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North Maharashtra University, "Jalgaon

,Syllabus for i

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..~ ~j I • I w.e_f fune,2002 ' I 1 I,

._---~ , ':~l.. ' -A "NAACACCREDITEDFOURSTAR " NORTHMAFWlASHTRA UNIYHRSITY,IALGAON

,~_:,:'; ~I'A~Ur.TYOF ARTS&.HNEARTS. "J __ __'' SYIlilbu.s fm M.A. English- - -, - ,,'",,';- :;;i'-Z::t~\F~-(From: June 200:~) ", ',I" '1( ,_,C,, ~ ,;',",;t-" (NEWC,OURSB),::" , .NOTBS: -

l)TI~Courses givoirl'.hlI this Pamphlet.shall beoffere(l by such ~tudenls, who will be joining the M.A. English Cour,se during'the' Amdemic year 20)2-03,2003-04, and 2004-05 fot PART-I; and Z(X},34)4,2004-05;, _ aridt.,'2005-06"....fur PART~ n. , ""- , ' 2(a) FTeSh admission can be grimted-to the M.A. &glis.~ PART-I only; Le., no student t:IIIIjoin the , M:A.PART~IIwit:l!out romp1el;ing the M.A. (Englis~) Part-I~ where two parts are separarely -~ , "conducted on' granl basis."/ ::";>':'~'..'; :,.": _,F, "" ;., ,,' - .-/-' ,-(.()i::iY':Z(b)'I'hEi'students: may be _'~dmiili!d-'tO:,fif&ti:1 se<:ond 'part o{M. A. Englliih as peT its .'Y:,: availability;" when!,lwo pflrts--llrecom~ite' .and ruUOn"non-grant basis._ - - .'-....,.,~. -", .::..<-,'-" '. -', ' ," ." /,', ';.. - ~>,-'3) Eligibility for -,~ission;i Holde!"of B,A., Degree ..nth Special English, ,B.A. Honoun; in ;english, or B.A. ,w~th Englisht:,mnpulsory.', ,;";,' ,;' ' :;';,-rt-;'J.,' I ~ ,,-~ •. _', '1',_ - t, , '4) Duration of the COurse; Two Years.- .• '~.,. "",', '", ,k', ',.:::-;,~ " -----''';.,.K,..< 5) _.'::Division Of the coUrses into M.A~ Part-I and n:-,_~ , U,'c.e;i.:;.,;f,!",-,', ;:::":;' -,-S< .• ~: )..:; ,<'~'~1:-;>,'.'c' >~:~;~'"'.:',: , ~'4'..".<'-""<" ;'al' . . 'ENTmE ENGLISH';'''(EtghtCOurseS)'

"':M.A:i.At-I"h"';-:\;,:,; "'''L. ,C,- :'" ',: '" ':'--' '-/~,;,';',,,~'.' .,("".,,-, " "i\'EN'G cf oNIf!-\ ;,,,;;-'" ...ct. ,c;'i-'1!NG cc TWO;-"">';'/'. ~V;,.,' , ENG CC THREE- ,~-~'l",: ' ":T"" ;; ,"-- ': " ' :" " 'r',t"Am ONE of the fulkiwing first five 'opETative 0ptivriiiI COUTSeS: ENG OC FIF1Y; ,OR ENG DC FIFI'Y -ONE; OR ENG OC FIFIY TWO; OR ENG ex: FIFf"'{ THREE; OR ,'ENG OC FIFf"'{FOUR; OR,. -. -,,~<.,:.. ';~ "',' ,. ;." ',:',~C_::' i~ ,__.,'c\i{t',!':S'~"~..f':,, -",: ' .,,' , '" ;"",;! (Non-Qperative Twenty .c0UTSell]ENG ex: FIFTY FIVE; OR ENG OC FIFf"'{ SIX; OR .,,{;,~,>"'; ENG OCJIF1YSEVEN; OR ENG OC FIFTY ErGHI' OR FIFTY ErGHI' (b), OR FIFTY j EIGHI' (c), OR FIFTY mGHT (d); OR FD'IY NINE (ai) OR (aii) OR (aiii); OR FIFTY ,NINE (biYOR (bii) OR/(biii); OR FIFI'Y NINE (0) OR (cii) OR (ciii); OR FIFTY NINE ", ,'(di) OR (dii) OR (dill) OR (div);OR ENG 0:SIXTY.' . "~"".':.' .," -'': "",'-:"$ ,-,::.-','", " ~':;,'f.',.,: ""ff-,',","'-:' o ,M:A~PART:iJ: '~-'j..':;::"'~, .cst'" ' --f .• , .:~: "",;1>:'-"";''' ,. -V): ENG CC FOUR; VI) --i',"\ ENGCCFIVE;';" ,i." .; "'v,, ""vm i ENG CC SIX; ,. YJlIl, Any O~N:E.of the.~g first five oper~tive optional courses:

ENG' ce' 5I!VEN'I"i; OR ENG OC SEVENlY ONE; OR ENG OC SEVENTY TWO ; OR ENG odS:EVEN'IYtTHREE ; OR ENG ex: ,SEVEN1YFOUR;OR (Non-operative I Twenty COUTSeS.]OR ENG ce SEVENTI~FIVE; OR ENG ex: SEVENTY SIX; OR I ENG OC.sEVENlYSEVEN; OR ENG ex:!iEVEN1Y EIGHT (a) OR (b) OR (c)' OR (d); i OR ENG OC SEVENTY NINE {IllI OR (aii) OR (aiil) ; OR ENG ex: SEVENTY NINE I {bi)'OR (bi1) OR (biii)) OR ENG OC SEVENTY NINE (ti) OR (cii) OR (cilil; OR ENG l ex: 57 N!NE,(di) OR (dii) OR~) OR (div) OR ENG OC EIGHTY.

b)1 'rRINbrAL ENbtSii :'jsixcOUJ&esj+(T~~~Ub-e~ses)

pIART: i- (i):;~~~2t~;(~~'~Gct~o,h~'I~G'ceTHREE (Ca Couni~) (iv) Any ONE :..:. (, ,_'" ,< (S1.:13qRDIN~TE COt;JRSB OF ~Tathi/. Hindi / Urdu / Ardhatnagadhi / Pall / , sansknt /Persian / ATabicl.French /GelDlJln . . , " I \ -- , ' , ,-,' ,," l'AR'ri n (v) ENG CCFOUR;,(viL~~G}:;~,FlVE;(vil) ENGCC SIX; (viii) Any ONE , SUBORDINATE COURSE (as offered in the PART; I) of Marathi /Hindi /UTdu/ i 'Ardh!imagadbi/PalijSanskrit/Persian/ .•••rabic/French/Gennan "c;/ I '- ',,'-'~ ..' . .."~~;. '. :;" ------_. --

., (e) Subordinate English (TwlfCourses) +(SixPrJncl]la.1 Courses.) - • PART : I Ii) ENG CC ONE (ONE COURSE) iIII~.~HREECOURSES inthe Principal Subject of Marathi {Hindi jUrd,fFSftMkrlt.,'r.:"- PART: D: (v) ENG CC SIX (ONE COL"RSB) and THREE COURSFS (as offered in the PART: I) in the Principal5il.bject oIMlIiathifHimlifUrdu/Sanskrit.

6. Titles: lhe Tit1ellof IIU the Cou~ along ",ith their Code-hlumbenlsre given below:-

-:- Core Coursn:

PART I (M.A. Er!gli8h): ENG CC ONE - Study of Language: Theory &. Practice (80+20) ENG CC lWO - Engfu:h Dl"iuna (1550-2.XlO) (lOll) ENG CC THREE-English Utera!y Studi.'11 (100) PART n (M.A. EngliBh): ENG CC FOUR - Modem Literary Theories. "00) ENG CC FIVE. Fnglish Fic:tiOn(1700-2000) "00) ENG CC SIX - English Poetry (135O-2l,lOil) (80+20) .,. Optional CourSi'!l : Initially t1lO'first Five optional Courses will be the operative options. The other ~. Opt:lonal Courses will be offered by the PC Centres after the due approval of their U courses by the Board oiStudies, Arts Fa.:'Ultyand Academic Council in due course. -

PAllT: I: Any om of the following five Oper;Itive Optional Courses: ENG ex: FIFIY - Amerkan Literature (HIQl).l945) ENG DC FIFIY ONE -African, Asian iWd Caribbean English Literature. ENG ex: FIFIY-TWO -A stylistic Int::rOOuctionto Uterature (Poetry &Prolle) ENG ex: FIFrY UnUlE-Indian Writing In &glish- I - ENG ex: FIITYFOUR- Comparative Uterature (Thematology)

PART :0 : Any One of the following five 0pl'lative Optional Cours •••: (e.g. Student!; offering ex: Fifty - A1nelican Uterature r at M A part -1 may offer ex: Seventy Three -,Indian Writing i1\ English ~ IT or they may retain the ex: Seventy - American Uterature'" n at M A Part n as per their own choice.)

