RGB Color Code According to the Commission for the Geological Map of the World (CGMW), Paris, France
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Report of the Meeting of the Kimmeridgian Working Group
Volumina Jurassica, 2015, Xiii (2): 153–158 Report of the Meeting of the Kimmeridgian Working Group Andrzej WIERZBOWSKI1 Convenor of the Kimmeridgian W.G. The Kimmeridgian Working Group Meeting organized under auspices of the International Subcomission on Ju- rassic Stratigraphy took place in Poland between 18 and 21 May 2015 at the Polish Geological Institute – National Research Institute in Warsaw, with a one and a half day excursion to the Jurassic outcrops in the Wieluń Upland (Polish Jura). It was arranged to discuss new advances in recognition of a unique base of the Kimmeridgian Stage, the Oxfordian/Kimmeridgian boundary since 2006 when the first proposal for the GSSP was made (see Wierzbowski et al., 2006). Fifteen researchers were present, mainly members of the Kimmeridgian Working Group: C. D’Arpa (Geological Museum, University of Palermo), M. Barski (Geological Faculty, University of Warsaw), E. Głowniak (Geological Faculty, University of Warsaw), J. Grabowski (Polish Geological Institute – NRI), S. Hesselbo (University of Exeter, chairmen of ISJS), M. Hodbod (Polish Geological Institute – NRI), B. Matyja (Geological Faculty, University of War- saw), A. Mironenko (Russia), N. Morton (former ISJS chairman, France), M. Rogov (Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow), G. Schweigert (Staatliches Museum, Stuttgart), J. Smoleń (Polish Geological Institute – NRI), K. Sobień (Polish Geological Institute – NRI), A. Wierzbowski (Polish Geological Institute – NRI), H. Wierz bowski (Polish Geological Institute – NRI), J. Wright (Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London). Twelve presentations were given (including two posters). These included several aspects of the Oxfordian/ Kimmeridgian boundary such as ammonite biostratigraphy, dinoflagellate cyst biostratigraphy, magnetostratigraphy, geochemistry (both carbon and oxygen records as well as other geochemical data along with geochemical studies which enable the recognition of the paleoenvironmental changes in the succession). -
Explicit Image Detection Using Ycbcr Space Color Model As Skin Detection
Applications of Mathematics and Computer Engineering Explicit Image Detection using YCbCr Space Color Model as Skin Detection JORGE ALBERTO MARCIAL BASILIO1, GUALBERTO AGUILAR TORRES2, GABRIEL SÁNCHEZ PÉREZ3, L. KARINA TOSCANO MEDINA4, HÉCTOR M. PÉREZ MEANA5 Sección de Estudios de Posgrados e Investigación 1Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica Unidad Culhuacan Santa Ana #1000 Col. San Francisco Culhuacan, Del. Coyoacán C.P. 04430 MEXICO CITY [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract: - In this paper a novel way to detect explicit content images is proposed using the YCbCr space color, moreover the color pixels percentage that are within the image is calculated which are susceptible to be a tone skin. The main goal to use this method is to apply to forensic analysis or pornographic images detection on storage devices such as hard disk, USB memories, etc. The results obtained using the proposed method are compared with Paraben’s Porn Detection Stick software which is one of the most commercial devices used for detecting pornographic images. The proposed algorithm achieved identify up to 88.8% of the explicit content images, and 5% of false positives, the Paraben’s Porn Detection Stick software achieved 89.7% of effectiveness for the same set of images but with a 6.8% of false positives. In both cases were used a set of 1000 images, 550 natural images, and 450 with highly explicit content. Finally the proposed algorithm effectiveness shows that the methodology applied to explicit image detection was successfully proved vs Paraben’s Porn Detection Stick software. -
Computational RYB Color Model and Its Applications
