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00-Pages 1 . 10 Le POPI est un livre distribué gracieusement en France par les ensei- gnants de Pathologie Infectieuse et Tropicale aux étudiants de DCEM 2 ou 3 (Module VII) et DCEM 4. Certains annonceurs distribuent également le POPI aux médecins des hôpitaux. Pour obtenir le POPI en dehors de cette diffusion, il faut en faire la demande auprès de 2M2 (à partir de novembre 2003). Adresse internet : [email protected] Adresse : 2M2 (demande de POPI) - 7, rue Bastienne - 95160 Montmorency. Licence d’utilisation et précautions d’usage Le CMIT (Collège des Enseignants de Médecine Infectieuse et Tropicale) décline toute res- ponsabilité, de quelque nature qu’elle soit, pouvant résulter d’une négligence ou d’une mauvai- se utilisation de tous produits, instruments, techniques ou concepts présentés dans ce livre. Le CMIT recommande qu’une vérification extérieure intervienne pour les diagnostics, posolo- gies et techniques. ISBN CMIT : 2-913057-02-0 © Copyright La loi du 11 mars 1957 interdit les copies ou reproductions destinées à une utilisation collecti- ve. Toute représentation ou reproduction intégrale ou partielle faite par quelque procédé que ce soit, sans le consentement de l'auteur ou ses ayants cause, est illicite et constitue une contrefa- çon sanctionnée par les articles 425 et suivants du Code Pénal. Préface L’édition du POPI 2003 est la 8e. Comme les éditions précédentes, depuis janvier 1990, il s’agit d’un ouvrage collectif, rédigé par les membres du Collège des Universitaires de Maladies infectieuses et Tropicales,le CMIT, ex-APPIT Régulièrement revu, le POPI tient compte de l’évolution rapide de l’infectiologie, en par- ticulier des innovations diagnostiques et thérapeutiques, des récentes conférences d’experts et de consensus, des dernières recommandations de bonne pratique, des documents réglementaires du Ministère de la Santé. Le POPI rassemble sous un faible volume, facile à glisser dans une poche et à consulter, les bases minimums du traitement des infections et ce que l’on ferait si l’on avait une expérien- ce régulière de la situation à laquelle on doit faire face. La création des médecins référents en antibiothérapie et autres traitements anti-infectieux dans les établissements de santé, par la circulaire du 2 mai 2002 (circulaire DHOS/E2- DGS/SD5A- N° 272), est une mesure heureuse pour améliorer la prise en charge des malades ayant une infection et lutter contre la résistance bactérienne aux antibiotiques. Le POPI, tout naturellement, par l’expertise nationale que représente ses auteurs, est l’ouvrage de référence de tous les médecins hospitaliers en contact permanent avec les malades. Sa mise en ligne sur internet (infectiologie.com) et l’intranet des établissements de santé et universitaires sera une nouvelle étape pour faciliter son accès et son utilisation. Que le Comité de rédaction soit remercié de mettre de nouveau à notre disposition un outil bien vivant car actualisé et riche de synthèses fruits d’une longue expérience clinique et rédac- tionnelle. Professeur Patrick CHOUTET, Président du CMIT Auteurs du POPI C. Bazin J. Delmont Th. May A. Stein