,- PSEUDO SCIENTIFIC ERIC
C£!JITS BIERSTEIN'S EXPERIMENT 25 great artists ... great jazz ... great sound ... on co a great catalogue!
everybody likes HAMPTON HAWES vol. 3: the trio
the modern tenor "colossus" with the nation's poll-winners: Shelly Manne on drums; Ray Brown, bass-in, to quote the New Yorker, "a fascinating new tour de force from the Coast"-C3530
the vital young jazz pianist in his third great CR album. "He plays with drivlng abandon!"-Metronome Yearbook. Red Mitchell, bass and Chuck Thompson, drums-C3523
Shelly Manne & his Friends (Andre Previn, and Leroy Vinnegarj- Modem jazz performances of their first recording, "and everything cooked!" Counce on bass; Jack Sheldon, songs from LI'L ~ trumpet; Harold Land, tenor sax; Carl Perkins, piano; and Frank Butler, drums B [ in king-size jazz performances-C3526 Barney Kessel, guitar; Shelly Manne, drums and Ray Brown, bass -1956 and 1957 top stars in the 3 major polls: Down Beat, Metronome, and Playboy! Billboard says: "consistently fine performance tabs this package a must ... one of the best small group works in many a moon"- C3535 each the nation's #1 drummer, Shelly Manne, 12" hi-fi with Andre Previn, piano and Leroy Vin- negar, bass, in a wonderful follow-up hit long-playing to their best-selling "My Fair Lady"! ", .. just about the last word in modern romantic jazz piano playing," Saturday album $4.98 Review-C3533 at dealers spontaneous combustion! The West Coast's great alto star meets the East and distributors Coast's great Rhythm Section (PaUl Chambers, bass; Red Garland, piano; everywhere, PhilJ.y Joe Jones, drums) in an uninhib- Ited blowing session-C3532 or write co TEMPORA V RECORDS 8481 melrose place, los angeles 46, california VDD DOD Vol. 42 No.3 Decem ber, 1958 Established?
SENIOR BOARD George J. Whiteman David E. Weisberg Stuart Brody Business Manager Managing Editor Editor
JUNIOR BOARD Chris Sprague Tim Hart Jack Kerber Alan Bruce Wasser Features Editor Joke Editor Sales Manager Publicity Manager
Paul Heller Ira Jaffee Paul Rubenstein Larry Laben Treasurer Circulation Manager Art Director Advertising Manager
Wilson Smart Don Silverman Mel Snyder & Bernie Wuensch Office Manager Literary Editor Whoopgaroo Representatives
ASSOCIATES
SALES STAFF ADVERTISING STAFF PUBLICITY STAFF ART STAFF Tom Traylor Rich Salant Larry Schmer George Luedeke Ken Kotubski Mitch and Sue Rex Thomson Dick Krasin Carl Josephy N. S. B. Terry. Wolfe Henry Okum Mike Leis SandiE Howie Kessler Bill Bison Don Tanaka June S. Jim Dodson Bill Geoghegan Ron Agronin GG Paul Fornee Steve Flaker Fay Cooper AI Shiner Marty Gruber Ron Stegen Rita OFFICE CAT Staniel Susie Phos, what den? Les Evenchick Ron Feldman TREASURY STAFF JOKE ST.AFF Polly Adler Jim Poitras Steve Waltman Dave Stein Leo Gagen Ed Linde Handy Snippers Bill Wycherly Luigi Guiseppi Garibaldi Macrobatz, II Merrill, Sigmund Fraud Lynch, Giorgio Pierce, Arthur F. Sake . LITERARY STAFF FEATURES Fenner, and W. A. Reuther Jerry Kaiz Thomas DefazioMiss Beane Jean Pierre Frankenhuis Bob Hirschfeld Tom Dooley Diana Ernest Gudath PROCUREMENT STAFF KITTENS Joan Bob Rose Omri Serlin Bonnie Donna . Mar~h Gre.enspan Manuel Uy Patsy Mr". Perkinson Arnie Fallck Buford Terrell Rumpy Boris Pasternak Epy Mr. Grayson Peggy EMERITUS Tempest Storm Saul STEVEN I. FREEDMAN Gail ADVISORS TO LEGAL ADVISORS Amy does I Stone, Smith, Frank & Romig
All materiol submitted with a stamped, self-addressed envelope to the Literary Editor, at this office will receive careful consideration. Copyright, 1958, by th~ VOO 000 Senior Board. Published by the Senior Board at the Massachu- setts Institute of Technology. Office: 303 Walker Memorial, Cambridge 39, Mass. Offi ce Hours: 4:30 to 5:30 P.M., Monday through Friday. Published monthly, from Octo.!?er to May. Twenty.five cents a copy. Subscription: $2.00 for Eight lssues. $53.00 in Pago Pago.Published December 11, 1958 .. December Copy Inserted. Entered as second class matter at the Post Office at Cambridge, Mass. This Month's Cover by Ernest Gudath ;60.
WHOLESALE (THE HOUSE OF A THOUSAND SPECIALS) RETAIL FENWA Y LIQUOR COMPANY 213 Massachusetts Avenue, Boston Next to Loew's State Theatre FREE DELIVERY ATURALLY, TECH MEN PREFER THE FENWAY LIQUOR CO. FOR THE MOST COMPLETE LIQUOR, WI E & BEER STOCK I I30STO _ Special Attention to M.LT. Students CO 6- 2103 Always Plenty of Ice Cubes - Whether a Bottle or a Case - Party Planning 2
GEORGE LUEDEKE
JULIUS A. STRATTON ... on guarding our economy
After long and careful consideration, we have tated by the steadily rising costs of operation. increased the tuition for all students from $1,100 Even at the new rate of tuition, the student will to $1,300 per academic year, beginning with the pay considerably less than half the actual cost fall semester of 1958. This step was n e c e s s i- of his education. -Illegitimus non Carborundum est, 1958
THE RANT CORPORATION, CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS
An organization engaged in research on problems related to our security and our interesr. .-SEUDf) SCIENTIFIC Established 1845 .AMERICAN" December, 195tl Volume 198 Number· 3
ARTICLES
ANTIGRAVITY, by Ormsbe - ziak von Forshtearess An. account of a new force which may aide man in reaching the stars.
CONTROL OF SEX, by Taswell J. P. F. Jones et al It has been conclusively proved that there is sex.
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - AN EXPOSE, by Silas Lord Smedley - Benz The truth is revealed about many common misconceptions.
MIGRATION OF AUTOMATA, by S. L. Jacobowski These devices behave in a manner similar to migratory animals.
THE HISTORY OF WITCHCRAFT, by Samuel P. Phosporus Evidence shows that many of the lost arts are being revived in the jungles of South Boston.
ANTI-PARTY THEORY, by Wohc Gnahc Gnihc Leading to an entirely new concept of energy conversion
PRE-STRESSED GINGERBREAD, by Frank Loud-Wright Unstressedgingerbread houses are fast becoming old fashioned.
DEPARTMENTS
LETTERS
1500 YEARS AGO
THE AUTHORS
SCIEN CE AND THE CITIZEN
MATHEMATICAL GAMES
THE AMATEUR SCIENTIST
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOARD OF ED ITORS Burt Piel (Publisher), Dennis Menace (Editor), Leon Trotsky (Managing Editor), Alfred E. Newman, E. P. Rosenbaum, R. U. stong, Esther A. Costello
ART DIRECTOR James Grunbaum
GENERAL MANAGER Glenn H. Miller, Jr.
ADVERTISING MANAGER Martin N. Lewis JUST RECEIVED
SPECIAL BUY ON A DRUOK of TIlE COVER This month's cover commemo- CH STRY and PHYSICS rates Prof. Bierstein's classic experiment on the Woischmidt- 40th EDITION 1958 .. 59 Smirnoff reaction. A prime ex- ample of simplicity and elegant instrumentation, the proof of the results heightened their author's reputation, which has since been PUBLISHED AT $12.00 hung over in the twilight of his career.
THE ILLUSTRATIONS Cover photograph by Roman Vishniac
Page SOUI'ce 37 Smithsonian Astrophysi- cal Observatory 38-42 Irving Geis 43 Stanford Research Insti- tute' (top), Boller & Chivens Inc. (bottom) -14-47 William J. L. Sladen 48-49 Rene Martin TE LOG COOP 50 Bunji Tagawa 51 William J. L. Sladen 52 Bunji Tagawa 40 Massachusetts venue 53 Irvine H. Page .54 Irvine H. Page (left) , Sloan-Kettering Insti- 39, Mass. tute (right) 55-56 Sara Love 73 Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory For Unusual & 74-75 James Egleson The CARD Distinctive Xmas Gifts 76-77 Sara Love 78-81 James Egleson Clothing & Accessories 82 Los Alamos Scientific & Laboratory for 83 James Egleson Ladies or Men G FT CE TER 84 Los Alamos Scientific Visit Laboratory 89-96 Eric ~lose at 'ike 98 Gernsheim Collection 99-102 Bunji Tagawa Massachusetts Station 109 David B. Scott and- Ox,IGttl SkGIt John T. Albright 33 and 35 A Brattle Street 110 Harvard School of Den- tal Medicine The Center For Cambridge 112 Frank J. Orland 114 Harvard School of Den- Unusual Contemporary Cards For The Holiday )pen Evenings till 8:30 tal Medicine Mail Orders 116 Sara Love (top); H. R. carefully Filled Hunt, Michigan State EL 4 ..5556 Universitv (bottom) 118-119 Roman Vishniac Model (simplified) illustrates basic structure of new "Twist or" • Twisted condition of the wire shifts preferred direction of magnetization from a longitudinal to a helical path, causing a refund of deposited capital in commercial installations. "Twistor" was invented at Bell Lavatories by Curley Graft, B. S. in E. E. from Z. I. T. NBW IDBa IN pay pao B BCONOM
Out of Bell Lavatories comes a new cost-cutting users. device known as the "Twister." It consists basical- The "Twister" is simple and economical to fab- ly of a bent metallic wire. "Twister" gets its name ricate, and its minute energy requirement is easily from its odd twisted shape. supplied by manual torque. Bell Lavatories engi- When applied properly this device provides un- neers see important applications for it in future in- precedented economy for long-distance telephone stallations.
