Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Republik Indonesia National Plastic Waste Reduction Strategic Actions for Indonesia Ministry of Environment and Forestry United Nations Avenue, Gigiri IGES Centre Collaborating with UNEP Republic of Indonesia PO Box 30552, 00100 on Environmental Technologies (CCET) Director General for Solid Waste, Nairobi, Kenya 2108-11 Kamiyamaguchi, Hayama, Hazardous Waste, and Hazardous Tel: +254 (0)20 762 1234 Kanagawa 240-0115, Substance Management Email: [email protected] Japan www.unep.org Tel: +81-46-855-3840 Manggala Wanabakti Blok IV Lantai 5 www.ccet.jp Jalan Jenderal Gatot Soebroto Jakarta 10270, Economy Division Republic of Indonesia International Environmental Technology Centre Phone/Fax: +62 21 85905637 2-110 Ryokuchi koen, Tsurumi-ku, Osaka 538-0036, Japan Tel: +81 6 6915 4581 Email: [email protected] www.unep.org/ietc Editorial Team Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Republic of Indonesia (KLHK): (Rosa Vivien Ratnawati, Novrizal Tahar, Ujang Solihin Sidik) IGES Centre Collaborating with UNEP on Environmental Technologies (CCET): (Kazunobu Onogawa, Premakumara Jagath Dickella Gamaralalage, Tsukiji Makoto) Sustainable Waste Indonesia (SWI): (Mohammad Helmy, Dini Trisyanti)
Published by Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Republic of Indonesia, June 2020
Copyright © Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Republic of Indonesia, 2020
Disclaimer This document is intended to be used as a reference strategy or information source for improving plastic waste management in Indonesia. The views or opinions expressed do not necessarily represent the official decision or stated policy of the Government Indonesia, the United Nations Environment Programme, or the Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, nor does citing of trade names or commercial processes constitute endorsement.
Citation Ministry of Environment and Forestry (2020): National Plastic Waste Reduction Strategic Actions for Indonesia, Republic of Indonesia Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Republik Indonesia National Plastic Waste Reduction Strategic Actions for Indonesia
June 2020
Acknowledgements
With a population of 250 million, Indonesia is the Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) fourth most populous country and second-largest International Environmental Technology Centre plastic polluter in the world after China. The country (IETC) and the Ministry of Environment, Japan produces 3.2 million tonnes of unmanaged plastic (MOEJ) for their technical and financial support for waste a year, of which about 1.29 million tonnes the successful development of the Strategy and its ends up in the sea (Jambeck, 2015). In addition, implementation in Lake Toba Region. approximately 10 billion plastic carry bags, equal to 85,000 tonnes, are released into its local environment The formulation of the Strategy was initiated through each year (MoEF, 2018). This unmanaged plastic a mutual agreement between MoEF and CCET, in waste has also affected Indonesian rivers and the August 2018. During the drafting process, a series of ocean. For example, four of the country’s rivers – the intensive meetings were conducted among MoEF, Brantas, Solo, Serayu, and Progo – rank among the CCET, and SWI to gather data and begin formulating most polluted 20 rivers worldwide. the Strategy. In addition, the organisation of two national consultation meetings, in February Given this background, the government of Indonesia 2019 and October 2019, with the invitation of key recently adopted Presidential Decree No.97/2017 stakeholders in Indonesia, including line ministries, on National Policy & Strategy on Management local governments, academia, NGOs, and donor of Household Waste and Household-like Waste agencies, resulted in inputs for finalising the (JAKSTRANAS), and Presidential Decree Strategy. MoEF and CCET would like to acknowledge No.83/2018 on Marine Debris Management (Plan the active participation of all key stakeholders and of Action on Marine Plastic Debris 2017–2025). their valuable inputs provided during the national Aiming to create an enabling environment for the consultations to finalise the Strategy, and make it implementation of these Presidential Decrees, more practical and locally applicable. the National Plastic Waste Reduction Strategic Actions for Indonesia (hereafter “Strategy”) was Special thanks also goes to Ms. Rosa Vivien Ratnawati, formulated by the Ministry of Environment and Director General, Dr. Novrizal Tahar, Director, and Forestry (MoEF), the Government of Indonesia, Mr. Ujang Solihin Sidik, Deputy Director, Solid and the IGES Centre Collaborating with UNEP Waste, Hazardous Waste, Hazardous Substance on Environmental Technologies (CCET), in Management, MoEF, Mr. Kazunobu Onogawa, collaboration with Sustainable Waste Indonesia Director of CCET, and Dr. Keith Alverson, Director, (SWI). It provides holistic and practical actions to and Mr. Shunichi Honda, Programme Officer of UNEP accelerate the reduction of plastic pollution from IETC for their commitment and leadership towards land-based sources. In addition, MoEF and CCET development of the Strategy and its implementation have also assisted local governments in the Lake in Lake Toba. In addition, CCET team such as Dr. Toba region, which is one of Indonesia’s 10 most Premakumara Jagath Dickella Gamaralalage, Mr. important tourism destinations, to develop local Makoto Tsukiji and Ms. Miwa Tatsuno, and SWI team waste management plans, including a response to such as Mr. Mohammad Helmy, Ms. Dini Trisyanti, plastic waste, to protect the environment. Ms. Dyota Condrorini, and others actively involved in writing the Strategy are also acknowledged for their MoEF and CCET would like to thank the United hard work and kind contribution.