IIEEJ Transactions on Image Electronics and Visual Computing Vol.5 No.2 （2017） -- Special Issue on Application-Based Image Processing Technologies -- Computational RYB Color Model and its Applications Junichi SUGITA† (Member), Tokiichiro TAKAHASHI†† (Member) †Tokyo Healthcare University, ††Tokyo Denki University/UEI Research <Summary> The red-yellow-blue (RYB) color model is a subtractive model based on pigment color mixing and is widely used in art education. In the RYB color model, red, yellow, and blue are defined as the primary colors. In this study, we apply this model to computers by formulating a conversion between the red-green-blue (RGB) and RYB color spaces. In addition, we present a class of compositing methods in the RYB color space. Moreover, we prescribe the appropriate uses of these compo- siting methods in different situations. By using RYB color compositing, paint-like compositing can be easily achieved. We also verified the effectiveness of our proposed method by using several experiments and demonstrated its application on the basis of RYB color compositing. Keywords: RYB, RGB, CMY(K), color model, color space, color compositing man perception system and computer displays, most com- 1. Introduction puter applications use the red-green-blue (RGB) color mod- Most people have had the experience of creating an arbi- el3); however, this model is not comprehensible for many trary color by mixing different color pigments on a palette or people who not trained in the RGB color model because of a canvas. The red-yellow-blue (RYB) color model proposed its use of additive color mixing. As shown in Fig. -
Tnemec Colorbook
COLORBOOK WHITES 00WH Tnemec White � 06WH Albatross � 07WH Winter Mist � 08WH Acropolis � LRV 84% LRV 82% LRV 80% LRV 72% 01WH Ash White � 02WH Iceberg � 03WH Daisy � 04WH Silver Pearl � LRV 84% LRV 84% LRV 75% LRV 76% 12WH Milkweed � 13WH French Vanilla � 14WH Veiled � 15WH Aspen � LRV 78% LRV 73% LRV 78% LRV 72% 15BR Pale � 22BR Nova � 57BR Cloud � 79BR Colliseum � LRV 83% LRV 81% LRV 75% LRV 67% NOTE: Colors represented are digital reproductions of actual standards and will vary in appearance due to differences in monitor and video card output. These digital representations should not be used to finalize color selection(s). Please contact your local Tnemec Coatings Consultant for color-accurate samples or for assistance with suitable primer and finish coat selections and color matching. LRV = Light Reflectance Value � Standard color and gloss warranty is available in this color for Fluoronar and HydroFlon products. Other colors may be included. Contact your Tnemec representative for more information. GRAYS 30GR Comet � 24GR Lightpole � 43GR Constellation � 37GR Gradation � LRV 75% LRV 62% LRV 71% LRV 65% 25GR Grey Day � 31GR Slate Gray � 57GR Aluminum � 38GR Dove Gray � LRV 46% LRV 61% LRV 46% LRV 58% 33GR Gray – ANSI No. 61 � 32GR Light Gray – ANSI No. 70 � 46GR Sinker � 39GR Pigeon � LRV 33% LRV 44% LRV 26% LRV 42% 35GR Black � 34GR Deep Space � 48GR Moon Shadow � 41GR Hammerhead � LRV 4% LRV 12% LRV 10% LRV 17% NOTE: Colors represented are digital reproductions of actual standards and will vary in appearance due to differences in monitor and video card output. -
Facies, Phosphate, and Fossil Preservation Potential Across a Lower Cambrian Carbonate Shelf, Arrowie Basin, South Australia
Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 533 (2019) 109200 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/palaeo Facies, phosphate, and fossil preservation potential across a Lower Cambrian T carbonate shelf, Arrowie Basin, South Australia ⁎ Sarah M. Jacqueta,b, , Marissa J. Bettsc,d, John Warren Huntleya, Glenn A. Brockb,d a Department of Geological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA b Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia c Palaeoscience Research Centre, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia d Early Life Institute and Department of Geology, State Key Laboratory for Continental Dynamics, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: The efects of sedimentological, depositional and taphonomic processes on preservation potential of Cambrian Microfacies small shelly fossils (SSF) have important implications for their utility in biostratigraphy and high-resolution Calcareous correlation. To investigate the efects of these processes on fossil occurrence, detailed microfacies analysis, Organophosphatic biostratigraphic data, and multivariate analyses are integrated from an exemplar stratigraphic section Taphonomy intersecting a suite of lower Cambrian carbonate palaeoenvironments in the northern Flinders Ranges, South Biominerals Australia. The succession deepens upsection, across a low-gradient shallow-marine shelf. Six depositional Facies Hardgrounds Sequences are identifed ranging from protected (FS1) and open (FS2) shelf/lagoonal systems, high-energy inner ramp shoal complex (FS3), mid-shelf (FS4), mid- to outer-shelf (FS5) and outer-shelf (FS6) environments. Non-metric multi-dimensional scaling ordination and two-way cluster analysis reveal an underlying bathymetric gradient as the main control on the distribution of SSFs. -