ENG ex: SEVENTY - American Literature (194-5-200) ENG ex: SEVENlY-QNE-Canadian, Australian and New Zealand Eng Lirerature ~ ENG ex: SEVENTY-lWO-AStyIi:>t:k InJroductioJl to Literature (Drama & Novel) .J ENG ex: SEVEr,lTY.TJIREE.Indian Writing In Engli:>h-II ENG ex: SEVENTY-FOUR- Comparative Uterllture (Genealogy)

OPTIONAL COURSES TO BE INTRODUCED IN HUE COURSE OF TIME;

M.A. Ilnpillh PART: I

• ENG ex: FIFIY.FIVE -Advan<:edModem Linguistic:d ~ 1 a) Elizabethan Period (1558-1610) - I OR ' b) ROIIlantk Period (1798-1832)- I OR - c) Victt;rian Period (1832-1914)- I OR 'd) Modem Per/

• ENG ex:SIXTY - Trlm8latfun: 1heory & Practice: 1. itC'--~:,,"--:,,-:.,..,:,:r'---"i;,:""-,;~-:-'--""';;_;,,;;J•.~•••••Ii.i:'l:1:fr' :.------.,...----~. t, ,

'\"'"",:".' , I: • M.A. l!NGUSH PART :D f :~ • ENG DC 5EVEN'I'YFIvE: ',: Advanced Modem Linguistics-II. t ENG ex: SEVENTYSIX ,,' .:,POllt-ColonialLitemtLlfeIn English II • ENG OC sEvENtY SEVEN: World Ufe111ture-II. ~ • • ENG ex: SEVENTYEIGHT ~A special Period-II. j a) E1izabet:hahPeriod (1558-1610}-IIOR (b) Romantic Period (l798-1832)-II OR (c) -VictOrianPeriod (1832-1914)-II OR (d) Modem Period (1914--1%0)-11. • 'ENG ex:: SEVENTYNINE: A Special Author-IT. ]. . I (al)Shakespeare: II OR, (ail)Spenser: II OR, (alii)Sidney-II OR (hi) WOrdIlWOrth:II OR (bii) Keats: II OR, (biil)Sir WalteT&ott: II OR (d) Tennysoti: II OR, (eti)Matthew Amold: II OR, (!.iii)Thomas Hardy: II OR, (di).D.H. laWrence: II OR,.(dii) Virginia Wcolf: II, OR (dill) Willialn Golding: II OR, (div) Sani.uelBeckett IT._ ' i • ENG ex: EIGHTY:TriU.\8latiooTheory & Practke-ll i ,. System of EUminati~ - a) .All Post-Grll:duate Courses'til Eftglish will ha'!e an Annual Exawination of Total 800 marks; Le.,100marks for each of the Courses. However, the TWO ciire papers, viz 'ENG CC ONE (for M.A. English Part -I) and ENG CC SIX (W'r M.A. English Part -II) will have two components for each of the two as sl,1,ownbelow: ,:. ' .:- Writte» Testof.'80 matkS,and Oral Test ol20naIb. The candidate's flrst.hand acqullint:ane'ewith lhe content of the Coutse as well as his .cbmm~ativ~; ability will be tested in ~e 01'111. It will be conducted at convenient centres In the presence of duly appointed Intl'mal and Extemal Examiners as per the Time-Table fixed by the University. , " b) In addition to !'the Annual Unive~ity EXiIJl1inltionthe Ter1ll-End-Test on the Portion covered, is to be condnctedby every PG Cenl:r<'in the CoUeges or 1)(opartmentj Sc:hool of English Lan8nage & literature in the North 1IIaharashtra University.

It will be obligatory for every student to appear for and to show satisfactory performance in the,Said Test. The concerned Teachets in the '::Ollegesj Department I School will look . afulr theimtooth conductiOn of this Test in each paper. • ,. . , '. , ,. Number of Teaching, How:s: Per COUTSe179.02hni. I. " (a) 6,4 houn> a week for 28 weeks spread over one Academic year. Unly-November &. Dec. April] . . (b) 3M. Minutes ''per week shall be utlllr.ed for lectures per paper: le. 08 lectures of 4.8 mmutes per PaperjCo'nrse perweek;

9. Course DeaO'iption:~ The pages that follow, contain the detailed C01rrse Description with (A) Objectives,

(8) Prescribed TextSj (C) Teaching Plan. and .Teachulg Strategies, (0) Bibliography, (E) The Question-paper format, (F) a salllple Question Papi'r for each of the Core Courses, and the Operative Optional Courses (to be circulated latter). ' IN.B.IIt was resolved ill ~ Meeting of the aOs. in Engli~h held on 220d September 2001 , that this Syllabus for M.A. Eriglish (part I &D) in its final forn\ shall be published in a booklet form fur the use of th~ Teachers and fr.e Students, after seeking due per1llission of the Hon'bIe Vice Chancellor, North ~a1W'al'IhtraUniversity, JaIgaon.

l M,A. English Syllabus: RART~I

ENG cc aNi!: Studyof Lan~ge: Theory and Practice

, . ,. . ' IA) Objectives: This Course is offered In order- 1) To familiarise !:hestUdentli'with the lIIajorareas in the study of the nature of language. To equip the s)Udentll"!,,iththe knowledge of the Lexicaland grammatical forms. ') To enable the student,; to lea", the basic principles of English Pronunciation. ') 4) To help the student'> toimprove their spoken slill:>., 5) To enable the !ltuden':!>to leam the variatiom in language in use. 6) To introduce irtudents to the various approac:t1es,methods and techniques of teaching English Language. . .. .

:,', '" --~-_. ., 7) To introduce students to relevantcanceptsin applied Linguisticswith specill1referenceto secondl fareign Langnage-teadting. ~ 8) Ta male students aWaTl!af the history afEnl:lish studies in India, the current situationl'lf Englishstudies as well as af future developmenlllin the field. ~

(B) TOPICSPRESCRIBED: - SECTION ONE

Il) Language - Orientation.,;. (i) Thwry af Communication; (ii) Mallei af Communication; (ill) Modes af Communication; (ill) Animal Communication;(v) Propertiesaf Language; (vi)Levels af LinguisticAnalysis; (vii)Functionsof Language.

b) Introduction to LinguisticSciences..:...i)Psycholi.nguistics;ii) Sociolinguistics;

c) LanguageVariation:

i) Parameters af Variation - Time, Region, User, Attitude, Field af Discourse, and other parameters. 0) Dialect,standard, Sub1ltandard,Idiolect&. related terms. iii) Style; Intimate, Infull1\al,Farmal,.Neutral,.Frozen (Attitudinal Variations) iv) RegXmatVarietiesaf English; MoUnFeaturesaf- (va)BritishR.P.(vb)AmericanEnglish(vc)Indian English. d) EnglishGTlllllUIIlT. ;..J- i) NatioI1llofPTescriptive&. DescriptiveGr,unmar. ii) Grammar and Grammll1ll ;Introduction to Structural Grammar, Functional GTllmmar,CaseGrammar etc.

- SECTION TWO -

e) TeachingEnglishas a second Language I) The Nature ofLanguage-1eamingand Telching. ti) Englishin India: Ob~ and Teachinl~-LearningStrategies. iii) Curriculum Design of Englishat the Under-graduate level.

f) Teachingthe EnglishLanguage: Skills&: Systems. i) The Language.lessonplan. ti) TeachingEnglishPronunciation. ili) TeachingEnglishSpelling. iv) TeachingWard.FoT1I\ationin English. v) TeachingVocabulary vi} TeachingGrammar vii) TeachingSkillaf Listening viii} TeachingReadingComprehension. ix) TeachingClose-Reading x) Teachingspeed- reading. xi) TeachingWritingSkill6. xii) TeachingComposition. xiii) Useaf Audio-VisualAielsin LanguageTeaching. xiv) Language-Testing.

q TEACHING STRATEGIES.,;. lecturing. Group Discussion,Prablem-Solving.Home-assignments,Paper-presentation, Quiz, and Tutorials.

DJ BIBLIOGRAPHY; i. Akmajian, Adrian, et aI. Linguistics; An Intraduction to Language and communication.New Delhi;PTentice-HpUoflndia; 1996. iL Bohingec,Dwight Aspectsof Language,New York,.Harcourt BraceJovllllOVich;'75 iii. Brown,G "'"G Yule; DiscourseAnalysis,Can,bridge: Cambridge Univ.Press; 1983. tv. Braumfit, c.J. &. K. Johnson (eels) ;. The Comm1U1icativeAppraach to Language Teaching, Oxford: aUF; 1979. v, COlT()l,0 : Psychologyaf Language,.PadficGrore,Colli;Brooks &. Cole Publishing"'" CO.;1994. VI. Chomsky, Noam: SyntacticStructures,:nle Hague; Mauton; 1957. vii. Carder, S. Pitt.: Introducing Applied Linguistics,Londan: Pel1guin;1973. .- ,~''l\ir: -,." .S"" •••••••••••••••••••••••• -;- •••••• """""""""=-".,..-~------, . I .,~~,.. ,,'

