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P Ly W O O D H a N D B O 2006 AS Latvijas Finieris plywood handbook AS Latvijas Finieris plywood handbook Proposals Proposals and comments please send to [email protected] with reference Handbook. Warnings Plywood Handbook overview reproduction requires a written permission from AS Latvijas Finieris. The list of Standards in Section 8 is not complete; please, visit European Standardisation Committee site http://www.cenorm.be for actual information. In handbook compilation take a part many authors. However, AS Latvijas Finieris don’t garantee that the information in this handbook is complete and accurate. AS Latvijas Finieris shall be not responsible for any defects, which can be proceeded from application inadequate or misunderstood information in this handbook. 0 2 P L Y W O O D H A N D B O O K Introduction Wood is widely used in many industries of national economy. One of the primary advantages of wood is natural regeneration, comparing to other materials. This material is ecological, environment friendly, easy processable and esthetic material. In order to process wood into other products, consumption of energy is substantially smaller than in processing of other materials. Important argument for choose of wood products is their competitive, economical profitability and efficiency, comparing to other materials. The utilization of wood after its service time is simple and environment friendly. Plywood is the most popular of wood products, it has high physical- mechanical properties. People know this product for centuries, and over the years the usage possibilities of plywood are increased in national economy (for example, in transport, shipbuilding, furniture and in other industries). AS Latvijas Finieris has long traditions in plywood production. Despite of this fact, company is developing and improving, and by the time we develop new plywood products and productions technologies in order to offer the products according to customers' requirements and contribute customers' satisfaction. Handbook is developed in order to help you to choose birch plywood products made by AS Latvijas Finieris according to yours needs and requirements, as well as its target is to describe production processes in our company, plywood physical- mechanical properties, possibilities of usage and load bearing possibilities in different cases. Many employees in AS Latvijas Finieris and specialists of this industry participated in development of this handbook. We have obtained information by using reports of plywood tests in different institutes and research institutions, as well as by performing research works at laboratories in AS Latvijas Finieris. P L Y W O O D H A N D B O O K 0 3 e 08 description of the enterprise s i r p r e t n e e h t f o n o i t history of plywood production 08 p i r description and structure of production 10 c s quality and environment protection 11 e d CE marking 12 1 research 13 e r u d 20 descriptionl aofbo ratorijas iespējas 29 e c o sadarbība ar pētniecības institūcijām 31 r production process p jauno produktu attīstība 32 n o i bērzu programma 32 t c u d o r p f o n o i t p i r c s e d 2 24 products description n o types of products 24 i t p grades 27 i r c dimensions and structure 33 s e gluing 34 d s biological durability 35 t c emission of free formaldehyde 35 u d content of pentacholophenol (PCP) 36 o r p moisture content 37 density 37 factory production control 38 3 certificates 40 44 characteristics of products s t c u d o r p f o s c i t s statistical processing of data 44 i r e wear resistance of overlaid plywood 45 t c the effect of loaded heavy duty castors a r a on overlaid plywood 47 h c reaction on fire impact 48 slipping 52 4 chemical stability of overlaid plywood 52 0 4 P L Y W O O D H A N D B O O K 56 mechanical properties s e i t r e p o r p l a c i n a h c 48 e 5 characteristic strength and stiffness 56 m 66 design n g i s general explanatory notes 66 e uniform load 68 d floors - uniform load 69 concrete formworks - uniform load 72 concentrated load 75 concentrated load over an area 50*50 mm 76 6 concentrated load over an area 80*180 mm 79 86 application n o i t a c i l p p storage, acclimatization, transportation 86 a machining 88 finishing 88 installation 90 7 main plywood applications 93 98 literature e r u t a r e t i 8 l P L Y W O O D H A N D B O O K 0 5 1 description of the enterprise history of plywood production 08 description and structure of production 10 quality and environment protection 11 CE marking 12 research 13 1.1. History of plywood production e s i r One may find start of plywood production in Latvia in 1873, the year of Latvijas Berzs, Joint p r Stock Company, foundation. At the beginning they were manufacturing school blackboards e t n and pencils for carpenter, but in 1909 the hydraulic press was installed at the factory and e e plywood production was started. h t f o In 1913 there were three plywood factories in Latvia producing about 50 thousand cubic n o i t meters of plywood per year. Furniers, Plywood Factory, founded in 1923, was the biggest p i r plywood manufacturer for export at that time. Besides, the factory produced special plywood c s for aviation as well. e d In 1929 the Joint Stock Company Lignums was founded - the most modern veneer and plywood manufacturer at the time, producing 15 thousand cubic meters of plywood per year, including aviation and water-proof grades. e r u In 1940 up to 3'000 employees worked for the three mentioned factories as well as for 10 d e other small plywood manufacturers producing 83 thousand cubic meter of plywood per year. c o r About half of this volume had been exported mainly to England, Germany, Denmark and p n other countries. All the plywood was made of Latvian birch wood. Development of plywood o i t production in Latvia was progressing until the beginning of World War II. In 1940 Joint Stock c u Companies were transformed into State-owned Enterprises. d o r p f During the Soviet occupation (1945 - 1991) mainly low quality packing plywood of Russian o n round timber (about 70%) was produced in Latvia. Basically, produced plywood had been o i t sold in the Republics of the Soviet Union (Russia, the Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Moldavia, p i r c Uzbekistan, etc.). Up to 15% of Latvian plywood was sold in Western countries via the Soviet s e Union (Eksportles - a centralized Soviet Export organization). d Figure 1.1. Plywood production in Latvia from 1913 to 1940, thousand m3 3 m d 83 n n a o 74 i s t u p i o r c h t s , e 54 d d o 50 s o t c w u y l d p o f r o p e m u l o v 1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 s t Mainly 1525*1525 mm interior plywood of different grade and thickness was produced. c u After the World War II until 1975 plywood in Latvia was manufactured by 4 factories Latvijas d o r Berzs, Lignums, Furniers in Riga and Vulkans in Kuldiga. p f o s In 1975 the three manufacturers (Latvijas Berzs, Lignums and Furniers) jointly established c i t s the Plywood Production Union of Latvia, State-owned Enterprise. By the end of 80's i r e significant decline of plywood production took place. The reason for that was the near t c a collapse of the Soviet Union. r a h c In 1991, on restoration of the Latvian State independence, the resumption of glued products and plywood production development took place. Import of veneer logs from Russia was 0 8 P L Y W O O D H A N D B O O K stopped. Plywood was made of local (Latvian) birch wood. In 1992 there was established Latvijas Finieris, Private Joint Stock Company, consisting of three plywood producers keeping longtime plywood manufacturing traditions: Furniers, s e i Lignums and Latvijas Berzs. t r e p o The range of produced plywood was rapidly expanded: overlaid plywood, interior and exterior r p plywood, precious wood veneered plywood, varnished and painted plywood, plywood for l a c processing with laser cutting tools, etc. Broad range of these plywood types as to thickness, i n a lenght and width is available. h c e m Figure 1.2. Volume of production of glued products in Latvia (as part of the Soviet Union), thousand m3 3 m d n 139 134 a s u 120 120 o h 106 t 106 , d 107 o o 72 w y 64 l n p g i f s o e e d m u 18 l o v 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 Figure 1.3. AS Latvijas Finieris production of glued products, thousand m3 3 223 m 212 d 222 n a 189 s u 167 o 190 n h 181 t o i , t d a o c 130 i l o 136 p w p y l a p f 90 106 o e m 62 u 68 l o v 40 55 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 Lignums and Furniers productions were principally modernised.
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