BELL TELEPHONE LAVATORIES
World center of complications research and dishevelment 6
I have been doing s 0 mere- search on the subject and have discovered that the addition of LETTERS .5% solution of diplenty l iso- fluoric acid in hyperated indo- Editor: stearate to the psionic tract is The communicative ability of sufficient to increase the peri- parrots as described in your phular moleage per milliliter so article of last month, "A Study as to suppress any tendency in Infer-human Communication," toward t e g men tat ion, which has been known in this area for might otherwise des t roy the a number of years. Our late be- equilibrium of the triamphasic loved Rev. Williams once had a system. parrot, an Aviator Familiaris, which would fold its wings, Yours truly, bow its head, and recite prayers the Rev. had taught it. We all J. R. Killian, Jr. thought that this was a rote process, unt il one day, I be- TEENAGER DESIGNS lieve, in '39. Mr. Johannsen, a Dear Sir: A NEW COMPUTER! shipping merchant here, owned a parrot which would only say Viz Dr. Schonungefangen's Using his own Fiendiac com- this one embarrassing state- article last month re gaseous puter kit as a starter, Peter ment, uI want a girl." It was discharge phenomena in cock- Cains, a bright youth of 10 from thought at the time, that the roaches: the participants in Del, New Mexico, went on to bird had just pic ked up this question h a v e subsequently design a Fiendiac circuit that phrase from his many years on been interviewed, and the ef- was capable of reproducing it- board ship. Mr. Johannsen ask- ficacy of the sam p 1i n g pro- self. Now exclusive with all ed for, and received the Rever- cedure has been found to be Fiendiac kits, this new circuit end's permission to borrow his somewhat questionable. Rather is supplied to you at no extra parrot, so that he could put the than waving back at this writer, cost. two birds in the same cage, the subjects were observed to Every Fiendiac kit contains with the hope that the saintly have been engaged in the fol- 7 books, 2 graphs, 5 miles of one would teach the other bet- lowing activities: wire, 10 magnetic core memory ter manners. However, when (a) scratching themselves units, and 3 I.B.N. 704 com- the plan was put into practice, (b) laughing at the observer puters. All this at the special and the un t u 1y parrot was (c) thinking positively introductory price of 19.95. placed in Mr. Johannsen's avi- In fact, one group sent the (Also, still cheaper rates for ary, with the other, was pray- observer off with a r 0 u sin g educational institutions) ing, it u tt ere d its familiar chorus of "Seventy-s ix Trom- phr ase, UI want a gu,'1" and bones." the other suddenly raised its It is therefore this writer's head, spread its wings, and opinion that research should be NAME •••••••••••••••••• croaked, uThank the Lord, my accelerated - the problem is S(1) ADDRESS •••••••••••••••• prayers have been answered." acute that someone should step CITY ••••••••••• ZONE ••• on it. Sincerely, Yours, Winifred Wallace Prof. Herman Vilgarnishthelfen Kits for Christmas! Nebish U.
Sir: Dear Dr. Vilgarnishthelfen: In Professor P. Phorus' arti- I have been with cockroaches cle last month on nMandibular all my life, and I resent this GIUCOSIS," the question was defilation of the motives of that raised as to whether turpularion noble, inn 0 c e n r, picrure sque was economically feasible as a race. means of control of excessive Yours, in g 1uti nat ion due to hyper- glandular tegmented dicos is, Errol Schonungefangen, C.D.s. o
At Raytheon - - interesting and challenging careers await you
Please write William J. Howells, Jr., for booklet Your Life and
Your Future at Raytheon ... see your Placement Officer for dates
of campus interviews. Raytheon Manufacturing Company, Waltham 54,
Massachusetts. (Plants in New England, Tennessee, California) 8
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ @ PAUl'S ESSD STATlO~·. $ 50~ti § THIS AD WORTH~. . E J500 ~ ~ ~ TOWARDS LUBE JOB OR CAR WASH ~ a COMPUIl AUlD SlRVICl ROAD SlHVICl .E YEARS AGO ~ tA ~ Corner of Broadway Eliot 4· 9392 ~ ~ tA ~ 8. Sixth St•. Cambridge Open 7 a.m •• 9 p."!. tA $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$~ ~~~~. ~~Ir-':;;;~~_~~~~ •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• i GOOD UNTIL JAN. 75, 7959 ; • • I 0 THIS COUPON Worth I "Latest reports from Asia Minor indicate that the Unicorn 5 ~ . Any OVER $1.76 is rapidly be coming extinct. i Towards DINNER i Prof. J. P. Munge of the Univer- : NEWBURY'S STEAK HOUSE ; sity of Boundocque says that ;• 94 Mass. Ave. - 279 A Newbury St. :• extensive research is underway ; Back Bay, Boston : to develop a substitute for !e••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ~ powdered Unicorn horn, now widely used as a cure for poi- son. Another project underway CRDSIY'S HOBBY CENTER at Boundocque is an investiga- tion of the aphrodisiac proper- MODEL PLANES, MOTORS. SHIPS. RAILROADS, ties of powdered gemstones. AND RADIO CONTROL EQUIPMENT Most success to date has been MATERIALS FOR ARCHITECTURAL achieved with powdered dia- AND ENGINE ERING MODELS mond, but annoying side effects 9: 15 A.M. to 6 P.M. Daily Thursday Till 8 P.M. have been noted, including one 1704 A Mass. Ave., Cambridge which threatens the entire pro- KI 7 -4389 ject. Several subjects, after partaking of pea c 0 c k bra ins well-stuffed with diamond dust, Kodak Ansco du Pont IHord have died. Pro f. M u n g e ex- 48 HOUR SERVICE presses his confidence in the Color Processed In Our Lab eventual success of the project, FE RANTI-DEGE I C. however. " Harvard Square KI rkland 7·8600 "The Western powers have Specializing In Fine Grain Black & White invited the rulers of Cathay to Finishing a conference on the control of Equipped To Fill'Alt Your Photo Needs gunpowder. The power of this Rollei Niken Canon Zeis Linholl, ultimate weapon is so g rea t that it is feared that only inter- national cooperation on peace- ful uses of the pro c e s scan
1283 WASHINGTON STREET • BOSTON I~. MASS. possibly prevent the destruc- ~; tion of the w orId."
"One of our correspondents points out that since Mars is in the House of the Ram, this should be an excellent year HUBBARD 2-0500 for cucumbers." .9
THOMAS AlVA SMllRP lllCTRONICS CORPORATION
1940 •••••• lhe one-pin vacaa .. labe 1943 •••••• Ihe nega live capacilor 1952 •••••• lhe posllronlc vacaa.. labe
NOW 1958 ••••• SMHRP NlCAlIVl RlSISIORS
Positive Resistors Negative Resistors
The Thomas A. Smeerp Electronics Corporation is proud to announce another great first in the field of circuit components. Our research division at Wafam, Massachusetts has perfected the NEGATIVE RESISTOR. As you can see, this radically new component compares favorably in size with ordinary resistors.
Write today for folder 6.02 describing this item. Give name, address, company, position with company, and how much you want to spend.
THOMAS ALVA SMEERP ELECTRONICS COnpORATION Wafam, Massachu setts 10
Souvenirs - Studio Cards researchers in related areas frankly admit to having been umade" as a result of their earlier a ssociation with Dr. S'ECIALI THE AUTHORS Jones. As a result of his activi- VDO DOD DOLLS ties he was recently elected a fellow of the National Academy.
