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Descargar En Coordinación general Carlos de la Peña Organización general E.E.A. Concordia - INTA: Carlos de la Peña, Ciro Mastrandrea, María de los Ángeles García, Sergio Ramos, Matías S. Martínez, Javier Oberschelp, Leonel Harrand, Carla Salto, Gustavo López, María Nöel Comparetto. Dirección Nacional de Desarrollo Foresto Industrial: Mario Flores Palenzona UTN Concordia: Natalia Tesón, Sebastián Trupiano AIANER: Hernán Arriola, Paola Velázquez AFoA Regional Río Uruguay: Alejandro Guidici Municipalidad de Concordia: Marcos Follonier Municipalidad de Federación: Daniel Benítez IMFER: Jorge Rigoni, Aldo Colpo, María Julia Buffa CIPAF: Franco Pezzini, Dante Biazzizo Colaboración independiente: Victoria Burgués Comisión revisora de trabajos voluntarios Carla Salto Leonel Harrand Mario Flores Palenzona María de los Ángeles García Sergio Ramos Carlos de la Peña Ciro Mastrandrea Fotografías Pablo Olivieri, Manuel Cellini, Mario Flores Palenzona, Carlos de la Peña Editor General Sebastián Sarubi 3 4 5 Una vez más, pese a las adversidades y al especial momento que nos toca vivir debido a la pandemia de COVID 19, se llevan a cabo las Jornadas Forestales de Entre Ríos, evento que ha posicionado a nuestra región a nivel nacional, reuniendo a todos los actores del sector forestal, no solo de nuestra región sino también de otras provincias, e incluso otros países. Su continuidad le ha permitido ganarse un lugar en el calendario de los eventos forestales de relevancia. Este año nos encontraremos todos los viernes de octubre, en forma virtual a través del canal de youtube del INTA, donde disertantes referentes en diversas temáticas de interés actual harán sus exposiciones, y los asistentes, tendrán la posibilidad de realizar preguntas mediante un chat paralelo. Luego de las charlas principales se expondrán algunos trabajos voluntarios seleccionados entre todos los presenta- dos como Resumen extendido. Cada viernes habrá un eje temático específico en el cual se encuadran las exposiciones de los oradores principales. Así, se desarrollarán charlas sobre Mejoramiento genético y su importancia en el desarrollo del sector forestal; Madera de calidad de las principales especies forestales de Argentina y productos de innovación regional. También se presentará un análisis económico de la actividad forestal en el noreste de Entre Ríos, y se abordarán experiencias de exportación de productos de base forestal. Asimismo, habrá espacio para la presentación de la situación actual y perspectivas de políticas públicas vinculadas a bosques nativos y humedales, y la promoción y el desarrollo foresto industrial, contando con represen- tantes de organismos tanto provinciales como nacionales. Destacamos el compromiso y apoyo de los auspiciantes, patrocinadores y empresas que publicitan en estas jornadas, lo que nos permite seguir brindando año a año este espacio de intercambio, aprendizaje y encuentro del sector forestal, y por supuesto a todos los productores, asesores, docentes y estudian- tes relacionados a la actividad forestal, quienes nos acompañan desde hace 34 años. ¡A todos muchas gracias! Y esperamos que el próximo año podamos volver a encontrarnos, estrechar las manos, darnos un cálido abrazo, y compartir los mates y las charlas que tanto se extrañan ahora! Comisión Organizadora XXXIV Jornadas Forestales de Entre Ríos 6 XXXIV JORNADAS FORESTALES DE ENTRE RIOS Concordia, octubre de 2020 ESTIMACIÓN DE PARÁMETROS GENÉTICOS PARA CARACTERÍSTICAS PRODUCTIVAS EN Eucalyptus tereticornis E IMPLICANCIAS EN EL MEJORAMIENTO GENÉTICO Milena GONZÁLEZ1, Gustavo BALMELLI2 RESUMEN El Programa Forestal del INIA viene desarrollando un plan de mejoramiento genético de Eucalyptus tereticornis para mejorar productividad y forma del fuste. El comportamiento productivo del pool genético se evaluó en diferentes sitios hasta el noveno año. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron: (1) estimar los parámetros genéticos (heredabilidad, correlaciones genéticas e interacción genotipo ambiente) para características de crecimiento, bifurcación y rectitud del fuste, (2) orientar la estrategia de mejora para la segunda generación. La interacción genotipo ambiente para volumen y sobrevivencia fue moderada a baja. El análisis conjunto de los ensayos demostró que la heredabilidad aumentó con la edad de medición para todas las características (0,04-0,23), con valores moderados para las variables de crecimiento y bajos para forma del fuste. Las correlaciones genéticas entre las características de crecimiento a diferentes edades y el volumen al año 9 fueron positivas y elevadas, mientras que las correlaciones entre las características de forma de fuste (rectitud y bifurcación) y el volumen fueron moderadas a bajas. