INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR SOIL MECHANICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

This paper was downloaded from the Online Library of the International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMGE). The library is available here: https://www.issmge.org/publications/online-library

This is an open-access database that archives thousands of papers published under the Auspices of the ISSMGE and maintained by the Innovation and Development Committee of ISSMGE. Preface

The fifteenth conference of the International Socie ty of Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering is to be held in Istanbul from 27 to 31 August 2001. It is the first international conference under the newly acquired name of "Geotechnical Engineering". “Soil Mechanics” as a scientific discipline started early in the twentieth century through Karl Terzaghi’s papers based on the experiments he performed during his stay in Istanbul. So the first Conference of the twenty-first century in Istanbul comes with a feeling of nostalgia.

In preparing the programme for the present Conference, the Conference Advisory Committee designated specific subject groups and a number of meetings to discuss them. Theme Lectures will be delivered at Plenary Sessions, followed later in the conference by related Discussion Sessions. It is intended that a working relationship will be built between Plenary and respective Discussion Sessions. The role of the Theme Lecturers consists of two parts: the first is the contribution in writing of a comprehensive report and the second is the delivery of the lecture at the time of the Conference. It is envisaged that a Theme Lecture is not a complete state-of-the-art, nor is it a general report, but more of the type of a lecture presented as Rankine or Terzaghi Lectures in the United Kingdom and the United States of America. Each Plenary Session lasts 60 minutes.

Discussion Sessions carry more weight from the point of interaction between participants through lively discussions. Discussion Sessions cover certain aspe cts of the main theme and they take place at different times to allow the participants interested in one m ain theme to follow all the related Discussion Sessions. During the Discussion Session Panel Members have been asked to make their contributions through their answers to questions or problems posed to them by the Discussion Leader. Discussion Leaders have been asked to organise the time available in order to underline a few key topics of interest which will be taken up in the Session. Discussion Leaders are also responsible for conducting the floor discussion following the presentations of the Panellists. Finally, a summary report will be prepared with the assistance of the Session Reporter, and submitted to the Organising Committee to be included in the Post-Conference Volume of the Proceedings. Each Discussion Session lasts 90 minutes. Workshops have a special place in the programme. They are organised by the Organiser/Chairman of the W orkshop and it is intended that the Panel Members of the W orkshop concentrate on few problems and try to reach useful and meaningful conclusions. Each W orkshop lasts 90 minutes.

Also in the programme is the Terzaghi Oration, Heritage Lecture and Special Lectures each of which will constitute a corner stone in the development of soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering. Lectures on three Momentous Projects, namely on the construction of Suez Canal, on the construction of Panama Canal and on land reclamation in The Netherlands, have been prepared by well known experts. The Conference Advisory Committee appointed Chairpe rsons of various sessions, Theme Lecturers, Discussion Leaders and Panel Members. The Organising Committee wishes to express its gratitude to all persons-on-the-stage and to the authors of papers for their co-operation. In publishing the papers the Organising Committee has followed the precedent of earlier Conferences. The International Society imposed a specified quota for the contributions from each Member Society, with the understanding that an average of four pages would be required for the publication of each paper. T he contributions are classified according to the sub-topic/Discussion Session in which they would be referred. Volumes 1, 2 and 3 of the proceedings contain all the papers presented. Volume 4 will be distributed after the Conference and will contain the Terzaghi Oration, Heritage Lecture, the Special Lectures, summarie s of the Discussion Sessions and W orkshops, and the minutes of the Council Meetings of ISSMGE.

XVII The Committee acknowledges with thanks the co-opera tion of Publishers, to whom the task of publishing the Conference Proceedings was entrusted. It has been the purpose of the Organising Committee to provide an opportunity for engineers and scien­ tists working in the field of soil mechanics and ge otechnical engineering to meet and to present new ideas, achievements and experiences. It is hoped that dele gates will enjoy and benefit from the many technica l sessions that have been arranged.

Prof.Dr. Ergiin Togrol

XVIII Préface

Le XV éme Congrès de la Société Internationale de M écanique des Sols et de la Géotechnique se tiendra à Istanbul de 27 au 31 août 2001. C’est le premier Congrès International placé sous le singe de ‘La Géotechnique’. ‘La Mécanique des Sols’ en tant que discipline scientifique a commencé au début du vingtième siècle avec les articles de Karl Terzaghi basés sur des expériences qu’il a exécutées pendant son séjour à Istanbul. Ainsi le premier Congrès International du vingt et unième siècle arrive avec un sentiment de nostalgie. En préparant le programme de ce Congrès, le Comité Consultatif a définei un certain nombre de thèmes et les séances pour les discuter. Les conférences seront prononcées lors des Séances Plénières. Les discussions auront lieu pendant les Séances de Discussion. On peut espérer que de fructueux échanges s’établiront entre les Séances Plénières et les Séances de Discussion. Le rôle des conférenciers est double : d’une part, ils apportent une contribution écrite sur un des thèmes majeurs et, d’autre part, ils prononcent leur conférence pendant le Congrès. Celle-ci ne doit pas être un état des connnaissances exhaustif, ni un rapport général, mais plutôt une présentation proche des conférences de Rankine (au Royaume-Uni) ou de Terzaghi (aux Etats-Unis). Chaque Séance Plénière dure 60 minutes. Les Séances de Discussion accordent beaucoup d’importance aux échanges entre les participants et favoriseront les discussions. Les Séances de Discussion couvrent certains aspects du thème principal et elles ont lieu à différentes heures pour permettre aux participants intéressés par un thème de suivre toutes les Séances de Discussion qui lui seraient dédiées. Pendant une Séance de Discussion, les membres du Panel sont demandés de répondre aux questions et aux problèmes posés par l’Animateur de la Séance de Discussion. Les Animateurs sont demandés d’utiliser au mieux le temps disponible et de centrer les débats sur les sujets principaux de chaque Séance. Les Animateurs d’une Séance de Discussion sont aussie responsables de la conduite des débats après les présentation des membres présentations des membres du Panel. Enfin, un résumé sera préparé avec l’assistance du Rapporteur de la Séance, et soumis au Comité d’Organisation pour être inclus dans le dernier volumes des Actes dont la parution est prévu après les Congrès. Chaque Séances de Discussion dure 90 minutes. Les Ateliers ont unde place spécifique dans le programme. Ils sont organisés par l’Organisateur our le Président de l’Atelier. Les membres du Panel de l’Atelier se concentrent sur quelques problèmes et essaient d’obtenir une conclusion utile et significative. Chaque Atelier dure 90 minutes. Dans le programme, sont également prévues la Conférence en Hommage à Terzaghi, la Conférence du Patrimoine et les Conférences Spéciales, dont chacune constituera une "pierre angulaire" dans les fondements de la mécanique des sols et de la géotechnicque. Pendant le Congrées, trois "Réalisation Historique Exceptionneles" sont préparées par des experts reconnus. Les Présidents de divers séances, les Conférenciers, les Animateurs des Séances de Discussion et les Membres du Panel sont nommés par la Comité Consultatif du Congrès. Le Comité d’Organisation exprime sa gratitude à toutes les personnes qui interviennent oralement et aux auteurs des articles pour leur coopération. En éditant les constributions, le Comité d’Organisation a suivi la modèle des conférences précédentes. La Société Internationale a imposé une quote-part pour les contributions de chaque Société Membre. Une moyenne de quatre pages a été fixée pour chaque communication. Celles-ci ont été classées en fonction des sujets des Séances de Discussion. Les volumes 1, 2 et 3 des Actes contiennent toutes les

XIX contributions présentées. Le volume 4 sera distribué après les Congrès et contiendra la Conférence en Hommage à Terzaghi, la Conférence due Patrimoine, les Conférences Spécialses, les sommaries des Séances de Discussion, des Ateliers, et des éventuels comptes rendus des colloques satellites ainsi que les comptes rendus du conseil de la SIMSG. Le Comité adresse ses plus sincères remerciements aux Publishers, à qui la tâche de publier les Actes du Congrès a été confiée. L’objectif du Comité d’Organisation étiat de réunir les ingénieurs et les scientifiques travaillant dans le domaine de la mécanique des sols et de la géotechnique, pour qu'ils échangent du nouvelles idées, exposent des réalisations et partagent des expériences. Beaucoup d’efforts ont été pour atteindre cet objectif et rendre ce Congrès enrichissant pour tout la monde.

Prof.Dr. Ergün Togrol

XX Opening Remarks E.Togrol — Chairman, Organising Committee

It gives me very great pleasure, as President of the Turkish The purpose of the present Organising Committee, as in the National Committee, to welcome you as members of the XVth past, is to provide an opportunity for engineers and scientists International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical working in the field of soil mechanics and geotechnical Engineering. engineering to meet and to present new ideas, achievements, and 70 countries are represented here today. 506 papers have experiences. However, this Conference should not be seen as a been accepted for this Conference and are published in the first self-contained event but, rather, as the start of a wider activity. three volumes of the Proceedings. The organisers hope that discussions will go beyond the During those five days there will be 15 Plenary Sessions,18 exchange of settled views to the identification of key shared Discussion Sessions, and 7 Workshops. problems and opportunities for further cooperation. This XVth Conference is taking place 65 years after the We are gratefiil to the organisers of previous conferences who creation of the International Society in Cambridge, have established a strong tradition for us to follow. In Massachusetts in 1936. Fourteen international conferences were welcoming you all I would like to add that we are deeply held in the last century: after Harvard we met in Rotterdam, honoured to have here our Past Presidents, Professor Ralph Peck, Zurich, London, Paris, Montreal, Mexico City, Moscow, Tokyo, Professor Victor de Mello, Professor Bengt Broms, and Stockholm, San Francisco, Rio de Janeiro, New Delhi, and Professor Mike Jamiolkowski as our distinguished guests. Hamburg. I and my colleagues in Turkey are greatly honoured to I should also like to mention that Professor Sir Alec Skempton, have the XVth Conference: the first conference of our third Professor Jean Kerisel, and Professor Masami Fukuoka have millennium here in Istanbul, the magic city where two continents very kindly sent their good wishes for the success o f this meet I hope you will truly enjoy every minute of this Conference. Conference.

2403 Speech of the President of the Republic of Turkey His Excellency Süleyman Demirel

Distinguished Guests, path towards achieving this goal. Engineers and scientist, through the use of science and technology, have important Distinguished participants of the XV th International Conference responsibilities and services to offer. on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. I welcome you all to our beautiful Istanbul, built on two continents and the crossroads of ancient civilisations. Distinguished Guests, On September 8, 1995 as the President of the Republic of Turkey, I wrote to the President, Professor Jamiolkowski and The 2 la century should be; requested him to convene the XVth International Conference in • The century of democracy, Turkey. • It should be the century of prosperity. As an engineer who served to realise major engineering • It should not be the century of the very rich and the very projects contributing to the development of Turkey, I would to poor. express the pleasure I feel that Istanbul hosts this conference. • The century of peace depends on the factors. I believe that our distinguished participants will be pleased to see • I believe that human kind has reached the maturity level to the engineering works and to witness the historic and natural comprehend this. riches of Turkey. Everybody has a duty and a service to offer.

Dear Guests, We are in search of; • A more beautiful, As we enter the 21 st century, scientists and engineers have a • More green, major responsibility for mankind. • More peaceful, Thanks to science and technology, the 20 th century has • Healthier, witnessed changes and developments which were once • More secure world, where everybody takes his or her fair unimaginable, unthinkable. share of the blessings. The transportation and communications revolution has shrunk the world and brought people closer. As a result, these changes Today’s world is more beautiful than yesterday’s. have contributed to the creation of the information age and Tomorrow’s world should be more beautiful than today’s. globalisation. It also contributed to a growing realisation that Scientists and engineers have a great responsibility towards peace is indispensable. These developments and changes have reaching the goal of a better world. compressed the boundaries of our planet. I am sure you will have a successful and useful conference. Humanity has never threatened its host planet as it has today. I wish you all the best in your work and also a very happy World population, which was less than 2 billion in the beginning stay in Istanbul. of the 20 century, has almost reached 6 billion. Finding a drop of water to drink, a slice of bread to eat, and clean air to breath will become a problem. The survival of our planet is the biggest challenge facing mankind. Hopes are that humanity will become more conscious o f these threats and that innovations of science and technology will bring about new solutions. To keep the world livable, scientist and engineers should exert additional effort regarding to rehabilitation and construction standards. Another international problem is poverty. In today’s world, one million people earn less than one dollar a day. Half of the world population has less than a 2 dollar income a day. Illiteracy and inadequate health care are other dimensions of poverty. With the new millennium, mankind has begun its search for higher levels of prosperity, a more established peace, and lasting and permanent stability. The solution depends on “global cooperation”. Sustainable and widespread development is the

2405 New visions on higher education G. Saglamer - Rector, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey

His excellency 9th President Suleyman Demirel, New Vision for Higher Education Distinguished Guests, United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation Ladies and Gentlemen, organised a World Conference on higher education in Paris in 1998. At the end o f the conference, World Declaration on Higher It is a great honour for me to address such distinguished audience Education for the Twenty-first Century: Vision and Action was from all over the world for the occasion of XVth International announced. This declaration starts with the sentence below: Conference of Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. Five years ago when Prof. Dr. ErgUn Togrol to whom I have “On the eve of a new century, there is an unprecedented the highest respect in our academic world, visited me and gave demand for and great diversification in higher education, as well me the good news about this conference I was so exited but at as an increased awareness of its vital importance for socio­ the same time it was so far for me to think of 2001. But here we cultural and economic development, and for building the future are, at last XVth Conference has started here in Istanbul with for which the younger generations will need to be equipped with such a good participation and with great enthusiasm. new skills, knowledge and ideals.”

Distinguished Guests, This sentence contains many wishes but at the same time I would like to give you a brief information about our university. many problems too. Higher education institutions have been Istanbul Technical University is the oldest surviving institution trying to internationalise their research and teaching activities. of higher education in this country, having been founded in 1773 Quality Control not only in higher education but also in every by Sultan Mustafa III, as a semi-military establishment to field is the most important issue of our age. Diversification of introduce into Turkey the western standards of education and higher education in order to cope with new class of students, research. In 1883 it became a civil engineering school. technological changes and new kind of jobs create reasons to The university further developed in the late 19th century by change traditional university concepts and structures. On the introducing into its faculty some notable researchers from abroad other hand, mobility of students and professionals forces among whom the founder of soil mechanics, Prof. Karl Terzaghi universities to create basis for offering equivalent degrees, this of Vienna, was perhaps the best known. Prof. Terzaghi started results to decrease diversification in higher education and teaching in our university on 12lh of September in 1916. He standardisation becomes goal. conducted his early consolidation tests on the soft Golden Hom Conflicting goals confuse universities in every aspect of clays. He also carried out some shear tests using a very simple higher education and make them question everything including wooden shear box. We still preserve this box in the department their existence. as our most valuable jewel. Why do we need a new vision? In 1944, the institution was given its current name Istanbul What are our future expectations? Technical University. Today Istanbul Technical University with What impact has globalisation created on higher education? its 1800 research and teaching staff, 13 000 undergraduate, nearly 6 600 graduate students is one of the leading universities Why do we need a new vision? in science and technology in Turkey. Challenges that higher education has been facing in the last International activities which have been one of the most decade forces it to create new visions to survive, to have a important endeavour in the academic and professional world sustainable development and to continue to play a major role in have been creating mutual environment to speed up the the society as it has played throughout centuries. Form and globalisation process all over the world. In this opening address content of education, its role and its relationships in society are I would like to talk on globalisation and new visions on higher in question now. If universities are able to create new visions education. then they will be able to keep up the pace. If higher education Under the forces of globalisation higher education system has can not restructure itself for future changes and create capacity been undergoing big changes to adjust itself to the rapidly for flexible and adaptable teaching and learning environment changing world especially for the last decade. Individuals, then, it will certainly loose its impact on society. communities, institutions, states, market and culture can not isolate themselves from these changes if they want to compete What are our future expectations? worldwide. Universities should help us to create Globalisation is the trend of the 1990s as postmodernism was A learning society the trend of the 1980s. Globalisation has been defined as “a An innovative society concept that refers to the compression of the world and the A capacity for awareness intensification of consciousness of the world as a whole”. The A capacity for change global world has been defined as one where time and space are A capacity for peace compressed.

2407 Universities also should help us to preserve Cultural Ethical Environmental values.

What effect globalisation created on Higher Education? Globalisation forces higher education to give priority to the following concepts: • Internationalisation • Quality control/accreditation • Diversity and variety • Co-operation and competition • Flexibility and adaptability • Mobility • Accountability • Market driven management • Team work, Leadership, Creativity • Integration with society • Integration with technology

My last words contain my expectation about future. As Edmund Burke stated, “You can never plan the future by the past”. The inclusion of future components within our lives provides us with different insight to perceive today with the eyes of tomorrow. We have to come to terms with the fact we live in a universe in continuous change. We have no chance to change the past and to control today ultimately, but we can plan our future and make it happen. Without a long-term vision, we are left at the mercy of daily problem solving. I would like to conclude my comments with an old saying “The future belongs to those who earn it”. I wish you a successful conference and I hope our distinguished guests will enjoy their stay in Istanbul.

2400 President’s Opening Address and Report

K.lshihara - President ISSMGE

President of the Turkish Geotechnical Society, Professor E. Tog- The total number of members has dropped to 15,626 on June, rol, other distinguished guests, fellow members of the Interna­ 2001, from the corresponding figure of 16,214 on June, 1999, tional Society of Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, mainly because of the structural change that has taken place in and accompanying persons, it is with considerable pleasure and some of the member societies. The number of corporate sponsors delight that we can witness the opening of the most prestigious was 21 in June 2001. The changes in membership of ISSMGE and memorable Conference here in Istanbul. since 1953 are shown in Fig. 1. It has become a tradition that the President addresses the Opening Ceremony of the ICSMGE. I am pleased and privileged to follow this tradition. The 15th of its series will be particularly special in three re­ spects. Firstly, it is the first time when the ICSMGE comes back to a home country where our profession was given birth by Pro­ fessor K. Terzaghi who elaborated soil mechanics research here in Istanbul, and wrote the book “F.rdbaumechanik” in 1925. Sec­ ondly, this conference will offer an opportunity for us to look back and trace of development of our profession in the 20th century and to witness how superbly our forerunners have con­ tributed to establishing the esteemed discipline of soil mechanics and geotechnics. Thirdly, this International Conference is the first of the 21 st century marking a starting point with novel per­ spectives. It is hoped that we attempt to explore the future of our 1S37 1941 1945 1949 1963 1957 1961 1965 1969 1973 1977 1961 1965 1969 1993 1997 2001 2005 Y ear profession at the dawn of a new millennium. The whole program of the 15-ICSMGE is planned in this Figure 1 Changes in membership and member societies o f ISSMGE general context. There will be the Terzaghi Oration and Invited Lecture revisiting his achievements. There will also be presenta­ tions on Momentous Projects regarding the large earthmoving 2 CHANGE OF SECRETARY GENERAL AND projects in this century. These will highlight some of the features SECRETARIAT on how our profession has emerged and developed from experi­ ences in practice. To help explore the future of our profession, The Secretary General of ISSMGE is the core officer gearing the there will the Perspectives Session where a series of presenta­ operation of our Society. As is well known, the first Secretary of tions is planned by well-known experts in respective fields. The ISSMFE was Professor A Casagrande, followed by Professor conference also incorporates a series of novel events, that is, the D.W. Taylor who acted in this capacity until 1957. The Secre­ Satellite Conferences that have been held at various cities in tariat then moved to the ICE in London until in 1965 Professor Turkey. I am confident that the 15-ICSMGE provides ample and J.K.T.L. Nash came in and served for the period of 16 years until unique opportunities for all of you present here to meet and greet his sudden death in 1981. The Secretariat was located in the each other and to learn much of up-to-date technical knowledge, King’s College in London where he worked. After some months and fulfil the intended goals. of service by Professor J.B. Burland, Dr. R.H.G. Parry was The current status of the ISSMGE and new initiatives taken nominated as the Secretary General in 1981 and continued to during the period 1997-2001 are described in the following serve in this capacity until 1999. Dr. Parry worked enormously written report. to the ISSMGE which achieved unprecedented growth both in scale of membership and scope of its activities during his term of office. Acting on his wishes, it was decided that the Secretary 1 MEMBERSHIP General be changed along with the Secretariat. Based on rec­ ommendations from member societies, a series of procedures The total number of member societies of ISSMGE is now 73 was worked out for selection of a new Secretary General during with the addition of two new societies, that is, (the Former the period of September 1997 to March 1998. As a result, Pro­ Yugoslav Republic of) Macedonia and Albania. Our Society is fessor Neil Taylor was selected based on the proposal from considered unique, in comparison to other international learned British Geotechnical Association, and it was subsequently ap­ societies, in that the countries of member societies cover practi­ proved by the Board at its meeting in Atlanta in May, 1998. cally all regions of the world, both developed and developing. From then to June 1999, Dr. R. Parry shared the Secretary Gen­ Those areas where there is no member society yet but potentially eralship half by half with Professor R.N. Taylor. After one year viable are the Gulf region, Central Asian region and Middle of the hand-over period, Professor Taylor started officially to American region. take office and the Secretariat moved to the City University in London. In the new office of ISSMGE, an administrator, Ms. A.

2409 Lawrence was employed to assist routine tasks and she is now 5 SYNERGY WITH SISTER SOCIETIES serving in this capacity. In appreciation of Dr. R.H.G. Parry’s contribution to our So­ The need for cooperation with the sister societies, that is, Inter­ ciety, a small ceremony was performed at the end of the Council national Society for Rock Mechanics (ISRM) and International Meeting at Amsterdam in June 1999 and a farewell message was Association for Engineering Geology and the Environment given to him by the President As a token of appreciation, a bou­ (IAEG) has been recognised widely amongst members o f our quet was presented each to him and to his Secretary, Mrs. A Society, and it was agreed in the previous Board (1993 - 1997) Cobb. to hold periodically the meeting of the office bearers of the three sister societies. The initiatives led by the Ex-President, Professor M. Jamiolkowski culminated in the holding of the GeoEng2000 3 INFORMATION TRANSFER Conference in November 19-24, 2000 in Melbourne, Australia which was truly memorable and fruitful. Specialists in the three disciplines assembled together and had a convivial occasion to communicate with each other. We learned of the importance of 3.1 ISSMGE Web-site engineering geology to broad and profound understanding of the In order to increase the visibility of the ISSMGE and enhance general environment under which we develop our work. We also the availability of up-to-date information relating to the ISS­ learned how closely the area of rock mechanics is associated MGE, a web-site was established in the Internet at the address with the expertise of soil mechanics. With all of these taken to­ http://www.issmge.org/ The site is entered via the home page gether, the GeoEng2000 is highly evaluated as an event to have which gives a broad outline of the information available in the achieved its intended goals for synergy with considerable suc­ five areas: News, Conferences, Technical Committees, Member cess. It is to be remembered that the GeoEng2000 would not Societies and the Regions, and the Society. In all of the above have been so successfully implemented without the efforts of M. headings, links to other sites are provided to facilitate the use of Ervin and Professor C. Haberfield, organisers of the conference. the web-network belonging to TCs and local offices o f Member Their endeavour and overall cooperation of the Australian Geo­ Societies of ISSMGE. technical Society is deeply appreciated on behalf o f the ISS­ MGE. The cooperation of other societies in the related fields is also to be acknowledged. 3.2 SGI-line In his key-note address in the Opening Session, former Presi­ The ISSMGE exchanged the Memorandum of Agreement with dent N. Morgenstem traced back the development in each of the the Swedish Geotechnical Institute on March 31, 1998 so that the three sister societies and pointed out the desirability of estab­ members of ISSMGE can have access via the Internet to the lit­ lishing what may be called an International Geotechnical Union erature database called SGI-line. It maintains a database of geo­ (IGU). Taking advantage of the occasion of GeoEng2000, the of­ technical literature since 1976. It is now possible for all members fice bearers of the three Sister Societies met in Melbourne and of ISSMGE to have free access to the SGI-Line and read ab­ discussed this matter and it was agreed to explore further its fea­ stracts of papers and obtain copies of full text upon payment. sibility. Originally, the GeoEng2000 was planned as a one-off event commemorating the Millennium. However, in view of its suc­ 3.3 Installation o f the web-sites of Technical Committees cess there was an upsurge of ideas for holding a similar confer­ There are many Technical Committees (TC) which installed the ence once again and proposals were submitted for holding an­ web-site of their own to facilitate communication among mem­ other in 2004. The three Sister Societies discussed the matter and bers. It is becoming common practice to publicise their various agreed to adopt a proposal from the Canadian Geotechnical So­ activities, and to announce details of programmes via the Inter­ ciety. In order not to clash with the general topics of the already net especially when TCs organise international conferences or existing international conferences, it was advised that this con­ symposia. This practice adds greatly to cost savings and speed of ference should be organised so as to focus on some specific notification of new information. In TC-10: Geophysical Site subject which is of common interest to the Sister Societies. Act­ Characterisation, for example, a bulletin board was installed via ing on this suggestion, the Canadian Geotechnical Society pro­ the Internet making it possible to develop networking with col­ posed a conference with the theme “Geo-Engineering for Re­ leagues, sharing knowledge and exchanging discussions and source Development”. After obtaining the consent of the three views. Sister Societies it was endorsed and preparation for holding the conference in Calgary, Canada, is now underway. 3.4 International Geotechnical Services Directory Installation of a “yellow pages” of geotechnical consultants, 6 ISSMGE YOUNG GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERS contractors and equipment suppliers via Internet is under prog­ AWARD ress. This is expected to give additional revenue for our Society, which could be used as bursaries to Young Engineer’s Confer­ In the Council Meeting in Amsterdam in June 1999, it was pro­ ences and so forth. posed by the Japanese Geotechnical Society to establish the Young Geotechnical Engineers Award in order to encourage re­ search and acknowledge the contribution of young members of 4 FINANCIAL STATUS the Society. The Award Committee was established in the Board with the Youngest Board Member, Professor M. Randolph act­ The scale of the budget as of 2000 is of the order o f 140,000 ing as Chair. The content and framework of the Award was can­ GBP. Since there is some accumulated balance, the budget o f vassed and authorised in the 1999 Amsterdam Council Meeting ISSMGE appears satisfactory at present However, with the ex­ to start in 2001 at the time of the 15-ICSMGE. The Award is pected gradual decrease in the balance and also to catch up with given in recognition of achievement during the four-year period mildly progressing inflation, an increase by 12.5% is necessary preceding the quadrennial ICSMGE for one or more individuals of the total budget beginning in 2002. A fee increase has not who are aged 35 years or less. The winners are selected from the been made since 1991. The sharing of this total amount amongst papers submitted to the quadrennial International Conference on 73 member societies would be an issue to be considered by the Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering and the five Re­ next Board. gional Conferences on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engi­ neering.

2410 Acting upon the rules stipulated, applications of candidates an excellent overview of what has happened in that region dur­ were received through the member societies. A series o f re­ ing the last 30 years. viewing procedures were followed and three candidates were selected as the winners of the 2001 awards, namely, Mr. Serge Table 1. Conferences of ISSMGE (1997-2001) Borel (France), Dr. Gunila Franz^n (Sweden) and Dr. Christo­ XJVth International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical pher Martin (Australia). Presentation of the awards was sched­ Engineering (ICSMGE) (Hamburg, September 6-12, 1997) uled for the Closing Ceremony of the 15 ICSMGE in Istanbul. 8th Australia-New Zealand Conference on Geomechanics (Hobart, Australia, February 15-19, 1999) ___ 12th European Conference on SMGE 7 MAJOR CONFERENCES (Amsterdam, Netherlands, June 7-10, 1999) 11th Danube-fiuropean Conference on SMGE The ISSMGE has organised the International Conference on Soil (Porec, Croatia, May 25-29, 1998) Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering at an interval of four 11th Baltic Gaetechnics Conf. on Geotechnics years since 1936. In the mid-term year between the two confer­ (Pamu, Estonia, May 10-12,2000) ences, Regional Conferences on Soil Mechanics on Geotechnical ---- 11th□ Panamerican Conference on SMGE Engineering have been held in each of the five regions o f the (Iguas Fall, Brazil, August 8-12, 1999) world. These two series of conferences have long been the core ___ 11th Asian Regional Conference on SMGE events of the activities in the ISSMGE and attracted a large (Seoul, Korea, August 16-20, 1999) number of engineers and researchers involved in the profession 13th Southea&t-Asian Geotechnical Conference of geotechnical engineering. These conferences that form part of (Taipei, November 16-20, 1998) a series and organised during the period of 1997-2001 are shown 1st Central Asian Geotechnical Symposium in Table 1 together with other local small-scale conferences (Astana, Kazakhstan, May 25-28,2000) which are not directly sponsored by the ISSMGE. In addition, 1st Int. r n n f - nn Geotechnical, Geoenvironmental the ISSMGE has instituted another conference in series in 1993 ___ Engineering and management in Arid Lands (Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates, Nov. 4-7, 2000) entitled International Congress on Environmental Geotechnics (ICEG). This is also shown in Table 1, and a brief account will ---- 12th African Regional Conference on SMGE be given for this in the later section on “Technical Committees”. (Durban, South Africa, October 25-27, 1999) For the quadrennial International Conference, the number of Third International Congress on Environmental Geotechnics (ICEG) participants may be a measure to estimate its popularity and the (Lisbon, Portugal, September 7-11, 1998) change of this over the years is presented in Figure 2. It can be International Young Geotechnical Engineers Conference (YGEC) seen that the number of attendees showed a record high, 1750, at (Southampton, U.K., September 8-13, 2000) the time of Moscow Conference in 1973 but has since tended to ----- 6th European Young Geotechnical Engineers Conf. decrease to a level of 900 and again bounce back to 1050 in (Madrid, Spain, 1997) Hamburg. ---- 7th European Young Geotechnical Engineers Con­ It is reported that there were 200 - 650 participants in each of ference the Regional Conferences for the period of 1997 - 2001, and (Santorini, Greece, September 23-25, 1999) therefore the total number of attendees to all the Regional Con­ ---- 1st Int. Conf. on Geotechnical Engineering, Educa­ ferences could amount roughly to 2,100 people. The 3rd Interna­ tion and Training tional Congress on Environmental Geotechnics was attended by (Sinaia, Romania, June 12-14, 2000) about 500 individuals. Thus, the total number of participants to ---- 1“ Panamerican Conference on the Process of the traditional four-yearly ICSMGE and ICEG plus five Re­ Teaching-Learning Geotechnical Engineering gional Conferences is estimated as about 3,800. (Oaxaca, Mexico, November 21-22,2000) In parallel to these, there have been numerous conferences ---- 4th Asian Young Geotechnical Engineering Conf. and symposia organised by the Technical Committees (TCs) of (Seoul, Korea, May 21-23,2001) our Society. During the term 1997-2001, 20 technical gatherings International Conference on Geotechnical and Geological Engineering (see Table 3) have been held at various parts of the world under (GeoEng2000) (Melbourne, Australia, November 19-24,2000) the aegis of ISSMGE. Each of such conferences is estimated to have attracted about 220 experts on the average and thus the total number of attendees could be about 4,200. From these statistics, it appears that the number o f partici­ pants to TC-operated conferences now transcends that of the tra­ ditional conferences. This seems to provide evidence that activi­ ties of our Society have moved more positively towards those of TCs. In addition, there are several conferences in-series dealing with general topics of geotechnical engineering which have been organised locally within some regions. These include, for in­ stance, Danube Conference, Baltic Conference and Southeast Asian Conference, as shown also in Table 1. These conferences are not directly under the aegis of ISSMGE but core people and most of the participants seem to be members of ISSMGE. These conferences are known to have been useful in that engineers in Year neighbouring countries can attend with easy access and discuss issues of local importance and a sense of partnership can be es­ Figure 2 The number of participants in the quadrennial ICSMGE tablished. Investigations into the origin and historical back­ ground of these local gatherings have commenced but are not yet A regional conference with similar nature was organised in complete. Although the ISSMGE had no formal relationship Kazakhstan in May 2000 by the effort of Dr. A.Z. Zhusupbekov with these events, it may be worth paying attention to the out­ where about 200 people got together. It was veiy effective not come of these conferences. In this respect, the article by Dr. only in enhancing cooperation of engineers in neighbouring Mets describing the history of the Baltic Geotechnical Confer­ countries but also in identifying problems specific to the Central ence (Proc. 11th Baltic Geotechnical Conference, 2000) provides Asian region. The second conference is being planned in the near

2411 future, and this is expected to grow into a conference, which will facility, usually a university, for a period of 3 to 4 days. Each be held in series. attendee is given an opportunity to make presentation on the Another conference of significance was the 1st International topic of their choice and discussions are developed on them. Conference held in United Arab Emirates in 2000 as listed in There are 2-5 senior experts also in attendance and they deliver Table 1. This Conference tumed'out to be an important attempt talks on general subjects. The YGEC is known to have been very to integrate various activities and identify geotechnical problems useful in filling the gap between junior and senior experts and relevant to the arid region. There are many aspects of problems also in fermenting a sense of fraternity in experts in the emerging yet to be explored in lands with arid environments. generation. The YGECs held for the period 1997-2001 on re­ gional or international basis are described briefly in the follow­ ing. 8 EDUCATION International Young Geotechnical Engineering Conference Education is a task of supreme importance which our Society is Southampton, UK, (September 8-13, 2000) taking care of through TC31. The scope of education should not In commemoration of the Millennium, the first YGEC on an be limited to the curriculum of university courses. Education is international scale was organised by the British Geotechnical grasped from broader perspectives. There are three facets of in­ Society in Southampton, UK under the aegis of ISSMGE. About centives prompting the needs of education. 70 selected young engineers took part and gained useful experi­ One is the upgrading of the technical level of engineers and ence by presenting talks of their own interest in three parallel proliferation of existing know-how and well-established tech­ sessions. Dr. S. Lacasse, Professor K Rowe, Professor R. Mair nology to as many engineers as possible worldwide. Engineers and President K. Ishihara presented lectures in the plenary ses­ working in practice are heavily involved in day-to-day work and sion. It was noted that the majority of the participants from tend to become devoid of knowledge concerning up-to-date Europe and Asia were PhD - oriented post graduate students but states of the art and practice. It is of considerable importance for those from the U.S. were young faculty members such as assis­ engineers living in an ever-changing society to keep abreast of tant professor. It was particularly meaningful in that young engi­ current states of development in the areas of their expertise. This neers from developing countries had an opportunity to leam is the reason why continuing education is necessary. Through geotechnical engineering together with those from developed short courses, seminars and workshops, it is possible to keep countries and also with internationally known senior experts. practising engineers at a level not behind the current state of the art, and efforts in this direction have been made by our Society European Young Geotechnical Engineers Conference by organising or sponsoring various kinds of conferences, sym­ (YGEC99) Santorini, Greece (September 22-26, 1999) posia, and seminars. The Conference was organised by the Hellenic Society as the The second issue worthy of notice is the gap in the level of 13th in its series with Professor A Anagnostoplous acting as an proliferation of geotechnical knowledge between developed and organiser. About 40 young engineers participated from 30 coun­ developing countries. Offering chances of learning to those en­ tries and made presentations on the subjects of their interest. Pro­ gineers in developing countries would be an obligation of inter­ fessor I. Burland was invited to deliver a lecture. As a result of national organisation such as ours. The ISSMGE is making ef­ vibrant discussions and convivial communication, they became forts in this direction. Installation of the Model Library and friends which will provide lasting benefit in their further activi­ Touring Lecture Programme is the attempt targeted to achieve ties. this goal. The third, and perhaps more important aspect of education, is 4th Asian Young Geotechnical Engineering Conference Seoul, the one targeted at the young generation coming into our profes­ Korea (May 21-23, 2001) sion. It is without saying that recruitment of competent young In the Asian Region, the Young Geotechnical Engineer’s engineers is always an obligation required for forerunners Conference has been held every three years since it was organ­ working in respective professions. In this context, our Society ized in 1991 in Bangkok. The second one was also held in Bang­ has been keen to promote a series of rejuvenation programmes kok in 1994 and Singapore was the host of the third YGEC in such as the Young Geotechnical Engineers Conferences (YGEC) 1997. The 4th YGEC was held on May 21-23, 2001 at Seoul which were held at various parts of the world. The International National University in Seoul. The theme of the conference was YGEC held in Southampton, UK, in September 2000 was a “Geotechnical Problems in Asia”. There were 40 delegates from highlight and a truly successful event The various YGECs held 10 different countries. Dr. S.W. Hong of Korean Institute o f during the period of 1997-2001 are also listed in Table 1. The Construction Technology, Professor F.H. Lee of University o f features of the YGEC organised on the regional scale are briefly Singapore, Professor I. Towhata of University of Tokyo and Pro­ described below. Unfortunately, there is no detailed information fessor I.M. Lee of Korea University delivered the special lec­ on the YGEC in Mexico and Spain available and apologies are tures. The attendees made presentations on various topics such given for the omission. Another effort is the installation of the as site investigation, ground improvement, ground excavation Young Members Award which is aimed at encouraging young and retaining structures. The Conference was fruitful in that vi­ engineers and researchers and to applaud the outcome of their ef­ brant discussions were made and intimate interaction established forts. amongst senior experts and newcomers from the young genera­ tion. 8.1 young Geotechnical Engineer's Conference 8.2 Touring Lecture Course The state of Young Geotechnical engineers Conference (YGEC) was surveyed by Professor Kim Sun Kyu, Vice-President of The Touring Lecture Course was planned by ISSMGE to help ISSMGE and reported to the Board Meeting in 1999 held in raise the morale and to proliferate the current state-of-the- Paris. According to this report, YGEC was conceived in Europe art/practice amongst geotechnical engineers involved in the de­ and implemented for the first time in 1987 in Copenhagen, sign and practice in developing counties. Denmark. Since then, the YGEC has been held every year in The first of this series was implemented at Lagos, Nigeria on Europe, changing the venue and topics of the conference each April 18-19, 2001 by the Nigerian Geotechnical Association un­ time. The YGEC has also been organised in Australasian, Asian der the aegis of ISSMGE and under the sponsorship o f Trevi and South American regions. The format common to all of these Foundations Ltd. guided by the President D. Trevisani. The title is to invite one to two young promising engineers or researchers of the Program was “Geotechnical Site Characterisation and Soil from each country. A total of 20-50 attendees get together in the Improvement”. President, K Ishihara, Ex-president, M.

2412 Jamiolkowski and Professor R. Holtz of University o f Washing­ As mentioned above, the array of the TC-sponsored confer­ ton were invited to give two lectures each on the subject relevant ences is known to have attracted more participants, in terms of to the general topics of the program. A series of lectures was also the number, than the periodically held large conferences. The given by Professor S. C. Teme of Rivers State University o f Sci­ state of affairs as above predispose us to the view that the activi­ ence and Technology, Nigeria and also by Mr. M. Cagna and ties of TCs constitute an element which is equally or more sub­ Mr. P. Fatokun of Trevi Foundations on topics of local interest. stantially important than the periodical conference series in the The Nigeria Touring Lecture Course was attended by 57 local running of our Society. engineers and met with great success, having vibrant discussions In view of the necessity of TCs activities to be exposed to as and exchange of views. The seminar was full of enthusiasm and many members as possible, it was decided to compile and post a excitement with the presence of Dr. A O. Madedor, the former bulletin of TCs at the home page of Internet. Somewhat detailed Vice-president of ISSMGE (1985-1989), and Dr. J. I. Folayan, account such as names of core members and terms of reference Chairman of the Nigerian Geotechnical Association. It is exhila­ is given at the web-site bulletin of the TCs during the term 1997- rating to recollect the feet that Lagos was the venue where 9th 2001. African Regional Conference was held in 1987 but activity in The TCs of our Society may be divided into two groups in geotechnical community has been stagnant in recent years be­ accordance with their nature as to whether they deal with widely cause of difficult socio-economic conditions. It is anticipated ranging long-term problems or short-term issues of limited scope that the Touring Lecture has exerted a profound impact for re­ but of urgent importance. To cite a few examples, TC5 on Envi­ suscitating the Nigerian Geotechnical Association. ronmental Geotechnics, TC-11 on Landslides and TC-17 on During the Lecture Program, a small ceremony was per­ Ground Improvement etc. would be typical of those associated formed to present the Model Libraxy of ISSMGE to the Depart­ with the long-term issues of vital importance in our Society. ment of Civil Engineering, University of Lagos, Nigeria. However, each TC has its own background and therefore is dif­ ferent in scale and in scope. Each of the TC had been formed based on naturally emerging wishes of highly spirited individu­ 8.3 Short Courses and Seminars als and in this vein a bottom-up incentive of volunteering mem­ Short courses have been conducted by initiatives of TCs on bers. Thus, it would be difficult to exert any level of control over many occasions mainly taking advantage of conferences and the running of TCs, although some common guidelines may be symposia. These are offered by internationally known experts loosely applied. generally on the day preceding the a conference and attracting The procedure for setting up a Technical Committee has 20-100 participants consisting of local and young engineers. This been, first of all, to form a group of individuals sharing the same kind of attempt has a significant impact on local engineers for interest at some particular topics. Once the opinions are crystal­ whom it is generally difficult to learn knowledge o f geotechnics lised, the core-forming persons need to talk to the chairman of from direct contact with international experts. These courses respective National Society to which they belong and to obtain generally focus on subjects of practical significance and the par­ an approval for the society to support the new TC. Then, the ticipants can bring home the information and apply it in their proposal would be filed officially with the President and Secre­ work. tary General of the ISSMGE. During the term of my presidency, approval has been afforded to five new TCs, that is, TC32 on Risk Assessment and Management TC33 on Scour of Founda­ 9 TECHNICAL COMMITTEES tions, TC34 on Deformation of Earth Materials, TC35 on Micro- Geomechanics and TC36 on Soft Soil Foundation Engineering. The origin of the Technical Committee may be traced back to the While there are very active and well-organised TCs, several 3rd ICSMGE in 1957 in London. With the initiatives of Dr. Kal- of TCs have not been so active. However, they recognise them­ stenius of Sweden and Professor M. Fukuoka, Japan, a commit­ selves the importance of these TCs and have taken advantage of tee was formed then to discuss issues of soil sampling and its every opportunity to meet and discuss terms of reference. Some activities were continued for some years. of them organised international workshops. Still other TCs ap­ Faced with rapidly evolving new concepts and technologies, peared to require some spell of recess during the present term there have been opinions mushrooming amongst members of 1997 - 2001 as they had organised a big event in the previous ISSMGE for having forums which are more frequently organised term. It is to be noted that there are subject matters in ISSMGE and tailored for discussion and exchange of information. This which always require a standing committee for continuing dis­ demand resulted in establishment of a series of Technical Com­ cussion even though there is no urgent incentive for holding an mittees (TCs) within the ISSMGE with relevant topics of special international gathering. These TCs should be maintained in the and contemporary interest Beginning around 1981 at the time of long run. In any event, the impact of TCs on the overall devel­ the 10th ICSMGE in Stockholm, several TCs have been created opment of our discipline will become increasingly important and and activated based on the wishes of many volunteering mem­ this fact needs to be duly taken into consideration in the opera­ bers. TC11 on landslides is an example of those established in tion of our Society in the future. the early period. The number of TCs has gradually increased since then with increased number of members participating in Table 2. The names and the Chairperson of TCs (1997-2001) them. Exchange of views and communication can be achieved more intimately and in closer-knit atmosphere on more narrowly TC name Country Chairman focussed subject matters of mutual interest. In this way, activities TC-1 Instrumentation for Geotechnical Turkey T. Durgunoglu Monitoring of TCs are flourishing today with the result that as many as 700 TC-2 Centrifuge Testing Canada R. Phillips members of our Society are involved. TC-4 Earthquake Geotechnical Engi­ Canada L. Finn There are 32 TCs now in operation as shown in Table 2. Out neering of these, 20 TCs organised international conferences and sympo­ TC-5 Environmental Geotechnics Germany R. Katzenbach sia during the last 4 years on the subject matters which are spe­ TC-6 Unsaturated Soils Canada D. Fredlund cific to the areas of their concern. The international gatherings TC-7 Tailing Dams Chile J.H. Troncoso operated under the aegis of TCs are shown in Table 3. The small TC-8 Frost Finland Saarelainen to medium scale gatherings as above have been informative and TC-9 Geosynthetics and Earth Rein­ Japan H. Ochiai set high standards in the communication, producing significant forcement Sweden R. Massarsch impact on the state-of-the-art in respective areas and hence for TC-10 Geophysical Site Characteriza­ tion overall development of ISSMGE. TC-11 Landslides Canada J. Local

2413 TC-12 Validation of Computer Simula­ Australia J. Carter 2nd International Conference on Earthquake Geotechnical tion Engineering June 21-25, 1999, Lisbon, Portugal TC-14 Oflshore Geotechnical Engi­ Norway S. Lacasse (TC-4 Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering) neering International Symposium on Slope stability Engineering (IS- TC-15 Peat and Organic Soils Nether­ R.J. Termaat lands Shikoku ’99) November 8-11, 1999, Matsuyama, Japan TC-16 Ground Property Characteriza­ Canada P.K. Robertson (TC-11 Landslides) tion from In-situ Testing 2nd International Symposium on Pre-failure Deformation TC-17 Ground Improvement USA I. Juran Characteristics of Geomaterials, (IS-Torino ’99) September TC-18 Pile Foundations Belgium W. Van Impe 27 - 29, 1999, Torino, Italy TC-19 Preservation of Historic Sites Italy C. Viggiani (TC-29 Strain-Strain Testing of Geomaterials in the Labora- TC-20 Professional Practice India V.V.S. Rao toiy) TC-22 Indurated Soils and Soft Rocks France J.L. Durville International Conference on OfTshore and Nearshore Geo­ TC-23 Limit State Design Geotechnical South Af­ P. Day technical Engineering December 2 -3 , 1999, Munbai, India Engineering rica TC-24 Soil Sampling, Evaluation and UK D. Hight (TC-14 Offshore Geotechnical Engineering) Interpretation TC-25 Tropical and Residual Soils Brazil P.T. Cruz 2000 TC-26 Calcareous Sediments Australia R. Jewell Asian Conference on Unsaturated Soils (UNSAT-ASIA 2000) TC-28 Underground Construction In UK R. Mair May 18-20, 2000, Singapore Soft Ground (TC-6 Unsaturated Soils) TC-29 Stress-Strain Testing of Geoma­ Japan F. Tatsuoka 1st International Conference on Geotechnical Engineering, terials in the Laboratory Education and Training June 12-14, 2000, Sinaia, Romania TC-30 Coastal Geotechnical Engineer­ Japan A Nakase (TC-31 Education in Geotechnical Engineering) ing 8th International Symposium on Landslides June 26-30, TC-31 Education in Geotechnical Engi­ France J.P. Magnan neering 2000, Cardiff, UK TC-32 Risk Assessment and Manage­ USA E. VanMarcke (TC-11 Landslides) ment International Symposium on Ground Freezing and Frost Ac­ TC-33 Scour of Foundations USA J.L. Briaud tion in Soils September 11-13, 2000, Louvain-la-Neuve, Bel­ TC-34 Deformation of Earth Materials Greece J.I.G. Vadou- gium) lakis (TC-8 Frost) TC-35 Micro-Geomechanics UK M. Bolton International Symposium on Costal Geotechnical Engineer­ G. Auvinet TC-36 Soft Soils Foundation Engineer­ Mexico ing in Practice September 20-22, 2000, Yokohama, Japan ing (TC-30 Coastal Geotechnical Engineering) International Symposium on Score of Foundations November 9, 2000, Melbourne, Australia Table 3. Conferences and Symposia organized by TCs in the pe­ (TC-3 3 Scour of Foundations) riod 1997-2001 1st Panamerican Conference on the Process of Teaching- Learning Geotechnical Engineering November, 2000, Oaxaca, 1998 Mexico 1st International Conference on Site Characterization April (TC-31 Education in Geotechnical Engineering) 19-23, 1998, Atlanta, U.S.A. (TC-10 Geophysical Site Characterization) 2001 (TC-16 Ground Property Characterization from In-situ Test­ The International Conference on In-situ Measurement of ing) Soil Properties and Case Histories May 21-23, 2001 Bali, In­ (TC-24 Soil sampling, Evaluation and Interpretation) donesia 2nd International Conference on Unsaturated Soils August (TC-16 Ground Property Characterization from In-situ Test­ 27-30, 1998, Beijing, China ing) (TC-6 Unsaturated Soils) 3rd International Congress on Environmental Geotechnics September 7-11, 1998, Lisbon, Portugal 10 GEOTECHNICAL HERITAGE MUSEUM (TC-5 Environmental Geotechnics) (TC-7 Tailing Dams) In the Board Meeting in Santiago, Chile, in October 1996, a pro­ International Conference on Centrifuge Testing September posal was made to establish the Heritage Museum where many 23-25,1998, Tokyo, Japan pieces of suitable equipment, artefacts, documents, photographs (TC-2 Centrifilge Testing) etc. are collected, housed and displayed, providing easy access to 2nd International Conference on Geotechnical Engineering the members of the ISSMGE who wished to view and study of Hard Soils and Soft Rocks October 12-14, 1998, Napoli, It­ these articles. Later on, Professor W. Van Impe made a report to aly the Board describing the possible framework and operation of (TC-22 Indurated Soils and Soft Rocks) the Museum. International Symposium on Problematic Soils October 28- During the term 1997-2001, three proposals were submitted 30, 1998, Sendai, Japan to establish the Geotechnical Heritage Museum. In the early (TC-15 Peat and Organic Soils) planning stage, it was conceived desirable to establish one inte­ grated museum at one place, but as investigations went on, it was 1999 discovered that it would be very difficult to bring together heri­ 2nd International Conference on Calcareous Sediments Feb­ tage articles or properties to one designated museum, because ruary 21-24,1999, Bahrain organisations or individuals in possession of the heritage articles (TC-26 Calcareous Sediments) may not wish to donate them. International Symposium on Geotechnical Aspects of Under­ It was then decided to establish multiple heritage museums ground Construction in Soft Ground July 19-21,1999, Tokyo, with their own flair and characteristics, under the patronage of Japan the ISSMGE based on the proposal from member societies (TC-28 Underground Construction in Soft Ground) wishing to do so. Three proposals were submitted, and as a con­ sequence of careful review by the Board, the Heritage Museums

2414 at Munich and Vienna were endorsed by the President and the finding it difficult to send delegates to the mid-term Council establishment is now in progress by the efforts of German Geo­ Meeting, because of the long travelling distances involved. Thus, technical Society and Austrian Geotechnical Society, respec­ if it is held often in Europe, this may tend to distort equal repre­ tively. sentation of opinions from the 6 regions. In order to make the current situation more visible, some sta­ Henna Heritage Museum tistics were studied in regional terms such as the number of votes The Heritage Museum is housed at the Department of Civil En­ and number of members as shown in the second and third col­ gineering, Technical University of Vienna. The TUV is located umns of Table 4. The amount of subscriptions per year is also conveniently in the centre of Vienna and accessible by anybody indicated in the fourth column of Table 4. On the basis o f these wishing to visit the museum. region-based data, the percentage of vote, percentage o f mem­ There are many pieces of laboratory equipment and devices bership and percentage of fee contribution were calculated for that have been used from the era of Terzaghi, A. Casagrande, each region and shown in the last three columns in Table 4. It and Fröhlich. The original assemblages were destroyed during may be seen that there is a reasonable degree of balance between the Second World War but reconstructed to the original form. the percentage of membership and that of fee contribution for all Several pieces of oedometer test apparatus were set up by col­ of the 6 regions. Thus, the percentage of the membership may lecting old timbers for loading frames based on the original de­ have the bearings analogous to that of the fee contribution. How­ sign sketches by Terzaghi. These apparatus are still being used ever, with respect to the voting right against the fee contribution, today and the laboratory retains the atmosphere of what it ap­ there is a significant disparity for the North American region, pears to have been in the early period of soil mechanics devel­ whereas the European region keeps reasonably good party. It is opment. also observed that there are relatively large percentages of voting Old documents and reports by Terzaghi, A and L. Ca­ rights for the African and South American regions as compared sagrande and FrOhlich have been collected from their old clients. to their percentages in the fee contribution. It is to be noted that The original manuscripts of several books such as “Theory o f the above statistics is taken in terms of the region. It is also pos­ Settlement of Clays” by Terzaghi and Fröhlich were discovered sible to compile similar statistics in term of the member country. and these would be on display. There are many pieces o f memo­ The results of such studies indicated, however, that there is so rabilia left reflecting motives of the forerunners for developing much unbalance amongst 73 member societies that it is difficult soil mechanics and ground engineering. For example, a philatelic to make a clear-cut observation. exhibit will be installed with the Terzaghi stamp. With the above One of the methods to alleviate this discrepancy could be to items on exhibit, a Heritage Museum in Vienna will be able to introduce a tiered voting system in which 3 votes are allocated, provide insight into the roots of soil mechanics, highlighting the for example, for the large member societies consisting of more pioneering work by our predecessors. than 500 members, 2 votes given to the medium-sized societies having the members between 200 and 500, and a single vote al­ Munich Heritage Museum located to small societies with members less than 200. The three- This will be installed in the Deutsche Museum in the city of Mu­ tiered voting approach as above was applied to each o f the 73 nich, Germany. Well known as the museum of science and tech­ member societies and the results of such an analysis are shown nology, it has a large floor space in large buildings which are lo­ in Table 5 in terms of the region. It may be seen that, while the cated in the center of the city, providing easy access to the unbalance is alleviated to some extent as compared to the one­ public. The Deutsche Museum is considering to implement a tiered system of Table 4, there still exists a significant disparity section related with earth science and technology. Planning of for the North American Region between the percentage o f voting this new section will be performed in cooperation with ISSMGE right and that of the fee contribution. Thus, it may be mentioned with an aim to housing the Heritage Museum. This park is envi­ that, no matter how drastically the voting right may be tiered, the sioned to exhibit articles related with geology, geotechnology, end results do not relieve the unbalance significantly. environmental technology plus various kinds of civil engineering There are also opinions to the effect that the equal voting construction works. right has been instrumental in creating a sense of equal partici­ pation for all member societies and also a sentiment of encour­ agement in support of small member societies, and it is consid­ 11 VOTE ENTITLEMENT ered desirable to maintain this tradition. In the light of the observations as above, skepticism arises In the previous Board in 1993-1997, an issue was raised regard­ whether it is indeed necessary to introduce the weighted voting ing the current voting system of one vote per member society system at the sacrifice of creating some unavoidable undercur­ which results in inequity in reflecting opinions of member socie­ rents of negligence and disfranchisement amongst many small ties. A considerable time was spent in Board Meetings discuss­ member societies in ISSMGE. ing this problem from different angles. It was a general view of the present Board that the basis for It was noted in the current system that there is a wide varia­ setting subscription fees for the ISSMGE may not be sound and tion in the number of individual members through the 73 mem­ that now is the time to re-examine its structure. In fact, the fee ber societies and also there is a significant variation in the num­ structure has long remained unchanged ever since the formula ber of member societies through the 6 regions. The main points was established by the Board in the period of 1973-1977. It at which voting may have some influence would be: would be necessary to revisit this and re-examine the voting system from a more general and all-encompassing point of view. 1. Election of President It is hoped that the next Board considers this complex and deli­ 2. Selection of the venue of the ICSMGE cate problem from an overall point of view and take appropriate 3. Selection of the venue of the Council Meeting at the action, as judged necessary. mid-term Regional CSMGE 4. Approval of the budget 5. Changes in Statues and By-laws 12 PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE

It appears likely that the most significant influence would be on Professional practice has great importance for the mutual benefit the selection of the venue of the mid-term Council Meetings. In of each member of our Society in the sense that, in spite of no fact, over the last 25 years, the mid-term Council Meetings has power as individuals, the opinions accumulated and crystallized been held 5 times in Europe, once in Cairo and once Oaxaca in in ISSMGE could have great power and exert significant impact Mexico. There has been a tendency of some member societies

2415 Table 4: Present situation sional engineers is vastly different depending upon country and Votes Percent­ Percent­ region, there should be some forum in our Society where geo­ Member- Sub­ Percent­ from age age fée technical engineers can exchange views and discuss issues of Region ship (Oct scriptions age Member Member­ contribu­ mutual concern. Unfortunately, activities in this regard are not 2000) (CHE) Votes. Societies ship tion yet full-fledged. It is hoped that issues of the professional prac­ Africa 10 581 7,827 13.7 3.7 4.3 tice will continue to be the subject of considerable discussion in Asia 15 2,436 29,165 20.5 15.6 16.1 our Society. Austra­ lasia 2 918 9,603 2.7 5.9 5.3 Europe 33 7,159 92,262 45.2 45.8 50.9 13 FUTURE PERSPECTIVES North America 3 3,411 28,461 4.1 21.8 15.7 There would be various points of views regarding where our pro­ South fession will or should go and what features would exist in our America 10 1,121 13,825 13.7 7.2 7.6 profession in the future. The following are my own views at the Totals 73 15,626 181,143 100 100 100 present.