The Giant Pliosaurid That Wasn't—Revising the Marine Reptiles From
The giant pliosaurid that wasn’t—revising the marine reptiles from the Kimmeridgian, Upper Jurassic, of Krzyżanowice, Poland DANIEL MADZIA, TOMASZ SZCZYGIELSKI, and ANDRZEJ S. WOLNIEWICZ Madzia, D., Szczygielski, T., and Wolniewicz, A.S. 2021. The giant pliosaurid that wasn’t—revising the marine reptiles from the Kimmeridgian, Upper Jurassic, of Krzyżanowice, Poland. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 66 (1): 99–129. Marine reptiles from the Upper Jurassic of Central Europe are rare and often fragmentary, which hinders their precise taxonomic identification and their placement in a palaeobiogeographic context. Recent fieldwork in the Kimmeridgian of Krzyżanowice, Poland, a locality known from turtle remains originally discovered in the 1960s, has reportedly provided additional fossils thought to indicate the presence of a more diverse marine reptile assemblage, including giant pliosaurids, plesiosauroids, and thalattosuchians. Based on its taxonomic composition, the marine tetrapod fauna from Krzyżanowice was argued to represent part of the “Matyja-Wierzbowski Line”—a newly proposed palaeobiogeographic belt comprising faunal components transitional between those of the Boreal and Mediterranean marine provinces. Here, we provide a de- tailed re-description of the marine reptile material from Krzyżanowice and reassess its taxonomy. The turtle remains are proposed to represent a “plesiochelyid” thalassochelydian (Craspedochelys? sp.) and the plesiosauroid vertebral centrum likely belongs to a cryptoclidid. However, qualitative assessment and quantitative analysis of the jaws originally referred to the colossal pliosaurid Pliosaurus clearly demonstrate a metriorhynchid thalattosuchian affinity. Furthermore, these me- triorhynchid jaws were likely found at a different, currently indeterminate, locality. A tooth crown previously identified as belonging to the thalattosuchian Machimosaurus is here considered to represent an indeterminate vertebrate. -
Kimmeridgian (Late Jurassic) Cold-Water Idoceratids (Ammonoidea) from Southern Coahuila, Northeastern Mexico, Associated with Boreal Bivalves and Belemnites
REVISTA MEXICANA DE CIENCIAS GEOLÓGICAS Kimmeridgian cold-water idoceratids associated with Boreal bivalvesv. 32, núm. and 1, 2015, belemnites p. 11-20 Kimmeridgian (Late Jurassic) cold-water idoceratids (Ammonoidea) from southern Coahuila, northeastern Mexico, associated with Boreal bivalves and belemnites Patrick Zell* and Wolfgang Stinnesbeck Institute for Earth Sciences, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. *[email protected] ABSTRACT et al., 2001; Chumakov et al., 2014) was followed by a cool period during the late Oxfordian-early Kimmeridgian (e.g., Jenkyns et al., Here we present two early Kimmeridgian faunal assemblages 2002; Weissert and Erba, 2004) and a long-term gradual warming composed of the ammonite Idoceras (Idoceras pinonense n. sp. and trend towards the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary (e.g., Abbink et al., I. inflatum Burckhardt, 1906), Boreal belemnites Cylindroteuthis 2001; Lécuyer et al., 2003; Gröcke et al., 2003; Zakharov et al., 2014). cuspidata Sachs and Nalnjaeva, 1964 and Cylindroteuthis ex. gr. Palynological data suggest that the latest Jurassic was also marked by jacutica Sachs and Nalnjaeva, 1964, as well as the Boreal bivalve Buchia significant fluctuations in paleotemperature and climate (e.g., Abbink concentrica (J. de C. Sowerby, 1827). The assemblages were discovered et al., 2001). in inner- to outer shelf sediments of the lower La Casita Formation Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous marine associations contain- at Puerto Piñones, southern Coahuila, and suggest that some taxa of ing both Tethyan and Boreal elements [e.g. ammonites, belemnites Idoceras inhabited cold-water environments. (Cylindroteuthis) and bivalves (Buchia)], were described from numer- ous localities of the Western Cordillera belt from Alaska to California Key words: La Casita Formation, Kimmeridgian, idoceratid ammonites, (e.g., Jeletzky, 1965), while Boreal (Buchia) and even southern high Boreal bivalves, Boreal belemnites. -
Quantitative Comparison of Geological Data and Model Simulations
