ESTERIFICATION of ACETIC ACID and BENZYL ALCOHOL OVER ZEOLITE HX PRODUCED from BANGKA BELITUNG KAOLIN by Hartati Hartati

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

ESTERIFICATION of ACETIC ACID and BENZYL ALCOHOL OVER ZEOLITE HX PRODUCED from BANGKA BELITUNG KAOLIN by Hartati Hartati ESTERIFICATION OF ACETIC ACID AND BENZYL ALCOHOL OVER ZEOLITE HX PRODUCED FROM BANGKA BELITUNG KAOLIN by Hartati Hartati Submission date: 15-Oct-2019 09:21PM (UTC+0800) Submission ID: 1193272742 File name: C10._Esterification_of_Acetic_Acid-_MJAS-_2018.pdf (594.91K) Word count: 4417 Character count: 23206 ESTERIFICATION OF ACETIC ACID AND BENZYL ALCOHOL OVER ZEOLITE HX PRODUCED FROM BANGKA BELITUNG KAOLIN ORIGINALITY REPORT 19% 9% 16% 0% SIMILARITY INDEX INTERNET SOURCES PUBLICATIONS STUDENT PAPERS PRIMARY SOURCES orca.cf.ac.uk 1 Internet Source 2% Sami H. Ali, Sabiha Q. Merchant. "Kinetic Study 2 % of Dowex 50 Wx8-Catalyzed Esterification and 1 Hydrolysis of Benzyl Acetate", Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2009 Publication Xianji Guo, Nianhua Xue, Shumin Liu, Xuefeng 3 % Guo, Weiping Ding, Wenhua Hou. "One-step 1 synthesis and structural characterization of mesoporous vanadosilicates and super- microporous vanadosilicates", Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 2007 Publication Gheorghita Mitran, Octavian Dumitru Pavel. 4 % "Kinetics of acetic acid esterification with 1 propanol in the presence of supported molybdena catalysts", Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis, 2014 Publication essaygazebo.com 5 Internet Source 1% Panpan Zhang, Yingnan Sun, Qingqing Zhang, 6 % Yihang Guo, Daiyu Song. "Upgrading of 1 pyrolysis biofuel via esterification of acetic acid with benzyl alcohol catalyzed by Brønsted acidic ionic liquid functionalized ethyl-bridged organosilica hollow nanospheres", Fuel, 2018 Publication Elyssa G. Fawaz, Darine A. Salam, L. Pinard, T. 7 % Jean Daou. "Study on the catalytic performance <1 of different crystal morphologies of HZSM-5 zeolites for the production of biodiesel: a strategy to increase catalyst effectiveness", Catalysis Science & Technology, 2019 Publication pdm-mipa.ugm.ac.id 8 Internet Source <1% link.springer.com 9 Internet Source <1% www.jmb.or.kr 10 Internet Source <1% Cecilia Manrique, Alexander Guzmán, Roger 11 % Solano, Adriana Echavarría. "Phosphorous- <1 Modified Beta Zeolite and Its Performance in Vacuum Gas Oil Hydrocracking Activity", Energy & Fuels, 2019 Publication csnano.utm.my 12 Internet Source <1% B Saha. "Recovery of dilute acetic acid through 13 % esterification in a reactive distillation column", <1 Catalysis Today, 2000 Publication Zhou, Limin, Tuan-Huy Nguyen, and Adesoji A. 14 % Adesina. "The acetylation of glycerol over <1 amberlyst-15: Kinetic and product distribution", Fuel Processing Technology, 2012. Publication www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov 15 Internet Source <1% Verboekend, Danny, Maria Milina, Sharon 16 % Mitchell, and Javier Pérez-Ramírez. <1 "Hierarchical Zeolites by Desilication: Occurrence and Catalytic Impact of Recrystallization and Restructuring", Crystal Growth & Design, 2013. Publication Zhiwang Yang, Lei Zhao, Ziqiang Lei. 17 % "Quaternary Ammonium Salt Functionalized <1 Methoxypolyethylene Glycols-Supported Phosphotungstic Acid Catalyst for the Esterification of Carboxylic Acids with Alcohols", Catalysis Letters, 2013 Publication Chuanyu Yang, Sujuan Xie, Hui Liu, Wenjie Xin, 18 % Chao Feng, Xiujie Li, Shenglin