13.1 REFURBISHMENT OF INFRASTRUCTURE Table 5: Tier system Example - Member Societies with more than 500 members have 3 votes, a) Over the last decades, there has been the gradual movement Member Societies having less than 500 but more than 200 members get 2 of inhabitants from rural to urban areas, forming many mega votes, and Member Societies with less than 200 members have 1 vote. cities over the world. This trend has created numerous prob­ Votes Percent­ Percent­ Member- Sub­ Percent­ lems such as traffic congestion, housing, lifelines and expo­ from age age fee Region ship (Oct scriptions age sure to natural hazards by earthquakes and flooding. Member Member­ contribu­ 2000) (CHF) Votes. Societies ship tion b) Many of the modem cities have been established in the pres­ Africa 11 581 7,827 10.7 3.7 4.3 ent form since the end of the Second World War, 1945. In­ Asia 19 2,436 29,165 18.4 15.6 16.1 frastructure such as highways, railways, waterways, har­ Austra­ bours, subways and so forth were constructed thereafter and lasia 5 918 9,603 4.9 5.9 5.3 have long been in service since then over the last decades. Europe 49 7,159 92,262 47.6 45.8 50.9 When these facilities were built, the designs had a target North service life at 50 to 100 years. Beginning in the 21st century, America 7 3,411 28,461 6.8 21.8 15.7 the expected life span will expire for many of these existing South infrastructures and facilities. America 12 1,121 13,825 11.7 7.2 7.6 Totals 103 15,626 181,143 100 100 100 c) Thus, engineers will be faced with many challenges. First of all, we need to have some new techniques to diagnose cur­ rent levels of soundness or health for the existing structures. on the business communities in which they work. Those in­ We are requested to identify whether their life span can be volved in geotechnical engineering practice such as consultants prolonged or if they are to be demolished and replaced. If and contractors may need to have forums for discussion and ex­ prolonged, how long can they be used? Thus, there would be change of views regarding their professional status and social a high potential to develop what may be called “Geotechni­ recognition as geotechnical engineers. Environments in which cal Diagnosis Engineering” for quality evaluation o f existing engineers are working are different depending upon the region bridges, highways, storage tanks, dams and so forth. and country. Some efforts need to be made to open dialogues amongst engineers with different backgrounds from various re­ d) In mega-cities, underground geo-facilities such as building gions of the world and to come up with some consensus regard­ foundations, subways and lifelines have not been designed ing the status of geotechnical engineers. There are some state­ from overall point of views in an orderly manner. The net­ ments which cannot be made effectively by individuals but can work is three-dimensional and complexly knit. Thus, new in­ be made much more strongly if associated with the name o f the stallation of geo-facilities often comes up against obstacles 1SSMGE. A compilation of a code of ethics, client awareness, or tends to create varying level of injury to existing under­ role of geotechnical consultants, and responsibility, liability and ground structures. The high-levertechnique for evaluating insurance issues are examples of business which could be and avoiding its deleterious effects should be explored. worked out in our Society. The impact of geotechnical engineering works on society as a whole has become increasingly important and dominant than 13.2 ENVIRONMENTAL GEOTECHNICS ever before. Geotechnical engineers are expected to play a key There have been many discussions on the environmental issues role in keeping local residents safe from natural disasters and in geotechnics in the meeting of TC-5 of ISSMGE. The prob­ environmental hazards. To this end, efforts should be made to lems of geotechnical concern are summarised as follows. keep policy makers, administrators, land planners and residents aware of the importance of environmental protection and meth­ a) Seepage control and stability of landfills. Protection of ods to mitigate natural hazards. It will be necessary for our Soci­ leachate from massive landfills requires a careful design of ety to take advantage of every opportunity to put out a kind of barriers, liners, or diaphragm walls. Stability of landfills declaration or proposition on some specific issues of social im­ themselves also poses serious problems. portance. This is a public manifestation of our opinion and atti­ tude reflecting our responsibility as geotechnical engineers. b) Remediation of polluted lands and abandoned landfills There is the TC20 chaired by Dr. V.S.S. Rao in which several would be problems of common concern for the reuse of the non-technical issues such as code of practice, litigation, cross­ contaminated land space. national consultancy and ISO are taken up as the subjects of dis­ cussion. It is recognized important that successful multi-national c) Re-use of by-products from construction sites and municipal cooperation and partnership on international projects are vital to waste would create new challenges to the geotechnology. the well-being of the profession. Although the status of profes­

2416 d) In the region where mining industry is prevalent, disposal of b) Irrigation of water created an unbalance of underground and the mine waste has been a serious concern in relation to the created lasting shortage of water supply. Thus, the area of stability of dikes or embankments retaining liquid-like desert has recently expanded. In the region in Bangladesh and slurry. east of India, scouring in the river course is the problem of premier importance. The geotechnical engineers are faced with scour-induced slides and implementations of protective 13.3 NATURAL GEOHAZARDS measures are greatly in demand. Natural hazards such as earthquakes, flooding and landslides are said to have claimed more than one million casualties in the last d) In some of the countries in Southeast Asian Region, harm by decade of the 20th century. arsenic is posing problems of serious concern. Identification of arsenic-free soil layers and new techniques to pump up a) Site-specific characterisation of the ground motion during water therefrom will be a challenge to the geotechnical pro­ earthquakes and occurrence of liquefaction and massive fession. movement of the ground poses major challenges for geo­ technical profession. 13.7 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN MULTI­ DISCIPLINARY AREAS b) Earthquake-induced landslides are another problem o f seri­ ous concern in recent years. Since the damage is incurred It is widely recognised that collaboration with experts in the ar­ very suddenly in wide-spread areas, it is necessary to provide eas of engineering geology, geophysics, hydrology and geo­ the zonation map where different levels of anticipated haz­ chemistry would be necessary to widen scope of our discipline ards are indicated. and to enhance overall activities of our society. The required breadth in our approach to problem-finding and problem-solving c) The damage of geotechnical concern due to heavy rainfall is would be vastly necessitated in exploring new horizons and to the landslide. In some cases, it turned into a debris flow trav­ establish new areas of expertise. To this end, it is essential that elling several kilometres downstream, causing catastrophic the sister disciplines of Soil Mechanics, Rock mechanics and destruction to properties and human lives. The distress en­ Engineering Geology develop increasing linkage of collabora­ countered in the Caribbean coast in Venezuela in December tion so that full potential can be extracted and materialised in the 1999 is a typical example of such an awful disaster. The practice of geotechnical engineering. In this context, the Interna­ challenges to geotechnical engineers would be to identify the tional Conference on Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, conditions under which the landslide is triggered, and then to GeoEng2000 to be held in Melbourne, Australia in the year of clarify how it is transformed into debris flow. We are chal­ 2000 was a milestone event from where mood is expected to lenged to develop methodologies for prognosis and warning emerge for future collaboration amongst the three Sister Socie­ systems for mitigating the catastrophic disaster caused by ties. flood-induced debris flow.

14 EPILOGUE 13.4 MARINE GEOTECHNOLOGY With increased interest in resource development in marine envi­ The ISSMGE has been in the vanguard of geotechnical activities ronment, the geotechnical engineering in the seabed deposits will since it was founded after the First ICSMGE in 1936. It is more have a great potential to grow in the future. The discipline of ma­ than a learned society. It is a community of geotechnical engi­ rine geotechnology appears to be emerging as contrasted to the neers harbouring facts and legends and exploring the future. I terrestrial geotechnology. It is known that the underwater land­ wish this inherited leadership up to date will continue in the gen­ slides tend to turn into huge flow slides with a great run-out dis­ erations to come. I also wish that everybody carries this belief tance. The soil-structure interaction would pose new problems and tries to uphold and advance the values of our Society. which are different from those in the terrestrial conditions. Fur­ thermore, site characterisation in the seabed deposits will require new concepts and techniques

13.5 PROBLEMATIC SOILS There are a variety of soil materials that are deposited over the surface of the earth. While the constitutive deformation laws have been well-advanced for clay and sand, there are numerous soil types for which focussed studies have not been made. These may include highly compressive or mildly compressive old clay, collapsible soils and expansive soils.

13.6 NEW PROBLEMS IN DEVELOPING REGIONS Outside many cities, there were vast expanses of land or terrain which are barren and left untouched. In the arid or semi-arid re­ gions, waves of cultivation and civilisation have been recently underway. There are many problems of geotechnical signifi­ cance. a) In the Central Asian Region, collapsible soil deposits have undergone wetting over the years due to domestic and in­ dustrial water usage, and put the soils into unstable state sus­ ceptive to settlements and flow failure.

2417 Closing Remarks E.Togrol - Chairman, Organising Committee

It was a great pleasure and honour for me and for my colleagues It is my hope, and that of the Organising Committee, that this in the Organising Committee to welcome you all in Istanbul XV th International Conference on Soil Mechnics and during the last week. Geotechnical Engineering has provided all of us with a renewed 956 participants and 187 accompanying persons from 78 vigour for the necessity of dedication and knowledge in our countries attended the Conference. Satellite Conferences field. attracted 279 engineers and researchers. In comparison with A conference of this size is, of course, the product o f many some of the previous conferences, XVth Conference has people’s work and engagement. Turkish National Society has attracted many new comers to our conferences, thus secured a entrusted the Organisation to four of us: Professor Ahmet safer future for ISSMGE. Saglamer, Kemal Oztldogru, GOkhan Baykal, and myself. In Almost a century has passed since the establishment o f soil those six years of preparation we worked in great harmony. mechanics as a scientific discipline. Many of the great masters, Anchors of the organisation were Miss Sebahat Gdk, Miss Ash we so much admired, have all passed away. We now have a Kurtulu$ and Dr. Oguz Tan. They have been our efficient young, enquiring and dynamic generation of engineers helpers in organising all details required. Also our colleagues in everywhere. There are great advances in laboratory techniques Istanbul Technical University, Bogazifi University, Istanbul and field measurements. Even the terminology we use has been University, Yildiz Technical University, and Middle East greatly changed. We now talk about ‘soil property Technical University must be mentioned for their cooperation characterisation’ instead of determining physical properties of and help in organising the Conference. soils”, and ‘geomaterials’ instead o f‘soils’. I should like to extend our deep felt thanks and appreciation But we see that, the basic requirements to become a good to all persons-at-the-stage who served in various capacities soils engineers have not changed despite the challenges inherent during the Conference, have contributed greatly towards its in the advances of science and technology. I would like to share success, without their expert help this Conference could not a quote from Terzaghi which aptly defines our professional have been possible. identity and social role. “To acquire competence in the field of I would like to express our thanks to IKON, our professional earthwork engineering one must live with the soil. One must conference organisers for their expertise and cooperation. love it, and observe its performance not only in the laboratory I would also like to express our gratitude to all our sponsors but also in the field, to become familiar with those o f its for their support to our budged. manifold properties which are not disclosed by boring records Finally, I would like to all of you for your interest in and laboratory tests...I also realized, in the course o f the years, attending all arrangements, for your patience when something that the knowledge accumulated in a human brain has no did not work as planned, and besides all for the cordial practical value unless its owner has the moral courage to use it as atmosphere you have created throughout the conference week. a basis for decisions.”

2421 On behalf of the Accompanying Persons Maria F.de Mello - Brazil

Mr. Chairman, distinguished members of the podium, ladies and What is there for all of us humans to weave? gentlemen, The luminosity of the colourful glazes, the richness and It is an honor for me to speak on behalf of those o f us who are abundance of food and the delight in it... visiting. I can only express our thanks to the organizing What sights, what shared savours will satisfy human needs committee, in words that could never be sufficient, for offering and desires? us a lovely program that so perfectly reflected the human We learned from our fellow conference participants that this qualities that all of us found here. We also express our deep is the birthplace of soil engineering. Ingenious engineering is thanks to the staff that attended to our every wish and need with the great challenge for all of you: to lay the foundations o f the affection. material quality of life for individuals and for society. However, In Turkey, the cradle and crossroads of civilizations, with all the challenge and adventure is much greater than that - for you its cycles of construction and inevitable destruction, we found and for all of us together, for all conscious human beings. extremely revealing traces of beauty, of greatness, and of the ups In the past, demands were less. The time of Leonardo da and downs of human endeavor. We must learn from the past. Vinci and Pico della Mirandola has passed. The speed of The myriad forms of the sacred left traces here and its presence instantaneous means of communications has flooded us with still resonates. information, shortened time, and erased space, but it is left for Permit me to share some of the most meaningful personal each of us to contribute to human relations so that they are impressions of Istanbul and other parts of Turkey, of the borders permeated by sound interaction, by knowledge and wisdom, and of the Aegean and Mediterranean seas, and of Konya and by respectful exchange. Capadoccia. Here is what has been imprinted in our bodies, This well-chosen venue has proved to be an inspiring oasis minds, hearts and spirits: for transdisciplinary reflection, transdisciplinary in the sense of The silence reverberating in the music of the ney and in the what goes between, through and beyond individual disciplines words of Turkish poetry, the call to prayer from the minarets ... and endeavors. A dialogue between science, tradition (in the What prayer can we all pray? sense of spiritual tradition), and the arts is fundamental for this The fragrance of figs, pine, roses, jasmine... reflection to flourish, and for us to reap its fruits and ever What lightness of air do we all crave to breathe? renewing seeds. The beauty created from the patience and respect for Farewell! Au revoir! Hasta la vista! Auf Wiedersehen! traditional wisdom shown by tying in minute spaces so many Ho?<;a kal! perfect knots in a symphony of colors and shapes...

2423 Closing and Farewell Address K.lshihara — Tokyo Science University, Japan

Mr. Chairman, dear colleagues and guests. Samuel Amar Appointed Board Member Mike Duncan Appointed Board Member We have come to the end of the 15th ICSMGE and it has been a Robert Mair Appointed Board Member memorable week. We will remember for a long time to come many memorable events such as the Terzaghi oration by Profes­ Now comes my last formal duty. On my side I have the newly sor M. Jamiolkowski, the heritage lecture on the History of Soil elected President, Professor William Van Impe. We offer him Mechanics in Turkey by Professor E. Togrol, and the invited our heartiest congratulations and wish him wellbeing and pros­ lecture by Professor Schofield. We have all enjoyed listening to perity for the task ahead for the period of 2001-2005. All of you the outstanding theme lectures delivered by well-known experts know very well his great contribution to our profession, his in our profession. We have enjoyed the presentations o f the warm personality and his enthusiasm to our Society. He has Momentous Projects and Perspective Lectures which were im­ acted as an outstanding Vice-President for Europe in the period pressive and instructive. I believe all of you also enjoyed the 1994-1997. Technical Sessions, Workshops, Posters, Technical visits and I would like to hand over this symbol of office, a silver­ other events in the Conference. I am indeed thankful to all of headed gavel. It was donated to ISSMFE by Laurits Bjemim in these persons who have contributed so much of their time and ef­ 1961 at the Paris Conference. It is made o f wood from one o f the forts to make this conference very successful. On behalf of the timber piles supporting the 11th century Santa Maria Church in ISSMGE and all participants in this Conference, I would like to Scandinavia. extend my sincere gratitude and appreciation for the enormous Dear Professor Van Impe, I now have the pleasure of handing work by the Organising Committee represented by Professor E. over to you this Presidential gavel, the symbol of the Presidency. Togrol. We also thank very much our Turkish colleagues for the I wish your term of office brings good luck and further ad­ hospitality and warmth for making this Conference so useful, vancement of our Society under your leadership. rewarding, and enjoyable. It has been a very rewarding but challenging four years to me as President of ISSMGE. This has been the turn of the century and there have been many important undertakings that took place in our Society. Also we experienced a period of drastic changes in society in general, including politics, economics, our way of life, in ways of business and therefore in the manner the Society is to be operated. We encountered the era of IT-revolution, ur­ banisation, and degrading global environment. Under these situations, we are faced, more than ever before, with many chal­ lenges of geotechnical importance. We should fulfil the respon­ sibility assigned to us. We now have a well-organised firmly established society. We have new binding friendships and partnership. In a spirit of global co-operation we can all make our contributions to the resolution of the problems we will face in the future. I think all of you agree that our Society is sound and vigor­ ous. I sincerely wish all of you to continue your active and crea­ tive participation in our Society, to succeed as well in the future as we have achieved in the past. This closing session marks the transfer of office. My immedi­ ate duty is to thank the Board members and I am happy to hand over to each of them as an appreciation of the Society a scroll. It has been a period of much hard work. I appreciate very much their enthusiasm and untiring support:

Houssine Ejjaaouani Vice-President, Africa Sang-Kyu Kim Vice-President, Asia Mark Randolph Vice-President, Australasia Heinz Brandi Vice-President, Europe Guillermo Springall Vice-President, North America Francis Bogossian Vice-President, South America Mike Jamiolkowski Past President

2425 Address by the Incoming President W.F.Van Impe - Ghent University, Belgium

Mr Past President, Mr Secretary General, dear Professor Togrol, the coming days. A strict and critical analysis of its capabilities dear family, friends and colleagues, it is, as you are certainly to serve ISSMGE is the main duty of this task force. aware, a kind of an emotional couple of minutes for me, to be here on the stage, taking up the challenge of handling this gavel ISSMGE subscription fees' structure in the coming four years, handling it with care, with diplomacy The former ISSMGE fee- per- head structure should be seriously and with respect for the many type and forms of equilibrium we, reviewed and a well adapted and balanced proposal should come in a prestigious learned society as ours, always preciously took up in the board meeting of Prague. care of. I feel very grateful to all incoming board members for having As I could experience this week chatting to many of you, it accepted this formidable duty implemented in this framework will be a major but challenging task to try and guide this vast with its ambitious goals, and for their willingness to take up, group of geotechnical experts, but I will do the best I can to each of them, some of those very difficult tasks. serve all of you for the benefit of our ISSMGE. Permettez - moi également à remercier de tout coeur mes In our very first - the ad hoc - board meeting of the incoming amis francophones, pour l'appui qu'ils ont toujours offert à notre group on Wednesday afternoon, we already set out the major Société internationale en générale et à toutes ces activités plus goals we are aiming at, in a kind of priority list as shown below: particulièrement. C'est à cet endroit merveilleux du Bosphorus peut-être l'op­ portunité idéale de se rappeler du rôle majeure de nos collègues Priorities - Related Task Forces of the ISSMGE Board 2001 - 2005 géotechniciens francophones dans l'émergence de notre science et de 1' art de notre profession, avec des noms comme Coulomb , Educational matters de collin etc.., des noms et surtout des mérites cités encore, ...including Touring lecture programme / model library / interac­ comme vous vous rappelez sans doute, par notre grand exemple tion with the Technical Committee on education. Sir Alec Skempton dans sa conférence de jubilé de notre Société à San Francisco, il y a une quinzaine d'années. Role and format of future ISSMGE conferences Pour la petite histoire, ayant tous évoqué ici cette semaine la The number and type of ISSMGE conferences, including the im­ mémoire de Karl Terzaghi ( même avec un clin d'oeil comme plementation of the technical committees in the technical pro­ dans la merveilleuse conférence de notre ami Andrew Schofield gramme, the way of setting up discussion sessions and real floor hier) il est quand-même approprié de se rappeler que son ensei­ discussions, and the editing format of the proceedings and post­ gnement ici se faisait en Français. conference volumes. II y existe donc, entre nous et dans cette Société de Mé­ canique des sols, une historique tellement riche et perma­ Professional practice and ISSMGE P.R. committee nente... tant de coopération, que de transfer d'expertise et d'ensei­ Our professional practice has to be discussed in the view of the gnement, que le respect pour les deux langues traditionelles à framework we are supposed to function in reality: our bounda­ mon avis est d'une évidence incontournable. ries of responsibility, our ethical and legal environment etc... And I just want to come to an end, in my incoming address to The ISSMGE P.R. committee has mainly to try and involve you, by expressing first of all, (I believe certainly in the name of our society in global problems of very first priority such as fresh all of us), my appreciation to the Past - President Professor Kenji water supply and available energy limits, often left to only policy Ishihara, for his serving as President over the past 4 years, by making non-technical leading groups. We should deliver to them handing over this scroll for great merits to our Society. the message of at least partially being capable of handling some Moreover I may again thank explicitly, my eminent incoming of those immense challenging problems. board member group: Mr Peter Day, Vice-President for Africa ISSMGE Industrial liaison Prof. Pedro Sêco e Pinto, Vice-President for Europe ... contacts with consulting and contractor offices, through an Prof. Juan Bosio, Vice President for South America appointed Ambassador of ISSMGE in each of the continents; Prof. Richard Woods, Vice-President for North America aiming at actively involving them in sharing our decision making Prof. Fumio Tatsuoka, Vice-President for Asia groups for setting up relevant discussion topics and technical Mr Grant Murray, Vice President for Australasia committees; for the interactive exchange of information and technological developments and for setting up among us internet And the appointed members to this Board: based discussion forums on practitioners problems. Prof. Harry Poulos Mr Michel Gambin and Information Technology Dr Luiz de Mello Of all initiatives in the past, a real and detailed follow up of a well established existing facility, with a Swedish based com­ Together with the Secretary General Neil Taylor, I am very pany, has now been selected and an agreement will be signed in much looking forward to start our work and to come back to you

2427 with some exciting news and proposals in the council of Prague in 2 years from now. I learned from the Past-Presidents' opening address on Sun­ day that I am now the 13th ISSMGE President. I can however in­ form you that I have already appointed a first Vice-President in case this number 13 really would mean something. Thank you all and see you certainly in many upcoming events.

2428 Social programme / Programme des soirées

Monday, August 27,2001 Welcome Reception Lundi, Août 27, 2001 Réception de bienvenue 18.00-21.00 18.00-21.00

Tuesday, August 28, 2001 Concert Mardi, Août 28, 2001 Concert 20.00-22.30 20.00-22.30

Thursday, August 30, 2001 Closing Banquet Jeudi, Août 30, 2001 Banquet de clôture 20.00-24.00 20.00-24.00 The banquet is held at Esma Sultan along the Bosphorous. Le banquet s'est tenu au Palais d'Esma Sultan le long du Bosphore.

Social programme for accompanying persons Programme touristiques pour les personnes accompagnantes

Monday, August 27, 2001 Bosphorus Cruise Lundi, Août 27, 2001 Croisière sur le Bosphore 14.00-17.00 14.00-17.00

Monday, August 27, 2001 Welcome Reception Lundi, Août 27. 2001 Réception de bienvenue 18.00-21.00 18.00-21.00

Tuesday, August 28, 2001 Visit to BiiyUkada(Islands) Mardi, Août 28, 2001 Visite à Büyükada(Iles) 08.30-17.00 08.30-17.00 After a relaxing cruise on the Marmara Sea, participants arrived Après une croisière reposante sur la Mer de Marmara, on arrive à at BÜYÜKADA famous for its beautifully decorated old BÜYÜKADA célèbre pour ses anciennes maisons en bois bien wooden houses, pine trees, and wonderful panoramic views. décorées, ses sapins, et de belles vues panoramiques. Le tour The tour includes a carriage drive through quiet, narrow streets comprends une promenade en chariot dans les rues tranquilles, around the island, good food in a fish restaurant and time for étroits autour de l'île, un bon repas dans un restaurant de leisure. This resort is 28 km off Istanbul in the north eastern part poissons, et le temps pour loisirs. Ce lieu frequenté est à 28km of the Marmara Sea. d'Istanbul dans la partie nord-est de la Mer Marmara.

Tuesday, August 28,2001 Concert Mardi, Août 28, 2001 Concert 20.00-22.30 20.00-22.30

Thursday, August 30,2001 Byzantine and Ottoman Mardi, Août 30, 2001 Tour des Merveilles Impériales et Wonders Tour Ottomanes 9.00-17.00 9.00-17.00 This tour travelled over the Golden Horn to the old city of Ce tour traverse par la Come d'Or vers l'ancienne ville Istanbul. d'Istanbul. Visited sites include: St.Sophia, Byzantine Hippodrome, Blue Les sites Visités sont: Sainte Sophia, Hippodrome Byzantin, Mosque, Grand Bazaar, Museum of Turkish and Islamic Arts, Mosquée Bleue, Grand Bazaar, Musée des Arts Turcs et Topkapi Palace and SOIeymaniye Mosque. Islamiques, Palais de Topkapi et Mosquée de SQleymaniye.

Thursday, August 30,2001 Closing Banquet Jeudi, Août 30, 2001 Banquet de clôture 20.00-24.00 20.00-24.00 The banquet is held at Esma Sultan along the Bosphorous. Le banquet s'est tenu au Palais d'Esma Sultan le long du Bosphore.

2437 Social programme / Programme des soirées

Monday, August 27,2001 Welcome Reception Lundi, Août 27, 2001 Réception de bienvenue 18.00-21.00 18.00-21.00

Tuesday, August 28, 2001 Concert Mardi, Août 28, 2001 Concert 20.00-22.30 20.00-22.30

Thursday, August 30, 2001 Closing Banquet Jeudi, Août 30, 2001 Banquet de clôture 20.00-24.00 20.00-24.00 The banquet is held at Esma Sultan along the Bosphorous. Le banquet s'est tenu au Palais d'Esma Sultan le long du Bosphore.

Social programme for accompanying persons Programme touristiques pour les personnes accompagnantes

Monday, August 27, 2001 Bosphorus Cruise Lundi, Août 27, 2001 Croisière sur le Bosphore 14.00-17.00 14.00-17.00

Monday, August 27, 2001 Welcome Reception Lundi, Août 27. 2001 Réception de bienvenue 18.00-21.00 18.00-21.00

Tuesday, August 28, 2001 Visit to Büyükada(Islands) Mardi, Août 28, 2001 Visite à Büyükada(Iles) 08.30-17.00 08.30-17.00 After a relaxing cruise on the Marmara Sea, participants arrived Après une croisière reposante sur la Mer de Marmara, on arrive à at BÜYÜKADA famous for its beautifully decorated old BÜYÜKADA célèbre pour ses anciennes maisons en bois bien wooden houses, pine trees, and wonderful panoramic views. décorées, ses sapins, et de belles vues panoramiques. Le tour The tour includes a carriage drive through quiet, narrow streets comprends une promenade en chariot dans les rues tranquilles, around the island, good food in a fish restaurant and time for étroits autour de l'île, un bon repas dans un restaurant de leisure. This resort is 28 km off Istanbul in the north eastern part poissons, et le temps pour loisirs. Ce lieu frequenté est à 28km of the Marmara Sea. d'Istanbul dans la partie nord-est de la Mer Marmara.

Tuesday, August 28,2001 Concert Mardi, Août 28, 2001 Concert 20.00-22.30 20.00-22.30

Thursday, August 30,2001 Byzantine and Ottoman Mardi, Août 30, 2001 Tour des Merveilles Impériales et Wonders Tour Ottomanes 9.00-17.00 9.00-17.00 This tour travelled over the Golden Horn to the old city of Ce tour traverse par la Come d'Or vers l'ancienne ville Istanbul. d'Istanbul. Visited sites include: St.Sophia, Byzantine Hippodrome, Blue Les sites Visités sont: Sainte Sophia, Hippodrome Byzantin, Mosque, Grand Bazaar, Museum of Turkish and Islamic Arts, Mosquée Bleue, Grand Bazaar, Musée des Arts Turcs et Topkapi Palace and SOIeymaniye Mosque. Islamiques, Palais de Topkapi et Mosquée de SQleymaniye.

Thursday, August 30,2001 Closing Banquet Jeudi, Août 30, 2001 Banquet de clôture 20.00-24.00 20.00-24.00 The banquet is held at Esma Sultan along the Bosphorous. Le banquet s'est tenu au Palais d'Esma Sultan le long du Bosphore.

2437 Technical visits / Visites techniques

1. GEOLOGICAL TOUR OF ISTANBUL 1. TOUR GÉOLOGIQUE D'ISTANBUL Istanbul is spread over a large area and it is possible to observe a Istanbul s'étend sur un large espace et il est possible d'observer variety of geological features without going very far out of town. une variété des configurations géologiques sans aller très loin de A tour with explanations by experts is organised. New findings la ville. Un tour commenté part des experts est organisé. Les in connection with the Northern Anatolian Fault Line is also nouvelles découvertes en relation avec la faille Nord presented. Analolienne sont aussi présentées.

2. FOUNDATIONS AND PERFORMANCE OF OLD 2. FONDATIONS ET COMPORTEMENT DES STRUCTURES STRUCTURES ANCIENNES Foundations of a large number of historical buildings in Istanbul Les fondations de nombreux bâtiments historiques à Istanbul et and historical experiences connected with them constitute a les connaissances historiques les concernant constituent une wealth for geotechnical engineers. Visited places include grande richesse pour les géotechniciens. La visite comprends les structures along the Golden Hom. St.Stephen (Bulgarian) constructions le long de la Come d'Or, l'église Bulgare de Saint Church (1871), the historical city walls, the New Mosque Stephen (1871), les murs historiques de la ville, la Nouvelle (1603), as well as Aya Sofya (Hagia Sofia) (537), SOleymaniye Mosquée (1603), aussi bien que Sainte Sophie (537), la Mosquée Mosque (1557) and recently reinforced KOçilksu Palace (1857). Stlleymaniye (1577) et le Palais de KQçUksu (1857) récemment renforcé.

3. BRIDGE FOUNDATIONS 3. CONSTRUCTION DES PONTS Variable geological conditions create interesting engineering Les conditions variables de la géologie autour dlstanbul créent possibilities. Construction to bridges which will cany water des conditions intéressantes et variées de Génie Civil. La con­ mains over reservoirs present interesting foundation problems. struction des aqueducs en particulier présente des solutions de fondation intéressantes.

4. TERZAGHI TOUR 4. TOUR " TERZAGHI" Terzaghi lived and worked in Istanbul between 1916 and 1922. Terzaghi a vécu et a travaillé à Istanbul entre les années 1916 et The tour included a visit to his favourite "Pierre Loti Café" 1922. Le tour comprend une visite de son café favori Pierre Loti overlooking the Golden Horn, to old Silahtar Power House donnant sur la Come d'Or, de la centrale thermique de Silahtar, which is seated on very soft ground and took the attention of établie sur un sol très mou, qui avait attiré l'attention de Terzaghi Terzaghi as a challenge for a foundation engineer, to a region comme constituant un défi de géotechnique, d'une région le long along the Black Sea coast where Terzaghi obtained his soil de la Mer Noire où Terzaghi avait obtenu ses échantillons pour samples for testing, to Bogazifi University (formerly Robert les essais, de l'Université du Bosphore (anciennement Robert College) where Terzaghi performed his preliminary tests with Collège) où Terzaghi a exécuté ses premières recherches avec "cigar boxes and kitchen balances" and prepared his famous "les boîtes de cigares et des balances de cuisine", et préparé ses articles and also to the house where he lived. articles célèbres. On a visité aussi la maison où il a vécu. Pen­ dant ce tour, on peut sentir et vivre l'enthousiasme que Terzaghi, encore jeune, a eu pendant son séjour à Istanbul.

5. VISIT TO "GAP" 5. TOUR AU "GAP" Technical visit is organised to Atatflrk Dam, the largest earth Une visite technique est organisée au barrage d'Atatflrk, le plus dam in Turkey, and Birecik Dam on Euphrates and to the site grand barrage de Turquie, et au barrage de Birecik sur l'Euphrate antique Zeugma. Those dams are part of the South Eastern et le site antique Zeugma. Ces barrages sont une partie du pro­ Anatolian Development Programme (GAP). gramme de développement de l'Anatolie du Sud_Est (GAP).

2439 Satellite conferences / Congrès satellites

SATELLITE CONFERENCE NO. 1 CONGRÈS SATELLITE NO. 1 Tunnelling and Underground Space Development Travaux Souterrains (Organised in partnership with TC 28 of ISSMGE) (Organisée avec la participation du Comité Technique "TC 28") Date : 23-26 August 2001 Date : 23-26 Août 2001 Host City : Cappadocia (UrgOp) Lieu : Cappadoce (Ürgüp) Chairman : Professor Robert Mair (Cambridge University, UK) Président: Professeur Robert Mair (Université de Cambridge, Language : English Royaume-Uni) Programme: Langue : Anglais -Arrival in Kayseri from Istanbul on Thursday, 23 August 2001. Programme: Transfer by bus to UrgUp. -Arrivée à Kayseri d'Istanbul Jeudi 23 Août 2001, transfert par -Friday, 24 August 2001, Satellite Conference, autobus à Ürgüp, -Saturday and Sunday, 25-26 August 2001, visit to historical -Vendredi, 24 Août 2001, Congrès Satellite, sites, -Samedi et Dimanche, 25-26 Août 2001, visite aux sites -Sunday, 26 August 2001, transfer by bus to Kayseri airport. historiques, -Dimanche, 26 Août 2001, transfert par autobus à l'aéroport de Kayseri.

SATELLITE CONFERENCE NO. 3 CONGRÈS SATELLITE NO. 3 Marine Structures Structures Marines Date : 23-26 August 2001 Date : 23-26 Août 2001 Host City : Izmir Lieu : Izmir (Symme) Chairman : Dr. Suzanne Lacasse (Norwegian Geotechnical Président : Dr. Suzanne Lacasse (Institut Géotechnique Norvégien) Institute) Langue : Anglais Language : English Programme: Programme: -Arrivée à Izmir Jeudi 23 Août 2001, transfert à l'hôtel, -Arrival in Izmir on Thursday, 23 August 2001. Transfer to the -Vendredi, 24 Août 2001, Congrès Satellite, hotel. -Samedi et Dimanche, 25-26 Août 2001, visites des sites -Friday, 24 August 2001, Satellite Conference, historiques et excursions techniques, -Saturday and Sunday, 25-26 August 2001, visit to historical -Dimanche, 26 Août 2001, départ à Istanbul, transfert à sites and technical excursions, l'aéroport. -Sunday, 26 August 2001, departure to Istanbul, transfer to the airport.

SATELLITE CONFERENCE NO. 4 CONGRÈS SATELLITE NO. 4 Recent Advances in Soil Reinforcement and Improvement Récentes Mises au Point en Amélioration et Renforcement des (Organised in partnership with TC 17 of ISSMGE) Sols (Organisée avec la participation du Comité Technique "TC 17") Date : 25-26 August 2001 Host City : Istanbul Date : 25-26 Août 2001 Chairman : M. Michel Gambin (France) Lieu : Istanbul Professor François Schlosser (France) Organisateurs : M. Michel Gambin (France) Language : French Professeur François Schlosser (France) Programme: Langue : Français -Saturday, 25 August 2001, Satellite Conference at Gümüçsuyu Programme: Campus of Istanbul Technical University (Mechanical -Samedi 25 Août 2001, Congrès Satellite au Campus de Engineering Faculty), 9.00 - 17.00 h. Gümüçsuyu de l'Université Technique d'Istanbul (Faculté de -Sunday, 26 August 2001, sight-seeing tour (full day). Mécanique), 9.00 - 17.00 heures, -Dimanche, 26 Août 2001, visite guidée d'Istanbul (Journée complète).

2441 SATELLITE CONFERENCE NO. 5 CONGRÈS SATELLITE NO. 5 Lessons Learned from Strong Earthquakes Leçons Apprises des Tremblements de Terre de Forte Intensité (Organised in partnership with TC 4 of ISSMGE) (Organisée avec la participation du Comité Technique "TC 4")

Date : 24-25 August 2001 Date : 24-25 Août 2001 Host City : Istanbul Lieu : Istanbul Chairman : Dr. W.D.L. Finn (Canada) Président: Dr. W.D.L. Finn (Canada) Co-Chairman : P.Seco e Pinto (Portugal) Coprésident : P.Seco e Pinto (Portugal) Organiser : Professor Atilla Ansal (Turkey) Organisateur : Professeur Atilla Ansal (Turquie) Language : English Langue : Anglais Programme: Programme: -Friday, 24 August 2001, Satellite Conference, at Ayazaga -Vendredi, 24 Août 2001, Congrès Satellite au Campus Ayazaga Campus of Istanbul Technical University, SOleyman Demirel de l'Université Technique d'Istanbul, Le Centre de Sûleyman Cultural Centre, 9.00 - 17.00 h. Demirel, 9.00 -17.00 heures, -Saturday, 25 August 2001, technical excursion. -Samedi, 25 Août 2001, excursion technique.

SATELLITE CONFERENCE NO. 6 CONGRÈS SATELLITE NO. 6 Fundamentals o f Soil Behaviour Principes de Base du Comportement du Sol (Organised in partnership with TC 35 of ISSMGE) (Organisée avec la participation du Comité Technique "TC 4") Date : 25-26 August 2001 Date : 25-26 Août 2001 Host City : Istanbul Lieu : Istanbul Organiser Professor Malcolm Bolton (University of Organisateur : Professeur Malcolm Bolton (Université de Cambridge, UK) Cambridge, Royaume-Uni) Language : English Langue : Anglais Programme: Programme: -Saturday, 25 August 2001, Bogaziifi University Campus, 9.00 - -Samedi, 25 Août 2001, Congrès Satellite au Campus de l'Uni- 17.00 h. versité de Bogaziçi, 9.00 - 17.00 heures, -Sunday, 26 August 2001, sight-seeing tour. -Dimanche, 26 Août 2001, visite guidée de la ville.

2442 Poster presentations / Les posters

SESSION 1.1. ASSESSMENT OF DEFORMATION SESSION 1.2. SOIL PROPERTY CHARACTERIZATION BY PROPERTIES INCLUDING TIME AND RATE EFFECTS MEANS OF FIELD TESTS

Liquefaction potential assessment using different neural and Soil cracking and faulting due to water table decline. neuro fuzzy networks : a comparative study. A. ALVARES-MANILLAS, E. ROJAS A. BAMDAD, G. HABIBAGACHI, J.B. BERRILL Understanding the ground motion o f the Kocaeli Earthquake Behavior o f geomaterials in microgravity at very low effective Turkey 1999. stresses. B. TEYMUR, S.P. MADABHUSHI K. ALSHIBLI A deformation measurement system for geotechnical testing The decay o f structure and the loss o f overconsolidation. based on digital imaging, close-range photogrammetry, and PIV A. ASAOKA, M. NADANO, T. NODA, M. MATSUO image analysis. Linear relation o f structured natural clay. D. WHITE, W. A. TAKE, M.D. BOLTON, S.E. MUNACHEN J. CHAI A new in situ direct shear testing method for rockfill materials: Modeling o f rate dependency o f dynamic strength for clay and sand and clays. its application. H. MATSUOKA, S.H. LIU, D.A. SUN, U. NISHUCATA R. FURUTA Estimating dynamic shear modulus in cohesive soils. Effect o f hydromechanical stresses on pore space and water H. SENAPATHY, J. L. M. CLEMENTE, J. R. DAVIE retention in a clay. Correlation between penetration resistance and relative density X. GUILLOT, M.AL-MUKHTAR, F. BERGAYA, J.M.- of sandy soils. FLEUREAU M. CUBRINOVSKY, K. ISHIHARA Development o f true triaxial testing system to evaluate Soil deformation as result o f fluctuations in the moisture content anisotropy o f elastic characteristics on sedimentary soft rock. as a cause o f damage in buildings. K. HAYANO, T. SATO M. WITTE, W. RODATZ, M. BACHMANN, T. Undrained monotonic and cyclic shear behavior o f saturated VITTINGHOFF sand under wide range o f confining stresses. Endoscopy & dynamic penetration test coupling to realize in situ M. HODO, N. ARAMAKI soil investigation. Evaluation o f shear wave travel time in laboratory bender P. BREUL, R. GOURVES element test. Geological and geotechnical characterization o f Portuguese T. KAWAGUCHI, T. MITACHI, S. SHIBUYA deposit of soft soils. Loading history: a key factor to control permeant deformations P.A.L.F. COELHO, L.J.L. LEMOS in subgrades. The effect of modeling volumetric creep on ground movements. P. GARNICA P.J. INGRAM, S.E. STALLEBRASS Shear stress dependency o f small-strain stiffness and creep of Local soil conditions and earthquake damage in the town of Toyoura sand. Aiquile Bolivia. J. KUWANO, S. K. CHAUDHARY, S. HASHIMOTO R.D. VERASTEGUI, W.F. VAN IMPE, M. SALINAS Time and stress history dependency o f creep strain vector for granular materials. R. KUWANO SESSION 1.3. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN Properties o f compression and single particle crushing for LABORATORY TECHNIQUES FOR UNSATURATED crushable soil. SOILS Y. NAKATA, Y. KATO, H. MURATA Development o f new triaxial compression test apparatus for Influence o f external pressure changes acting on unsaturated geomaterials on industrial X-ray CT scanner. submerged soils. J. OTANI, T. MUKUNOKI, M. YOSHIMURA H.J. KOHLER, R. SCHWAB The effects o f plastic fines on limited liquefaction under The behavior o f anisotropically consolidated unsaturated soil. monotonic loading. K. KAWAI, D. KARUBE S.I. KIM, S.S.JEONG.K.B.PARK, J.S. CHOI, I.J. PARK Capillarity, matrix potential and water permeability in Evaluation o f structure o f aged marine deposits by means of unsaturated soils. standard compression curves. O. HENOEGL T. SUCHIDA An instability analysis o f cut slope using an anisotropic strain Small strain stiffness on anisotropic consolidated state o f sands softening model for soft rock. by bender elements and cyclic loading tests. T. ADACHI, F. OKA, H. KOBAYASHI S. YAMASHITA, T. SUZUKI Failure envelope o f desiccated, unsaturated soils. Continuously loaded triaxial tests. T. NISHIMURA, D. G. FREDLUND B. ZLENDER, S. SKRABL, L. TRAUNER, B. MACUH

2749 SESSION 2.1. DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE OF Seismic analysis of slopes. SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS UNDER STATIC AND E. BOTERO, M.P.ROMO DYNAMIC LOADING Behavior o f a rockfill dam during construction. H. OHTA, H. YOSHIKOSHI, Y. MORI, S. YONETANI, M. Vertical bearing capacity o f skirted circular foundations on ITOH, T. ISHIGURO Tresca soil. Centrifuge modeling o f seismic settlement o f composite C. MARTIN breakwaters. 3-D dynamic hydro-mechanic coupled analysis o f the structure­ K. K1TA, H. YAMADA soil interface. New tables for active and passive coefficients in H. KONIETZKY overconsolidated soils. Rotation o f RML structures founded on soft inelastic ground. L. BOUTONNIER, M. VIROLLET M. MADHAV, H.B. POOROOSHAHB Fibre-reinforced backfills for retaining structures. Modeling o f shallow foundations on homogeneous and layered N. KURIAN soils. Advanced numerical model based on the theory o f general lateral P. NATER, J. LAUE, S. M. SPRINGMAN pressure. Rigid plastic shakedown analysis and its application for a P. KOUDELKA, T. KOUDELKA bearing capacity problem o f a multi-footing system. Geotechnical characterization and stability analysis o f BHP S. KOBAYASHI Cannington paste backfill. Load-settlement behavior o f shallow foundation under various R.M. RANKINE, K.J. RANKINE, N. SIVAKUGAN, W. load conditions. KARUNASENA, M. L. BLOSS T. NAKAI, M. HINOKIO, T. TERANISHI, T. HOSHIKAWA, Centrifugal model tests o f uniform surcharge loading on L- E.Q. CHOWDHURY shaped retaining walls. Use o f servicebility limit state calculations in geotechnical Y. DJERBIB, C. C. HIRD, M. TOUAHMIA design. Rainfall index for warning against slope failure disaster. T.L.L. ORR, E.R. FARRELL Y. SASAKI, T. MORIWAKI, S. KANO

SESSION 2.2. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS rN DESIGN AND SESSION 2.4. OFFSHORE PLATFORMS AND PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION OF PILE FOUNDATIONS FOUNDATIONS

The double use o f piles as foundation and heat exchange Centrifuge & numerical modeling o f suction pile behavior under elements. various loading conditions. A. ENNIGKEIT, R. KATZENBACH H.G.B. ALLERSMA, A.A. KIRSTEIN, R.B.J. BRINKGREVE Analysis o f pile deformations during static load tests. A new design method for buried pipes. A. SZAVITZ-NOSSAN, M.S. KOVACEVIC, R. MAVAR J. TOHDA, H. YOSHIMURA Wave equation analyses for seismic grouped piles. Wave induced breakout o f untrenched submarine pipes on sand. D. CHANG, S.H.H.LEE, C.T. CHIN X.Y. GU, F.P. GAO, Q. PU Scale effects for pile construction models. E. IMRE Effect o f floating pile groups on structural response. SESSION 3.1. DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE OF LARGE H.R. AGUILAR, J. AVILES UNDERGROUND OPENINGS Finnish experiences from superstructures supported directly on steel piles. Observational method ensuring the stability o f a deep excavation J. LEHTONEN, J. RANT ALA, S. ERONEN, M. KOSKINEN in clayey slide mass. Piled raft foundations o f high rise buildings. P. KUDELLA J. TUREK Influence o f the in situ pore water pressure on the stability of 3-D elastoplastic finite element analysis of pile foundation deep galleries in saturated porous media. considering the influence o f axial force on the stiffness o f pile V. LABIOUSE, R. GARBER groups. M. KIMURA, M. HIGUSHI Field construction and load test trial o f high capacity mini piles. SESSION 3.2. DESIGN AND PRACTICE AS RELATED TO R.P. THOMPSON, K. CLINTON, R. P. HILLIER VARIOUS TUNNELING TECHNIQUES Evaluation of dynamic pile group efficiency by shaking table tests. New approach for assessing long-term stability o f tunnel and S.R.KIM, M.M. KIM, C.K. CHUNG, S remedial work. Characteristics o f lateral ground force acting on pile in liquefied A. YASHIMA, F. ZHANG soil. Simplified 3-D modeling o f shield tunnel advancement. Y. SUZUKI, N. ADACHI A.R. KOELEWIJN, A. VERRUIJT The grouting process around a tunnel. H E. BRASSINGA, A. BEZUIJEN SESSION 2.3. DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE OF The second Heinenoord tunnel: the main monitoring results. RETAINING STRUCTURES UNDER STATIC AND K.J. BAKKER, E.A.H. TEUNISSEN, P. VAN DEN BERG, M. DYNAMIC LOADING TH. J. H. SMITS Adoption o f triaxial testing for the study o f swelling behavior in Seismic performance o f reinforced earth wall with geogrid. tunnels. A. TAKAHASHI, J. TAKEMURA, T. SHIMODARIA M. BARLA, G. BARLA Predicting the stability o f a reinforced soil retaining wall by Three-dimensional numerical simulation o f a tunnel excavation generalized equilibrium method. using NATM- Brasilia underground construction. D A . CHRYSIKOS, C.I. PAPANTONOPOULOS, D.K. M.M. FARIAS, A.P. ASSIS, A.H.V. MORAES JR ATMATZIDIS

2750 Phased calculation o f stresses and displacements due to A new approach for studying behavior o f cement stabilized tunneling the Botlek railway tunnel in the Netherlands. clays. R. PETERS, B. SAFARI, C.J.J. ZIMMERMANN, S. S. HORSPIBULSUK, N. MIURA delfgaauw Microstructure o f a swelling clay treated with lime. Time dependent behavior behaviour o f bored tunnels in soft soil S. KHATTAB, M. AL-MUKHTAR, JQ-M. FLEUREAU, J.F. conditions; a numerical study. ALCOVER, F. BERGAYA R.B.J. BRINKGREVE, K.J. BAKKER Non-linear mechanism and performance o f clay-sand column Unsaturated flow in a laboratory test for tunneling under system. compressed air. T. MATSUI, K. ODA, Y. NABESHIMA S. SEMPRICH, Y. SCHEID Stabilization o f embankments by vacuum consolidation. Assessment of the effects of internal drainage on t he design of T. SHIONO, K. NAKAKUMA, M. KUBO, T. SATO, K. tunnels. UCHIYAMA, H. ICHIKAWA V. BILFINGER, W. HACHICH Monitoring contaminant plume evolution in scaled models. T.A. NEWSON, M.C.R. DAVIES, P. SENTENAC Study on bulb form and capacity characteristic o f multi-injection SESSION 3.3. UNDERGROUND WORK IN URBAN AREAS ground anchor. INCLUDING ITS IMPACT ON EXISTING Y. MAEDA, H. WADA INFRASTRUCTURE