i Contents
Acknowledgements i Acronyms iii Foreword iv Executive Summary v
1. Introduction and Background 1 1-1. Background 1 1-2. Indonesian Context 2
2. National Overview of Plastic Waste Management 4 2-1. National Law, Regulation and Programme 4 2-2. Solid Waste Management in Indonesia 8 2-3. National Waste Management Stakeholders 10 2-4. National Plastic Industry 14 2-5. Priority Issues on Plastic Pollution in Indonesia 21
3. Strategic Action Plan for Plastic Waste Reduction in Indonesia 23 3-1. Guiding Principles, Strategic Goals, and Target Indicators 24 3-2. Framework on Action for National and Local Government 25 3-3. Framework on Stakeholder Involvement (Non-government Sector) 26 3-4. 5-Year Action Plan for Plastic Waste Reduction in Indonesia (2020 – 2025) 27
4. Monitoring, Evaluation and Review 31 4-1. Management of Project Cycle, Data and Finance – Ensuring Implementation and Service Quality 31 4-2. Managing Progress Based on PDCA Cycle 31 4-3. Strengthen Data Generation for Better Decision-making and Project Management 33 4-4. Securing Financial and Human Resources for Sustainable Service Delivery 33
References 34
ii Acronyms
ADIPURA Clean City Programme
ADUPI Asosiasi Daur Ulang Plastik Indonesia (Indonesian Waste Recycler Association)
APDUPI Asosiasi Pengusaha Daur Ulang Plastik Indonesia (Indonesian Plastic Recyclers Association)
ASOBSI Asosiasi Bank Sampah Indonesia (Indonesian Waste Bank Association)
BOPET Biaxially-oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate
BPS Badan Pusat Statistik (Nationel Statistic Bureau)
CPP Cast Polypropylene
EPR Extended Producer's Responsibility
FMCG Fast-Moving Consumer Goods
INAPLAS Asosiasi Industri Olefin, Aromatik & Plastik Indonesia
IPI Ikatan Pemulung Indonesia (Indonesian Scavengers Association)
IP2WM Indonesia Partnership on Plastic Waste Management
JAKSTRANAS Kebijakan dan Strategi Nasional (National Waste Management Policy and Strategy)
Keppres Keputusan Presiden (Presidential Decree)
MoEF Ministry of Environment and Forestry
MoI Ministry of Industry
MRF Material Recovery Facility
MSW Municipal Solid Waste
Mt Million (metric) tonnes
Pergub Peraturan Gubernur (Governor's Regulation)
Perpres Peraturan Presiden (Presidential Regulation)
Perwali Peraturan Walikota (Mayor's Regulation)
PET Polyethylene Terephthalate
PP Peraturan Pemerintah (Government Regulation)
PP Polypropylene
PVC Polyvinyl Chloride Sistem Informasi Pengelolaan Sampah Nasional SIPSN (National Solid Waste Management Information System) SUP Single-Use Plastic
SWM Solid Waste Management
TPA Indonesian Final Disposal Sites (central open dump sites or landfills)
TPS Indonesian Temporary Disposal or Dump Sites
TPS3R Tempat Pengolahan Sampah - Reduce, Reuse, Recycle (Solid Waste Processing Centre - 3R)
TPST Indonesian Intermediate Transfer Facilities
iii Foreword
We are glad to acknowledge the final version of the 1) To prevent and limit the potential of waste National Plastic Waste Reduction Strategic Actions generation as much as possible by implementing for Indonesia, a collaborative work between the design for sustainability (DfS) in the form Directorate of Solid Waste Management, Director of re-designed products and packaging, by General for Solid Waste, Hazardous Waste, and phasing-out single-use plastics, eliminating Hazardous Substance Management, Ministry of unnecessary and excessive packaging, making Environment and Forestry, Republic of Indonesia, packaging more recyclable and reusable, along with Sustainable Waste Indonesia (SWI) creating packaging out of more recycled content, and the IGES Centre Collaborating with UNEP on as well as producing more durable, returnable, Environmental Technologies (CCET). rechargeable, and refillable goods;