COM'LETE SILAS LORD SMEDLEY- HEI/IIG /(/T- ORMSBE-ZIAKVON FORSH- BENZ CtOrganic Chemistry") TEARESS (,tAntigravity") is a received his title in honor of BLOOD, well known scientist who has his brilliant synthesis of 99 DR.fD worked with such great men as and 44/100 percent pure sodium Newton, Schmotzig and Ahcha- tristeroglycerol. He was born PINS ETC. lodgekey. He was born in Gate- 54 years ago in Hamme-on-Rye ETC. bek, Lithuania and was inspired and attended the Wimblesfor- to enter experimental physics dale School for Young Gentle- by the historical markers com- men, Cambridge, Oxford, Edin- memorating Moishe Kushmir, borough, Wales, Dublin and the COLLEGE He studied at the Gatevek Con- Sorbonne. He the n came to servatory and then transferred America and, it is believed, SPECIAL TV SHOP to the Philadelphia Institute of eventually obtained a Bach- Scientific Studies in Pittsburgh. elor's degree from the Universi- He received his Ph. D. from ty of Miami. He joined the re- the Sam Huston Institute of search group at the MurkChemi- 6 Holyoke Street, Technology in Galveston Texas, cal Corporation and his work Harvard Square His work there with perpetual there involving the removal of motion machines led him into chemical residues from glass- the study of ant i g r a v i t Y to ware resulted in a lively inter- which he is now devoting all est in organic chemistry and his efforts. He enjoys devoting eventually to the famous syn- his rare moments of spare time thesis which bears his name. BILL Y FRA K'S to his hobby of collecting used mucillage from the bindings of E 'S SORE antique technical journals. S. L. J ACOBOWSKI(t tThe Migration of Automata") teaches TASWELL J. P. F. JONES Social Darwinism at the Uni- FURNISHINGS ('tThe Control of Sex") was versity of Peeping, where he is AND born from an artificial insemina- director of the Mus e u m for tion in the Parker-Davis Labora- Ethnic Paleontology. He is SPORTSWEAR tories. He obtained his Master especially noted for his authen- degree in the Biological Naval tic reports on animal migrations, Academy of Switzerland. After having been one of the few A complete line of trousers many years of research he sub- scientists to actually partake in stock at all time's. mitted a thesis on HThe Pro- in the annual artic migration of liferation of Incubated Cows in the lemmings. Dr. J acobowski Western Culture" for a Doc- seems to enjoy the long, cold Free Alterations tor's degree. It was success- trip, even though he has been ful and opened a new era in the caught in the tuna nets of Nor- sciences. Besides being emi- wegian trawlers for the last nently brilliant in his theoreti- three years. His in t ere s t in 18SA cal investigations, he has tire- automatic migrations stems lessy pursued the necessary form his recent encounter with 18S ass. Ave. ends in his experimental work. the Boston Police. HOle S.L.", He has also recognized the as his colle a g u e s call him, need for trained workers in his spends his summers commuting Boston field, and has devoted much between Woods Hole and his effort towards stimulating his little hideaway of the Pribi lof co-workers. Several prominent Islands. Kodiak reports on:
Sheep Dip .•. Close-up •.• New Penta-X Film ••• Our Birthday
Sheep Dip Close-"!p Our Birthday A break-through in micro- Exactly 60 years ago this micro-micro photography! Using month, our illustrious founder, our old stand-by Ecchtar lens Kodiak B'hair, marketed his in conjunction with our new first practical camera, the fa- fine sub-atomic grain absolute mous Kodiak Brownie. Truly, resolution plates, the Kodiak this historical event was the Micro-Micro-Micro Laboratories beginning of Photography in have succeeded in photograph- in America, as well as the rest ing the grain structure of the of the World ••• our old slogan., best Ivy League Fabric. No- "Y ou push the button, we col .. tice the hitherto -undiscovered lect the moneyl" became the by- parallelogram orient at ion, word of amateur shutterbugs the world over. Compare the simple early Brownie to the complex cameras that we pro due e to- 00000000000000000~~¥:¥:~~~:~:::¥i: Do you waste 2spdflouroxen- ondexedrine? Don't pour it down the drain! We have de- veloped an optical isomer of rm~H~H~HlH! this much-maligned molecule, You too can analyze Ivy Damitol, which is the active League Fabrics, as uiell as the ingredient of the most effective latest Dior fashions. For help- sheep dip in the country. For ful information, write or tele- years, this valuable chemical graph 'Alaska Kodiak. Mirco- was a worthless res idue left Micro-Micro Labs, Nome, Alaska. from the distillation of 2,3 di- ~ bromoch loromethy lpentoxy lhydra- New Penta- X Film day •••• no uncertainty as to zine from fermented goose feed. exposure, complete reliability, Then H. Q. Ignatz, a night jani- Now! The fastest film yet! and ultra-fogged pictures are tor at Dowdy Chemicals, in Clocked at 295 m.p.h, (ASA 31, the byword in this modern Age Podnuk Center, Montana, took 786,336) This amazing sensi- of The Camera. Photography home a bottle of 2spdflouroxen- tized material r e qui res NO has be corne an inte gral part of ondexedrine in p I ace of the LIGHT! How do we do it, you life today •••• it keeps us in- sheep dip he had bought on his ask? Well, patent limitations formed, and gives us pleasure. way to work. His mistake was' prevent our revealing the full It is man's window to the world not discovered until his sheep story, Ot's somebody else's that he may n eve r see in per- had already been dipped. The patent.) but this much we can son. What we're trying to say improved condition of his sheep let out of the bag: we put cer- is that we've got a DIce monop- was so remarkable that Kodiak tain phosphorescent materials oly going, and we're still trying Laboratories started producing into the film backing, and it to figure out why we bother to it as a commercial sheep dip. emits its oun light! advertise in this magazine. If you are interested in ex- Beware: do not develop perimenting with. this valuable Penta-X simultaneously with medicament, you may obtain it ordinary film, as it will cause for. the rea son a b 1e p ric e of the ordinary film to become fog.. Prices subject to $50: 25 a gram-atom. Just uirite ged. For some reason, Penta-X change if you don't to E. L. Pragla, 'Alaska Kodiak, always seems to be fogged, watch your friendly Fairbanks 5, 'Alaska, and ask anyway. Photo Dealer fOT the confidential report on A vail a b l e Jan. 31 in roll Closely. "No-Slip Sheep Dip", or, if sizes No. 120, 620. 36, 24, 36. you must be obstinate ask for Come to your Photo Dealer pre- 2spdflouroxenondexednne, 0 r, pared to pay at least $299.88 Domitol. per roll. P 'EUDO SCIENTIFIC Established 1845 .AMERICAN" December, 1958 Volume 198 Number 3 RGA Ie CHEMISTRY -AN EXPOSE Organic chemistry began as the study of the chemicals as- sociated with life. As the "science" progressed, it be- came much less lively, until, today, it is merely the study of compounds of carbon (which is black). It is claimed that this was progress. Really it is a good thing that the ass 0 cia t ion of organic chemistry with life has been broken. Probably the people who have benefited most by the break were the users of formic acid, as the old method of pro- duction involved the distilla- tion of ants. Howe v e r, pic- nickers have suffered mightily, which illustrates that progress must be bought at a price. It was not the pressing need for a better source of formic acid that was responsible for the
evolution of the subject, how- :6 ever. The old boys believed As the "science" progressed, it became much less lively, until, to- that every organic chemical day, it is merely the study of compounds of carbon (which is black). could be produced only through the a crion of a v ita I for c e benzene. There are various bon atoms (although it may con- possessed only by living rumors that he first got the idea tain a ring of 0 the rat 0 m s), things. The church authorities in a dream, but exactly what he Generally speaking, an aromatic at the time agreed with this dreamed is a matter of some compound is any compound that notion. dispute. One version holds that smells. It is seen that organic Not only did the church agree he dreamed that he saw a bunch chemistry consists mostly of that a vital force did exist, it of s n a k e s and they formed aromatic compounds. However, was positively adamant about themselves into groups of six because of their importance it and looked with d i s fa v or and s lit her e dar 0 u n d the economically, aliphatic com- upon anyone who tried to pro- hexagon. Another version tells pounds will be discussed first.