Metro d'Algert project-analysis o f stresses and displacements SESSION 5.1. MANAGING CONTAMINATED SITES H. BAYRAKTAR Soil-pipe interaction-ice scour m odeling. Restoration o f hydrocarbon contaminated oil drilling site in I. KONUK northeast Syria. Tunnel induced ground movements and their effects on existing M. KAYYAL tunnels ML. COOPER, D.N. CHAPMAN, A.H. C. CHAN, C.D.F.ROGERS SESSION 5.3. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN CONTAINMENT TECHNIQUES

SESSION 4.1. DEEP IN-PLACE MIXING METHODS Portuguese experience in construction o f M.S.W landfill liner systems. Long term behavior o f a pulverized fly ash grouted sand. M.G.G.A. LOPES, M.L.LOPES I N. MARKOU Landfill cover system for minimizing the geo-environmental Prediction o f strength o f cement-treated soil column based on impact. size effect. M. KAMON, T. KATSUMI, S. INAZUMI, G. K. OMINE, H. OCHIAI RAJASEKARAN Stabilization o f soil with displacement columns o f dry sand cement/lime mix: construction methods, physical behavior and numerical methods. SESSION 6.1. ROAD, RAILWAY AND RUNWAY Y. EL-MOSSALLAMY, P. SCHELLER, T. NEIDHART, CONSTRUCTION W.REITMEIER Measurement and prediction o f ground vibration from railway traffic. SESSION 4.2. GROUND REINFORCEMENT INCLUDING A. KAYNIA GEOSYNTHETICS Robust design o f life cycle costs o f road embankments on soft soil. An approach to modeling the stability o f reinforced slopes by A.A.M. VENMANS, A.S. BARNEVELD geotextiles. Utilization o f geothermal energy from railway tunnels. A M. JAMEI, H. GUIRAS-SKANDAJI D. ADAM, J. HONFINGER, N. OSTERMANN Parametric fe studies on reinforced slopes. Reinforced embankments on piles for railroads: German B.T. DANTAS, M. EHRLICH experience. Geosynthetics reinforcement - limit state approach. D.A. ALEXIEW, W. VOGEL I. VANICEK, M. VANICEK Finnish experiences in preventing frost damage in roads by using steel meshes. H. RATHMAYER, H. MAKELA SESSION 4.3. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN GROUND Analysis o f slope stability o f an earth dam due to rapid IMPROVEMENT drawdown effects. I.M. LYDON, M.M. LONG Recent applications o f jet grouting for soil improvement in Model scale investigations on the deformation of the subsoil Turkey. under railway traffic. A. GOKALP S. HEINEKE, R. KATZENBACH, U. ARSLAN Jet grouting along Bosphorous. The deformation behavior of two layer railway ballast beds. A.F. DURGUNOGLU W.F. ANDERSON, P.FAIR, A.J. KEY, P. McMICHEAL Ground improvement and numerical analysis. F. KIRSH, W. SONDERMANN Explosions for ground improvement. SESSION 6.2. COASTAL AND MARINE ENGINEERING N. TAMASKOVICS, H. KLAPPERICH Permeable reactive barriers in great depth, testing and Strength conditions o f Dutch dikes. application: material testing and application. A. BIZZARRI, P. BLOMMAART, M. KETELAARS R. HERRMANNS-STENGELE, S. KOHLER Shaking induced water pressure acting on quay walls. A. GHALANDARZADEH, I. TOWHATA, S.O. MOMENI

2751 Dike technology:the Dutch experience. F.B.J.BARENDS Wave-induced liquefaction and flow deformation in sand beds. J.L.H. MIYOMOTO, S.SASSA, H. SEKIGUCHI Effect o f gas on deepwater marine sediments. J.L.H.GROZIC, T.J. KVALSTAD New approach for uplift induced slope failure. M.A. VAN

2752 International Society of Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Minutes of the Council Meeting RAI Congress Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 6 June 1999, 8:30-12:30, 13:30-18:00

PRESENT:

Professor K Ishihara - ISSMGE President Professor M B Jamiolkowski - ISSMGE Immediate Past P resident Mr H Ejyaaouani - ISSMGE Vice President Africa Professor Sang-Kyu K im - ISSMGE Vice President Asia Professor M F Randolph - ISSMGE Vice President Austra la sia Professor H Brandi - ISSMGE Vice President Europe Mr G Springall - ISSMGE Vice President North America Professor F Bogossian - ISSMGE Vice President South America Dr S A m a r - ISSMGE Board Member Professor R J M a ir - ISSMGE Board Member Dr R H G Parry - ISSMGE Secretary General Professor R N T a y lo r - ISSMGE Secretary General Elect Mrs A J D Cobb - ISSMGE Secretariat

Professor V de M ello ISSMGE Past President Mr J van Duivendijk ICOLD Dr Pedro Seco e Pinto ISRM

Dr P D ay Chairman ISSMGE TC23 Professor R Katzenbach Chairman ISSMGE TC5 D r V V S R a o Chairman ISSMGE TC20 Professor H Ochiai Chairman ISSMGE TC9 Dr R P h illip s Chairman ISSMGE TC2 Professor K Sassa Co-Chairman ISSMGE TCI 1 Dr S Lacasse Chairman ISSMGE TCI4 Dr P Seco e P in to Chairman ISSMGE TC4 Mr M Gambin Representative ISSMGE TCI 6

Member Society Voting Member Non-Voting Member

Argentina Professor F Bogossian* Australia M r M E rv in Austria Professor H Brandi D r M Fross Azerbaijan ... Bangladesh — Belgium Professor W F Van Impe Professor A Holeyman B olivia Professor F Bogosian* Brazil Professor L de M ello Bulgaria Professor H Brandi* Canada Professor J Graham D r S Lacasse Chile — China — Colom bia M r A Lizcano Costa R ica — Croatia M s B M a rie D r V Szavits-Nossan CTGA M r O Chemaou Elfihri Czech & Slovak Rs Professor I Vanicek Professor JFeda Denmark Professor J Steenfelt M r J B Clausen/Mr H Denver Ecuador Professor F Bogossian* Egypt — Estonia P rofe ssor M M e ts Finland M r H Rathmayer France M r A Pecker M r M Gambin

2843 G erm an y Professor W W ittke Professor E H M Nussbaumer G hana — Greece D r S Cavounidis D r A G Anagnostopoulos H u n g a ry D r R Szepeshazi Icela nd — In d ia Professor V V S Rao Ind one sia Professor Sang-Kyu Kim * Iran — Ire la n d D r T L L O r r Israel — Ita ly Professor G Scarpeli Japan Professor T Kim ura Professor H Sekiguchi Kazakhstan Professor A Zhusupbekov D r T Bagdat K e n y a ... K o re a R Dr Myung-Whan Lee L a tv ia — L ith u a n ia D r V Stragys M e x ic o M r L E Montaflez M o ro c c o M r H Ejjaaouani N epa l ... Netherlands — New Zealand Professor M F Randolph* N ig e ria -- N o rw a y M r S H erm ann P akistan — Paraguay ... Peru — P oland Professor E Dembicki Professor Zb Mylanarek P ortu gal Professor P SSco e Pinto R o m a n ia Professor I Manoliu A/Professor N Radulescu R ussia Professor V A Ilyichev S lo v e n ia — South Africa M r P D a y S E A s ia — S pain Dr V Cudlar M r E Dapena S ri L a n ka Professor Sang-Kyu Kim * Sudan — Sw eden M r B Lundahl M r B Rygell Switzerland Professor F Descoeudres Dr M Caprez/Dr L Vulliet S yria — T u n is ia — T u rk e y Professor E Togrol Professor U Arslan UK Dr Q Leiper USA M r R E Smith Professor H E Wahls V en e zu e la — V ie tn a m — Yugoslaviaq — Z im b a b w e —

* denotes Proxy Vote

APOLOGIES:

Professor Mike Duncan ISSMGE Board Member Professor Tatsuoka Chair TC29 Mr P Teixeira da Cruz Chair TC25 Dr R A Jewell Chair TC26 Professor I Vardoulakis Chair TC34 Dr R Massarsch Chair TC10 Dr M Deveughèle Secretary General IAEG Mr C Berenguier Secretary General ITA

INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION OF THE NEW SECRETARY GENERAL

1. The President opened the meeting by welcoming the Mem- 2. The President introduced Professor Neil Ta y lo r w h o had ber Society delegates and invited participants. been chosen as the new Secretary General, and who would

2844 succeed D r Parry at the end o f the Council Meeting. Profes­ opments in geotechnical engineering. He also asked T C sor Taylor is Professor o f Geotechnical Engineering at C ity Chairs to confirm their list o f members and to assist them the University, London, and the Secretariat would be transferred President circulated a set o f guidelines for choosin g m em ­ to London directly after the Council Meeting. bers o f TCs (given in Appendix 3). In addition, he requested the Chairs to submit suggested terms o f reference.

LIST OF DELEGATES AND OTHER PERSONS PRESENT 8. The outcome o f these exercises was summarised in a T a b le giving the current status o f activities o f all TCs, and which is 3. The list o f delegates who had notified the Secretary General also presented in Appendix 3. This indicated that m ost, in advance of their intention to participate in the C o u n c il though not all, TCs had positive plans for the next 2 years. Meeting was presented and their attendance was subse­ The President commented that despite many efforts, it had quently confirmed. Apologies for absence were also noted. not been possible to compile a complete set o f addresses fo r all members o f all TCs.

9. In discussion, M r Rathmayer thought that TCs sho uld be en­ CONFIRMATION OF QUORUM (STATUTE 12K) couraged to report more frequently on their activity . H e mentioned that in the report from the Hamburg Conference, 4. A roll call at the start o f the meeting indicate d that there many TCs had only given their Terms of Reference ra ther were 38 voting delegates present. The Secretary General than a summary o f what had actually been achieved. P rofes­ confirmed that there were 56 Member Societies entitle d to sor Steenfelt agreed, stating that discussion on the activities vote, and as the number o f voting delegates was in excess o f o f TCs would be helpful. Professor Togrol saw the b e nefits two-thirds o f this number, the meeting was quorate to deal in reports from TCs but thought that discussion wou ld be d if­ with all matters. It was also noted that in additio n to the ficult. D r Lundahl remarked that in addition to the guidelines voting delegates, there were 3 proxy votes. for choosing members o f TCs, there could also be gu id e lin e s for reporting. The Secretary General reminded Counc il tha t in the past, a quadrennial Administrative Report on T C s had MEMBERSHIP been produced. Professor L de M ello suggested that re p o rt­ ing TC activities using the web-site could be an effe c tiv e 5. The Secretary General presented his Report on the IS S M G E method o f disseminating information. There was some sup­ membership, which is included as Appendix 1. In January port for this idea, which would be discussed later in the 1999, the ISSMGE membership was 16214 from 71 Membe r m eeting. Societies. This compared with 16763 members from 71 Member Societies as reported to the 1997 Council Me e tin g . 10. The opportunity was taken to allow the various T C C hairs Significant reductions in membership were from India (4 3 0 present at the meeting to make a brief report on recent o r to 225), South East Asia (406 to 250) and United States new activities. (3586 to 3108). Noticeable increases in membership w ere in Australia (432 to 603), Brazil (242 to 321) and Slo ve n ia (31 TC Report to 127). Member Societies in arrears with their sub scriptions TC2: Prof. Phillips The TC had been renamed Centrifuge for four or more years were Ghana, Kenya, Latvia, N ig e ria , and Physical Model Testing to reflect Peru, Yugoslavia and Zimbabwe. There was also a sma ll de­ more closely its activity. Its Terms of cline in the number o f Corporate Members, from 25 to 23. Reference were listed on the web-page He noted that the Board was considering new initiativ e s to for the TC, which included a major increase Corporate Sponsorship o f the Society. In discussion, Conference in St Johns in 2002. the President expressed his concern at the increase in M e m ­ TC4: Prof. Séco e Pinto The Committee would meet during the ber Societies who were in debt ECSMGE. The TC was involved with the Second International Conference on Earthquake Loading in June 1999, a REGIONAL REPORTS BY VICE-PRESIDENTS workshop in New Zealand early in 2000 and a workshop during Geo- 6. The six Vice-Presidents presented their Reports to Council, E ng2000. copies o f which are given in Appendix 2. The Preside nt w as TC5: Prof. Katzenbach Various Task Forces had been estab­ pleased to hear of the considerable breadth of activ ity lished w ithin the TC. throughout the regions, and o f the effective planning for the TC5: Prof. Van Impe A Conference Advisory Committee forthcoming Regional Conferences. Further comments w ere meeting for the next ICEG would be invited from the delegates, but non were forthcomin g . held during the forthcoming Pan- American Conference in Iguasu. TC 8: M r Rathmayer Dr Slunga had retired, and TC 8 n o w TECHNICAL COMMITTEES had a n e w C hairm an . TC9: Prof. Ochiai An International Conference was being 7. The President first undertook to explain the procedure organised in 2001 and there were im­ whereby the present membership and activity o f the T e c h n i­ portant collaborations w ith the IGS. cal Committees had been determined; details are giv e n in T C I 1: P ro f. Sassa Professor Sassa was now co-chairman Appendix 3. Towards the end o f his term o f office, the Im ­ o f the TC. A newsletter was produced mediate Past-President, Professor Jamiolkowski, had w ritte n giving information on the TC. Future to all Member Societies requesting nominations from th e ir activity should emphasise the damage membership of suitable representatives to join TCs. The to cultural heritage caused by land­ President used the Secretariat to make a similar request slides. shortly after taking up office. However, not more tha n h a lf TC18: Prof. Van Impe The Conference on the Application of the Member Societies responded to these requests. M e a n ­ Stress-Wave Theory to Piles in Brazil while the President undertook some restructuring o f certain was not sponsored by T C I 8 and som e TCs to reflect the general activity o f the Society and de ve l-

2845 adjustment to the summary Table was The International Society o f Soil Mechanics and Geotech­ needed. nical Engineering is to request that each Chair o f the In ­ TCI4: Dr Lacasse The TC should perhaps review its pro­ ternational Technical Committees produces a report w hich gress and communicate more effec­ includes the list o f members, plans and progress o f their tively its achievements. work. The report is to be prepared in a format to be sug­ TC16: M r Gambin The TC had met on the previous day, gested by the Secretary General. The report is to be up­ and the terms of reference o f the TC dated at least annually, and w ill be included on the ISS­ were now established. The Report on MGE website. Cone Penetration Testing was pub­ lished in the ECSMGE Proceedings. 16. The motion was carried nem com. T C 2 0 : D r R ao The TC had held a very successful committee meeting on the previous day. TC23 : M r Day The TC was to some extent overshad­ XVIICSMGE 2005 owed by Eurocode EC7. However, the TC was still active and they held a 17. As the only invitation submitted "sufficiently far in advance Symposium in 1998. The Committee to be placed on the agenda o f the Council Meeting s ix years would meet during the course of the in advance o f the International Conference." (Statute 14B) ECSMGE. the X V I ICSMGE 2005 w ill be held in Osaka, hosted b y the TC28: Prof. M air An International Symposium would be Japanese Geotechnical Society. Professor Kimura, Ch a ir o f held in Tokyo in July 1999, and there the JGS, was invited to make a brief presentation. H e first were discussions regarding a Regional expressed his surprise that there had not been othe r com pet­ Symposium in China in 2000. ing bids for the X V I ICSMGE, and that there was perhaps a need to revitalise this quadrennial event. Nevertheless, he 11. There were no further comments. The President w as appre­ welcomed the challenge o f hosting the conference, and he ciative of the many contributions to TC activity wh ic h he welcomed the new ISSMGE Young Engineers awards (to be saw as an important part o f the ISSMGE business. discussed later in this Council Meeting). He was sure that Osaka would prove to be an excellent venue and that the Japanese Member Society would strive to make the confer­ COMMUNICATIONS, INCLUDING SGI-LINE ence the most successful ever. A short video describ in g the proposed conference and venue was shown. 12. A Report on the International Information Retrie val System for Geotechnical Literature is given in Appendix 4. Professor Randolph reported that the database had been availa b le on a GEOENG 2000 free access basis for most o f 1998 and, as had been agreed, users were now being asked to subscribe for the service. In 18. M r Ervin was invited to present his Report to Co u n c il, re­ order to improve the service and to rectify any sho rtcomings, produced in Appendix 6. He confirmed that most o f the main both Professor Randolph and SGI were hopeful that users speakers for the various sessions had now been selected in would provide detailed feedback. At present there w ere agreement with the three sponsoring International Societies. about 25 subscribers and most accesses to the database w ere Not all geotechnical engineering topics would be covered, a made from European countries. An important part of the notable exception being piling engineering. However, he ISSMGE agreement with SGI was the provision o f 25 free thought that there would be plenty o f interesting sessions for subscriptions, and the Vice-Presidents were reminde d o f all participants. Other societies had co-sponsored the event, their need to specify appropriate recipient institu tio n s. including IGS, ITA, LAH, IACM AG and ICOLD and these could be involved in some o f the special lectures. P u b lic ity o f the conference had been widespread, and it was hoped ISSMGE WEB-SITE AND ISSMGE NEWS that many abstracts would be received, the deadline for which had been extended to the end o f June 1999. Arrange­ 13. Professor Taylor outlined the development o f the new IS S ­ ments for publication using CD-ROM had been made, w ith MGE web-site, the key features of which are described in the option o f hardcopy production if requested. He also con­ Appendix 5. He gave a brief demonstration o f the site to i l ­ firmed that the three sister societies, ISSMGE, ISR M and lustrate the range o f material that had been assembled. A s IAEG had agreed to hold Board meetings at the time o f the well as information on the ISSMGE and its main activ itie s conference, and that the ISRM would also hold their C oun cil and conferences, the site includes a News section w h ic h w ill meeting in Melbourne. eventually replace the presently printed version of the Newsletter. Comments from those who had visited the site was generally very favourable, and Professor Taylor w as XV ICSMGE 2001 pleased to report that the number o f accesses to the site was increasing almost exponentially. 19. Professor Togrol summarised the main points o f h is report, given in Appendix 7. Bulletin 1 was now being circulated 14. The discussion returned to the issue o f reportin g IS S M G E and planning for the principal lectures and plenary sessions activities, and in particular the work o f TCs. Professor V de was well in hand. He also stressed the wish o f the Organising M ello suggested that a motion should be proposed re q u irin g Committee to provide reduced registration fees for y o u n g re­ all TCs to establish their own web-site. However, the general searchers and engineers. A special feature o f the conference feeling was that this would be too onerous for some T C s to would be the satellite workshops on specific themes. These do this. However, there was considerable support fo r reports workshops would precede the main conference and wou ld be o f the activities o f TCs to be included on the web-site. held at different locations in Turkey. The President requested input from Council in choosing and defining the workshops. 15. The following motion was proposed by Dr Lacasse and sec­ onded by Professor Van Impe, Professor Steenfelt and D r L e ip e r:

2846 4TH ICEG, BRAZIL 2002 that in order to progress the planned Museum in Ista nbul, he needed agreement to be established between ISSMGE and 20. Professor Bogossian gave a brief Report to Council on the the Technical University in Istanbul. progress made in organising the forthcoming ICEG in R io de Janeiro in 2002. The topics and themes to be covered d u rin g 26. With regard to budget, Professor M air confirmed th a t the the conference had been defined, and the general organisa­ only commitment for the ISSMGE would be for travel and tion o f the event was well in hand. The Conference O rg a n ­ subsistence expenses for members o f the ISSMGE comm it­ ising Committee would meet again during the Panamerican tee overseeing the development o f the Heritage Museum s. Conference. The President thanked Professor Bogossian, ac­ knowledging the hard work involved in organising an event 27. In conclusion, Council members were generally su p p o rtiv e of such importance. o f the proposed museum developments.

ISSMGE HERITAGE MUSEUM INTERNATIONAL YGEC 2000

21. The President reported on the developments o f the heritage 28. In presenting his report, given in Appendix 9, the Secretary museum, the details o f which appear in Appendix 8. Three General stated that excellent arrangements were in hand fo r places had been visited: Istanbul, Vienna and the D eutsche the YGEC 2000 conference to be held in Southampton, U K Museum in Munich. As a result o f these visits, the P resident in September 2000. The Organising Committee had opted had drafted a set o f conditions for establishing a H erita ge for the requirement for delegates to submit short, 2-page pa­ museum, which could be used by others in the future. pers on their project in keeping with the original ethos o f YGEC meetings. The conference had been extended to 4/4 22. In summarising the present state, the President indicated that days and the organisation o f technical sessions and site visits the proposal o f the Deutsche Museum offered the opp o rtu ­ were all well in hand. Professor Ishihara, Dr Lacasse and nity for many exhibits to be available to the general public. Professor M air had agreed to give keynote lectures. R e­ The ISSMGE would need to be involved at an early stage so cently, Professor R.K. Rowe had also been invited to g iv e a as to be able to influence and assist with the plannin g . C o n ­ lecture and a reply was awaited. sequently, the President had taken the decision o f p ro v is io n ­ ally accepting the proposal for a Heritage Museum in M u ­ 29. Professor Togrol noted that at the 1997 Council meeting, a nich. The proposals for Istanbul and Vienna were bo th budget o f GBP4000 had been given whereas the budget no w interesting, and the President hoped that there wou ld be appeared to be GBP9000. The Secretary General confirm e d agreement from Council to support them. He then inv ite d that a new budget was proposed, and that there would be an comments from Council. opportunity to discuss this later. D r Cavounidis gave a brief outline of the forthcoming European YGEC to be held in 23. Professor V de M ello thought it important to lo ok to other Santorini, Greece in September 1999. A ll was set fo r a suc­ places, for example the USA, in the future and he en cour­ cessful conference, although some member societies in the aged others to propose Heritage Museums. The President Region had not yet replied. He commented that finan c ia l was reminded that the Terzaghi library at NG I would be c o n ­ support o f GBP2000 had been received from the Society fo r sidered as a Heritage Museum but would continue to be o p ­ running the conference and he wondered if this could n o w be erated independently. Professor Togrol pointed out th a t the increased in light o f the additional support given to Y G E C original plan had been to establish a unique Intern a tio n a l 2000. However, it was pointed out that the two events w ere Museum, which was perhaps different to the Munich p ro ­ different in nature, and in particular that the YGE C 20 00 is posal. The President indicated that the Munich Museum International, and a one-off event. could have a plaque indicating ISSMGE endorsement, and his various assessments o f possible museum sites had led to the conclusion that it would be better to establish m u ltip le AMENDMENT TO STATUTE 12G museums o f their own character but each satisfying the same high standards. 30. The President reminded Council that the issue had been dis­ cussed in Hamburg. The proposal before Council was to 24. Professor W ittke gave more details on the Deutsche Museum make the follow ing changes: in Munich. The main museum attracted 1-2 million vis ito rs Present Statute 12G: each year. Developments within the museum meant that "A Member Society which is not able to have a delegate space for the ISSMGE section would come available soon present may transfer its voting rights either to its own Vice- and that it was planned for the displays to open in 2003. A President or to the delegate of another Member Society Commission would be established to oversee the planned having notified this in writing to the Secretary General. exhibits, which should cover geology, testing, cons titu tiv e However, no delegate may carry more than four such p ro x y models, design and practice in geotechnical enginee ring. T he votes." costs o f setting up the displays, estimated at D M 1-2,000,000 would be met by the Museum and donations from German Proposed amended Statute I2G: construction companies. The German Member Society "A Member Society which is not able to have a delegate pre­ would be involved in a Museum Committee running the sent may transfer its voting rights either to its o w n V ic e - planned Geotechnical Engineering exhibition, togethe r w ith President or to the delegate of another Member Society the ISSMGE. having notified this in writing to the Secretary General be­ fore the Council Meeting. No delegate may carry more than 25. Regarding the proposed Heritage Museum in Vienn a , P ro­ two such proxy votes, with the exception of the ISS M G E fessor Brandi confirmed that although there was sig n ific a n t Vice-Presidents who may carry three such proxy votes." damage to equipment during the Second W orld War, about 70% o f the planned exhibits for the Museum are essentially 31. Since this had been agreed by a two-thirds majo rity at the original, and some replacement apparatus are being m anu­ Council Meeting held in Hamburg on 7 September 1997, the factured using original drawings. Professor Togrol indica ted motion could now be carried by a two-thirds majority vote.

2847 However, any change in Statutes would become effective concerned also By-lawlOB.2. These amendments would be only for subsequent meetings o f Council and would no t ap­ considered separately. ply to the present meeting. Present By-law 10.1: "In appointing the Secretary General, who should be a mem­ 32. In discussion, Professor L de Mello, delegate for Brazil, ar­ ber o f the International Society, the President sha ll consult gued that since there were so few Latin American cou ntries with the Board and with the Member Society within whose present, the vote should be delayed to a later meetin g w hen country the Secretariat is to reside (the Host Memb e r Soci­ more members could participate in the vote. However, a e ty )". number o f other delegates thought that since the issue had been discussed for some time, it was appropriate to m o ve to Proposed amended By-law 10B.I: a vote. The Secretary General confirmed that, allow in g fo r "About 18 months before the office o f the Secretary General proxy votes, there were 41 voting delegates present. The becomes vacant, the current President w ill invite M em ber votes cast were 35 in favour, 6 against and no abstentions. Societies to submit proposals for filling the post Each pro­ Since there were more than two-thirds votes cast in fa v o u r, posal should include the name o f the person recommended the motion was carried. for the post, together with the location and structure o f the Secretariat and an estimated budget plan for its operation. The President shall set up an Appointment Committee made AMENDMENT TO STATUTES 18B, 18C, 18D AND 121 up o f 3 Board Members selected by the President, plu s the immediate Past President and the President who w ill chair 33. The President outlined the present and proposed Statutes, this Committee. The candidate for the new Secretary General which had been discussed at the 1997 Council Meetin g . T he elected by the Committee, together with the proposed loca­ follow ing changes were proposed: tion and structure o f the Secretariat, w ill be put to the Board Present Statute I8B: and must be supported by its m ajority." An amendment to the Statutes which is passed with no votes 36. In discussion, Professor Togrol thought that som e re­ against by the Council shall come into effect from the date wording to deal with the potential premature termin a tio n of fixed by the Council". the Secretary General might be appropriate. However, there Proposed amended Statute 18B: were no further comments, and in a vote, 38 were in favour, "An amendment to the Statutes may be passed by a qu a lifie d 1 against and 2 abstained. Since changes to By-laws require majority o f three-quarters o f Council, voting in accordance only a simple majority o f Council, the motion was carried. with Statute 12K and By-law 12.K.1." Present Statute 18C: 37. The term o f appointment o f the Secretary General w as dealt with in By-law 10B.2 to which the President proposed an "Otherwise an amendment to the Statutes shall require a tw o - amendment as follows: thirds m ajority at two successive Council meetings." Present By-law 10B.2: Proposed amended Statute 18C: "The terms o f appointment o f the Secretary General shall be To be deleted. decided by the President in consultation with the Finance Present Statute 18D: and Budget Committee.” "Amendment to the By-laws shall be by a simple majo rity o f Proposed amended By-law 10B.2: the Council." "The term o f appointment w ill be 8 years from mid-term to Proposed Statute 18D: mid-term o f the ICSMGE. The name o f the incumbent Sec­ To be renumbered as Statute "18C". retary General could be included in the above mentioned Present Statute 121: proposal and discussed in the Appointment Committee along with other proposals. In exceptional circumstances, the in­ "Resolutions shall be carried by a simple majority o f those cumbent Secretary General may be reappointed, but his/her voting, except for those resolutions altering the Statutes or extended term o f office should be four years only." terminating membership, for which the assent o f at least two- thirds o f those voting is required." 38. Considerable discussion followed. Professor Wahls thought Proposed amended Statute 121: that the proposal was too restrictive, and that reference to "Motions shall be carried by a simple majority o f those v o t­ “exceptional circumstances” was unnecessary. Professor ing, except for those motions altering the statutes o r te rm i­ Steenfelt was also concerned with the effective lim itations nating membership, for which the assent o f at least three- on the length o f appointment. M r Irvine agreed, and thought quarters o f those voting is required." that it was unnecessary to lim it any extension o f appointment to only 4 years. In contrast, Professor Randolph and Profes­ 34. Council was reminded that the motions could be carried by a sor M air both thought it better to make the appointment for a two-thirds majority, since they had already been agreed b y a maximum of 8 years, so that there would be continued “new two-thirds majority at the Council Meeting held in H a m b u rg blood” in the appointment of the Secretary General. Dr on 7 September, 1997. There were no comments from C o u n ­ Leiper thought that simply stating that the period o f ap­ cil. The votes cast were 36 in favour, 1 against and 2 absten­ pointment would generally be 8 years would cover all views tions. The motion was therefore carried. expressed. M r Lundahl agreed stating that the usual period of appointment should be 8 years, and it should be recognised that this could be terminated if necessary. The Secretary AMENDMENT TO BY-LAW 10B.1 General, D r Parry, commented that it would be helpfu l to all to know the specific period o f appointment. There was some 35. The President introduced this item. He commented that since discussion as to whether or not Council was debating the taking office, he had overseen the selection o f a ne w Secre­ “terms o f employment” for the Secretary General, bu t it was tary General, and that he felt that it would now be a p p ro p ri­ concluded that this was not the case. Emerging from the dis­ ate to make some changes to the By-laws relating to this. cussion was the following: Changes to By-law 10B.1 were notified in the agenda c irc u ­ lated, but he realised that in fact his proposed am endm ents

2848 Revised proposed amendment to By-law I OB. 2: ESTABLISHMENT OF YOUNG GEOTECHNICAL "The terms o f appointment o f the Secretary General shall be ENGINEERS' AWARD. decided by the President in consultation with the Finance and Budget Committee. The period o f appointment w ill be 8 43. Professor Randolph introduced the procedure o f this awards years from mid-term to mid-term o f the ICSMGE. The nam e scheme. It had been discussed by the Board on the p re vio u s of the incumbent Secretary General could be included in the day, and details of the scheme are given in Appendix 10. above mentioned proposal and discussed in the Appoin tm e n t Eligible candidates for an award must be less than 36 years Committee along with other proposals. The incumbent Sec­ o f age in the year o f the quadrennial International C o n fe r­ retary General may be reappointed, but their extended term ence and the basis o f the award is a paper publishe d in tha t of office should be four years only." conference or one o f the five Regional Conferences. T h e key deciding factor w ill be the technical merit o f the pu b lish e d 39. When put to the ballot, 31 votes were cast in fa v o u r, 8 work. A review committee w ill be established in the B o a rd against and 2 abstained. The motion was therefore carried. and a timetable had been devised which would allow the awards scheme to be implemented for the X V ICSMGE, Is­ tan bul. 46. In discussion, concerns were raised by M r Smith and Profes­ MOTION TO BE PUT TO THE MEETING BY THE sor Wahls on the age lim it. However, Professor Rand olph GERMAN MEMBER SOCIETY TO AMEND ISSMGE thought the scheme as devised should be tried out first before STATUTE 3D. considering changes. Dr Cavounidis asked if the award scheme could apply only to papers with a sole author. P ro­ 40. The President introduced this item, and reminde d C o u n c il fessor Randolph explained that in multiple authored papers, that since it had been carried by a two-thirds majo rity at the the contribution o f the candidate needed to be confirm e d . O n previous Council meeting, then another vote o f two-th ird s in a show o f hands, Council gave the awards scheme general favour would carry the motion. approva l. Present Statute 3D: "The official languages shall be used in the proceedings and RELATIONS WITH ISRM, IAEG AND OTHER plenary technical sessions o f an International Conferen ce". INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS. Proposed amended Statute 3D: "The official languages should be used in the proceedings 47. The Secretary General presented a brief report on activities and sessions o f an International Conference. The language o f with other Societies, which is included in Appendix 11. the host country may also be used for oral presentations and ISSMGE continued to be an affiliated member o f the In te r­ discussions as an unofficial language, if the host country so national Union o f Geological Sciences. The Presidents and wishes, and if simultaneous translations are provid e d . T he Secretaries General o f the three Sister Societies, IS S M G E , costs for these simultaneous translations have to be bo m e by ISRM and IAEG, had met during the course of the Hard the host country and shall not be charged to the re gistration Soils - Soft Rocks conference in Naples in 1998 and co m ­ fees". mon areas o f interest had been identified as education , la n d ­ slides and ancient monuments. It was agreed that the S ocie­ 41. In discussion, Professor Steenfelt explained th at he had been ties should cooperate as much as possible, and officers o f the against the amendment when it had been debated prev io u s ly . Sister Societies would meet again during the GeoEng20 00 He went further to state that the introduction of the ho st conference. country language, as had been allowed at the X IV IC S M G E , had not been successful and that this reinforced his view that the amendment should be voted out He also considered tha t M ANUAL FOR PREPARATION OF TECHNICAL PAPERS. permitting an unofficial language could burden conference organisers with significant costs that might prove difficult to 48. Following the proposal by the Israeli Member Society at the cover. 1997 Council Meeting, Professor Bogossian had prepared a draft manual, which with some amendments by Professor 42. Professor W ittke explained that the official languages would Taylor had been presented for comment to the Board. P ro­ remain English and French, but that the introductio n o f an fessor Taylor explained that the revised manual, no w in ­ unofficial language would give greater freedom to the c o n ­ cluded in Appendix 12, was not intended to be prescrip tiv e , ference organisers. He also stated that this was no t really a since publishers o f Proceedings w ill generally wish to retain “German” issue since the German Member Society would their house-style. However, it was hoped that it wo u ld a llo w not be hosting another International Conference for som e reasonable consistency to be achieved within ISSMGE p u b­ time. Professor Ilyichev expressed his opinion that in tro d u c ­ lications. The guidelines, as presented by Professor T a y lo r, tion o f the local language could be helpful. were generally welcomed by Council, and it was agreed tha t they should be made available via the web-site in due course. 43. Professor Jamiolkowski thought that introductio n o f another language was against the philosophy o f the Internatio n a l Conferences. Also, translation o f technical terms w as alm o st AUDITED ACCOUNTS 1997, 1998 impossible, and the potential introduction o f another la n ­ guage into a conference would increase the difficultie s o f 49. The Secretary General reported that the ISSMGE audited ac­ conference participants understanding translated discussion. counts for 1997 (Appendix 13) showed a decrease in cash Thus it would be unlikely to encourage foreign delegates to balance o f CHF59823 in the Credit Suisse account and a net attend. Professor Togrol agreed, and thought that the in tro ­ surplus o f GBP28722 in the UK accounts. Assuming GBP 1 duction o f a third language would not actually help discus­ = CHF2.4 this indicated an overall increase of GBP3796 . sion. Though this may seem reasonable, it should be noted tha t in the 1997 accounting year GBP16762 was received from the 44. When put to the ballot, 4 votes were cast in favo u r, 36 Hamburg ICSMGE and the costs o f printing and postin g the against and 1 abstained. The motion was therefore lost. 1997 list o f members would appear in the 1998 accounts. In

2849 comparing actual and budgeted receipts and expenditu re, the gradual deficit and Professor M air stated that alth o u g h this main differences to note were Member Society Income could be seen in the short term as a reasonable use o f the ac­ which was GBP18333 less than budget, interest received cumulated funds o f the Society, the position would need to which was GBP4S8S more than budget and travel expen d i­ be stabilised by either increased income or reduced expen­ ture which was GBP7829 less than budget. In the Extra o rd i­ d itu re . nary items. Corporate Member subscriptions were GBP 2961 less than budget and Conference Income was GBP3238 less 54. In discussion. Dr Cavounidis argued for more financial sup­ than budget. port for the European YGEC to be held in Santorini, Greece in September 1999. He argued that this should be fo rth c o m ­ 50. The ISSMGE audited accounts for 1998 (Appendix 13) ing since it had been possible to budget for increased funding showed a decrease o f CHF115331 in the Credit Suisse ac­ to YGEC 2000. However, the Secretary General pointe d out count and an increase of GBP50433 in the UK accounts, that YGEC 2000 was a special one-off International event which assuming GBP1 = CHF2.285 gives an overall increase for which increased expenditure was justified and had been of GBP40. The significant changes in the balances arose agreed. M r Rathmayer wondered why the anticipated mem ­ from a recommendation by Professor M air that a large p ro ­ bership had been kept constant. The Secretary General re­ portion o f the Swiss funds should be transferred to U K one- plied that increased membership o f the Society was the re­ year Treasury Deposits. Interest on these deposits w o u ld be sponsibility of Member Societies. Professor Van Imp e noted received in 1999. In comparing accounts for the years 1997 that there was an increase in cost o f the Secretariat compared and 1998, it was noted that Member Society subscrip tio n s o f to the Budget agreed at the 1997 Council meeting. Professor GBP80467 were well up on the 1997 figure of GP64867, M air confirmed that this was the case, and that it reflected probably as a result o f receipt o f back payments and changes the change in Secretariat that had been agreed by the Board in the exchange rates o f GBP to CHF. Ordinary expen d itu re subsequent to the Council Meeting. M r Day proposed ac­ in 1998 was GBP63728 compared with GBP71954 in 1997, ceptance of the Budget, and reflected that the way to in­ largely as a result o f reduced expenditure on offic e eq uip­ crease membership would be by increasing activities and ment, photocopying, stationery, printing, postage and travel. new initiatives o f the Society. Professor Togrol agreed and Corporate Member subscriptions were low partly due to late seconded the proposal. Council expressed its approva l by a posting o f subscription notices. Conference support in 1998 show o f hands. was lower than in 1997, but the combined cost o f the N ew s and web-site was slightly higher in 1998 compared w ith 1997. The cost of printing and posting the 1997 Lis t o f INFORMAL MEETING OF MEMBER SOCIETY Members also appeared in the 1998 accounts, and the o v e ra ll REPRESENTATIVES IN MELBOURNE ON THE expenditure was then GBP 16310 in 1998 compared to OCCASION OF GEOENG2000 GBP 18439 in 1997. In comparison to the budget, Mem b e r Society subscriptions were slightly higher, and costs o f the 55. The Secretary General presented a short report concerning Secretariat were slightly lower. Travel costs o f GB P 1200 5 the possibility o f an informal meeting o f Council on the oc­ were substantially lower than the budgeted figure o f casion of the GeoEng2000 conference. The event was a G B P 2775 0. rather special occasion with the three Sister Societies repre­ sented, and it had been considered appropriate to have a 51. The accounts for 1997 were audited by Coopers and L y - meeting o f ISSMGE Member Society representatives during brand, Chartered Accountants and Registered Auditors , and the conference. Issues to be discussed could be the future di­ the accounts for 1998 were audited by Pricewaterhouse- rections o f the Society and ideas for new initiativ e s . A l­ Coopers, Chartered Accountants and Registered Audito rs . though there would be no obligation for Member Societies to send representatives, and no formal voting would take place, 52. Acceptance o f the accounts was proposed by Profe ssor G ra­ nevertheless there could be substantial forward-thin k in g dis­ ham and seconded by M r Day, and agreed by Council on a cussion on the activities o f the Society. The conference or­ show o f hands. ganisers had agreed to make the arrangements for such a meeting if it received Council support. This was indica ted by a show o f hands. BUDGET 1999-2002

53. Professor M air presented the budget he had prepared, and ANY OTHER BUSINESS which is included as Appendix 14. The budget was sim ila r to previous years and Professor M air concentrated on the m a in 56. The President announced that the issue o f reduced registra­ differences. A 12.5% increase in subscription rate w as p ro ­ tion fees for certain delegates attending ISSMGE confer­ posed for the year 2002, and it was noted that this would be ences had been discussed by the Board. A set o f guidelines the first increase since 1991. The new initiative o f the w eb­ had been drawn up, which are presented in Appendix 15, and site was seen as important and expenditure o f GBP90 0 0 in it was hoped that conference organisers would find these 1999 and GBP8000 in subsequent years was proposed. The useful. cost o f the Secretariat was similar to previous years tho u g h some extra expense would be incurred in transferrin g the 57. Professor Togrol expressed the appreciation o f C o u n c il to Secretariat from Cambridge to London. On the Extrao rd in a ry the Netherlands Member Society for their arrangements o f Budget, Professor M air noted that the subscriptions fro m facilities for the Council meeting. Corporate Members were not particularly high, and th a t th is was being considered by the Board. The costs o f SGI L in e were in accordance with the agreement between ISSMG E DATE AND VENUE OF NEXT MEETING and SGI. Conference Support in 2000 included a numb e r o f travel bursaries for nominated delegates to YGEC 20 0 0 fro m 58. The next meeting o f Council w ill take place on 26 August developing countries. The Newsletter and Francophone b u l­ 2001 in Istanbul on the occasion o f the X V ICSMGE. letins would be transferred to the web-site and pub lication in hardcopy form would cease in 2001. The budget showed a

2850 A PPRECIATION FOR THE OUTGOING SECRETARY APPENDIX 1 - MEMBER SOCIETIES AND MEMBERSHIP GENERAL, DR R H G PARRY, BY THE PRESIDENT ISSMGE membership on 5 January, 1999 was 16214 in 71 Member Societies compared to 16763 members in 71 Me m b e r 59. The President noted that this would be the last me e tin g at Societies on 10 May, 1997 as reported to the Council M e e tin g which the Secretary General, Dr Pany, would attend as an held in Hamburg on 7 September, 1997. The most noticeable officer o f the Society. D r Parry had served as Secretary G en­ drops in membership were India from 430 to 225, South East eral since 1981, and the President wished to express his per­ Asia 406 to 230 and the United States 3386 to 3108. Significant sonal appreciation, and that o f the Society, for all Dr Parry increases in membership were shown by Australia 432 to 603, had achieved over the years. He had served 3 Presidents w h o Brazil 242 to 321 and Slovenia 31 to 127. had relied heavily on him for sound advice. Dr Parry had been fully committed to the future o f the Society and had Member Societies with membership payments four years o r displayed superb diplomatic skills in difficult situations. He more in arrears are: Ghana, Kenya, Latvia and Nigeria , Peru, had played a particularly important role in promotin g geo­ Yugoslavia and Zimbabwe. technical engineering in developing countries. The fu ll te x t of the President’s appreciation to D r Pany is given in A p ­ Corporate Membership has dropped from 25 to 23. L & M G eo- p e n d ix 16. technic Pte Ltd, Singapore and TPL - Technologie Pro g e tti L a ­ vori S.p.A, Italy are no longer Corporate Members. 60. In reply, D r Parry expressed his thanks to the President and to the 4 Past Presidents with whom he had worked. H e ex­ pressed his appreciation for the support and genero sity o f the ISSMGE CORPORATE MEMBERS Society as a whole, which he had enjoyed working with and contributing to over the years. He mentioned partic ularly the Agra Earth & Environmental Ltd, Canada important changes in focus o f the Society introduce d b y P ro ­ Apagéo-Segelm, France fessor V de Mello, the first President he had served. H e Bauer Spezialtiefbau GmbH, Germany thanked Mrs Amy Cobb, his secretary for many years, fo r China Engineering Consultants Inc, Taiwan her support and assistance, and Cambridge University fo r China Harbour Engineering Company, Hong Kong their provision o f the office for the Secretariat. Concrete Engineering Products Bdh, Malaysia

ISSMGE MEMBERSHIP TABLE - 5 January, 1999

Member Societies No. Members Africa Asia Australasia Europe North America South America

Argentina 44 44 Australia 603 603 A ustria 89 89 Azerbaijan 13 13 Bangladesh 33 33 B elgium 70 70 B o liv ia 13 13 B razil 321 321 B ulgaria 52 52 Canada 889 889 C hile 53 53 C hina 106 106 C olom bia 37 37 Costa R ica 58 58 C roatia 126 126 CTGA 14 14 Czech & Slovak Republics 43 43 Denm ark 275 275 Ecuador 24 24 -E gyp t 20 20 Estonia 30 30 Finland 177 177 France 746 746 Germany 1517 1517 Ghana 33 33 Greece 158 158 H ungary 84 84 Iceland 10 10 Inda 225 225 Indonesia 70 70 Iran 58 58 Ireland 32 32 Israel 74 74 Italy 262 262

2851 Japan 1327 1327 K azakhstan 18 18 K e n ya 21 21 K o re a n R 146 146 L a ta v ia 31 31 L ith u a n ia 40 40 M e x ic o 180 180 M o ro c c o 12 12 N epa l 15 15 Netherlands 325 325 New Zealand 238 238 N ig e ria 58 58 N o rw a y 335 335 Pakistan 80 80 Paraguay 17 17 Peru 25 25 P oland 128 128 P ortu gal 181 181 R om a nia 53 53 R ussia 235 235 S lo ve n ia 127 127 South Africa 506 506 S E A s ia 250 250 S pain 230 230 Sri Lanka 34 34 Sudan 25 25 Sw eden 517 517 Switzerland 264 264 S yria 17 17 T u n is ia 10 10 T u rk e y 181 181 UK 945 945 USA 3108 3108 Venezuela 26 26 V ie tn a m 18 18 Yugoslavia 29 29 Zimbabwe 103 103 T O T A L 16214 802 2471 841 7305 4 1 77 618

Dredging International NV, Belgium The CTGA (Comité Transnational de Géotechnique de l'A fr i­ Entrecanales y Tavora SA, Spain que) had held the General Meeting in Mauritania, 12 N ovem ber Fujita Corporation Technical Research Institute, Japan 1998. The new President is M. ABAG A from Gabon, and the GEI Consultants Inc, USA General Secretary is M. CHAMOU from Morroco (LPEE). The Geo-Research Institute, Japan next meeting w ill be held in South Africa at the same tim e as the Golder Associates Inc, USA Regional Conference. Harza Engineering Company, USA The CAG (Comité Algérien de Géotechnique) held a Con­ Keller Group Limited, UK stituent General Meeting on 9 February 1999 and a new com­ Kiso-Jiban Consultants Co Ltd, Japan mittee has been formed. The formalities are taking their course Klohn-Crippen Consultants Ltd, Canada in order to come into ISSMGE Membership. Monenco AGRA Inc, Canada PROTEKT, Ukraine (b) Asian Region. Sang-Kyu Kim Sinotech Engineering Consultants Inc, Taiwan Soletanche Enterprise, France Introduction STS Engineering Consultants Co Ltd, Thailand Terre Armée Internationale, France Currently the Asian region o f ISSMGE has 15 member societies, Tokyu Construction Co Ltd, Japan but each society is greatly different in its founda tional history. For example, the Indian Geotechnical Society held its Golden Jubilee event in December, 1998 and the Japanese Geotechnical APPENDIX 2 - REGIONAL REPORTS BY VICE- Society w ill celebrate the 50th anniversary o f its establishment in PRESIDENTS July o f this year. The Kazakhstan National Geotechn ical Society is the newest member which joined ISSMGE just three years ago. Depending on the differences in their historic al establish­ ment, each geotechnical society is likely to engage in different (a) African Region. HEjjaaouani activities in the field o f geotechnical engineering. The X II Regional Conference of Africa w ill be held in D urban, Some member societies in the Asian region have not reported 25-27 September, 1999. The Organising Committee has received anything to the vice-president during the last two years. Some 120 abstracts. have not given timely replies concerning their activities. There­

2852 fore, I cannot help but to exclude activity reports for those coun­ Sang-Kyu Kim , Vice President Asia, ISSMGE graced the o c ­ tries in this report. Fortunately, I had the opportunity to visit casion with his presence. Prof. A. Sridharan, President, IG S three member societies in 1998; namely, the Chinese G e o te ch n i­ and Dr. K. S. Rao, Honorary Secretary, IGS addressed the cal Society, the Southeast Asian Geotechnical Society, and the Conference. Indian Geotechnical Society. Those visits were very helpful to The Twentieth IGS Annual lecture, which was delivere d me in learning what they are doing to enhance our dis c ip lin e . by Prof. (Dr.) N. Som, an eminent Professor of C ivil E n g i­ neering, Jadavpur University, Calcutta, India on “ B raced E x ­ Conferences, Symposium, and Seminars cavation in Soft-clay-Experiences o f Calcutta Metro C o n ­ struction”. The above Annual lecture was printed and CHINA circulated during the Conference. The proceedings o f the IGC-98 were also published during the Conference. The Conferences and Seminars Golden Jubilee functions o f Indian Geotechnical Society w ere also held and eminent geotechnical engineers were honoured. 1. The 2nd International Conference on Unsaturated S oils was The Annual General Session o f the Indian Geotechnical S o ci­ held in Beijing, August 27-30, 1998. 126 Representatives ety was also held along with the Conference. from 24 countries and regions attended the conference. 146 The next Annual General Conference viz, IGC-99 is papers were included in the proceedings vol. 1, three keynote scheduled to be held at Calcutta from December 17-19, 1999. lectures and three the-state-of-the-art reports were delivered. 2. The 5tb National Conference on Ground Improvemen t T re a t­ ing was held in Wuyisan, Fujian province, January 1998. 200 Activities of Local Chapter of IGS Attendees jointed the conference. 60 Papers were inc lu d e d in the proceedings. IGS-Allahabad Chapter: National Conference on “Geoenviron- 3. The Conference on the Engineering Technology of P ile - ment - Characterization, Analysis, Design and Practice” held on foundation for High-rise Building was held in Zhang jia jie , 9-10 A pril 1998. Hunan province, September 22-26, 1998. There were 92 rep­ IGS-Bangaloe Chapter. National Seminar on “Recent Accom­ resentatives attended the conference. 51 Papers were included plishments and Future Trends in Geotechnical Engine e rin g ” on in the proceedings. 23-24 October 1998; Seminar on “ Black Cotton Soils; P roblem s 4. The Conference on the Soil Test Standard and Data Process­ and Practices” ; Workshop on “ Review of I.S. Code of P ractice ing Technology was held in Shanghai, December 8 -1 0 , Relating to Shallow Foundations and Pile Foundation s” held on 1998. 88 Representatives attended the conference. 60 Papers 21-22 August 1998. were included in the proceedings. IGS-Baroda Chapter. Lectures: Prof. Piyush Parikh Memorial 5. The 3rd National Youth Conference on Geotechnics w as he ld Lecture for 1998 by Prof. Ryozo Yonekura o f Tokyo U niversity; in Nanjing in A pril 1998. 98 Representatives attended. 90 Pa­ Shri G.G. Dhanak Memorial Lecture for 1998 “ Importa n t A s ­ pers were included in the proceedings. pects o f Tunnelling o f Konkan Railway Project” by Sh. S hashi- 6. The Conference on Soft-Ground-Improvement for Freew ay kant Limaye, Chief Engineer and Co-ordinator, Konka n R a ilw a y was held in W uxi, Jiangsu province, November 30 - D ecem ­ Corpn., Pune; M/s Light Weight Aggregate Lecture “P ractica l ber 3, 1998. 150 Representative attended the conference. 58 Problems for Piling in Marine Clay and Weathered Rocks - Papers were included in the proceedings. Some Case Studies “ by Shri D.V. Karandikar; Prof. O.H. Patel 7. The 8lh National Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotech­ Memorial Lecture - “Global Scenario of Irrigation P rojects of nical Engineering to be held in Nanjing in October 1999 is Asian Countries” by Shri B.J. Parmar, Secretary NW R D , G ovt, under preparation. of Gujarat. Seminars/Workshops: Seminar on Construc tio n Problems and Remedial Measures in Pile Foundation; In d ia n INDIA Geotechnical Conference -1997 on “ Geotechnical Engin e e rin g - Theory and Practices” ; Workshop on Geotechnical Professional Geotechnical Activities P ractice. IGS-Calcutta Chapter. Lectures: Lecture on “Rehabilitation of The Indian Goetechnical Society celebrated its Golden Jubilee Dams by Special Grouting Technique - Case Studies” ; Le cture during the year 1998. A year long technical activities plan was on “Large Diameter Bored Piles and Ground Improveme n t by drawn up beginning with Indian Geotechnical Conferen ce-9 7 Vibroflotation and Stone Columns” ; Lecture on “Application of (1GC-97) at Baroda and with a grand finale o f the celebration Jet Grout in C ivil Engineering”. Workshop (one-day) on “ Sub­ with IGC-98 at New Delhi during 7-10th December 1998. A ll the soil Exploration in Soft Soils” . Seventeen Local Chapters o f IGS spread throughout the country IGS-Chennai Chapter. Lectures: “ Prediction and Performance o f also jo in e d in c o n d u ctin g W o rksh o p s and Sem inars. Foundations with Defective Piles” ; “Computer Aided D esign in Foundation Engineering”. Seminar/Workshop: Seminar on 1. Biennial Election o f New office bearers and Exec u tiv e C o m ­ “ Geotechnical Practice - A Scenario” ; “ Design and C onstruction mittee o f IGS for the term 1999-2000. The election w as he ld o f Foundations and Problematic Soils” . as per schedule during 1998 and new office bearers and E x ­ IGS-Delhi Chapter. Seminar/Workshop: Workshop on “Geo­ ecutive Committee have been elected for the term 1999-2000. technical Professional Practices” ; Golden Jubilee C onference of The following are in principal office bearers for the term Indian Geotechnical Society and Indian Geotechnical C o n fe r- 1999-2000: President: Prof. N. Som; Honorary Secretary: D r. ence-98 held on 7-10 December 1998. K S. Rao IGS-Hyderabad Chapter. Seminar/Workshop: Terzaghi-98 Birth Anniversary Celebrations on 2 October 1998. 2. IGS-Delhi Chanpter Hosted the Annual Conference o f IG C - IGS-Indore Chapter. Lecture on “Remote Sensing and its Appli­ 1998 and Golden Jubilee Celebrations (7-10 Dec. 1998). The cation” . National Seminar on “Case Studies in Geotechnical En­ main theme o f the Conference were: Engineering Properties g in e e rin g of Soils; Foundations; Ground Improvement; Geosynthetics; IGS-Kakinada Chapter. Invited Lectures, and Seminar on “ Deep Rock Mechanics; Case Histories. Special themes were: G eo­ Foundations” . technical Practices; Geotechnical Education. The Conference IGS-Kanpur Chapter. National Workshop on “Reinforcement of was inaugurated by the Honourable M inister for Petro leum & Ground and Slopes” Natural Gases, Govt, o f India, Mr. V. K. Ramamurthy. P rof. IGS-Mumbai Chapter. Seminar on “Ground Improvement” .