Since plastic pollution is a serious emerging issue, 2) To take back post-consumer products and both globally and nationally, and needs to be tackled packaging for reuse; and comprehensively through multi-stakeholder collaboration, this document is one of our efforts 3) To take back post-consumer products and to provide a platform and strategy to reduce plastic packaging for recycling. waste in an integrated manner, from upstream, to midstream, to downstream, based on the waste We do hope this document could be a perfect hierarchy principle. This strategy and actions are complement to our EPR Roadmap implementation intended to serve as one of the national references that will start this year. for how Indonesia can fulfill its national solid waste management targets, i.e. to reduce solid waste from Lastly, I would like to express my appreciation to its source by 30%, and to properly handle 70% of Sustainable Waste Indonesia (SWI) and the IGES solid waste by 2025, 70% of marine plastic litter by Centre Collaborating with UNEP on Environmental 2025 from 2017. Technologies (CCET), for their formulation and finalisation of this document. We thank you for your In December 2019, we proudly published Ministry support and collaboration, and we hope we could of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. continue our partnership in the future. P.75/2019 concerning Roadmap of Waste Reduction by Producer, and which can be referred to as the Roadmap of EPR in Indonesia. The objective of the Dr. Novrizal Tahar roadmap is to guide and facilitate the producers, Director of Solid Waste Management, including brand owners, manufacturers, importers, Director General for Solid Waste, Hazardous Waste, retailers, and the food and beverage service industry, and Hazardous Substance Management, to implement their responsibility on reducing the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, waste generated from their goods, packaging, and Republic of Indonesia services in form of plastics, paper, aluminum cans, and glass. The three components for how producers reduce their waste are as follows:
iv Executive Summary
Solid waste management continues to be a huge the recycling industry in Indonesia and therefore, challenge in Indonesia. In 2017, the country’s waste reduce and eliminate plastic pollution on its land generation reached 65.8 million (metric) tonnes and in neighboring waters. (Mt), and it is estimated to grow at a significant rate for the foreseeable future. In addition, the rate of The plastic industry is growing significantly in increase of solid waste management infrastructure Indonesia, though present plastic consumption of cannot keep up with the waste generation. As a 22.54 kg/capita/year is lower than consumption result, a huge amount of unhandled waste is polluting in other Southeast Asian countries (Malaysia, Indonesian land and rivers, as well as the ocean. Singapore, and Thailand all have rates of >60 kg/ capita/year). The food and beverage industry is Solid Waste Management Act (No. 18/2008) was the major plastic user in Indonesia (60% of plastic issued to bring about the improvement of solid waste production), utilising various polymers (PET, PE management in Indonesia, including the cessation and PP). The plastic recycling system for some types of all open dump waste disposal by 2013. The of plastic materials is quite established. However, ambitious target was not achieved, as the Ministry data obtained from the National Food and Drug of Environment and Forestry recently recorded that Agency shows that a majority of the products used 167 open dump waste disposal facilities remain in as a plastic packaging are still considered to be low operation (SIPSN, 2018). The waste collection rate value and difficult to recycle, thereby leading to a in Indonesia also remains low. lower recycling rate.