viii. HiiJuday; M.A.K. et aif!f~ ~gJiStic:sc',,'llces and Unguage Teaching, 'London : Longmans;l964. <~<'_..., - ; , ,:i'- Hudson. R.~.; sociOIinlulstics, ,~b~ge~Cambridge Univ. Press; 1980. Joshi, Suati! Rethink!rt'g En&i!>h,pelhi :"Cl>UlirdUniv. Press; 1994. Krasben, S.D. :'PriJu:lp~ and Practice -in 'second Language Acquisition, Oxford : Pergamon; 1982. ":. ".,':, "",' - Krashen, S.D. & T.D.:ren-eU ::rhe J'iaturai Approach: LaIlguage Acq'lli5ition in the , xu. c1assroom,OxfOTd: Pergaman; 1983. t xiii. Krishnaliwamy, N., S,K.Venna, M. Nagrajan : Modem Applied Linguistics, :Madras: MaClIlillan India Ltd.; 1992. _ Kroll, Barh.va ; Second Language Writmg. Oxford: OUP; 1992. _ Lado, R; Linguistics cultures:' Applied Ling',listics for language Teachers, Ann Arhur: University of MidUgan PTess, 1957. Yard!, V.V. \ Teaching of English:in India. Larigackar, R.W. : langUage md Its Structure; Leecl1,Geoftrey N:: Prlriciphis ofPragmaw;London; Longman; 198.3. Lyons, 1ohn": Intrixhiction to TheoTeticll1 Linguistics, Cambridge: Cambridge UniV. Press; 1%6.:- Marathe, Siidhakaret aI. ProrocatiOns : nu, Teaching of English Uterature in India, Hyderabad ~Orient Longman; 1993 xxi Palmer, F.R', Gramma~al Rules and Relations, Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press; 1994. " xxii. Prabhu, N.S. Se<:ot\d Language Pedagogy, Oxford: ELBS; 1987, xxiii. , Quirk; 'Randolph wd Sidney Greellbawn. A Univerllity Grammar of Engiish,JfllIlow: Langman Group Ltd.; 1973. . xxiv. Radford, 'AndreW. Syntatic Theory and the Structure of English : A MinimahirtA pp1oach; Cambridge' Cambrid ge UItiv. Pre.>s; 1997. , Sethi, J & P.V. Dniunija. A COUffiein Phonl'licswd SpoklUl English- Delhi: Prentice- Hall; 1999. t ' -, -Tharu, Susie. (ed). TeaChing Literature in the Nineties, Hyderabad : Orient Longman; 1996.~"", - xxvii TrudgilL PiSociolingu'istics, An lntroductiDn, Hannondsworth: Penguin; 1974. xxviii. Vil;wanatlJan, Gauri. Masks of Conque.>t Landon: Faber & Faber; 1989. Total 60 Marks. (F) QUFSTION_PAPER'FORMAT,- , , SECTION: 1 • Q.l A} albic on Language Orientation. 10 Marks 10 Marks B) albic on Linguistic Scit:nces 10 Marks Q.2. A) albic on Language Variation 10 Marks B) albic on E,nglish Grammar " SECTICN,2." • 14 Marks Q.3 albic on Tell.ching English as a 2"" Language Q.4 albic Oil Teammg the English Language Skills 14MlIIks Q.5 albic OIlTeaching the English LlIIIguage 12 Marks

ENG CC mo-:eNCUSH DRAMA (1550-2000)

OBJECIlVES: 'nus Course il; offered ~ To acqd.aint th;; studentli with the major dramatistli in English Literature through a (1) -shidy 01'the representative plays. To acqiiaintthe' students ..-un t:rui mmn dramatic periods such as Elizabethan (2) Drama:; Jacobean Dnuna, Res-tondi0l1 Drama, Sentimental Comedy, Shavian Drama;;'Anger Movement Absurd DfaITa, etc. " To dC'Velop in the students tlJe ability 10inrerpret analys.e wd evalua~ plays Ulthe (3) perspective of Literary Hi~tory and TI,ec,ry. ' To acquaint the !ltudentli With the dl"am~tic conventions of the periods represented (4) by the illustrative Text. - "', To enable the stude."i.ts' to compare a"d contra:;t dramatic works ill:::rtmtive'Of (5) different periods of literary history. ., --_._..._~---~------.,=------.

(B) 11lXTSPRESCRIBED: ••

(- William ShakespelIre: 'HamJet' * (ii) G.B.Shaw, ,Apple Cart' • * (iii) Oscar Wilde; 'The Importance Of Being Ernest' {lv} John Osborne: 'LQ()k Back fn.An~eT * (v) Samuel Beckett: 'Endgame' (vi) Harold Printe"r:'The Hom~Com ing'

N,B,- The S!llrred Texts 'Hamlet', 'Apple Cart'; and 'Look Back In Anger', are Uleant for Detailed Study.

Ie)' TEACHING STRATEGIES;

Lecturing, Group Activities, Reading CompH~henliion, Announced jUllaImOllnced Quiz. Oral/Written Tesill. Close Reading Activity, Problem 901ving. Home Assignments, Paper- n:.ading and Presentation, 5en1tlt;tr, Sympo:o;ia and Play- reading. Role-playing, and Performing( Acting ont a scene/scenes.

(0) BmI1OGRAPHY:

1) Bradbrook, M.e. Themes and COIlVl'lltioI\ll of Elizabethan Tragedy ; London Cambridge Untv. Press; 1960. ,2) Bradley, A.C. Shakespearean Tragedy L<>ndon:Macmillan, 1985 3) Brustein, R. The Theatre of Revolt London: Methuen, 1962. 4} Cheslertoll, G.K. Ga. Shaw 5) Nicol/,. Alerdvee. British prama 6) T"JIlor. Jobn R';".L Anger I!IldNlOt, London; PoH:eo, 1963, 7) Tillyard, E.M.W. Elizabethan World Pictur<~Londoll: Chetto & Windus, 1943. 8) William, Raymond. Drama PrPlll Ibsen to I,recht: I'enguin Books, 1964. 9) Wilsoll, J. Dover. VVhatHappens in Ham!e~ 10) Giilloway, David (ed): E1izabethlUl Theatre ,:Hamden Conn) (1973) II) BeI1t1l'yEric; 'The PiIlywright as Thinker: A study of Drama in modem Times' 12) lImes, Chmtopher. Modem British Drama 189().1990 (Cambridge University Press • 1992) 13) Taylor, JOM Russell:" Anger and After; A euide to the New British Drama" 14) F.s:!lin Martin The Thea'\Te-of the Abllurd (pdicaJ\ Rev. 1968)

{E} Question Paper Format: Total 100 marks SECTION: 'A"

Q.1. This question is obligatmy. It will consist of 20 Multiple Choice Objective Type questions for 20 marks on the.lJnes of lhe Questions s.et for NET/SET and otheT Compl!litive EJullninations. The Internal Distn"bution of questions will be • 07 "' questions on 'Hamlet', 07 on 'Apple ':art" and 06 on 'Look Back In Anger'. 20 marks

SEcrION: 'B'

Q 2. albic 20 marks

Q3. albic The,paper-setter is to enjoy the frel.dOlll to set questions 20 marks on all the SIX TEXlS PRRSCRlBED without any repetition; but with random clubbing.

Q.4. albic , 20 marks

SECTION: '('

Q.5. (a)l(b) LAQ on BACKGROUND OR (cl Short Notes on the Prescrlbed Text:; / Ristory (02/OS) 20 marks ( !, , • ' -7_ I ; ENG CC THREE: English Literaty Studies:

A) OBJECTIVES: This Course is offered_ I . • 1) To acquaint the student with the Theory of litErature, Background of Literature, Literary Movements, :Periods ofLiteraty Hi.'Itoryand rel~ted topie5. '2) To equip the s'tudent with the knowledge of major and minor literary forms and literary • tenns 3} To enable the student to lean) the basic principl,~s ofEnglisll Litei-atur" appreciation. 4) To help the student to improve their reading skills, 5) To introduce the student to releVant concepts in applied/practical criticism and liteTary understanding-"appreciation and eValuation. ' 6) To make the student aware of the strategies of studying and teaclling Literature. 7) To train the student .in the practical demonstration and oral testing of literature, lesson pIannmg and itS exerution.

B} WPICS PRESCRIBED:

SECTION :1

1) Theory of Literature and Fine Arts- • Aristotle: Poetics (first four sections only.;

2) Background oiEnglish LiteTatun'" • R J. Ree!;::EngIish Literature-An Introdu~tion [aT Foreign Readers', c • Background of European Umrature. 3) Development of major and minor litermy fmms, a) Major LilJ!rarj' Forms,;}) Epic (ii) Tragedy (iii) Cdmedy (iv) Novel b) Minor Litermy,Fotnls; I) Lyric (i1)Short Story (iii)Essay iv) Biography c}Popular UlJ!rature

4) Literal)" Movem.;nts. ,) The Metaphysical b) The AugusGu1Satire.,'!' e) Romanticism. d) The Pre-Raphaelites. • e) Modernism. ~ Existentialism. . g) Anger Movement h) Absurdism ,." i) Post- Modernism. \-!. , 5) Contemporary Trends in LilJ!rature: 6) Literal:)' Terms -i,

" 7) Periods of Litera.rXHistory- a) ,Age of Shakespem-e b) Age of M!OOn. c) Age of Dryden. , d) Age of Pope. < e) Age of W,?rdsworth. • f) Age of Tennyoon. g) Modem Age. h) The Post-Modernists

8) " Pr ti al Criticism.I, illustrative PoeD'lS'. HUll'"-__ 'C ntic' . al Apprecm. tiOllS'by Helen Monfries • ac c " SECTION:D . ,

9) '~pects of~teral): AP~~.eciaM~ (iv) Treatnwnt (v) Point of View vi) Character .)Theme (u) Ge,.r::)eS~";;~re(ix)Setting (x) Teclmique (xi)Style (xii) Major Features (vii) Narration VlU ,

10) , 'f d' d teaching Literature: Strateg>es 0 stu .YlI\g~ C tent of Literature ~iii) CulturiU Banier (iv) Context v)i) LiteraryApproachesExpe~eto Literature-(,u) on B'I(~graphical, Hii;torical, Sociological, Psychological, Archetypal, etc. vi) Evaluation of Literature. \ I --~- .. • <-

<.< lI} Teaching Techniques (LIterature) (a) The Literature Lesson Plan. (b) Teaching PoetTy (c) Teaching Drama. (d) Teaching Novel. (e) TeachingShortStory. (t) Teaching PTo5e.

