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VICTOR SILVEIRA COSWIG.Pdf UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE PELOTAS Escola Superior de Educação Física Programa de Pós Graduação em Educação Física DISSERTAÇÃO Estrutura temporal e respostas biológicas em luta simulada de Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) VICTOR SILVEIRA COSWIG Pelotas, 2014 VICTOR SILVEIRA COSWIG Estrutura temporal e respostas biológicas em luta simulada de Mixed Martial Arts (MMA). Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Física, da Escola Superior de Educação Física da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, como requisito parcial à obtenção do título Mestre em Educação Física. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Fabrício Boscolo Del Vecchio Pelotas, 2014 Victor Silveira Coswig Estrutura temporal e respostas biológicas em luta simulada de Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) Dissertação aprovada, como requisito parcial, para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Educação Física, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Faculdade de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Data da Defesa: 25 de fevereiro de 2014 Banca examinadora: Prof. Dr. Fabrício Boscolo Del Vecchio (Orientador) Doutor em Ciências do Esporte pela Universidade Estadual de Campinas Prof. Dr. Fábio Yuzo Nakamura Doutor em Ciências da Motricidade pela Universidade Estadual Paulista Prof. Dr. Airton José Rombaldi Doutor em Ciência do Movimento Humano pela Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Dedico este trabalho a meu falecido pai. Gostaria de poder enxergar em seus olhos o orgulho que sentiria. E a minha mãe, Sempre presente e dedicada, fico feliz em poder te alegrar!!! Agradecimentos Ao meu orientador, Fabrício Boscolo Del Vecchio pela atenção, dedicação e compreensão durante esta parceria que certamente não acaba por aqui. Aos meus pais, Flávio Coswig (In memoriam), Adalgiza Silveira e Carlos Sica pelo suporte e pelo incentivo a seguir em frente. Aos meus irmãos Caio Sica, Gabriel Coswig, Camila Sica, Rafael Sica, Jennifer Correa e Natália Cavalheiro. Aos demais familiares. Aos meus amigos Márcio Botelho Peixoto, Arthur Hipólito da Silva Neves, Eduardo Patella Traversi Junior, Lincoln Belmonte Bender, Nathan Mabília e Diego Souza pelo apoio incondicional. À minha namorada Francine Darley pela compreensão e parceria. “Obrigado pelo amor diário e por aquele abraço confortante no final de um dia cheio, este não precisa de palavras e faz com que tudo se renove e faça sentido.” Ao Grão Mestre Júlio Frederico Secco e a toda equipe de jiu-jitsu, a qual considero minha segunda família e sem os quais este trabalho não teria sido possível. Muito obrigado, Oss!!! À equipe de Hockey In Line (Pelotas patos). Aos colegas do SESC-RS e da Anhanguera Educacional que foram e são essenciais à minha evolução profissional. A Universidade Estadual de Londrina, especialmente aos professores Solange de Paula Ramos e Fábio Yuzo Nakamura. À banca examinadora. À Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Escola Superior de Educação e Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física pela oportunidade. “Você pode alcançar a imortalidade, Basta fazer apenas uma coisa notável” (Johnnie Walker) Resumo COSWIG, Victor Silveira. Estrutura temporal e respostas biológicas em luta simulada de Mixed Martial Arts (MMA). 2013. 109f. Dissertação (Mestrado). Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física. Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Pelotas. Dentre as diferentes modalidades de combate, o Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) tem crescido rapidamente em âmbito internacional. Caracterizado por incorporar estilos de luta derivados de outras artes marciais, envolve técnicas de agarre em pé, agarre no chão, técnicas de percussão em pé e exige nível de condicionamento físico elevado. De modo frequente, a prática de modalidades esportivas de combate envolve a própria luta como método de treinamento físico e técnico e parece apresentar alta relevância, visto que é frequente o estudo de lutas simuladas em diversas modalidades de combate. Com isto, torna-se relevante o conhecimento das características destas práticas de treinamento, visto que, já foi evidenciado que lutas simuladas apresentam respostas diferenciadas de combates em eventos oficiais. Neste sentido, a relação entre esforço e pausa das lutas tem sido fortemente sugerida como método para prescrição de treinamento, o que aponta a necessidade do conhecimento destas variáveis em lutas simuladas. Adicionalmente, o conhecimento do estresse físico, orgânico e percebido dos atletas, a partir destes estímulos, se torna necessário para melhor adequação do processo de planejamento e organização. Deste modo, a redução dos fatores empíricos de prescrição pode promover maior previsibilidade das adaptações e reduzir os riscos de overtraining, já que esta realidade deve ser fortemente considerada no MMA. Assim, considerando que grande parte do entendimento acerca do MMA é advinda das modalidades que o compõem, torna-se relevante a descrição das demandas orgânicas, físicas e psicométricas originadas especificamente da simulação de lutas de MMA e as relações destes com a temporalidade das lutas, bem como a caracterização dos processos recuperativos de indicadores do dano muscular advindo desta prática. Palavras-chave: Artes Marciais; Fenômenos Fisiológicos Sanguíneos; Desempenho Atlético Abstract COSWIG, Victor Silveira. Time-motion and biological responses to simulated Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) sparring matches. 