Furthermore, there is increasing global concern Various efforts to restrict the use of plastics have now about plastic pollution, and Indonesia is branded begun to be implemented. Derived from the act that as the second largest ocean plastic polluter. It regulates overall waste management, Presidential was estimated that 0.27–0.59Mt of plastic waste Regulation No. 97/2017 (JAKSTRANAS) regulates was discharged into Indonesian ocean (Indonesia policies and strategies on management of household Institute of Science, 2018). Meanwhile, the waste waste and household-type waste. It sets the target recycling rate in Indonesia, which largely relies of 30% waste reduction and 70% waste handling on informal sector, captures less than 5% of waste by 2025. Further, plastic waste management is also generated (World Bank, 2018), with a plastic included in Presidential Regulation No. 83/2018 recycling rate of only 7% (Danone Infinity Report, on Marine Debris Management, and a regulation n.d.). This is worsened by the fact that plastic and on Extended Producers Responsibility is currently plastic recycling industries are mostly available in being formulated. The government also started to the country’s western islands, Java and Sumatera. handle plastic waste trade through ministerial-level However, plastic waste constitutes about 10.6% of laws. At the local level, governments have started to total waste generation nationwide (SIPSN, 2018). issue requirements limiting single plastic uses. There is a significant opportunity to strengthen
v Waste management related regulations in Indonesia National Act No. 32/2009 Act No. 18/2008 on Solid waste management Law on Environmental Protection and Management
Government PP No. 81/2012 PP No. 101/2014 DRAFT Government Regulation DRAFT Government Regulation Regulation Government Government on Excise on Plastic on Specific Waste Management Regulation on Regulation on Management of Hazardous Waste Household and Management Household-like Waste
Presidential Perpres No. 97/2017 Perpres No. 83/2018 Perpres No. 18/2015 Perpres No. Perpres No. Regulation Presidential Presidential Presidential 15/2018 Presidential 35/2018 Presidential Regulation on Regulation on Marine Regulation on Regulation on Regulation on National Policy and Debris Management Income Tax Facilities Acceleration of Acceleration of Management Strategy for Investment in Damage and Development of of Household Waste Certain Business Pollution Control on Waste-to-Energy and Household-like Fields and/or in Citarum River Basin Installation using Waste Certain Regions Environmentally- sound Technology
Presidential Keppres No. 61/1993 and No. 47/2005 Presidential Decree on Ratification of the Basel Convention on Decree the Control of the Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Waste and Their Disposal
Ministerial Ministry of Trade Ministry of Public Ministry of Trade Ministry of Trade Ministry of Industry Regulation Regulation No. Works Regulation Regulation Regulation Regulation 31/2016 on Non- No. 3/2013 on No. 48/2015 on No. 70/2015 No. 48/2015 on Hazardous Waste Implementation General Provisions in on Importer Requirements for Import of Solid Waste the Import Sector Identification Income Tax Facilities Infrastructure and Number Implementation Facilities
Ministry of Environment and Forestry DRAFT Ministerial Regulation (MoEF) on Shopping Plastic Bag Regulation No. P.75/2019 on Roadmap to Reduction Waste Reduction by Producers
Local Regional/Local Regulations on Single-use Plastic Bans; Regulation 3 provinces and 28 municipalities as of December 2019 (Provincial level) Pergub Bali No.97/2018, Pergub DKI Jakarta No.142/2019, Surat Edaran Yogyakarta No.490/1758 (Municipal level) Perbup Kabupaten Purwakarta No.37/2016, Peraturan Bupati Badung No.47/2018, Peraturan Bupati Hulu Sungai Utara No.8/2019, Peraturan Bupati Biak Numfor No.28/2019, Peraturan Bupati Bogor No.13/2019, Peraturan Bupati Nunukan No.32/2019, Peraturan Bupati Nunukan No.45/2019, Instruksi Bupati Tulungagung No.2/2019, Peraturan Bupati Pati No.33/2019, Peraturan Bupati Merauke No.23/2019, Peraturan Daerah Bandung No.17/2012, Perwali Bandung No.37/2019, Perwali Banjarmasin No. 18/2016, Peraturan Daerah Balikpapan No.1/2019, Perwali Balikpapan No.28/2019, Perwali Bogor No.61/2018, Perwali Jambi No.61/2018, Perwali Denpasar No.36/2018, Perwali Banjarbaru No.66/2016, Perwali Bukittinggi No.28/2018, Perwali Sam
Reliance on plastic, particularly in packaging, is possibly be the answer to reducing plastic waste in inevitable due to its lightness, flexibility and ability the long run, the current problem of plastic waste to protect materials from contamination and very must also be dealt with. low price. While research on plastic substitutes can
The challenges for improvement of waste management Regulation and Financial Social Infrastructure Institutional
