The North Carolina Year Book [Serial]
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The Ku Klux Klan in American Politics
L I B RARY OF THE UN IVERSITY OF ILLINOIS "R3GK. cop. 2. r ILLINOIS HISTORY SURVEY LIBRARY The Ku Klux Klan In American Politics By ARNOLD S. RICE INTRODUCTION BY HARRY GOLDEN Public Affairs Press, Washington, D. C. TO ROSE AND DAVE, JESSIE AND NAT -AND, OF COURSE, TO MARCIA Copyright, 1962, by Public Affairs Press 419 New Jersey Avenue, S. E., Washington 3, D.C. Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 61-8449 Ste3 >. V INTRODUCTION There is something quite frightening about this book. It is not so much that Dr. Rice recounts some of the brutalities and excesses of the Ku Klux Klan or even that he measures the intelligence of those who led the cross-burners as wanting; indeed, those of us who lived through the "kleagling" of the 1920's remember that the Klansmen, while not men, weren't boys either. What is frightening is the amount of practical action the successors to the Klan have learned from it. They have learned not only from the Klan's mistakes but from the Klan's successes. Fortunately, neither the John Birch Society nor the White Citizens Councils nor the revivified Klan nor the McCarthyites have learned well enough to grasp ultimate power. All of them, however, have learned enough so that they are more than an annoyance to the democratic process. Just how successful was the Klan? It never played a crucial role in a national election. The presence of Klansmen on the floor of a national political convention often succeeded in watering down the anti-Klan plank but national candidates, if they chose, could casti- gate the Klan at will. -
Ch 5 NC Legislature.Indd
The State Legislature The General Assembly is the oldest governmental body in North Carolina. According to tradition, a “legislative assembly of free holders” met for the first time around 1666. No documentary proof, however, exists proving that this assembly actually met. Provisions for a representative assembly in Proprietary North Carolina can be traced to the Concessions and Agreements, adopted in 1665, which called for an unicameral body composed of the governor, his council and twelve delegates selected annually to sit as a legislature. This system of representation prevailed until 1670, when Albemarle County was divided into three precincts. Berkeley Precinct, Carteret Precinct and Shaftsbury Precinct were apparently each allowed five representatives. Around 1682, four new precincts were created from the original three as the colony’s population grew and the frontier moved westward. The new precincts were usually allotted two representatives, although some were granted more. Beginning with the Assembly of 1723, several of the larger, more important towns were allowed to elect their own representatives. Edenton was the first town granted this privilege, followed by Bath, New Bern, Wilmington, Brunswick, Halifax, Campbellton (Fayetteville), Salisbury, Hillsborough and Tarborough. Around 1735 Albemarle and Bath Counties were dissolved and the precincts became counties. The unicameral legislature continued until around 1697, when a bicameral form was adopted. The governor or chief executive at the time, and his council constituted the upper house. The lower house, the House of Burgesses, was composed of representatives elected from the colony’s various precincts. The lower house could adopt its own rules of procedure and elect its own speaker and other officers. -
CHAIRMEN of SENATE STANDING COMMITTEES [Table 5-3] 1789–Present
CHAIRMEN OF SENATE STANDING COMMITTEES [Table 5-3] 1789–present INTRODUCTION The following is a list of chairmen of all standing Senate committees, as well as the chairmen of select and joint committees that were precursors to Senate committees. (Other special and select committees of the twentieth century appear in Table 5-4.) Current standing committees are highlighted in yellow. The names of chairmen were taken from the Congressional Directory from 1816–1991. Four standing committees were founded before 1816. They were the Joint Committee on ENROLLED BILLS (established 1789), the joint Committee on the LIBRARY (established 1806), the Committee to AUDIT AND CONTROL THE CONTINGENT EXPENSES OF THE SENATE (established 1807), and the Committee on ENGROSSED BILLS (established 1810). The names of the chairmen of these committees for the years before 1816 were taken from the Annals of Congress. This list also enumerates the dates of establishment and termination of each committee. These dates were taken from Walter Stubbs, Congressional Committees, 1789–1982: A Checklist (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1985). There were eleven committees for which the dates of existence listed in Congressional Committees, 1789–1982 did not match the dates the committees were listed in the Congressional Directory. The committees are: ENGROSSED BILLS, ENROLLED BILLS, EXAMINE THE SEVERAL BRANCHES OF THE CIVIL SERVICE, Joint Committee on the LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, LIBRARY, PENSIONS, PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS, RETRENCHMENT, REVOLUTIONARY CLAIMS, ROADS AND CANALS, and the Select Committee to Revise the RULES of the Senate. For these committees, the dates are listed according to Congressional Committees, 1789– 1982, with a note next to the dates detailing the discrepancy. -