Quantitative comparison of geological data and model simulations constrains early Cambrian geography and climate Thomas Wong Hearing, Alexandre Pohl, Mark Williams, Yannick Donnadieu, Thomas Harvey, Christopher Scotese, Pierre Sepulchre, Alain Franc, Thijs Vandenbroucke To cite this version: Thomas Wong Hearing, Alexandre Pohl, Mark Williams, Yannick Donnadieu, Thomas Harvey, et al.. Quantitative comparison of geological data and model simulations constrains early Cambrian geography and climate. Nature Communications, Nature Publishing Group, 2021, 12, pp.3868. 10.1038/s41467-021-24141-5. hal-03273912 HAL Id: hal-03273912 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03273912 Submitted on 29 Jun 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24141-5 OPEN Quantitative comparison of geological data and model simulations constrains early Cambrian geography and climate ✉ ✉ ✉ Thomas W. Wong Hearing 1,2 , Alexandre Pohl3,4 , Mark Williams 2 , Yannick Donnadieu 5, Thomas H. P. Harvey2, Christopher R. Scotese6, Pierre Sepulchre 7, Alain Franc 8,9 & Thijs R. A. Vandenbroucke 1 1234567890():,; Marine ecosystems with a diverse range of animal groups became established during the early Cambrian (~541 to ~509 Ma). However, Earth’s environmental parameters and palaeogeography in this interval of major macro-evolutionary change remain poorly con- strained. -
The Bajocian-Kimmeridgian Ammonite Fauna of the Dalichai Formation in the Se Binalud Mountains, Iran
Informes del Insitituto de Reports of the Instituto de Fisiografía y Geología Fisiografía y Geología Volumen 1 Volume 1 (2014) (2014) THE BAJOCIAN-KIMMERIDGIAN AMMONITE FAUNA OF THE DALICHAI FORMATION IN THE SE BINALUD MOUNTAINS, IRAN Horacio Parent, Rosario Ahmad Raoufian, Mashhad Kazem Seyed-Emami, Tehran Ali Reza Ashouri, Mashhad Mahmoud Reza Majidifard, Tehran Rosario, Septiembre 2014 Informes del Insitituto de Fisiografía y Geología, Volumen 1 (2014) - Bajocian-Kimmeridgian ammonites, Binalud Mountains (Iran) THE BAJOCIAN-KIMMERIDGIAN AMMONITE FAUNA OF THE DALICHAI FORMATION IN THE SE BINALUD MOUNTAINS, IRAN Horacio Parent, Ahmad Raoufian, Kazem Seyed-Emami, Ali Reza Ashouri, Mahmoud Reza Majidifard Horacio Parent La fauna de amonites del intervalo Bayociano-Kimmeridgiano (Jurásico Medio-Superior) de la Formación [[email protected]]: Dalichai en el sudeste de la Cordillera Binalud, Irán. Laboratorio de Paleontología, IFG, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Resumen: La Cordillera Binalud en el al noroeste de Irán es considerada la extensión oriental de la Cordillera Nacional de Rosario, Pellegrini 250, Alborz. La sucesión jurásica y la fauna de amonites de tres secciones seleccionadas (Dahaneh-Heydari, Bojnow 2000 Rosario, Argentina. and Baghi) de la Formación Dalichai fueron muestreadas capa por capa con fines sedimentológicos y Ahmad Raoufian paleontológicos. La fauna de amonites es abundante y representa el intervalo Bayociano Superior-Oxfordiano [[email protected]] Superior en la sección Baghi, pero solamente Oxfordiano Superior-Kimmeridgiano Inferior en las secciones Department of Geology, Faculty Dahaneh-Heydari y Bojnow. of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Palabras clave: Cordillera Binalud, Formación Dalichai, Bayociano-Kimmeridgiano, Baghi, Dahaneh- Heydari,. Bojnow. Kazem Seyed-Emami School of Mining Engineering, University College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. -
Upper Bajocian– Callovian) of the Polish Jura Chain and Holy Cross Mountains (South-Central Poland)
1661-8726/07/010153-12 Swiss j. geosci. 100 (2007) 153–164 DOI 10.1007/s00015-007-1207-3 Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel, 2007 A diverse crinoid fauna from the Middle Jurassic (Upper Bajocian– Callovian) of the Polish Jura Chain and Holy Cross Mountains (south-central Poland) MARIUSZ A. SALAMON*& MICHA¸ ZATO¡ Key words: crinoids, Middle Jurassic, Poland, palaeobiogeography, taphonomy, epibiontism ABSTRACT ZUSAMMENFASSUNG A systematic account of a diverse crinoid fauna from the Middle Jurassic Aus mitteljurassischen (Bajocian–Callovian) Sedimenten des südlichen (Upper Bajocian–Callovian) of the Polish Jura Chain and Holy Cross Moun- Zentralpolens (Krakow–Cz´stochowa Hochland und Heilig-Kreuz Gebirge) tains (south-central Poland) is presented. The description is supplemented wird eine diverse Crinoidenfauna systematisch beschrieben und stratigra- with a list of all crinoid species found hitherto in the Tatra Mountains and the phisch eingestuft. Die Beschreibung wird durch eine Zusammenstellung sämt- Pieniny Klippen Belt (Poland), which were a part of the northern margin of licher