Liu, Longya Xu, <1 Peng Zeng. "IM-5 Zeolite Treated with Mixed Solution of NaOH and TPABr: Characterization and Application for Alkylation of Benzene with Ethanol", Catalysis Letters, 2018 Publication www.kona.or.jp 19 Internet Source <1% Juan A. Melero, Rafael van Grieken, Gabriel 20 % Morales, Marta Paniagua. "Acidic Mesoporous <1 Silica for the Acetylation of Glycerol: Synthesis of Bioadditives to Petrol Fuel", Energy & Fuels, 2007 Publication conference.uthm.edu.my 21 Internet Source <1% Kirumakki, S.R.. "A comparative esterification of 22 % benzyl alcohol with acetic acid over zeolites <1 H@b, HY and HZSM5", Applied Catalysis A, General, 20041008 Publication Mamta Sharma, Ravinder Kumar Wanchoo, 23 <1% Amrit Pal Toor. "Adsorption and Kinetic Parameters for Synthesis of Methyl Nonanoate over Heterogeneous Catalysts", Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2012 Publication Widjaja, A.. "Enzymatic synthesis of caffeic acid 24 % phenethyl ester", Journal of the Chinese <1 Institute of Chemical Engineers, 200809 Publication De Baerdemaeker, Trees, Mathias Feyen, 25 % Thomas Vanbergen et al. "From layered zeolite <1 precursors to zeolites with a three-dimensional porosity: textural and structural modifications through alkaline treatment", Chemistry of Materials Publication docplayer.net 26 Internet Source <1% Li, Xiaohui, Jianhua Zhu, Qingliu Liu, and 27 % Bencheng Wu. "The removal of naphthenic <1 acids from dewaxed VGO via esterification catalyzed by Mg–Al hydrotalcite", Fuel Processing Technology, 2013. Publication Reza Khoshbin, Ramin Karimzadeh. "Synthesis 28 % of mesoporous ZSM-5 from rice husk ash with <1 ultrasound assisted alkali-treatment method used in catalytic cracking of light naphtha", Advanced Powder Technology, 2017 Publication Song, Hua, Xia Wan, Min Dai, Jiaojing Zhang, 29 % Feng Li, and Hualin Song. "Deep desulfurization <1 of model gasoline by selective adsorption over Cu–Ce bimetal ion-exchanged Y zeolite", Fuel Processing Technology, 2013. Publication Galia, A.. "Transesterification of rapeseed oil 30 % over acid resins promoted by supercritical <1 carbon dioxide", The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 201103 Publication Faisal M. Alotaibi, Raed H. Abudawood, Hamid 31 % A. Al-Megren, Mohammed C. Al-Kinany, Essam <1 H. Jamea, Arthur A. Garforth. "The catalytic stability of some selected bifunctional nanoporous-based catalysts in the hydroisomerisation of n-C7 and the effect of post-synthesis modification techniques", Applied Petrochemical Research, 2014 Publication repositorium.sdum.uminho.pt 32 Internet Source <1% Duangkamon Suttipat, Wannaruedee 33 % Wannapakdee, Thittaya Yutthalekha, Somlak <1 Ittisanronnachai et al. "Hierarchical FAU/ZIF-8 hybrid materials as highly efficient acid-base catalysts for aldol condensation", ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2018 Publication Atsushi Satsuma, Yuichi Kamiya, Yenni Westi, 34 % Tadashi Hattori. "Dimethylpyridine-temperature <1 programmed desorption (DMP-TPD) for measurement of strength of Brønsted and Lewis acid sites on metal oxide catalysts", Applied Catalysis A: General, 2000 Publication ikee.lib.auth.gr 35 Internet Source <1% www.iich.gliwice.pl 36 Internet Source <1% sutir.sut.ac.th:8080 37 Internet Source <1% Dongmin Han, Yanhong Chen, Chunyi Li. "The 38 % hydrothermal stability of the alkali-treated ZSM- <1 5 and it’s catalytic performance in catalytic cracking of VGO", Chemical Papers, 2018 Publication Tian, Fuping, Qicheng