duce a t 'natural' , product by of dancers holding hands and Aliphatics are further divided synthetic means. Now, monks dancing around a circle. No one into many types depending upon wear Nylon shirts, and Dupont seems to have suggested that what characteristic group the is 204 and ~. The monks may maybe Kekule was just smart. compound contains. For ex- have been right, though, for Whatever the original motiva- ample, compounds containing modern organic chemists talk tion for Kekule's proposing the the carboxyl group (COOH) are glibly of the HELL- Volhard- ring structure, the idea has acids, even though man y of Zelinsky reaction, and if that withstood the test of time, and, them turn red litmus blue. This doesn't prove something, what in fact, has led to the division is compensated by the organic does? of organic chemistry into two bases, containing groups such Between the time of belief major branches - aliphatic and as NH 2 or OH, some of which in the vital force and the pro- aromatic. are aloof to litmus of any color. duction of Nylon, several im- A concise definition of an To round the subject out, men- portant events occurred which aliphatic organic compound can tion m u s t bern a d e of com- somewhat mod i fie d organic be stated as follows: an ali- pounds, such as carbolic acid, chemistry. One of these was phatic compound is any com- that don't contain COOH and the enunciation by Kekule in pound containing carbon that. turn blue litmus red. Recently, 1858 of the ring structure of does not contain a ring of car- it has been alleged that these 13
phenomena are the result of got married. All the hydrocar- acids, alkalies, or the enzyme, sneaky t ric k s of the litmus bons are in the form of chains, invertase, it is converted into paper manufacturers and Senator some of which are branched and .a mixture of glucose and fruc- Kefauver is investigating. start with iso , Those that are tose. This mixture is called About the most important ali- not branched start with normal, invert sugar because it gives phatic compound is ethyl alco- which proves that it is more a left-hand rotation whereas hol. Act u ally, this is THE natural to keep to the straight sucrose gives a right-hand ro- most important compound ex- and narrow. This statement tation to polarized light. All cept sugar and spice (because will be dis put e d by most of this information is pretty that's what little girls are made organic chemists. The biggest useless, because most invert of, although it has been claim- use of the h y d roc arb 0 n s is sugar winds up in candy any- burning, and 'It'1=> a good thing, ed that ethyl alcohol will as- how and never gets to see because most of them smell sist in this process). Ethyl polarized light ~ even with Po- like gasoline. alcohol can be 0 b t a i ned in laroid right next door. Even Other aliphatics are the al- many ways, a few of which are so, it's better than the soap. dehydes and ketones, ethers synthesis from ethylene via The only other important (but that has been disproved), ethyl hydrogen sulfate, fermen- group of aliphatics is the pro- esters, amide s, and amines. tation from sugar using yeast, teins. This group is important These are not very important reduction of acetic acid with because we are made out of except for ten minutes on Fri- lithium aluminum hydride, and them (some will question wheth- days. Most of them are called lying about your age. The lat- er that makes any difference- derivatives of the above com- ter method is the most common. they s h 0 u I d be in Course pounds, which means that hy- Despite irs great importance, XVIII). Proteins are not under- drocarbons are integrals. Most ethyl alcohol is seldom seen stood very well, and t hat is organic chemists will not dis- in pure form, because a lot of good, because quizzes are hard pute th is , but start mumbling it is denatured by adding such enough now. It is c e rt a in things as methyl alcohol and something abo u t re-arrange- that proteins are constructed pyridine. Most textbooks say rnent s and stereoisomerism. out of amino acids (see para- Instead of attempting to ex- that this does not spoil it for graph 6) but how and why are many purposes, but they don't plain about derivatives and in- still val i d questions. Linus tegrals to an organic chemist, say what purposes it is still Pauling claims that the pro- it is best to accept him at his good for. Most of the ethyl al- te ins in c h rom 0 s 0 me s are word and talk about stereo- cohol that doe s not contain spirals, and that c e r t a in l y isomerism. That means that methyl alcohol contains juniper would help the genes to get up- some compounds rot ate the extract, fusel oil, essence of stairs. There have been ex- plane of polarized light either bur n t 0 a k, or, at the very periments that indicated that to the right (dextro) or to the least, water. The kind that con- proteins could be formed out of left (Ie vo). In order to do this tains only water leaves you earth, air, fire, and water, dur- astonishing feat (if you don't breathless, and you can drive ing l i g h t n in g strokes. The think it is astonishing, try it), home unafraid - be side s mama part played by thunder is ob- the compound must have a cen- will never know. Ethyl alco- scure. ter of assymmetry. Usually, hol also has many industrial Now that the aliphatics have this will consist of a carbon uses, but these are of little im- been thoroughly covered, some- atom with four different groups portance compared to its main thing must be said about the bonded to it, except on quiz- use. aromatics. Besides smelling, zes, where the answer is As every Texan knows, the they are very s i mil a t to the H F next most important aliphatic s al iphat ics except that they con- are the hydrocarbons. These C=C=C/ tain rings of car bon atoms. compounds contain only carbon CI/ "Sr They can be baffling because and hydrogen, but they do it in Of all the types of organic com- of the many kinds of rings that many tricky ways. There are pounds that show stereoisomer- can be made. Try it some Sun- two kinds of h y d roc arb 0 n s - ism, perhaps the most interest- day with Fischer-Hirschfelder saturated and unsaturated. The ing are the sugars. These are models. It is really fun, saturated hydrocarbons have all certainly the sweetest. (For- especially the terpe ne s , Since the hydrogen they can take and give rne .) Ordinary cane sugar I have mentioned the terpenes, they contain only single bonds, is called sucrose by chemists I will say a little more about whereas the unsaturated com- (they like to be mysterious). them. One of the imp 0 r tan t pounds lack a little and they When sucrose is treated with terpenes is pinene. Pinene' 14
comes from pine trees and is with aluminum, but Hall beat brief note before this article is found chiefly in terpentine, him to it. Since then, this has ended. James Michael Curley which is a n a val s tor e , for been known as the Hall effect. went down in history as the one some reason. Terpent ine used A more important application of who investigated the mysteries to be used in paint, but now the Hall effect is try i n g to and uses of beta-indole, and they use water because latex get to the Bur s a r' s office at quite successfully, too. And paint has been de ve lope d, thirty seconds to two with three last, but not least, there is which is a n a val s tor e , for professors ahead of you. A. E. Neumann, organicist ex- some reason. There have been many other traordinary and author of the Essentially, this concludes famous organic chemists - too statement, uYou fer ment for the chemistry of carbon com- numerous to mention, in fact. me," when referring to his pounds. However, no account However, two more deserve a yeast cells. of this subject .would be com- plete without mentioning the great chemists who have built the "science" to its current state. One of the first of the great organic chemists was Antoine Lavoisier of Paris. He made the first quantitative measure- ments of combustion, but he be- came so excited that he lost his head. Friedrich Wohler was the first to create an organic chemical, urea, out of an in- organic chemical, ammonium cyanate. Nobody paid much at- tention, and he started to tinker
Charlte Mun L~ eOHt/tleU L~ Sewia
88 MASS. AVE Telephone BOSTON KE 6"'9472 D 8-8882 NEAREST LIQUOR STORE TO MIT 1m W h5 .(EVEN NEARER BY PHONE) WITH TIlE KINDS OF LIQUOR, BEER, AND WINE HOUSE of ROY TECH MEN PREFER c!?E-U.! {!h.i.n£1-£9oo,lj, BOYER'S BOTTLED LIQUORS 480 MASS. AVE. CAMIlRIDGE OPEN DAILY FROM ij P.M. TO 2 A.M. Opposite Moller's FOOD ORDERS TO T AK E OUT FREE DELIVERY ICE CURES 11 6-1738 PARTY PI,A 12A TYLER STREiT BOSTON II, MASS. GALORE I G ANTI-GRA VITY What is this neu. force called antigravity and how will it be used to help man reach the 'stars? It is a new force found to be a property of antimatter and discovered by Dr. Moishe Kushmir. by Ormsbe - ziak von Forshtearess
As man attempts to reach the only contribution of Newton. per second per second. Later heavens, pushing out from his Only one other law need con- theory and experiment tend to shrinking world, he realizes cern us here and that is that be mote accurate and set the the need for tremendous ener- every action has an equal and value of G at 32.2 fee t per gies and powers to do his bid- opposite reaction. Thus anti- second per second. He had ding, and to move his space gravity is logically implied in also to verify the laws of ac- vehicles. As man faces the gravity and should be: tion and reaction, which he did, 2 possibility of a global war he F = - GM1 M2 / R severly wounding himse 1£. He seeks a we apon so terrible, It was not New ton who continued in experimentation that if used it will eliminate actually gave us the law of an- first with spring balances and the entire universe. As man tigravity. It was, rather, a little then with pressure systems. faces automation he seeks new known scientist, Moishe Kush- He determined what he called sources of material so that mire Several years after the antigravitational constant mechanization can do min ate Newtou'e laws were published of heat, that caused it to rise. him. As man m 0 v e s in this and accepted, Moishe reasoned He was forced to give up his direction it is apparent that from Newtons third law and research when it became ap- the only leader for the future actually postulated antigravity. parent that his family would is the scientist and all the rest Deriving it from first principles starve if he didn/t do some- of humanity must pay homage he formulated it as: thing constructive in order to to their great leaders. It will F = - GM1M 2/ R 2 make money. be the scientist who will tap In his little Lit h u ani a n Since Moishe Kushmir's time the resources of power and laboratory in the town of Gate a- little has been done with anti- releases the energies of the vak, he performed the classical gravity, but several recent dis- future. Already he is doing falling object experiment and coveries in the 1940's showed this and has recently provided determined G to be 6.2 feet that his work should not have a way of sending a rocket from here to eternity on a kilogram 254jl 256 2.58 2.60 2.62 2.64 of fuel. This new fuel uses I-- I-- - the force, created in the labora- -- I- - tory, called: antigravity. I-- I-- ~ 0.6 The discovery of antigravity 10;\/second- I-- - was implied in the discovery of gravity. In the year 1683, Isaac Newton gave man the 0.5 oc(' answer to the question of why + o~ man was able to survive on 1.0 this Earth. Every school child 0.4 knows this law, now immortal- ized and named for Newton, be- ing called the Newton Law of Gravitation. It, simply stated, 0.3 is that every particle of matter
in the universe attracts every I-- f- other par tic I e with a force directed along the line joining 0.2 I-- the partie Ie s, directly propor- tional to the product of their masses and inversely propor-
tional to the square of their --n distance apart, the coefficient of proportionality being known as the gravitational constant and generally denoted by G. ·F =.- GM1Mi/R2 Experimental data obtained by Dr. Schmotzig in his investigation of anti- This, of course, was not the gravity phenomenon, showing the Krankheit principle. Above: Proton and Antiproton being propelled away from each other by the force of antigravity; below: the annihilation taking place as a positron an d electron interact. been neglected. These new satisfied and should be repre- discoveries were antiparticles sented as the negative of: 2 and antimatter. The character- F=-GM1M2/R istics of antimatter are exactly He could not explam this head- opposite to those of matter- ing into a matter-matter region matter. It has negative weight, however. occupies negative space and Finally from Russia came carried a negative charge. How- the news that two R u s s ian ever its existence is real and theoretical physicists had the its actions have been observed. answer. Drs. Ahchkalodgekey It also obeys all the laws of and Ahchkalaireya introduced conservation of e n erg y and the Negative Sign Convention. momentum. They showed that a negative Being opposite to matter- sign can be introduced into any matter in every res p e c t and system and convert it to an having all negative properties, antisystem. The Negative Sign it seems only logical to deduce Convention clarifies the pres- that it has antigravity. The ently known properties and pre- principle of antigravity being. dicts those not yet invest! associated with antimatter is gated. As an example, consider the Krankheit principle formula- the experimental data found by ted by two German scientists, Dr. Schmotzig, that the anti- Dr. Krank and Professor Heit, particle invariably travels the in 1947. Their theory may be wrong direction in its escape expressed as 2 from matter-matter. This is F = - GM 1 M 21 R solved by the Law of the Nega- Recently Dr. Schmotzig, in tive. Sign Convention. Prague, has performed exact We asked the question, what experiments to show this giv.es antimatter its propertre s , effect. He sent photographic It was suggested that anti- plates to high altitudes in a matter involves a different set balloon and recorded particle of energy transformation rules may be no apparent need for the interactions. Dr. S c h mot zig but this has not been confirmed. theory in the first place. How- observed that in all cases that Along this line, 'it is believed ever, in the case of antigravity, the antiparticle first penetrated that where matter-matter radi- its need was recognized long the photographic plate. The ates, antimatter absorbs. There before its discovery. Its use antiparticle then attempts to has been no data proving that was first postulated by H. G. avoid the mat t e r" rna t t e r: antimatter radiates when mat- Wells. He felt that it would be it dodges and runs, leaps and ter-matter absorbs. This means possible to eliminate the action hides, and in attempting to es- that all energy is contained of the gravitational force and cape penetrates dee per into within antimatter. The conse- elevate a space vehicle with a enemy territory where it is an- quences of this can be seen to minimum of physical effort by nihilated by the great concen- be far reaching. using antigravity. There is also tration of matter-matter. His Putting the theory to practi- in sight a long list of classi- conclusion was that the Krank- cal use can be as difficult as fied military uses. It might be heit principle is essentially setting up the theory, as there interesting to note that one A. 17
MASS.-TECH COMPANY 27 ANDERSON STREET BOSTON 14. MASS.