12) TestingandAudio-VisualAids_ i) Literature Testing. ii) Audio -Visual Aids: Use in Teaching Literature.

q (a) lEACHING STRATEGIES; i) The Literature Lesson Plan. ii) Teaching Sonnet iii) Teaching Ode iv) Teaching m.:.gy v) Teadling Lyric vi) Teaching One Act Play vii) Teaching Comedy (Shakespeare) viii) Teaching Comedy (Shaw) ix) Teaching Tragedy (Shakespeare) xl Teaching Modem Tragedy xi) Teaching an Absurd Play xii) Teaching Novel rill) Teaching Jane Austen's Novel xiv} Teaching Hardy's Novel "") Teaching Modem Novel xvi) Teaching an Es5ay xvii} Teaching a Short Story xviii) Teaching a Biography xix} Teaching an American Novel xx) Teaching an Indian English Novel

(1)) Apart from lldminislering practicals, lecturing, demonstration, Lesson-planning. Home- llS5ignments, Group-DisCUStiion,Problem_solving. Paper-Reading/ presentation, Seminal's/ Symposia, Quiz, Tutorials, are some of the "'achin:~strategies to be.followed. D) BlBUOGRAPHY. 1) Alvarez, Alfred. The School ofDorme, London, 1961. 2} Barker, Arthur, John Milton Modem Fmays ill Criticism. New York: Oxford Univ Press, , 1965 • 3l Barker, Shelley's Major PoetIy: The Fabric ala Vi8jon,Princeton Univ. Press; 1948 4) BelUlt'tt,JOiUl,Four Melaphysigi! Poets, Cambridge, 1\134 5) Ilowra. CM" TIle Romlllltic Imaginatign, London, 1950 6) CruttWell, Patrick, TIleSbak@pearean Movem~nt. London, 1954. 7) Daiches, David, Poetry and the Modem World. Chicago, 1940. 8) Derbishire, Helen, The Poet Wordsworth. Oxfcrd Univ.Press, 1950 9) Fraser, GS .. EsSllyon the 2l!" century Poetty. lo} Frye, Northrop, TS. Eliot Edinburgl1; Oliver~, Boyd ; 1%3. II) Grie=.. H.J.C, History of En~lish pg"tty 12) Jeffares, Nonnan, W.B,Yeats: Mw and pg"t L,mdon, 1949 13) kavis, F.R., New Bearin~ in Enzlish Poe:tty, JIamlOndsworth: Penguin Books;1%3. 14) Muir, KenIlt'tlJ, TOMMiltan, London, 1955 15) Press, John, Andrew MarveQ. Marvell. LondOll,1958 16) Press, John, A Map afModl'm Bn~lish VeIW,London: Oxford Univ, Press; 1969 17) Read, Sir Herbert, Wordsworth, London: Faber & Faber ;1931) 18} Williams, John,. Twentieth CentUT)"British P,>etry . A Criticltl IntrodUction, London: Edward Amold; 1987

E) QUESTION PAPER FORMAT: Q. 1: (a) or (b) or «() on 'Theoryand Background Total 100 Marks. Q. 2: (a) or (b) or (c) 011Major/ minor Forms of literatun' 2DMarks Q. 3; (a) or (b) Or(c) on Movements and Trends 201l-iarks Q. 4: (a) or (b) or (c) on Terms, Periods, !'TacticalC,itfds,n 2DMarks 2DMarks Q. 5: (a) or (b) or (c) on Aspects, Strategfus, Testing / A\ aids 2DMarks -~------'trH- ..~ ••.•,•.•.-----~~~------_

ENG OC l'.lFTY: AMBRICAN LlTERArLinE-. (l1lOO-194S) (A) OBJECTIvES; 'This Cours!! is olfered_ , , 1) To acquaint the student with the growth imd development of American Literature in English during the last two centuries. _ • 2) To acquaint the student with the backgrounds of American Litet~tuTe such as PUritanisin, FrOIltil'r, Transcendentalislu, Modernism, Post-Modernism, War_ Literature, Etbnicism and oontemPOTaty litel'aJy movements. 3) To traiu the student in the close-reading of the Texts pres<;n1Jed. 4) To develop the student ability to interpre~ the Ameri£an Literature In the context of World Literature in English. (B) 'TEXTS PRESCRIBED;

1) Emily Dickinson: (i) The SoulSe1ecfs Her Own Society. (ii) Idrinkaliquo]" .... (iii) I'm Nobodv. (2) (iv) Idied tw.u;e. bell're my eyes closed. Robert FrOSl : (i) MOwing. (ill DesIgn. (iii) Mp.nding wall (iv) Directive. (3) * (4) Wallace Stevens; Emperor ofke-cream (for Detailed Study) * (5) NathanialHawthome: The Scarlet J.etW- (for Detailed Study) * (6) Eugene O'Neill: Emperor Jon~ (£0. Detailed Study) Emest Hemingway: The Old Man and the Sea.

(C) TEACHING STRA TEGms: '" frn- ENG CC TWO/ TI-lREIVFIVE. (D) BIBLIOGRAPHY ; I} Baker, Carlos (ed.) Hemingway and His Critics : An International Anthology. New York : Charles Scribner's Sons ;1951. 2) Baker, Carb, Hemingway; The Writer as an A~ Princeton Univ. Press ;1952. 3). Baker, Sheridan. Ernest Hemingway; An Introduction and Interpretation, Ne-wVork ; Barnes and Noble Inc,; 1%7 4) Eassner, John, Epgene O'Neill. Minneapolis; lli,iv. Of MinisoIa Press; 1%5. 5) Methuissan, F.O, American Renaissance. New t>ellii: Oxford VIliv. Press; 1941. 6) Pearce, Roy HlUVey, 'fhe Continuity of Ameri(an P

,(B) Q- PMER FORMAT:

Q.l. This questlcm is obligatory. 'It: w ,II ~l'>l'stof 20 \>1~lli-p'~choke.

O~er.t;'V€ TypE' C/1.Il"-.\.tiO"3 .fi". .• 0 ""'",rks ,0'" HJ(" lIil!'..s0+ ~6 .;, ~'Ul"st.;&1'\S se-1: ,'1m HETls'Sr ",.,d oth~,..rOn:lpf't,it!ve E",arn'7VJ.,ti"lls. llle r"wrr'\t\l DMt.,..',bl.{tion 9f CJl.Ie,stjofU. 1.0.1)11be -o"'l~estlons en ~+h"""I$, 0) O"tJIftl,wttm"e (IT,d 07 on dNeJII. Q.omcnks.

20 I'1Qrl<:s. Th~ po..p€'T-Q>'\:ter is -ft, (=~~>'+he frel?Jom w

S€t 'lU!>,".-D0f!5 (1) coJl -t~~pn:SCR,.!Bfj) T&--B . wHhoru..t Clf'J ~etHio~QI1r:J w;#) 'IcP1dijl'l) dubhlnj . .

l"'~ o>l SF\(!(GROt)/"ltI CR,«:.l S1l~.-t-Note "f1 1he_ 1'~~<.,;bEdTe?thJ lfi$ot,J (02/05) ._-._-- • ---~-

caMMONWBALTII LITERATURES. , ENG DC FIFTYONE; (African, Asilln and Caribbean Literature)

OBJECTIVES: This Course is offered- • .', (A) 1) To acquaint the student with the growtl, and development of En~h Uterature m Afric Asian and Caribbean COlUltries- the ComJ,llonwelllth Countrtes. To aca;~a.int the student with the background of the Common- wealth Literature and 2) contemporary liteTatu.-e-lI'lovement. To train the stlldentwlth the dose-reB.din~. of the Texts. .' 3) To develop the student's ability to inw-pret the Commonwe;Uth L,lPTature m the 4) context ofWorid Literature in English.

(13) TEXTS PRESCRIBED : * 1) V.S.Naipal: The MystiI; Masset1r.(forDetailed Study) * 2 Chinua Achebe; Things FaD Apart. (for lJetaili:'d Study) 3) Nadine Gordimer: My Son's Story. 4) Amos Tutuola: The Plllm -Wine Drunkard. 5) Bapsi Siddhna: The Crow-Eaters. * 6) Wale Soyi:nka: The Road (Play) (for Detailed Study)

(C) TEACHING SfRATIlGml: (as for, ENG CC TWO/fHRBWI'fVE and DC FIFTY)

(0) BIBLIOGRAPHY ; 1) ArnuT, GS. ed al (eds) Indian Readu1llli l.l Commonwealth Literature, New Delhi : SteTling Publishers; 1985. 2) Carol, David. ChinUll Achebe. New York : Twayne World Author Series; 1970. 3) Cock, David. African Literature: A Critical y~umdon : Longman; 1'177. Coultherd, G.R. Race wd Colour ill Caribbt'an Literature, London: Oxford Urn••..Press, ') 1%2. 5) Hammer, R.D, VB. Naipa1, New York: Twayne P1lb1ishers; 1973. 6) Hammer, R.D. (ed) Critical Peumective on V.S. Naipaul London: Heineman, 19'79. n JOM J, &: Ramsaran J, Approam to Africul1 Lirerature. Ibadan: Thadan Uruv. Press, 1958, 8) Rldards, Colin. Caribbean Power l.mldon: Dobson Books Ltd,,1963, 9) 1beroux, Paul, VB. Naipaul :An Introduction to His Work, London: HeinemaIl; 1972. 10) Bruce King, '1be New English Literatures: Cultural Nationalism ill a Changing World; Maanillan 1987, 11) Wole Soyinka, 'Myth, Litemture & the Afriean World, Oxford 1997 U) Susheila Nasta, 'Mother lands: women's writing from Africa. the Caribbean and Sourtl:J Asia: Women's Press 1991 13) Margaret Atwood, 'Survival: A Thematic Guile to Canadian Urerature, Anansi 1982 14) Coral AJm Howells, ' Privllre & Fictional l"'orlds: Canadian Women Novelists of the 19708 and 1980s; Metheun lmldon 1980 15) Ann Ruther Ford: 'From Commonwealth to post colonial Dangaroo 1992 16) Mary D;w:/d: 'Wole 5oyinka: A quest for Rernwal BI publications, Madras, 1995

(El Q.PAPERFORMAT: Q.l. This question is obligatory, It will consist of 20 Multiple Oloiee Objective Type qUe8tions ror 20 marks on he lines of the Questions set for NEI'/SET and other Competitive Examinllbons. TIle lnremal Dishibution of questions will be - 06 questions on Soyinka, 7 on Achebe, IIml 7 on Naipaul.

