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Qualitative Study on Migrant Parent Empowerment

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Qualitative Study on Migrant Parent Empowerment QUALITATIVE STUDY ON MIGRANT PARENT EMPOWERMENT Prepared by: Koehler, C.; Bauer, S.; Lotter, K.; Maier, F.; Ivanova, B.; Ivanova, V.; Darmody, M.; Seidler, Y.; Tudjman, T.; Wolff, R.; Kakos, M.; Pèrez-Pozos, V. K. european forum for migration studies (efms) Institute at the University of Bamberg Katharinenstraße 1, 96052 Bamberg, Germany tel +49-951-932020-0, fax +49-951-932020-20 efms@uni-bam be rg.de, http://www.efms.de Directors Prof. Dr. Friedrich Heckmann / Prof. Dr. Daniel Goeler Project Manager Claudia Koehler, claudia.koehler@uni -b am be rg. de ALFIRK is co-funded by the European Commission through This docum ent reflects only the author's view and the Com mission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the inform ation it cont ains. Autho rs of country reports which fed into the synth esis report at hand Country Autho rs Bulgaria Bistra Ivanova, Vanya Ivanova (Multi Kulti Collective) Germany Claudia Koehler, Sebastian Bauer, Kathrin Lotter, Fabian Maier (european forum for migration studies) Republic of Ireland Merike Damody (Economic and Social Research Institute) Netherlands Tomislav Tudjman, Yuri Seidler, Rick Wolff (Risbo – Erasmus University Rotterdam ) Spain Katia Veronica Pozos Pérez (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona) United Kingdom Michalis Kakos (Leeds Beckett University) 2 Contents TABLE OF FIGURES...............................................................................................................................................................................................3 LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................................................................................................................4 1. INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT ...............................................................................................................................................................5 2. LITERATURE REVIEW ..................................................................................................................................................................................6 3. RESEARCH APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY ..........................................................................................................................................22 4. DESCRIPTION OF MIGRATION SITUATION IN EACH COUNTRY ................................................................................................................24 4.1 BULGARIA 24 4.1.1 MIGRAT ION S IT UATION 24 4.1.2 POLICY RE VIE W 27 4.1.3 P ARENTAL NETWORKING 29 4.1.4 CAS E STUDY PROFILES 30 4.1.5 CASE STUDY FINDINGS 32 4.2 GE RM ANY 40 4.2.1 MIGRAT ION S IT UATION 40 4.2.2 POLICY RE VIE W 44 4.2.3 P ARE NT AL NETWORKING 45 4.2.4 CASE STUDY PROFILES 49 4.2.5 CASE STUDY FINDINGS 50 4.3 REPUBLIC OF I RE LAND 56 4.3.1 MIGRAT ION S IT UATION 56 4.3.2 POLICY RE VIE W 59 4.3.3 P ARE NT AL E NGAGE M E NT 61 4.3.4 CASE STUDY SCHOOL PROF ILE S 64 4.3.5 CASE STUDY FINDINGS 67 4.4 NE T HE RLAND S 76 4.4.1 MIGRAT ION S IT UATION 76 4.4.2 POLICY RE VIE W 80 1 4.4.3 P ARENTAL NETWORKING 82 4.4.4 CAS E ST UD Y P ROFILE S 84 4.4.5 CAS E STUDY FINDINGS 86 4.5 SPAIN 92 4.5.1 MIGRAT ION S IT UATION 92 4.5.2 POLICY RE VIE W 98 4.5.3 CAS E STUDY PROFILES 102 4.5.4 SCHOOL P OLICIE S AND P ROCEDURES FOR FAM ILIES 108 4.5.5 CAS E STUDY FINDINGS 110 4.6 UNIT ED KINGDOM 126 4.6.1 MIGRAT ION S IT UATION 126 4.6.2 POLICY RE VIE W 131 4.6.3 CASE STUDY FINDINGS 133 5 CONCLUSION AND RECOM MENDATIONS................................................................................................................................................137 ANNEX .............................................................................................................................................................................................................139 2 Table of Figures Figure 1: Parental involvement and its effect ........................................................................................................ 8 Figure 2: Barriers to parents’ involvement ..........................................................................................................12 Figure 3: Foreign population and population with migration background in Germany, 2011 -2017, in thousand ................41 Figure 4: Non-Iri sh Nationals, 2002-2016, in hundred thousand .............................................................................56 Figure 5: Educational level of mothers in Ireland by national group .........................................................................63 Figure 6: Educational expectations of newcomer mothers by national group in Ireland ................................................63 Figure 7: Principal’s perceptions of migrant students in Ireland ...............................................................................63 Figure 8: Largest population groups by background in the Netherlands ....................................................................76 Figure 9: Graphic development of immigration in Spain, 2000-2015 ........................................................................92 Figure 1 0: Recruitment of foreign nationals in Spain, 2006 -2015 ............................................................................94 Figure 1 1: Evolution, number of foreign students in the Spanish school system, 2006/07 -2016/17 ...............................96 Figure 1 2: Percentage distribution of foreign students by geographical origin, 2016/17 ...............................................96 Figure 1 3: Location of case study schools in districts of Barcelona ......................................................................... 103 3 List of Tables Table 1: Types of parents’ involvement ..............................................................................................................10 Table 2: Information on asylum applications and decisions on asylum applications in the period 2012 -2017 ...................25 Table 3: Top 5 countries of o rigin of asylum applicants (01.01.2017 -31.12.2017) ......................................................25 Table 4: Mig ra nt -Pa re nts -Networks in Germany ...................................................................................................46 Table 5: No n-Irish Nationals compared to population in total, 2002 -2016, in hundred thousand ....................................56 Table 6: Population and population growth of refugee groups in the Netherlands, 1 January 2016 .................................77 Table 7: Ethnical background, De Hef.................................................................................................................84 Table 8: Immi gration in Spain, 1990 -2016 ..........................................................................................................92 Table 9: Migration movements in Spain, 2016 .....................................................................................................93 Table 10: Recruitment of foreign nationals by nationality in Spain ...........................................................................94 Table 11: El R aval ........................................................................................................................................ 104 Table 12: Ro q uet es ....................................................................................................................................... 104 Table 13: School policies and procedures for families at the case studies schools in Barcelona ................................... 108 Table 14: Latest changes in international migration, UK (in thousant s) .................................................................. 126 Table 15: UK, year ending March 2016 and year ending March 2017 (in thousands) ................................................. 127 Table 16: Wo rk -related visa grants in the UK .................................................................................................... 127 Table 17: Highest qualifications of UK -born population, and non -UK born population by length of residence ................. 128 Table 18: Asylum applications in the UK by quarter (excl. Dependants) .................................................................. 129 4 1. Introduction to the project The project ‘ALFIRK – Collaborative Networks for Migrant Parent Empowerment’ addresses the importance of including parents, and in particular migrant parents in school and educational processes of their children. ALFIRK was initiated by the SIRIUS Network – Policy Network on Migrant Education with the support of the European Commission through the Erasmus+ Program and builds up on the SIRIUS ‘Agenda on Migrant Education’ 1. Migrant parents are often found to participate less in the school processes and the education of their chil dren while at the same time many migrant students lag behind in educational achievements. Parental involvement in school and education matters of their children carries the potential to contribute to enhanced educational performance. Furthermore, parents with a migrant background are often not as well connected to local structures and information as parents without a migrant background. Strengthening parental networking and their inclusion in local structures carries the potential to further enhance their involvement in the education of their children. Against this background, ALFIRK addresses barriers in increased parental empowerment in education processes, particularly
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