G. Beaucaire M. Dupon M.C. Meyohas M. Strobel B. Becq- B. Dupont C. Michelet R. Verdon Giraudon J. Frottier M. Micoud J.L. Vildé L. Bernard H. Gallais J. Modaï D. Vittecoq J.M. Besnier M. Garré J.M. Molina P. Weinbreck J. Beytout P.M. Girard Y. Mouton P. Yeni O. Bouchaud B. Guéry C. Perronne Co-auteurs A. Bourgeade B. Hoen D. Peyramond P. Berthelot E. Bouvet G. Humbert G. Pialoux J.P. Brion F. Bricaire F. Janbon E. Pichard Comité de P. Brouqui C. Katlama L. Piroth rédaction Ph. Canton J.Y. Lacut H. Portier G. Beaucaire F. Caron Ch. Lafaix C. Rabaud J.M. Besnier E. Caumes H. Laurichesse F. Raffi P. Chavanet P. Chavanet M. Le Bras J.M. Ragnaud H. Portier C. Chidiac C. Lecacheux G. Rémy F. Raffi P. Choutet C. Leport J. Reynes D. Salmon-Ceron D. Christmann O. Lortholary M. Robineau Coordination J.P. Coulaud F. Lucht R. Roué† M. Garré T. Debord D. Malvy W. Rozenbaum D. Peyramond J.M. Decazes B. Marchou D. Salmon-Céron E. Delaporte P. Massip J.L. Schmit P. Dellamonica S. Matheron J.P. Stahl Sommaire Partie I : infections par site Partie III : infections 1. Définitions 11 et situations à risques 2. Bactériémies 13 29. Infections nosocomiales 185 3. Choc septique 17 30. Bioterrorisme 204 4. Endocardites infectieuses 22 31. Accidents d'exposition aux liquides 209 5. Conduite thérapeutique pratique 31 biologiques devant une méningite aiguë 32. Antibioprophylaxie en chirurgie 214 6. Infections du système nerveux 43 33. Infections chez le toxicomane 225 central (méningites exceptées) 34. Infections chez le granulopénique 227 7. Infections bronchopulmonaires 46 35. Infections et greffes 230 communautaires 36. Infections et immunodépression 232 8. Péricardites infectieuses 56 (en dehors de l’infection par le VIH) 9. Diarrhées infectieuses aiguës 59 37. Fièvre et grossesse 235 10. Infections abdominales 62 38. Fièvre au retour d’Outre-mer 242 11. Infections génitales et MST 66 Partie IV : anti-infectieux 12. Infections urinaires 72 39. Antibiotiques : règles d'utilisation 252 13. Infections cutanées 80 40. Anti-infectieux et interférences 259 14. Infections des parties molles 86 médicamenteuses 15. Adénopathies infectieuses 89 41. Antibiotiques et antiviraux 269 16. Infections par inoculation 93 42. Antifongiques et traitement 278 17. Infections ostéo-articulaires 98 des mycoses 18. Infections ORL 105 43. Antiparasitaires 285 19. Infections bucco-dentaires 114 44. Anti-inflammatoires en pathologie 292 20. Infections oculaires 121 infectieuse Partie II : infections par germe 45. Antiseptiques 294 46. Hygiène et isolement 297 21. Infections à BGN 125 47. Vaccinations 306 22. Infections sévères à staphylocoque 131 48. Maladies à déclaration obligatoire, 315 23. Infections sévères à streptocoque 134 éviction, prophylaxie collective et entérocoque 24. Tuberculose 138 Partie V : annexes 25. Hépatites virales 143 A1. Centres nationaux de référence 317 26. Infections à Herpès virus 154 A2. Centres de vaccination anti-amarile 320 27. Infection par VIH, SIDA 162 A3. Centres de traitement antirabiques 323 28. Maladies à prions : 180 A4. CDAG 324 préventions en milieu hospitalier A5. CISIH 324 A6. Index 326 A7. Abréviations 334 Membres de l’Association des