Did You Know? North Carolina
Did You Know? North Carolina Discover the history, geography, and government of North Carolina. The Land and Its People The state is divided into three distinct topographical regions: the Coastal Plain, the Piedmont Plateau, and the Appalachian Mountains. The Coastal Plain affords opportunities for farming, fishing, recreation, and manufacturing. The leading crops of this area are bright-leaf tobacco, peanuts, soybeans, and sweet potatoes. Large forested areas, mostly pine, support pulp manufacturing and other forest-related industries. Commercial and sport fishing are done extensively on the coast, and thousands of tourists visit the state’s many beaches. The mainland coast is protected by a slender chain of islands known as the Outer Banks. The Appalachian Mountains—including Mount Mitchell, the highest peak in eastern America (6,684 feet)—add to the variety that is apparent in the state’s topography. More than 200 mountains rise 5,000 feet or more. In this area, widely acclaimed for its beauty, tourism is an outstanding business. The valleys and some of the hillsides serve as small farms and apple orchards; and here and there are business enterprises, ranging from small craft shops to large paper and textile manufacturing plants. The Piedmont Plateau, though dotted with many small rolling farms, is primarily a manufacturing area in which the chief industries are furniture, tobacco, and textiles. Here are located North Carolina’s five largest cities. In the southeastern section of the Piedmont—known as the Sandhills, where peaches grow in abundance—is a winter resort area known also for its nationally famous golf courses and stables. -
The North Carolina Historical Review
THE NORTH CAROLINA HISTORICAL REVIEW JULY 1958 Volume XXXV Number 3 Published Quarterly By State Department of Archives and History Corner of Edenton and Salisbury Streets Raleigh, N. C. THE NORTH CAROLINA HISTORICAL REVIEW Published by the State Department of Archives and History Raleigh, N. C. Christopher Crittenden, Editor David Leroy Corbitt, Managing Editor ADVISORY EDITORIAL BOARD Frontis Withers Johnston Hugh Talmage Lefler George Myers Stephens STATE DEPARTMENT OF ARCHIVES AND HISTORY EXECUTIVE BOARD McDaniel Lewis, Chairman James W. Atkins Josh L. Horne Gertrude Sprague Carraway William Thomas Laprade Fletcher M. Green Herschell V. Rose Christopher Crittenden, Director This revieiv was established in January, 1924, as a medium of publica- tion and discussion of history in North Carolina. It is issued to other institutions by exchange, but to the general public by subscription only. The regular price is $3.00 per year. Members of the North Carolina Literary and Historical Association, Inc., for which the annual dues are $5.00, receive this publication without further payment. Back numbers may be procured at the regular price of $3.00 per volume, or $.75 per number. Cover: The Kivett Building of Campbell College (originally Buie's Creek Academy) is presently used as a science classroom and student supply store. This was the first building erected after the fire in 1900 and served as the administration building until 1926. It was named for Z. T. Kivett, who burned the bricks bought with "nickels and dimes." The photograph is by the cour- tesy of Mr. Claude F. Gaddy, Baptist State Convention. For a further study of early Baptist high schools and academies see pages 316-327. -
Publications of the North Carolina Historical Commission
b>W<+W AO • \ AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF ASA BIGGS Including a Journal of a Trip from North Carolina to New York in 1832 Edified by R. D. W. CONNOR RALEIGH Edwards & Broughton Printing Co. State Printers and Binders 1915 The North Carolina Historical Commission J. Bryan Grimes, Chairman, Raleigh. W. J. Peele, Raleigh. M. C. S. Noble, Chapel Hill. Thomas M. Pittman, Henderson. D. H. Hill, Raleigh. R. D. W. Connor, Secretary, Raleigh. AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF ASA BIGGS Dalkeith, Warren County, North Carolina, 1 March 1865. For my children. I, Asa Biggs, was born on 4th day of February 1811, so that now I am in the fifty fifth year of my age; and although I have passed through many vicissitudes yet upon a general review of my history I have abundant cause of gratitude and thankfulness to Almighty God for His supporting and directing care and for the eminent success with which I have been able to surmount difficulties and to attain among my fellow men my present distinguished position. I have concluded, my dear children, if time and opportunity are afforded me, to note for your instruction and information some of the incidents of my life, with the hope that this legacy of affection may prove useful and entertaining to you, in the journey of life on which you have entered, and may stimu- late you to a course of conduct in ivhich, on the termination of your journey you may have as much cause to felicitate yourselves as your affectionate father. I shall not write with a view of critical composi- tion, but to detail facts, with such lessons of experience as may suggest themselves as I pass along. -
Calculated for the Use of the State Of