Crinoiden-Spezies ergänzt, die bislang im Tatra-Gebirge und im Pieniny the Tethys during Middle Jurassic time. Balanocrinus hessi seems to be en- Klippen-Gürtel gefunden wurden. Beide Regionen waren während des Mitt- demic and established its own population in the epicontinental sea. Other leren Jura Teil des Nordrandes der Tethys. Balanocrinus hessi bildete eigen- stalked crinoids entered from the Tethys through the East-Carpathian Gate or ständige Populationen in diesem epikontinentalen Meeresbereich und scheint from a westerly way, and constitute a typical Mediterranean fauna. Stemless endemisch gewesen zu sein. Andere gestielte Crinoiden drangen aus der forms are regarded to be unsuccessful immigrants. -
Kelvin Color Temperature
KELVIN COLOR TEMPERATURE William Thompson Kelvin was a 19th century physicist and mathematician who invented a temperature scale that had absolute zero as its low endpoint. In physics, absolute zero is a very cold temperature, the coldest possible, at which no heat exists and kinetic energy (movement) ceases. On the Celsius scale absolute zero is -273 degrees, and on the Fahrenheit scale it is -459 degrees. The Kelvin temperature scale is often used for scientific measurements. Kelvins, as the degrees are now called, are derived from the actual temperature of a black body radiator, which means a black material heated to that temperature. An incandescent filament is very dark, and approaches being a black body radiator, so the actual temperature of an incandescent filament is somewhat close to its color temperature in Kelvins. The color temperature of a lamp is very important in the television industry where the camera must be calibrated for white balance. This is often done by focusing the camera on a white card in the available lighting and tweaking it so that the card reads as true white. All other colors will automatically adjust so that they read properly. This is especially important to reproduce “normal” looking skin tones. In theatre applications, where it is only important for colors to read properly to the human eye, the exact color temperature of lamps is not so important. Incandescent lamps tend to have a color temperature around 3200 K, but this is true only if they are operating with full voltage. Remember that dimmers work by varying the voltage pressure supplied to the lamp. -
Pliensbachian Nannofossils from Kachchh: Implications on the Earliest Jurassic Transgressive Event on the Western Indian Margin
53 he A Rei Series A/ Zitteliana An International Journal of Palaeontology and Geobiology Series A /Reihe A Mitteilungen der Bayerischen Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie 53 An International Journal of Palaeontology and Geobiology München 2013 Zitteliana Zitteliana A 53 (2013) 105 Pliensbachian nannofossils from Kachchh: Implications on the earliest Jurassic transgressive event on the western Indian margin Jyotsana Rai1 & Sreepat Jain2* Zitteliana A 53, 105 – 120 1Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, 53 University Road, 226007, Lucknow, India München, 31.12.2013 2DG–2, Flat no. 52D, SFS Flats, Vikas Puri, New Delhi, 110018, India Manuscript received *Author for correspondence and reprint requests: E-mail: [email protected] 05.04.2013; revision accepted 16.11.2013 ISSN 1612 - 412X Abstract The oldest rocks within the Kachchh Basin belong to the sediments of Kaladongar Formation exposed in Kuar Bet, Pachchham Island (western India). The Formation’s lowest unit, the Dingi Hill Member has yielded a moderately diversified calcareous nannofossil assembla- ge that includes the marker species of Lotharingius contractus and Triscutum sullivanii of late Early Aalenian age associated with reworked species of Biscutum finchii, Bussonius prinsii, Crucirhabdus primulus, Crepidolithus pliensbachensis, Discorhabdus criotus and D. striatus suggesting an age spanning NJ4a to NJ7 Zones (Early Pliensbachian, Tethyan ammonite Jamesoni Zone to Middle Toarcian, Variabilis Zone). Additionally, samples from four other Kachchh domal localities (Kachchh Mainland: Jara, Jumara and Habo and the Island belt, Waagad) have also yielded reworked Pliensbachian-Toarcian age (~183 Ma) nannotaxa viz. Crepidolithus granulatus, Diductius constans, Mazaganella protensa, Mitrolithus elegans, Parhabdolithus liasicus, Similiscutum orbiculus, and Triscutum tiziense. This nannotaxa age is much earlier than the ammonite-based Earliest Bajocian date (~171.6 Ma) based on the presence of ammonite Calliphylloceras hetero- phylloides (Oppel).