Enseignants de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Pr C. Bazin Pr J.M. Besnier Pr E. Bouvet CHU de la Côte de Nacre Hôpital Bretonneau Hôp Bichat Claude Sce des mal. inf. et trop. Sce des mal. inf. et trop. Bernard Av. de la Côte de Nacre 2 bis, bd Tonnellé Sce des mal. inf. et trop. 14033 Caen Cedex 37044 Tours Cedex 46, Rue Henri Huchard Tél : 02 31 06 47 14 Tél : 02 47 47 37 14 75018 Paris Fax : 02 31 06 49 96 Fax : 02 47 47 37 31 Tél : 01 40 25 73 76 [email protected] [email protected] Fax : 01 40 25 88 40 elisabeth.bouvet@ Pr G. Beaucaire Pr J. Beytout bch.ap-hop-paris.fr Unité d’Infectiologie. Hôpital de l'Hôtel Dieu Pavillon Christiaens Sce des mal. inf. et trop. Pr F. Bricaire Hôpital Albert Calmette. 63000 Clermont-Ferrand Hôpital Pitié Salpétrière CHRU de Lille Tél : 04 73 75 00 65 Sce des mal. inf. et trop. 59037 Lille Cedex Fax : 04 73 75 00 67 47, Boulevard de l'Hôpital Tél : 03 20 44 52 54 jbeytout@ 75013 Paris cedex 13 Fax : 03 20 44 49 42 chu-clermontferrand.fr Tél : 01 42 16 01 01 [email protected] Fax : 01 42 16 01 65 Pr O. Bouchaud francois.bricaire@ Pr B. Becq-Giraudon Hôpital Avicenne psl.ap-hop-paris.fr CHU Jean Bernard Sce des mal. inf. et trop. Sce des mal. inf. et trop. 125, route de Stalingrad Pr P. Brouqui BP 577 93009 Bobigny cedex Hôpital Nord 86021 Poitiers Cedex Tél : 01 48 95 54 21 Sce des mal. inf. et trop. Tél : 05 49 44 44 22 Fax : 01 48 95 54 28 Chemin des Bourrelly Fax : 05 49 44 43 83 olivier.bouchaud@ 13915 Marseille Cedex 20 b.becq-giraudon@ avc.ap-hop-paris.fr Tél : 04 91 96 89 35 chu-poitiers.fr Fax : 04 91 96 89 38 Pr A. Bourgeade [email protected] Pr L. Bernard 29, Rue Cardinale Hôpital Raymond Poincaré 13100 Aix en provence Pr Ph. Canton Sce des mal. inf. et trop. Tél : 04 42 38 45 08 CHU de Brabois 104, bd Raymond Poincaré Fax : 04 42 38 45 08 Sce des mal. inf. et trop. 92380 Garches auguste.bourgeade@ Tour PL Drouet Tél : 01 47 10 77 58 wanadoo.fr 54500 Vandoeuvre Les Fax : 01 47 10 77 67 Nancy [email protected] Tél : 03 83 15 41 24 paris.fr Fax : 03 83 15 35 34 [email protected] 6 Membres du CMIT Pr F. Caron Pr D. Christmann Pr P. Dellamonica Hôpital Charles Nicolle Hôpitaux Universitaires Hôpital de l'Archet 1 Sce des mal. inf. et trop. Sce des mal. inf. et trop. Sce des mal. inf. et trop. 1, Rue de Germont BP 426 BP 3079 76031 Rouen cedex 67091 Strasbourg cedex 06202 Nice cedex 3 Tél : 02 32 88 87 39 Tél : 03 88 11 65 86 Tél : 04 92 03 55 15 Fax : 02 32 88 82 75 Fax : 03 88 11 64 64 Fax : 04 93 96 54 54 Francois.Caron@ Daniel.Christmann@ mal-infectieuses@ chu-rouen.fr chru-strasbourg.fr chu-nice.fr (secrétaire) Pr E. Caumes Pr J.P. Coulaud Pr J. Delmont Hôpital Pitié-Salpétrière Hôp Bichat-Claude Hôpital Nord Sce des mal. inf. et trop. Bernard Sce des mal. inf. et trop. 47, Bld de l'Hôpital Sce des mal. inf. et trop. Chemin des Bourrely 75013 Paris cedex 13 46, Rue Henri Huchard 13915 Marseille cedex 20 Tél : 01 42 16 01 14 75018 Paris Tél : 04 91 96 89 35 Fax : 01 42 16 01 65 Tél : 01 44 85 63 01 Fax : 04 91 96 89 38 eric.caumes@ Fax : 01 44 85 63 04 [email protected] psl.ap-hop-paris.fr [email protected] Pr M.
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