20marks

Q2. albic 20 marks Q3.a/b/e The paper-setter is to enjoy the fr€edom to set questions 20 marks on all the PRESCRIBED TEX1S w:thout any repetition; and with random r1ulibing. Q.4. a/b/c 20 marks

Q.5. (a)/ (b) LAQ on BACKGROUND OR (c) mort NoW. on the • PTescribed Textr;/ History (02/0S) 20 Marks .,,.,.:"~... ------~------~~------_;,,"'1:,• .•...._.".•.---- -11_

ENG DC FlFIY lWO: STYLISTIC INTROPUCDQN TO LITERA1JJRE !POETRy &; PROSE)

(A) OB}ECTIVE5; ThiSCourse is offered_ , 1) To introduce"studenfs to the basic concepts in stylistic. : 2) To familiarize student with diHerences in Poetic, fictional and dramatic communication. 3) To enable student to carry out stylistic analysis of Poetic fictional d d ti discourses. ' ,an rama c 4) ~o ~~Ie studmt to deal wittl the study of the lex;:aI, syntactic and other relevant lingnlShc features of Age of literary text WJthout reference to the author, the period or oth~ extra textual data on which literary apJ'redlltion depends. , 5) To enable 5tudent to gain new insight into tie Phenomenon ofStvle from till' point of the reader and the message c9nveyed to him by ,he text. - . 6) To enable student reahZe the ingrediNIts of good style and raise their awareness of it in all im ramifications,

(B) TOPICS PRE5CRIBED; 1. arrentation: The nature of Literary' CO~llnirat:km Levels of linguistk description in Literature. 2, For~unding and Cohesion. 3. Phonology and Literature, Speech and Writing. Sound-pattems in literature, Sound Symboliser. 4. Synmx and Literah:;:re:Co-ordinalion illld Sllb-ord~tion.. Loose and Periodic Sen~ce- pattems. , 5, Lexis and Literature: Lexical and GraUIlMtical items, Lexical Sets, Collocation and 5elecfuma.l, Restric"-~uuU:>, P0"""~_ •...n.....,".-uon. 6. Varieties of English and Literature: Dialects illld RegisteTs, Standard Language, Etlmic o and National Varieties. ' 1. Semantics, PTagmatics and Literature: Case relations, Speech Acm, PTagmatic Principles. 8. Stylistics: Nature and Scope, Approaches to L,terary Style. 9. Stylistic Analysis of the Text: (a) Language in Context. and (b) Concepls of Style _ (derivatiolls, foregrounding. antithesis, climax) (a) and (b) in relation to- i) SynIaX-Morphology-Types of Vocabula'y-Types of Phrw;es, Types of Clauses, Types of 5elltences"":Simple( Complex ( Fonnal( Colloquial ii) Discourse-Cohesion ellipsis, Coherence, FJ.gUrativelanguage: metaphor, symbolism, irony, pamdox, tautology. ill) Context - addreSl5ee-addresser relatioIl5hip;, .iv)Phonology. (v) Rherorkal Devices.' _ 10. Stylistics of Poetry: Linguistic ronventions in Rhythm and metre, The irrational in Poetry, Ambiguity and undetermined Literary devices. 11. Stylistic Analysis ofTellts (poetry) ,{) 12. Stylistic Analysis ofTellts (Prose) (C) TEACHING STRA'I'lJGIES; As for ENG CC ONE.

(D) 'BIBUOGRAPHY : :' L Culler Jonathan:'StructuraJist Poeti<::; London, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1975. ii. DhariwaL A S, Style of the Absurd:A Study of Harold Pinter's Play Sirhind TakshiJa Pub. 1989. iii Haynes J. ~ London and New York, Rout J-edge, 1995. lV. Iqbal Kaur, Tying and Untying of Literary Tellis -New Delhi, BalociPub., 1986. Toohm M.]. TIle Stylistics of Fiction: Age of I.1terary, Linguistic Approach London and New York, Routledge, 1990. Tumer G., Stylistics: Harmondsworth: Komal J.5., Shaw's Historical Plays: A Semio-stylistic Study, Patiala, Indian Institute of Language Studies, 1987 ' viii Leech G.N and Short M, Style in Fiction: Lo[ldor" Longman, 1981 ix. Leech G.N., A Linguistic Guide to English Poetr:', London.Longman,l969 ~. Nash W, Design in Prose: LondOTl,Longman 19,'ID . ~1. Page N, Speech fu English Novel :London, Longman,l973.. , ~ii Prakasanl V, Stylistics of Poetry: A FuilCtional Perspective, Omkar Publications, 1996 Hyderabad. . _- ~ili. Widdowson H.G.,,~sty1iSticsaJld the Teachirlg of Uterature" London, Longman 1915. ~w. Alonso, Amado;The Stylistic Interpretation of ~teraryText "Modem Language Notes. (1942) xv, Cooper, Lane Theories of Style (1907) _xvi. Ed. B/y Sebeok, 'ThomasS. Style in umguage-- Cambrid~e, Mass (1%0) -12- xvii Spitzer, Lw Linguistics and Littorary Histo'll'}': Essays in Stylisfu, PubliWied by Princeswn 1- xviii A Method ofInterprel:ing Uterature _ Publisl,ed by NortheU1pton, Mass 1949. .~. xix. Neil Smith and Deirde, Modem Linguisli~ : The Results of Chomsky's Revoluti~ (1947) xx. North, The December 1978 issue of "Poetics' Holland Publishing Co. ed. by _ Tean A Van Dijk xxi. "Language and Style~ ~An International Journal Published by Queens College, City University of New York xxii. Essays in Poetics --Publliihed by the Neo Fonmwsl Cirde of the University of Keele. xxiii. ~Style" -Published by the Deptt.of Englliih University of Arkansas, edited by -Noam Chomsky, Archibold Hill, Richard Olunanll, Josephine Miles, Roger Fowler, Frank Kermod",. xxiv. Widdowson,H.G 5tylistig; rnd Tgadtinl: of Literatpre, London: Longman ,1975 xxv. Kerr, Elan TIll' Semiotics of the Theatre and Drama. London: Nethuen; 1980. xxvi. Nash, W. Oesi!Zllin Prose. London: LongmllIl ;1980,

E. Q. PAPER FORMAT: Total 100Marks • Q. 1: nus question is obligatory. It will consist of 20 Multiple Choice Objective Type questions covering all the p!'('scn"bed Topics for 20 rnilrks on the lines of the Questions set fur NETISET and other Competitive Examinatiom, 20 marks

Q.2: a) A Poem for Stylistic Analysis 10 Marks

b) A Prose -Passage fur Stylistic Analysis 10 • Marks..l

Q3. albic 20 marks

Q4. albic The paper-setter is to enjoy the free(\om to set questions 20 marks on all the PRESCRIBEDTOPICS without my repetition; and with random dubbing. Q.5. albic 20 marks

ENG OC FIFTY THREE: INDIANWRfTINGS IN ENGUSH_I

A) OBJECTIVES: nus COllraeis offered __. 1. To introduce student with the gmwth III1d,levelopment of Indian Writing in English :J: during the wt two centu~. 2. To train the student in the dose reading of the Texts Prescribed. 3. To develop the student's ability to intelpret tl-e Indian Writing!i in English in the context of world Literature in English.

B) TEXTSPRliSCRIBED: 1) M.KGandm: My Experiments with Troth. * 2) Nirad C.Challdhri: A Passage to England. * 3) Rabindranath TagOTe:Cmlra (play). * 4) Girish l

Dj BffiUOCRAPHY: 1) Bhargava, RahuL Indian Writing in En#isl, ;The Last Decade. New Delhi : Rawat Publkations,2002. 2) Chatterjee, Bhabatosh, Rabindra.nath Tllgore and Modem Sensibility. Delhi: Oxford Univ. Press,1996. 3) Iyengar,K RS, IndianWritingillEllglish.Bombay; 'l.si;IPublliihing House, 1962 4) McCutchion, David, Indian Writinl: in EJtglish:Critical Essay, Cakutta : Writers WQrMhop, ,

, - 13. , 5) Mukherjee, Meenakshi Twice BoI"Tl'fiction, • ,• 6) Nail.: M.K et al.Critkal Fssay~ on Indian Writing in English. Dharwad : Kamatak Univ. 'j Press, 1%8. 7) Naik, ~.K. .A History of Indian English Literature' Sahitya Akademi, Delhi 1982 8) Ray, Niharranjan. An Artist in Life:A CQUlInentaT)'On Life md Works of Rabindranath 1 Tagore. Trivandrum, Univ, Of KeraIa, 1%7. I E) Q. PAPER FORMAT: ., Q.1. This question is obligatory. It ,will consist of 20 Multiple Choice Objective Type questions for 20 marks on the lines of the Questions set for NlIT/SET and other Competitive Examinations. The Internal DistributiOI1 of questions , will be - 06 questions on Chaudhari, 07 on Tagore, and 07 on Kamad