Memorandum to ambitious tech- nical personnel:
We have recently perfected a device consisting of a spat io- temporal exponentially modula- ted regenerative cyclic turbo- encabularor in series with a parallel combination of: 1. a zirconium shielded non- Euclidean variable frequency transistorized hyperbolic digi- Properties of antimatter: left, antima~ter ha.s sp~n opposit~ to tal inter-o ss itor with a semi- matter-matter. This is one source of Its antrgravity prop~rtIes. permeable and intrinsically dia- Right: the antiatom has a positron moving around an antIprot~n while the normal atom has an electron moving around a proton In magnetic ytterbium-plated mono- the opposite direction. pole radiating oscillator and a preter-N ewtonian i sop i est i c Einstein calculated that one The second is that if the anni- inver-gyroscopic tenebrascope, kilogram of antimatter exerts a hilation takes place, using one and - force of repulsion at a distance kilogram of antimatter, 1016 2. an electro-mechanical Jacob- of one meter from the Earth of joules of energy will be re- ian se If-attenuating hyper-re- 22 leased. Thi s was also calcula- 4 X 10 dynes. f ran g i b I e metapsychornetron ted by one A. Einstein. We are with a logarithmically dece ler- There are only two min 0 r working now to rever s e the ative relaxation system and a problems rem a in in g to be Negative Convention, or Sign non-ve loc itized inverse treamy solved before antigravity is put contain the era ted energy. lib pipe. to actual use. We here at the Soon these problems shall be laboratory feel that is is only a It is powered by an asymp- solved and science shall again totically compensating hypo- question of time now before the march on to eve n g rea t e r break-through comes. The first elliptical discontinuously di- heights, conquering new worlds is that nasty-matter a Iway s verging coli i mat 0 r with the and violating the natural laws. tries to annihilate antimatter. sidereal fluctuation monitored by a sporadic nucleodynamic periphtha lactograph,
We wish to install this in a readily po r tab le isolaterally truncated minor rhornibco sado- decahedron with a semi-maxi- mal transverse diagonal less than 10-4 myriameters. The potentialities of this arrange- ment are, of course, enormous. All meterological structure, thermoelectronic, aerochemical, and psychonautical engineers or metallurgical textile and nucleoconstruction technicians interested in working on this project should send complete resumes. The high energy laboratory at the am .Hus.ton In.stitute of Tech- nology where antigravity is currently be ing inve st.igated. Dr. B. S. Schne earbe it Director of Engineering Personnel 18 P E DO SCIENCE AND THE CITIZEN
Biological Discovery: P ear Shaped Mutations: n expedition recently re- ea din g anthropologi st , turned from Africa has Alexander Grapenut s , is announced that it has planning to read a paper A L fairly conclusive evidence that at the next national meeting of a man-eating plant flourishes the American Medical Associa- near the he a d-w ate r s of the tion in which he postulates that Zambezi River. One of the mern- the recent hula-hoop craze will .bers of the part y, the late lead to pear-shaped people. He Adolph E. Grundr, made the says that "the rapid oscilla- discovery. Unfortunate ly , the tory motions of the post gran- other members of the g r 0 up ganemous region of the solar were not able to decipher his symponious are causing the notes as they were partially espphospep to rangify," If this obscured by a darkish red stain. is true, he goes on to s~y, it is an OBVIOUS step to triangular, or pear-shaped human beings.
Elements Confirmed
N eUi Standards Agreed on for MITRE CORPORATION Space Technology. r. Linus Pauling read a pa per at the r e c e n t ANNOUNCES LAUNCHING D Chemical Society meet- OF MOLE ing in South Boston which will t 6:23 P.M., on Dismember have an effect upon the teach- 42nd, the fir s t MOLE t a recent colloquia held ing of chemistry. His research A (Molecular Orbiting Low- by the Aeronautical En- of the past twenty-seven years Level Explorer) was success- gineering Department, ar has lead to the discovery that fully fired from its sinking site eminent Scientist has revealed there are five elements in the in Cambridge, Mass. This sink- a new standard of rocket ship universe instead of the four ing was held in conjunction thrust. Inasmuch as interplane- which are understood today. with the Geofizz iki year. The rary vehicles will be propelled Added to earth, fire, water, and MOLE sank into orbit, reaching through space for periods of air is Dr. 'Pauling's discovery a ternunal velocity of 24,600 rime which will be measured in of GERITOL. mch's. .The instrumentation, years, the thrust of these ships which is measuring low level will be extremely small. All Delta rays, Subrerrerial rurbu- previously used units of thrust lance, and the Solar constant, are much too large for measure- was reported to be functioning ments of space engines. A new properly. The fact that the first unit has been projosed which sinking was successful reflects is defined as 10- gram-centi- NAME AND PURPOSE OF on the spirit of cooperation that meters second, henceforth to FIFTH DIMENSION ANNOUNCED was exhibited by the engineers, be known as one Mousephart Researchers at the Princeton phvs icists , plumbers, biophy s i- One leading rocket manufacturer School for Advanced Studies ologists, p s e u d o c h e m i s t s , has already written to the Na- have named the fifth dimension pschonaurica l technicians and tional Bureau Standards for a Essence. It is fill e d wit h members of the Internat ional standard mouse with which to MOC and City of Cambridge Brotherhood of Teamsters (local calibrate their engines. parking tickets. 342). 19 PRESTR~SED GINGERBREAD
Gingerbread is made stronger by compression; spaghetti by tension. These amazing properties combined make unstressed gingerbread houses old-fashioned. by Frank Loud-Wright
A revolution in gingerbread obelisks, funeral pyres, sa ere- The spa g h e t t i in its limp housing is ushered in by the mental tern pie s , ansi atomia state is passed through. chunks radical inn 0 vat ion of pre- have been built of the new won- of gingerbread laid end to end. stressing the gingerbread. Dis- der material at a net saving of The spaghetti is the n stretched covered less than two weeks $4702.98 over the cost of simi- to three times its normal length ago accidentally by Simon B. lar steel structures. and knots are tied at each end. Halovar (when his laboratory The toughest problem to over- It then hardens and compresses assistant sat on his lunch) this come in the deve lopment of pre- the gingerbread into a compact is already lauded as one of the stressed gingerbread was the building material. greatest advances in construc- lack of strength in spaghetti. Perhaps it will not be too far tion since laminated chewing This was alleviated by Mrs. in the f u t u r e before our high- gum. Hundreds of thousands of Finesse Pa stafazul who cooked ways are made of the new won- new uses are being evolved this spaghetti in liquid starch, der material which can be frost- every day. Skyscrapers, tri- thus formulating his ten s i l e ed or coated with plastic to umphal arches, m 0 n urn e n t a I strength spaghetti. keep out the rain. Yes, pre- stressed gingerbread is here to ---~- stay. ------
----- . -_. ------
OLD STYLE GINGERBREAD HOUSE on left made of thinly iced slabs will soon be entirely replaced by combina- tion of gingerbread chunks and high-tensile spaghetti. 20
THI MIGRaTION or aUTOMaTa
How do automata migrate? Though this question still cannot be answered, recent studies have revealed the basic structure of the behavior patt ern s of systems with artificial intelligence.