2853 IGS-Roorkee Chapter. Lecture on Vastu-Shastra in Construction 272 participants. Volume 1 o f the Proceedings contained 147 by Dr. V.V.S. Rao, Managing Director, Nagadi Consultants, papers, and Volume 2 including four suggested testin g manu­ New Delhi. Workshops on “Design Practices in Earthquake als is under preparation. Geotechnical Engineering” by Department o f C ivil En gineering, 2. TC-9, Geosynthetics and Earth Reinforcement: E-m ailing list Roorkee University; “Role of Policy Makers in Lands lid e H a z­ for TC9 and its four subcommittees has been set up. TC9 ard Management” sponsored by DST, New Delhi. meeting w ill take place during the 12lh European Conference IGS-Surathkal Chapter. Lecture on “Analysis o f Landslides” by on SMGE in June 1999. TC9-coordinated special session on Prof. G. Venkatachalam, IIT-Bombay. Seminars/Worksh ops: Earth Reinforcement w ill take place at the 1 l lh AR C , Seoul in “Current Topics o f Geotechnical/Civil Engineering” by student August 1999. The preparation o f the 4th Internation a l Sym po­ participants; Inter-collegiate Student Seminar; National Seminar sium on Earth Reinforcement Practice (IS-Kyushu 200 1 ) is in on “ Recent Developments in Geotechnical Engineering ” ; S em i­ progress. nar on “ Geosynthetics Materials and its Application s” ; Confer­ 3. TC-13, Mechanics o f Granular Materials: A textbo ok entitled ence on “ Recent Advances in C ivil Engineering” . “ Introduction to Mechanics o f Granular materials” w ill soon IGS-Visakhapatnam Chapter. Workshop on “Case Studies in be published from Balkema. Geotechnical Engineering” . 4. TC-29, Stress-Strain Testing o f Geo-materials in the Labora­ IGS-Warangal Chapter.Expert Lectures by Dr. N.V. Nayakm tory: Geotechnique Symposium in Print cosponsored by The Executive Director, Gammon India Ltd. Institution of Civil Engineers, UK and TC-29 was held in London on 4 September 1997. A whole issue o f Geotech­ Major Projects in the Country nique Vol. 47 No. 3, together with the second volum e , was Big projects such as Tala hydro-electric project have been un­ dedicated to the theme. The Second International Sym posium dertaken in the country. M ajor projects are numbered 52. C a l­ on Pre-failure Deformation Characteristics o f Geomaterials cutta Metro and Konkan Railway Projects are under con struc­ w ill be held in Torino during 27-29 September 1999 under tion. And also Eleven underground power houses are un d e r the auspices o f TC-29 and the Italian Geotechnical Society. construction. 5. TC-30, Coastal Geotechnical Engineering: The preparation of International Symposium on Coastal Geotechnical Engineer­ JAPAN ing in Practice (iS-Yokohama 2000) is in progress. 6. Asian TC 3 on Geotechnology for Natural Hazards: “ Manual Conferences and Symposia for Zonation on Rain-induced Slope Failure” was published in July 1997. An international Workshop is to be he ld around 1. International Symposium on Deformation and Progressive the date o f the 11lh ISSMGE Asian Regional Conference in Failure in Geomechanics (IS-Nagoya ’97) was held in N a ­ 1999. goya during October 4-7, 1997. Two hundred and seventeen 7. Asian TC 8 on Groundwater Environment and Quality Man­ participants attended and the Proceedings contain 136 papers. agement: This technical committee has been established for 2. International Conference CENTRIFUGE 98 (IS-Tokyo ’ 9 8 ) the terms o f 1998-2001. Chair: Professor M . Nishiga k i, with was held in Tokyo during September 23-25, 1998. Two h u n ­ JGS being host society. dred and seventy two participants attended and the Proceed­ 8. Asian TC 9 on Protection of Cultural Heritage Sites from ings contain 147 papers. Landslides: This technical committee has been established for 3. International Symposium on Problematic Soils (IS -T o h o k u the term o f 1998-2001. Chair: Professor K. Sassa, w ith JGS ’98) was held in Sendai during October 28-30, 1998. T w o being host society. hundred and ninety participants attended and the Proceedings contain 173 papers. Publications 4. Third Asian Young Geotechnical Engineers Conferen ce on Geotechnical Engineering in Asia - 2000 and Beyond was 1. Manual for Zonation on Rain-induced Slope Failure (81 pp.) held under the joint sponsorship o f SEAGS and JGS in S in ­ was published in July 1997. gapore during May 14-16, 1997. Ninety-two participa n ts at­ 2. Special Issue No. 2 o f Soils and Foundations on Geotechnical tended. Aspects o f the January 17, 1995 Hyogoken-Nambu Earth­ 5. The following Conferences and Symposia are under prepara­ quake w ith 16 papers was published in September 1998. tio n : • International Symposium on Geotechnical Aspects o f U n d e r­ KAZAKHSTAN ground Construction in Soft Ground (IS-Tokyo ’99) in T o k y o during July 19-21, 1999. Regional Conferences and Symposia • International Symposium on Slope Stability Engine e rin g : Geotechnical and Geo-environmental Aspects (IS-Shik o k u The Kazakhastan National Geotechnical Society held the Na­ ’99) in Matsuyama, during November 8-11, 1999. tional Conference on May 1997 at Euroasian University at Ak- • International Symposium on Coastal Geotechnical E n g in e e r­ mola. Foreign participants attended the Conference. ing in Practice (IS-Yokohama 2000) in Yokohama, durin g September 20-22, 2000. Other activities: • International Symposium on Suction, Swelling, Perm e a b ility and Structure o f Clays (IS-Shizuoka 2001) in Shizuoka, d u r­ 1. Prof. Zhusupbekov A.Z. and Associate Professor Dussem- ing January 11-13, 2001. baev I.N. attended the International Conference on Geotech­ • International Symposium on Modem Tunnelling Science and nical and M ining Measurements, which was held in Woolon- Technology (IS-Kyoto 2001) in Kyoto, from October 30 to gong, Australia in June, 1998. Professor Zhusupbeko v A.Z. November 1, 2001. worked as a member o f the International Advisory Com m it­ • Fourth International Symposium on Earth Reinforce m e n t tee o f this Conference. Practice (IS-Kyushu 2001) in Fukuoka, during mid No v e m ­ 2. Prof.Zhusupbekov A.Z. and his Ph D student Jusupbekova ber 2001. V.V. attended NATO-workshop, which was held in Mangalia. Technical Committee Activities Romania in July, 1998. 3. Prof. Zhusupbekov A.Z. visited Istanbul Technical University

1. TC-2, Centrifuge Testing: International Conference, Centri­ and Sakaria University in Turkey to give keynote lectures in fuge ’98, was held in Tokyo, 23-25 September 1998, w ith M a y , 1998.

2854 4. Prof. Bozhanov E.T., Associate Prof. Dussembaev I.N ., and “Geotechnical Aspects in Site Selection” on Novembe r 26, 1998 Prof. Zhusupbekov A.Z. visited Sendai in Japan to attend the at Lahore, Pakistan, in which ten papers were presented. International Conference on Problematic Soils, whic h was held at Senday in Japan during October 28-30, 1998. P rof. SOUTHEAST ASIA Zhusupbekov A.Z. delivered a lecture at M eiji Unive rs ity at Kawasaki in Japan for Ph D students at Department o f A g r i­ 1. Dr. John C. Li becomes the president o f SEAGS. Dr. John C. culture. The title o f lecture was "Ground-foundatio n s b y us­ Li, the vice-chairman o f the Public Construction Co m m issio n ing microwave power." o f Taiwan, becomes the president o f SEAGS for the p e rio d 1999-2001. Educated in National Cheng Kung University and KOREA Michigan State University. Dr. Li was a former professo r o f the National Central University.

The following Conferences and Symposia were held: 2. 14lh SEAGC in Hong Kong. The 14lh SEAGC w ill be he ld in 1. KGS(Korean Geotechnical Society) Spring ’97 Natio n a l C o n ­ Hong Kong in 2001 and w ill be hosted by the Hong Ko n g In ­ ference was held on May 28, 1997. Two keynote lectures stitution of Engineers (KKIE). Further details w ill be an­ were delivered by Prof. Myung-Mo Kim and Prof. Jung-In nounced at a later time. Lee 3. SEAGS Journal. Starting this year the SEAGS Journal w ill have three issues a year instead o f two as was done fo r the 2. KGS Fall ’97 National Conference was held during M a y 2 4 - last 28 years. Eventually, the Society aims in prov iding quar­ 25, 1997. Two keynote lectures were delivered by Pro f. Sang- terly issues o f the journal. Kyu K im and Prof. M iura o f Saga University in Japan. 4. C ivil and Environmental Engineering Conference N e w F ro n ­ 3. KGS Spring ’98 National Conference was held on M a rc h 28, tiers and Challenges, 8-12 November 1999. A C ivil and E n v i­ 1998. Two keynote lectures were delivered by Prof. H ansbo ronmental Engineering Conference w ill be held from 8 -12 in Sweden and Prof. Byung-Ki Park November 1999 in Bangkok on the occasion o f the 40th Y e a r 4. KGS Fall ’98 National Conference was held during N o v e m ­ Anniversary o f AIT. There are five main themes in the C o n ­ ber 6-7, 1998. Two keynote lectures were delivered b y P ro f. ference, namely: Water Engineering Management, Stru ctu ra l Soo-Il K im and Prof. E iji Yanagisawa o f Japan. Engineering and Construction, Transportation Engine erin g, Geotechnical and Geo-environmental Engineering and E n v i­ The Korean Geotechnical Society has 13 national technical ronmental Engineering. Keynote Lectures in Geotechn ical committees. Each committee holds frequent seminars, in v itin g Engineering w ill be given by Prof. Kenji Ishihara, presiden t experts from home and abroad. During last two years 15 sem i­ o f ISSMGE and Dr. Za-Chieh Moh. Over 100 papers were nars have been held. accepted in the Geotechnical and Geo-environment En g i­ neering theme. 1. Information-Oriented Construction and Ground Exc a va tio n 5. Dr. Tan Swan Beng Memorial Symposium. The Dr. Tan Technical Seminar on May 9, 1997 Swan Beng Memorial Symposium w ill be held in Singapore 2. In-situ application for H-piles on August 29, 1997 from 18-19 March 1999. The Symposium is organized to 3. Rock mechanics technical seminar on November 19, 1997 honor Dr. Tan Swan Beng for his outstanding contrib u tio n to 4. Dredging and environmental reclamation on Novemb e r 22, the Engineering Profession. The main theme for the S ym po­ 1997 sium is “Excellence in Infrastructure Engineeing” . D r. Tan 5. Soil improvement technical seminar on November 27, 1997 was a past-president o f the Southeast Asian Geotechn ical So­ 6. Geo-synthetics technical seminar on November 28,1 9 9 7 c ie ty. 7. The optimum design and construction technology im p ro v e ­ 6. Symposia and Conferences (1996-1998): Rock Engine e rin g ment plan for steel pipe piles Symposium, Taipei, December 1996; Conference on Re­ 8. Ground investigation technical seminar on February 26, search Advances in Soft Soil Engineering, IEM Sarawak, 1998 Malaysia, March 1997; Third Asian Young Geotechnica l E n­ 9. Information-oriented construction and tunnel tech n o lo g y gineers, Singapore, May 1997; Seventh Conference on C u r­ seminar on March 20, 1998 10. in-situ ground investigation technology develop ment on June rent Researches in Geotechnical Engineering, Chi-Sha n, T a i­ wan, August 1997; Thirtieth Year Anniversary Symposiu m o f 20, 1998 11. Dredging and reclamation technology seminar on Septem ber SEAGS on Deep Foundations, Excavations, Ground Im­ 25, 1998 provement and Tunneling, Bangkok, Thailand, Novembe r 12. Mechanizational construction and ventilation equipm e nt fo r 1997; Thirteenth Society Conference held in Taipei, R O C , tunnel on November 20, 1998 16-20 November 1998 - key lecturers were Prof. Ralph B. 13. Pile foundation for in-situ practicing engineers on November Peck, T.W. Lambe, Kenji Ishihara and Michele Jamiolk o w - 2 8 ,1 9 9 8 ski, and additional lectures were given by Prof. K.Y . Y o n g , 14. Geo-synthetics technolgy seminar on December 4, 1998 Dr. Ting Wen Hui, Dr. Teerachart Ruenkrairergsa, Dr. A n ­ 15. In-situ test and foundation design for practising engineers on drew Malone and Dr. Richard Hwang. February 9, 1998 7. Short Courses and Workshops (1996-1997). Estimatio n o f Design Parameters for Soils and Rocks, Bangkok, Tha ila n d , The Korean Geotechnical Society has undertaken 21 research June 1996; Deformation o f Soils and Displacement o f S truc­ projects during last two years. The followings are key important tures, Bangkok, Thailand, November 19%; Geotechnical projects among them: A study on weak soil improveme n t in Analysis using CRISP-Program, Bangkok, Thailand, Fe bru­ Noksan National Industy Complex; A feasibility study on Deep ary 1997; Site Investigation with Geophysical Method s, excavation in Dokok Samsung Complex; Ground improve m e n t Bangkok, Thailand, May 1997. for Yangsan-Mulgum new town; W aterproof technique fo r tu n ­ 8. Participation in International Societies Affairs. The Society nel design consists o f three distinct groups: Soil Engineering , Engineer­ ing Geology and Rock Mechanics. These groups are affilia te d PAKISTAN with the International Society for Soil Mechanics and G eo­ technical Engineering (ISSMGE), the International A sso cia ­ Pakistan National Society of Soil Mechanics and Fou n d a tio n tion of Engineering Geology (IAEG), and the Interna tio n a l Engineering (PNSSMFE) held its 7tfl National Conference on Society for Rock Mechanics (ISRM). One completed ac tiv ity

2855 is the Fourteenth International Conferences for Soil Mechan­ Publications ics and Foundation Engineering held in Hamburg, Germ an y last 6-12 September 1997. From the Society, ten papers w ere Vietnam Geotechnical Journal was published for the firs t tim e in submitted and 20 members attended the Conference. Vietnam. Summary is written in English. The Paper E d ito r in Chief is Nguyen Truong Tien. SRI LANKA Asian Technical Committees Sri Lankan Geotechnical Society organized three one-day sem i­ nars in 1998 on following topics: Seminar on New British Code Four Asian Technical Committees were newly established during o f Practice for Design o f Earth Retaining Structures BS 8002 on 1998-2001. Now the Asian region has five Asian Technical 18th June 1998; Seminar on Earth Retaining Structures on 24th Committees as follows: September 1998; Seminar Workshop on Piled Raft Found ation ATC3: Geotechnology for Natural Hazard. Chair: Professor by Prof. H. G. Poulos on 30th November 1998: SLGS has also Takaji Kokusho, the Japanese Geotechnical Society held monthly lectures on afternoons for its members on number A T C 6 : Dam Safety Chair: Mr. Altaf-ur-Rahman, Pakistan o f different topics; SLGS has also made arrangements to h o ld a National Society o f Soil Mechanics and Foundation seminar jointly with the Japanese Geotechnical Society on “Zo- Engineering nation of Areas Susceptible to Rain Induced Slope Failure” on ATC 7: Thick Deltaic Deposits. Chair: Prof. Sang-Ky u Kim , M a y . 1999. the Korean Geotechnical Society A T C 8: Groundwater Environment and Quality Management. VIETNAM Chair: Prof. M. Nishigaki, the Japanese Geotechnical S ociety Conferences and Seminars ATC 9: Protection o f Cultural Heritage Sites from Landslides. Chair: Prof. K. Sassa, the Japanese Geotechnical Soci­ Vietnamese Geotechnical Society arranged the follow in g S em i­ e ty nar and Conference in co-operation with other organisations of V ie tn a m . Other important items 1. Japan-Vietnam Seminar on Geotechnical Engineerin g J V G E '96, 28-29 March 1996. More than 200 engineers and re­ 1. The Kazakhstan National Geotechnical Society asked to dis­ searchers attended the Seminar. 14 Lectures were giv e n by cuss in the board meeting on the possibility to reduce the speakers from Vietnam, Japan and Sweden on Soil Investiga­ registration fee for participants from former CIS republics, tion, Soil improvement, pile foundation, shallow fo u n d a tio n , when they attend to international conferences. retaining walls, slope stability, Dams, Gravity structures. 2. The Japanese Geotechnical Society w ill be celebrating its 50th 2. Design and construction of high rise buildings in H o C h i anniversary on July 1999, with a range o f special activities Minh City, January 1997. More than 300 engineers and re­ including the special invited lectures, the publica tio n o f a searchers attended the Seminar. The relevant topics are: de­ commemorative book and an international symposium (IS- sign and construction o f bored piles, prediction o f bearing ca­ Tokyo ’99). pacity o f pile, static load test, quality control, excavation and experiences from the design and construction o f fou ndation in (c) Australasian Region M F Randolph Ho Chi M inh City. 3. Seminar on geotechnical engineering experiences fro m S w e­ Introduction den was arranged in Hanoi by VGS on September 1998. 4. Two Seminars on Design Construction and Control o f B o re d The Australasian Region o f the ISSMGE comprises two M em ber Piles were done by VGS in Hanoi and Ho Chi M inh citie s on Societies, Australia and New Zealand, and also represents the August and October, 1998. activities o f the Society m the South Pacific. There is extensive geotechnical engineering activity in Papua New Guinea, F iji and Lecture and short courses: New Caledonia, but without any formal member societies or other coordinated associations. 1. Prof. Schofield, University o f Cambridge, Prof. M . G unn, South Bank University and Dr. R. Cahndler, Sage Eng in e e r­ Membership and Journals ing Ltd. delivered the lecture cm “Critical state S oil Mechan­ ics & Sage Crip” . From 27 to 30 January 1997, 70 partici­ Membership of both the Australian Geomechanics Society pants. (AGS) and the New Zealand Geotechnical Society (NZG S ) re­ 2. Prof. D.G. Fredlund, University o f Saskachewan, Canada, mains buoyant, with an increase in the AGS membership o f over delivered several lectures on Geoslope, unsaturated s o il and 10 % during the last year to about 900, o f whom jus t ove r 700 case record on failure o f foundation. are affiliated to ISSMGE. Membership o f the NZGS has risen to 3. Short course on Geotechnical and Environmental E n g in e e r­ over 400, with 260 affiliated to ISSMGE. In both societies, im­ ing. Short course of 10 days on Slope stability, Geo- proved membership databases including email contact have been environmental Engineering and Pile Foundations was g iv e n developed, enabling much closer communication to be main­ by Prof. D.G. Fredlund, Prof. Wilson, University of Sasa- tained with individual members. Australian Geomechanics has kachewan and Prof. N.T. Tien. The course was arranged by had a recent face-lift, with new Editor (Garry Mostyn) and in­ VGS in Hanoi on December 1997. creased publication rate (4 per year), with an increased emphasis 4. Short course on GEOLOPE. More than 70 participan ts fro m on technical articles. Publication o f Geomechanics N e w s (b y the universities, institutes, and companies. NZGS) remains at two issues per year, but with increased shar­ 5. Lecture on Unsaturated Soil by P rof D. G. Fredlu n d w as ar­ ing o f copy material between the two societies. ranged in Hanoi on December 1998. Conferences Standards T h e 1“ ANZ Conference on Environmental Geotechnics was held in Melbourne ia December 1997, and attracted 133 regis­ Pile Foundation (1996), Bored pile (1997) and Plate testin g trants. Keynote lectures were presented by P rof M Manassero (1 997). and M r I. Hosking, supported by eight theme lectures fro m in-

2856 temational experts. The proceedings contain 70 papers, and have plan for developing guidelines and is currently esta b lish in g been published by BaHcema. funding for this activity. The 3"1 ANZ Young Geotechnical Professionals Confer­ ence was held in Melbourne in February 1998, attended b y 28 (d) Europe - H Brandi invited participants and several senior members to give keynote lectures. The European region comprises 31 member societies, and the A very successful symposium, Roading Geotechnics 98, was number of their individual members is slightly increasing. held in A u c k la n d in J u ly 1998. The symposium attracted 170 Nearly all European member societies of ISSMGE organised participants, compared w ith a more usual 100 to 120. R oad and national/regional conferences, seminars, or special lectures, or pavement design in New Zealand is particularly topical at pres­ are going to do so - thus underlining their activities. The greatest ent because o f recent changes to design codes. national event was the German Baugrundtagung in Septem ber The Newcastle chapter o f AGS organised a 3-day semin a r on 1998 which was attended by 1200 persons from 10 cou ntries. Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology in the In May 1998 the X I Danube European Conference of IS S­ Hunter Valley, held at Newcastle University in July 1998. The MGE took place in Porec, Croatia, with the theme “ G eotechnical seminar attracted 72 delegates with 25 papers in the published Hazards” . This event attracted 350 delegates from 26 countries proceedings. and was a great success. The 8111 ANZ Geomechanics Conference was held in Hobart On September 7 to 11, 1998, the Third International C ongress in February 1999, organised by the Tasmanian chapter o f the on Environmental Geotechnics was held in Lisbon. On the occa­ Australian Geomechanics Society, chaired by David B rett. This sion o f this high-level conference Prof. Brandi proposed to pub­ regional conference was reduced to 3 days, in view o f the forth­ lish a “ Lisboa Declaration” . ISSMGE should forward a circular coming GeoEng 2000 next year. About 120 papers were ac­ letter to the national Ministers tor Environmental Affairs world cepted, and 175 delegates attended the conference. T h e them e o f wide, proposing the establishment o f a national “ Co mmission on the conference was ‘Consolidating Knowledge’, and plen ary Landfill” and a “Commission on Contaminated Site Rem edia­ lectures were presented by Professor Harry Poulos (Ke y n o te tion” as highest-ranking environmental commission in each Lecturer), M r David Coffey (AGS John Jaeger Medallis t) and country o f the world. These commissions should be responsible Mr Tim Sinclair (NZGS Geomechanics Lecturer). for regulations, final decisions on site selection, control o f criti­ Planning for GeoEng 2000, to be held in Melbourne, 19-24 cal designs, quality assurance, supervising o f cons truction & op­ November 2000, continues well. This conference is covered in a eration, long-term monitoring and safety control, and for detailed separate re p o rt fro m the conference C h a ir, M r M a x E rv in . reports & documentation. From an organisational point of view The 4lb ANZ Young Geotechnical Professionals Confer­ these two commissions could also be combined. Such c o m m is ­ ence w ill be held in Perth, 16-19lh February 2000, and planning sions would not only support the environmental protection but is proceeding well. The organising committee is chaired b y M r also improve the image o f ISSMGE. Phil Watson, and they have managed to raise substantia l spon­ Several European member societies o f ISSMGE have already sorship in order to keep the registration fee low. That conference been active in this respect and have started to con tact politicians. will be used to choose one or two delegates to attend the Inter­ On September 23 and 27, 1998, the 12lb European You n g national Young Geotechnics Conference in Southampton, late r Geotechnical Engineers’ Conference in Tallinn, Esto nia was at­ in 2000. tended by 32 young engineers who enjoyed the professional and The 9tb ANZ Geomechanics Conference is being planned cultural program very much. The next YGEC for European for Auckland in February 2004. members w ill be in Greece (Santorini) on 23 to 25 Septem ber 1999. The goal o f these conferences is to not only create a plat­ Awards form where the young engineers can present themselves but also to educate them and to inform them about the local history and Recent recipients for the various awards offered by AG S and cultu re. NZGS include: The following European Regional Technical Committees E H Davis Lecture Professor M ark Randolph have been re-installed: (AGS: 1997) Trollope Award (AGS:1998) Dr Hai-Sui Yu ETC1: Stabilization o f Landslides, Chairman: E. Alo n s o John Jaeger Memorial Medal M r David Coffey ETC2: Piles, Chairman: F.De Cock (AGS:1999) ETC7: Numerical methods in geotechnical engineering, Geomechanics Lecture M r Tim Sinclair Chairman: Ph. Mestat (NZGS: 1999): ETC9: Tunnelling and underground construction in soils ANZ Joint Societies' Award Dr N. Khalili and Dr and soft rocks, in urban environment. Chairman: W. (1999): M.H. Khabbaz W ittk e ETC 10: Evaluation committee for the application o f E C -7 , Web-sites Chairman: R Lancelotta ETC 11: Geotechnical aspects in pavement design and con­ Web-sites for both societies have been established through the struction, Chairman: G. Correia respective Institutions of Engineers, with addresses: ETC 12: Evaluating committee for the application o f E C -8, www.ieaust.org.au/societies/ags, and www.ipenz.org.nz/geotech. Chairman: A. An sal Links are included on the Australian web page to separate web­ ETC 14: Geotechnical problems related to dredging, C h a ir­ sites maintained by individual chapters o f the society. man: W. Van Impe

Group Activities Until now (10 February 1999) three of our Member Societies have officially introduced an invitation to host the next European There are 10 separate regions or chapters in the two member so­ Regional Conference of ISSMGE in 2003: Czech Republic, cieties, and these ty p ic a lly h o ld 8 to 10 technical meetings each France and Switzerland. year. An IEAust/AGS taskforce, ‘Review of Landslides and Hillside Construction Standards’, chaired by Professor R o b in (e) North America, G Springall Fell, was established follow ing a m ajor landslide and fatalities in the Victorian ski fields. The taskforce has presented a business

2857 General Comments matrost Society Conference in Yellowknife, and the International Association for Engineering Geology and the Envi­ Soil mechanics and geotechnical matters that occurred in 1998 ronment in Vancouver. A remarkable number o f our members and those scheduled for 1999 are presented in this report. have also been involved in international conferences as keynote The Georgia Institute of Technology was the venue o f the speakers, program chairs, members o f steering committee s, etc. First International Conference on Soil Characterisation, and of On the international stage, the Society now chairs four o f thirty- the ISSMGE Board meeting held on April 23. During th is con­ two of the Technical Committees of ISSMGE - Unsaturated ference, a meeting of the Conference Advisory Committe e Soils, Landslides, Ground Property Characterisation , and Centri­ (CAC) with representatives o f South America and North A m e r­ fuge and Physical Modelling. One of our members, Richard ica. as well as the Brazilian Organising Committee and A rg e n ­ Bathurst is President o f the International Geosynthetics Society. tinean and Paraguayan Co-organisers, was held. Different topics Expenditures have again been carefully managed and income of the XI Panamerican Conference (PCSMGE) organisation from memberships is almost the same as last year. La st year, were presented and discussed in this meeting. In ad dition, the CGS closed its office in Toronto and now works electronically Panamerican Committee met, with participating Delegates fro m with a virtual office. This has provided a valuable reduction in most o f the Member Societies o f both attending Regions. expenditures, but also improved working conditions fo r the Sec­ The XI PCSMGE w ill be held on 8-12 August, 1999 in Foz retariat. Almost all communications with the Society’s Executive do lguazu, Brazil. Prof. Francis Bogossian, ISSMGE V ic e - are done by email. President for South America, is the President o f the Organising The Canadian Geotechnical Journal and Geotechnical News C om m ittee. continue to provide excellent lines o f communication w ith CGS The main communication media in the North American Re­ members. We have been in discussions for about one year now gion continues to be the Geotechnical News magazine, p a rtic u ­ with the ASCE Geoinstitute about possible redesign o f Geotech­ larly in Canada and the US. nical News. A revised web site www.cgs.ca is now ru n n in g suc­ In the tollowing pages, the summaries prepared by L e fe b vre - cessfully and is beginning to attract memberships, questions, G rah am from Canada. Wahls from the US. and Ramirez- marketplace inputs, etc. The component of the web site in Springall from Mexico, are transcribed. These reports include French has also received recent attention and w ill be fully func­ the principal activities carried out in each country. tional shortly. It could be affirmed that soil mechanics and geotech nical ac­ Nous tenons à remercier tout les membres de la Société pour tivities are developing well in the Region. Canada and the US leur zèle et leur support durant la dernière année. Nous désirons are actively working in Technical Committees. Experie nced remercier tout les titulaires de postes au sein des régions et des Members o f the Mexican Society have expressed their interest in divisions pour la quantité énorme de travail et d’e ffo rt q u ’ ils ont participating in several o f these TC's. su compresser dans leurs vies actives professionnelles. We wish to thank all members o f the Society for their good­ Report from Canadian Geotechnical Society w ill and support during the past two years. We also w ant to thank all the office holders in the regions and div is io n s fo r the The year 1998 was a busy one for the Canadian Geotechn ical enormous amount o f work and effort they fitted into their active Society and produced another solid year o f achievem e nt and professional lives. service to members. Grace á l’aide des vice-présidents Kerry Rowe et Mic h e l A u - ASCE Geo-Institute. Summary of Activities (1998-99) bertin, du support d’un groupe actif de directeurs régionaux, des presidents de sections locales, de divisions et de comités tech­ The ASCE Geo-Institute completed its second year on Septem­ niques, ainsi que du travail dévoué du secretariat, nous pouvons ber 30, 1998 under the Oleadership of President Raym ond J. rendre compte d’une autre année solide d’accomplissement et de Krizek. On October 1, 1998, Ronald E. Smith began a one-year service á nos membres. term as President The Board o f Governors is strivin g to improve Thanks to the assistance o f the Vice-Presidents, Ke rry R o w e the organisational structure to be more responsive to the needs of and Michel Aubertin, the support o f an active group o f re g io n a l geotechnical engineers and other professionals in the geo­ directors, the Presidents o f local Committees, Tech n ic a l C o m ­ industry. An International Activities Council is be ing established mittees as well as the attentive work o f the secretariat we can re­ to encourage and enhance collaboration with other national and cord a year o f accomplishments and service to our m em bers. international geo-organisations. A major membership d riv e is in The 23 local sections of the Society have again delive re d progress to attract more geo-professionals who are not members strong programs consisting o f meetings, short courses and other o f A S C E . activities. We are increasingly seeing these local activities as one M ajor activities and events for 1998-99 include the fo llo w ­ o f our most important responsibilities, particularly since many of in g : the Provincial Associations o f Engineers (and l’Ord re des Inge- 1. The 2nd National Conference of the Geo-Institute on nieurs du Québec) are in process o f instituting requirements for “ Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynam ics” mandatory professional development. was held in Seattle, Washington, August 3-6, 1998. Atten­ In the technical divisions, too, there has been a good level of dance from 20 countries exceeded 600, and the excellent activity, with many offering short courses, worksho ps and spe­ program, including many international speakers, was very cialty sessions at the annual conference in Edmonto n. The Geo- well received. environmental Division, in particular, has develope d n e w p ro ­ 2. The Geo-Institute sponsored a Geo-Congress o f 44 sessions grams dealing with geotechnology and the environmen t. The plus the Terzaghi Lecture as a part o f the 1998 ASC E Na­ technical committees o f the Society have also been working on tional Convention in Boston, October 18-21. Among the program delivery. This year we were pleased to form a new highlights were sessions on the Boston Central Ar­ committee on Landslides. tery/Tunnel Project and other international “Big Digs,” The Society has been very active in terms o f organis in g and which addressed many aspects o f deep excavations in urban managing conferences. Regional conferences were arranged in environments. Most o f the Geo-Congress presentations are British Columbia and the Atlantic Provinces. One-da y courses published in 13 Special Geotechnical Publications. and workshops were organised in many o f the regions. T h e na­ 3. The 3rd National Conference o f the Geo-Institute w ill be tional conference was in Edmonton in early October. In the past held at the University o f Illinois, June 13-19, 1999. The two years we have collaborated with the organisers o f three ma­ theme w ill be “Geo-Engineering for Underground Facili­ jor international conferences - the North America R o c k M e ­ ties,” and Ralph Peck w ill be the keynote speaker. chanics Society Conference in Montreal, the Interna tional Per-

2858 4. Plans are underway for two Geo-Institute conferences in ics: Foundation Engineering; Geotechnical Zoning; C o n s titu ­ 2000. A specialty conference on “ Performance Verific a tio n tive Laws and Soil Behaviour, Geotechnics in Infras tru ctu re of Constructed Geotechnical Facilities” w ill be held at the Works; Instrumentation; New Techniques in situ and in the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, M A on April 9-12, Laboratory, Applications; Soil Dynamics; Technologic a l In ­ and GeoDenver2000, a broad-based geocongress, is sched­ novations; Quality Assurance; and Geotechnics in the X X I uled for Denver, CO on August 3-8. Century Threshold. 5. Dr. Michael O’Neill presented the 1998 Terzaghi L e cture • X IIlh Professors’ National Meeting, on Geotechnical E duca­ on “Side Resistance in Deep Foundations ” at the AS C E tio n . Annual Convention in Boston on October 20, 1998. Dr. • The X IV Nabor Carrillo Conference given by Alfons o R ico , W illiam F. Marcuson w ill present the 1999 Terzaghi L e c­ on “A Personal Focus on the State-of-the-Art in Soil M e ­ ture at the ASCE Annual Convention in Charlotte, NC in chanics. O ctober. • Manuel Gonzalez Flores Award. This biennial award was 6. Professor Raymond J. Krizek received the 1997 Terzag hi granted to three young distinguished engineers in the fields of Award, and Professor Kenji Ishihara received the 3rd H . teaching, professional practice and researching. Th e y are J. Bolton Seed Medal. Professor Ishihara’s Seed Medal L e c­ Medina, M . Ramirez, and V. Taboada, respectively. ture w ill be presented in San Francisco in 1999. 7. The Geo-Institute announced the establishment of the 1999 ASCE Ralph Peck Award for outstanding papers on geo­ technical case histories. ASFE and its member firms are • On January 27 Mr. Jorge Orozco became President o f the providing the primary financial support for the Awa rd . The SMMS for the next two years. The following events have first recipient o f the Peck Award w ill be announced in June been announced for this year: at the 3rd Geo-Institute Specialty Conference at the U n iv e r­ • April 5-9, an updating course on “ Design and Cons truction o f sity o f Illinois. Deep Foundations” . 8. The Geo-Institute is sponsoring two new ISSMGE Te c h n i­ • September 2-3, a course on “ Computing Geotechnical T o o ls ” . cal Committees: TC32, Risk Assessment and Management, • December 2, a conference on “Geotechnics and Mine ra l (Erik VanMarcke, Chair) and TC33, Scour o f Foundations, Waste Management -A General View”, by Prof. NR Mor­ (Jean-Louis Briaud, Chair). The Geo-Institute also c o n tin ­ gen stem . ues to Osponsor T C I7, Ground Improvement, (Ilan Juran, Chair), ore than 40 Geo-Institute members are servin g on 23 other ISSMGE Technical Committees. APPENDIX 3 - TECHNICAL COMMITTEES 9. The G-I is participating in the X I Panamerican C onference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering at Iguassu PROCESSES OF SETTING UP TECHNICAL COMMIT­ Falls, Brazil, August 1999. Seventeen Geo-Institute m em ­ TEES IN ISSMGE FOR THE PERIOD 1997-2001 bers are invited speakers or other formal program p a rtic i­ pants (session chairs, reporters, panel moderators, and pan­ Kenji Ishihara, President of ISSMGE elists). Approximately 30 US papers have been selected fo r publication in the Conference Proceedings Technical Committees (TC) have been playing a key role in ful­ 10. We are saddened to report the passing o f three p ro m in e n t filling the goals o f the ISSMGE. They provide stages for discus­ U.S. geotechnical engineers: Wallace Hayward Baker, sions and exchange o f views among the Members o f ou r Society. James P. Gould and John Lysmer. Baker was the founde r o f Thus, TCs w ill continue to be the heart o f our Society’s activi­ the Hayward Baker Co., Gould was a partner in Mueser ties. However there has not been any rule authorize d for setting Rutledge Consultants, and Lysmer was Professor Emeritus up a Technical Committee in the ISSMGE. The TCs have been at University of Califomia-Berkeley. Gould and Lysme r established one after another in recognition o f needs to develop were past Chairs of the ASCE Geotechnical Engineerin g unified activities on subjects o f special importance covering the Division and the USNS, and all three were very active in ­ broad area o f geotechnical engineering. New TCs have been en­ ternationally. dorsed by the incumbent President with nomination o f C hairs who are responsible for developing activities w ithin the period o f Report from Mexican Society For Soil Mechanics (SMMS) his office. If the incoming President recognizes the significance o f further continuation, the TCs are endorsed again for the next 4 This Report summarises the main activities held by the Mexican years period. The steps taken for establishing the TCs for the pe­ Society for Soil Mechanics in the period May-Decemb e r 1998 riod 1997 - 2001 are described below. and those scheduled for 1999. 1. A b o u t 6 months before the new President took office, the 1998 Secretary General (SG) wrote a letter to each Membe r S o ci­ ety asking them to submit names o f the persons interested in • Courses. Members o f the SMMS gave courses, conferences being engaged in the TC’s activities in the forthco m in g and seminars at several universities in the country . The main terms o f office beginning in September 1997, assuming that courses given in Mexico City were “ Pile Load Tests” , “ C o m ­ the then existing TCs would continue activities. Ab o u t one puting Applications to Geotechnics” and an internatio n a l quarter o f the Member Societies responded and submitte d a course on the“ Fundamentals o f Environmental Geotechn ics” . list o f names o f interested persons for each o f the T C s, bu t • An International Conference on “Storage Dams, Env iro n ­ there was no response from the remaining Member Socie­ ment Geotechnics, Construction, Behaviour and Safety” , was ties. held in Mexico City, on July 9-10, 1998. Speakers fro m C an­ 2. In October 1997, one month after the new office was set up, ada, Colombia, Brazil, Portugal, the United States and M e x ­ the letter of the same effect was sent by the SG to each ico participated in this conference. Member Society reminding them of the submittal of the • Publications. In the second half o f 1998, the SMM S p u b­ names. About half o f the Member Societies submitted a lis t lished six books, consisting mainly on proceedings o f c o n fe r­ o f names. ences. 3. In the meantime, the President undertook a reshu ffle o f the • In the city o f Puebla, the following events were held in No­ TCs. TC I3 “Mechanics of Granular Materials” was dis ­ vember: X IX National Conference on Soil Mechanics. T o p ­ banded and two new TCs were established based on the

2859 proposals from the U.S. National Society. These are TC32 establishment o f the new TCs is officially endorsed by him on “Risk Assessment and Management” and TC33 on on behalf o f the ISSMGE. “ Scour o f Foundations” . In addition, TC34 on “ Deform a tio n 6. In response to the President’s action as described above, the of Earth Materials” was installed by the initiative o f the nominated Chairs embarked on organizing the TCs and filed President drawing upon enthusiastic request from an in te r­ the list o f members and terms o f reference w ith the office of ested group o f experts. Names o f some TCs were changed ISSMGE and the President. The submission o f these docu­ to match the activities expected to develop in the future. ments began in the fell o f 1998. These are TC9 “Geosynthetics and Earth Reinforcemen t” 7. Upon examining the two documents, the President gave his and TC24 “ Sampling, Evaluation and Interpretation”. T h e endorsement to the officially set out activities o f TC s. essential part o f the reshuffle was the nomination o f the 8. As the endorsement is given, the formation o f the TC s has Chair for each TC. By considering various factors, the been announced in the News Letters (Vol. 25, No. 2, No. 3, names o f the Chairs were decided. No. 4 and Vol. 26, No.l). There still remain a few TCs 4. The President sent out a letter o f invitation to each nomi­ which have not been endorsed because o f the delay in sub­ nated Chair asking whether he/she was w illing to accept the mitting the necessary documents. These TCs w ill be en­ offer. The letter was accompanied by the list o f mem bers in dorsed sooner or later. the previous term of office (1993-1997) and the lis t o f 9. Once the TCs are endorsed as above, the operatio n o f the names for potential candidates in the new term (199 7 -2 0 0 1 ), TCs is left to the hands o f the Chairs. The President has which had been compiled with reference to the names sub­ tried to take advantage of every opportunity to see the mitted to the SG in response to his letter to each M e m b e r Chairs o f the TCs personally to advise and to encourage Society (Step 1 and 2). In the President’s letter, the C h a ir further development. was asked to organize the respective Technical Comm itte e , 10. Some o f the TCs have held international symposia and con­ i.e. to select the names o f prospective members out o f the ferences near the end o f the previous term 1993-1997, hav­ above mentioned two lists. The Chair was also asked to in ­ ing fulfilled their intended goals. These TCs are generally clude names o f any other persons he thinks appropriate fo r slow in setting o ff their actions for the current term 1997- the operation o f the Technical Committee. It was also re­ 2001. quested that the Chair nominates a Co-chairman, Secretary and Core members if he thinks necessary. The President GUIDELINES FOR CHOOSING MEMBERS IN TECHNI­ made up “Guidelines for Choosing the Members” as at­ CAL COMMITTEES OF ISSMGE tached herewith, drawing attention not to select mo re than three members from one Member Society without any spe­ 1. Members shall be selected by the Chair o f respective TCs at cific reason. his or her discretion based on the list o f members in the pre­ 5. The Chair o f each Technical Committee was also requested vious term plus the candidates recommended by Member to submit the terms o f reference to the President so th a t the societies.

ISSMGE Technical Committees for 1997-2110

CURRENT STATUS OF ACTIVITIES

T C N o. T C n a m e Country Chairman TC-1 Instrumentation for Geotechnical Monitoring Turkey T. Durgunoglu • No new movement T C -2 Centrifuge Testing Japan T . K im u ra • C. on Centrifuge '98 (IS Tokyo '98), Sept. 23-25, 1998, Tokyo, Japan C anada R. Phillips • Host society changed from Japan to Canada, new Ch air is Dr. R. Phillips. • I. S. on Physical Modelling and Testing in Environ mental Geotechnics, May 15-17, 2000 TC-4 Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering Portugal P. Séco e Pinto • 2nd I. C. on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering, June 21-25, Lisbon, P ortu gal TC-5 Environmental Geotechnics G erm an y R. Katzenbach • 3rd I. C. on Environmental Geotechnics, Oct. 7-11, 1998, Lisbon, Portugal • The Committee met in Lisbon in September with attendance o f the Presi­ dent • I. S. on Physical Modelling and Testing in Environ mental Geotechnics, May 15-17, 2000 TC -6 Unsaturated Soils Canada D. Fredlund • 2nd I. C. on Unsaturated Soils, Aug. 27-30, 1998, Beijing, China TC-7 Tailing Dams C h ile J. H . T roncoso • The Committee met in Lisbon in September with attendance o f the Presi­ dent • Collaboration is being sought with the Internatio nal Council on Metals and Environment TC -8 Frost Finland E. Slunga • No new movement TC-9 Geosynthetics and Earth Reinforcement Japan H. Ochiai • 4th I. S. on Earth Reinforcement Practice (IS Kyus hu, 2001, Nov., Fu­ kuoka, Japan TC-10 Geophysical Site Characterisation Sw eden R. Massarsch • New activities being planned

2860 T C -1 La ndslide s C anada J. L o c a l • 8th I. S. on Landslides, June 26-30, 2000, Cardiff, U.K. • I. S. on Slope Stability Engineering (IS Shikoku '99), Nov. 8-11, 1999, Matsuyama, Japan T C -12 Validation o f Computer Simulation A u s tra lia J. C arter • No new movement TC-14 Offshore Geotechnical Engineering N o rw a y S. Lacasse • I. C. on Offshore and Nearshore Geotechnical Engineering, Dec. 2-3, 1999, Panvel, India TC-15 Peat and Organic Soils Netherlands R.J. Termaat • S. on Problematic Soils (IS Tohoku ’98), Oct. 28-30, 1998, Sendai, Japan • The Committee met in Sendai in Oct., 1998 TC-16 Ground Property Characterisation from In-situ T e stin g C anada P.K. Robertson • 1st I. C. on Site Characterization, April 19-23, 1998, Atlanta, U.S.A. TC-17 Ground Improvement USA I. Juran • New activities being planned TC-18 Pile Foundations Belgium W. Van Impe • 3rd I. S. on Deep Foundations on Bored and Augered Piles, October 19-21, 1998, Ghent, Belgium • 6th I. C. on Application o f Stress-Wave Theory to Piles, Sept. 11-13, 2000, Sao Paulo, Brazil TC-19 Preservation of Historic Sites Italy C. Viggiani • The President met with the Chair C. Viggiani T C -20 Professional Practice In d ia V .V .S . Rao • Proposal for setting up the forum of geotechnical consultants has been submitted to the President • Workshops on the occasions o f regional conferences are planned in 1999 T C -22 Indurated Soils and Soft Rocks France J. L . D u rv ille • 2nd l.S. on Hard Soil and Soft Rocks, Oct. 12-14, 1998, Napoli, Italy • The committee met in Napori with attendance of the President TC-23 Lim it State Design Geotechnical Engineering S outh A fric a P. D ay • New movement being planned TC -24 Soil Sampling, Evaluation and Interpretation UK D . H ig h t • The President met with the Chair, Dr. D. Hight TC-25 Tropical and Residual Soils B ra z il P. T. C ru z • I. S. on Tropical Soils, Sept. 23-24, 2000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil TC-26 Calcareous Sediments Australia R. Jewell • 2nd I. C. on Engineering for Calcareous Soils, Feb. 221-24, 1999, Bahrain TC-28 Underground Construction In Soft Ground U K R . M a ir • I. S. on Geotechnical Aspects o f Underground Construction in Soft Ground (IS-Tokyo '99), July 19-21, 1999, Tokyo, Japan TC-29 Stress-Strain Testing o f Geomaterials in the L a b o ra to ry Japan F. Tatsuoka • 2nd I. S. on Pre-Failure Deformation Characteristics o f Geomaterials, Sept. 27-29, 1999, Torino, Italy TC-30 Coastal Geotechnical Engineering Japan A. Nakase • I. S. on Coastal Geotechnical Engineering in Practice (IS Yokohama, 2000), Sept. 20-22, 2000, Yokohama, Japan TC-31 Education in Geotechnical Engineering France J. P. M a gnan • The President met with the Chair, Dr. Magnan in T o k y o TC-32 Risk Assessment and Management USA E. VanMarcke • No new movement TC-33 Scour of Foundations USA J.L. Briaud • I. S. on Scour of Foundations is being planned on Nov. 19, 2000, Mel- borne, Australia TC -34 Deformation o f Earth Materials Greece J.I.G. Vadoulakis • No new movement

2. The Chair o f a TC can nominate Secretary, Co-cha irm a n ( i f 5. If it is necessary, the Chair can nominate at his or her dis­ appropriate) Core Members and Members o f the TC. cretion several persons as “ Corresponding Members” . 3. It is desirable to have only one member chosen fro m any 6. The list o f the members chosen by the Chair shall be sub­ one Member society. If there are two or three persons fro m mitted to the President and Secretary General for o ffic ia l one Member Society who have been active and recognized endorsement on behalf o f ISSMGE. as important by the Chair from various points o f vie w , the y 7. Once the endorsement is given by the President, the C h a ir may be invited to become members. shall write a letter o f invitation to each o f the mem bers and 4. Those who are recommended by Member societies, bu t n o t confirm his or her consent to join the TC. regarded as active by the Chair may not be invited to be­ 8. For those recommended but not selected by the Cha ir, the come members. However, every reasonable efforts sho uld Secretary General write a letter o f apology to Secretary o f be made to include in each TC persons nominated by th e ir respective national society. Members Societies.

2861 APPENDIX 4 - SGI-LINE Closing remarks

Annual Report of the International Information Retrieval The experience o f the IRS and the co-operation with IS S M G E System for Geotechnical Literature seems from the SGI point of view successfully. An increased interest in the SGI-Line has been noticed and new subscribers Background are continuously added. The recording o f Pre-1976 documents w ill be finishe d during How it all started 1999 and the beginning o f 2000. SGI expects that IS S M G E w ill Based on discussions and negotiations between IS S M G E and fulfil remaining responsibilities according to the MOA. SGI pro­ SGI an agreement on co-operation on the SGI Informa tio n R e­ poses that the agreement w ill be prolonged and that an evalua­ trieval System and literature database SGI-Line was approved in tion report should be given at the council Meeting in 2003. principal at the Board Meeting and Council Meeting in Hamburg September 1997. The aim was to make the literature database Memorandum o f Agreement (as updated, October 2000) SGI-Line accessible for ISSMGE members via Internet. The Memorandum o f Agreement (M OA) was signed by Pro ­ International Information Retrieval System for Geotechnical fessor Kenji Ishihara, the President o f ISSMGE and M r H ja lm a r Literature Stromberg, Director General o f SGI, on 31 March 1998. The International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Activities 1998 Engineering ("ISSMGE") and the Swedish Geotechnical Insti­ tute ("SGI") have agreed to co-operate on an Intern ational In­ Free access formation Retrieval System for Geotechnical Literatu re (IRS- The database SGI-Line was accessible free o f charge d u rin g a Geo) according to the following provisions. test period from January until the end of November 1998. A great number o f visitors all over the world were registered dur­ 1. Aim ing this period. The access seems tairly simple and just a tew questions on the retrieval system were noticed. The aim is to make the literature database SGI-Line available worldwide via Internet. Members o f ISSMGE w ill thereb y have Subscriptions access to a continuously updated database o f litera ture references Since December 1, a subscription is necessary to access the da­ to support their work. tabase. Up to January 1999 SGI has registered 17 subscribers. (NB a subsequent change in the agreement has lead to free ac­ 2. Basis of IRS-Geo cess fo r all ISSMGE members.) The International Information Retrieval System for Geotechnical Use o f the system Literature (IRS-Geo) w ill be based on the current version o f During 1998 approximately 4600 visitors were accessing the SGI-Line and continuously up-dated versions. SGI-Line includes SGI-Line database. geotechnical literature references from 1976 up to the present time. Supplementary references w ill be included, cf. "Informa­ Article in ISSMGE News tion Recording". The database consists o f references in a number In the ISSMGE News No 2, June 1998, an article desc ribing the o f languages, although the predominant language is E n g lish . International Information Retrieval System for Geotechnical Lit­ erature was published. 3. Access

Response from the users The services o f IRS-Geo w ill be available to ISSMGE members From some users SGI has received valuable comments on the via Internet. IRS-Geo w ill be located under the SGI hom e page. contents o f the SGI-Line database and the search fo rms. Some o f Accessibility w ill be provided for ISSMGE members b y signing these comments have already resulted in improvements o f the a registration form as a subscription agreement with SGI. Indi­ system. During 1999 further improvements w ill be made. vidual members o f ISSMGE may use the services free o f charge.