Business-to-business Effective and efficient Behaviour change Improvement of solid waste management scheme or zoning funding for solid waste communication, infrastructure for solid waste management information and management education on household Strengthening the recycling industry Public-private waste management - as close to the waste source as possible Partnership in data and partnership in solid - ensure offtaker of recycling products information management waste management EPR implementation on plastic waste - producers redesign their packaging, including using recycled content in their packaging - proper take back collection system - promote sustainable alternatives for plastic packaging
vi 1 Introduction and Background
1-1. Background including the following policy arrangements among stakeholders: Global concern about marine plastic pollution is based on environmental and marine ecosystem • National and local governments are encouraged concerns, including marine life, as well as economic to develop legal frameworks and incentives, and human health impacts. As of 2015, approximately adopt waste management plans, and take other 6,300Mt of plastic waste had been generated actions. worldwide to date, around 9% of which had been recycled, 12% incinerated, and 79% either dumped in • More and more countries are developing their landfills or accumulated in the natural environment1. own strategy and plans on plastic circular If current production and waste management trends economy, including plastic waste management. continue, roughly 12,000Mt of plastic waste will end up in landfills or the natural environment by • Research organisations and the private sector are 20502. The economic loss due to the marine plastic each expected to develop innovative solutions to pollution is estimated at USD 14 billion annually tackle marine litter and microplastics. due to damaged fisheries and reduced tourism3. The Sustainable Development Goals target 12.4 and • More than 60 countries have taken steps to ban target 14.1 highlight the prevention and reduction or reduce single-use plastics, such as plastic of all kinds of marine pollution, in particular from shopping bags, plastic utensils, and straws. land-based activities including waste management. Recent studies such as Schmidt4 and Jambeck5 show In addition, the fourteenth meeting of the that the Asian region, and especially Southeast Asia, Conference of the Parties to the Basel Convention is believed to have become a major hotspot for plastic (BC COP-14) was held in May 2019, with the leakage into the ocean. These studies highlighted adoption of 29 decisions. Some of its main outcomes that about 8–10Mt of plastic debris is entering the included amendments to the annexes to the Basel oceans annually and 70–80% of the quantity is Convention related to plastic waste6, regulated as generated on land and transported by rivers and a hazardous (Annex VIII), non-hazardous (Annex variety of surface water flows. As a result, there are a II), contaminated (Annex IX), and tradable without growing number of national and regional movements regulations (Annex IX). The fourth session of the the world over dedicated to tackling plastic pollution United Nations Environment Assembly (UNEA through enhancement of circular economy, 3Rs, 4), held in March 2019, also included a number of waste management systems, and clean-up activities, highlights, as follows:
1 Geyer, Jambeck, and Law, 2017 2 Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made, Geyer, et al., Law Sci. Adv. 2017 3 OECD report, 2018 4 Export of Plastic Debris by Rivers into the Sea, Schmidt, et al., Environ. Sci. Technol., 2017 5 Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean, Jambeck, et.al Science, 2015 6 http://www.basel.int/TheConvention/ConferenceoftheParties/Meetings/COP14/tabid/7520/Default.aspx
1 1. Introduction & Background
(In the Ministerial Declaration) (Addressing Single-use Plastic Products Pollution) • We will address the damage to our ecosystems • Mindful that while plastic plays an important role caused by the unsustainable use and disposal in the economy, plastic packaging accounts for of plastic products, including by significantly about half of the plastic waste in the world, and reducing the manufacturing and use of single- that its mismanagement leads to a loss of resources use plastic products by 2030, and we will work and value as well as affects the environment, with the private sector to find affordable and environmentally friendly alternatives. • Alarmed by the serious environmental, social, and economic impacts of plastic waste/ pollution (Related to Marine Plastic Litter and Microplastics) including blocking waterways and clogging • The United Nations Environment Assembly, sewers and providing breeding grounds for noting with concern that the high and rapidly mosquitoes and pests, and blocking animal increasing levels of marine litter, including airways and stomachs among others, as well as the plastic litter and microplastics represent a health impacts of poor solid waste management serious environmental problem at a global