20 marks '." Q2. 'a/b/c 10 marks I

Q3.a/b/c The paper-setter is to enjoy the freedJOl to set questions 20 mark> , on an the PRESCRIBED TEXTS without any repetition; and with random clubbing. \ o Q.4. albic 10 marks \ ~ Q.5. (a)/ (h) LAQ on BACKGROUND OR (c) SllO,"tNotes on !lIe 20 Marks PTescribed Texts/ History (02{OS) .,• ENG OC. FIFTY FOUR: COMPARATIVE LITBRAI'URf (THEMATOLOGY)

The Prescriptions will be similar to the M.A. English Course for Paper IV of the Comparative Langullge and T-iterature Department of the North MaharashtTa University. j I A) OBfECITVES: 1) To understand and appreciate comparamely &stenl and Western cross-cultural religious ideas reflected in the poetry of medieval period from Marathi. Hindi and English Language. 2) To study comparatively poetic forms exploited by Melapllysical Poets, Hindi devotional poeI5 and :Marathi devotional poets. (E) pR:ESOUPTIONS: selected Poems of the following Poets. 1) Janabai &.Tukaram. 2) Meerabai&.Kabir. 3) Donne & Herbert Melville. (C) T'::ACHING STRATEGIFS:

All for ENG OC FIFTY & ENG OC FIFTy-QNE

(D) BffiUOGRAl'HY: i. Bassnett, Susan, Comparative Literature: A ':rilical Introduction, Oxford : Blackwell 1993. jj. Majumdar, Swaran, Cowparative Literature: Indian Dimel1sions Calcutta; Papyrus, 1987. Ul. Mauya, Abhai Confluence New Delhi: Sterling Publishers, 1988. iv. Nagendra (ed). Comparative Uterature. v. Paniker, K Ayyappa Spotlight on Comparatil'e Indian Literature. Calcutta: Papyrus, 1992. vi Prawer,S.S. Comparative Utera .•..•.Studies, Loudon: Duckworth &. co" 1973,

(EI QUESTION PAPER FORMAT: Questions of comp,rrative study on the basis of. E.pressions & Style; Relationship between Poet and Tmdilion; Literary value and rebellious at1itude shall be set. Each question will be of 20 mail

t - _ .. -

.14. M.A, PART - II; , ENG CC FOUR: MODERN LITERARYTIIEORIFS. •, (A) Objectives: Thill Course is offered- 1) To acquaint the students with some of the IUndamental questions in modem literary cri1:icaltheories Literature sud, as t:1lflhnper:;onal Th"'Ory,Artist as a Catalyst, what is author, Femioild:Poet:icaek. 2) To introduce the students to some of the basic COI1Ct'ptsin Literary Theory; such as the Tradition, PseudO"Statmnents, Deconstructim., the_Primacy of the Reader, the Author's Status, Feminism etc. 3) To study in detail some S£'lllinaltheories in Modern Literary Criticism. 4) To develop in the students critical outlook. in literature. . 5} To expoS<'!the students to some representative works of Modem Descriptive Critidsm in English.

{B} Texts Prescn"bed : • 1) T.S. Eliot: Tradition and the Individual Talent. (Lodge 72.) 2) 1.A. Rkhards: PlJeudO"Statmnenlll(Lodge 72.) 3) Susan Santog: Against Interpretation (Lodge 72.) 4) Jacques Derrida : Sign, Structure and the Play in the Discourse of Human Sciences. (Lodge88) (Setura.man89/94) • 5) Roland Ba.rthes: Death of an Author (Lodge 88) • 6) Elaine Showalter: Towards a Feminist p(>etics(Seturaman 89) 7) Edward Said : Cril;i!iin Orientalism. (Lodge 88) ..; 8) Michael Foucoult :What is an authcrr (Lodge 88) 9) Introduction to Contemporary Critictsm.i\n Anthology by V.s. Seturaman 10) Orientation to Literary Theory: M.H. Ab,ahams. Tt"rts for Detailed Study will be 01, 05, and 06. (C) Teaching Strategies:As for ENG CC: ONE /lWO / TIIREE.

(D) Bibliography: i. Ray, William.: Ljtl:rary Meaning: FTQIIIPlwnomenology to Degmsturuction. Oxfort: Baril Blackwell; 1984. ii Culler, Jonathan.: Structurl!HS Poetics, Lo"don: Routledge & Koganfaul ;1975 iii Eagleton, Terry,: Litern.ryTheory: An 1ntrodl,dioQ" Oxford: BasiI Blackwell..1983 tv. Lentricl:hia, Frank. : After the New Critirisr -,,-Chkago : The Univ. Of Chkago Press ;1980. v. Lodge, David. : 2()v>CentUly CriliciGffi: A Re~der.. London: Loniman ;1973 vi. Lodge, David. : 212"' Century & Modem CriticiGm.....London: longmllJl; 1%8. va Norris, Ou-istopher. : DecQltStruction: TheQry iIIIdPrilctire.,london: Methuen; 1982 .-... ViIL Wellek, RanI' &. Austin Warren. : Theory of Literature" London: Harcourt,Brace & ./ worid,in •..;1966(rpt). ix. Wimsatt William K and Cleanth Brooks: litera", Criticism: A Short History, New Delhi: Oxford ;1%7 x. Scholes, Robert.: Structuralism iP Literatun ; An Introduc!iQn.. New Haven: Yale L'niv. Press; 1974, l(l. Selden, Raman. : A Reader's Guide to Conlemporary Literary Thea!)' , Brighton: The Harvester Press; 1985 xii. Seturaman, V.5.: CQntempomry Criticism: An Anth0low" Madras: Macmillan India Ltd. ;1989 xiii. Showaltl'v, Elaire. (I'd) : The New FeministCriticiW : &says on Women, Literature and Theory., london: Virago; 1986. lCI\l. Lodge David: 2(}th Century Criticism: A Read~ (1972) (Longman) xv. Lodge David: 2(}lh Century and Modem Criticism (1988) xvi. Seturaman: Contemporary Criticism -An Anthology (MacmiIlan) (1989) XVll. Wimsatt &. Brooks: Literary Criticism : A Sh01t History. xviii. Culler Jonathan: Structuralist Poetics.

E) Question - Paper Fonnat: Question will be set in such a manner that students.<'ill ha.ve no opportunily to delete any of the eight prescribed modem critical essays £rOIl

on ~r~~'; }futroduction' , , OR ¥. H. Abrams's 'Orientation' 20 Marks

, .. -'-, ' ENG.CC FIVE: ENGliSH F1CTJON (1700-2000)

(A) Objectives: TIUsCpurse is offered-.. o. 1) To ocquaint the student with most signific'ant:J!nglish novelists through the study of the Tepresentlltive."illustTativeriOvels. _'". - 2) To acquaint th~ shi'dent with the gro¥.'t;h..nddevelopment of English fiction. _3) To acquaint the shident with the conventions of the novels of the periods represented by .-.... " "' .. - .. ' , -the illustrative:novelS:' ' " ,'.' 4)' 'To:'trilinthe ,tudent tn the doi;e' reading of the novels pTescrtbed and to eOIl,biethe _,' " ':stu'denui'to compare and ctmtilit the nOvels J,restrlbeti,With Teference to the thematic 'pattem. the ti{ood" the'tteatmenl, tI'e t;edm:iql,e, thedlafllclliriw.tion, the structure, the aU,thCrrialcominent;'the~int of view, tlle'se,!lii,g..the nan-ative, the piot-i:onstniction, the _"OOC:ia~and cultuTai aspects and other stylistic' features alldpeculiari:l:ie:i of the novels

::~;:;ty,;;,¥~~~~~;the sfliJen~ ~e ability ~ intel'pp~t,~e, and evaluate the novels in tIle eootext of the Iiterary-,WstoTy-andtheo:ry:,

(BJ \;rexts prescribed:;j, , " '1)', Jane Austen: 'Persuasion' * -;2) TIJ,mas~rd}',:'TI;e Mayor of Cast..rbridge'(for Detailell Study) 3) James Joyi:e': A P!,li1:raitOfthe'artist as;i Yeung Man' "* 4) Giorge OrWell:' Animal Farin'( for Detailed Study) * 5)' Wllliau\ Golding ,'The wrd of the Flies' (for Detailed Study) 6) Iris Murdoch :'pnder the Net' , .- ' '" ",:',;[ "C:.," , ' , .. (C) TeaehingStrategies: AS ror ENG CC mO! 1H.~a. ,

JDI: "Bibliography: , "._ _ ' ',"; l.. AllIin,Walter~: The ErlgIL-mNoveL, Han:lIOJ,dsworth; Penguin Books ;1957. Ii' 'BroWn, D.: Thomas Hardy,; wndon; wngiltal.l ; 1954(revised ed.1%1) iii Brown:,D, , ,Thomas Hardy; The MayOr of Ca,terbddge" ' London: Arnold ;1%2 ':iv. Burgess ;Aritheny. ;, The Novel Now., London: ,;1967. v. Lascelles, Ma~.: TIle Novels oOane Austen., l.bridon: Longrnan ;1963. 9 ',\'i, Levin,Harry'~: TamesIoyee" Acritical Introduction" wndon; Faver & Faber ;1 6- vii RavaI, Suresl{,: The Art of FailuTe.. Boston~,Allen & Unwin. ;1986 viii' Leavis; F.R. :'The Great Traditlo0;' Hannondsworth, PenguIn Books ;1%2

ix. Thoma5, G.5;: Orwe1t, Edinburgh: oliver & B(lyd;1965 > •

lC. Watt ,Lari. :"; The Rise Qfthe Novel, " , ;xi,' Wright A.H~:, lane Austen's Novels" LOn.~lio:tharto & Windas ;1%2 Total 100 Marks (HJ Q:Paper Format: " There waI'be20 o*,-ti~e muU:ipk'tl1oieeqllestions of 20 marks of which 07 will be 00 Hardy: 07,on'QrweU anil 06 on Golding. ' 20 marks