Activities 1999 4. Information recording

The following activities are planned during 1999. New literature information w ill be continously added to the SGI- Line database by SGI. In addition to the literature covered by Documents produced before ¡976 (SGI) SGI, ISSMGE w ill explore free access to publication s fro m all During 1999 and beginning o f 2000 the agreed pre-19 7 6 do cu­ ISSMGE sponsored international and national society activities, ments w ill be included in the database. including international and regional conferences etc. fo r SGI to review, record and keep at SGI's sole discretion. Publications sponsored by ISSMGE (ISSMGE) In accordance with the agreement (M OA), ISSMGE w ill e xp lo re ISSMGE shall encourage the member societies to prov ide the in­ free access to publications from all ISSMGE sponsored interna­ formation in an agreed electronic form and format. This infor­ tional and national society activities, including international and mation w ill be compiled by the national societies, based on the regional conferences etc. for SGI to review, record and keep at classification system used at SGI and presented in fo rm s adapted SGI’s sole discretion. This has just been carried o ut fronl one tp SGI-Line. Such information, for example keywords, m ust be conference during 1998. SGI expects an increased nu m b e r o f delivered in English. publications during 1999. Furthermore, ISSMGE shall en cour­ age the national societies to provide the information in an agreed 5. Literature services electronic form and format. SGI w ill support ISSMGE w ith in ­ structions for this information. SGI w ill provide literature services to the members o f ISSMGE such as enquiries concerning the use o f the retriev al system, in­ 24 Free subscriptions (ISSMGE) formation retrieval services and document supply services. SGI is awaiting the names o f the 24 subscribers fro m developing These services w ill be charged in accordance with cu rre n t SGI countries that ISSMGE is supposed to provide.

2862 personnel rates and price lists. SGI reserves the right to change tivities. W ithin the coming year, ISSMGE News w ill o n ly be these rates and prices without previous announcement. published on the web-site, and the printed version o f the News w ill be discontinued. The site w ill require regular updating and For 25 Member Societies from developing countries a d isco u n t enhancement to keep pace with the needs and require m en ts o f of 30 % w ill be given for document services such as copies of the membership. Procedures for achieving this effic iently have papers etc. been considered and w ill be implemented, and it is hoped that the site w ill be used regularly and effectively by the member­ 6. Copyright and ownership ship. The success of the web-site in serving the needs o f the membership w ill depend largely on the support o f the m em bers SGI holds all rights to SGI-Line. in supplying news items and other information when requested. The cooperation o f officers o f Member Societies in ensuring that 7. Information and marketing there is a regular flow o f news and a prompt response to requests for information w ill be especially valuable. [SSMGE undertakes to provide information on IRS-Geo to the The domain name ISSMGE.org has been registered and the members o f the society using existing contacts, ISS MGE confer­ new site can be accessed at http://www.issmge.org/. The site is ences, new sletters and hom e pages on In te rn e t etc. S G I w ill p ro ­ still under construction, but the main framework has been estab­ vide ISSMGE with relevant documentation for such in fo rm a tio n lished. The site is entered via the home page, whic h g ive s a activities. broad outline o f the five areas o f information availa ble: g. F in a n c in g News News o f ISSMGE activities and events w ill be posted in this area SGI is responsible for the survey, indexing and continuous addi­ and it is hoped that it w ill be the most dynamic area o f the site. tion of new titles to the database and for delivering information News items may be quite varied and attempts w ill be m ade to to be available on Internet. This includes information fro m the solicit and obtain a wide range o f items. For example there can regional and national member societies, supplied by ISSMGE. A be “ Press Release” type announcements o f say an event, and this discount o f the price for document supply services w ill be given w ill have a short statement and a link to another w eb-site. This to organizations in developing countries, cf p. 5. As a service in could include appropriate announcements by the Corp ora te return, ISSMGE shall pay an annual fee o f USD 6,000 to the Members. Other items may be conference or workshop reports SGI. with accompanying photographs, as well as details o f the p ro ­ ceedings and links to other sites giving further in formation. The ISSMGE and SGI shall cover their own expenses for in fo rm a tio n opening News page w ill contain the most recent info rmation, but and marketing activities. older news items w ill remain available in a suitable archive for a reasonable time period. 9. P a ym e n t Conferences ISSMGE shall disburse its contribution for recordin g pre-1976 The key activity o f the ISSMGE is organising conferences and documents by the advance payment of USD 3000 (made in details o f all International and Regional Conferences, Symposia 1999) and the remaining sum (USD 4000) when recording is and Workshops sponsored by or affiliated to the ISS M G E w ill finished. be listed. Details w ill be provided by date and/or region giving the title, short description, key dates, contact de tails and web-site Payment o f the annual fee shall be paid in January each year. link. In addition, some links to other conference listing sites, e.g. SGI-line, w ill be provided. It is hoped that all fu ture conferences 10.Term o f notice w ill be advised to the Secretariat electronically to allow easy up­ dating o f information. This agreement w ill be prolonged for one (1) year i f neither of the partners gives notice o f termination six (6) months before the Technical Committees expiry o f the ongoing agreement period. Activities by Technical Committees are increasing a ll the time, especially for the more mature Committees. The main in fo rm a ­ The co-operation w ill be reviewed every four years. A firs t tion contained within this area w ill be listings o f all Technical evaluation was made and a report distributed at the C o u n c il Committees, their Terms o f Reference, and membership w ith meeting in 1999. contact details including address, telephone, fax and e-mail for the Chairman, Secretary, core members, members and co-opte d members. Increasingly, TCs are developing their own web-sites APPENDIX 5 - ISSMGE WEBSITE and links w ill be provided as advised. Limited deta ils o f reports or other output from and activities o f the TCs w ill be given, and Report by Professor Taylor this or other information may appear in the News as appropriate.

The development o f a new web-site was commissioned in 1998. Member Societies and the Regions The principal reasons for this were: The initial aim is to provide contact details o f the member socie­ • to increase the visibility o f the ISSMGE; ties. As a minimum, this w ill be the name, address, telephone, • to enhance the availability of information relatin g to the fax and e-mail o f the Chairman and Secretary. A brie f statem ent ISSMGE; about the Society could also be given, other approp riate contacts • to provide the central Internet site with informa tion o f and as advised and also links to appropriate home-pages. Assembling links to other sites concerning ISSMGE activities. this information requires some cooperation from the Societies but it is hoped that it w ill not take too long to assemble a com­ The ISSMGE web-site w ill be a major source o f informatio n fo r prehensive list o f details. The regional Vice-Presidents w ill also all activities associated with the Society. The aim is to make be able to have some information relating to their regions posted available comprehensive details o f all Technical Co mmittees and in this area. The potential also exists for listing contact details o f Conferences and to provide links to associated web-sites as ap­ all ISSMGE members. This would require careful orga n isa tio n propriate. It w ill become the main source o f ISSMGE bulletins, and if it is to be achieved w ill require all members to submit in­ press releases and reports on conferences and other IS S M G E ac­ formation in a standard format. If this can be achieved, it would

2863 make the hard-copy published list o f members redund ant and the maximum opportunity for delegates to attend those o f com­ would allow for fairly continuous updating o f the information. If mon interest this is to be achieved successfully, it w ill require considerable A draft technical programme is attached. W hilst on the face cooperation. o f it this programme appears extremely crowded, the v ie w o f the COC is that this is necessary if the five theme conferences nomi­ The Society nated by the ICAC are to be satisfactorily incorpora te d into the Details o f the Society and the key officers w ill be provided in week. However, a conscious effort has been made to allocate the this area. The aims and history o f the Society w ill be described sessions so that those w ith a particular interest in only one or two briefly and there w ill be the opportunity for listing the Statues o f the themes w ill have an opportunity for social in te ra c tio n and and By-Laws o f the Society. sight-seeing. Similarly, technical tours are being planned on three days, to avoid clashes with the technical programme for those with a particular focus. A P P E N D IX 6 - GEOENG2000 Venue Report by Mr M Ervin GeoEng2000 w ill be held in the Melbourne Convention and Ex­ Introduction hibition Centre. This centre is able to accommodate up to 2,500 delegates in plenary session and can readily accomm odate m ul­ This report presents the status o f our organisation and planning tiple parallel sessions. A large exhibition space is available. It is for GeoEng2000. Most o f the Invited Lectures, Keyno te Them e proposed that lunches, morning and afternoon teas w ill be served Lectures and Issues Lectures are w ell advanced in their planning, within the area o f the exhibition to allow maximum interaction. with commitments from most speakers. The Workshop and D is ­ External exhibition o f heavy equipment w ill also be possible. cussion Sessions are being formulated at present. There has been considerable interest in GeoEng2000 fro m a ll continents, and we are confident o f a successful conference. A Sponsorship and Finances weaker Australian dollar (approx US$0.65) also w ill m ake the conference financially attractive if this situation continues to The main sponsors o f the Conference are the three sister Inter­ 2000. national Societies, namely ISSMGE, LAEG and ISRM. In addition, we have welcomed co-sponsorship from: Conference Organisation • International Geosynthetic Society (IGS) • International Tunnelling Association (ITA) The Conference Organising Committee (COC) currently consists • International Association o f Hydrogeologists (LAH ) of: • International Association for Computer Methods and Ad­ Max Ervin (Chairman) vances in Geomechanics (IAC M AG ) Chris Haberfield Gary Chapman Ian Johnston • International Commission on Large Dams (ICOLD) Jeff McLeod Sandy Bennett Brian Chandler The main sponsors have each contributed US$5,000 seed B ill Bamford money towards the organisation. In addition, we have co-opted assistance in organis in g the The Conference w ill be underwritten by the Institutio n o f En­ theme conferences from others, as indicated in the attached re­ gineers, Australia, who w ill contribute additional seed money po rt. when required. To date, we have survived on the International The Professional Conference Organiser appointed is IC M S Society seed money. In return for underwriting the Conference, Pty Ltd, who have been responsible for successfully organising a the Institution w ill receive 50% o f any profits rem a in in g after wide range of conferences throughout Australia, with som e repayment o f seed monies and out-of-pocket expenses o f the having in excess o f 3,000 delegates. M rs Sarah Hamm represents Committee. The balance o f the profits are to be dis trib u te d 20% ICMS on our Committee. to Australian Geomechanics Society, and 10% to each o f the The COC has been guided periodically through the organisa­ three sponsoring International Societies. tion to date by an international conference advisory committee A promotional package has been sent to organisations w ith an (ICAC) which comprises the current Presidents and Secretaries- expected interest in the concept and themes of GeoEng2000, General o f the three sister international societies. As the Execu­ seeking financial sponsorship. As is normal, variou s levels of tives o f these Societies change during the period o f the organisa­ sponsorship are being offered, with associated levels o f expo­ tion, the incoming Presidents w ill also be invited to participate in sure. A copy o f our survey letter seeking expressions o f interest the IC A C . is attached. W hilst it is desirable to lim it the commercial aspects o f such a Technical Programme conference, we have taken the view that the more sponsorship we can attract, the lower w ill be the registration fee and hence The Conference w ill provide a forum for all interested parties to the greater the attraction o f the conference to pote n tia l delegates. meet and discuss both form ally and inform ally issues relevant to Regrettably response to our requests for sponsorships have the current States-of-Practice as well as future directions. The been poor, and any assistance or encouragement o f organisations Conference combines five themes o f common interest, w ith a to participate in this way that council members can provide number o f invited lectures from eminent practitione rs, research­ would be appreciated. ers and recent achievers on issues that are relevan t to the various disciplines represented at the conference. Social Programme Five sub-theme conferences w ill be held as part o f the overall conference. The themes adopted are Geotechnical Earthquake We want this conference to be technically memorable, but also Engineering, Underground Works, Stability o f Natura l and E x ­ to be remembered for the special Australian hospita lity we plan cavated Slopes, Environmental Geotechnics, and Grou n d Im ­ to provide. provement and Ground Support. For each o f the themes, w e p ro ­ Delegates w ill be encouraged to arrive in time for a memora­ pose a combination of invited keynote and issues lectures, ble “ ice-breaker*’ on the Sunday. The usual, but ho pefully spe­ discussion sessions/workshops and selected paper presentations. cial, welcome reception and conference dinner are planned. En­ Although parallel sessions w ill be necessary for some o f the in­ tertainment of some kind on the Tuesday night is also vited lectures, it is intended to schedule all lectures to provide contemplated.

2864 P u b lish in g tim ing is to be agreed, but probably about 6.00 pm following the Poster Sessions. The attached report by Chris Haberfield presents ou r planning with respect to publishing. In summary, the invited lectures w ill Meetings Of Commissions And Technical Committees be published in hard copy, but submitted papers (and the invited lectures) w ill be provided only on DC-Rom. Hard copy o f these The ISRM has asked that their commissions be provid ed a venue submitted papers can be ordered after the conference, if required. to meet at GeoEng2000. This is welcomed and w ill o f course be Bulletin 1 (Call for Papers) is to be distributed in February. accommodated. We have had enquiries from several ISSMGE Technical Technical Tours Committees offering support for and input to GeoEng2000. U n ­ fortunately, we consider it is not practical to inc lude special ses­ Technical tours w ill be held on three afternoons, w ith a focus on sions within the already very busy schedule. Howeve r, we have the five themes o f the Conference. Possible options inclu d e : encouraged those who have enquired to contemplate a one day • La Trobe Valley Brown Coalfields:- mining, slope stability, symposium on their topic, possibly on the Saturday before the hydrogeology; Conference. To date TC20, TC23 and TC33 have indica te d the y • Melbourne Water:- tunnelling, dams, geophysics; w ill hold a Symposium prior to GeoEng2000. • Melbourne City Link Project:- tunnelling, hydroge ology, soft The Chairmen of other TC’s w ill be asked if they wis h to ground engineering; similarly organise a Symposium. Participants in Sym posia w ill • Landfill Sites:- putrescible and prescribed waste la n d fill be given a discount on the full registration fee fo r the Confer­ practice in Australia; ence. • City Construction Sites:- basements, ground support, exca­ vatio n; Accommodation And Transport • Urban and Rural Roadworks:- geosynthetics, slope stability, ground support. A wide range of accommodation w ill be offered to delegates, ranging from university halls o f residence to five star hotels for Accompanying Persons Programme those who require or can afford such luxury. A free pass on M el­ bourne’s user-friendly public transport system w ill be provided Little planning has gone into this to date. However, there is to allow delegates to freely come and go as they choose, as well much to offer around Melbourne including Australian w ild life as to explore the city at their leisure. sanctuaries, the Penguin Parade, wineries, museums, living his­ As far as is possible, we w ill negotiate low cost international torical displays and similar. travel. However, our advice to date is that unless group bookings can be co-ordinated, it is usually less expensive to obtain travel Pre and Post Conference Tours packages from within the country o f origin. Please be assured travel to Australia is not expensive, with return airfares to No planning at this time, but Australia offers endless opportuni­ Europe at present available at less than US$1,000. ties for social and technical tours before and after the Confer­ ence. These w ill be offered . Closure

Budget There is much yet to be done. However, we believe the o rg a n i­ sation o f this milestone Conference is well advanced. There has Based on our current planning and expected publishing costs, a been considerable interest in the Conference and we are becom­ registration fee (1999 dollars) o f US$550 is expected to be able ing increasingly confident o f its success. However, it will be to cover the Conference, with a break-even number o f 600. Nev­ necessary for the importance and value o f this Conference to be ertheless, we w ill be disappointed if we don’t exceed 1,000 dele­ announced and advertised as often as possible. The assistance o f gates. all Council members in this regard is encouraged. I look forward to feedback and input from Council. Board And Council Meetings GeoEng2000: Progress Report on Publication and Paper A commitment was made by each o f the international sponsor Presentations societies to schedule Board meetings to coincide with G eo- Eng2000 and, if possible, Council meetings. Chris Haberfield The ISRM has agreed that their 2000 Board and Counc il meetings w ill be held in Melbourne. ISSMGE has agreed ( I be­ Proceedings lieve) that their 2000 Board meeting w ill be held at the Confer­ • The proceedings w ill consist o f 2 hard-bound volum es ( V o l­ ence, and a lth o u g h n o t a scheduled yea r fo r a C o u n c il m eeting, umes 1 & 2) and a compact disk. The compact disk w ill be there has been some discussion o f a special Council m eeting. attached to the inside cover o f Volume 2. IAEG has advised that their executive w ill meet in Melbourne, • Volume 1 w ill contain all the invited papers inclu d in g key­ but other commitments preclude their Council Meeting at th is note lectures, invited lectures and issue lectures. These pa­ time. Council may wish to consider this. pers have an unlim ited page length. We have written to our co-sponsoring societies invitin g them • Volume 2 w ill contain 1 page extended abstracts for all sub­ to schedule a meeting o f their organising bodies at GeoEng2000. mitted papers. Full length papers w ill be published on C D . The ICAC has recommended that there be a joint meeting o f The extended abstracts w ill be submitted at the same tim e as the executives o f the societies at GeoEng2000, to reinforce the the full length papers. synergies o f the three societies and the reason for the Confer­ • A ll accepted papers (invited and submitted) w ill be placed ence. on CD. The CD w ill have extensive search capabilitie s and a menu driven system specifically designed for this c o n fe r­ Mercer Lecture ence. The merits o f including advertising and sponsorship on the CD (to help offset the costs o f production) are currently GeoEng2000 has been selected as one o f the venues for presen­ being investigated. tation of the 2000 Mercer Lecture. This w ill be held as a public • Hard copies o f the full proceedings w ill be available on order lecture, probably on the Tuesday or Wednesday evening. A c tu a l

2865 after the conference at a cost to be negotiated w ith the pub­ written and free o f typographical errors. Preference w ill be lisher. given to papers that demonstrate the inter-disciplinary nature • There is no intention to produce a post-conference volume at o f our profession. this stage. • A ll short listed papers w ill be reviewed (after final submis­ sion) by a panel o f local experts to determine the best 4 pa­ Submitted Papers pers in each o f the broad fields o f rock mechanics, s o il me­ • Length and format o f submitted papers still need to be final­ chanics and engineering geology. The authors of these ised, but it is likely that submitted papers w ill have a maxi­ papers w ill be notified o f their award at least 3 m onths prior mum length of 8 A4 pages. Formatting instructions w ill be to the conference to allow preparation o f presentation mate­ provided for the major word processing packages. Fo rm a t ria l. paper w ill be available on request. • Each group o f 4 papers w ill be sent to the Intern ational Soci­ • Authors w ill be encouraged to submit their papers in elec­ ety Presidents for final selection. The best 3 papers w ill be tronic form as well as by hard copy. Where possible, em ail presented in the last plenary session (Friday 12.00 to 1.00 and the W W W w ill be the preferred mode o f communica ­ pm) o f the conference. The authors w ill be presented w ith an tio n . Papers not submitted in electronic form will be award recognising their achievement. The President o f each scanned. International Society w ill present the award and introduce • Call-for-abstracts has been finalised. It w ill be widely dis­ the author. The authors w ill each have 15 minutes to present tributed to both individuals and National Societies by end of their paper. 5 minutes w ill be used for award presentation February 1999. Abstract deadline is 18 June 1999. and author introduction. • Abstracts will be grouped according to the conference • The authors of the remaining 9 papers w ill be giv e n the op­ themes o f Environmental Geotechnics, Geotechnical E arth­ portunity to present their paper in the pre-lunch session on quake Engineering, Ground Improvement and Ground Sup­ Thursday. Each author w ill be allocated a maximum o f 15 port, Stability of Natural and Excavated Slopes, Un d e r­ minutes to present their paper. ground Works, and Geotechnical Engineering Education. Abstracts will be assessed by one of six local sub­ APPENDIX 7 - XV ICSMGE 2001 committees - one sub-committee w ill be set up for each o f the six conference themes, each sub-committee w ill be re­ Report by Professor E Togrol sponsible for assessing abstracts, distributing fin al papers for review and selecting papers for presentation/awards/poster XVth International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotech­ sessions. Notification o f accepted abstracts w ill be m ade by nical Engineering w ill take place in Istanbul, Augu st 27-31,2001. 30 July 1999. Following the meeting o f the Organising Committee w ith the • Full papers w ill be due by 19 November, 1999. These papers President, Professor K. Ishihara on 7 November 1997, in Istan­ w ill be distributed for review, with reviewers comm ents bul, a Position Paper concerning the planning o f the XVth Inter­ forwarded to authors by 31 March 2000. Final copies o f pa­ national Conference was prepared and submitted to the Board pers w ill be due by 1st July, 2000. Meeting, on 23 A pril 1998, in Atlanta. The Conferen ce Advisory • Colour photographs and diagrams w ill be included on C D Committee met on 25 May 1998 and made further: improve­ but not in hard copies. ments on the Position Paper. • Sub-committees in collaboration with theme keynote pre­ Bulletin 1 o f the Conference which is based on those discus­ senters and issue lecturers w ill select papers for poster ses­ sions and further correspondence with the President and the Sec­ sions and presentation. retary General w ill be send to Member Societies by the end of March, 1999. Publishing The technical program of the XVth Conference w ill include • The CD w ill be prepared and manufactured by a loc a l M e l­ all the traditional items o f our International Conferences. A wide bourne based CD publishing company, Conference Record­ range o f subjects w ill be covered in Plenary and Discussion Ses­ ing Services (CRS). This company provides expert service sions and in Special Lectures, which w ill provide participants and due to its close proximity w ill allow us to have closer with a compressive and up-to-date overview o f present day geo­ control over the final product and a much shorter turn around technical engineering. time. The company deals explicitly with CDs, and appears There w ill be six main themes to be discussed at the C onfer­ able to produce a better quality product (than othe r bidders) ence. Main themes w ill be given in Plenary Sessions and eight­ for a significantly lower price. een sub-themes w ill be taken up in Discussion Sessions. Fur­ • Quotations have been requested from Elsevier and B ite c h to thermore there w ill be Workshops on four independent topics. produce the two hard volumes and to distribute the proceed­ A small number o f well-chosen Projects w ill be presented in ings internationally. They w ill also be responsible fo r p ro ­ the course o f the Conference. ducing full hard copies o f the proceedings if require d. A ll authors whose papers are published in the Conference Proceedings w ill be encouraged to present their papers at Poster Awards, Poster and Paper Presentations Sessions. • The quality o f accepted papers w ill be assessed d u rin g the During the Conference, half-day excursions to interesting review stage. Reviewers w ill be supplied with a standard re­ engineering projects in the vicinity o f Istanbul are planned. view form. This form w ill also contain questions pe rta in in g An exhibition o f geotechnical methods, equipment, materials to the quality o f the paper and whether the reviewe r feels and services is also planned. that it is worthy for an award, oral presentation, in v ite d Satellite Conferences w ill be organised as a series o f dense poster presentation (evening session) or other poster presen­ course-workshop type sessions. These w ill be held in six differ­ tation (morning tea and lunch sessions) ent cities in Turkey on Friday, August 24, and participants will • The best 5 papers from each o f the six themes w ill be identi­ be transferred to Istanbul on Sunday, August. 26. Each Satellite fied (30 papers in all). The short list w ill be chosen on the Conference w ill provide ample opportunity for a sma ll group of basis o f the following criteria. The papers must dem onstrate participants (50 to 100) to discuss a specific topic. In addition, a significant advancement o f knowledge or a particu la rly in ­ there w ill be an opportunity for the participants to visit a nearby novative solution to a practical problem; be free o f co n je c­ major construction site. Thirdly, the participants w ill be able to ture and adopt sound engineering principles through o u t; ac­ spend a relaxing weekend at a summer resort or visitin g an ar­ knowledge past research where appropriate; be concise, w e ll chaeological / historical site before attending the Conference.

2866 The organisational focus of the Conference is to keep the Proposal from Turkish National Society registration fees as low as possible to promote attendance by re­ searchers and engineers from all over the world. Th e T u rk is h I have paid several visits to the Technical Univers ity o f Istanbul M em ber Society, after careful study o f the financial possib ilitie s , (TUI) and Bosporous University to inspect traces o f T e rz a g h i’ s has decided to offer 550USD as the conference regis tration fee, activities at an early era o f his career before the year o f 1925. which w ill cover all the traditional benefits o f in ternational con­ When I visited there in November 1997, Professor To g ro l ferences. showed me around the site of a building under constru c tio n Furthermore, to encourage and to facilitate the participation where the proposed museum is to be housed. A t the tim e o f the of younger researchers and engineers a special reduced fee (half Board meeting in Atlanta on April 25, 1998, Professor T o g ro l of the normal fee) is offered. Up to 200 reduced fees w ill be of­ explained the nature o f the proposed museum and its perspec­ fered to those participants nominated by their Memb er Societies. tives in the future. Based on the above input the proposal may be Social program o f the Conference w ill include the W e lco m e R e­ summarized as follows. ception and the traditional Banquet. Accompanying persons w ill have ample opportunity to get acquainted with Istanb ul and its 1. There are several pieces o f equipment built by Te rzaghi for surroundings. measuring permeability o f soils in TUI, and desks and bo ok shelves used by Terzaghi. There is a plaque commemo ra tin g his work which is installed on a concrete wall in th e garden A P P E N D IX 8 - ISSMGE HERITAGE MUSEUM o f a guest house of Bosporous University overlookin g the Bosporous Strait. The laboratory equipment, desks and bo ok R epo rt b y Professor Ishihara shelves may be placed on exhibit at a comer o f a ro o m in the proposed building. President’s View on the Establishment of the Heritage Mu­ 2. In the new campus of TUI, construction of a five -s to re y seum in ISSMGE building is under progress for housing mainly the lib ra ry o f the University. Negotiation is underway with the Un iv e rs ity authority so that the sufficient space can be made ava ila b le After the Hamburg conference, I paid a visit to Istanbul Techni­ in one wing of the building for housing the Heritage M u ­ cal University (ITU), Vienna Technical University and D eutsche seum o f geotechnical engineering under the auspices o f Museum in Munich, attended respectively by Professor E. T o g ­ ISSMGE. In addition, the provisions w ill be made fo r liv in g rol. Professor H. Brandi and Dr. M. Sadgorski. I made hearings quarters for those wishing to do researches linked w ith the and exchange views with some o f the Board members on the es­ Museum and also for a large meeting room. A t this m om ent, tablishment o f the Heritage Museum. I also exchanged co n v e r­ provisional approval has been obtained from the TUI, and sation with other key persons in our Society. As a consequence according to the account o f Professor Togrol, final approva l of these discussions, the follow ing points have becom e clear. w ill be obtained, if the ISSMGE gives endorsement fo r the installation. 1. In each o f the institutions wishing to house the Heritage M u­ 3. If the endorsement is accorded, a geotechnical section w ill seum, there already exist a number o f documents, reports, be arranged so that it is a part o f the university library within artifacts, photographs, video films, apparatus, machines its general concept and framework. Since the floor space is which are considered as milestone artifacts attesting the de­ sufficiently large, it would be possible to collect and store velopment o f geotechnical engineering. These article s o r practically all records o f geotechnical activities th a t have properties are patrimony o f their own possession, and as been made during the last 60 - 70 years. For examples, a ll such it is difficult to request any institute to donate the heri­ proceedings o f ICSMGE and regional conferences as w e ll as tage properties to other organizations. This means tha t proceedings o f many symposia and conferences in recent physical transfer o f all articles o f importance at one desig­ years may be brought together and stored in this lib ra ry . nated Heritage Museum is not feasible. In addition, it is Thus, the proposed heritage museum w ill probably have the likely that there w ill be a number o f institutes or o rganiza­ nature o f a library o f geotechnical archives. tions coming up in future which have a stock o f precious ar­ 4. As per the budget, it is hoped that the Turkish national com­ ticles in possession. Thus, it w ill be practically impossible to mittee w ill make efforts to appropriate funds in coo pera tion transfer all o f the heritage articles to one place and establish with private and public institutions and persons. one complete integrated museum. 5. W ith respect to the continuity o f the Museum, the Technical 2. With the above fact in mind, it would be desirable to have University o f Istanbul w ill have staff members of yo u n g e r multiple heritage museums with their own flair and charac­ generation interested in the maintenance o f the geotechnical teristics at different places in the world which are designated section in coordination with the librarians o f the TUI. and authorized by ISSMGE. These museums need not neces­ 6. It is proposed that the International Board be established to sarily be established at the same time but should be the un­ institute the Heritage Museum consisting o f officers o f IS S ­ dertakings to be built upon one after another as appropriate. MGE, rector o f TUI, Chairman o f the Science Center Fo u n ­ 3. Once endorsement is given by ISSMGE, it would be an o b li­ dation and Chairman o f Turkish National Committee. gation for the national societies installing the He rita g e M u ­ seum to submit a report every year on current states o f p ro g ­ Proposal from Austrian National Society ress and maintenance o f the Museum so that these w ill be announced in the News Letter as appropriate. I have visited the Technical University o f Vienna (TU V) several 4. Regarding the finance, the initial and running costs for the times in the past and was shown around by Professor Brandi in installment and maintenance o f the Museum should be borne the laboratory o f Soil Mechanics. A proposal was also filed with by the respective national societies. The ISSMGE w ill ap­ the Board o f ISSMGE for housing the Heritage Museum . T he propriate ftinds for travel or hotel accommodation fo r those following is a summary o f the results of these contacts w ith liaison officers representing the ISSMGE. TUV. 5- There is the Terzaghi Library in the Norwegian G eotechnical Institute established by the efforts o f Dr. Bjerum. T h is li ­ 1. There are many pieces o f laboratory equipment and devices brary is to be regarded as a model o f the Heritage M u se u m that have been used from the era o f Terzaghi, A. Casagrande, and may need to be designated accordingly by ISSMGE , i f and Flohlieh. The original assemblages were destroyed d u r­ NGI wishes to do so. ing the Second W orld War but reconstructed to the o rig in a l

2867 fo rm . Several pieces o f oedometer test apparatus were set up evolvement o f science and industry. The Museum has a flo o r by collecting old timbers for loading frames based on the area o f over 46,000 m 2 in large masonry buildings which are original design sketches by Terzaghi. These apparatus are located in a sandbar area in the Isar river course flo w in g still being used today and the laboratory still retains the at­ through the city of Munich. It is very conveniently located mosphere o f what it appears to have been in the early p e rio d and has easy access to the public. It is open everyday o f soil mechanics development. throughout the year and attracts about 3,000 visitors p e r day. 2. Old documents and reports by Terzaghi, A. and L. C a- 2. According to the account by Mr. Kretzler, the executive sagrande and Flohlich have been collected from their o ld c li­ committee o f the Museum is planning to relocate som e o f the ents. The original manuscripts of several books such as exhibits existing in the ground floor to other build in g s and to “Theory of Settlement of Clays” by Terzaghi and Flo h lic h provide a floor space to establish a new section entitled were discovered and these would be on display, when the "Earth Science and Technology” . It is conceived tha t this Heritage Museum is installed. There are many pieces o f section w ill be renovated by integrating existing e xhibits of memorabilia left reflecting motives o f the forerunners fo r related technical fields into an updated framework. T h e basic developing soil mechanics and ground engineering. F o r ex­ conception for establishing this new theme park wou ld be ample. a philatelic exhibit w ill be installed with the Terzaghi envisioned in such a way where a sequence of events is stam p. traced from early period to the present state o f its develop­ 3. W ith the above items on exhibit, a Heritage Musie m in V i ­ ment. This section w ill include geology, geotechnolog y, en­ enna, if established, w ill be able to provide a fla ir o f roots o f vironmental technology and various kinds o f civil engineer­ soil mechanics, highlighting the pioneering works b y o u r ing construction works. predecessors. 3. By nature of this Museum catering to the general public, 4. At the moment, the Technical University o f Vienn a is not yet main operation consists o f exhibitions o f prototype appara­ in a position to provide a wide floor space for hou sin g the tus, mechanism the and illustrative models. Therefore , the Museum. However, a relevantly wide space may be made geotechnical section, when it is established, w ill probably available by rearranging the rooms being currently used by demonstrate models to illustrate several o f working mecha­ the Soil Mechanics Laboratory. The proposal by the A u s tria n nisms o f soil mechanics and subsurface investigatio n , pro­ Society says that a relative small museum could be in sta lle d totype apparatus o f in-situ tests such as SPT, CPT, pressi- to start with, and it w ill increase the size gradua lly in future. ometer etc. and the apparatus of laboratory testing w ith 5. W ith respect to the continuity of the Museum, the Austrian illustrative diagrams. Principle o f soil reinforcem e n t w ill proposal said that there are some Viennese geotechnical en­ also be on exhibit. These exhibits w ill be presented in coor­ gineers o f young generation who are greatly interested in the dination with those in the areas o f geology, environm ental museum and continuation o f the tradition nurtured in V i ­ geotechnics, foundation works and underground works. enna. 4. With the foreseeable feature of the exhibition as above, it 6. As per the budget, the arrangements w ill be made fo r the w ill be difficult to form the geotechnical section such that it time being based on the budget o f the Soil Mechanics L a b o ­ can cater, in details and in more sophisticated way, to those ratory o f the TUV. Special effort may be made by the A u s ­ specially interested in the history o f geotechnical engineer­ trian society to collect funds, as it is necessary, from private ing. It w ill not be appropriate in the above framew o rk to or public sources. provide exhibits with much detailed accounts of soil me­ 7. The TU V is located conveniently in the center o f Vienna and chanics principles and their application. N or w ill it be possi­ accessible by anybody wishing to visit the museum. ble to exhibit valuable documents or memorabilias o f our predecessors for normal visitors. Therefore, there w ill be lit­ Report of the Visit to Deutsche Museum in Munich on tle exhibited describing high profiles o f our great forerun­ September 10- 12,1998 ners. 5. Another important aspect would be how to finance the im­ In the evening o f Sept. 10, 1998,1 arrived at Munic h airport and plementation and maintenance o f the Heritage Museum . Dr. was met by Dr. W ellin Sadgorski who is a member o f the c o m ­ Sadgorski said that a special committee w ill be set up in the mittee in German National Society in which issues o f the Heri­ German National Society inviting members from construc­ tage Museum are discussed. He has been working as an editor of tion industries. There are many construction companies German technical journal “GEOTECHNIK” over the years and w illing to serve for this cause and there w ill be no problem is a representative o f the German Society for the committee of in this respect. Regarding the maintenance, M r. Kre tz le r said Eurocode 7. Originally, Professor Floss o f the Tech nical Univer­ that annual budget w ill be appropriated continuously from sity o f Munich was requested to be with me, but because o f his the ordinary budget o f the Deutsche Museum. Thus, the ex­ commitment outside, Dr. Sadgorski was asked to act as a coordi­ penses ISSMGE must share would be limited to those related nator instead to show me around in Munich. to travels and meetings o f officers o f our Society. On Sept. 11, 1998,1 paid a visit to the Deutsche Mu se u m to ­ 6. German National Society has already established an adhoc gether with Dr. Sadgorski. We were welcomed by Mr. W ilh e lm committee under the chairmanship o f Professor Wittke , and Kretzler, a scientific officer o f the Museum and escorted to sev­ discussed the proposal to ISSMGE with initial ideas about eral rooms exhibiting items related to civil engineering. These the implementation of the Heritage Museum. If ISSMG E included exhibitions on bridge building, hydraulic engineering, gives endorsement, then the committee w ill be extended by tunnel construction, mining-ore dressing and minera l oil-natural inviting some geotechnical experts from abroad on b e h a lf of gas. ISSMGE and some scientific officers from the Deutsche Dr. Sadgorski was with me all the way through durin g m y Museum. The Committee consisting of these three major two-day stay in Munich. As a result of conversation w ith h im groups is scheduled to develop a series o f action plans to im­ and also with Mr. Kretzler, it has become possible to understand plement the ISSMGE-sponsored Hesitage Museum in coor­ general circumstances and current state o f progress in the Ger­ dination o f the Deutsche Museum. man Society for the organization o f the Heritage Mu seum. These 7. There are two universities in Munich having the civil engi­ are summarized as follows. neering department. Technical University of Munich and University of Armed Force have a geotechnical division, 1. The Deutsche Museum is a museum o f science and te c h n o l­ whereas the Ludwig Maxim ilian University has geology de­ ogy. It was established in 1906 by Osk von M iller and has partment. These three universities are interested in partici­ expanded its coverage since then. The Museum is still im ­ pating in the establishment o f the Heritage Museum and ex­ proving its content and w ill continue to do so in fu tu re w ith

2868 pected to provide on-the-site experts taking care o f the a framework o f main sessions, with keynote speakers and paral­ M useum . lel sessions. g. There is a well-arranged library attached to the D eutsche There w ill be no specific theme for the conference, to a llo w Museum. It contains a large body o f books and docum ents in flexibility for delegates in preparing their papers. Session topics respective fields o f science and engineering. Similar ar­ w ill be choacn in light o f the papers submitted. rangements w ill be made for the geotechnical engine e rin g In arranging the conference programme particular em phasis documents w ith provisions o f book shelves etc. w ill be placed on allowing time for open discussion within the sessions. Drawing on the situations as described above, I am o f the opin­ ion that, although it w ill not be possible to highligh t the contri­ 3.0 Provisional programme butions o f our predecessors, the proposed type o f m useum would be considered attractive from the view point that the geotechni­ F rid a y 8 September Informal evening reception cal profession is recognized publicly with the same degree o f Saturday 9 September Plenary and parallel sessions strength as the structural and hydraulic engineering have had. Sunday 10 September Daylong field trip to the Isle of The proposal by the German Society would also be o f value in Wight. Small groups o f delegates the sense that the Museum w ill greatly contribute to prom ote w ill be lead by engineering ge­ public education in the area o f geotechnical engine ering which is ologists with knowledge of the one of the important tasks assigned to ISSMGE. area. M o n d a y 11 Septem ber Plenary and parallel sessions. Conference dinner in evening APPENDIX 9 - INTERNATIONAL YGEC 2000 Tuesday 12 September Plenaiy and parallel sessions

Wednesday 13 September Morning sessions with end of Report by Secretary General conference at lunchtime.

A meeting o f the Organising Committee for YGEC 2000 w as We propose to have 4 sessions in each full day - 2 in the morn­ held on 24 November 1998. It was decided to hold the c o n fe r­ in g and 2 in the afternoon - and each running for an hour and a ence over 4'A days with full day sessions on Saturday 9 Septem­ half. The facilities at the University o f Southampton allow for ber 2000 and on Monday, Tuesday 11 and 12 respectively and a both plenary and parallel sessions and the programm e o f sessions Zi day session on Wednesday 13 September. A visit to the Isle o f w ill be confirmed once we have firm details o f the n u m b e r o f Wight landslips is scheduled for Sunday 10 September. The rea­ delegates and the range o f topics o f the submitted papers. son for including Saturday and Sunday in the conference timeta­ We intend to produce a glossy “ souvenir bulletin” o f the c o n ­ ble is to minimise the time the delegates need to be away from ference, which would include notes for the field trip and would their place o f work and to take advantage o f lower plane tees provide a lasting document o f the conference. when a Saturday night is included. Excellent university accommodation has been booked on fa­ 4.0 Keynote speakers and session chairmen vourable terms, together with lecture halls, aliovh og for both plenary sessions and parallel discussion sessions. Tins may be Keynote speakers were selected to provide the opportunity for necessary if the total number o f delegates is around 100 as ex­ delegates to hear from internationally renowned fig ures in the pected. T h re e le a d in g in te rn a tio n a l fig u re s, D r S u a m e Lacasse, geotechnical field. D r Suzanne Lacasse and Prof. .R obert M air Professor Robert M air and Professor Kenji Ishihara are being in­ and have accepted invitations to present keynote lectures at the vited to g iv e ke yn o te lectures. conference and invitations have also been sent to P rof. Kenji Delegates w ill be asked to submit written accounts o f th e ir Ishihara and Prof. Kerry Rowe. The keynote lectures w ill form presentations to not exceed 2 sides o f A4, which w ill be bound into one volume as proceedings for the conference. the focus o f the main sessions o f the conference. Each session w ill have a chairman who w ill be responsib le The budget for the conference, including all accomm o d a tio n for keeping the delegates’ presentations to time and encouraging and facilities costs, but excluding travel costs, is GBP35000 to open discussion. We w ill approach key members o f the B ritis h GBP40000, o f which ISSMGE is contributing GBP9000. O th e r geotechnical community to act as session chairmen, as w e ll as sources o f fu n d s are b e in g investig ated , in c lu d in g p riv a te co m ­ the keynote lecturers themselves, staff of the Univ e rs ity o f pany sponsorship. Modest contributions have been promise d by the British Geotechnical Society and the Royal Acade m y o f E n ­ Southampton and the organising committee. gineers. ft is also proposed to o ffe r a d v e rtisin g space in the con­ ference brochure. 5.0 Organising Committee

Prof. John Atkinson Report to ISSMGE: M r Chris Eccles Rachel Kelly, British Geotedmkal Society Mrs Rachel Nicholls Dr Dick Parry 1.0 General Prof. W illiam Powrie Dr David Richards The British Geotechnical Society w ill host the Interna tio n a l Young Geotechnical Engineers’ Conference in September 2000. 6.0 Funding The conference is to be heW at the University o f Southam p­ ton from n * to 18th September. Previously YGEC events have The budget cost o f the conference, including accomm od ation , been held in various cootments but to mark the m illennium, the room hire, field trips and conference dinner, is £40,000. VGEC 2000 w ill be international and 2 delegates w ill be invited To date, the follow ing funding has been confirmed: from each o f the ISSMGE member societies. ISSMGE £9,000 2.0 Brief Descrittisi of the Conference Format B G S £1,000 Royal Academy of Engineers £400 The aim o f the conference is to bring together young g e o te ch n i­ cal engineers from around the world to present their work within We intend to cover all the costs associated with hosting the con-

2869 ference so that delegates w ill only need to cove travel costs to PROPOSED TIMETABLE FOR 2001 AWARD Southampton. To raise the remainder o f the conference cost we are currently w riting to geotechnical organisations to offer spon­ Date Event or Key Milestone sorship and advertising opportunities. Personnel A u g . 2001 ICSMGE (Istanbul) Presentation A u g . 2001 Council Meeting R epo rt APPENDIX 10 - ESTABLISHMENT OF YOUNG M a y 2001 Board Meeting Final decision GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERS' AWARD A p r il 2001 Award Committee Report to Board members with recommendation Jan. 2001 Member Societies Deadline for nomination Report by Professor M F Randolph D ec. 20 00 Organizing Com­ Deadline for final manu­ m itte e scripts for ICSMGE 1. Purposes N o v . 2000 Secretary General Member Societies invited The aim o f the ISSMGE Young Member Award is to encourage to nominate candidates research and development in the field o f geotechnical engineer­ M id - 1999 Secretary General Announcement of Young ing and to acknowledge the contribution o f young mem bers o f Member Award in Bulle­ the Society. The award w ill be given in recognition o f a chieve­ tin 2 of ICSMGE, ISS­ MGE News and web-site ment during the four-year period preceding the year o f the June 1999 Council Meeting Report and acceptance in award. The ISSMGE Award w ill be presented to one or m ore p rin c ip le individuals who have made outstanding contributions to the de­ M a rc h 1999 Board Meeting Agreement on award con­ velopment o f geotechnical engineering through their scientific d itio n s and technological work.

APPENDIX 11 - RELATION W ITH ISRM, IAEG AND 2. Conditions OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS A maximum o f three awards w ill be given to ISSMGE m em bers who are less than 36 years o f age on 31 December of the last Report by Secretary General year o f the four-year period, which w ill normally be the year in which the quadrennial ICSMGE is held. ISSMGE continued to be an Affiliated Member of the Interna­ tional Union o f Geological Sciences (IUGS). 3. Nomination of Candidates A meeting o f the President and Secretaries General o f the three Sister Societies, ISMGE, ISRM and IAEG was held in One nomination may be made by each member society based on Naples on 12 October 1998 at the venue and time o f the Interna­ technical papers submitted to the forthcoming ICSMG E , o r the tional Symposium on Hard Soils-Soft Rocks. A discussion on immediately preceding regional CSMGE. Each nominatio n GeoEng 2000 had taken place on the previous day. It is o f inter­ should be accompanied by a CV for the nominee and, in the case est that a number o f other international bodies have agreed to co­ o f nominations based on jointly authored papers, a statement o f sponsor this conference and keynote lectures are be in g given by the contribution made by the nominee. senior members o f IGS, ITA and I AH as well as members o f the three Sister societies. 4. Award Committee A record of the joint meeting prepared by Professor R N Taylor follows. The subjects discussed included cooperation The Award Committee w ill comprise five Board Members o f the between Technical Committees or Commissions o f the three So­ ISSMGE, with preference given to the younger members. O ne cieties on topics o f common or mutual interest, join t conference o f them w ill be appointed by the President as Chair o f the Com­ sponsorship and the problems o f surcharges, websites and other mittee. The Committee w ill be responsible for selecting appro­ means o f disseminating news. It was agreed that the next joint priate reviewers, summarizing the review results and reporting to meeting o f officers o f the three Sister Societies sho uld take place the B oard. in November 2000, at the time and venue o f GeoEng 2000.

5. Procedures Meeting o f Presidents and Secretaries General ISSMGE, ISRM, IAEG on 12 October 1998 - Report By Professor R N Nominations must be received at the ISSMGE Secretariat no Taylor later than two weeks follow ing the deadline set for submission o f papers to the forthcoming ICSMGE; this w ill normally be about Present: four months before the Board Meeting preceding the IC S M G E . Professor K Ishihara, President, ISSMGE The Secretary General w ill prepare a list o f the no minations and Professor M F Randolph Vice President Australasia, ISSMGE forward copies of each nomination to members o f the A w a rd Dr R H G Parry, Secretary General, ISSMGE Committee for them to review. The review process mu st be Professor R N Taylor Secretary General Elect, ISSMGE completed and the final report sent to the Board Me m bers no P rofe ssor S S akurai President, ISRM later than three weeks before the Board Meeting. The final deci­ Professor M Panet President Elect, ISRM sion w ill be made at the Board Meeting based on the report from P rofe ssor G B a rla Vice President Europe, ISRM the Award Committee. The award(s) w ill be presented at the Professor P Marinos President, IAEG closing ceremony o f the ICSMGE. The discussion regarding GeoEng2000 had taken place on the previous day. Minutes and notes were taken by D r C Haberfield., 6. Content M r M Ervin (circulated 16 O cto b e r 1998) and these identify Each award w ill consist o f a certificate and a cheque for UK£500 various actions. (value to be reviewed every four years). Issues regarding Technical Committees (ISSMGE) and

2870 Commissions (IS R M and IAEG) were discussed. APPENDIX 12 - M ANUAL FOR PREPARATION OF The ISSMGE have 30 Technical Committees, the ISRM have TECHNICAL PAPERS 9 Commissions and the LAEG have 8 Commissions. The com­ mon themes between all three Societies concern education, la n d ­ Report by Professor R N Taylor slides, and monuments; geophysics is common between ISS­ MGE and ISRM. It was noted that there was likely to be Introduction considerable variability in activity, operation, de liverables and maturity o f the various Committees but that they at least all usu­ A t the Council meeting held in Hamburg in September 1997, the ally arranged to meet at specialist conferences, though other Israel Member Society presented a proposal that there should be smaller meetings may take place at other conferences. Clearly, a manual for the preparation o f technical papers fo r conferences there is the p o te n tia l fo r jo in t C o m m is s io n m eetings, fo r exa m ple held under the auspices o f the International Society. The key is­ at GeoEng2000 in Melbourne, and the Presidents agreed to co n ­ sue o f concern was the different layouts required b y different tact the relevant Committee Chairmen pointing out the potential publishing companies could cause some confusion and potential for collaboration and requesting an appropriate con tact person difficulties for Authors. (who clearly must be an active core member) to liaise between Following the Council meeting, Professor Bogossian pre­ Committees. The relevant Committees w ill be encouraged to pared a draft manual which presented guidelines con cerning pa­ consider holding joint meetings and/or workshops, especially at per size, typeface, layout including headings, illu strations, tables common conferences e.g. the Landslides conference in Cardiff, and equations, and references. These guidelines concentrated on UK, June 2000, and it was resolved that joint worksh o p s o r the production o f technical papers using a word-processor. They meetings should be held during GeoEng2000 in Melbou rn e . O n were sent to the Israel Member Society for comment. T h e re­ this point, it was suggested that D r Gary Mostyn should be en­ sponse was generally favourable, with some addition a l sugges­ couraged to organise and chair workshop in Melbourn e on la n d ­ tions made. slides, and Professor Sakurai agreed to contact D r Mos ty n about Technical papers prepared for conferences have until n o w this. usually been submitted in camera ready form. The la y o u t has These items concerned sponsorship o f conferences and the is­ been specified by the publishing house, chosen by the c o n fe r­ sue of charging a surcharge on registration to non-m em bers o f ence organisers, and essentially reflects the house-style o f the societies. publisher. This is likely to remain the case, certa inly in so far as The ISRM were concerned about the addition o f surcharges, page size and margins are concerned, and prescriptive guidelines and pointed out that the practice could lead to difficulties - for can only focus on the overall appearance o f technic a l papers. example the IT A did not apply a surcharge and this could cause The publishers, Balkema, have often been used to pu b lis h problems with a joint conference. The policy o f ISRM is to ap­ conference proceedings for the ISSMGE. They do not have the ply a surcharge only to the International (and not R egional) Con­ monopoly on publishing ISSMGE material, but other p u blishers ferences. The ISSMGE clarified its position o f chargin g a sur­ have had similar house styles. The different styles available charge for the quadriennial International Conference and the through Balkema are: Environmental Engineering Congress. The IAEG policy is, in cases where financial sponsorship is given, to recover a share o f (i) Large format: final page size A4 (210mm 2 297mm ), type d the profits; the investment is lost if no profits are made. The area 230 □ 327mm in two columns each 110mm wide. GeoEng2000 conference was seen as a rather unique event and (ii) Medium format: final page size B5 (176mm □ 250 m m ), that the normal arrangements o f surcharges did not apply. typed area 187mm □ 268mm in two columns each 90mm Regarding sponsorship, Professor Sakurai expressed som e wide; a copy o f the Balkema layout is attached. surprise at discovering in the past an ISRM sponsored c o n fe r­ (iii) CD-ROM format: continuous single column, width 156m m . ence to have also been sponsored by the ISSMGE. Dr P arry ex­ plained that since there were many conferences bein g organised Option (i) has generally been used for the quadrien nial interna­ by the ISSMGE membership, then the ISSMGE effectively tional conference and also for some major regional conferences. sponsored many events. He tabled a list o f about 30 Conferences The large format requires cut-and-paste, unless an A3 printer is and Symposia w ith some form o f ISSMGE sponsorship. In o rd e r available. Option (ii) has often been used for smaller, specialist to avoid confusion regarding conference sponsorship, there conferences and is very convenient in that the paper in final form needed to be a m o re re g u la r exchange o f in fo rm a tio n . In the past, can be printed using a standard A4 printer. Both o f these 2 op­ there had been an arrangement for the 3 Secretaries General to tions require camera-ready copy that is subsequently p h o to - meet periodically to discuss issues including the diary o f events reduced by about 75% for final publication. Option (iii) is quite and style o f publicity. D r Parry asked Professor Sakurai if Dr recent and applies to the X I 1th ECSMGE and GeoEng20 00 con­ Rodrigues could organise such a meeting in 1999. ferences. The single column requirement is to allow scrolling on There had been some developments regarding web-sites. In a computer, and should be designed for ease o f reading on a particular, the ISSMGE was developing a new site wh ic h w o u ld standard computer screen. provide reasonably comprehensive information includ in g news Guidelines on the preparation o f technical papers, consistent items and also lin k s to m e m ber societies, te c h n ica l com m ittee s with those normally issued by Balkema, were presented at the and conference organisers web-sites. It was hoped that the new Council Meeting. The example used was the Option (ii) la y o u t site would be launched by the end o f 1998. used by Balkema and specified above and it was assumed that The various methods of disseminating news items by the ISO A4 paper (210mm □ 297mm) would be used. Special em ­ three societies were discussed. The only foreseen change was b y phasis was placed on the font used particularly for annotations the ISSMGE which planned to reduce, and eventually abandon, w ithin figures. the printed newsletter but to instead place all items on the web­ site. The tim ing o f the cessation o f the printed new sletter had not APPENDIX 13-AU D ITED ACCOUNTS 1997, 1998 yet been defined. During the discussions on the previous day, it had been Report by Secretary General agreed that there should be a meeting in Melbourne in 1999. After some debate it was agreed that this meeting s hould take ISSMGE Accounts 1997 place during the last two weeks in November. M r M Ervin has since suggested 21 November 1999, but is awaiting confirm a tio n The cash balance for 1997 showed a deficit o f CHF59 823 in the from the Presidents and Secretaries General o f the s uitability of Credit Suisse account and a net surplus o f GBP28722 in the UK this date. Professor Ishihara would preside over the m eeting. accounts. Assuming GBP1 = CHF2.4 this gives an overa ll in ­