i: m^4- 3n.3M31 H41 A " REGISTER, AND FOR 1835. ALSO CITY OFFICERS IN BOSTON, AND OTHER USEFUL INFORMATION. BOSTON: JAMES LORING, 132 WASHINGTON STREET. — ECLIPSES IN 1835. Tliere will be bvt two Eclipses this year of the Sun, and one of the Monty and a Transit of Mercury, as follows, viz.— I. The first will be of the Sun, May, 27th day, 8h. 48m. evening, invisible. II. The second will be of the Moon, June, 10th day, 6h. Im. eve- ning, invisible. III. The third will be of the Sun, November, 26th day, 5h. 46m. morning, invisible. The Transit of the Planet Mercury, over the Sun's Disk, will take place, November, 7th day, partly visible, as follows, viz. Transit begins Oh. 46m. "^ Mercury wholly entered on the Sun...O 49 / Mo=n *imtx Nearest the Sun's centre 3 21 V^t^n®^®"' Sun's lowest limb sets 4 42 C Transit ends 5 56 j ^ Nearest approach to the Sun's centre, 5m. 34sec. ^fCr The Compiler of the Register has endeavoured to be accurate in all the statements and names which it contains ; but when the difficulties in such a compilation are considered, and the constant changes which are occurring, by new elections, deaths, &c. it is seen at once to be impossible to attain perfect accuracy. He therefore distinctly states, that he declines this responsibleness, and only pre- sents information to the best of his knowledge. 3)7,3 M3 Mil A INDEX. Academy of Music ... 165 Convention of Cong. Min. 123 Agricultural Society .. -
UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Party Formation in the United States a Dissertation Submitted in Partial Satisfaction of Th
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Party Formation in the United States Adissertationsubmittedinpartialsatisfactionofthe requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science by Darin Dion DeWitt 2013 c Copyright by Darin Dion DeWitt 2013 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Party Formation in the United States by Darin Dion DeWitt Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science University of California, Los Angeles, 2013 Professor Thomas Schwartz, Chair This dissertation is about how political parties formed in the world’s first mass democracy, the United States. I trace the process of party formation from the bottom up. First, I ask: How do individuals become engaged in politics and develop political affiliations? In most states, throughout the antebellum era, the county was the primary unit of political admin- istration and electoral representation. Owing to their small size, contiguity, and economic homogeneity, I expect that each county’s active citizens will form a county-wide governing coalition that organizes and dominates local politics. Second, I ask: Which political actor had incentives to lure county organizations into one coalition? I argue that the institutional rules for electing United States Senators – indirect election by state legislature – induced prospective United States Senators to construct a majority coalition in the state legislature. Drawing on nineteenth century newspapers, I construct a new dataset from the minutes of political meetings in three states between 1820 and 1860. I find that United States Senators created state parties out of homogeneous counties. They encouraged cooperation among county-wide governing coalitions by canvassing annual county political meetings, drafting ii and revising a multi-issue policy platform that had the potential to unite a majority of the state’s county governing coalitions, encouraging individual counties to create county- wide committees of correspondence and vigilance, and, finally, organizing a permanent state central committee and regular state-wide conventions. -
H. Doc. 108-222
1854 Biographical Directory County, N.Y., and Wellsboro Academy, Wellsboro, Pa.; stud- Eighty-second Congresses); interment in Forest Home Ceme- ied law; was admitted to the bar in 1847 and commenced tery, Forest Park, Ill. practice in Lawrenceville, Pa.; district attorney of Tioga Bibliography: Boxerman, Burton A. ‘‘Adolph Joachim Sabath in Con- County 1850-1856; during the Civil War assisted in the or- gress: The Early Years, 1907-1932.’’ Journal of the Illinois State Historical ganization of Company A of the famous Bucktail Regiment; Society 66 (Autumn 1973): 327-40; Boxerman, Burton A. ‘‘Adolph Joachim appointed by Governor Curtin paymaster with the rank of Sabath in Congress: The Roosevelt and Truman Years.’’ Journal of the Il- linois State Historical Society66 (Winter 1973): 428-43. major in the reserve corps; moved to Pottsville, Pa., and resumed the practice of law; elected as a Democrat to the SABIN, Alvah, a Representative from Vermont; born in Forty-sixth Congress (March 4, 1879-March 3, 1881); presi- Georgia, Franklin County, Vt., October 23, 1793; attended dent of the Pennsylvania National Bank for several years; the common schools and Burlington College; member of the also interested in various other business enterprises; died State militia and served during the War of 1812; studied in Pottsville, Schuylkill County, Pa., March 12, 1901; inter- theology in Philadelphia; was graduated from Columbian ment in St. Patrick’s (No. 3) Cemetery. College (now George Washington University), Washington, D.C., in 1821; was ordained a minister and preached at RYTER, Joseph Francis, a Representative from Con- Cambridge, Westfield, and Underhill until 1825, when he necticut; born in Hartford, Conn., February 4, 1914; at- returned to Georgia, Vt.; was pastor of the Georgia Baptist tended the parochial schools and St. -