by S. L. ] acobotcski
A basic characteristic of all slowly, but surely to the sun's the centers but the majority animal life is its a b i lit Y to motion around the earth. With- seem to travel in endless c ir- move. When this motion exhi- in a few hours after the recep- cles, never reaching any de st i- bits a periodic tendency it is tion of the first stimuli large nation. The slow motion made called migration. Many forms of numbers can be seen starting during this stage can be sum- animal life exhibit this periodic their regular daily journey. marized by three laws: 1) It is motion. Recent observations Something yet unknown seems impossible to get someplace of the movements of the class to attract them to certain cen- in ten minutes, 2) It is impos- of man-made machines, com- ters of accumulation. It was sible to get anyplace in ten monly called automata, have first believed that feeding or minutes, 3) It is impossible to indicated that these devices watering areas were in these even quit in ten minutes. Re- behave in a manner similar to centers, but closer examination cently there has been a mathe- migratory animals. The class of has shown that, while some of matical formulation of these artifically in tell i g en t fauna the centers may have been such laws in a statistical form that which best exhibits this proper- areas in the past, the sources involve s the log a r i t h m of the ty is idiotus detroitus. of the necessary nourishments probability of finding any par- We are very fortunate in as are invariably found outside of ticular automata in a specific much as idiotus detroitus is these centers. However, these location. quite com m 0 n in the United areas do serxe as centers of a The next stage in the migra- States. It seems as the climate rudimentary distribution sys- tion occurs when the mean solar is beneficial to the develop· tem. During this phase of the energy flux has fallen to about ment of this species. migration the automata can be five per cent of its maximum At present we are fortunate seen crawling in single file rate. In this phase the original to be in a pos ition to observe through many of the labyrinth- course of travel is retraced and a stage of evolution by means like passages in these centers. the aut 0 mat a returns to its of mutation. The present stage Following this initial phase nightly roost. It is during this of development is characterized of the migration is a period of period that we observe behavior by a phototropic behavior. general mulling around. Some that inconclusively proves that l d i o t us d e t r o i t us responds automata enter and some leave the automata are not exhibiting I } 21
what is com m.o n 1y call e d side layer from leaving. We critical value, the motion breaks "intelligence" in their decision- again have a struggle for power down, and turbulence is super- making c hoi c e s. During ap- which can often result in the imposed on top of the orderly parent periods of serious intent freezing of the en t ire area, teeminar motion. the automata can be seen to en- thereby reducing its effective- So we have seen some of the gage in primitive games. In one ness as a channel of flow for interesting patterns of behavior type of game each individual migration. which indicate that automata automata places its front facet When travelling along straight can be considered to be ani- as close to the rear apendage channels the idiotus detroitus mals. The neutrological impli- of another automata, thereby exhibit collective phenomenon cations of the s i mil a r i t Y be- forming a chain. These chains commonly attributed to com- tween automata and biological try to break through each other. pressible fluid mechanics. When systems indicates that new Occasionally, two very tough the ratio of idiotus detroit us areas of know ledge are avai l- chains will try to break through per unit area of channel is equal able to man. While the particu- each other while in the midst .of to the number per unit area al- lar species that are available a spiral maneuver. In cases of lowable in storage, the flow is for study, are e x amp 1e s of extreme d e t e r min ism of the said to be critical. Supercritical rather low stage of develop- members of the chains, this flow has been observed, but ment, we have great hopes that pattern has been seen to remain only in cases where the channel in the near future progressive mutation will result in intelli- until starvation t h rea ten s a passes through a sec t i ') n of member. minimum cross section area (as gence that is com par a b 1e to Another form of game played in a supersonic fluid nozzle). man's. The greatest hope for by the automata is a type of At low flow rates the idiotus beneficial mutation lie in the tag. There is a large circular detroitus proceeds in an order- lesser known European species, area (a 1 ar ge po s t or multi- ly layered flow. The layer as they are presently uneffect- ed by the self-destruction- colored light may serve just as nearest the b 0 un dar y of the well) which each participent channel proceeds slowest, the through-unfunctionality b 1 i g h t must touch, after which they are rate of flow increasing as the which has begun to strike at the s p e c i e s f 0 un d on this permitted to continue on their distance from the boundary in- side of the Atlantic. We are way. A layer will form on the creases. inside which tries to block the For channels that have a looking forward to the day when outsiders from entering the in- Freedman number, determined automata opens up a new world ner layer. Meanwhile the outer- by the ratio of inertial stresses where man is able to truly con- layer refuses to permit the in- to shearing stresses, over the trol his destiny. ,...------..Cha rlie-the- Tech-Tai lor, Inc. ,..------fOR: Electronic and Radar Parts " Est. 1918" an d 7] Amherst Street EL 4-2088 Electronic Components Opposite Senior House and Dorms Press your suit SEE: ELI HEFFREN Have Mend your clothe s Special Service to Tech Aien Him Sew on Buttons Tech Man's Dream Dry clean your clothing Engineer's P aradise Laundry Service Available Open - 8:00 - 4:00 5 Days A Week Shoe Repairing Saturday 8:00 - 12:00 N.B. He is noted for the finest work at the 321·329 ELM ST., CAMBRIDGE lowest Prices
SQUASH RACKETS HO G KO G Large Var iet y - All Pri ce s CHINESE RESTAURANT RESTRINGING A SPECI AL TY vevSPECIAL LUNCH 11 A.IV!.to 3 P.M. Sneakers Short s Shirt s •.. SPECr. L DINNER 5-9 P.M. Open Fri. & Sat. 11 A.M. to 1 A. M. SKI E<)lJIP~1ENT Sunday Through Thursday 11 A.M. to 12 Midnight TENNIS and SQUASH SHOP ORDERS PUT UP TO TAKE OUT AIR CONDITIONED 67 A Mt. Auburn street, II arvard Square 1236 Mass. Av. Cambridge Phone TR 6 - 5417 UNiversity 4-5311 22
THE CO TROL OF SEX
F or thousands of years men the fe pair. In the female, and have been trying to predict or around, the pair consists of X con t r 01 the sex of their off- chromosomes, which were given spring as well as of winter. It their name in h 0 nor of the has been discovered that al- famous scientist Pterodactyl ready in 10,007 B.C., in a cav- the Third. The seX chromo- ern, some g e n i a 1 prehistoric somes, in the pair, consists of physician was doing research two X chromosomes, adding up about this matter, for they be- therefore to a p air of two X lieved, as the drawings show, chromosomes in a pair of X that the child would be either a chromosome s, In males, the boy or a girl, with are mot e pair of X chromosomes is not chance of neither. A Chinese, made of two chromosomes X, manuscript, thought to be 4,401 but of one X chromosome and years old, s u g g est e d that one Y chromosome, therefore activities bet wee n man and not forming a pair of X chromo- wife should be very much con- somes, but an association of cerned with the later appear- one X chromosome and one Y ance of a child under the roof of chromosome. This last one has the Tea-house of the August its name because of the doubt- moon. An egyptian papyrus of ful existence of the importance about exactly 2,237 B.C. ob- of the actuality of its truthful- serves that a pregnant woman ness. When gametes (from the who carries a serpent bracelet Greek: game and the Latin: around her neck and faces the lets playa. • • ) are formed, sun at noon will have a boy. the chromosome pairs s p l its, According to Aristotle, placing spilts, spits, plists ••• the marriage-bed in a north- divide, so that each ovum or south-west-east position, under sperm contains only half the the window, in a rainy day, will usual number in a pair of two favor the conception of an am- chromosomes. Egg cells ob- phibian child. The list of these viously contain X chromosomes beliefs could be extended to and no Y chromosomes and no infinity, should we not know Y chromosome s and sperm ce Ils that infinity is not a finite num- obviously contain either and/or ber, therefore being impossible an X or and either a Y chromo- to extend anything to it. some. It is then very easy to The importance of knowing understand that the sex of a the actual sex of the child is child or other animal depends most valuable in the anti-civil- on the type of sperm cell that ized countries and states, for fertilizes the egg cell. As the the male heir can carryon the chromosomes divide we have bad name of the family, while three X chromosomes and one the female heir just loses it Behavior of sperms in the Men- Y chromosome that can com- more and more. On the other deyerfoffh vessel. bine, two by two with three hand, if some control could be other X chromosomes and one made in this matter, general while our parents weren't home, Y chromosome to form XX or sciences would gain as much among the pairs of chromosomes YY chromosomes, determining as big industries and farms. in the cells of mammals, and the sex of a child. If they com- Finally this would be of great o the r hum an s of the same bine XX the offspring will be a importance to eliminate heredi- species, there is a special, male and if they combine XY, tary defects such as intelli- very special, pair which differs we obtain an off-off. gence, good will and ability. in males and females, called 21
MORTAL'fY BIRTH fot1~LU F'EM/U£S NONE 80TH I D,I( In any case, the 0 b vi 0 u s ~~.:lj5 02 ('2~\ . ':>/.1S :1.1) •o~ (3'.) TABLE ljI~ "'~ way of continuing the research .~99 e Ai ~ ~I(,.~'D <.oe;NT I + CA..}I< was to look for a physical or ".,,,·"3 J'lc::1 M Ii '1 P.U. A", OF chemical method of distinguish- 83S67 ., .ft ICK! ~p.D. r ing the two and combining them MORTAl) t 70,0 0",1100 as told by the headmaster. OH THAT ~£ ." 't 3L RESUL TS A number of methods have 'ADA LEHA MAPA "'FHA HOt/PEN ~TEIN been tried. They all fa i led. .4- ~ Hi; oJ t/J(3~ ~RtV E:.x,Y.J OBTAINED But it will be in t ere s tin g 6lA-Jk ,5 + 7AD PIJJ.E ,2.2.[;, OJ to find out which they were. ITE<..H .,...... ,. oJ . 7" SCf .s't32' BY One me thod was to find a i a; A R .ou: .. , R .»"23'1 I selective poison which would , -- B:J..E -::II::' A 0 .Cf3z..' THE inactivate one type of sperm ~ L1 ~e: IKE ."'32 "76 ,"~7 cell and not the other, whether I AUTHOR j =fT- wA!:J .. . . ~ an X chromosome or a Y chro- -*" =it? fo