Shen, Zhikai Fu, Yihui 39 % Wu, and Cuiying Jia. "Enhanced adsorption <1 desulfurization performance over hierarchically structured zeolite Y", Fuel Processing Technology, 2014. Publication poj.ippi.ac.ir 40 Internet Source <1% Vikranth Volli, M. K. Purkait. "Preparation and 41 % characterization of hydrotalcite-like materials <1 from flyash for transesterification", Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 2015 Publication Patel, Anjali, and Sukriti Singh. "Bifunctional 42 % Catalytic Activity of 12-Tungstophosphoric Acid <1 Impregnated to Different Supports for Esterification and Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol: A Comparative Study on Catalytic Activity and Kinetics", Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2013. Publication 203.158.6.22:8080 43 Internet Source <1% Kakasaheb Y. Nandiwale, Nitish D. Galande, 44 % Sunil A. Raut, Vijay V. Bokade. "Benzylation of <1 acetic acid to benzyl acetate over highly active and reusable Micro/Meso-HZSM-5", Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 2015 Publication Johan C. Groen, Jacob A. Moulijn, Javier Pérez- 45 Ramírez. "Alkaline Posttreatment of MFI Zeolites. From Accelerated Screening to Scale- <1% up", Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2007 Publication "Acidic Properties of Hierarchical Zeolites", 46 % Mesoporous Zeolites, 2015. <1 Publication Sharath R. Kirumakki, N. Nagaraju, 47 % Sankarasubbier Narayanan. "A comparative <1 esterification of benzyl alcohol with acetic acid over zeolites Hβ, HY and HZSM5", Applied Catalysis A: General, 2004 Publication www.asianjournalofchemistry.co.in 48 Internet Source <1% Anurag Tiwari, Amit Keshav, Shubhankar 49 % Bhowmick. "Optimization of Esterification of <1 Propionic Acid with Ethanol Catalyzed by Solid Acid Catalysts using Response Surface Methodology (RSM): A Kinetic Approach", International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering, 2017 Publication Yuannan Xiong, Wenqi Chen, Aiwu Zeng. 50 % "Optimization for catalytic performances of Hβ <1 zeolite in the acylation of 2-methylfuran by surface modification and solvents effect", Research on Chemical Intermediates, 2016 Publication Ran Liu, Ke Zhang, Chen Liu, Yanhui Hu, Lilong 51 % Zhou, Juan Zhang. " Catalytic synthesis of -butyl <1 carboxylate with immobilized ionic liquid based on response surface methodology optimization ", Royal Society Open Science, 2019 Publication Kaewta Suwannakarn, Edgar Lotero, James G. 52 % Goodwin. "Solid Brønsted Acid Catalysis in the <1 Gas-Phase Esterification of Acetic Acid", Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2007 Publication Atsushi Ishihara, Kosuke Tatebe, Tadanori 53 % Hashimoto, Hiroyuki Nasu. "Preparation of <1 Silica, Alumina, Titania, and Zirconia with Different Pore Sizes Using Sol–Gel Method and Their Properties as Matrices in Catalytic Cracking", Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2018 Publication Kwak, Kyoung-Yeol, Min-Sung Kim, Dae-Won 54 % Lee, Young-Hoon Cho, Jeongsik Han, Tae Soo <1 Kwon, and Kwan-Young Lee. "Synthesis of cyclopentadiene trimer (tricyclopentadiene) over zeolites and Al-MCM-41: The effects of pore size and acidity", Fuel, 2014. Publication Exclude quotes Off Exclude matches Off Exclude bibliography On ESTERIFICATION OF ACETIC ACID AND BENZYL ALCOHOL OVER ZEOLITE HX PRODUCED FROM BANGKA BELITUNG KAOLIN GRADEMARK REPORT FINAL GRADE GENERAL COMMENTS /0 Instructor PAGE 1 PAGE 2 PAGE 3 PAGE 4 PAGE 5 PAGE 6 PAGE 7 PAGE 8 PAGE 9 PAGE 10.