The Halifax Resolves” (See Slide 57)
North Carolina’s Founding Fathers www.carolana.com J.D. Lewis © 2018 – J.D. Lewis – All Rights Reserved Little River, SC Terms of Use: Any or all parts of this slideshow may be used by anyone for any purpose free of charge – with one stipulation. The user must cite “www.carolana.com” as the source and may not alter any material used. 2 Table of Contents Topic Slide No. Quick Lookback at Representative Gov’t 4 NC Quick Lookback (1629 to 1775) 10 NC Provincial Government (1774-1776) 35 NC State Government (1776-1790) 62 Sources 159 Appendix A – NC Founding Fathers by County 162 3 Quick Lookback at Representative Government 4 Ancient Democracies, Republics & Constitutions • Athenian democracy developed around the fifth century BC in the Greek city-state of Athens. Spread to other city-states. • It was a system of direct democracy, in which participating citizens voted directly on legislation and executive bills. This was not considered to be a “representative government,” however. • To vote one had to be an adult, male citizen, i.e., not a foreign resident, a slave, or a woman. • Leaders elected at random by citizens. • Solonian Constitution drafted in 594 BC. Greek Senate c. 450 BC • Indian City State of Vaishali functioned as what would be called a Republic. There were other similar city-states, all in northern India. • Decision making by voting of two primary groups: Martial or warrior class Trade guilds/agriculturists class • Code of Manu issued in 3rd Century BC. North Indian Assembly c.400 BC • Two Consuls – executive leaders • Senate comprised of 300 upper class citizens • Tribune comprised of 10 lower class citizens • Citizen Assemblies (adult males only) • Two-party system – Patricians & Plebians • Leaders elected lower members • Considered to be a Republic • 12 Tables (constitution-like) codified in 450 BC. -
The North Carolina Historical Review
The North Carolina Historical Review Volume XXXI October, 1954 Number 4 THE NICHOLITES OF NORTH CAROLINA By Kenneth L. Carroll During the last quarter of the eighteenth century there existed in Guilford County a group of people known as the Nicholites. This band of believers, who lived near Deep River, was an off-shoot of a larger body which settled on the Delaware-Maryland border. 1 Like those who remained in Maryland and Delaware, the Nicholites of North Carolina took their name from Joseph Nichols, the founder of their religious society. Joseph Nichols, the little-known spiritual leader whose religious call took him on preaching trips throughout Dela- ware, both shores of Maryland, and to Philadelphia, was born near Dover, Delaware, about 1730. In his youth and early manhood his vivacity and humor led many of his neigh- bors to seek his company, so that on Sundays (or first-days as the Nicholites came to call them) and at other times of leisure many of his companions gathered to share in his entertaining pastime. It was at one of these gatherings for pleasure that one of Nichols's close friends was taken ill and died suddenly at the place where they had assembled. This event was credited by Nichols as having awakened his attention, showing him the uncertainty of life, and bringing about a radical change in 2 his character. When his neighbors gathered around him 1 Concerning the Nicholites in Maryland and Delaware, see Kenneth L. Carroll, "Joseph Nichols and the Nicholites of Caroline County, Mary- land," Maryland Historical Magazine, XLV, 47-61; and "More About the Nicholites," Maryland Historical Magazine, XLVI, 278-289. -
The People's Law: Popular Sovereignty and State Formation In
The People‘s Law: Popular Sovereignty and State Formation in North Carolina, 1780- 1805 Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Gregory Scott King-Owen Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2011 Dissertation Committee: Dr. John L. Brooke, Advisor Dr. Alan Gallay Dr. Margaret E. Newell Copyright By Gregory Scott King-Owen 2011 Abstract Between 1780 and 1805 North Carolina‘s government struggled to define the parameters of statehood through its policies. In the creation of the state, petitions from ordinary citizens played a central role in the debate over the people and their relationship to the government. Courted by emerging Federalists in the late 1780s, the people found themselves elevated to a central role in the political life of the state through their petitioning power. By the late 1790s, however, lawyers turned away from the people as a source of power through petitioning and tried to channel grievances through a court system whose rules would protect the purity of process over the substantive claims of petitioners. ii Dedication To Shawn Ἡ ἀγάπη οὐδέποτε ἐκπίπτει iii Acknowledgments The hard-working staff of the North Carolina Division of Archives and History retrieved the more than two hundred boxes of archival material upon which this dissertation depends for its life-blood. Their help and the work of the archivists in saving and organizing the mundane documents of North Carolina‘s early government after the Revolution deserves not only my thanks but the generous applause and support of every citizen of the state.