2871 crease o f GB P3796. W hile this may seem satisfactory it should COMPARISON OF 1997 AND 1998 ACCOUNTS be viewed in the light that a sum of GBP 16762 was received ITEM 1997 (GBP) 1998 (GBP) from the Hamburg Conference, and GBP4500 charges fo r p rin t­ (1 GBP = (1 GBP = ing and posting the 1997 List o f Members appear in the 1998 ac­ 2.4 CHF) 2.285 CHF) counts, as Balkema was late in submitting his invoice . ORDINARY ITEMS It can be seen from the comparison o f 1997 receipts and ex­ RECEIPTS penditures against ordinary budget amounts that Mem ber Society Member Society Subscriptions 64867 80467 Income was GBP18333 less than budget and Interest received Interest (less Corporation Tax) 8585 8482 was GBP4S85 more than budget. Most expenditure item s agree 73452 88949 reasonably with budget figures, with the exception o f Travel, EXPENDITURE which was GBP7829 less than budget. Emoluments and Staff Costs 45404 46135 The Extraordinary items show Corporate Member subscrip­ Office Costs and Equipment 1574 892 tions GBP2961 less than budget and Conference Incom e Photocopying and Printing 1819 377 GBP3238 less than budget. There was no expenditure un d e r Telephone and Fax 1414 1438 Other Initiatives or List of Members, but expenditu re on ISS- Postage 2002 689 MGE News was slightly above budget. Stationery 2090 692 Audit Fees/Bank Charges 1280 1500 ISSMGE Accounts 1998 Travel (less refunds) 16371 12005 71954 63728 The ISSMGE audited accounts for 1998, are attached. T h e cash EXTRAORDINARY ITEMS balance for 1998 showed a decrease o f C H F115331 in the Credit Suisse account and a net increase o f GBP50433 in the U K ac­ RECEIPTS counts. Assuming GBP1 = CHF2.285 this gives an overa ll in ­ Corporate Member Subscriptions 3039 1194 Conference Income 16762 - crease o f GBP40. As recommended by Prof Robert M air at the Royalties: Proceedings/Reports - - last Board Meeting and agreed by that Meeting a large portion of Sales of Slides and Publications 483 254 the Swiss funds (CHF240000) was transferred to the U K and 20284 1448 placed in Barclays one-year Treasury Deposits. The to ta l amounts placed in the Treasury Deposits were GBP 120000 at EXPENDITURE 7.125% interest and GBP50000 at 6.6875% interest, m ade up o f Conference Support 7506 2000 the transferred Swiss funds and GBP80000 transferred from the Proceedings and Reports - - UK National Savings Investment Account. Model Library -- Comparing the 1998 accounts to the 1997 accounts (see Other Initiatives - - tabulation) it can be seen that Member Society subscriptions o f Slides 48 125 GBP80467 for 1998 were well in excess of the 1997 fig u re o f Kevin Nash Gold Medal 847 - « GBP64867. There is no obvious explanation for this as M e m b e r List of Members 4546 10011 7456 Society subscriptions are usually high in Council M eeting years, ISSMGE News - 2183 but this was not the case in 1997. Thus the higher figure in 1998 Website is partly explained by some back payments being made and by a 18439 16310 difference in exchange rates o f GBP to CHF. The latter accounts for about GBP3700 o f the difference. 1998 COMPARISON OF ACCOUNTS AND BUDGET A number o f ordinary expenditure items in 1998 were s ig n ifi­ ITEM ACTUAL (GBP) BUDGET cantly less than in 1997, for example office equipm ent, photo­ (1 GBP = copying and printing, postage, stationery and trave l, with the re­ 2.29 CHF) sult that ordinary expenditure in 1998 of GBP63728 was ORDINARY ITEMS substantially less than GBP71954 in 1997. Extraordin a ry ac­ RECEIPTS counts items show large differences between 1997 and 1998, the Member Society Subscriptions 80467 76000 conference income from the X IV ICSMGE in Hamburg bo o stin g Interest (less Corporation Tax) 8482 8000 receipts by GBP 16762, which with Corporate Member sub scrip­ 88949 84000 tions and sales gave total receipts o f GBP20284 in 1997 c o m ­ pared to GBP 1448 in 1998. The Corporate Member sub scrip­ EXPENDITURE tions o f GBP1194 in 1998 were low, partly because dues notices Emoluments and Secretariat Costs 51723 54000 were sent out late. Conference support expenditure o f GBP7506 Travel 12005 27750 in 1997 (YGECs and GeoEng 2000) was much higher than the 63728 81750 YGEC contribution of GBP2000 in 1998. The expenditu re fo r EXTRAORDINARY ITEMS ISSMGE News in 1997 o f GBP 10011, which included som e late payments for 1996, was slightly higher than the com bined cost RECEIPTS Corporate Member Subscriptions 1194 6000 o f the News and Website o f GBP9639 for 1998. The exp enditu re - 8000 o f GBP4546 for the 1997 List of Members also appears in the Conference Income 254 - 1998 accounts giving an overall expenditure of GBP 16310 in Sales/Refunds 14000 1998, slightly less than the amount o f GBP 18439 in 1997. 1448 Comparing the 1998 accounts with budget figures approved EXPENDITURE by the 1997 Council Meeting it can be seen in the attached Conference Support 2000 4000 tabulation that the Member Society subscriptions o f G B P 8 0 4 6 7 Model Library - 4000 were higher than GBP76000 in the budget and emolume nts and List of Members 4546 - other Secretariat costs o f GBP51723 were below the budget fig­ ISSMGE News 7456 9000 ure o f GBP54000. The travel expenditure of GBP 12005 was W ebsite 2183 - substantially less than the budget figure o f GBP27750, giving an Slides 125 - overall expenditure under Ordinary items o f GBP6372 8 , sub­ Other Initiatives - 10000 stantially less than the GBP81750 in the budget. 16310 27000 Under Extraordinary items receipts from Corporate M e m b e r

2872 Interna tiona l S ociety fo r S oil M echanics and G eotechnical E ngineering

R eceipts and paym ents account for the year ended 31 D ecem ber 1997

Credit Barclays Investment University Suisse Bank Accounts of Cambridge SFV £ £ £

Cash balance at 1 January 1997 292,143 53.168 154,267 (741)

Add: Receipts Member Society subscriptions 150,640 2,135 - Corporate Member subscriptions - 3,126 - Conference income - 16,777 - Publication sales - 189 - Slide sales - 294 - Interest received - 2,354 8,734 -

442.783 78,043 163,001 (741)

Less: Payments Emoluments and staff costs 30,224 15,180 Thvel and entertainment 16,327 - Photocopying - 1,819 Iblephone, fax and homepage 1,414 - Postage 8 1,994 Stationery 1,311 780 Newsletter 9,999 - Audit fees 1,058 - Bank charges 463 264 - Corporation tax 2,503 - Conference support 7,464 - Slides - 48 Office equipment 1,087 487 Kevin Nash Gold Medal 874 -

463 72,533 20,308

Add: TVnnsfers from other accounts - 87,954 15,000 less: Transfers to other accounts 210,000 15,000 -

Cash balance at 31 December 1997 232,320 78,464 163,001 (6,049)

(Decreose)/Increase in cash balance (59,823) 25,296 8,734 (5,308)

Information: At 31 December 1997 - £1 » SR2.3999

8 / ^ / q ï Secretary General Dote

2873 Internationa l S ociety fo r S oil M echanics and G eotechnical E ngineering

R eceipts and paym ents account fo r the year ended 31 D ecem ber 1998

C r e d it B a rc la y s In v e s tm e n t U n iv e r s ity S u is s e Bank Accounts of Cambridge S R : £ £ £

Cash balance at I January 1998 2 3 2 ,3 2 0 78,464 163,001 ( 6 , 0 4 9 )

Add: Receipts Member Society subscriptions 175,170 3,806 - Corporate Member subscriptions - 1 ,1 9 4 - Conference income -- - Publication sales and slide sales - 2 5 4 - Corporation tax refund - 5 - Interest received - 2 ,3 8 4 8 ,5 1 3 -

4 0 7 ,4 9 0 8 6 ,1 0 7 1 7 1 ,5 1 4 ( 6 ,0 4 9 )

Less: Payments Em olum ents and staff costs 3 0 ,0 8 0 1 6 ,0 5 5 lYuvel and entertainment - 1 1 ,9 5 0 5 5 Photocopying -- 3 7 7 Iblephone, fax and homepage - 1 ,4 3 8 - P o s ta g e -- 6 8 9 S ta tio n e r y - 4 9 8 19 4 W e b s ite - 2 ,1 8 3 N e w s le tte r - 7 ,4 5 6 A u d it fe e s - 1 ,0 9 3 Bank charges 5 0 1 1 8 8 Corporation tax - 2 ,4 1 5 Conference support - 2 ,0 0 0 S lid e s -. 125 Office equipment - 3 9 7 4 9 5 Kevin Nash Gold Medal -- - List of members - 4 ,5 4 6 -

5 0 1 6 4 ,2 4 4 - 1 7 ,9 9 0

Add: Transfers from other accounts • 1 9 6 ,5 1 1 1 7 0 ,0 0 0 2 5 ,0 0 0

Less: Transfers to other accounts (290,000) (1 9 5 ,0 0 0 ) (8 0 ,0 0 0 ) •

Cash balance at 31 December 1998 1 1 6 ,9 8 9 2 3 ,3 7 4 2 6 1 ,5 1 4 9 6 1

(Decrease)/lncrease In cash balance (1 1 5 ,3 3 1 ) ( 5 5 ,0 9 0 ) 9 8 ,5 1 3 7 ,0 1 0

Information: At 31 December 1998 • £1 ■» SFr 2.285

Secretary General D a te 2 _ &

2874 subscriptions were G BP1194 compared with a budget figure of (GBP 9000 in 1999) for Website Maintenance. The setting up GBP6000, and there was no Conference Income, with the result and maintenance of an active website is a new and important that actual receipts of GBP 1448 fell far short of the budgeted initiative for the ISSMGE. It is intended that the website will GBP 14000. On the other hand there was no expenditure in 1998 gradually replace the Newsletter over the next few years. on Model Library or other initiatives, for which GBP4000 and GBP 10000 were allowed for the budget. Thus, despite an expen­ 3. Extraordinary Budget diture of GBP4546 on List of Members, for which there was nothing in the budget, the actual overall expenditure one extra A higher figure (GBP 9,000) has been shown for Corporate ordinary item o f GBP 16310 was substantially less than Member Subscriptions (Item 1 of Receipts) for 1999. This is be­ GBP27000 as budgeted. cause some 1998 subscriptions will in fact be paid in 1999. Also six of the Corporate Members paid for 5 years in 1994 and will be due to make new payments in 1999. The budget figures for APPENDIX 14-BUDGET 1999-2002 the years 2000, 2001 and 2002 remain based on the current Cor­ porate Membership - this may well change with new arrange­ Report by Professor R J Mair ments under consideration. The budget figures for the SGI Line (Item 1 of Expenditure) Notes on Issmge Budget for 1999-2002 reflect the agreed charges of USS 13,500 for 1999, $10,000 for 2000 and $6,000 for each subsequent year. 1. General Under Conference Support (Item 2 of Expenditure), GBP 16,500 has been allowed for the year 2000, comprising support Attached are the following tables: for YGEC 2000. This is made up of GBP 9,000 promised to the • ISSMGE Ordinary Budget for 1999-2002 Organising Committee, and a further GBP 7,500 which has been • ISSMGE Extraordinary Budget for 1999-2002 discussed by the Board as a possible contribution to delegate • ISSMGE Cash Balance Forecast for 1999-2002 fares. In view of the setting up of the new Website, which will be These tables differ to some extent from those circulated with the active and informative to ISSMGE members, the budget shows a Agenda and Papers for the Council Meeting at Amsterdam in diminishing expenditure on the Newsletter (Item 3 o f Expendi­ June 1999. The Extraordinary Budget and the Cash Balance ture). It has been assumed that the full expenditure will be com­ Forecast have been amended following discussion and approval mitted to the Newsletter in 1999, and then reducing steadily to of changes at the Board Meeting in Paris in March 1999. zero expenditure in 2002 as the Website eventually fully replaces All the figures are given in GB Pounds, based on the as­ the Newsletter. sumption o f the exchange rate 1 GBP = 2.24 CHF. This is the Item 4 of the Expenditure allows for GBP 3600 to cover costs rate at 15th December 1998. 1 GBP has ranged from 1.87 to 2.4 of producing the Francophone bulletin and La Lettre de la Geo­ CHF in recent years. It should be appreciated that the finances of technique in the year 1999. In addition, a late payment o f GBP the Society significantly depend on this exchange rate, princi­ 2500 for the same item for the year 1998 has been included, pally because the Income (ie Member Society subscriptions) is in thereby totalling GBP 6100. The cost of GBP 3600 reduces in Swiss Francs whereas the Expenditure is largely in GB Pounds. subsequent years as these publications, in common with the Newsletter, transfer to the Website. 2. Ordinary Budget Item 5 of the Expenditure allows for GBP 1500 in the year 2001 for the proposed ISSMGE Young Members Awards. It is Member Society Subscriptions (Item 1 of Receipts) have been intended that these will be based on the best 3 papers submitted budgeted for the years 1999, 2000 and 2001 at GBP 72,000. This to the ICSMGE by ISSMGE members less than 36 years o f age is based on the current exchange rate. A 12.5% increase in sub­ in the year preceding an ICSMGE. scriptions has been budgeted for the year 2002. The last increase Item 8 of the Expenditure (Other Initiatives) allows for GB in subscription rates was in 1991. 2000 per year for the Francophone Model Library. Interest (Item 2 of Receipts) will increase significantly com­ pared with previous years, now that funds from the Society’s 4. Cash Balance Forecast Swiss Bank account have been transferred to a high interest ac­ count in the UK. The budgeted figure of GBP 12,000 per year The budget figures lead to substantial deficits over the next 4 for 2000, 2001 and 2002 compares with interest earned o f about years, reducing the Society’s cash balance from GBP 339,200 in GBP 8,000 per year in previous years. The figure of GBP 17,000 1997 to GBP 217,700 in 2002. This is believed to be acceptable interest for 1999 includes about GBP 5,000 which will be paid in and to reflect Council’s wish to make good use of the Society’s 1999 in respect o f funds put on deposit in 1998. accumulated assets by supporting new initiatives (eg Heritage Emoluments and Staff Costs (Item 1 of Expenditure) have Museums, Model Library, Touring Lecture Course, Slides, Vid­ been budgeted at a higher figure in 1999 than in subsequent eos, CD Roms, support of YGEC, Young Members Awards). years. This reflects the additional costs associated with the tran­ It should be appreciated, nevertheless, that it will probably be sition of Secretary-General from Dr Parry to Professor Taylor in necessary to achieve less of a deficit in the years following 2002 the course of 1999. (Dr Parry will continue until the end of the to avoid a continuing reduction of the Society’s assets. Council Meeting in Amsterdam in June 1999; Professor Taylor has already commenced some of his duties.) The cost of the tran­ sition, including the expenses of the office transfer (see Item 11 APPENDIX 15 - GUIDELINES FOR REDUCTIONS IN of Expenditure) is estimated to be about GBP 11,000. This com­ REGISTRATION FEE FOR ISSMGE SPONSORED prises additional emoluments of GBP 6,000 (included in Item 1 CONFERENCES of the Expenditure for 1999) plus GBP 5,000 for costs o f the of­ fice transfer. After 1999, the total of Emoluments and Staff Background Costs and Office Rental (Item 2 of Expenditure) amounts to GBP 45,000 in the year 2000, increasing by a small amount in The Board of the ISSMGE suggests that organisers of confer­ the subsequent years. This figure compares with the Emoluments ences conducted under the aegis of the ISSMGE are urged to and Staff Costs for 1998 of about GBP 46,000; no office rental is make efforts to offer reduced registration fees to encourage par­ charged by Cambridge University for Dr Parry’s office. ticipation by young professionals and by those from countries Item 10 of Expenditure is a new item of GBP 8000 per year with low GDPs, in accordance with the guidelines as detailed

2875 below. It should be noted that these guidelines are not manda­ outlined below. This applies to organisers of ISSMGE spon­ tory, but nevertheless it is hoped that conference organisers will sored conferences, and particularly to organisers o f the main re­ find them useful. gional and international conferences of the ISSMGE.

2. Reduced Registration Fees GUIDANCE ON REDUCED REGISTRA TION FEES 1. Objective Three forms of reduced registration fees are proposed in order to encourage wider participation by those with limited financial re­ The ISSMGE wishes to encourage wider participation at inter­ sources: national conferences by those from developing countries (i.e. 1. Group registration fees, whereby up to 4 participants share a those with a low GDP per head of population), and by young single registration fee, apart from supplementary payment to professionals, particularly those still undertaking research de­ cover actual costs. A single copy of the conference pro­ grees. In order to achieve this, it is proposed that potential or­ ceedings (and other associated material) would be provided ganisers of such conferences undertake to follow the principles to one member of the group (paying the full registration fee),

ISSMGE ORDINARY BUDGET (GB POUNDS) 1999 - 2002 RECEIPTS 1999 2000 2001 2002 1 Member Society Subscriptions 72000 72000 72000 81000 2 Interest 17000 12000 12000 12000 Total 89000 84000 84000 93000 EXPENDITURE 1 Emoluments and Staff Costs 48000 40000 41500 43000 2 Office Rental 3000 5000 5000 5000 3 Travel and Entertainment 27500 27500 27500 27500 4 Photocopying 2000 1400 2000 1500 5 Telephone and Fax 1500 1500 1600 1600 6 Postage 2000 1600 2000 1600 7 Stationery 2200 1500 2200 1600 8 Audit Fees and Bank Charges 1500 1600 1700 1800 9 Corporation Tax 2000 4000 2800 2800 10 Website Maintenance 9000 8000 8000 8000 11 Office Transfer 5000 --- 12 Office Equipment - 1000 1000 1000 Total 103700 93100 95300 95400 SURPLUS (DEFICIT) (14700) (9100) (11300) (2400)

ISSMGE EXTRAORDINARY BUDGET (GB POUNDS) 1999 - 2002 RECEIPTS 1999 2000 2001 2002 1 Corporate Member Subscriptions 9000 5000 6000 6000 2 Conference Income 2700 - 25000 4000 3 Sales - Publications, Audio-Visual material 400 500 500 500 Total 12100 5500 31500 10500 EXPENDITURE 1 SGI Line 8400 6200 3800 3800 2 Conference Support 2000 16500 6000 6000 3 Newsletter 10000 5000 2500 - 4 Francophone bulletins 6100 1800 1000 - 5 Young Members Awards -- 1500 - 6 List of Members -- 6000 - 7 Heritage Museums 1500 1500 2000 2000 8 Other Initiatives (eg Model Library, Touring Lec­ 8000 14000 14000 14000 ture Course, Slides, Videos, CD Roms) Total 36000 45000 36800 25800 SURPLUS (DEFICIT) (23900) (39500) (5300) (15300)

ISSMGE ORDINARY AND EXTRAORDINARY BUDGET -CASH BALANCE FORECAST (GB POUNDS) 1999 - 2002 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Overall Surplus (Deficit) 100 (38600) (48600) (16600) (17700)

Cash Balance (assuming 1GBP = 2.24 CHF) 339,200 300,600 252,000 235,400 217,700

2876 and the additional members of the group would pay a sig­ It is this very broad experience of geotechnical engineering, nificantly reduced fee (in the region of 25 % of the full fee) both at the academic research level and as a practising engineer, to cover raw per capita costs such as tea and coffee breaks, that has made Dick Parry such a wise and invaluable Secretary- or lunches where these are an integral part of the conference General of our Society. He is equally able to converse with uni­ programme. It is envisaged that group registrants would not versity researchers as with practising engineers, and he has trav­ comprise more than 10 % of the total number of participants, elled to numerous countries where he has lectured on many top­ and would generally be restricted to those from developing ics, including in recent times subjects as diverse as the mysteries countries. of the construction of the Pyramids in Egypt. 2. Student registration fees (partially subsidised by the re­ Our Society owes Dr Parry a great debt for everything he has maining participants or additional sponsorship). The aim done over the past 18 years to steer it on a straight course, over­ would be to set such fees in the region of 50 % of the full seeing a considerable expansion of its activities. He has been an fee, and to include a set of the proceedings and associated outstanding Secretary-General and I would like to express both material, and full access to social events that are an integral my and our sincere appreciation to you, Dr Parry, for all that you part of the conference (such as welcome receptions, tea and have done for our Society. coffee breaks etc, but not necessarily the conference dinner). Such reduced fees would generally only be offered to full­ Mrs Amy Cobb time students. 3. A number of free registrations (up to 3 % of the total number This is also the last Council meeting attended by Mrs Amy of participants, fully subsidised by the remaining participants Cobb, secretary to Dr Parry. I would also like to express the So­ or additional sponsorship), for individuals from poorer ciety’s great appreciation to Mrs Cobb for all her hard work in countries who are disadvantaged financially, and have a par­ running the Society’s affairs so efficiently and with such hu­ ticular case for attending the conference (such as current or mour. She has been an invaluable support to Dr Parry for the last recently completed doctoral research, or a design applica­ 15 years and we are very grateful to her for everything she has tion, in the area covered by the conference). Consideration done to ensure an excellent and smooth operation of the Secre- of the financial grounds for a free registration should take tary-General’s office. account of the GDP per head of population of the country, in addition to the particular circumstances of the individual.

APPENDIX 16 - APPRECIATION FOR THE OUTGOING SECRETARY GENERAL, DR R H G PARRY

Farewell message to Dr R H G Parry by the President, Pro­ fessor Kenji Ishihara

Before this meeting of Council is closed, there is one further very important matter that I must address. This is the last meet­ ing of Council at which Dr Parry serves as Secretary-General, and I would like to pay tribute to the enormous contribution he has made to our Society. Dr Parry became Secretary-General of our Society in 1981, when Professor Victor de Mello was the President, following the untimely death o f Professor Kevin Nash shortly before the Inter­ national Conference in Stockholm. Over the past 18 years he has been instrumental in ensuring that our Society has grown consid­ erably in stature and influence. From 1981 until now the number of Member Societies has grown to 71 and the number of individ­ ual members has increased to over 16,000. One of the key roles of the Secretary-General is to advise and serve the President of our Society. Dr Parry has been outstanding in this role. He has served a total of 5 Presidents: Victor de Mello, Bengt Broms, Nordie Morgenstem, Mike Jamiolkowski and myself. I know that I speak on behalf of all these Past- Presidents when I say that we all have relied very heavily on Dick Parry for his wise and invaluable advice on many different aspects o f our Society’s business. Dick Parry has consistently exhibited a passionate commit­ ment to maintaining the essential international character of the ISSMGE. His calm and patient character, combined with consid­ erable charm and superb diplomatic skills, has played a major role in enhancing the status of our Society. He has been particu­ larly successful in encouraging geotechnical engineers from de­ veloping countries to join in the Society’s activities and pro­ moting their needs and interests. Dr Parry is an academic engineer of eminence with consider­ able experience as a practising engineer. He was in industry in his early career, where he was responsible for geotechnical con­ sulting and contracting project throughout Australia and other countries in the region. He then went to Cambridge University, where he became a distinguished teacher and researcher on many aspects o f geotechnics.

2877 International Society of Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Minutes of the Council Meeting Istanbul Convention Centre, Istanbul, Turkey 26 August 2001 8:30-12:30, 13:30-18:30

PRESENT:

Professor K Ishihara - ISSMGE President Mr H Ejjaaouani - ISSMGE Vice President Africa Professor Sang-Kyu Kim - ISSMGE Vice President Asia Professor M F Randolph - ISSMGE Vice President Australasia Professor H Brandi - ISSMGE Vice President Europe Mr G Springall - ISSMGE Vice President North America

Professor M B Jamiolkowski - ISSMGE Immediate Past President Professor B. Broms - Past President

Professor R N Taylor - ISSMGE Secretary General Ms A Lawrence - ISSMGE Secretariat

Dr S Amar - ISSMGE Board Member Professor R J Mair - ISSMGE Board Member Professor J M Duncan - ISSMGE Board Member

Mr Aker ICOLD Dr P Seco e Pinto ISRM

Dr R Phillips Chair ISSMGE TC2 Dr P S6co e Pinto Chair ISSMGE TC4 Professor R Katzenbach Chair ISSMGE TC5 Professor H Ochiai Chair ISSMGE TC9 Dr R Massarsch Chair ISSMGE TC10 Professor K Sassa Co-Chair ISSMGE TCI 1 Prof. John Carter Chair ISSMGE TCI2 Dr S Lacasse Chair ISSMGE TCI4 Mr M Gambin Representative ISSMGE TCI6 DrVVSRao Chair ISSMGE TC20 Mr P Day Chair ISSMGE TC23 Professor Tatsuoka Chair ISSMGE TC29 Professor P Magnan Chair ISSMGE TC31 Prof. Jean Louis Briaud Chair ISSMGE TC33 Dr loannis Vardoulakis Chair ISSMGE TC34

Member Society Voting Member Non-Voting Member

Albania Professor L. Bozo M r Topi Bozo Argentina M r (Eng.) E. Mendiguren Australia Professor J Carter Professor H Poulos Austria Professor H Brandi* Azerbaijan — Bangladesh — Belgium Professor A Holeyman Professor W F Van Lmpe Bolivia Dr A Rodrigues Marek Brazil Professor W Hachich Dr A Negro Bulgaria Professor G Steffanov Professor D Denev Canada Professor K Rowe Professor J Graham Chile Professor C Andrade Professor I Kort China Professor Xiaoyun Gu Yuan Xun Colombia Mr A Lizcano Costa Rica — Croatia Mr Z Lisac Dr V Szavits-Nossan CTGA — Czech & Slovak Republics Professor I Vanicek Denmark Professor J Steenfelt Ecuador Dr W Hachich* Egypt Prof. M K El Ghamrawy Professor A Abdel-Rahman

2881 Estonia Professor M Mets Finland Mr H Rathmayer Dr P Kolisoia France Mr A Pecker M. M Gambin Germany Dr G Heertan Dr K Laackman Ghana Greece Dr A G Anagnostopoulos Dr S Kavounidis/D. Coumoulos Hungary Dr R Szepeshazi Iceland Dr Gunilla Franz6n* India Professor M R Madhav Professor V V S Rao Indonesia Professor J Carter* Iran Dr Gatmiri Dr Rezvan Ireland Dr B. Lehane Israel Dr J.M. Amir Italy Professor G Barla Japan Professor H Sekiguchi Dr M Kamon Kazakhstan Professor A Zhusupbekov Dr A Zhakulin Kenya Korea R Dr Soo-Ill Kim Dr Seung-Rae Lee Latvia M r W CelmrnS Lithuania Mr Furmonavicius Macedonia Dr Vlatko Sesov Mexico Dr J J Schmitter Dr A Alvarez Manilla Morocco Mr H Ejjaaouani* Nepal Dr M Karkee Netherlands Dr L de Quelerij Dr F Barends New Zealand Mr G Murray Nigeria Norway Mr S Hermann Pakistan M r I Saeed Paraguay Professor J J Bosio Peru Mr M De La Torre Poland Professor E Dembicki Professor Zb Mylanarek Portugal Professor F P de Santayan Romania Professor I Manoliu Mr N Raduinea Russia Dr I Kolybine Slovenia Mr AGaberc South Africa M r A Berry S E Asia Dr J C C Li Dr Za-Chieh Moh Spain Dr V Cudllar Mr E Dapena Sri I-an lea Professor Sang-Kyu Kim* Sudan Sweden Dr G F ranzen Mr B Lundahl Switzerland Professor P Amann M r Nater Syria Tunisia Turkey Professor E Togrol Dr K özudogru UK Dr Abir Al-Tabaa USA Professor R Holtz Professor H E Wahls Venezuela Vietnam Yugoslavia Professor M Maksimovic Zimbabwe

* denotes Proxy Vote

CORPORATE MEMBERS

Apageo M Gambin NGI K H oeg

APOLOGIES: Professor F Bogossian - ISSMGE Vice President South America Professor N.R. Morgenstem - ISSMGE Past President Professor A.W. Skempton - ISSMGE Past President Professor J. Kerisel - ISSMGE Past President Professor M. Fukuoka - ISSMGE Past President

Sergio Piazzi UN-OCHA Claude Berenguier ITA

2882 introduction TECHNICAL COMMITTEE ACTIVITY

1. The President opened the meeting by welcoming the Mem­ 7. The President presented a list summarising the status o f ber Society delegates and invited participants. technical committees and their activities. Administrative re­ ports received from the Technical Committees were circu­ lated and will be printed in the post conference Proceedings. LIST OF DELEGATES AND OTHER PERSONS PRESENT It was noted that Technical Committees 3, 13, 21 and 27 had been wound up and Technical Committees 32, 33, 34, 35 and 2. The list of delegates who had notified the Secretary General 36 created. The President highlighted the activities o f the in advance of their intention to participate in the Council Technical Committees, which were mainly in the form o f Meeting was presented and their attendance was subse­ well-attended conferences. Details are given in the summary quently confirmed. Apologies for absence were also noted. table included in Appendix 2. (In later discussion, Mr Rathmeyer reminded the President of the 4th International Symposium on Frost organised by TC8 and the International CONFIRMATION OF QUORUM (STATUTE 12K) Symposium on Ground Improvement organised by TCI7.) The President wished to note in particular that Technical 3. A roll call at the start of the meeting indicated that there Committee sponsored conferences had attracted about 4,200 were 58 voting delegates present. (Subsequent arrival o f 2 delegates and that these conferences were now at least as delegates raised this total to 60.) The Secretary General con­ important as the Regional and International conferences o f firmed that there was a total of 66 Member Societies entitled ISSMGE. to vote, and as the number of voting delegates present at the Council Meeting was in excess of two-thirds of this number, the meeting was quorate to deal with all matters. It was also REGIONAL REPORTS BY VICE-PRESIDENTS noted that included in the voting delegates, there were 5 proxy votes. 8. The six Vice-Presidents presented their Reports to Council. The South American report was presented by the Brazilian delegate, in absence of the regional Vice-President, Profes­ MEMBERSHIP sor Francis Bogossian. The Secretary General asked the Vice-Presidents to submit final versions of their reports and 4. The Secretary General presented his Report on the ISSMGE these are given in Appendix 3. The President was pleased to membership, which is included as Appendix 1. The list o f hear of the considerable breadth of activity throughout the members shows two new Member Societies, Albania with 22 regions. Further comments were invited from the delegates, members and Macedonia with 72 members, both additional Mr Rathmayer reminded the Council of the activities o f the societies are part of the European group. The number of Nordic countries who held their own conference. members based on information received when invoicing for subscriptions is 15,626. This differs from the numbers o f members based on address lists received recently, which in­ 2nd INTERNATIONAL YOUNG GEOTECHNICAL dicates that there are 16,912 members. ENGINEERS CONFERENCE, 2003

5. There have been developments concerning societies who had 9. The Secretary General introduced the short paper on this been included as debtors; Bolivia had indicated their inten­ item included as Appendix 4. The International Young Geo­ tion to pay their fees during the Council Meeting. Ghana has technical Engineers Conference held in Southampton, UK been out of contact for many years, but 2 weeks before the September 2000 was recognised by the Board as having been Council Meeting contact was made which is excellent news. a great success and exactly the type of event that the Society Kenya, which had also been dormant for many years recently should encourage. Consequently, the Board had recom­ made contact with the secretariat. There seems to be a group mended that the event should be continued. ISSMGE support of younger people involved with the society and an address consistent with that provided for the conference in South­ list was received recently. Latvia has also been in touch re­ ampton would be forthcoming provided the format of the cently and they have provided both payment and an address conference was substantially the same. list of members. Nigeria has also become more active as has Tunisia. Vietnam is still dormant and attempts will be made 10. Council debated at length the idea of a continuing Interna­ to improve communications. Significant changes in member­ tional Young Geotechnical Engineers Conference. It was ship were recorded. Member Societies having a significant pointed out that the Regional YGEC were important and that increase in membership are Brazil (835 from 321 members), a regular International YGEC could have financial implica­ Poland (298 from 128 members) and Sweden (766 from 517 tions. The President emphasised that Regional events were members). Member Societies having a significant reduction not being discouraged, simply that there should also be the in membership are Germany (929 from 1517 members), opportunity for broader conferences. Professor Madhav (In­ South Africa (390 from 506 members), USA (2322 from dia) suggested that the International YGEC could be held at 3108 members) and Zimbabwe (17 from 103 members). the same time as the International ISSMGE Conference, which may reduce costs. However, it was argued that the in­ 6. Corporate Sponsors have declined in number, but the Nor­ creased workload on the conference organisers might be un­ wegian Geotechnical Institute is a welcome addition. The acceptable. Professor Jamiolkowski disputed the notion that President expressed his pleasure in the recent contact made an International YGEC was in conflict with a Regional by some societies whom despite experiencing problems with YGEC and considered that the two could easily merge as ap­ fee payments should be encouraged to remain involved. He propriate. He also pointed out that the host country needed to asked Council to approve their continuing involvement. He generate strong economic support, but it should not be seen also reminded Vice-Presidents of their responsibilities to the as a problem that generally the more wealthy countries might member societies in their areas and encouraged them to be involved in organising the event Regarding any financial contact their constitutive member societies. implications it was noted that the cost of ISSMGE support had been included in the future Budget, and that in general it was exactly this type of event that the Society should pro-

2883 mote. In a show of hands on whether or not the ISSMGE South America Professor Juan J Bosio should establish the International Young Geotechnical Engi­ neers Conference as a regular event, votes were cast as 31 in favour, 4 against with 6 abstentions. The motion was carried. ELECTION OF PRESIDENT FOR THE PERIOD 2001 - 2005

11. In the agenda papers circulated in advance of the meeting, 15. In a secret ballot for the election of President o f ISSMGE, Member Societies had been asked to make proposals for votes were cast as follows: hosting the 2nd International Young Geotechnical Engineers Professor Harry G Poulos 29 votes Conference. During the Council Meeting, offers were re­ Professor William Van Impe 31 votes ceived from the South East Asia Geotechnical Society to Thus Professor William Van Impe was elected as President hold the Conference in Taiwan and from Romania. There of ISSMGE for the period 2001 - 2005. The result was followed a lengthy discussion in which many issues were greeted with acclamation. discussed including the format of the conference. This is outlined in Appendix 4, but in summary, it had been agreed that each Member Society should be allowed to send up to MEMBER REPRESENTATION two delegates and that the total cost per delegate (excluding travel to the host country) should not exceed USD 150. It was Voting policy also noted that in the year of an International YGEC it would be sensible not to hold competing Regional YGECs. In a 16. The Secretary General summarised the discussions by the show of hands votes were cast as 15 in support of SEAGS, Board on the issue of voting policy. The present situation of 28 in support of Romania with 7 abstentions. Thus the 2nd one vote per Member Society gives equal representation to International Young Geotechnical Engineers Conference all Member Societies irrespective of number of members in a with be held in Romania in 2003 and the Secretary General Society and its financial contribution. However, a “tiered” requested a detailed proposal to be submitted by Romania in form of voting was shown to only marginally improve the the near future. equity of voting right compared to distributions of member­ ship and financial contribution. Opposition to change of the present system was expressed by representatives from Para­ TOURING LECTURE guay and India. The issue was passed to the incoming ISS­ MGE Board for consideration. 12. The President reported on the Touring Lecture organised in Nigeria in April 2001. This had been a great success and had Review o f fee structure for Member Societies served to rekindle activity in the Nigerian Geotechnical So­ ciety. The President acknowledged the considerable and nec­ 17. The Secretary General described the present method of cal­ essary local support from Trevi Foundations. The title of the culating Member Society fees. The formula uses GNP and Program was "Geotechnical Site Characterisation and Soil GNP/Capita to determine a Group Number that is then used Improvement" and included lectures by Professor K. Ishi- to calculate a Society fee and this is added to a contribution hara, Professor M. Jamiolkowski and Professor R. Holtz. A per individual member. Though this system has worked well series of lectures was also given by Professor S. C. Teme o f for the past 26 years, it was thought appropriate that it should Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Nigeria, be reviewed, together with voting right as already discussed. and also by Mr. M. Cagna and Mr. P. Fatokun of Trevi The present system could be argued as discriminating against Foundations on topics of local interest. The lecture pro­ the smaller, poorer Member Societies in that they could be gramme was attended by 57 local engineers. During the subject to a relatively large fee per capita. Equally, the sys­ Lecture Programme, a small ceremony was performed to tem could be seen as discriminating against the larger, rela­ present a Model Library of ISSMGE to the Department of tively wealthy Member Societies in that their contributions Civil Engineering, University of Lagos, Nigeria. The Presi­ were large and with not very visible returns. In discussion dent ended his Report by inviting Member Societies to con­ Mr Rathmeyer pointed out that the Group Number system tact the Secretary General with proposals for other Touring was based on GNP tables applicable to the economic situa­ Lecture programmes. tion about 2 years prior to the year in which they were used to calculate fees. This delay could lead to some financial dif­ ficulties. Delegates from India and Iran expressed the view MODEL LIBRARY that ISSMGE fee contributions should be related to fees for membership of National Geotechnical Societies. The issue 13. The Secretary General presented a short report on the model was passed to the incoming ISSMGE Board for considera­ library. This had been initiated by Professor Broms and had tion. been promoted by the ISSMGE Board. The Board had pre­ pared a draft list of books, but suggestions for other books would also be considered. The President noted that any list INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY of books should be updated at least annually. Any donations of Model Libraries would be decided by the incoming Board. 18. Dr Lundahl of the Swedish Geotechnical Society presented a proposal to develop Internet tools that could benefit the ISSMGE in terms of communication and information dis­ REGIONAL VICE-PRESIDENTS semination. A 2 year programme of work was outlined that would allow development and presentation these tools. The 14. It was formally reported that postal elections had taken place work would be undertaken in consultation with 3 small and that as a consequence the Regional Vice-Presidents for groups of people: a Working Group, a Decision Group and a the period 2001 to 2005 were: Reference Test Group. There would be some small but finite Africa Mr Peter Day resource implications for the Society. The topic generated Asia Professor Fumio Tatsuoka wide ranging discussion concerning the financial implica­ Australasia Mr J Grant Murray tions, potential duplication of effort with that of other Mem­ Europe Professor Pedro S6co e Pinto ber Societies, likely interest of younger members, potential North America Professor Richard D. Woods

2884 for improving visibility of the Society, and potential for gen­ VENUE OF 5™ ICEG erating the List of Members. Dr Massarsch pointed out that sensible use of Information Technology could lead to a re­ 23. It had been noted at the 1997 Council Meeting in Hamburg duction in costs of running the Society. It was noted that the that the venue of the International Conference on Environ­ proposal was in effect an experiment to investigate the de­ mental Geotechnics should be selected using a similar pro­ velopment of appropriate IT tools and that the limited time cedure to the ICSMGE. Consequently, the venue for the 5th scale of this necessarily limited the financial implications. In ICEG in 2006 was to be selected at this Council Meeting. a show of hands on support for the proposal, votes were cast The Secretary General had written to Member Societies re­ as 49 in favour, 1 against and with no abstentions. The es­ minding them of this and asking for offers to host the con­ tablishment of the various working Groups was passed to the ference. A detailed proposal had been received from the UK incoming Board. Member Society to host the 51*1 ICEG in Cardiff 26 - 30 June 2006, and Dr Al-Tabbaa, the UK delegate, made a brief presentation of the proposal. The offer was strongly sup­ ISSMGE 2001 LIST OF MEMBERS ported by the Chairman of TC5 and welcomed and accepted by Council. The 5th ICEG will therefore be held in Cardiff 19. The Secretary General report lists of members had been re­ UK in 2006. ceived from the majority of Member Societies. It had been the custom to print the list of ISSMGE members every 4 years and a new list was due for publication. The form of YOUNG MEMBER AWARD publication could be traditional print or on CD-ROM though for this latter format potential data protection issues would 24. Professor Randolph, who had chaired the Awards Commit­ need to be investigated. In discussion, views were expressed tee, described the background to the Young Member Award. in support of both methods of publication. In a show of He reminded Council that the Award had been established to hands, votes were cast as follows: 40 in favour of publication encourage research and development in the field of geotech­ in printed form, and 13 in favour of publication on CD- nical engineering and to acknowledge the contribution of ROM. Publication will therefore be in printed form. young members of the Society. Member Societies were re­ sponsible for nominating suitable candidates and 11 submis­ sions had been received. While this was a relatively small ISSMGE HOMEPAGE ON THE INTERNET number, it was perhaps not unreasonable for the first opera­ tion of the awards. Professor Randolph noted that the call for nominations should perhaps come earlier and should be 20. The Secretary General introduced his brief report, given in communicated more effectively throughout the Society so as Appendix 5. The web-site was now firmly established and to secure a greater entry. Following review by the Award attracted many visitors. The main purpose of the site was to Committee of the Papers and personal cvs, the following 3 provide information on the society and to replace the pub­ clear winners had emerged: Christopher M Martin (Aus- lished newsletter. Factual information was provided on the talia), Gunilla Franzén (Sweden) and Serge Borel (France). Society, Conferences and the Regions. Following the request at the Council Meeting in Amsterdam, annual reports from Technical Committees had been requested and were pub­ INFORMAL COUNCIL MEETING IN MELBOURNE, lished on the web-site. It was noted that since the printed NOVEMBER 2000 newsletter was to be discontinued there was the opportunity to make news items appearing on the web-site more compre­ 25. The Secretary General had prepared a brief report on the In­ hensive since there was in effect no limitation on space. formal Council Meeting held on 26th November 2000 in Member Societies were reminded to send in suitable news Melbourne Australia, which is included in Appendix 6. The items. majority of the discussion had concerned possible means o f increasing ISSMGE income. One idea was the creation o f an Internet based directory listing Geotechnical Services o f in­ VENUE FOR 2003 BOARD AND COUNCIL MEETINGS terest to ISSMGE members. It was thought that many com­ panies, especially suppliers, would be interested in buying advertising space on such a site and that it should then be 21. Invitations to host the 2003 Council Meeting had been re­ possible to develop a reasonable revenue source. ceived from all the mid-term regional Conferences. The table indicates the votes cast in the four rounds of voting. 26. Professor Mair had also proposed the idea of Sponsored Workshops (see Appendix 6). These would have as a central Votes cast in the ballots theme a particular practical problem or development that had Venue No. 1 No. 2 No. 3 No. 4 been addressed by some companies. These companies would Marrakech (African RC) 12 11 9* - then finance the workshops and would also be invited to Singapore (Asian RC) 10 7* -- supplement the lecture programme developed by certain key Auckland (Australasian RC) 6* -- - ISSMGE members. In addition they would contribute to an Prague (European RC) 16 18 27 32 ISSMGE fund. The idea of Sponsored Workshops had been Boston USA (Pan-American 13 18 20 24* well received in Melbourne, and the President urged Mem­ RC) ber Societies to organise such events. * indicates venue eliminated in voting round

22. Thus, the decision was taken to hold the next Council Meet­ XV ICSMGE, ISTANBUL 2001 ing on the occasion of the 13th European Regional Confer­ ence to be held in Prague, Czech Republic, 25 - 28 August 27. Professor Togrol outlined the position regarding the Interna­ 2003. tional Conference. Over 500 papers had been received for

2885 inclusion in the conference proceedings and at the time of model devised for the GeoEng2000 conference, it was pro­ speaking 940 delegates had registered for the conference. All posed that any profits would be shared as follows: arrangements were in place for the technical sessions as well 30% of profits split evenly between ISSMGE, ISRM and as the social functions and he wished everyone an enjoyable IAEG and fruitful conference. 20% of profits to Canadian Geotechnical Society as host 50% of profits distributed to groups based on their con­ tribution of conference seed funding and XVI ICSMGE, OSAKA 2005 accepting risks for any financial loss by the conference 28. A brief report on the XVI ICSMGE was made by Professor Kamon, secretary to the Organising Committee. The pro­ posed theme of the conference concerned establishing the ISSMGE HERITAGE MUSEUM world in harmony with the global environment and within this context it was planned that the conference would focus 32. The President outlined the present situation regarding Heri­ on: tage Museums. Good progress was being made with the mu­ (i) Testing and Property Characterisation of Geomateri­ seum in the Technical University Vienna and documents re­ als lating to Terzaghi along with equipment constructed to his (ii) Transportation Infrastructure and Public Use o f Land original designs will be displayeid. There had been recently (iii) Environmental Issues of Geotechnical Engineering reported problems with the Deutsche Museum in Munich (iv) Enhancing Natural Disaster Reduction Systems and the German Geotechnical Society was re-examining the (v) Engineering Practice original plan. A promotional video of Osaka and the Osaka Conference Hall was presented. RELATIONSHIPS WITH SISTER SOCIETIES ISRM AND IAEG AND WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL BODIES ICEG 4, RIO DE JANEIRO 2002 33. A joint meeting of the Sister Societies, ISSMGE, ISRM and 29. A short report had been prepared by Professor Luiz de IAEG had been convened during the GeoEng2000 confer­ Mello, and was presented by Professor Hachich. Planning for ence in Melbourne. It was recognised that exchange of in­ the conference was well advanced and regular meetings were formation was very important with each Society heavily en­ held. The majority of key lecturers, discussion leaders and gaged in organising conferences and having Technical panellists had been identified and invited. The conference Committee (or Commission) activity. It was noted that there had attracted 340 abstracts with representation from all was a degree of overlap between some of these committees ISSMGE regions. It had been decided to use Swets & and it was felt that the opportunity should be taken to ex­ Zeitlinger, the successors of Balkema, to publish the pro­ change information more easily between the Sister Societies. ceedings and the publishing agreement had been signed. The venue for the conference is almost defined, with preference 34. ISSMGE continues to be an Affiliate Member of the Inter­ to the Caifares Club, on an island in Rodrigo de Freitas la­ national Union o f Geological Sciences and Annual Reports goon, overlooking the Sugar Loaf and Corcovado. Signifi­ are prepared for consideration by the Executive Committee cant financial support from Petrobrfs is expected. Bulletin 1 oflU G S. for 4ICEG was being made available during the 15ICSMGE.

PRESENTATION OF AUDITED ACCOUNTS 1999, 2000 GEO-ENGINEERING FOR RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT, CALGARY 2004 35. The Secretary General reported on the annual accounts for the previous two years. The audited accounts for financial 30. The President outlined the mainly informal discussions held years 1999 and 2000 and comparisons of actual income and during the GeoEng2000 conference in Melbourne on the expenditure compared to the budget for the same two years outline proposals received from Canada and Hong Kong to are presented in Appendix 7. host a follow-up conference to GeoEng2000. The advantages and disadvantages of this, both in terms of the concept and of 36. For year 1999, income was more or less as expected with a the particular proposals received had been debated at length. slightly higher return on investments than anticipated in the Following these discussions, a formal proposal was made by budget. Travel costs were lower than the budget allowance. the Canadian Geotechnical Society to host a conference on The costs of transferring the secretariat from Cambridge to Geo-Engineering for Resource Development to be held in London had been slightly larger than expected. The costs of Calgary in 2004. The conference was designed to cover the newsletter and Francophone bulletin were lower than ex­ common interests with the Sister Societies ISRM and IAEG pected in the accounting year, largely because there were as well as ISSMGE. Even so, it should not be viewed as a some late payments of invoices that then appear in the year continuation of a GeoEng type conference. The timing o f the 2000 accounts. Overall the cash balance decreased by conference had been selected so as to minimise potential GBP3987 compared to a budgeted deficit of GBP38600. conflict with other major conferences of the Sister Societies. ISRM, IAEG and ISSMGE had agreed to endorse the con­ 37. During year 2000, subscriptions received from Member So­ ference. cieties were lower than expected. The situation reversed during the early part of 2001, possibly because of it being a 31. The conference was planned for 21 - 24 June 2004. Prelimi­ Council Meeting year, and will be reflected in next year’s nary thoughts on the conference themes included geotech­ accounts. On expenditure, the travel costs were lower than nics of oil and gas abstraction, mining, water supply, nuclear forecast, partly because some costs for attending the Geo- waste disposal and new energy sources. It was hoped that the Eng2000 conference were not cleared by the end of the fi­ conference would attract 500 - 600 delegates and the regis­ nancial year and will appear in the 2001 accounts. The lower tration fee was likely to be about 650USD. Following the than expected staff, and to some extent secretariat, costs

2886 were due to the retirement of Mrs Cobb in September 2000 APPENDIX 1 - MEMBER SOCIETIES AND MEMBERSHIP and the 2 month period of no Executive Officer support be­ fore the appointment of Ms A Lawrence in December 2000. Report by Secretary General. The costs associated with the web-site increased mainly due to the work associated with posting annual reports from The accompanying Table indicates that the ISSMGE member­ Technical Committees that had been agreed at the 1999 ship in June 2001 was 15626 in 73 Member Societies. This com­ Council Meeting in Amsterdam. As mentioned above, in­ pares to 16214 in 71 Member Societies reported to the Council voices carried over from 1999 inflated the costs for the Meeting held in Amsterdam on 6 June 1999. The 2 new Member newsletter and francophone bulletin. Slightly fewer than ex­ Societies are Albania (European Region) with 22 members and pected travel bursaries were claimed by delegates attending Macedonia (European Region) with 72 members. Member So­ the Young Geotechnical Engineers Conference in South­ cieties having a significant increase in membership are Brazil ampton, which resulted in a slight saving on conference sup­ (835 from 321 members), Poland (298 from 128 members) and port. Overall the cash balance decreased by GBP 17318 com­ Sweden (766 from 517 members). Member Societies having a pared to a budget deficit of GBP48600. significant reduction in membership are Germany (929 from 1517 members), South Africa (390 from 506 members), USA (2322 from 3108 members) and Zimbabwe (17 from 103 mem­ BUDGET 2 0 0 1 -2 0 0 3 bers). The Table also includes the numbers of members included on 38. Professor Mair presented the Budget to 2003, a forecast recently received address lists. There are a number of Member Budget to 2005 and an overall financial forecast. These are Societies with significant differences between their declared given in Appendix 8. The Budget included a 12.5% increase number of members and the number of the address list, for ex­ in subscriptions from year 2002 (as discussed at the Council ample Argentina, Australia, Canada, China, Finland, France, Meeting in Amsterdam) and made provision for the Interna­ Iran, Mexico, Netherlands, South Africa, Spain and USA. tional Young Geotechnical Engineers Conference in 2003. Member Societies with fees two or more years in arrears are: Bangladesh No fees since 1998 39. There followed considerable discussion especially regarding Costa Rica No fees since 1997 the possibility of increasing income to the ISSMGE from Ghana No fees since 1990, recent contact made. conferences. There was the potential for some money to be Israel No fees for 1997 and 1998, some discussion paid to ISSMGE from some or all conferences organised un­ started to resolve this. der the auspices of ISSMGE. Though this would need to be Kenya No fees since 1989. Recent news received handled carefully, the large number of such conferences that the Kenya Geotechnical Society had dis­ meant that there was the potential for significant income to banded but is now re-forming. ISSMGE. Council was asked for their opinion on whether or Nigeria No fees since 1990. Recent news received of not ISSMGE should increase its revenue income, for exam­ new Secretary. ple by asking for a percentage of fee income from confer­ Tunisia No fees since 1997, recent contact made. ences related to Technical Committees to be paid to the Vietnam No fees since 1996, recent contact made. ISSMGE. In a show of hands, votes were cast as 18 in favour and 8 against This indicated general support for the idea o f Corporate Membership has dropped slightly from 23 to 21. The increasing ISSMGE conference income. The issue was current list o f Corporate Members is: passed to the incoming Board for further consideration, if Agra Earth & Environmental Ltd, Canada necessary, including decisions on how and when a mecha­ Bauer Spezialtiefbau GmbH, Germany nism for raising revenue from conferences could be imple­ Concrete Engineering Products Berhad, Malaysia mented. GEI Consultants, Inc, USA Geo-Research Institute, Japan 40. With regard to the budget, it was recognised that the pre­ Golder Associates Inc, USA dicted ongoing annual deficit would need to be arrested in Harza Engineering Company, USA due course. However, it was also noted that a decision had Keller Group Limited, UK been taken previously that the general cash balance o f ISS­ Kiso-Jiban Consultants Co., Ltd, Japan MGE should be reduced by increased spending on initiatives Klohn-Crippen Consultants Ltd, Canada of benefit to the Society. A possibility would be to explore Monenco AGRA Inc.,Canada, ways of increasing income from corporate sponsors. For­ NECSO Entrecanales Cubiertas, Spain mally, acceptance of the budget was proposed by Professor Nishimatsu Construction Co., Ltd, Japan Togrol and seconded by Professor Rowe. Votes were cast as Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, Norway 31 in favour, 1 against with 2 abstentions. The budget for PROTEKT, Ukraine 2001 - 2003 was therefore approved. Sinotech Engineering Consultants, Inc., Republic of China SOLETANCHE BACHY SA, France STS Engineering Consultants Co., Ltd, Thailand ANY OTHER BUSINESS Terre Armée Internationale, France Tokyu Construction Co., Ltd., Japan 41. No other business was raised. Tractebel Development Engineering SA, Belgium

DATE AND VENUE OF NEXT MEETING

42. The next meeting will be held in Prague on 24th August 2003.

43. The President expressed his sincere appreciation and thanks to Council for their co-operation and involvement in the dis­ cussions. The meeting closed at 18:55.