practices, scale, negatively affecting marine biodiversity, ecosystems, animal well-being, societies, • Noting the important role of key sectors such as livelihoods, fisheries, maritime transport, plastics producers, retailers and the consumer recreation and tourism, and economies, goods industry, as well as importers, packaging firms, transport firms, and recyclers to contribute • Stressing further the importance of a more to the reduction of plastic waste, arising from sustainable management of plastics throughout their products and activities, as well as to provide their lifecycle in order to increase sustainable information on the impacts arising from their consumption and production patterns, products and encourages innovative approaches including but not limited to circular economy such as the use of EPR schemes, deposit refund and other sustainable economic models, and schemes and other initiatives the importance of environmentally sound waste management, resource efficiency, the 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle), sustainable materials 1-2. Indonesian Context management innovation of related technologies, environmentally sound clean-up of marine plastic Jambeck et al. (2015) reported that Indonesia is litter, and international cooperation, to most the country dumping the second largest amount effectively prevent pollution from marine litter of plastic waste into the world’s oceans, with its including plastic litter and microplastics, estimate of 3.22Mt of plastic waste annually. China is first, with 8.82Mt of plastic waste flowing • Stressing as well the urgent need to strengthen the into the oceans. In addition, the crisis of plastic science-policy interface at all levels and to do more waste is not just limited to the oceans, but it has to support science based approaches, improve also affected Indonesian rivers. Data from Nature understanding of the fate, distribution and Communications revealed that four of Indonesia’s impacts of marine litter including plastic litter rivers – the Brantas, Solo, Serayu and Progo – rank and microplastics on the marine environment and among the 20 most polluted rivers in the world promote local, national, regional and global action (The ASEAN Post, July 2017). Indonesia has been on preventing and eliminating discharge of litter, tackling challenging issues on waste management, including plastic litter and microplastics into the the following are the main policy arrangements on marine environment, plastic waste management, and “National Plastic Waste Reduction Strategic Actions for Indonesia” should be in line with those of policies (Fig. 1).
2 1. Introduction & Background
• No. 18/2008 Waste management law (Basic Law and strategy and its implementation as an on waste management) enforcement order of the No. 18/2008
• Presidential decree No.97/2017 on National • MoEF decree No.13/2012 on Guidelines for Policy & Strategy on management of household implementation of Reduce, Reuse and Recycle waste and household-like waste (JAKSTRANAS) through Waste Bank
• Presidential decree No.83/2018 on Marine • MoEF decree No. P.75/2019 on Roadmap to Debris Management (National Plan of Action on Waste Reduction by Producers Marine Plastic Debris) • MoEF decree on restricted single plastic use • Government decree No. 81/2012 on waste (On-going) management of household waste and household- like waste including waste management policy
Reduce plastic waste up to 0 percent by 2025
National Plan of Action on JAKSTRANAS Marine Plastic Debris
National Plastic Waste Reduction Strategic Actions for Indonesia
Fig. 1 Law & Regulation on Waste Management in Indonesia
The Indonesia Marine Debris Hotspot Rapid • Underscore the need to tailor remediation Assessment Synthesis Report, developed by World strategies to city-specific operating environments Bank in April 2019, also showed the following findings: Based on the above context, MoEF developed the • Identify the main waste leakage points or “National Plastic Waste Reduction Strategic Actions ‘hotspots’ along each city’s central waterways, for Indonesia” in collaboration with the IGES Centre Collaborating with UNEP on Environmental • Identify significant gaps in several locations Technologies (CCET) and Sustainable Waste across all cities where provision of appropriate Indonesia (SWI), and funded by the Ministry of waste collection receptacles (and frequency Environment, Government of Japan through UNEP of service) and signage are not available or IETC, to achieve the national target of plastic insufficient, and where community sensitisation reduction of 70% by 2025. and behavioural change campaigns are needed to halt illegal dumping and development of waste hotspots along waterways,
3 2. National Overview of Plastic Waste Management
National Overview of 2 Plastic Waste Management