Recommended publications
  • Experiment 7 Organic Synthesis: Microwave-Assisted Fischer
    EXPERIMENT 7 ORGANIC SYNTHESIS: MICROWAVE-ASSISTED FISCHER ESTERIFICATION Materials Needed 1.0-2.0 mL of an alcohol to be chosen from the following: 3-methyl•1-butanol (isoamyl alcohol, isopentyl alcohol), 1-octanol (n-octyl alcohol), phenylmethanol (benzyl alcohol) 2.0 mL acetic acid 10 drops concentrated sulfuric acid 0.2 g silica beads saturated aqueous sodium chloride (sat NaCl(aq)) 10% aqueous sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3(aq)) anhydrous sodium sulfate pellets (Na2SO4(s)) 10 mL diethyl ether 1 GlassChem™ pressure vessel and torque tool for tightening cap 1 very large test tube, several small test tubes, 1 screw-cap vial, Pasteur Pipettes Textbook Reading Assignment Smith, Chapter 13.6 INTRODUCTION A carboxylic acid and an alcohol react in the presence of an acid catalyst to form an ester and water as shown in equation 1. This reaction, termed Fischer esterification in honor of its discoverer, can be used to prepare a variety of esters. O H+(cat) O R C OH HOR' R C OR' H2O (1) carboxylic acid alcohol ester water side product The esterification reaction is reversible with an equilibrium constant that favors the products only slightly. Therefore, in order to get a decent yield of the ester product, an excess of one of the reactants is usually used to drive the equilibrium to the right (Le Chatelier's Principle). In addition, a drying agent, such as silica beads can be used to absorb the water side product as it is formed and again drive the equilibrium toward the products. However, this reaction is rather slow (even at elevated temperatures with the acid catalyst added); too slow to allow us to carry it out in a 2-hour lab period using standard heating methods.
    [Show full text]
  • Cigarette Additives, Carcinogens and Chemicals Nicotine
    Cigarette Additives, Carcinogens and Chemicals Nicotine A Destructive Natural Pesticide Which ... Is extremely addictive when smoked Is extremely addictive when chewed Causes addiction as permanent as Is harder to quit than heroin or cocaine alcoholism Is not medicine and its use not therapy Is ineffective as a stand-alone quitting aid Prevents pre-cancerous cells from dying Accelerates cancer tumor growth rates Contributes to artery hardening Has a metabolite which may cause cancer May kill brain cells and impair memory Is linked to lung cancer Likely causes brain damage and Is also a fetus destroying teratogen depression Kills half of adult smokers 13-14 years Is beat by never taking another puff or early chew! 81 Cancer Causing Chemicals Have So Far Been Identified in Cigarettes Acetaldehyde Acetamide Acrylamide Acrylonitrile 2-Amino-3,4-dimethyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (MeIQ) 3-Amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido [4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-1) 2-Amino-l-methyl-6-phenyl-1H-imidazo [4,5-b]pyridine (PhlP) 2-Amino-6-methyldipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole (Glu-P-1) 3-Amino-l-methyl-5H-pyrido {4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-2 2-Amino-3-methyl-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole (MeAaC) 2-Amino-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole (AaC) 4-Aminobiphenyl 2-Aminodipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole (Glu-P-2) 0-Anisidine Arsenic Benz[a]anthracene Benzene Benzo[a]pyrene Benzo[b]fluoranthene Benzo[j]fluoranthene Benzo[k]fluoranthene Benzo[b]furan Beryllium 1,3-Butadiene Cadmium Catechol (1,2-benzenediol) p-Chloroaniline Chloroform Cobalt p,p'-DDT Dibenz[a,h]acridine Dibenz[a,j]acridine Dibenz(a,h)anthracene
    [Show full text]
  • Aryl Alkyl Alcohol Simple Acid Ester Derivatives When Used As Fragrance Ingredients Q
    Food and Chemical Toxicology 50 (2012) S269–S313 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Food and Chemical Toxicology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/foodchemtox Review A toxicological and dermatological assessment of aryl alkyl alcohol simple acid ester derivatives when used as fragrance ingredients q The RIFM Expert Panel D. Belsito a, D. Bickers a, M. Bruze b, P. Calow c, M.L. Dagli d, A.D. Fryer e, H. Greim f, Y. Miyachi g, J.H. Saurat h, I.G. Sipes i a Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, 161 Fort Washington Ave., New York, NY 10032, USA b Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Skane University Hospital, Malmo, Lund University, S-205 02 Malmo, Sweden c University of Nebraska, Science and Public Policy, Office of Research and Economic Development, 230 Whittier Research Center, Lincoln, NE 68583-0857, USA d University of Sao Paulo, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Pathology, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, Sao Paulo 05508-900, Brazil e Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA f Technical University of Munich, Institute for Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene, Hohenbachernstrasse 15–17, Freising-D-85354 Weihenstephan, Germany g Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan h Swiss Centre for Human Applied Toxicology, University Medical Center, University of Geneva, Rue Michel Servat, 1211 Geneve 4 CH, Switzerland i Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, P.O.