2887 I SSM GE M EM BERSHIP TABLE - June, 2001

Member Societies No. Members No. Members Africa Asia Australasia Europe North America South America on address lists Albania 22 22 22 Argentina 44 67 44 Australia 638 714 658 Austria 98 101 98 Azerbaijan 13 13 Bangladesh 33 33 Belgium 70 70 Bolivia 13 13 Brazil 835 851 835 Bulgaria 52 56 52 Canada 889 589 889 Chile 53 53 53 China 106 154 106 Colombia 30 27 30 Costa Rica 58 58 Croatia 126 121 126 CTGA 28 23 28 Czech & Slovak Republics 43 43 43 Denmark 308 349 308 Ecuador 29 29 29 Egypt 20 20 Estonia 30 24 30 Finland 177 391 177 France 746 434 746 Germany 929 929 929 Ghana 33 33 Greece 173 173 173 Hungary 84 98 84 Iceland 10 10 10 India 225 235 225 Indonesia 20 20 20 Iran 58 158 58 Ireland 28 28 Israel 35 35 Italy 223 244 223 Japan 1390 1390 1390 Kazakhstan 18 26 18 Kenya 21 28 21 Korean Republic 146 171 146 Latvia 31 31 Lithuania 40 42 40 Macedonia 72 72 72 Mexico 200 333 200 Morocco 12 12 12 Nepal 15 17 15 Netherlands 325 559 325 New Zealand 260 298 260 Nigeria 25 32 25 Norway 339 290 339 Pakistan 80 80 80 Paraguay 17 22 17 Peru 25 25 25 Poland 298 325 298 Portugal 181 223 181 Romania 53 109 53 Russia 235 269 235 Slovenia 127 116 127 South Africa 390 339 390 South East Asia 230 261 230 Spain 230 322 230 Sri Lanka 45 43 45 Sudan 25 33 25 Sweden 766 750 766 Switzerland 250 248 250

2888 Svria 17 17 Tunisia 10 11 10 Turkey 181 195 181 United Kingdom 870 1359 870 USA 2322 2901 2322 Venezuela 17 23 17 Vietnam 18 23 18 Yugoslavia 29 50 29 Zimbabwe 17 17 TOTAL (73) 15626 16912 581 2436 918 7159 3411 1121

APPENDIX 2 - TECHNICAL COMMITTEES

Report by President

CURRENT STATUS OF ACTIVITIES

TC No. TC name Country Chairman

TC-1 Instrumentation for Geotechnical Monitoring Turkey T. Durgunoglu

TC-2 Physical Modelling and Centrifuge Testing Canada R. Phillips • IC on Centrifuge '98 (IS Tokyo '98), Sept 23-25,1998, Tokyo, Japan • Host Society changed from Japan to Canada • IS on Physical Modelling and Testing in Environmental Geotechnics, May 15-17, 2000 TC-4 Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering Canada W.D. Liam Finn • 2nd IC on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering, June 21-25, Lisbon, Portugal • Host Society changed from Portugal to Canada TC-5 Environmental Geotechnics Germany R. Katzenbach • 3rd IC on Environmental Geotechnics, Oct. 7-11, 1998, Lisbon, Portugal • IS on Physical Modelling and Testing in Environmental Geotechnics, May 15-17, 2000 TC-6 Unsaturated Soils Canada D. Fredlund • 2nd IC on Unsaturated Soils, Aug. 27-30, 1998, Beijing, China • Asian Conference on Unsaturated Soils, May 18-20, 2000, Singapore TC-7 Tailing Dams Chile J.H. Troncoso • Conference on Geotechnics and Management of Mine Residuals, Dec. 2, 1999, Mexico City TC-8 F rost Finland E. Slunga

TC-9 Geosynthetics and Earth Reinforcement Japan H. Ochiai • 4th IS on Earth Reinforcement Practice (IS Kyushu, 2001, Nov., Fukuoka, Japan) TC-10 Geophysical Site Characterisation Sweden R. Massarsch • 1st IC on Site Characterisation, April 19-23, 1998, Atlanta, U.S.A. • 3rd I. W. on the Application of Geophysics to Rock and Soil Engineering, Nov. 18, 2000, Melbourne, Australia TC-11 Landslides Canada J. Locat • 8th IS on Landslides, June 26-30,2000, Cardiff U.K. • IS on Slope Stability Engineering (IS Shikoku '99), Nov. 8-11, 1999, Matsuyama, Japan TC-12 Validation of Computer Simulation Australia J. Carter

TC-14 Offshore Geotechnical Engineering Norway S. Lacasse • IC on Offshore and Near-shore Geotechnical Engineering, Dec. 2-3, 1999, Pan- vel, India TC-15 Peat and Organic Soils Netherlands R.J. Termaal • IS on Problematic Soils (IS Tohoku '98), Oct 28-30, 1998, Sendai, Japan TC-16 Groupd Property Characterisation from In-situ Testing Canada P.K. Robertson • 1st IC on Site Characterisation, April 19-23,1998, Atlanta, U.S.A. • I.C. on In-situ Measurement of Soil Properties and Case Histories, May 21-23, 2001, Bali, Indonesia TC-17 Ground Improvement USA I. Juran

TC-18 Pile Foundations Belgium W. Van Impe • 3rd IS on Deep Foundations on Bored and Augered Piles, October 19-21, 1998, Ghent, Belgium • 6th IC on Application of Stress-Wave Theory to Piles, Sept 11-13, 2000, Sao Paulo, Brazil

2089 TC-19 Preservation of Historic Sites Italy C. Viggiani

TC-20 Professional Practice India V.V.S. Rao • I. W. on Professional Practice, Nov. 2000, Melbourne, Australia TC-22 Indurated Soils and Soft Rocks France J. L. Durville • 2nd IS on Hard Soil and Soft Rocks, Oct. 12-14, 1998, Napoli, Italy TC-23 Limit State Design Geotechnical Engineering South Africa P. Day • I.W. on Limit State Design in Geotechnical Engineering Nov. 18, 2000, Mel­ bourne, Australia TC-24 Soil Sampling, Evaluation and Interpretation UK D. Hight • 1st IC on Site Characterisation, April 19-23, 1998, Atlanta, U.S.A. TC-25 Tropical and Residual Soils Brazil P. T. Cruz • IS on Tropical Soils, Sept. 23-24, 2000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil TC-26 Calcareous Sediments Australia R. Jewell • 2nd IC on Engineering for Calcareous Soils. Feb. 22-24, 1999, Bahrain TC-28 Underground Construction In Soft Ground UK R. Mair • IS on Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground (IS- Tokyo '99), July 19-21,1999, Tokyo, Japan • Regional C. on Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground, April 16-18, 2001, Shanghai, China. TC-29 Stress-Strain Testing of Geomaterials in the Laboratory Japan F. Tatsuoka • 2nd IS on Pre-Failure Deformation Characteristics of Geomaterials, Sept. 27-29, 1999, Torino, Italy TC-30 Coastal Geotechnical Engineering Japan A. Nakase • IS on Coastal Geotechnical Engineering in Practice (IS Yokohama, 2000), Sept. 20-22, 2000, Yokohama, Japan TC-31 Education in Geotechnical Engineering France J. P. Magnan • 1st IC on Geotechnical Engineering Education and Training, June 12-14, 2000 TC-32 Risk Assessment and Management USA E. Van Marcke

TC-33 Scour of Foundations USA J.L. Briaud • IS on Scour of Foundations, Nov. 19, 2000, Melbourne, Australia TC-34 Deformation of Earth Materials Greece J.I.G. Vadoulakis • I.W. on Deformation of Earth Materials, may 23, 2001, Sendai, Japan TC-35 Micro-Geomechanics UK M.D. Bolton

TC-36 Soft Soils Foundation Engineering Mexico G. G. Auvinet

APPENDIX 3 - REGIONAL REPORTS BY VICE held in Marrakech in order to promote geotechnical devel­ PRESIDENTS opments in Africa.

(b) Asian Region. Sang-Kyu Kim (a) African Region. H .Ejjaaouarti Introduction 1. Geotechnical activity in Africa remains isolated and limited to only about 5 - 6 countries in the continent In addition to This is to report activities of Member Societies in the Asian re­ the communication problem, which often impedes scientific gion. Those of some Societies are not included in this report be­ exchange ,some Regional conflicts have complicated the cause their report have not reached me until the time this is situation. Some Member societies have tried to report their written. activities but without result INDIA 2. However we note with satisfaction the organisation o f Re­ gional African Conference which was held in Durban (Sep­ (1) Conferences tember 1999), and which permitted the organisation of some Indian Geotechnical Conference 2000 (IGC-2000) was meetings with African Delegates. hosted by IGS-Mumbai Chapter on December 13-15, 2000 at IIT-Mumbai. Proceedings of the Conference with over 150 3. But without any doubt the positive point is CTGA that has papers and keynote lectures were published. The prestigious been in existence for just four years, and which has allowed IGS Annual Lecture 2000 was delivered by Prof. V. S. annual series of events to be organised with increasing indi­ Chandrasekaran, renowned Professor of Civil Engineering, vidual participation each year. The next meeting will be held IIT-Mumbai, on 'Numerical and Centrifuge Modelling in in Chad in September 2001. The CTGA, which is open to Soil Structure Interaction.' every country in Africa, constitutes a very efficient means of Indian Geotechnical Conference (IGC-2001) is scheduled to motivation and mobilisation. take place at Indore on December 14-16, 2001. The theme of the Conference is 'Geotechnical Challenges in the New Mil­ 4 Finally the next Regional African Conference will be held in lennium.' MORROCO in December 2003 in Marrakech. The organis­ ing committee hopes to succeed in obtaining maximum par­ ticipation and hopes that the next council meeting will be

2890 (2) Chapter Activities International Symposium on Slope Stability Engineering (IS- Bangalore Chapter: Workshop on 'Soil Reinforcement and Shikoku ) was held in Matsuyama during November 9-11, Geosynthetics' was held on March 19-23, 2001. 1999. Three hundred and sixty two participants attended Baroda Chapter: A lecture cuçn discussion meeting was held and the Procedings contain 221 papers. on January 18, 2000 for student members on (a) Ryznar in­ International Symposium on Coastal Geotechnical Engi­ dex of Piles and (b) Recent advances in Shallow Foundation. neering in Practice (IS- Yokohama 2000) was held in A seminar was held on 'Geotechnical Aspects of Hazardous Yokohama during September 20-22, 2000. Three hundred Waste Management for the Millenium.' and ten participants attended and the Proceedings contain Chennai Chapter: Chennai Workshop on 'Limit State Design 131 papers. for Foundation' was conducted by Dr. Niels Kerbs Ovesen, International Symposium on Suction, Swelling, Permeability Senior Consultant, Danish Technical University on Feb. 18, and Structure of Clays (IS-Shizuoka 2001) was held in 2000. Shizuoka during January 11-13, 2001. Two hundred and Delhi Chapter: Seminar on 'Geotechnical Engineering for three participants attended and the Proceedings contain 87 New Millenium' was held on Feb. 19-20, 2001. papers. Indore Chapter: Two lecture meetings were organised on Feb. 22-25, 2000 on 'Upper Krishna Projects' including a (2) Conferences and Symposia to be held software demo of 'Applications of Grouting in Civil Engi­ International Conference on Modem Tunneling Science and neering.' Technology (IS-Kyoto 2001) in Kyoto during October 30 - Roorkee Chapter: Short term course on 'Geotechnical Inves­ November 1, 2001. tigations in Civil Engineering Projects' was held on May 2-5, International Symposium on Earth Reinforcement (IS- 2000. A short term course on 'Exploration, Testing & Main­ Kyushu 2001) in Fukuoka during November 14-16, 2001. tenance of Rock Structures' on Feb. 12-21, 2001. International Symposium on Groundwater Problems related Srinagar Chapter became the 20th Chapter of the Society by to Geo-Environment (IS-Okayama 2003) in Okayama during inaugurating it on June 24, 2000. A seminar on 'Geotechnical May 14-16, 2003. Problems in Himalayan Region' was held. The 16lh ICSMGE in Osaka in the year 2005.

(3) Roving lecture (3) Technical Committee Activities Prof. Niel Kerbs Ovesen, Managing Director of Danish TC9, Geosynthetics and Earth Reinforcement: TC9 meet­ Geotechnical Institute and the author of Eurocodes on Geo­ ings took place during several international conferences in­ technical Engineering” conducted a series of Workshops and cluding the 11th Pan-American Conference, the LI111 Asian Lectures at Chapters Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Regional Conference, GeoDenver 2000 and GeoEng 2000. Mumbai & Roorkee. The theme of the Workshop was ‘Limit TC29, Stress-Strain Testing of Geomaterials in the Labora­ State Analysis in Design Codes of Geotechnical Engineer­ tory: The Second International Conference on Pre-Failure ing.’ Deformation Characteristics of Geomaterials (IS-Torino ’99) was held in Torino during September 27-29, 1999. A book INDONESIA entitled “Advanced Laboratory Stress-Strain Testing of Geomaterials“ will be published in August 2001, highlight­ (1) Establishment of Local Chapters ing the Committee’s seven-year activities. TC30, Coastal Geotechnical Engineering: International The East Java Chapter was established on January 14, 2000, and Symposium on Coastal Geotechnical Engineering in thus ISGE has now 7 local chapters at the provinces o f North Practice (IS-Yokohama 2000) was held in Yokohama Sumatera, South Sumatera, East Java, Central Java, Special Dis­ during September 20-22, 2000. trict of Yogyakarta, South Sulawesi, and Riau. ATC3, Geotechnology for Natural Hazards: A workshop on geotechnical aspects of the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake was (2) Conferences and Seminars held in Taipei in 2000. A book entitled “Post-Liquefaction ■ The yearly national conference organized by ISGE was held Restoration Manual” will be published in August 2001. in November, 2000 with title of “PIT INDO-GEO 2000” in ATC8, Groundwater Environment and Quality Management: Jakarta. Field surveys of groundwater environments in Vietnam ISGE has held the following seminars, jointly with other in­ will be performed in May 2001. The preparation of an in­ stitutions,: ternational symposium (IS-Okayama 2003) is in progress. - Seminar on 'Site Characterization for Road Project1 on ATC9, Protection of Cultural Heritage from Landslides: March 22, 2000 at Institute of Road Engineering in Field Workshop on Landslides and Natural/Cultural Heri­ Bandung. tage in Turkey will be held during August 22-24, 2001 on - Tunneling 2000' on April 7-10, 2000 in Bandung. the occasion of the 15th ICSMGE. - 'Problem and Reconstruction in association with Half KAZAKHSTAN Completed Structures Suspended for Long Period after Economic Crisis' on July 6, 2000 in Jakarta. International conference of “In-situ 2001” was held in Bali (1) Conferences, Symposia and Seminars on May 22-24 May, 2000. The conference was jointly or­ First Central Asian Gotechnical Symposium on 'Geotechni­ ganized by ISGE, SE AGS, TC-16 of ISSMGE ASCE Indo­ cal Problems on Construction, Architecture and Geo­ nesia Chapter, and the Indonesian Department of Public environment on Boundary of the 21a Century' was held on Works, and two local Universities. May 25-28, 2000, in Astana, Kazakhstan. More than two hundreds participants attended and the Proceedings contain JAPAN 237 papers (two volumes). Kazakh-Germany joint geotechnical seminar was held on (1) Conferences and Symposia October 13, 2000, at VTP - hall of the L.N. Gumileyov International Symposium on Geotechnical Aspects of Un­ Eurasian University in Astana, Kazakhstan. derground Construction in Soft Ground (IS-Tokyo ’99) was Kazakh-Japan joint geotechnical seminar will be held on held in Tokyo during July 19-21, 1999, with 193 partici­ August 2-3, 2001 in Astana, Kazakhstan. pants. The Proceedings contain 115 papers.

2891 (2) Conference to be held (2) Others International Conference on 'Coastal Geotechnical Confer­ The Geotechnical Engineering Journal of SEAGS is now ence in Practice1 will be held on May 27-29, 2002 in Atyrau, published three times a year in April, August and December. Kazakhstan A Tan Swan Beng Award is established in honour of the Past-President, Dr. Tan Swan Beng, and the award will be KOREA made in the 14th SEAGC to be held in Hong Kong in De­ cember, 2001. Prof. N. R. Morgenstem gave the first Peter (1) Key activities and achievements Lumb Lecture in Hong Kong in honour of the Past -Presi­ The KGS Spring 2000 National Conference was held in dent, the late Peter Lumb. March in Seoul. Two invited lectures were presented at the Dr. Za-Chieh Moh will deliver the Year 2001 Milton Bender conference. They were: Lecture at AIT on Thursday, June 28, 2001 at the AIT Con­ "Side Resistance in Deep Foundation" by Michael W. ference Center Auditorium on Geotechnical Engineering O'Neill (U. of Houston) and Infra-Structure Developments. "Anchor Mooring Line Analysis in Cohesive Seafloor" This brief report do not include the extensive activities of by S. C. Bang (South Dakota School of Mines and Tech­ the Local Chapters of SEAGS in ROC, Hong Kong, Thai­ nology) land, Singapore and Malaysia The KGS Fall 2000 National Conference was held in Octo­ ber in Seoul. Also two invited lectures were presented at the SRI LANKA conference. They were: "Effects of Anisotropic Consolidalionon Strength of (1) Seminar Soils" by B.H. Kang (Inha University) A two day workshop on "From Theory to the Practice of "Nonlinear Soil Stiffness in Routine Design" by J. At­ Unsaturated Soil Mechanics" in May 2000 in Colombo, kinson (The City U.. U.K.) which was conducted by Prof. D G Fredlund. The KGS Spring 2001 National Conference was held in A one day conference on Ground Improvement Techniques March in Seoul. An invited lecture entitled "Mutual Recog­ is planned for the year 2001. It will be held in the latter part nition of APEC Engineer" was presented by E. H. Baik (Ko­ of the year. rea Construction Engineers Association). The 39th Rankine lecturer, Professor Serge Leroueil o f Laval (2) Others University in Canada gave a lecture entitled 'Natural Slopes Sri Lankan Geotechnical Society held a competition to select and Cuts: Movement and Failure Mechanisms' at a seminar the best undergraduate student in Geotechnical engineering in Seoul. in Sri Lankan universities in December 2000. Two competi­ The 4th Asian Young Geotechnical Engineers Conference tions are planned for the year 2001 : one for the undergradu­ was held in Seoul, Korea on May 21-23, 2001. ates students and another for young engineers (under the age of 35) and M. Eng stuents. (2) Conference to be held ATC 7, Thick Deltaic Deposits : A seminar will be held in (c) Australasian Region. Mark Randolph September in Pusan. An organization of an International Symposium is in progress. Membership and Incorporation The International Symposium on Geosynthetics will be held Membership of both the Australian Geomechanics Society and in 2004. the New Zealand Geotechnical Society remains buoyant, with total membership of AGS around 940, and of NZGS about 440. SOUTHEAST ASIA The New Zealand Geotechnical Society (NZGS) has become in­ corporated, and the Australian Geomechanics Society (AGS) (1) Conferences, Sympoium and Seminars will follow suit once its constitution is finalised. This will protect The 13th SEAGC took place in Taipei in November 1998. members from actions of the society, allows each society to Prof. Ralph Peck and William Lam be were Guests of Hon­ manage its own finances and destiny and also provides a meas­ ours. Prof. M. Jamiolkowski and Kenji Ishihara were Key­ ure of independence from the corresponding national Institution note Speakers. of Engineers (IEAust or IPENZ). The Sixth Cycle Celebrations of His Majesty the King of Thailand and the 40th Anniversary of AIT, had a Section on Conferences Geotechnical Engineering within the frame-work of the Civil Melbourne hosted GeoEng 2000 in November 2000, which at­ and Environmental Engineering Conference. Prof. Kenji tracted over 800 delegates. This first conference sponsored by Ishihara, Dr. Za-Chieh Moh, Prof. Seng Lip Lee, Prof. Kaare the three sister societies (ISSMGE, ISRM and IAEG) was Hoeg and many others gave Guest Lectures. judged an excellent success, much credit for which goes to the The Geotech Year 2000 held in Bangkok in November, Chair of the organising committee, Max Ervin of Golder Associ­ 2000, saw the contributions from a large number of giants in ates. The conference was preceded by the John Booker Memo­ Geo tech. rial Symposium in Sydney, and also a number of satellite work­ shop events organised by the Technical Committee of the (2) Conferences to be held ISSMGE. Preparations are now well advanced for the 12th ARC by the An NZGS symposium “Development and Engineering in Singapore Chapter of SEAGS; the National University o f Hazardous Terrain” will be held in August 2001 in Christ­ Singapore, the Nan yang Technological University, the In­ church. It will include a one-day Engineering Geology Work­ stitution of Engineers, Singapore and other organizations in shop. Singapore are expected to make joint efforts in the organiza­ The 2nd ANZ Environmental Geomechanics Conference tion of this event. is planned to take place in Newcastle in late 2001. The confer­ -The 14th SEAGC will take place in Hong Kong in Decem­ ence is being organised by the Newcastle Chapter, and a call for ber, 2001. Prof. Poulos will give the Chin Fung Kee Lecture papers has already been issued. established in honour of the Past-President, the late Prof. Planning is underway for the next ANZ Young Geotechnical Chin. Prof. John Burland will also deliver a Guest Lecture. Professionals Conference, which is scheduled for Rotorua, New The 5th Asian Young Geotechnical Conference will be held Zealand in February 2002. in Taiwan in 2003.

2892 Planning has also commenced for the next ANZ Geome­ took place, attended by 310 delegates from 21 countries. The chanics Conference to be held in Auckland in 2002. The date “Vienna Terzaghi Lecture” was delivered by Prof. R. Mair. for this has yet to be confirmed as it coincides with same year as The 14th European Young Geotechnical Engineers’ Confer­ the ISRM conference. The conference convenor is Stephen ence (EYGEC 2001) will take place between IS and 19 Septem­ Crawford ([email protected]). ber in a monastery near Plovdiv in Bulgaria. The preparations are in progress. Awards The preparations for the XII Danube European Conference on Scott Fidler was selected to receive the inaugural AGS-Don Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (Passau, Ger­ Douglas Youth Award, sponsoring him to attend the Interna­ many, 28-30 May 2002) and for the XIII ECSMGE (Prague, 24 tional YGP Conference in September 2000. -28 August 2003) are in progress. Nearly 150 abstracts have been accepted up to now for the Danube-European Conference, Landslide Risk Management Concepts and Guidelines and the interest in the forthcoming ECSMGE is also very great. This report was prepared by an AGS sub-committee and pub­ Albania formed an Albanian Geotechnical Society. Its presi­ lished in the March 2000 edition of Australian Geomechanics. It dent, Prof.Dr.L.Bozo (Ms) attended the 3rd Austrian Geotechni­ has since been reprinted as a separate document and was distrib­ cal Conference and came into first personal contact with ISS­ uted widely at GeoEng2000. Assistance is currently being MGE representatives there. sought at both Federal and State levels o f government for fund­ The following European Regional Technical Committees are ing to produce Australian guidelines for hillside construction and still active: slope stability. I Stabilisation of Landslides; Chairman: E. Alonso 3 Piles;Chainnan: F. de Cock Nominee for International Presidency 7 Numerical methods in geotechnical engineering; The AGS National Committee has nominated Professor Harry Chairman: Ph. Mestat Poulos for the position of President of the International Society 9 Tunnelling and underground construction in soils and for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. soft rocks, in urban environment: Chairman: W. Wittke 10 Evaluation committee for the application of EC-7; Vice-President for Australasia Chairman: R. Lancelotta The incoming Vice-President for the Australasian region will be II Construction of pavements and railtracks; Chairman: Mr Grant Murray, of Sinclair Knight Merz Ltd, based in New G. Correia Zealand. 12 Evaluating committee for the application of EC-8; Chairman: A. Ansal (d) European Region Prof. Dr. H. Brandi 13 Geotechnical problems related to dredging; Chairman: W. Van Impe The Scandinavian Member Societies and the German Member Society of ISSMGE celebrated their 50th anniversary. (e) North American Region. Guillermo Springall In May 2000, the Baltic Geotechnics IX took place in P9mu, Estonia. It was organised by the Estonian, Latvian and Lithua­ Summary nian Geotechnical Societies and brought together representatives from many European countries. Because of this successful event, This report is a briefing of key activities, achievements and fu­ the Baltic Geotechnics Conferences will be continued, similarly ture plans within the three Member Societies of the North to the Danube European Conferences. American Region. It is composed by the reports transcribed be­ Also in May, the Polish Geotechnical Society held its Na­ low, provided by Prof Kerry Rowe, President of the Canadian tional Conference, and in Paris a workshop on Geotechnical As­ Geotechnical Society (CGS); Prof. Juan J. Schmitter, President pects in Pavement Design and Construction was organised by the of the Mexican Society for Soil Mechanics (MSSM); and Prof. European Regional Technical Committee ETC11. Harvey Wahls, ISSMGE Secretary for the US Geo-Institute (G- In June 2000, the Finnish Geotechnical Society organised two I). A summary is as follows: conferences whereby especially the 4th International Conference According to the last report, the North American Region has on Ground Improvement Geosystems should be mentioned. 3,400 registered members in the ISSMGE, of a total o f 15,600 in A very important event was the First International Confer­ rounded figures, which represents nearly 22 %. ence on Geotechnical Engineering Education and Training which The North American Region has been very active in the past took place in Sinaia, Romania in June 2000. It was attended by years and has concrete plans for the future. Some o f the most many high-ranking representatives of ISSMGE and provided important activities are the following: valuable impulses for further activities in this important field. The North American region currently is sponsoring nine TCs In September, the German Member Society organised its bi­ - Canada 5, Mexico 1 and the US 3- of a total of 32, that is 28%. annual National Conference in Hannover. It was attended by Geotechnical activities in each country continue developing about 1200 persons and a great success. strong interest in the fields of geotechnical education, research In October 2000, the 2nd European Conference on Geosyn­ and professional practice, through conferences, courses and other thetics took place in Bologna, Italy, whereby a close co­ events, according to the local requirements of each country. The operation between IGS and ISSMGE was demonstrated. Geo-Institute, founded in 1996, is an example of an expansive In November 2000, the Czech and Slovak Geotechnical Soci­ development, which is cunendy attracting thousands o f profes­ ety held its 28th National Geotechnic Conference in Brno. sional and non-professional individuals and firms linked in dif­ A large number of European ISSMGE members attended ferent ways to geotechnical activities. “GeoEng2000” in Melbourne (November 2000). This interna­ Several regional events have been held in the last four years, tional “Millennium Conference” brought together representatives including the XIIPCSMGE held together with South America in of ISSMGE and all sister societies. Foz do Iguassu, Brazil in 1999, and the First Panamerican Con­ In January 2001, the Hungarian Member Society hosted the ference on Geotechnical Education, in Oaxaca, 2000. Technical Committee TC 28 Meeting (“Underground Construc­ Two important reviews continue increasing the interest of tion in Soft Ground”). This event was combined with the Hun­ geotechnical engineers: the Geotechnical Canadian Journal, and garian Seminar in honour of Prof. Szechy. The Szechy Lecture the ASCE-GI Journal of Geotechnical and Environmental Engi­ was delivered by Prof R. Mair/Cambridge. neering. In February 2001, the 3rd Austrian Geotechnical Conference Two ISSMGE Board meetings were celebrated in the region,

2893 both took place in the US: the first one in Atlanta in 1998, at the other international organisations. Major Geo-Institute activities same time as the First International Conference on Soil Charac­ and events since October 2000 include the following: terization, and the other in Blacksburg, during the Geo-Odyssey 1. Dr. Evert Hoek presented the 2000 Terzaghi Lecture on “Big 2001 Conference on Foundation and Ground Improvement Tunnels in Bad Rock” at the ASCE National Convention in Plans for the future are a Conference on Physical and Centri­ Seattle, WA, in October 2000. The Geo-Institute also spon­ fuge Modelling for TC-23 in Newfoundland, 2002. sored additional 5 technical sessions. The Canadian Society has invited the ISSMGE to co-sponsor 2. Geo-Odyssey 2001, Foundation and Ground Improvement, with IAEG and ISRM in 2004, an International and Interdisci­ will be held at Virginia Tech on June 10-13, 2001. The pro­ plinary Conference on Resource Development gram will feature the 2001 Seed Lecture by Dick Goodman, The XIIPCSMGE will be hold in Boston in 2003. the 2001 Peck Lecture by Ben Gerwick, and a reprise of the Canada and Mexico intend to present proposals to host the 2000 Terzaghi Lecture by Evert Hoek. Kenji Ishihara and XVn ICSMGE in 2009. Michael Jamiolkowski will present additional invited lec­ tures. Canada 3. Dr. Suzanne Lacasse will present 2001 Terzaghi Lecture at the ASCE National Convention in Houston, October 2001. The CGS is an active, broadly based, diversified society whose The Houston programme also will include many other strong principal objective is to provide professional development op­ geotechnical sessions. portunities for its members. Internationally, the CGS is the na­ 4. Prof. Richard D. Woods has been selected to serve as the tional committee for ISSMGE. It is also affiliated with interna­ ISSMGE Vice President for North America, 2001-2005. tional societies and associations for rock mechanics, engineering 5. Planning is underway for the XII Panamerican Conference geology, permafrost, geosynthetics and hydrogeology. The CGS on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, which will is widely diversified across Canada. It offers over 100 meetings, be held at MIT (Cambridge, MA) in June 2003. This will be short courses, workshops, and conferences each year in 23 cities. the first PCSMGE to be held in the continental USA and will Annual conferences attract 250 - 350 participants. They are in­ be co-sponsored by the Geo-Institute and the American Rock creasingly accompanied by workshops and parallel conferences, Mechanics Association (ARMA). Prof. Herbert Einstein of particularly in association with the International Association of MIT is Chair of the Organising Committee. Hydrogeologists, but also involving geosynthetics, engineering geology, geoenvironmental engineering, and computing. Mexico Financial reserves are strong, both in the national society and in the local groups. Donations from industry support a wide Key Activities of the MSSM include the encouragement of the range of awards and prizes, including the Canadian Geotechnical knowledge and experience of soil mechanics amongst students, Colloquium for young researchers, and Cross Canada Lecture engineers and technicians nationally and regionally, through the Tours for established practitioners and researchers. The Society promotion and organization of short courses, lectures, seminars, is fortunate in its ability to attract and involve engineers and symposiums and conferences on diverse themes related with geoscientists from industry as well as the universities. While geotechnical matters, as well as the edition and publication of there is some concern about die age profile of the membership, notes, proceedings, and other technical material. A number of many of the local groups and technical divisions are being led by events are held in association with universities, organisations, men and women in early to mid-career. and other technical societies. Two young members at the Young The technical programs of the CGS support the objectives of Geotechnical Engineering Conference 2000 in Southampton rep­ the ISSMGE by acting as hosts for a number of ISSMGE Tech­ resented the MSSM. nical Committees. The Society will host a conference on Physi­ Main recent achievements of the MSSM include the organi­ cal and Centrifuge Modelling for TC23 in Newfoundland in mid sation of the First Panamerican Conference on the Teaching- 2002. It has invited ISSMGE to co-sponsor with IAEG and Learning Process of Geotechnical Engineering, the XX National ISRM in 2004, an international and interdisciplinary conference Meeting on Soil Mechanics, and the XV Nabor Carrillo Lecture, on Resource Development. It is also working on a number of entitled “Fifty Years of Soil Dynamics” by Robert Whitman. other international conferences, most noticeably the North These events were held in Oaxaca, November 2000. In addition American Rock Mechanics Symposium in 2002, and early to the proceedings of these events, the following books were also preparations for a bid for the ICSMGE in 2009. The Society published in 2000: Collection of Technical Papers on Sismo- sent two of its members to the Young Geotechnical Engineers Geodynamics, by Leonardo Zeevaert; Handbook on Deep Foun­ Conference in England in 2000. It is currently organizing a dations; and Evolution of Bridge Foundations Built in Mexico. Workshop for Geotechnical Educators (2001) to improve contact Several members of the MSSM prepared the last two. with the many young academics who have recently been ap­ Since 2000, the MSSM hosts the ISSMGE TC-36 on Engi­ pointed into our universities. neering Foundations on Soft Soils. Communications with members consist principally of (i) the Future Plans of the MSSM include: Symposium on Geosyn­ Canadian Geotechnical Journal, (ii) Geotechnical News, (iii) a thetics, June 2001; Short Course on Deep Foundations, July website at www.cgs.ca, and (iv) an extensive e-mail network that 2001; Lecture on Deep Foundations, by William Van Impe, July can be used for both regional groups and technical divisions. 2001; Seminar on Tailing Dams, September 2001; Short Course The Journal is technically managed and produced by the Na­ on Pavement Design, November 2001; and the First Lecture “Al­ tional Research Council of Canada but is strongly supported by fonso Rico Rodriguez”, related to themes on soil mechanics and CGS members through its editorial board, reviewers, authors, road structures, November 2001. For November 2002, the and subscribers. MSSM is organising the XXI National Meeting on Soil Me­ chanics, and the XVI Nabor Carrillo Lecture. United States

Under the leadership of President Robert D. Holtz, the Board of (f) South American Region. F Bogossian Governors of the Geo-Institute of ASCE is pursuing many new This report contains a summary of the activities of the three initiatives, including new publications, new conference formats member Societies which answered our request for a bi-annual and more interactions with other professional organisations in report for the period 1999-2000. the geo-industry. The International Activities Council is coordi­ nating interactions with ISSMGE and its Member Societies and

2894 ARGENTINA-SOCIEDADE ARGENTINA DE INGE­ A new technical magazine called Construction and Technol­ NIERIA GEOTÉNICA: ogy was created with the sponsorship of the SPG. SPG sponsored the IV FERCON (Construction Exhibition) in During the 1999-2000 period, the Argentinean Society published Asuncion in June 2000 where conferences were presented under issues no.39, 40 and 41 of its Journal (Boletín da la Sociedad the general title The Importance of Geotechnics in Paraguayan Argentina de Ingeniería Geotécnica) and was joined by 16 new Construction Development members. Coming Regional Conference: The II COPAINGE will be On June 2nd- 2000, during the Ordinary Assembly of the Ar­ held in Encamación 2003, the exact date is to be defined. gentine Society of Geotechnical Engineering the Executive Committee was partially renewed. Eduardo Núñez and Francisco L.Giuliani, members of the APPENDIX 4 - INTERNATIONAL YOUNG Society were nominated members of the National Academy of GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERS CONFERENCE Science, and their dissertations were on “Applied Research on Geotechnical Engineering in Argentine” and “Security on Dam, Report by Secretary General and Professor R J Mair Abnormal Behaviour and Corrective Works”, respectively. In November 1999 Jorge Suárez, a member of our Society, 1. First IYGEC, September 2000 received Oreste Moretto Award for Geotechnical Engineering, given by The National Academy of Science. The first International Young Geotechnical Engineers Confer­ The 15th Argentinean Conference on Geotechnical Engineer­ ence took place in the UK in September. The British Geotechni­ ing GeoBA 2000 was carried out on October 4-6, 2000,. About cal Association hosted the conference at the University of South­ 200 people attended the Conference where over fifty papers were ampton. There were 3lA days of technical sessions. Each day presented. Prof. Amoldo Bolognesi was designated the First started with a keynote lecture, and the 4 keynote lecturers were Honorary Member of our Society. Dr Suzanne Lacasse, Dr Kerry Rowe, Professor Robert Mair and Coming Regional Conference: The 16th Argentinian Confer­ Professor Kenji Ishihara. There followed a mixture of Plenary ence on Geotechnical Engineering will be held in Trelew, a city and Parallel Sessions as indicated in the programme below. All in Northern Patagonia, In September 2002. For more informa­ delegates made a 10 minute presentation of their work followed tion,, Prof. Oscar Moreno should be contacted at Facundo Quei- by a question-and-answer session and general discussion. Field roga 418, 9103 Rawson, Pcia de Chubut, Argentina trips to the Isle of Wight and Dorset Coast had been arranged for the Sunday. ECUADOR-SOCIEDAD ECUATORIANA DE MECANICA Member Societies had been invited to nominate up to 2 dele­ DE SUELOS E ROCAS: gates (age 35 or less) for the subsidised registration fee of GBP 100 per delegate, which covered all costs including accom­ The Ecuadorian Society for Soil and Rock Mechanics (SEMSIR) modation and meals for attending the conference. For a variety has signed an Agreement of Co-operation with the Peruvian So­ of reasons not all Societies could send their quota of delegates ciety of Geotechnics (SPG). and the spare places were taken up by other Societies but at the SEMSIR organised the Committee of Students of Engineer­ full cost rate of GBP300 per delegate. Some travel bursaries had ing of the University of Guayaquil to promote the investigation been offered to developing countries to assist in their sending in Geotechnics and Soil Dynamics. delegates to the conference. There was a mixed response to this They also collaborated in the studies of the Sliding at the initiative as can be seen from attached table. Chanchan River 100 km from the city of Guayaquil. Overall, the conference was a great success. 52 Member So­ SEMSIR participated in the Prize of the United Nations for cieties were represented at the conference and all delegates par­ the Prevention of Disasters, organised by the International Dec­ ticipated enthusiastically in the discussion sessions. It was ex­ ade for Reduction Of Natural Disasters- Genova Switzerland. tremely encouraging to note the tremendous breadth of activity SEMSIR organised a Seminar On Impact to the Environment amongst the Young Geotechnical Engineers and many of these and Solutions of Engineering from October to December 2000, are certain to play important roles in the future of the Society. aimed at young engineers and senior students of Engineering. In November 2000 there was a meeting in Cuenca for the or­ 2. Second IYGEC ganisation of the IV Ecuadorian Congress on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering and I Bi-national Seminar “Workshop Following the highly successful first International Young Geo­ on Natural and Anthropic Disasters”. technical Engineers’ Conference, it is the ISSMGE Board’s wish to promote an International YGEC every 3 years. The next PARAGUAY-SOCIEDAD PARAGUAYA DE GEOTÉCNIA YGEC would thus be held in 2003. Member Societies are thus invited to make proposals for hosting the 2nd International YGEC In 1999 the Society( Sociedad Paraguaya de Geotécnia) under­ to be held in 2003. It is recommended that the following guide­ went an important reformation acquiring the status of an entity lines should be adopted: with full legal rights. (i) The venue should be suitable for a maximum number of delegates of 150 (this corresponds to approximately 2 Main activities during the period: delegates per Member Society, together with some in­ As a consequence of the construction of the Congress Build­ vited Lecturers). ing in the historical downtown area, the society has established a (ii) The ISSMGE will contribute up to GBP10,000 towards Committee for Archaeology to study aspects of the underground the cost of the conference, together with up to GBP7.500 implication of this project evaluated in U$ 18 million. in bursaries to allow delegates from developing countries The Society was involved and participated actively in the XI to attend the conference. Pan-American Conference of Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical (iii) The hosting Member Society should subsidize the con­ Engineering in Foz de Iguazu. ference, or obtain subsidy from companies or other or­ The VI Structural-Geotechnical Engineering Seminar was ganizations, such that the total cost per delegate (includ­ held in Asuncion in July 2000 with 17 papers presented and 60 ing accommodation) does not exceed SUS150. participants (iv) It is expected that the Conference will be attended by a SPG sponsored several conferences and was involved in minimum of 100 Young Geotechnical Engineers (age 35 many activities together with other institutions such as CA- years or less). PACA,FIUNA, CPI and others.

2895 Member Societies were invited to make proposals at the Council on this. However, there are positive signs of progress and it is Meeting in Istanbul for hosting the 2nd International YGEC, hoped that the ISSMGE web-site will continue to be successful. based on the above guidelines,.

APPENDIX 6 - INFORMAL COUNCIL MEETING APPENDIX 5 -HOMEPAGE ON THE INTERNET MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA, 19 NOVEMBER 2000

Report by Secretary General Report by Secretary General

The ISSMGE web-site http://www.issmge.org/ has been devel­ As agreed at the Council Meeting in Amsterdam, June 1999, the oped to provide information of direct use to the membership. opportunity was taken to hold an Informal Council Meeting There are 5 main sections: News, Conferences, Technical Com­ during the course of the GeoEng2000 conference. There were 44 mittees, The Society and Regions. people at the meeting representing a total of 24 Member Socie­ ties, 6 Technical Committees and 1 Corporate Member. Follow­ News ing is an outline of the main items of discussion. Following discussion at previous Council Meetings, it was agreed that the printed paper version of the newsletter should be Joint Meeting of the Sister Societies phased out in favour of web-based news articles. The news could The President outlined the discussion between representatives of then be more current and also the significant costs of producing ISSMGE, ISRM and IAEG that had taken place on 18 November and circulating the newsletter would be avoided. The first at­ 2000 (see item 25 of this agenda). He emphasised the prepared­ tempt at implementing a News section was fairly static with arti­ ness of the Sister Societies to improve collaborations especially cles posted on the site at the same time as preparing a printed via the Technical Committees with common interests, for exam­ newsletter. This has now been replaced with a dynamic news ple Landslides, Environmental Geotechnics and Education. He section and items can now be posted onto the web-site directly noted the recent Symposium on Geophysical Site Characterisa­ from the secretariat office. The news section can thus be kept tion organised jointly with an ISRM Commission. continually up-to-date. However, to keep this section “alive” re­ quires the membership to supply a continuous stream of relevant Geotechnical Services Directory news articles. The Secretary General outlined a proposal for establishing an Internet based Geotechnical Services Directory. The proposed Conferences Directory would be, in effect, an International “Yellow Pages” The key activity of the ISSMGE is the organisation of confer­ telephone directory of Companies offering Geotechnical Serv­ ences. These may be general or specialist and organised at local, ices and would include Consultants, Contractors, Site Investiga­ regional or international scale organised on behalf of the whole tion Companies, Materials Suppliers (e.g. soil reinforcement), Society, its Regions, Member Societies or Technical Commit­ and Equipment Suppliers. The idea was that Companies would tees. There are often 20 - 30 ISSMGE related conferences a pay a small annual fee for their entry, for example GBP 100 for a year, and good publicity of these is essential. Posting conference standard entry and perhaps a larger sum for a more detailed and details on the web-site is straightforward and it is helpful if con­ enhanced entry. The income would be used to cover the costs of ference organisers organise their own web-site to which a link running the Directory, with surplus income going towards an can be provided. The Conference section has proved to be very ISSMGE administered fund that could be used, for example, to popular. provide travel bursaries to enable younger members of ISSMGE (especially those from developing countries) to attend Interna­ Technical Committees tional Conferences. The Technical Committees represent key activities of the Soci­ In the discussion that followed, it was clear that there was ety. Details of the committees and their members are available. support both for the usefulness of the directory to the geotechni­ In addition, following the discussion at the Amsterdam Council cal engineering profession and to the enhanced visibility it of­ Meeting annual reports are sought and posted onto the site. Most fered for ISSMGE. Dr K. Rainer Massarsch (Sweden) com­ Technical Committees have responded positively to the request mented that the directory had similarities with his GeoForum for reports. News from Technical Committees would also be Internet site and he offered assistance with establishing the on­ welcome. line directory.

The Society Corporate Sponsors The society section is largely factual given background informa­ Professor Mair introduced discussion on the role of Corporate tion and providing details of the Board Members. An attempt Sponsors in ISSMGE. Key issues to be considered were: was made at expanding this section by soliciting details of the • the general decrease in numbers of Corporate Sponsors from history of the various Member Societies. However, the response the present 23; was rather disappointing. • an increase in revenue from Corporate Sponsors so as to pro­ vide benefits, for example travel bursaries for young engi­ Regions neers; This is again a fact-based section giving contact details of the • mechanisms for attracting new Corporate Sponsors; secretariats of the Member Societies. It is very important, but • the benefits to Corporate Sponsors in respect of their annual quite difficult to keep this section current. Also, it is clear that subscription of USD400, especially if an increase in sub­ the membership would appreciate e-mail addresses to be given scription is considered. for the various secretariats but many are still missing. He went on to propose the idea of Sponsored Workshops as a means of increasing revenue as: (i) Identify specific topics of practical interest e.g. deep Summary For an Internet system to work effectively there is a need to be mixing, geotextiles, grouting. (ii) Identify Member Societies that would be interested in able to contact the secretariat of each Member Society by e-mail hosting a Workshop. and to have confidence that the secretariat is in e-mail contact (iii) Appoint a Keynote Lecturer to introduce the topic in the with its members. It is believed that there is still a long way to go Workshop.

2896 APPENDIX 7 - AUDITED ACCOUNTS 1999,2000

Report by Secretary General.

INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR SOIL MECHANICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING RECEIPTS AND PAYMENTS ACCOUNT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 1999

Univcnlty Credit Barclay! Investment of City Suisse Bank Accounts Cambridge Untvenltv SFr £ £ £ £

Cash balance at 1 January 1999 116,989 23¿73 261,514 961 Add: Receipts Member Society subscriptions 180,322 1,835 Corporate Member subscriptions 12309 Conference income 5,915 Telephone refund 116 Interest received 162 2¿80 16¿03

303,388 41,013 278,017 961

Less: Payments Emoluments and staff costs 28,750 16¿06 Travel and entertainment 15,969 Photocopying 1,224 651 Telephone, fax and homepage 748 345 Postage 74 1,108 818 Stationery 629 326 2,784 SGI line 8,311 Website 11,184 News Inter 3,593 909 Francophone bulletin 2¿08 Audit fees 1,128 Bank charges 154 87 Corporation tax 2488 Office equipment 699 38 7,035 Office move 525

154 76,493 20¿11 11,633

Add: Transfen from other accounts 248,439 20,000 14,000

Less: Transfers to other accounts (160,033) (34,000) (181,941)

Cash balance at 31 December 1999 143,201 178^59 96,076 750 2?367

Increase^decrease) In cash balance 26¿12 155486 (165,438) (211) 2¿67

Information: At 31 December 1999 - £1 “ SFr 2.608

Secretary General D a te

2897 INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR SOIL MECHANICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING RECEIPTS AND PAYMENTS ACCOUNT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2000

Unlventty Credit Barclays Investment of City Satss« Bank Accounts Cambridge University SFr £ £ £ £

Cash balance at 1 January 2000 143,202 178^59 96,076 750 2,367

Add: Receipts Member Society subscriptions 156,072 3¿58 Corporate Member subscriptions - 3,208 Publication sales and slide sales - 128 Corporation tax reftmd - 81 Interest received 163 7,898 5^88

299,437 194,132 101,464 750 2367

Leo: Payments Emoluments and staff costs - 19,800 8,430 4¿00 Travel and entertainment - 11,771 Photocopying -- 195 Telephone and fax - 8 551 Postage - 119 644 Stationery - 468 702 SGI line - 4,782 Website - 10,751 Newsletter - 6,727 Francophone bulletin - 3,608 Audit fees 473 2,350 Bank charges - 321 Corporation tax - 3,937 Conference support - 13,500 Office equipment - 86 497 Office bin • • 5,000

473 78¿28 8,431 12,089

Add: Transfers from other accounts - 94¿86 7,800 5,000

Leas: Transfen to other accounts (245,000) (12300) (119)

Cash balance at 31 December 2000 53,964 197,990

Increase/(decrease) la cash balance (89,238) 19,031

Information: At 31 December 2000 - £1 ” SFr 2.421 (at 31 December 1999 £1 “ SFr 2.608).

Secretary General í l Date

2898 International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering

Comparison with budget for the year ended 31 December 1 9 9 9

(Exchange rate CHF : GBP 2.608 )

Actual Budget GBP GBP Receipts Actual-Budget Member Society Subscriptions 70,977 72,000 (1,023) Corporate Member Subscriptions 12,809 9,000 3,809 (1) Conference Income 2,268 2,700 (432) Publication sales and slide sales 0 400 (400) Corporation tax refund 0 0 0 Telephone refund 116 0 116 Interest received 19,446 17,000 2,446 (2) 105,616 101,100 4,516

Payments Budget-Actual Emoluments and staff costs 45,356 48,000 2,644 Office rental 0 3,000 3,000 (3) Travel and entertainment 15,969 27,500 11,531 (4) Photocopying 1,875 2,000 125 Telephone and fax 1,093 1,500 407 Postage 2,000 2,000 0 Stationery 3,739 2,200 (1,539) (5) SGI Line 8,311 8,400 89 Newsletter 4,503 10,000 5,497 (6) Francophone bulletin 2,508 6,100 3,592 (7) Audit fees 1,128 1,500 372 Bank charges 146 0 (146) Corporation tax 2,288 2,000 (288) Conference support 0 2,000 2,000 (8) Office equipment 7,772 0 (7,772) (9) Office move 525 5,000 4,475 (9) Kevin Nash Gold Medal 0 0 0 List of Members 0 0 0 Heritage Museums 0 1,500 1,500 (10) Other Initiatives 8,000 8,000 (10) 108,395 139,700 31,305

Notes: (1) Some outstanding subscriptions were received in 1999. (2) Higher interest received due to investments made. (3) The office rental was not paid in 1999 and is earned over to 2000. (4) There was less travel than forecast. (5) Additional costs were incurred due to the need to reprint stationery with the new address. (6) There were fewer issues of the Newsletter than expected. (7) Some payments for the Francophone bulletin were late and appear in the 2000 accounts. (8) No income was received from Conferences. (9) Office Move and Office Equipement costs should be viewed together. A slight overspend was incurred in moving the office to London. (10) There were no payments made for Heritage Museums or Other Initiatives.

2899 International Society for Soil M echanics and Geotechnical Engineering

Comparison with budget for the year ended 3 1 December 2 0 0 0

(Exchange rate CHF : GBP 2.5663 )

Actual Budget GBP GBP Receipts Actual-Budget Member Society Subscriptions 64,627 72,000 (7,373) Corporate Member Subscriptions 3,208 5,000 (1,792) Conference Income 0 0 0 Publication sales and slide sales 128 500 (372) Corporation tax refund 81 0 81 Interest received 13,349 12,000 1,349 81,392 89,500 (8,108)

Payments Budget-Actual Emoluments and staff costs 32,730 40,000 7,270 Office rental 5,000 5,000 0 Travel and entertainment 11,771 27,500 15,729 Telephone and fax 560 1,500 940 Postage 764 1,600 836 Stationery 1,170 1,500 330 Photocopying 0 1,400 1,400 SGI Line 4,782 6,200 1,418 Website 10,751 8,000 (2,751) Newsletter 6,727 5,000 (1,727) Francophone bulletin 3,608 1,800 (1,808) Audit fees 2,350 1,600 (750) Bank charges 505 (505) Corporation tax 3,937 4,000 63 Conference support 13,500 16,500 3,000 Office equipment 583 1,000 417 Kevin Nash Gold Medal 0 0 0 List of Members 0 0 0 Heritage Museums 1,500 1,500 Other Initiatives 14,000 14,000 98,739 138,100 39,361

Notes: (1) A number of subscriptions from Member Societies were late and will appear in the 2001 accounts. (2) There was a period with no Executive Officer support following the retirement of Mrs Amy Cobb. (3) The travel costs were lower than budget, though some costs for travel to GeoEng2000 will appear in the 2001 accounts. (4) There was no separately identified photocopying expenditure; costs effectively in stationery (5) Additional costs were incurred in placing the TC reports on the website as agreed at the Council Meeting in Amsterdam. (6) The costs of printing the Newsletter were higher than forecast, mainly because of the large issue at the start of the year. (7) Some of the Francophone costs due in 1999 were not paid until 2000. (8) There has been no spending on "Other Initiatives". The planned Touring Lecture series commenced in March 2001.