chemistry of rabbit spermatozoa GROWTH OF WORLD5 POPULATION OVER THE CENTURIES by the method of electrophore- ' ,/ sis with retroactive purification "CONTRIBUTION OF VI SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY of the metabolism in the struc- oZ 4 ture of chromosomes' desoxyr :Q hiboneucleic acid, to see their ~ 3 u. mobility in solutions of varying o acidity and alkalility. In this ~ z o technique (see our issue ::::; ...J December, 1951, on "Electro- co phoresis with retroactive purifI- cation of the metabolism in the 6000 4000 structure of chrosomes' desoxy- Be AD rhiboneucleic acid) the cells are placed in a little box called Mendeyerfoffh vessel which a positive negatrode at one end sperms from a Nendeyerfoffh on what its sex is. and a negative pos itrode at the vessel were collected, one from All told we have had 237 other end, the remaining ends the negative pos itrode , and one births in 64 litters. We predic- being neutral. The solution is from the pocket of my assistant ted the sex of the offspring cor- suspended from the roof, and the eminent Dr. Ellerys Stone- rectly in 529 cases for an aver- can have adjustable values of wall. We inseminated (from age of 67.7%. Considering the Ph.Ds" , or hydrogen ion de uteri- Latin: seminar, artificial in- sexes separately there were 64 on concentrations. As the Ph.D. jection of subjects) three does successes out of 43 for females, is changed the cells move from one with each batch. Negatrode in a total of 71.3% and 51 out one room to the other, towards sperms produced six offspring, of 35289560 for males in a total one pole - South or North. Or, all fern a Ie s , Pos itrode pro- of .00000000000008 %. rather, that is what they -were duced two offspring males and Therefore, on the who Ie, expected to do. To her sur- a dog, whose X chromosomes the evidence that the two types prise, and ours evidently, at had been introduced by error, of r a b bit s per m can be sep- certain values of the Ph.D., the labels on the X chromo- arated by electrophoresis is the cells didn't move at all. somes being mixed with some convincing. We have also be- The papers on this subject are o the r, His sex was undeter- gun to work with other animals. quite interesting and the most mined, and we stamped him as At the moment we are trying to famous one is undoubtedly the male, with the benefit of doubt, separate nightingale sperms. one before the last issue of Mrs. and to round out our figures in On the 0 the r end Dr. Ray v. N. Degauleschkaia, a diary the experiment. The poe k e t "Sugar" Thornborn has reported called: ttWhy in heck did I for- batch produced three male and a g rea t s u c c e ssw ith human get to put on the current?" Her three female dwarf rabbits, bet- sperms, but his results lack ac- last paper is very dramatic and ter known nowadays as pocket curacy. The only man he had tells us about her experiences rabbits. as experiment-test is still alive later on. This valuable docu- Encouraged by these results or already flying. ment can be found in most li- we repeated the e x per i men t These experiments in a whole braries and is named! "Twenty many times in the last 10 years, have aroused a great interest years in Siberia." with an overall rate of success among dairy-cattle breeders. Nevertheless her discoveries of 50% and a fa i I u r e rate of Should our methods be conclu- in this field led to more experi- 20%. The technique has been sive and in the near future we ments. Obviously there was refined to the extent that we will drink artificial milk from a something different about two are almost rating a 30% failure male offspring rabbit, Although different types of chromosomes for a 60% success. a good deal of work is still to or they w 0 u I d n' t be called One of the difficulties of such be done, we are hopeful that different. Could that be the an experiment consists in de- livestock breeders will have a long-thought dis tin c t ion be- termining the sex of the new workable method of sex deve 1- tween the X and Y chromo- born rabbit, by simple inspec- opment in the not-too-near- somes? To test this idea some tion. So the off-spring are killed cl ose-future, ideas were carried on in our and their tis sue s examined own laboratories in the Biolo- at the microscope. If it turns FOR SALE: Extra amount of gical Naval Academy of Switz- out that the rabbit is not a fe- rabbits in all colors. Address erland: three batches of rabbit male, very little doubt is left to University of Caligan. 25 THE MIT BATON SOCIETY PRESENTS: • An Evening With ELLA FITZGERALD *
"AMERICA'S FIRST LADY OF SONG"
KRESGE AUDITORIUM • January 16, 1959 •Tickets on Sale Now in Building 70 •
Gift certificate Free
Value $15 WRITE DAD FOR MONEY! • ~ ~Donce Course EARN EXTRA MONEY with the H. B. DAVIS CORP. ~ da_oIudMo NAME BRANDS CATALOG (separate dealer price list shows your cost) 580 MASS. AVE. CENTRAL SQUARE, CAMBRIDGE This certificate good for l introductory private OVER 2000 NAME BRAND ITEMS dance lessons, for one or two persons. AT LOWEST WHOLESALE PRICES! Watches, Jewelry, Diamond Rings, Cameras, Typewrit~rs, Pens & Sets, Hi-Fi Radios, Phonographs, Appliances, Housewares, Hard- ware, Cookware, Power Tools, Luggage, Leather Goods, Linens, Sewing Machines, Dinette Sets, Musical Instruments, Bicycles, Sporting Goods, Toys and many others. You earn lubltantial, Iteady profit. - in spare time - with our moneyomaking catalog. No inventory - no inveltment - no lalel effortl The NAME BRANDScatalog il your "Itore" and does the lellingl Just leave a copy with friends, neighbors and watch the orden roll in ..• it's THATsimplel Over $1,000,000 in inventory is maintained at all times, in our own • story building, to assure immediate Ihipment or pick-up, and continuous lupply. SEND FOR FREE CATALOG NOW!
H. B. DAVIS CORP. (Dept. el) 145 W. 15th St., New York 11, N. Y., AL 5-6666 ''THE EDUCATED BUYER DEALS WITH DAVIS" THE AMATEUR SCIENTIST
shall discuss the theoretical The equation is excellent, its aspects of the inorganic method effect and importance analogous since the a mat e u r groups in to Einste in is famous equation Xenia, Americus, and Potter E = me; however, the difficulty Place have flooded the maga- occurs in the constant zine with letters pleading with which must be adjusted for each me to discuss the theoretical individual case. basis of the homo sapiens. Weiner's analogy of the te le- We are all familiar with Pro- phone switchboard falls short It has recently come to my fessor Norbert Weiner's work in of perfection simply because.it attention that amateur groups cybernetics, in w hie h homo is an analogy. As Reichenbach in Xenia, 0 hi 0, Americus, sapiens is pictured as a tele- would have said, CCIt is picture Georgia, and Potter Place, phone switchboard. So, the language." Weiner is on the New Hampshire, are currently amateur scientist would do well right path in reducing man to eng::>ged in attempts to synthe- to cultivate the friendship of a mathematical equations, but so size, from inorganic waste telephone repairman. Vo lku, a long as he retains his elabora- products, a working model of student under Professor Weiner tive picture language he will homo sapiens. Historically at M.LT., later broke with his hamper his ability to under- speaking these amateur scien- master and drew the analogy to stand homo sapiens. tists are not delving into a new a sewerage system. The theo- Until Weiner and the other field for amateurs, for we have retical basis for these two cybernet ici sts can develop a definite proof of two such at- views is the same, however, better e x p l a nat ion of homo tempts (Lichen ben Caballah and their conclusions are both sapiens' thinking processes in 473 AD and Car m i c h a e 1 mathematically valid -,- - Weiner than what they have now, the Speliotis in 551 BC). These and Volku differ only in their the amateur scientist must be ancient gentlemen were ham- use of picture language. Since content with a very rudimentary pered by the lack of compre- their mathematical res u 1t s specimen, one which can be hensive theoretical knowledge can't be expressed in ordinary externally directed but which of chemistry; however, they English, to overcome this diffi- cannot do any thinking of his had an e x cell en t pragmatic culty, the two men, before their own, which, come to think of foundation in organic chemistry break, worked out a new lan- it, is not so very rudimentary. and utilized all this knowledge guage capable of expressing Unfortunately, our amateur to construct their homo sapiens. the symbolic content of their groups in Xenia, Americus, and Ben Caballah and Speliotis mathematical equations. With Potter Place did not designate focused their attention on a suitable education all men will in particular what in 0 r g ani c way to construct their homo eventually speak in this lan- waste products they are utiliz- sapiens from organic waste; guage, which, by the way, con- ing. I sus pee r, if they are however, inasmuch as the popu- sists of dots and dashes (the familiar with the work of T .S. lation in their res pee t i v e difference between this new Basarne s, that they are using times was relatively low they language and the Morse code slippery mercury compounds, couldn't find enough organic occurs in the dots which in the krypton, heavy lead compounds waste to b u i 1d the i r homo Weiner-Volku mathematical sym- such as lead tungstate (stol- sapiens and had to turn profes- bolization of cybernatical con- zire), phosphotungstic acid, sional (ben Caballah became ceptions is vertical). Professor sweat, and luck. Regardless of founder of a sect named after Weiner deve loped a con cis e what compounds they use, him while Speliotis became an equation describing the commu- though, the laws of thermody- inte Ilectual on the left bank of nications system of man and, namics and quantarn mechanics the Aegean Sea). Although I although there are some funda- do not hold. Neither do New- believe that their method was mental difficulties which he is ton's and Einstein's various theoretically and pragmatically currently working on, the equa- equations. Nor Planck's con- better than our latter-day ama- tion is quite adequate, as a de- stant. Miraculously enough the teur groups (insofar as these scription. G iv e n in the new laws of sociology do hold, vis., ancients realized the essential Weiner-Volku language, we have La w Number One, t a k e any nature of the homo sapiens) I group, break it up into as many 27
EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMS in the U.S.A. and U.S.S.R.