2-1. National Law, Plastic waste is regulated under various government Regulation and Programme regulations, presidential-level regulations, including presidential-level regulations. With the recent increase Table 1 shows a summary of national waste in concern over plastic pollution, particularly caused management regulations in Indonesia. Waste by plastic packaging, many regions issued regulations Management Law No. 18/ 2008 has been issued by on banning plastics. Furthermore, the national the Government of Indonesia as an umbrella for government has just formulated a regulation on EPR in national waste management policy and practice in December 2019. (MoEF Regulation No. P.75/2019 on Indonesia. Roadmap to Waste Reduction by Producers)
Table 1. Summary of National waste management regulations in Indonesia (as of Aug 2019)
Ministry of Environmental and Forestry Ministry of Public Works UU No. 18 / 2008 UU No. 32/2009 Ministry of Trade Law on Environmental National aw Law on Solid Waste Management Protection and Management Ministry of Industry
PP No. 81/2012 PP No. 101/2014 DRAFT Government DRAFT Government overnment Government Regulation on Government Regulation on Regulation on Excise Regulation on Specific eg lation Management of Household Hazardous on Plastic Waste Management and Household-like Waste Waste Management
Perpres No. 97/2017 Perpres No. 83/2018 Perpres No. 18/2015 Perpres No. 15/2018 Perpres No. 35/2018 Presidential Regulation Presidential Regulation Presidential Regulation Presidential Regulation Presidential Regulation on National Policy and on Marine Debris on Income Tax on Acceleration of on Acceleration of Presi ential Management Strategy Management Facilities for Damage and Pollution Development of eg lation of Household Waste Investment in Certain Control on Citarum Waste-to-Energy and Household-like Business Fields and/or River Basin Installation using Waste in Certain Regions Environmentally- sound Technology
Keppres No. 61/1993andNo.47/2005 Presidential Decree on Ratification of Presi ential the Basel Convention on the Control of the Transboundary Movement of ecree Hazardous Waste and Their Disposal
Ministry of Trade Regulation Ministry of Public Works Ministry of Environment and DRAFT Ministerial No. 31/2016 on Regulation No. 3/2013 on Forestry Regulation Regulation (MoEF) on Non-Hazardous Implementation of Solid Waste No. P.75/2019 on Roadmap to Shopping Plastic Waste Import Infrastructure and Facilities Waste Reduction by Producers Bag Reduction Ministerial eg lation Ministry of Trade Regulation Ministry of Trade Regulation Ministry of Industry Regulation No. 48/2015 on General Provisions No. 70/2015 on Importer No. 48/2015 on Requirements for in the Import Sector Identification Number Income Tax Facilities Implementation
Regional/Local Regulations on - Perwali Denpasar 36/2018 - Perwali Balikpapan 8/2018 egional ocal Single-use Plastics Ban: - Perwali Bogor 61/2018 - Perwali Padang 36/2018 eg lation - Pergub Bali No. 97/2018 - Perwali Banjarmasin 18/2016 - Perda Purwakarta 37/2016
(Source: SWI analysis, 2019)
4 2. National Overview of Plastic Waste Management
In order to support the enhancement of solid waste The Indonesian government is also collaborating management and achieve overall environmental with ASEAN, through the formation of work groups improvement, the government has implemented concerning ocean waste disposal. Furthermore, various programmes (Fig. 2). One of them targeted there are many programme conducted by local discouragement of the use of plastic bags by applying governments. For example, Bogor issued Regent an additional charge for them, and in September Regulation No.13/2019 concerning Plastic 2019, MoEF launched the “Waste Sorting Movement and Styrofoam Usage Reduction, and ARTIS (Gerakan Pilah Sampah)” to encourage more source Application to find out waste reduction data and separation and promote circular economy. Further, plastic management pilot project with cement the government has trialed implementation of a factories in 2019. The ADIPURA has also been recyclables collection model (such as PET bottle, implemented as an incentive for any municipality cartons) in several areas. In addition, MoEF has that excel in environmental management and city carried out several collaborations concerning cleanliness. There are four categories of ADIPURA’s pollution and the control of coastal and ocean damage, participating municipalities: metropolitan city, big including that caused by waste. These include a city, medium city and small city. The Government Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Seven of Indonesia has also started formulating additional ministries/institutions for ocean plastic waste regulations, i.e. those concerning EPR and limitation observation. A total of 20 locations were observed of single-use plastic bags, as part of the efforts to in 2019, and it will be carried out in 34 provinces reduce waste (in line with the target stipulated in the in 2020. The observations are made not only for National Strategy), particularly plastic waste. domestic waste but also for waste coming from farms, industries, and other land-based activities.