    [Show full text]
  • RIFM Fragrance Ingredient Safety Assessment, Benzyl Propionate, CAS Registry Number 122-63-4
    Food and Chemical Toxicology 97 (2016) S38eS48 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Food and Chemical Toxicology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/foodchemtox Short review RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, Benzyl propionate, CAS Registry Number 122-63-4 * A.M. Api a, , D. Belsito b, S. Bhatia a, M. Bruze c, P. Calow d, M.L. Dagli e, W. Dekant f, A.D. Fryer g, L. Kromidas a,S.LaCavaa, J.F. Lalko a, A. Lapczynski a, D.C. Liebler h, V.T. Politano a, G. Ritacco a, D. Salvito a, T.W. Schultz i, J. Shen a, I.G. Sipes j, B. Wall a, D.K. Wilcox a a Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677, USA b Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, 161 Fort Washington Ave., New York, NY 10032, USA c Malmo University Hospital, Department of Occupational & Environmental Dermatology, Sodra Forstadsgatan 101, Entrance 47, Malmo SE-20502, Sweden d Humphrey School of Public Affairs, University of Minnesota, 301 19th Avenue South, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA e University of Sao Paulo, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Pathology, Av. Prof. dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Sao Paulo CEP 05508-900, Brazil f University of Wuerzburg, Department of Toxicology, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany g Oregon Health Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA h Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Center in Molecular Toxicology, 638 Robinson Research Building, 2200 Pierce Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, USA i The University of Tennessee, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Comparative Medicine, 2407 River Dr., Knoxville, TN 37996-4500, USA j Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, P.O.
    [Show full text]
  • 30 Part 172—Food Additives
    Pt. 172 21 CFR Ch. I (4–1–12 Edition) shall be furnished in the form specified Subpart D—Special Dietary and Nutritional in §§ 171.1 and 171.100 for submitting pe- Additives titions. 172.310 Aluminum nicotinate. [42 FR 14491, Mar. 15, 1977, as amended at 42 172.315 Nicotinamide-ascorbic acid complex. FR 15674, Mar. 22, 1977] 172.320 Amino acids. 172.325 Bakers yeast protein. 172.330 Calcium pantothenate, calcium chlo- PART 172—FOOD ADDITIVES PER- ride double salt. MITTED FOR DIRECT ADDITION TO 172.335 D-Pantothenamide. FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMP- 172.340 Fish protein isolate. 172.345 Folic acid (folacin). TION 172.350 Fumaric acid and salts of fumaric acid. Subpart A—General Provisions 172.365 Kelp. 172.370 Iron-choline citrate complex. Sec. 172.372 N-Acetyl-L-methionine. 172.5 General provisions for direct food ad- 172.375 Potassium iodide. ditives. 172.379 Vitamin D2. 172.380 Vitamin D3. Subpart B—Food Preservatives 172.385 Whole fish protein concentrate. 172.395 Xylitol. 172.105 Anoxomer. 172.399 Zinc methionine sulfate. 172.110 BHA. 172.115 BHT. Subpart E—Anticaking Agents 172.120 Calcium disodium EDTA. 172.410 Calcium silicate. 172.130 Dehydroacetic acid. 172.430 Iron ammonium citrate. 172.133 Dimethyl dicarbonate. 172.480 Silicon dioxide. 172.135 Disodium EDTA. 172.490 Yellow prussiate of soda. 172.140 Ethoxyquin. 172.145 Heptylparaben. Subpart F—Flavoring Agents and Related 172.150 4-Hydroxymethyl-2,6-di-tert-butyl- Substances phenol. 172.510 Natural flavoring substances and 172.155 Natamycin (pimaricin). natural substances used in conjunction 172.160 Potassium nitrate.