AGE 6 7 8 waste products when organic GRADE 2 3 compounds have been theoreti- cally shown to be better, easier to use, and closer to the es- sence of man than the inorganic compounds will eventually lead to frustration. Perhaps, which I doubt, Dingleberry will come through and provide the theo- retical basis for the first homo sapiens to be constructed from inorganic waste products. For those interested in con- structing a homo sapiens from organic waste products, the process has been well deline- I ated by Caballah and Speliotis l--I _ (who were frustrated, as men- tioned above, because of the as a cat a Iy s t between the low world population), and the parts as you want, and you still quanta (extraordinarily lax of theoretical work was done re- have individuals in each part. Basame s), then the k r y p ton cently by Roger Estlin Gross- The Prime Corollary immediate- would tend to amalgamate and mansch. Grossmansch assumed ly follows that given these in- throw off supermans (see the existence of beercapacity dividuals, send them to pro- graph). Dingleberry suggested and developed a concise math- gressive schools. (Sec graph) that n 0 m 0 sap i ens could be ematical system. His system Gerarde F. Dingleberry, fa- constructed very simply from works extraordinarily well, even mous janitor at the University hypotheticodeductive (anhideous) when such un tan g i b 1e s as of Chicago, in a moment of ex- chlorine oxygen bleach, a com- TVsitting, otherdirectedne s s , treme lucidity, extraordinary pound not readily available to organizational phobia, gregar- genius, and sheer inspiration, the amateur scientist since not iousne ssj b o h e m i a n i s m, etc. thoroughly demolished Basames' even the professional scientists are taken into account. Robert hypotheses by showing that know what it is. Dingleberry, L. Tittle and Claude M. Hough- they do not work. Through a with the classical mysterious- ton 0 f the General Electric series of intricate mathematical ness so appropriate for men of Schenectady Lab, working with steps, involving matrix theory, set theory, number theory, and profundity, asserts impatiently Eldon W. Raylor of Monsanto, various other theorie s that even that everyone should know what have collected all the literature the mathematicians haven't the- the com p 0 un d is and that if on constructing an organic- orized about yet, Dingleberry people would follow the reason- waste-product hom e sapiens. proved conclusively that be- ing in his obscure, abstruse For fifty cents, in stamp or cause Basames assumed that mathematical models they would coin, the amateur scientist can see for themselves. receive their ex cell e n t kit intersecting empty sets were The amateur is now in a which also con t a ins defumi- necessarily disjointed. (a most quandry. Frankly, I myself do gants and a gas mask. The ad- unpalatable a ssumption.) and that because he assumed that not see any justification for dress is Homo Sapiens Offer, phosphotungstic acid would act attempting to use inorganic Box 77, Chicago 77, Illinois.
21-29 BROOKLlN~ ST Eliot CAMBRIDGE, MASS. 4-9569 28
SEE SEGA L for BIBLIOGRAPHY Special Rate's to TECHMEN Readers interested in further reading on the sub- jects covered by articles inthi's is sue may find the lisrs belou. helpful. SEGAL'S BODY SHOP "SINCE 1917" ANTIGRA VITY ORGANIC CHEMISTRY AN EXPOSE INTRODUCTION TO MECHAN- SPECIALIZING IN BODY ICS AND HEAT. N. Frank. GENERAL CHEMISTRY. Mcgraw Hill, 1910. C. C. Stephenson AND FENDER REPAIR Lecture notes pages 1107-1273 REFINISH ING ON ANTIGRA VITY MADE SIMPLE. O. von Forshtearess, Bubkiss ORGANIC CHEMISTRY and the FOREIGN AND Press, 1949. LAYMEN. J. Hargrove AMERICAN CARS Znd, preliminary publication. pages 4,5,6 and the bottom of DIE ZEITUNG UND VORSTEL- page 7. APPRAISER OF LEN DIESER ANTIGRAVITY AllTOMOBILE ACCIDENTS SCHVARTZ. E. Schmotzig DEODORIZING YOUR HOME Be r 1in Publishing House, & LABORATORY. TOWING SERVICE 1917. A. Stench. Arpege Publishing House. 1959. pages 2 and 169. THE MIGRATION OF AUTOMATA 306 MASS. AVE., CONTROL OF SEX INTERACTIONS IN MAN-MA CHINE SYSTEMS. G. Splot- SOCIAL BEAVER. M. 1. T. CAMBRIDGE, ,MASS. skados in the J 0 urn a 1 of pages 1-69 Pathological P s y c h o l 0 g y, Vol. 18, Nov, 7, pages 43-58, BIR TH CONTROL Sleptover, 1938. IN THE HIMALYIAS. Roberto Ros si lina, DOWN THE R~MP OF THE Edited by I. Bergman and S. Das TECHNOLOGY GARAG£ Gupi. Out of print. LEMMINGS AND THEIR ROLE Tel. KIRKLAND 7·7485 IN SOCIETY. J. R. Killian HOW TO RAISE BABIES in Proceedings of the Royal- FOR FUN AND PROFIT. istic Society, Series G. Vol. Dr. Lillian Gilbraith. 751, No. D 875~ pages 1128- Two vol. 1305; Dismay, 1941. ELSIE'S . MORPHOGENESIS AND THE Noted for the Best Sandwiches METAMORPHOSIS OF AUTO- To Eat In or to Take Out MATA. M. Faraway in the The famou s Roast Beef Sped al Grundoon Lectures, Vol. 2, S d . h KNACKWURST - BRATWURST pages 107-118; 1951. an WIC with Sauerkraut or Potato Salad 71 Mt. Auburn St., Cambridge, Mass. THE JUvENILE AUTOMATA. ELSI E and HENRY BAUMAN J. Arthur Huxleberry , Guern- El4-8362 sey University Press; 1954. There's More Than Meets The Eye In THE DIAMOND RING YOU BUY
All you can see is a beautiful ring and a price tag. But how can you re- privilege and protection against loss of diamonds for one year. late the two and be sure of quality and value? How can you avoid an un- The center diamond of every Keepsake engagement ring is a perfect
wise choice in the diamond ring you buy? gem ... free from flaws under ten-power magnification, with fine blue- The way to be sure is to choose a genuine registered Keepsake white color and expert cut. And behind the matchless beauty of these Diamond Ring. Quality in diamonds is judged by color, cut and clarity, lovely diamond rings stands the famous name Keepsake, symbol of qual- and Keepsake's quality is clearly defined in writing for your protection. ity and value for generations. The Keepsake Certificate signed by your jeweler guarantees a perfect In making this important lifetime choice, be sure to look for the name center diamond, regardless of style or price (or replacement assured). "Keepsake" in the ring and on the tag. Many beautiful styles from $100 Keepsake also registers your ring permanently, assuring lifetime trade-in to $10,000 - at authorized Keepsake Jewelers only.
Dating is really fun ... when you know THE ART OF DATING by Or. Evelyn Millis Duvoll An expert guide to hoppy. successful doting to moke your teens the best years of your life. This foct-filled book is written by Dt , Evelyn Millis Duvoll, famous author and counselor, REGULARLY $2.50 in hard cover. this book is yours in the exclusive Keepsake edition for only 50~ AND THIS COUPON AT ANY KEEPSAKE JEWElER'S STORE. If dealer is not listed in yellow pages of telephone book. write to Keepsake A. MIAMI Ring $675. Also 225 and 450. Wedding Ring 225. B. ROlAND Ring $400. Wedding Ring 125. C. BAXTER Ring $225. Diamond Rings. Syracuse 2, N. Y.• for his name. Do not send Also 100 to 750. Wedding Ring 20.00. D. GWENN Ring $125. Wedding Ring 42.50. All rings available either natural or white money. please. gold. Prices include Federal Tax. Rings enlarged to show details. (gTrade-mork registered.