Currently there is no target for plastic National scale programme and target by MoEF waste recycling by MoEF, however, Adipura Award for Local Governments study was conducted for plastic waste reduction through EPR effort Regional incentive funds for waste management Ministerial Regulation (MoEF) No. P.75/2019 on Roadmap to Waste Reduction by Producers Aceh: Banda Aceh No free lastic ag iloting Draft Ministerial Regulation (MoEF) on Shopping Plastic Bag Reduction rogramme Mo 30% waste reduction and 70% waste handling by 2025 North Sumatera: Medan (based on Perpres No. 97/2017) No free lastic ag iloting rogramme Mo Riau: Pekanbaru No free lastic ag East alimantan: Balikpapan iloting rogramme Mo No free lastic ag iloting rogramme Mo Papua: ayapura South Sumatera: Palembang No free lastic ag No free lastic ag South-east Sulawesi: endari iloting rogramme iloting rogramme Mo No free lastic ag iloting Mo rogramme Mo akarta: No free lastic ag iloting rogramme Mo ollection mo el of collection an rec cling P ottle in e la an eri South alimantan: Maluku: Ambon Banjarmasin No free lastic ag iloting Banten: Tangerang No free lastic ag South Sulawesi: rogramme Mo No free lastic ag iloting rogramme Mo iloting rogramme Mo Makassar No free lastic ag iloting rogramme Mo West ava: Depok, Bogor, Bandung Bali: No free lastic ag No free lastic ag iloting iloting rogramme Mo East ava: rogramme Mo Malang, Surabaya No free lastic ag iloting ollection mo el of Central ava: Solo, Semarang collection an rec cling P Yogyakarta: rogramme Mo No free lastic ag ottle an carton No free Surabaya iloting rogramme Mo lastic ag ollection mo el of iloting rogramme collection an rec cling Mo lastic ac aging
Fig. 2 National waste management programmes – MoEF (Source: SWI analysis, 2019)
5 2. National Overview of Plastic Waste Management
Fig. 3 and Table 2 show plastic waste reduction the baseline recycling rate, and the annual increase projection estimates by MoEF during the discussion in the recycling rate are estimated at 14%, 7% and 2% on development of the EPR regulation. The data respectively. The main target of the EPR is a “take- on waste generation projection is based on the back mechanism”, where producers are responsible JAKSTRANAS. The composition of plastic waste, for recovering their packaging wastes.
12,000,000
10,000,000
8,000,000 tonne 6,000,000
4,000,000
2,000,000
- 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Plastic Waste Generation Plastic Waste Treated Plastic Waste Recycled Plastic Waste Unmanaged
Fig. 3 Plastic waste reduction projection through EPR 2017–2025 (KLHK, 2018) (Source: SWI analysis from MoI data, 2019)
Table 2. Plastic waste reduction projection through EPR 2017–2025 (KLHK, 2018) Waste generation Plastic waste generation projection Target Plastic Waste Reduced Year projection (tonne) (tonne) through EPR effort (tonne)
2017 65,800,000 9,212,000 700,112
2018 66,500,000 9,310,000 931,000
2019 67,100,000 9,394,000 1,127,280
2020 67,800,000 9,492,000 1,423,800
2021 68,500,000 9,590,000 1,726,200
2022 69,200,000 9,688,000 1,937,600
2023 69,900,000 9,786,000 2,250,780
2024 70,600,000 9,884,000 2,471,000
2025 70,800,000 9,912,000 2,973,600 (Source: SWI analysis from MoI data, 2019)
Fig. 4 shows the roadmap of plastic industry for increased plastic production, the MoI has not development estimated by the MoI. The graph considered growth in the plastic recycling industry. shows an expected significant increase in plastic Further, there is no target for “recycled content” in consumption over the next 15 years, which means plastic production, such as plastic waste recycling that plastic production is expected to grow to meet that uses a certain percentage of recycled raw the demand for plastic. While there is an estimation materials to make plastic products.
6 2. National Overview of Plastic Waste Management
Roadmap of plastic industry development Ministry of Industry 120