    [Show full text]
  • Synthesis of Benzyl Acetate Catalyzed by Lipase Immobilized in Nontoxic Chitosan-Polyphosphate Beads
    Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 10 August 2017 doi:10.20944/preprints201708.0038.v1 Article Synthesis of Benzyl Acetate Catalyzed by Lipase Immobilized in Nontoxic Chitosan-Polyphosphate Beads Ana D.Q. Melo1*, Francisco F.M. Silva2, José C.S. dos Santos3, Roberto Fernández-Lafuente4,*, Telma L.G. Lemos5 and Francisco A. Dias Filho6 1,5,6 Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica da Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 940, CEP 60455-760, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; [email protected] (A.D.Q.M.); [email protected] (T.L.G.L.); [email protected] (F.A.D.F.) 2 Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Norte, RN 233, Km-02, Nº 999, Bairro Chapada do Apodi, CEP 59700-000, Apodi, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; [email protected] (F.F.M.S.) 3 Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, CEP 62785-000, Redenção, Ceará, Brazil; [email protected] (J.C.S.d.S.) 4 Department of Biocatalysis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; [email protected] (R.F.L.) *Correspondence: Ana Danielle de Queiroz Melo E-mail: [email protected];Tel: + 55 85 33669972 Roberto Fernández-Lafuente E-mail: [email protected];Tel: + 34 91 915854941 Abstract: Enzymes serve as biocatalysts for innumerable important reactions; however, their application has limitations, which could be overcome by using appropriate immobilization strategies. Here, a new support for immobilizing enzymes is proposed. This hybrid organic- inorganic support is composed of chitosan—a natural, nontoxic, biodegradable, and edible biopolymer—and sodium polyphosphate, which was the inorganic component.
    [Show full text]
  • Annex I: Clinical Evidence Regarding Sensitisation to Individual Fragrance Chemicals and to Natural Extracts
    Annex I: Clinical evidence regarding sensitisation to individual fragrance chemicals and to natural extracts Contents Single chemicals ............................................................................. 2 Catalogue of single chemicals evaluated ............................................. 5 Natural extracts / essential oils ........................................................68 Catalogue of natural extracts / essential oils evaluated ........................68 References ....................................................................................99 1 Single chemicals Often, results with the single constituents of the FM I or, yet more rarely, FM II, are presented in one paper. As the main ordering is by allergen, core information on these studies is presented in a tabular format and referenced by a unique acronym in the single sections, to avoid redundancy. Regarding nomenclature, terms which are often not officially an INCI Name but Perfuming Name as listed by CosIng are used. Table 1: Background information on studies reporting results with (all) single constituents of the FM I (amyl cinnamal, cinnamyl alcohol, cinnamal, eugenol, geraniol, hydroxycitronellal, isoeugenol, EVERNIA PRUNASTRI) Reference Country Study period, Comments by Patients reviewers Larsen 2002 c 7 industrial countries Prior to 2002 Test concentrations (1) worldwide n=218 patients with identified as non- known contact allergy irritating in serial to fragrance dilution testing in 20 ingredients healthy volunteers Utrecht 1999 Utrecht, The Netherlands
    [Show full text]
  • Modelling and Optimization of Conventional and Unconventional Batch Reactive Distillation Processes
    Modelling and Optimization of Conventional and Unconventional Batch Reactive Distillation Processes. Investigation of Different Types Batch Reactive Distillation Columns for the Production of a Number of Esters such as Methyl Lactate, Methyl Decanoate, Ethyl Benzoate, and Benzyl Acetate using gPROMS Item Type Thesis Authors Aqar, Dhia Y. Rights <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc-nd/3.