LAQ' ;20 iIll1l"ks Q.D: 'a/b/e ,20marks with random clubbing of texts , Q.ill; LAQ 1 a/b/c " 20 marks without repetition. Q.IV] : a/ bJe: LAQ J , OR 'C' ShorlNoteS (02/05') On the Background History, 20 marks Q,V]: a/b CAQ

',-,' • ------.1' liNG CC SIX:- ENGLISH POETRY (1350-2000)

(A' objectives: This Course Is offered - •• 1) To acquaint the students with the most sigl1ificant English poe15 through the study ci the representatiVe illustrative poems. ~ 2) To acquaint the students with the main ages of the growth and development of English poetry such as the ages of Chaucer, Shakespeare" Donne, Milton, Dryden,. Pope, Dr. Johnson, Wordsworth, Byron, Tennyson, 1W5setti,.Yeats, Eliot, Audom- Dylan Thomas, Lal:l:in,.Hughes, Gunn, Heaney lUldothers. 3) To acquaint the students with the poetk convenlioru; of ,the periods represented by the _ illustrative poeIIIs. 4) To train the students in the close ~ding or the poems prescribed and to enable the- students to compare and contrast the poems prescn'bed with reference to the thematil: patten>, the poetic structure, the 115eof poew' devices, the stylistil: peculiarities &: other poetk features. 5} To develop in the students the sbillty to Inkrpret. amlyse and evaluate poems in the context of litem'Y history and theory,

(B' PoeUlSPTescribed:

1)Andrew Matvell: To His Coy MistteS5_ 2) JOlul Milton: Lycidas 3) Thomas Gray: Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard. (for Detailed Study) * 4) William Wordsworth: Tintern Abbey. 5) P.B. Shelley :Ode 10the West Wind. (for Detailed Study) * 6) Alfred, Lord Tennyson: The Lotos-Eaters. 1./ 7) Robert Browning: Andrea DelSarto. 8) W. B. Yeats: Sailing to Byzantium. 9) T. S, Eliot: The Hollow Men. (for Detailed Study) * 10) Dylan Thomas.: Poem in October. 11) Philip larkin; Lines on a Photogt-aph. 12) Ted Huglf,s: Hawk-Roosting. 13) Thom Gunn: My Sad Captains, 14) Seamus Heaney; Death of a Naturalist.

(C) Teaching Strategies: Lecturing.. Group Activities such WI Poetry Reading, Recitation, Close Reading Seminar, Symp05ia, Paper-Reading, Quiz, Poetry-Lisrenmg.. Tutorials, etc. It is desiTll.blethat the PG Centres should use OHP,and prepare trarlsparer'lcies.

(D) Bibliography: 1. Lewis C S: English Literature in 16"' C

..~G oc SEYnNn:AMEIUCAc"'" UTERATURE \ (A) ObjEictiVes: As for the E..I\JGex: FIFTY.

(B) Texts Prescribed: '. -* 1) Sylvia Pii.th: Daddy,'Tulips, Lady Lazarus. (for D~iled Study) 2) Langston Hughes: Dream Boogie, Dreanl Deferred, Theme for English. *' 3) -ArthurMiller:AUMySon's.:(forDetailedStudy) 4) Edward:A1bee:TheZooS!tJry. 5) Saul Bellow: Herzog,; * 6) Glovia Naylor: The Women of Brewster Place (for Detaill'd Study)

(C) - Teaching StrategieS': As for ENG de FrFrY. ''0 ,_

(0) Bibliography:" ...... _ i. Braadbury, MakOm. Saul BelloW./London: M"thuen, 1982. ii. Clayton; Jolm r ' Saul Bellow: In Defence of Man; Bloomington', Univ. Of IlliniosPress, 1%8. , " ili,'OU BOis,E.w:a The sOuls 6iB@ckFolk.' , iv. Hassan, Ihab. LontemI>Q!jlry American Uterature, An Introduction. New York; Unger.

1973." ~,_" _ c, ' , v. '.Huggin, Natltan Irvin, Harlent RrnaiSWKe., O>:ford; N~'Oxford Univ, Press, 1971. Vi. 'Kazin; 'Alfred~On Native Grounds, New York , Doubleday &. cO.,I966. vii. Man,. Liu/ltiIs. (ed). Black Women Writers, A (:riticai Evaluation. New York 1984, Viii Rajani, P, The Poeby of Sylvia Plath,"; Hyderabad: Sangam Books, 2000 ix. Reddlngs, 1.5aI.tders. To Make a Poet Black. , Chapel Hills; Univ, Cardina Press, 1939. ,,, Qovit, Earl. Saul Bellow ; A Collection of Crti<;al ,Essays. F.ngelwood Cli£6.;,N. ,. :Prentice,l75.; -, , , _ . xi. Tanner, Tony.CittO{ Words~; New York, Ha'loer &. Row, 1971. xii. Amerkan' English Ed by ,Dr. Jyoti Rane . , • (E) Q: Paper Format: 1 " _ ' Q. I] ,'There will be 20 objective multiple choice que bOIlSof 20 marks of which 06 will be on Plath, 07 on Millerand 07 on NaylOT I 20Marks •

. ~,' .,' ' • Q.lI] a/b/c L,,i;'QOn'Plath / Hugrn;~-' 2('Marks } ".III] a/b/c LAQ- 2(' Marks Random dubbing of j Q.JV] a/b/c LAQ- 2r Marks Texts without repetition, ,

Q.V] a! b LAQ OR 'C Short Notes 2CMarks t (imBackground) I • ENG be SEVENTy:..oNE:COMMON WEALTH LITERATURE (Cil1l3dian, Australian, & New Zealand Engliall 'Uterature)

Objectives , As f;f~ENG oC FIFTY / SEVENTY with appropriate modifications &. substitutions of ex'pressioIlS.

• ...- . ------~~------.,. , (H) Texis Prescribed : 1) Patrick WWtio: 'The tree of Man. * 2) Judith Wright: 'The ComplUlY of Lovers', 'Bullock}", 'Women to Man', and .""•, Harp and the King'. •, 3) Margaret Atwood: The Blind Assassin. * 4) Margaret laurence: The Stone Angel. 5) Wilson Harris : The Secret Ladder. * 6) George Lamming: III the Castle ofMy~ikin. Terl9 for detailed Study: 2, 4, 6. (C) Teaching Strategie5: As krr ENG OC FIFrY / SEVEN1Y / FIFI'Y ONE. • (0) BibliOgraphy: i. Bums, D.R. The Directions Austtalion Fiction, Melbourne: Cassel Australia, 1975. ii. Daridonon, Arnold &. Cathy. (Eds): The Art of Margaret Atwood, 1981 iii Frye, Northrop. Literary Hill/my of canada .. 1%5 iv. MOllti,Joh. A Readers Guide to Qmadian Literature ,1981 v. Nal"asimhaiah, C.D. The Flowering of Auslraliart, Literature, Mysore: The Literary Criterion,1980 vi. Fulton, Geoffrey.(Ed.) The I t!crature of Austr.ilia. : Madras: Penguin "Books,1976

Total 100 Marks (E) Q. Paper Fonnat: Q.I] It will bI:"of 20 objedn.'e multiple .choke type questions of 20 marks of which 06 will be on Wright, IJ7 on Laurence and f.'I7 on Lamming. 20 Marks ~, .Q II] a/b/e LAQ • 20 Marks '/ Random dubbing of the Q.III] albic LAQ - 20 Marks } Tel

ENG DC SEVENTY.TWO: A Stylistic Introduction to Literahtl'e-- Novel and Drama

(A) Objectives; This courne is offered ----: 1)' To introduce the students to Unguistic, Sem~ntic and Stylistic Approaches to the understllnding and enjoying of Liteflll'YGenT!s like Novel and Drama. 2) To make students aware of the recent developments in Semantics ~nd Literary Studies. 3) To enilble students to investigllte and analys.! liteTllry ted:; in the ronlt!l

B) Topics PTescribed :- 1) Orientation: FOTegmunding.. Cohesion, Sound Symbolism, PIlra1klism, Diction and other concepts with special reference to Novel and Drama. 2) Semantics, Stylistial, PTagmllticS and Discourne -Analysis, with special reference to Novel and Drama. 3) Stylistics Analysis of Texl5, Discourse Analy~is, Addressee -Addressee relatiOnships in the context of narrative and dTllD'1aticstrategit s of signifkant representative types. 4) Anaysing Lilt!rary Te:

(0 reaching Strategies: ABfor KNG CC ONE. And fer ENG ex:: FIFTY -TIVO. D) Bibliogmph)'; As for the Eng OC fifty-Two.

E) Q.Paper Format; Total 100 Marks

Q.I] It will ~ of 20 objective multiple choice tyP!' ques~ns to be set on Topirs 1 to 3. WMarks

Q. II] a/b/c -LAQ 20 Marks Q.ID] a/b/c LAQ 20 Marks Random dubbing of the • Q.IV) a/b/c LAQ 20Marks topics without repetition. Q.V] a/b/c LAQ- 20 Marks }

ENG OC SEVENTY THREE: Indian Writings In English -D.