2014. 109f. Dissertation (Master’s degree in Physical Education)- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física. Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Pelotas 2014. Among the different types of fighting, Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) has grown rapidly in the international scenario. Characterized by incorporating fighting styles derived from other martial arts techniques involves standing grappling, groundwork grappling percussion techniques and require high fitness level. So often, the practice of sports of combat involves his own struggle as a method of physical and technical training and introduce high relevance, since it is often the study of simulated fights in various modes of combat. With this, it becomes relevant knowledge of the characteristics of these training practices, as has been evidenced that simulated fights have differentiated responses of fighting in official events. In this sense, the relationship between effort and pause of the fighting has been strongly suggested as a method for training prescription, what points the need of knowledge of these variables in simulated fights. Additionally, the knowledge of physical stress, organic and noticed the athletes, from these stimuli, it is necessary to better matching of the planning process and organization. Thus, the reduction of empirical factors of prescription can promote greater predictability of adaptations and reduce risks of overtraining, as this reality should be strongly considered in MMA. Thus, whereas much of the understanding of MMA is from the modalities comprising it, becomes relevant to description of organic, physical demands and psychometric originated specifically MMA fights simulation and the relationships of these with the temporality of the fights, as well as the characterization of the recovery processes of muscle damage indicators from this practice. Key-words: Martial Arts; Blood Physiological Phenomena; Athletic Performance Listas de figuras Figura 1. Descrição do delineamento do estudo segundo momentos de coletas e análises......................................................................................................................36 Figura 2. Escala de esforço percebido.......................................................................41 Lista de tabelas e quadros Tabela 1. Variáveis de descrição da temporalidade das lutas de acordo com os rounds........................................................................................................................32 Quadro 1. Principais organizações de MMA na atualidade.......................................17 Quadro 2: Quantificação da relação E:P de lutas de MMA........................................42 SUMÁRIO 1 INTRODUÇÃO........................................................................................................11 1.1 Justificativa.........................................................................................................13 1.2 Objetivos.............................................................................................................14 1.2.1 Objetivo Geral..................................................................................................14 1.2.2 Objetivos Específicos.....................................................................................14 2 REVISÃO DE LITERATURA..................................................................................16 2.1 Características da Modalidade..........................................................................16 2.2 Amostra Sanguínea e Análise Laboratorial.....................................................17 2.2.1 Marcadores Metabólicos................................................................................17 2.2.2 Atividade Enzimática e Dano Muscular.........................................................23 2.2.3 Magnésio..........................................................................................................25 2.2.4 Citocinas Inflamatórias...................................................................................26 2.3 Amostra Salivar, IgA Salivar e Análise Laboratorial.......................................27 2.4 Desempenho em Testes Motores e Dano Muscular........................................29 2.5 Análise de Temporalidade
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