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by- nc-nd/3.0/88x31.png" /></a><br />The University of Bradford theses are licenced under a <a rel="license" href="http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/">Creative Commons Licence</a>. Download date 07/10/2021 06:38:54 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17139 Modelling and Optimization of Conventional and Unconventional Batch Reactive Distillation Processes Investigation of Different Types Batch Reactive Distillation Columns for the Production of a Number of Esters such as Methyl Lactate, Methyl Decanoate, Ethyl Benzoate, and Benzyl Acetate using gPROMS Dhia Yasser AQAR Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Faculty of Engineering and Informatics University of Bradford 2018 Abstract Dhia Yasser Aqar Modelling and Optimization of Conventional and Unconventional Batch Reactive Distillation Processes Investigation of Different Types Batch Reactive Distillation Columns for the Production of a Number of Esters such as Methyl Lactate, Methyl Decanoate, Ethyl Benzoate, and Benzyl Acetate using gPROMS Keywords: CBD, i-CBD, SBD, i-SBD, i-DWCBD, IBD, MVD, Modelling, Optimization, Esterification The synthesis of a number of alkyl esters such as methyl lactate, methyl decanoate, and ethyl benzoate via esterification in a reactive distillation is quite challenging.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 5 Carboxylic Acids and Esters
    Chapter 5 Carboxylic Acids and Esters Chapter 5 Carboxylic Acids and Esters Chapter Objectives: • Learn to recognize the carboxylic acid, ester, and related functional groups. • Learn the IUPAC system for naming carboxylic acids and esters. • Learn the important physical properties of the carboxylic acids and esters. • Learn the major chemical reaction of carboxylic acids and esters, and learn how to predict the products of ester synthesis and hydrolysis reactions. • Learn some of the important properties of condensation polymers, especially the polyesters. Mr. Kevin A. Boudreaux Angelo State University CHEM 2353 Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry Organic and Biochemistry for Today (Seager & Slabaugh) www.angelo.edu/faculty/kboudrea Carboxylic Acids • Carboxylic acids are weak organic acids which contain the carboxyl group (RCO2H): O C O H O RCOOH RCO2H O condensed ways of RCOH writing the carboxyl group a carboxylic acid C H O the carboxyl group • The tart flavor of sour-tasting foods is often caused by the presence of carboxylic acids. 2 Chapter 5 Carboxylic Acids and Esters Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acids 3 Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acids • Select the longest carbon chain containing the carboxyl group. The -e ending of the parent alkane name is replaced by the suffix -oic acid. • The carboxyl carbon is always numbered “1” but the number is not included in the name. • Name the substituents attached to the chain in the usual way. • Aromatic carboxylic acids (i.e., with a CO2H directly connected to a benzene ring) are named after the
    [Show full text]
  • Benzyl Acetate
    Benzyl Acetate Method number: PV2124 Target concentration: 10 ppm (61 mg/m3) ACGIH TLV: 10 ppm (61 mg/m3) Procedure: Samples are collected by drawing a known volume of air through glass sampling tubes containing 4-tert-butylcatechol (TBC) coated charcoal. Samples are extracted with carbon disulfide and analyzed by GC using a flame ionization detector(FID). Recommended sampling time and sampling rate: 100 min at 0.1 L/min (10 L) Reliable quantitation limit: 52.1 ppb 0.009 mg/m3 Status of method: Partially evaluated method. This method has been subjected to established evaluation procedures of the Method Development Team and is presented for information and trial use. June 2003 Chromatography Team Yogi C. Shah Industrial Hygiene Chemistry Division OSHA Salt Lake Technical Center Salt Lake City UT 84115-1802 1 of 10 T-PV2124-01-0306-CH 1. General Discussion 1.1 Background 1.1.1 History ACGIH TLV for benzyl acetate is 10 ppm (61 mg/m3). This work was performed because no method was available. Analysis by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector was chosen. Charcoal tubes did not give good recovery when 10 L humid air was drawn thru the tubes, TBC charcoal tubes were selected for better recovery. Carbon disulfide was selected for the extraction solvent and was found to give an extraction efficiency of 97.3%. The retention efficiency when 10 L humid air drawn was 94.3% and the storage stability was 98.6% recovery on Day 14. 1.1.2 Toxic effects (This section is for information only and should not be taken as the basis of OSHA policy.) 1 If ingested benzyl acetate can cause gastrointestinal (G.I.) irritation with vomiting and diarrhea.