A) Objectives: As for ENGOC FIFTY-THREE. B) Texts PTescribed :

1) Amilllv Ghosh: . ') M:i5s.Attia Hosain: Sunlight on a Broken Column (pub. Penguin). * 3) Salman Rushd;e : The Midnight's Olildren. 4) : . * 5) Vilas Satang: An Anthology of Indian Enl;lish Poetry. \,..- * Only following Poerntl are Pr.>scribed- .) Nissim &ekiel (I)Virginal (il) The Railway Clerk. b) Jayanta Mallapalra (i) The Abandoned British Cemetery at BaJasore. (ti) Total Solar &lipse. ,) R.Pa1thasarathy: i) from Exile ~>ections5,6,7. d) Eunice de Souza: i) Forgive Mf. Mother. KilIJIa1a Das: i) The freaks " ti) In Love. C) Teachig Strategies: As for ENG OC 50/70 and ENG ex: 51/71, and ENG 'X 53

D) Bibliography: As for the ENG OC Fifty. Thte€

E) Q. Paper Format. Total.lOO Marks Q.lJ It will ~ of 20 objective multiple choice t;'Pe questions to be set on Attia Hosain (07 Questions). Amn Joshi (07 Questinl1ll)and Poetry Selections (06 Questions) . 20 Marks Q. II] a/b/c LAQ 20 Marks Q.Ill] a/b/cLAQ- 20 Marks R.l1ldom clubbing of the Q.IV) a/b/c LAQ" 20 Marks } T"xts without repetition.

Q.Vj a/b LAQ OR 'C' Short Notes (02 /05) 20 Mark!; (on Background History-.)

ENG OC SEVENTY.POUR:Compa:tative Literature (Genealogy)

A) Objectives: This Course is offered. 1) To study various literary fonns. 2) To promote comparative study of various literalY fonns. 3) To evaluate specific literary fonns by studying rrescribed lii;t'rllrytexts.

B) Topics prescribed: 1) Elements of literary fOOllS: 2) Classificatinn of literary fOOllS: - Serious iUld popum - Dependant forms. - Non-literary fonns. - Jou malistie Writing. - Scientific Writing. 3) Major literary- forms - Epic, Tragedy. Novel, Comedy. 4) Minor litera'}' forms -- Essay, Short Story, LYTic,Travelogue 5) Special Study of Novel _ Plot ,Aesthetic Value, f

• C) Texts Prescribed, , 1) Native Son: Richard Wright. •• 2} 'Voss'; Patrick White. 3} 'Midnight's Children' : Sahnan Rushdie.

(D) Teaching Strategjes; As fur ENG DC 50/70 and ENG OC 51171, PIG OC 53.

(E) Bibliography: 1. Gates Henry Louis, 'Black LiWralure & Literary 1hoory' Methuen, 1984 2. Ann Rutherford, 'From Commonwealth to Post- Colonial'. 3. Giluri Viswanathiln, 'Masks of Conquest: Literllrl' Study and BTifu;hRule in India' (0 Y P) 1998 Delhi 4. RajeshweriSunder Rajan (ed) , The Lie of the Lar,d, English Literary Studies in India: (0 U P) Delhi 1992

(F) Q. Paper Fonnat. Total 100 Marks Q.I] 20 objective multiple choice type questions '" be set on Topics- Prescribed and the Texl5,: 20 Marks

Q. II] albIc LAQ 20 Marks Jtandom dubbing of the Q.DI] albIc LAQ 20MIlTks lopics without repetition. 20 Marks } Q.IY] a/b/e LAQ

Q. y] a/ b / e LAQ on the Three Prescribed Texts: 20 Marks

» OITIONAL COURSES: NON-QPERATIVE

PART OC'JE: ENG ex: 55, ex: 56, ex: 57, ex: 58 (a), ex: :.B(b), ex: 5B(e),OC 58(d), and OC59 (a) i / ii Iill, ex: 59 {b}i/ .ii/iii ex: 59 (c) i / ii/ill, OC59 (d) i / ii/iii /iv.

PARTTWO: ENG OC 75, OC 76, ex: 77, DC 78 (a), ex: 78 (b), ex: 78 (c), OC 78 (d) and ex: 79 (a) i / ii / iii, ex: 79 (b) i / ii / iii, ex: 79 (e) i / ii / ill, ex: 79 (d) i / ii / iii /iv and ex: 80.

The syllabus outline for the above- mentioned 1,on-operative Part J jlIld Part II Optional Courses (Total 20) will be notified iil due course liS and when, at least one of the PC Centres desirous -- of offering any ONE of the above-mentioned optionals. Th,~P. G. centre shall prepare the SYLLABUS v-' OUTLINE and submit it for approval to the BOS (English), Arts Faculty and Academic Council. No Cour.;e will be introduced without the Prior permission and due approval of the University Authorities.

Let the Flame of Knowledge burn in every Heart.

- -..

, 1'trtftt:-0/'.1;1'. (~~) iCC_ITI : EngR~h Uterary Studies; f<1t11U1'tll1&\'ll1'fUilfi!

~ '""Ii3i~l\;f<1t1lq~eF1¥,,:;'i.Jffcim q.flq~<.;;;: Ji, ~>5/~CO~ 3l.-m l'P.?R:x1 qi<"1l1lC1i<11dq~lartO gtl<.'\!4"iIU', g;:r=r~ q>XU«fCf[ f.ru~~3TI%", ------~------.!!I Topics Prescribed: SFCilO''{ :1 •

1. TIl~OI'Yor Lircl'aturi." anu :Fill~art;;. Illustrative Text. "Aristotles's Theaory 0f j'octry and Fine Arts" Translated with critical noles by S.H.l3utchcr. [Kalyani Publisht:r:>][1993] [FIRST FOUR CHAPTERS oniy] --4 The First Four Chapters are :- ] J . Art and Natu~e II] Imitation as on Ae~thetic Tenn. ,III] Poetic Truth IV] The End ofFirlc Art. f • 2. B:.:dq;rour •.d of Engljgb. Literature, hoe Jllm:1nltive Te,.1:s : t. 81 R.J.Rees : English Literature -' An Introduc-tion for Foreilm Reades' .-, ll},lb.by Ivh:.cMillail, ~1973J f. b] Legous and Cazamions : ' Historv orEn" li~h T,ite.r'lnlk' '.- . "'---- .. -_._------.~ * .. [Pub. by Mac MiHan India Ltd.1981] Only followmg TopIcs arc to be studicd-- I: i] Why do we study Litemtll:e N'.)\'e1. , !!J Deve1opmellt'ofmajor literary fonus: Epic. Tragedy. Com.;dy. 0: Ill]Deveiopmcnt of mi:lOr literary_ forms: LYric~." Short ~to-"._, E"'"'~"""""Y, '--',0-",,_1..):;'''l'"Y...

," 3. Uterarv l\{ov'.m..::r.ls l>.;,": '~'jt'".:~.' i] Thc Metaphysical ~,iJModernism ii] Th(; Augustan Satire vii] Exi~fentiali!;m iii] Romanticism viii] Anger Movement .. iv] Victorianism IX] /l.bsurdism • v] The Pre-Raphaelites xl Posl-modemism IP.•.~~'v.,

'';' 5. Periods of 11tt"rar" Historv. :11A;;e or Shakespeare e] Age ofWordsvmrth •.. :- bl Age ot Milton t1 Age of Tennyson '-'I A.ge of Dryden g] Modern Age dl Age of Popo:: hJ The Post-Modemists

6. Praetkal Critism: IJl;I~tW.ti\\~Poems flUm 'Cnlica! Apllrecmtlons' by Helen Monifies

SFTTlO;'oi - II

Thc:n: are IlO IlH.HJifto,;alions, c_""cpi -:!wllgil1g (he srial llumbt:rs or ilit: TO[1;•...s. ._--.------_. ------Old Seria' Nos New Sep,,\ N'lS . 15'pl{;~;_ _ _ ------~-,- --- - 9~"- 07 !1:pc_m ofLit.eraryi~~ciaii0':_ - --- 10--- 08 ; Stn.tcg'c~ of ~tudying & t""ohi"g l.itemttm: -- -_._------" - ll=~~-' r ead~~ngIechniqlle~JLitelll;!t~.r~ ------_.t---- 09 12----"-. 10 : Testing Audio-Visual Aids: _~ U~einTeach~Liter!:l!ufe _

C] TEACHIl\G STRATEGIES:

DI BIBLOGRAPHY i0 be supported by foliowinA title~ :

i'IJ M.H.Abrams : 'A Olossary of Literary 'J erm~' • 19':H, Pnsm Hooks Pvt. Ltd ;' I fF.d]Roher1 Scholes and Othem: 'F.lement~ ofT ,iterature' !Fourth F.ditimlJ _&"ay, Drama. Film PodJy Fh:t1on' 1999, a.v.p. l:.] (Ed! Margaret [)rabhle and .len))" Stringer: The Concise Oxford c,l\l1panion to EnglJsh Uh;ratur.:' 1990 O.V P. 22 J H. W.Fowl<..'f"and FG Fowler: 'TIle Kind English' [Third Edi, 1 OxJord Cniversity Pre~s, OxlQrd. [L988] ------

"".'11.'M,,""1U', ~~ ~ iWlT,~o:alfCIl\fll'1glfdt

"fft. -.tl. ~ .3fNf_. luGft at""llifl,:j:il"", 3. "f.f« .. "''''''11<1 ~)l1lJl~el~ (lffil>ffi'f) 'il:wr, ~ fwmrm. ~. "1""11'1. rs) ~ ;:Plffi ~. \¥lftr, ",,,,'11<1. l) "".~ lfI!

~) 'lI'$'('jfl~'1.,,1<1[<:')<1,~.