2900 ISSMGE ORDINARY BUDGET (GB POUNDS) 2000 - 2005 RECEIPTS 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 1 Member Society Subscriptions 72000 72000 81000 81000 81000 81000 2 Interest 12000 12000 12000 12000 12000 12000 Total 84000 84000 93000 93000 93000 93000 EXPENDITURE 1 Emoluments and Staff Costs 40000 41500 43000 45000 47500 50000 2 Office Rental 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000 3 Travel and Entertainment 27500 27500 27500 27500 27500 27500 4 Photocopying 1400 2000 1500 1600 1600 2000 5 Telephone and Fax 1500 1600 1600 1800 1800 1800 6 Postage 1600 2000 1600 2000 1600 2000 7 Stationery 1500 2200 1600 1700 1800 2400 8 Audit Fees and Bank Charges 1600 2400 2500 2600 2700 2800 9 Corporation Tax 4000 2800 2800 3500 4000 4000 10 Website Maintenance 8000 8000 8000 9000 10000 11000 11 Office Equipment 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 Total 93100 96000 96100 100700 104500 109500 SURPLUS (DEFICIT) (9100) (12000) (3100) (7700) (11500) (16500)

ISSMGE EXTRAORDINARY BUDGET (GB POUNDS) 2000 - 2005 RECEIPTS 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 1 Corporate Member Subscriptions 5000 6000 6000 6000 6000 6000 2 Conference Income - 25000 4000 - 4000 25000 3 Sales - Publications, Audio-Visual 500 500 500 500 500 500 material Total 5500 31500 10500 6500 10500 31500 EXPENDITURE 1 SGI Line 6200 4200 4200 4200 4200 4200 2 Conference Support 16500 6000 6000 17500 6000 6000 3 Newsletter 5000 2500 ---- 4 Francophone bulletins 1800 1000 ---- 5 Young Members Awards - 1500 --- 1500 6 List of Members - 6000 --- 6000 7 Kevin Nash Gold Medal - 1000 --- 1000 8 Heritage Museums 1500 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 9 Other Initiatives (eg Model Library, 14000 14000 14000 14000 14000 14000 Touring Lecture Course, Slides, Videos, CD Roms) Total 45000 38200 26200 37700 26200 34700 SURPLUS (DEFICIT) (39500) (6700) (15700) (31200) (15700) (3200)

ISSMGE ORDINARY AND EXTRAORDINARY BUDGET -CASH BALANCE FORECAST (GB POUNDS) 2000 - 2005 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Overall Surplus (Deficit) (17347) (18700) (18800) (38900) (27200) (19700) actual

Cash Balance (assuming 1GBP = 2.57 CHF) 315700 297000 278200 239300 212100 192400 actual

(iv) Identify companies that offer services relevant to the neers with the ISSMGE, disseminating sound geotechnical subject and who could also present lectures in the Work­ knowledge and new developments, and offering a visible return shop. to Corporate Sponsors for their financial input. It also transpired (v) Use these companies to finance the costs of the Work­ that the Australian Geomechanics Society had already imple­ shop and also to pay a fee to an ISSMGE Travel Bursary mented a similar idea. Some concern was expressed as to how Fund. the Workshops might be organised in practice and on the poten­ The idea of a Sponsored Workshop was greeted with enthusiasm tial “commercialisation” of ISSMGE. However, overall it was and interest It was seen as a good and most likely effective felt that any potential difficulties could be overcome and there method o f raising valuable revenue, engaging practising engi­ was an expression of support for the idea.

2901 APPENDIX 8 - BUDGET 2001 -2003.

Report by Professor Mair, Chairman Finance and Budget Committee.

The budget, discussed and agreed at the Council Meeting in June 1999 has been extended to 2003 and a forecast budget to 2005 is included for information. There are few differences with the budget as presented previously and the main increases in costs are inflationary. The increase in subscriptions from year 2002 discussed at the previous Council Meeting has been included. In addition, an allowance has been made for an International YGEC in year 2003. There has been no allowance for potential income from the year 2003 Regional Conferences, although it is noted that this has been suggested and discussed on previous occa­ sions.

2902 President Kenji Ishihara opening the XVth ICSMGE.

Past President of ISSMGE at the opening ceremony.

His Excellency Siileyman Demirel.

IX Professor Gülsiin Saglamer, Rector of Istanbul Technical University.

President Kenji Ishihara delivering the Nash Gold Medal to Professor James K. Mitchell

Professor James K. Mitchell

X Homage to late Professor A. W. Skempton

Organising Committee, President K. Ishihara and Secretary General R.N. Taylor

Professor M. Jamiolkowsky delivering the Terzaghi Oration

XI Closing ceremony: President K. Ishihara, President-elect W. F. Van Impe, Secretary General R. N. Taylor and Organising Committee

Welcome cocktail on the ground of Istanbul Convention and Exhibition Center

XII Conference Programme/Programme du Congrès A. Plenary Sessions D ate /Time Place

1. Testing and property characterisation of geomaterials Chairman : D. Hampton (U.S.A.) Theme Lecturer : D. W. Hight (U.K.) Monday, 27 August Anadolu 11. 00- 12.00 Auditorium

2. Foundations and retaining structures Chairman : T. Kimura (Japan) Theme Lecturer : H.G. Poulos (Australia) Monday, 27 August Anadolu 16.00- 17.00 Auditorium

3. Tunnelling and underground space development Chairman : W. Wittke (Germany) Theme Lecturer : A. Guilloux (France) Tuesday, 28 August Anadolu 11. 00- 12.00 Auditorium

4. Ground improvement and reinforcement Chairman : F. Schlosser (France) Theme Lecturer : I. Juran (U.S.A.) Tuesday, 28 August Anadolu 16.00- 17.00 Auditorium

S. Environmental issues of geotechnical engineering Chairman : Za-Chieh Moh (S.E.A) Theme Lecturer : M. Kamon (Japan) Tuesday, 28 August Anadolu 17.00-18.00 Auditorium

6. Design, construction and maintenance of transportation infrastructure Chairman : H.E. Wahls (U.S.A.) Theme Lecturer : S. Laçasse (Norway) Friday, 31 August Anadolu 9.30- 10.30 Auditorium B. Discussion Sessions

1.1 Assessment of deformation properties including time and rate effects Chairman : I. Vanicek Panel Members : S. Leroueil (Canada) (Czech Republic) M. Lipinski (Poland) Discussion Leader : D. De Groot (U.S.A.) G. Mesri (U.S.A.) Tuesday, 28 August Anadolu D.Lo Presti (Italy) 9.00- 10.30 Auditorium

1.2 Soil property characterisation by means of field tests (Organised in partnership with TC10 and TCI6 of ISSMGE) Chairman : M. Ervin (Australia) Panel Members : M. Fahey (Australia) Discussion Leader : P. W. Mayne (U.S.A.) K.R. Massarch (Sweden) Tuesday, 28 August Anadolu A-B. Huang (S.E.A.) 14.00- 15.30 Auditorium

1.3 Recent developments in laboratory techniques for unsaturated soils (Organised in partnership with TC 6 of ISSMGE) Chairman : G.E. Blight (South Afr.) Panel Members : A. Birand (Turkey) Discussion Leader : D. Fredlund (Canada) P. Delage (France) H. Rahardjo (S.E.A.) Thursday, 30 August Halic S. Wheeler (U.K..) 9.00-10.30 Room

2.1 Design and performance of shallow foundations under static and dynamic loading Chairman : A.G. Anagnostopoulos Panel Members : R. Berardi (Italy) (Greece) M.R. Madhav (India) Discussion Leader : O. Kusakabe (Japan) K. Ozaydin (Turkey) Tuesday, 28 August Halic J. Gamier (France) 9.00- 10.30 Room

2.2 Recent developments in design and construction o f pile foundations Chairman : A. Saglamer (Turkey) Panel Members : M. Bustamante (France) Discussion Leader : M.W. O’Neil (U.S.A.) A. Holeyman (Belgium) Thursday, 30 August Anadolu Session Reporter : R. Fino (U.S.A.) R.J. Jardine (U.K.) 9.00- 10.30 Auditorium

2.3 Design and performance of retaining structures under static and dynamic loading Chairman : H. Brandi (Austria) Panel Members : J. Koseki (Japan) Discussion Leader : M.D. Bolton (U.K.) L . Martak (Austria) Thursday, 30 August Halic B. Simpson (U.K.) 14.00- 15.30 Room

2.4 Offshore platforms and pipeline foundations Chairman : S. Frydman (Israel) Panel Members : T.J. Kvalstad (Norway) Discussion Leader : M.F. Randolph A. Puech (France) Tuesday, 28 August TopkapiA (Australia) J. R. C. Mello (Brazil) 14.00- 15.30 Room

2431 Date/ Time Place

3.1 Design and performance of large underground openings Chairman : J.M. Duncan (U.S.A.) Panel Members P. Egger (Switzerland) Discussion Leader : G. Barla (Italy) R. Kastner (France) R. Sterling (U.S.A.) Tuesday, 28 August Halic P. Lunardi (Italy) 14.00- 15.30 Room

3.2 Design and practice as related to various tunnelling techniques Chairman : M. Nussbaumer (Germ.) Panel Members : X. Hou (China) Discussion Leader : W. Steiner (Switz.) I.K. Mihalis (Greece) Session Reporter : V. Labiouse (Switz.) H. Quick (Germany) Friday, 31 August TopkapiA F. Staijakob (Austria) 11.00-12.30 Room

3.3 Underground work in urban areas including its impact of existing infrastructure Chairman : D. Greenwood (U.K.) Panel Members : M.J. Kawadas (Greece) Discussion Leader : R.J. Mair (U.K.) A.Negro Jr. (Brazil) Session Reporter : J.R. Standing (U.K.) H. Netzel (The Nethl.) Thursday, 30 August Anadolu J. Robert (France) 14.00- 15.30 Auditorium

4.1 Deep in-place mixing methods Chairman : J. Graham (Canada) Panel Members T.Durgunoglu (Turkey) Discussion Leader : W.F.Marcuson III G. Holm (Sweden) (U.S.A.) M. Terashi (Japan) Friday, 31 August Anadolu K.Y. Yong (S.E.A.) 14.00-15.30 Auditorium

4.2 Ground reinforcement including geosynthetics Chairman : G. Calabresi (Italy) Panel Members : C. Plumelle (France) Discussion Leader : R.A. Jewell (U.K.) H. Ochiai (Japan) E. Giiler (Turkey) Friday, 31 August Anadolu M. C. R. Davies (U.K.) 11.00-12.30 Auditorium

4.3 Recent developments in ground improving Chairman : S. Springman (Switz.) Panel Members : E. Falk (Austria) Discussion Leader : R.D. Holtz (U.S.A.) M. El-Ghamrawy (Egypt) Session Reporter : D. Frost (U.S.A) K. Kirsch (Germany) Thursday, 30 August Marmara J. Steenfelt (Denmark) 14.00- 15.30 Room

5.1 Managing contaminated sites Chairman : B. Berggren (Sweden) Panel Members : D.G. Coumoulos (Greece) Discussion Leader : L.G.de Mello (Brazil) M. Manassero (Italy) Session Reporter : M.E. Boscov (Brazil) S. Pamukcu (U.S.A.) Thursday, 30 August TopkapiA T.F. Zimmie (U.S.A.) 14.00- 15.30 Room

5.2 Underwater geoenvironmental issues Chairman : P.Seco e Pinto Panel Members : M. Van den Broek (Belg.) (Portugal) D.E. Daniel (U.S.A.) Discussion Leader : W.F. Van Impe W. Wolski (Poland) Thursday, 30 August Marmara (Belgium) 9.00- 10.30 Room

5.3 Recent developments in containment techniques Chairman : A. Szavits-Nossan Panel Members : R. Katzenbach (Germany) (Croatia) T. Edil (U.S.A.) Discussion Leader : G. Baykal (Turkey) Friday, 31 August Halic Session Reporter : A. Edincliler (Turkey) 11.00-12.30 Room

6.1 Road, railway and runway construction Chairman : S. Saaralainen (Finl.) Panel Members : A.G. Correia (Portugal) Discussion Leader : T. Orr (Ireland) B.M. Das (U.S.A.) Session Reporter : B. Lehane (Ireland) A.F. Dimillio (U.S.A.) Friday, 31 August Marmara C. Madshus (Norway) 11.00-12.30 Room

6.2 Coastal and marine engineering Chairman : B.K. Mazurkiewicz (Pol.) Panel Members: E.E. Alonso (Spain) Discussion Leader: F.B.J. Barends (The Nethl.) J.-B. Kovarik (France) Session Reporter : M.B. de Groot (Maarten) S. Sassa (Japan) Friday, 31 August Marmara (The Netherlands) R. Verdugo (Chile) 14.00-15.30 Room

2432 C. Workshops D ate/ Time Place

W l. Professional practice (Organised in partnership with TC 20 of ISSMGE) Chairman : V.V.S. Rao (India) Co-ordinator : D.C. Starr (Australia) Wl A Tuesday, 28 August Marmara 9.00- 10.30 Room W1B Thursday, 30 August Topkapi B 14.00- 15.30 Room W2. Education in geotechnical engineering (Organised in partnership with TC 31 of ISSMGE) Chairman : J.P. Magnan (France) Co-ordinator : I. Manoliu (Romania) Tuesday, 28 August TopkapiA 9.00-10.30 Room W3. Earthquake geotechnical engineering (Organised in partnership with TC 4 of ISSMGE) Chairman : L. Finn (Canada) Friday, 31 August TopkapiB 11.00-12.30 Room W4. Legal problems in geotechnical engineering Chairman : U. Arslan (Germany) Co-ordinator : W. Heiermann (Germany) Thursday, 30 August TopkapiA 9.00- 10.30 Room W5. Scour of foundations (Organised in partnership with TC 33 o f ISSMGE) Chairman : M. Heibaum (Germany) Co-ordinator : J.L. Briaud (U.S.A.) Tuesday, 28 August Marmara 14.00- 15.30 Room W6. Embankment of high speed trains Chairman : A.G. Correia (Portugal) Friday, 31 August Halic 14.00-15.30 Room W7. Geotechnical physical modelling (Organised in partnership with TC 2 of ISSMGE) Chairman : R. Phillips (Canada) Co-ordinator : C.P. Leung (S.E.A.) Tuesday, 28 August Topkapi B 9.00- 10.30 Room D. Special Lectures

TERZAGH1 ORATION “Leaning Tower of Pisa: End of an Odyssey” Chairman : M. Gambin (France) Lecturer : M. Jamiolkowski (Italy) Monday, 27 August Anadolu 9.30- 10.30 Auditorium HERITAGE LECTURE “Golden Horn - a historical survey of geotechnical investigations” Chairman : P. Kolisoja (Finland) Lecturer : E. Togrol (Turkey) Thursday, 30 August Anadolu 11.00- 12.00 Auditorium

INVITED LECTURE “Re-appraisal of Terzaghi’s Soil Mechanics” Chairperson: F. Qmicioglu (Turkey) Lecturer : A.N. Schofield (U.K.) Thursday, 30 August Anadolu 16.00- 17.00 Auditorium

PERSPECTIVES (1) “Geotechnical challenges in reconstruction of historical cities” Chairman : S. Hansbo (Sweden) Lecturer : V.M. Ulitsky (Russia) Wednesday, 29 August Anadolu 8.30-9.30 Auditorium (2) “Embankment dam engineering and safety evaluation” Chairman : G. Stefanoff (Bulgaria) Lecturer: K. Hoeg (Norway) Wednesday, 29 August Anadolu 9.30-10.30 Auditorium (3) “Embedded retaining walls” Chairman : R. Krizek (U.S.A.) Lecturer : B. Simpson (U.K.) Wednesday, 29 August Anadolu 11. 00- 12.00 Auditorium E. Momentous Projects Chairman: S. Amar (France) Monday, 27 August Anadolu 14.00- 15.30 Auditorium (1) “Land reclamation in The Netherlands” Lecturer : A. Vemiijt (The Netherlands)

(2) “Construction of Suez Canal” Lecturer : M. Hamza (Egypt)

(3) “Construction of Panama Canal” Lecturer : W.F. Marcuson III (U.S.A.)

2433 A. Séances Plénières D ate/ Heure Lieu

1. Essais et caractérisation des propriétés des géomatériaux Président : D. Hampton (Etat Unis) Conférencier : D. W. Hight (Royaume-Uni) Lundi, 27 Août Anadolu 11.00-12.00 Auditorium

2. Fondations et ouvrages de soutènement Président : T. Kimura (Japon) Conférencier : H.G. Poulos (Australie) Lundi, 27 Août Anadolu 16.00- 17.00 Auditorium

3. Travaux souterrains Président : W. Wittke (Allemagne) Conférencier : A. Guilloux (France) Mardi, 28 Août Anadolu 11.00- 12.00 Auditorium

4. Amélioration et renforcement des sols Président : F. Schlosser (France) Conférencier : I. Juran (Etat Unis) Mardi, 28 Août Anadolu 16.00- 17.00 Auditorium

5. Problèmes de 1' environnement sous l'angle de la géotechnique Présidera : Za-Chieh Moh Conférencier : M. Kamon (Japon) Mardi, 28 Août Anadolu (Asie du Sud-Est) 17.00- 18.00 Auditorium

6. Conception, construction et entretien des voies de communication Président : H.E. Wahls (Etat Unis) Conférencier : S. Laçasse (Norvège) Vendredi, 31 Août Anadolu 9.30-10.30 Auditorium B. Séances de Discussion

1.1 Détermination des propriétés de déformation en tenant compte des facteurs temps et vitesse de chargement Président : I. Vanicek (Rép. Tchèque) Panellistes : S. Leroueil (Canada) Animateur : D. De Groot (Etat Unis) M. Lipinski (Pologne) G. Mesri (Etat Unis) Mardi, 28 Août Anadolu D.Lo Presti (Italie) 9.00-10.30 Auditorium

1.2 Caractérisation des propriétés des sols par essais in-situ (Organisée avec la participation du Comités Techniques "TCIO" et "TC16") Président : M. Ervin (Australie) Panellistes : M. Fahey (Australie) Animateur : P. W. Mayne (Etat Unis) K.R. Massarch (Suède) Mardi, 28 Août Anadolu A-B. Huang (Asie du Sud-Est) 14.00-15.30 Auditorium

1.3 Récentes mises au point dans les techniques de laboratoire pour les sols non saturés (Organisée avec la participation du Comité Technique "TC6") Président : G.E. Blight (Afrique du Sud ) Panellistes : A. Birand (Turquie) Animateur : D. Fredlund (Canada) P. Delage (France) H. Rahardjo (Asie du Sud-Est) Jeudi, 30 Août Salle S. Wheeler (Royaume-Uni) 9.00- 10.30 Halic

2.1 Dimensionnement et comportement des fondations superficielles sous chargement statique et dynamique Président : A.G.Anagnostopoulos Panellistes : R. Berardi (Italie) (Grèce) M.R. Madhav (Inde) Mardi, 28 Août Salle Animateur : O. Kusakabe (Japon) K. Ôzaydin (Turquie) 9.00-10.30 Halic J. Gamier (France)

2.2 Récentes mises au point dans le dimensionnement et l'exécution des fondations sur pieux Président : A. Saglamer (Turquie) Panellistes : M. Bus tain ante (France) Animateur : M.W. O’Neil (Etat Unis) A. Holeyman (Belgique) Jeudi, 30 Août Anadolu Rapporteur de la séance : R. Fino (Etat Unis) R J. Jardine (Royaume-Uni) 9.00- 10.30 Auditorium

2.3 Dimensionnement et comportement des ouvrages de soutènement sous chargement statique et dynamique Président : H. Brandi (Autriche) Panellistes : J. Koseki (Japon) Animateur : M.D. Bolton (Royaume-Uni) L. Martak (Autriche) Jeudi, 30 Août Salle B. Simpson (Royaume-Uni.) 14.00-15.30 Halic

2.4 Fondations des plates-formes et des oléoducs en mer Président : S. Frydman (Israël) Panellistes : T.J. Kvalstad (Norvège) Animateur : M.F. Randolph (Australie) A. Puech (France) Mardi, 28 Août Salle J. R. C. Mello (Brésil) 14.00- 15.30 TopkapiA

2434 D ate/ Time Place

3.1 Design and performance of large underground openings Chairman : J.M. Duncan (U.S.A.) Panel Members : P. Egger (Switzerland) Discussion Leader : G. Barla (Italy) R. Kastner (France) R. Sterling (U.S.A.) Tuesday, 28 August Halic P. Lunardi (Italy) 14.00- 15.30 Room

3.2 Design and practice as related to various tunnelling techniques Chairman : M. Nussbaumer (Germ.) Panel Members : X. Hou (China) Discussion Leader : W. Steiner (Switz.) I.K. Mihalis (Greece) Session Reporter : V. Labiouse (Switz.) H. Quick (Germany) Friday, 31 August Topkapi A F. Staijakob (Austria) 11.00-12.30 Room

3.3 Underground work in urban areas including its impact of existing infrastructure Chairman : D. Greenwood (U.K.) Panel Members : M.J. Kawadas (Greece) Discussion Leader : R.J. Mair (U.K.) A.Negro Jr. (Brazil) Session Reporter : J.R. Standing (U.K.) H. Netzel (The Nethl.) Thursday, 30 August Anadolu J. Robert (France) 14.00- 15.30 Auditorium

4.1 Deep in-place mixing methods Chairman : J. Graham (Canada) Panel Members : T.Durgunoglu (Turkey) Discussion Leader : W.F.Marcuson III G. Holm (Sweden) (U.S.A.) M. Terashi (Japan) Friday, 31 August Anadolu K.Y. Yong (S.E.A.) 14.00-15.30 Auditorium

4.2 Ground reinforcement including geosynthetics Chairman : G. Calabresi (Italy) Panel Members : C. Plumelle (France) Discussion Leader : R.A. Jewell (U.K.) H. Ochiai (Japan) E. GUler (Turkey) Friday, 31 August Anadolu M. C. R. Davies (U.K.) 11.00-12.30 Auditorium

4.3 Recent developments in ground improving Chairman : S. Springman (Switz.) Panel Members E. Falk (Austria) Discussion Leader : R.D. Holtz (U.S.A.) M. El-Ghamrawy (Egypt) Session Reporter : D. Frost (U.S.A) K. Kirsch (Germany) Thursday, 30 August Marmara J. Steenfelt (Denmark) 14.00-15.30 Room

S.l Managing contaminated sites Chairman : B. Berggren (Sweden) Panel Members : D.G. Coumoulos (Greece) Discussion Leader : L.G.de Mello (Brazil) M. Manassero (Italy) Session Reporter : M.E. Boscov (Brazil) S. Pamukcu (U.S.A.) Thursday, 30 August Topkapi A T.F. Zimmie (U.S.A.) 14.00-15.30 Room

5.2 Underwater geoenvironmental issues Chairman : P.Seco e Pinto Panel Members : M. Van den Broek (Belg.) (Portugal) D.E. Daniel (U.S.A.) Discussion Leader : W.F. Van tape W. Wolski (Poland) Thursday, 30 August Marmara (Belgium) 9.00-10.30 Room

5.3 Recent developments in containment techniques Chairman : A. Szavits-Nossan Panel Members : R. Katzenbach (Germany) (Croatia) T. Edil (U.S.A.) Discussion Leader : G. Baykal (Turkey) Friday, 31 August Halic Session Reporter : A. Edincliler (Turkey) 11.00-12.30 Room

6.1 Road, railway and runway construction Chairman : S. Saaralainen (Finl.) Panel Members : A.G. Coneia (Portugal) Discussion Leader : T. Orr (Ireland) B.M. Das (U.S.A.) Session Reporter : B. Lehane (Ireland) A.F. Dimillio (U.S.A.) Friday, 31 August Marmara C. Madshus (Norway) 11.00-12.30 Room

6.2 Coastal and marine engineering Chairman : B.K. Mazurkiewicz (Pol.) Pane! Members: E.E. Alonso (Spain) Discussion Leader: F.B.J. Barends (The Nethl.) J.-B. Kovarik (France) Session Reporter : M.B. de Groot (Maarten) S. Sassa (Japan) Friday, 31 August Marmara (The Netherlands) R. Verdugo (Chile) 14.00-15.30 Room

2435 C. Ateliers D ate/ Heure Lieu

W l. La pratique professionnelle (Organisé avec la participation du Comité Technique “TC20") Président : V.V.S.Rao (Inde) Coordinateur : D.C. Starr (Australie) W1A Mardi, 28 Août Salle 9.00- 10.30 Marmara W1B Jeudi, 30 Août Salle 14.00- 15.30 TopkapiB

W2. La formation en géotechnique (Organisé avec la participation du Comité Technique “TC31") Président : J.P. Magnan (France) Coordinateur : I. Manoliu (Roumanie) Mardi, 28 Août Salle 9.00-10.30 TopkapiA

W3. La géotechnique des séismes (Organisé avec la participation du Comité Technique “TC4”) Président : L. Finn (Canada) Vendredi, 31 Août Salle 11.00-12.30 TopkapiB

W4. Les problèmes juridiques de la géotechnique Président : U. Arslan (Allemagne) Coordinateur : W. Heiermann (Allemagne) Jeudi, 30 Août Salle 9.00- 10.30 TopkapiA

WS. L’affouillement des fondations (Organisé avec la participation du Comité Technique “TC33”) Président : M. Heibaum (Allemagne) Coordinateur : J.L. Briaud (Etat Unis) Mardi, 28 Août Salle 14.00- 15.30 Marmara

W6. Remblai des lignes pour trains à grande vitesse Président : A.G. Correia (Portugal) Vendredi, 31 Août Salle 14.00-15.30 Halic

W7. Modèle physique Hans la géotechnique (Organisé avec la participation du Comité Technique “TC2”) Président : R. Phillips (Canada) Coordinateur : C.P.Leung (Asie du Sud-Est) Mardi, 28 Août Salle 9.00-10.30 TopkapiB D. Conférences Spéciales______

CONFERENCE EN HOMMAGE A TERZAGHI “La Tour de Pise: la fin d'un cauchemar” Président : M. Gambin (France) Conférencier : M. Jamiolkowski (Italie) Lundi, 27 Août Anadolu 9.30- 10.30 Auditorium

CONFERENCE DU PATRIMOINE “La Corne d’Or - Une étude historique des investigations géotechniques” Président : P. Kolisoja (Finlande) Conférencier : E. Togrol (Turquie) Jeudi, 30 Août Anadolu 11.00- 12.00 Auditorium

CONFERENCE INVITEE “Réévaluation de la mécanique des sols de Terzaghi” Président : F. Çinicioglu (Turquie) Conférencier : A.N. Schofield Jeudi, 30 Août Anadolu (Royaume-Uni) 16.00- 17.00 Auditorium

PERSPECTIVES (1) “Les défis en géotechnique dans la reconstruction des villes historiques” Président : S. Hansbo (Suède) Conférencier : V.M. Ulitsky (Russie) Mercredi, 29 Août Anadolu 8.30-9.30 Auditorium (2) “Le projet des barrages en terre et l'évaluation de la sécurité” Président : G. Stefanoff (Bulgarie) Conférencier : K. Hoeg (Norvège) Mercredi, 29 Août Anadolu 9.30-10.30 Auditorium (3) “Murs de soutènement encastrés” Président : R. Krizek (Etats Unis) Conférencier : B. Simpson (Royaume-Uni) Mercredi, 29 Août Anadolu 11.00-12.00 Auditorium E. Réalisations Historiques Exceptionnelles

Président : S. Amar (France) Lundi, 27 Août Anadolu 14.00- 15.30 Auditorium ( 1 ) “Les terrains gagnés sur la mer aux Pays-Bas” Conférencier : A. Verruijt (Pays-Bas)

(2) “Construction du Canal de Suez” Conférencier : M. Hamza (Egypte)

(3) “Construction du Canal de Panama” Conférencier : W. F. Marcuson ID (Etat Units)

2436 List of participants / Liste des participants AUSTRALIA COUTINHO Roberto Quental DE AZEVEDO GUSMAO FILHO Jaime AIREY David DECOURT Luciano CARTER John DE FARIAS Marcio Muniz FAHEY Martin DE MELLO Victor F.B. GNANENDRAN Carthigesu DE MELLO Luiz Guilherme ISMAIL Mostafa EHRLICH Mauricio JOER Hackmet GIMENEZ BOSCOV María Eugenia MULES Gregory HACHICH Waldemar POULOS Harry JUCA José Femando RANDOLPH Mark KANJI Milton Assis RANKINE Kirralee LACERDA Willy A. RANKINE R.M. MAERTENS Jan SIVAKUGAN Nagaratnam MASSAD Faical SMALL John MELLO Jayme R.C. STARR David NEGRO Arsenio Jr. VITHARANA Nihal NIYAMA Sussumu PACHECO Marcus

AUSTRIA BULGARIA AD AMI Dietmar BRANDL Heinz STEFANOV Georg FUCHSBERGER Martin HENOEGL Otto KÜMMERER Clemens CANADA LESNIK Michael MARTAK Lothar MATICH Miroslav A.J. PESCHL Gerd CLARK Jack SCHEID Yannick CURT Valerian SCHWEIGER Helmut F. EL NAGGAR Hesham SEMPRICH Stephan EVGIN Erman SEMPRICH Wolfgang FENTON Gordon WILTAFSKY Christoph FREDLUND Delwyn G. GRAHAM Jim GROZIC Jocelyn L.H. BAHRAIN KONUK Ibrahim KRAHN John YousifNAYEM LEROUEIL Serge LI Joseph MCROSTIE Gordon BELGIUM OZDEN Zuhtu PHILLIPS Ryan BATTIAU Maurice ROWE R. Keny BAUDUIN Christopher ROY Marius BOLLE Albert SCOTT Don DE COCK Flor VLACHOPOULOS Nicholas DELMOTE Sophie GOOSENS Daniel HAEGEMAN Wim CHILE HOLEYMAN Alain JEWELL Richard A. ANDRADE Carlos MAZZIERI Francesco FERREIRA Henrique Nováis VAN ALBOOM Gauthier KORT Issa VANDEN BROECK Marc RETAMAL Lucy Magana VAN IMPE Peter VERDUGO Ramon VAN IMPE William

CHINA BOLIVIA CHEN Zhi Ming Mauricio SALINAS GU Xiaoyun JIWANG Wang NG Charles BRASIL NOVAIS Ferreira YUAN Xun ALMEDIA Maria CAPRONI JUNIOR Nelson CEPOLLINA Mario

2999 COLOMBIA KOLISOJA Pauli LANSIVAARA Tim CAICEDO Bernardo LEHTONEN Jouko LIZCANO Pelaez Arcesio LEIMI Pasi MOYA Julio MAKELA Erkki MAKELA Ham GUSTAVSSON Heny CROTIA RANTALA Kalle RATHMAYER Hans KOVACEVIC Maho Sasa RAVASKA Olli LISAC Zvonimir SAARELAINEN Seppo MA VAR Ramon SLUNGA Eero MEGLA Tomislav VEPSALAINEN Pauli MULABDIC Mensur VIITALA Jouko STANIC Bogdan VUORIMIESSTEFANOV Nuutti STOJKOVIC Branko SZAVITS NOSSAN Antun SZAVITZ NOSSAN Vlasta FRANCE

AH-LIN Clement CZECH REPUBLIC AL-MUKHTAR Muzahim AMAR Samuel BOHAC Jan BIAREZ Jean DOLEZALOVA Marta BAGUELIN Francois FED A Jarosav BERTHELOT Patrick HERLE Ivo BOREL Serge KOUDELKA Petr BOUTONNIER Luc KUTHAN Branislav BREUL Pierre SKOPEK Jiri BUSTAMANTE Michel VANICEK Ivan CANOU Jean COLLIAT DANGUS Jean Louis CUT Yu Jun DENMARK DELAGE Pierre EVERS Gerard FRANCK Bjarne FAURE Rene Michel FRANCK Freddie GAMBIN Michel GORMSEN Claus GARNIER Jacques OVESEN Niels Krebs GATMIRI Behrouz OLSEN Mögen S. GOURVES Roland STEENFELT Jorgen GRESS Jean Claude GUERPILLON Yves GUILLOT Xavier EGYPT GUILLOUX Alain KASTNER Richard A. ABDEL-LATIF Mohemed KO VARIK Jean Bernard ABDEL RAHMAN Amira Mohamed KHATTAB Suhail Adrees Abdulkader ABDEL-SALAM Ashraf LEFEBVRE Francois ABU KIEF A Mostafa LERAT Patrick ATAAlaa L1AUSU Philippe DARRAG A. Amr MAGNAN J.P. EID Hisham MALOUM Sihem EL-GRAHAM WY Moustafa Kamel MASSONET Roger EL-KHOULY Mohamed MESTAT Philippe EL-ZAHRAA BALIGH Fatma PLUMELLE Claude EZZELDINE Omar PUECH Alain HAFEZ Hisham ROBERT Jacques HAMZA Mamdouh ROPERS Françoise SHAHIEN Marawan SCHLOSSER Francois SAKR Mohamed SEVE Gilles STOEHR Bertrand THIRIAT Daniel ESTONIA TRAK Baris VARAKSIN Serge METS Mait

GERMANY FINLAND ALEXIEW Dimiter AALTO Asko ARSLAN Ulvi AVELLAN Kari Christer

3000 AYDOGMUS Tauer HONG KONG BLUME Karl Heinz CHAMBOSSE Gerhard LEE Kin Man CHAMIER Hoolger WOODROW Lome EL MOSSALLAMY Yasser YIN Jianhua FEHSENFELD Anke FLOSS Rudolf GIERE Johannes HUNGARY GODENZIE Don GUTWALD Jorgen S. IMRE Emoke HEERTEN Georg KOVACS Balazs HEIBAUM Micheal LAMBOJ Ladislav HEINEKE Stefan A. MECSI Jozsef ITTERSHAGEN Marc SCHARLE Peter JOHANNSSEN Carsten SZABO Imre KATZENBACH Rolf SZEPESHAZI Roberto Quental KINZEL Julia KIRSCH Klaus KIRSCH Fabian ICELAND KONIETZKY Heinz KUDELLA Peter BJARNASON Gunnar LAACKMANN Kirsten SKULASON Jon LOTHSPEICH Steve OR Esat Naci NIEMUNIS Andizej INDENOSIA NUSSBAUMER Manfred OTTERBEIN Reiner YASSIN Hendro QUICK Hubert SCHMIDT Hanz Gottfried SCHMITT Alexander INDIA SCHWAB Radu SOBOLEWSKI Janusz KURJAN Nain an STÖCKER Manfred F. MADHAV Madhira R. STOETZER Erwin RAO V.V.S. STRUBER Sandra THOMANN Gunter THOMSON Graham IRAN TUREK Jens VIEDENZ Ulrich BAZIAR Mohammad Hassan VOGEL Wolfgang GHALANDARZADEH Abbas WEGNER Rainer HABIBAGAHI Ghassem WEIDLE Alexandra HEIDARI Saeed WITTE Matthias NAEIN1 Seyed Abolhassan WITTKE Walter REZVAN Kamran ZEHETMAIER Karl Heinz

IRAQ GREECE AZIZ Abdulsatar AN AGNOSTOPOULOS Andreas ANAGNOSTOPOULOS Christos ASPROUDAS Spilios IRELAND ATMATZIDIS Dimitrios GLYNN Daniel CAVOUNIDIS Spyros COUMOULOS Demetrios LEHANE Barry ORR Trevor DOUNIAS George GAZETAS George GEORGIADIS Michael ISRAEL KALLIOGLOU Polyxeni KAVVADAS Micheal KULESZA Richard A. AMIR Joram LEIVADAS Gouiliam Angelos DAVID David FRYDMAN Samuel MARINOS Paul MARKOU Ionnis HAZZAN Basem ISHAY David MICHALIS Illias KORN Alexander PANTAZIDOU Marina PAPANTONOPOULOS Constantin KOMORNIK Amos SKEMPAS Marinos LAVIE Yoram TSATSANIFOS Christos LEHRER Ady TZIRITA Antiopy MACHT A Daniel NEGRI Yermiyahou VLAVIANOS George

3001 OVADIA Dan KATSUMI Takeshi RIMON Yuval KAWAGUCHI Takayuki YUGER Mordechai KAWAI Katsuyuki ZOLKOV Eli KAZUYOSH1 Makakuma KIKU Hiroyoshi KIMURA Makoto ITALY KIMURA Tsutomu KITA Katsutoshi BARLA Giovanni KOBAYASHI Shin-Ichi BARLA Marco KODAKA Takeshi BATTELrNO Darinka KOHGO Yuji BERARDI Riccardo KOJIMA Kenichi CALABRESI Giovanni KOKUSHO Takeji COMEDINI Massimo KOSEKI Junichi CRESPELLANI Teresa KUSAKABE Osamu FALK Eduard KUWANO Jiro FEDERICO Antonio KUWANO Reiko FIOROTTO Renalo LIU Sihong FLERES Vincenzo MAEDA Yoshito FRATALOCCHI Evelina MATSUI Kenji GHIONNA Vito Nicola MATSUI Tamotsu GOTT ARDI Guido MATSU OKA Hajime JAMIOLKOWSKI Michael MIURA Norihiko LO PRESTI Diego MIYAMOTO Junji MADIA1 Claudia MORIW1AKI Teakeo MANASSERO Mario MURAKAMI Satoshi MARCHETTI Silvano MURAT A Hidekazu MAUGERÌ Michele NAKAI Teruo PASQUALINI Erio NISHIMURA Tomoyoshi PICARELLI Luciano NAKANO Takayuki PORCINO Daniela Dominica NAKANO Yasushi RAVIOLO Pier Luigi NAKATA Yukio RECINTO Brunella NISHIGAKI Makoto RIBACCHI Renato OCHIAI Hidetoshi RIMOLDI Pietro OHTA Hideki SIMONINI Paolo OKA Fusao UZIELLI Marco OMINE Kiyoshi VALORE Calogero ONO Takashi VANNUCCHI Giovanni OSHIMA Akihiko VIGGIANI Carlo OTANI Jun SAKAI Katsuo SASSA Kyoji JAPAN SASSA Shinji SEKIGUCHI Hideo ADACHI Kakuichiro SHIBUYA Satoru ADACHI Toshihisa SHIRATO Masahiro AKAGI Hirokazu SHOGAKI Takaharu ASAOKA Akira SUN Dean CHAI Chun Jin SUNAGA Makoto CUBR1NOVSKI Misko SUZIKI Yasutsugu FINN William Daniel TAKAHASHI Akihiro FUJITA Keiichi TAKEMURA Chinami FURUTA Ryoichi TANABASHI Yoshihiko HARADA Kenji TANAKA Hiroyuki HAYANO Kimitoshi TANAKA Noriko HIGUCHI Mikie TATSUOKA Fumiokjhi HORIKOSHI Kenichi TERASHI Masaaki HORPIPULSUK Suksum TOHDA Jun HYODO Masayuki TOKJMATSU Kohji LAI Susumu TOKITA Yuki IMAI Goro TOSHIAKI Shiono rNAZUMI Shinya TOWHATA Ikuo ISHIGURO Takeshi TSUCHIDA Takashi ISHIHARA Kenji TSUKAMOTO Yoshimichi 1TOH Masao UCHIMURA Taro IWASAKI Yoshinori UCHIYAMA Koji KAMON Masashi WADA Hiromu KANAI Shiego WAT ABE Youchi KARKEE Madan YAGI Noria KATO Yoshinori YAMADA Hiroshi

3002 YAMASHITA Satoshi KUWAIT YASUDA Susumu YASUHARA Kazuya AL-YAQUT Anwawr F.F. YOSHIDA Nozomu YOSHIMATA Norimasa YUNE Chan Young LATVIA ZHANG Feng CELMINS Valters

KAZAKHSTAN LEBANON ZHAKULIN Adii ZHUSUPBEKOV Askar ASSAAD Bilal BALLOUZ Marco

KOREA LUXEMBURG CHANG Ock Sung CHANG Seo Man RIEMER Wynfrith CHOI Jung Hae CHUNG Choong Ki DIMITRIEVSKI Ljupco MALESIA HAN Hee Seok HONG Sung Wan LAWSON Christos HWANG Je Don HWON Koh Kyung IHM Choi Woong MEXICO JANG Chan Soo JANG Yeon Soo AGUILAR Hector Raul JEON Seong Kon ALVARES MANILLA ACEVES Alfonso JEONG Namhoon ANGUAS Paul Gamica JEON Oh Sang AUVINET Gabriel JEONG Sangseom DIAZ RODRIGUEZ Jorge Abraham JUNG Young Hoon ITURBE Rossario KANG Byung Hee JARAMILLO Eduardo Botero KIM Dong Soo JUAREZ BADILLO Eulalio KIM Duk Yong LANDEROS Hector M. Vaiverde KIM Gyo Won MENDOZA Manuel J. KIM Myoung Mo PECERO Gabriel Moreno KIM Seung Ryull PROCORO Barrera KIM Sooil SANTO YO Enrique KIM Yong In SCHMITTER Juan Jaco bo KIM Young Su SHELLEY Efrain Ovando KIM Young Yoon KIM Zucheol KWON Oh Jung MOROCCO KYUNGHAN Huh LAN Seok Hee EJJAAOUNI Houssine LEE Chong Kyu KHALID Ramdane LEE Eun Soo LEE Jinhyung LEE Kang Hun NEW ZELAND LEE Kyung Nam LEE Seong Kon MURRAY James Grant LEE Seung R. WESLEY Laurie LEE Seung Won LEE Young Nam NIGERIA MUN Hong Nyeon PARK Junboum EJEZIE Samuel U. PARK Keunbo EZEKIEL-HART Bennet PARK Yong Won FOLAYAN Joseph SEO Min Woo SEOKHO Cho SONG Chung NORWAY TAHA Mohd Raihan VICIUS Liudas Furmona ALM Torstein YOON Yeo Won ANDERSEN Knut H. FINSTAD Jan HAMRE Liv HERMANN Steinard

3003 HOEG Kaare RUSSIA KAYNIA Amir M. KVALSTAD Tore Jan BARTOLOMEI Adolf LACASSE Suzanne ISTREBOV Petr MADSHUS Christian NIKIFOROVA Nadejda SIMONSEN Ame Schram PONOMARYOV Andrey THORN Espem VOLKOV Felix

NORTHERN CYPRUS SCOTLAND

AT ALAR Cavit PYRAH Ian

PAKISTAN SINGAPORE

AJAZ Arif LEUNG Chun F. SAEED Irfan RAHARDJO H ari anto WADA Akira CHIAM Sing Lih PARAGUAY

BOSIO Juan Jose SLOVENIA

GABERC Ana Marija PERÙ HUIS Melanija KENK Miijana Kraljic CARDENAS Lindbegrh Meza KORPIC Primoz CARRILO GIL Arnaldo KOVACIC Andreja DE LA TORRE Miguel PECEK Danica MONTUFAR Enrique Arias PETKOVSEK Ana Marija ROBAS Alenka SVETLICIC Suzana POLAND ZLENDER Bojan ZVANUT Pavel DEMBICKI Eugeniusz LECHOW1CZ Zbigniew LIPINSKI Miroslaw SAUDI ARABIA MAZURKIEWICZ Boleslaw MLYNAREKF Zbigniew ALYAHYAI Khalifa SZYMANSKI Alojzy TEJCHMAN Andrzej TOPOLNICKI Michal SOUTH AFRICA WOLSKI Wojciech BERRY Alan D. BLIGHT Geoffrey PORTUGAL BYRNE Gavin P. DAY Peter BAIAO Carlos CARDOSO Mario CORREIA Antonio Gomes SPAIN CORREIA Rui Manuel DE BRITO Jose Antonio Mateus ALCITURRI Jose M. Sanchez DE FIGUEIREDO Paulo Alexandre Lopes ALONSO Eduardo FORTUNATO Eduardo BURBANO Germany GUERRA Nuno CUELLAR Vicente LEMOS Luis Joaquim Leal DAPENA Enrique DEL MONTE RAMOS Evaristo LOPES Graca DEL RIO Fructuoso PARDO DE SANTAYANA Fernando FERNANDEZ Cesar Nespral SANTOS FERREIRA Alexandre GENS Antonio SECO E PINTO Pedro HERRADOR Jose Maria V1ANA DA FONCESA Anton JUSTO Jose LUIS LEDESMA Alberto MORALES Enrique Romero ROMANIA MORANCHO Antonia Lloret OTEO Carlos COSLOVLIO Octavian RODRIGUEZ Fernando DUM ilKIU Adrian SAGASETA Cesar HARSULESCU Aurei SOLA Perdo R. MANOLIU Iacint SORIANO Antonio RADUINEA Nikolae

3004 SYRIA BRASSINGA Henk BRINKGREVE Ronald KAYYAL Mohamad COLLIGNON T.J.H.E. DE GROOT Maarten DE QUELERY Louis SWEDEN EIJGENRAAM Sander ESPOSITO Gennaro BODARE Anders HUTTEMAN MARCO BROMS Bengt KETELAARS Mieke BERGGREN Bo KOEHORST Benno DOC LONG Phung KOELEWUN Andre FRANZEN Gunilla KOLK Hany HANSBO Sven KWAST Erik HOLM Goran NETZEL Holger JENDEBY Leif PACHEN Hany MASSARSCH K. Rainer PETERS Rob SMEKAL Alexander SAFARI Bahrain SVENSSON Per Lennart SCHIPPER Rob TORSTENSSON Bengt Ame VAN Meindert VAN TOL Frits VENMANS Aijan A.M. S WITZERL AND VERRUIJT Arnold VRULING Han AMANN Peter WENTINK Joost BRENNER Peter WOLDRINGH Bob EGGER Peter FRODL Heribert GAERBER Roland TUNIS GENCER Mustafa HEUBI Christian JAMEI Mehrez JAUCH Fabrizio LABIOUSE Vincent LAUE Jan TURKEY NATER Philippe THUTAmo AKCELÍK Nefise SHARMA Jitendrapal AKKOLOrkun STEIGNER Helmut AKDOÓAN Metin STEINER Igor AKIN Celal STENGELE Rita Hermanns AKPINAR Kemal SPRINGMAN Sarah AKSOY Ismail Hakki VULLIET Laurent AKYÜZOÖLU Mavi ALKAN Hakan Veydi ALPAGUT Yunus Emre TAIWAN ARIS Sonad AT AS ARAL Münewer CHANG Der Wen AYGIT Recep CHUNG LI Chien AYTI Ekrem HUANG An Bin BAYKAL Gökhan LIAO Hung Jiun BERÍLGEN Mehmet M. MOHZaChieh BtLGlN Semih BlRAND Altay THAILAND BIRDER I. Üstün BÜYÜKLÜ Merih BERGADO Dennes CAM F. Se?il RUENKRAIRERGSA Teeracharti CANDAN Hände SAMBHANDHARAKSA Surachat QAÖLAYAN M. Hidir TAKEMURA Jiro QOLAKOÖLU Yavuz WEJ Noppadol Phien QiNiClOGLU S. Feyza DEMiRCtOÖLU idris DEMÍRELLÍ Kivanf THE NETHERLANDS DURGUNOÓLU A. Tufen DURGUNOÖLU H. Turan ALLERSMA Henderikus G.B. DURMU§ A. Korhan BAKKER Klaas DÜZCEER Rasin BARENDS Frans DÜZCEER Yasemin BEETSTRA Gerben EDtNCLILERAyje BEZUIJEN Adam ELVERlCl Hakki Ünal BIZZARRI Alessandra ERGUN Ufiik BJLHOWWER Erwin ERDEMGlL Mete BRAND Peter ERGtN Banj Emek

3005 ERGtN lpek TEKlNTURHAN Bahattin ERKEN Ayfcr TtLEYLlOÖLU Salih EROL Orhan TOGROL ErgQn ER§AHlN BQlent TOKER Mustafa ES AT Ye? im TORAGANLI Mehmet ETKESEN Zuhal TOSUN Yusuf GÖK Sebahat TÜFEKQi ihsan GÖKOZ Ülker ULUCAN BOlent GÖK Y AY Cevdet UZUN Hasan Basri GÖNEN Sait UZUNER Bayram Ali GÜLER Erol ÜNAL GOlgQn Yilmaz GÜLER Murat ÜNVER Mengll? GÜNDOÖAN Ferruh YENtLMEZ Erhan GÜNEY Yücel YE§tL Burak Ali GÜNGÖR Ahmet GQrkan YETGtNOCLU Abdullah HARUT Ali YETIMOÖLU Temel HERGÜL Tim lin YETKJN Umut HOROZ Atilla YILMAZ Elif tBRAHlMIYE Mehmet YILDIRIM Suat tNANIR MOge I§IK Seiami KARACA Gök^e UK KARACAYLIM. Ali KARADEDE Ercan AL-TABAA Abir KARAKIMSELt A. Zeki ANDERSON Bill KARALl Ebru BOLTON Malcolm KAVAK Aydin BOWMAN Elisabeth KAYA M. Kenan BURL AND John KAYHANOÖLU Haldun CHENG Yi Pik KELE§OÖLU M. Kubilay CLARK Roger KEZER Hasan Basri COOPER Mike KIN Ali SOha DAVIES Micheál KIRANFaal DJERBIB Youcef KIYMET Halbil GEORGE Enoch KURT SQleyman GEORGIADIS Konstantinos KURTULDU Sezgin GHOSH Bamali KURTULU§ Ash GREENWOOD David A KURUOÖLU Özgtlr HIGHT David William KUYUMCU özgür Raglan HYDE Adrian F.L. LAV M. Ayjen JARDINE Richard MERT ihsan JEFFERIS Stephan MARAL Mercan JONES Marlyn Jeremy MISIRLI Engin LAWRENCE Alix MUCUKGIL Riza LYDON Ian NALQAKAN Mustafa Serdar MAIR Robert ÖNALP Akin MARTIN Christopher ÖZAYDIN Kutay MC DOWELL Glenn ÖZBEN A Murat MENKITI Christian ÖZDEMIR Omit PICKERING Nigel ÖZKAN M. Tugrul POWELL John ÖZKESKtN Ash RATNAM Sangkaran ÖZSOY Mahmut Baran STALLEBRASS Sarah ÖZTOPRAK Sadik STANDING Jamie ÖZÜDOÖRU Kemal SCHOFIELD Andrew ÖZÜER A. BQlent SIMPSON Brian ÖZVEREN HQlya SOGA Kenichi ÖZYAZGAN Cemil SOUDAIN Max PtYAL Mehmet Zeki TAKE MURA W. Andrew SAÖLAMER Ahmet TAYLOR R. Neil SOLAK TOlin TEYMUR Berrak SOLAKOÖULLARI Fatih THOMSON Roger §AHlN Pinl TOLL David §EKER Nurettin WHEELER Simon §ENER Serhat WHITE David §ER£F0GLU Bayram TAKAOÖLU özden Beril TAN Oguz UKRAINE T ANRI SEVER Yavuz TEZCANLI Ercan BURIYAK Vasiliy TEKlN Omit LAZEBNIK George SHOKAREV Viktor

3006 USA TUTUMLUER Erol VANMARCKE Eric ABDOUN Tarek VANN Jeffry ABU-FARSAKH Murad WAHLS Harvey ALALUSI Hesham WARTMAN Joseph ALSHAWABKEEH Akram YAMAMURO Jeny ALSHIBLI Khalid WOODS Richard ANNANDALE George W. ZIMMIE Thomas ARANGO Ignacio AYDILEK Ahmet Gurkan BOWERS Carol VENEZUELA BRIAUD Jean Louis Colliat BRUCE Donald MARTINELLO T. Luigi BURNS Susan PANKOVS K. Igor DALTON Edward DANIEL David DARENDELI Mehmet B. YUGOSLAVIA DAS Braja DE GROOT Don MAKSIMOVIC Milan DE JONG Jason DIAZ Jerry DIMILLIO Alberto DUNCAN James Grant EDIL Tuncer B ASHARI Mehdi Esna FINNO Richard TARKKIO Tarmo FROST David GALLAGHER Patricia GEORGE Enoch GOUVIN Pierre GRIFFITHS D. Vaughan GUPTA Sachinder N. HAMPTON Delon HOLTZ Robert D. HOUSTON Sandra HOUSTON William ISKANDER Magued JEANJEAN Philippe JURAN Ilan KARATAS Ismail Hakki K.OMORNIK Uri KRIZEK Raymond KURURP Pradeep LIEDTKE Eric MARCUSON III William MAREK Adrian Rodriguez MAYNE Paul MESRI Gholamreza MITCHELL James K. NASCIMENTO Juan Pestana O'NEILL Michael O'ROUKE Thomas OSTERBERG Joij PAMUKCU Sibel PECK Ralph B. PRAKASH Shamsher PUPPALA Anand PYKE Robert RATHJE Ellen REQUENA Isaura Romero ROLLINS Kyle SANTAMARINA Carlos SHACKELFORD Charles SENAPATHY Harish SOZER Zeynep Bade SPRINGALL Guillermo STERLING Raymond STOKOE Kenneth THENAYAGAM Sabanayagam T1TI Hani TOPRAK Selcuk TUMAY Mehmet M.

3007