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que es posible realizar una única unidad de mejora y que mediante selección temprana se maximizan las ganancias genéticas, se disminuyen los costos de evaluación y se obtiene semilla mejorada en menos tiempo. Palabras clave: heredabilidad, correlaciones genéticas, selección temprana 1. INTRODUCCIÓN Eucalyptus tereticornis es la especie de eucalipto cuya distribución natural tiene mayor amplitud en latitud: desde de Papúa-Nueva Guinea hasta el sur de Australia (6º-38º S). También tiene una amplia distribución altitudinal, que va desde el nivel del mar hasta 1000 m de altitud en Australia y 1800 m en Papúa-Nueva Guinea. A su vez, se encuentra tanto en áreas costeras como continentales (Brussa, 1994). La gran variedad de ambientes en los que E. tereticornis ha evolucionado constatan considerables diferencias entre procedencias que han sido reportadas en tasa de crecimiento y forma del fuste en varios países (Ginwal et al., 2004, Balmelli y Resquín, 1998, Otegbeye 1990, Chaturvedi et al., 1989). E. tereticornis fue introducido en Uruguay en 1853 y debido a su adaptación a una amplia variedad de suelos, fue una de las especies más cultivadas hasta mediados del siglo XX, principalmente para sombra y abrigo para el ganado, pero también con fines productivos (postes, madera para carpintería y pisos) y energía (leña y carbón vegetal). En 2007, el INIA (Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria) inicio un programa de mejoramiento genético de E. tereticornis con el propósito de producir semilla mejorada localmente, que permita a los productores aumentar el volumen y la rectitud del fuste de sus plantaciones con fuente de semilla evaluada localmente. Con el propósito de contribuir a la toma de decisiones en dicho programa y utilizando información obtenida en las pruebas de progenie de primera generación, en este trabajo se plantearon los siguientes objetivos: 1) estimar parámetros genéticos (heredabilidad, correlaciones genéticas e interacción genotipo ambiente) para características de crecimiento, bifurcación y rectitud del fuste y 2) orientar la estrategia de mejora para la segunda generación. 1 Programa Forestal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Uruguay. [email protected] 2 Programa Forestal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Uruguay. [email protected] 7 1 XXXIV JORNADAS FORESTALES DE ENTRE RIOS Concordia, octubre de 2020 2. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS La información analizada proviene de la población de selección de E. tereticornis del Programa Forestal del INIA. El pool genético está formado con tres fuentes de semilla: bosque nativo (procedencias australianas), representada por 100 familias; plantaciones comerciales locales (procedencias uruguayas), representada por 113 familias y 5 familias introducidas desde Argentina, provenientes del plan de mejoramiento genético del CIEF (Centro de Investigación y Experimentación Forestal). El comportamiento productivo del pool genético se evaluó en cuatro pruebas de progenie instaladas en diferentes sitios. El diseño experimental fue de bloques completos al azar, con parcelas de una planta y 19 a 21 repeticiones. Los componentes de varianza se estimaron mediante modelos mixtos utilizando máxima verosimilitud restringida en ASREML (Versión 3.0) (Gilmour et al., 2009). La interacción genotipo por ambiente se estimó mediante la correlación genética tipo B (Burdon, 1977). Entre el primer y noveno año se midió el crecimiento (altura y diámetro a la altura del pecho [DAP]), la forma del fuste (rectitud y bifurcaciones), la sobrevivencia y el volumen individual. La forma de fuste se midió mediante una escala subjetiva, del 1 al 3 para rectitud de fuste y de 0 a 2 para presencia de bifurcaciones, donde el mayor valor corresponde a árboles más torcidos y en el caso de las bifurcaciones se tomó en cuenta la altura del árbol donde se producían (0= sin bifurcaciones, 1= presencia de una bifurcación hasta la mitad de la altura del árbol y 2= presencia de bifurcaciones a partir de la mitad superior del árbol). Para la obtención del volumen individual (total, con corteza), se utilizó la función general de volumen de un cilindro perfecto, aplicando un factor de forma de 0,4; ya que no hay una ecuación de volumen ajustada para esta especie, se descuenta el 40% del volumen de un cilindro perfecto con las dimensiones del árbol para corregir el ahusamiento. 3. RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN En general los valores de heredabilidad aumentaron con la edad de medición (Cuadro 1), en coincidencia con lo reportado por varios autores (Tambarussi et al., 2015; Molina et al., 2001; Wei y Borralho, 1998). Cuadro 1. Heredabilidad individual en sentido estricto para diferentes características y edades de medición en Eucalyptus tereticornis, estimadas para cada sitio por separado y para los cuatro sitios analizados en conjunto
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