NESDIS National Climatic Data Meteorological Research Center (ASMERC), Tehran, Iran Center, Asheville, North Carolina 71. MADHAVAN RAJEEVAN, National Climate Centre, India 95. PINGPING XIE, NOAA/NWS/NCEP Climate Prediction Center, Meteorological Department, Pune, India Camp Springs, Maryland 72. VYACHESLAV N. RAZUVAEV, All-Russian Research Institute of 96. LISAN YU, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hydrometeorological Information, Obninsk, Russia Hole, Massachusetts 73. REN FUMIN, National Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, China 74. JACQUELINE A. RICHTER-MENGE, ERDC Cold Regions Research CORRESPONDING AUTHOR ADDRESS: DR. KARSTEN and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, New Hampshire SHEIN, Climate Monitoring Branch, National Climatic Data Center, 75. DAVID A. ROBINSON, Rutgers–The State University of New NOAA/NESDIS, Asheville, NC 28801 Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey E-mail: [email protected] STATE OF THE CLIMATE IN 2005 JUNE 2006 | S3 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of authors and affi liations ..............................................................................................................................2 Abstract .................................................................................................................................................................6 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................7 2. Global climate ....................................................................................................................................................11 a. Overview ....................................................................................................................................................11
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