    [Show full text]
  • Read-Across of 90-Day Rodent Repeated-Dose Toxicity a Case Study
    LJMU Research Online Firman, J, Patel, A, Date, M, Cronin, MTD and Schultz, TW Read-across of 90-day rodent repeated-dose toxicity: A case study for selected simple aryl alcohol alkyl carboxylic acid esters http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/8648/ Article Citation (please note it is advisable to refer to the publisher’s version if you intend to cite from this work) Firman, J, Patel, A, Date, M, Cronin, MTD and Schultz, TW (2018) Read- across of 90-day rodent repeated-dose toxicity: A case study for selected simple aryl alcohol alkyl carboxylic acid esters. Computational Toxicology, 7. pp. 1-8. ISSN 2468-1113 LJMU has developed LJMU Research Online for users to access the research output of the University more effectively. Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Users may download and/or print one copy of any article(s) in LJMU Research Online to facilitate their private study or for non-commercial research. You may not engage in further distribution of the material or use it for any profit-making activities or any commercial gain. The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of the record. Please see the repository URL above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription. For more information please contact [email protected] http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/ 1 Read-across of 90-day rodent repeated-dose toxicity: A case study for selected simple aryl 2 alcohol alkyl carboxylic acid esters 3 James W.
    [Show full text]
  • Download (PDF)
    He a lt h 2 1 Fire 2 1 0 Re a c t iv it y 0 Pe rs o n a l Pro t e c t io n H Material Safety Data Sheet Benzyl Acetate MSDS Section 1: Chemical Product and Company Identification Product Name: Benzyl Acetate Contact Information: Catalog Codes: SLB2671 Sciencelab.com, Inc. 14025 Smith Rd. CAS#: 140-11-4 Houston, Texas 77396 RTECS: AF5075000 US Sales: 1-800-901-7247 International Sales: 1-281-441-4400 TSCA: TSCA 8(b) inventory: Benzyl Acetate Order Online: ScienceLab.com CI#: Not available. CHEMTREC (24HR Emergency Telephone), call: Synonym: Acetic Acid, phenylmethyl ester; benzyl 1-800-424-9300 ethanoate; alpha-Acetooxy International CHEMTREC, call: 1-703-527-3887 Chemical Name: Benzyl Acetate For non-emergency assistance, call: 1-281-441-4400 Chemical Formula: C9-H10-O2 Section 2: Composition and Information on Ingredients Composition: Name CAS # % by Weight Benzyl Acetate 140-11-4 100 Toxicological Data on Ingredients: Benzyl Acetate: ORAL (LD50): Acute: 2490 mg/kg [Rat]. 830 mg/kg [Mouse]. 2200 mg/ kg [Guinea pig]. DERMAL (LD50): Acute: &gt;5000 mg/kg [Rabbit]. VAPOR (LC50): Acute: 245 ppm 8 hours [cat]. Section 3: Hazards Identification Potential Acute Health Effects: Hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), of eye contact (irritant), of ingestion, of inhalation. Potential Chronic Health Effects: CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: A4 (Not classifiable for human or animal.) by ACGIH, 3 (Not classifiable for human.) by IARC. MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Mutagenic for mammalian somatic cells. Mutagenic for bacteria and/or yeast. TERATOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY: Not available.
    [Show full text]