TOE STANDARD. Man to Whose Efforts They Are Mainly Indebted for Been
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The Ku Klux Klan in American Politics
L I B RARY OF THE UN IVERSITY OF ILLINOIS "R3GK. cop. 2. r ILLINOIS HISTORY SURVEY LIBRARY The Ku Klux Klan In American Politics By ARNOLD S. RICE INTRODUCTION BY HARRY GOLDEN Public Affairs Press, Washington, D. C. TO ROSE AND DAVE, JESSIE AND NAT -AND, OF COURSE, TO MARCIA Copyright, 1962, by Public Affairs Press 419 New Jersey Avenue, S. E., Washington 3, D.C. Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 61-8449 Ste3 >. V INTRODUCTION There is something quite frightening about this book. It is not so much that Dr. Rice recounts some of the brutalities and excesses of the Ku Klux Klan or even that he measures the intelligence of those who led the cross-burners as wanting; indeed, those of us who lived through the "kleagling" of the 1920's remember that the Klansmen, while not men, weren't boys either. What is frightening is the amount of practical action the successors to the Klan have learned from it. They have learned not only from the Klan's mistakes but from the Klan's successes. Fortunately, neither the John Birch Society nor the White Citizens Councils nor the revivified Klan nor the McCarthyites have learned well enough to grasp ultimate power. All of them, however, have learned enough so that they are more than an annoyance to the democratic process. Just how successful was the Klan? It never played a crucial role in a national election. The presence of Klansmen on the floor of a national political convention often succeeded in watering down the anti-Klan plank but national candidates, if they chose, could casti- gate the Klan at will. -
Ch 5 NC Legislature.Indd
The State Legislature The General Assembly is the oldest governmental body in North Carolina. According to tradition, a “legislative assembly of free holders” met for the first time around 1666. No documentary proof, however, exists proving that this assembly actually met. Provisions for a representative assembly in Proprietary North Carolina can be traced to the Concessions and Agreements, adopted in 1665, which called for an unicameral body composed of the governor, his council and twelve delegates selected annually to sit as a legislature. This system of representation prevailed until 1670, when Albemarle County was divided into three precincts. Berkeley Precinct, Carteret Precinct and Shaftsbury Precinct were apparently each allowed five representatives. Around 1682, four new precincts were created from the original three as the colony’s population grew and the frontier moved westward. The new precincts were usually allotted two representatives, although some were granted more. Beginning with the Assembly of 1723, several of the larger, more important towns were allowed to elect their own representatives. Edenton was the first town granted this privilege, followed by Bath, New Bern, Wilmington, Brunswick, Halifax, Campbellton (Fayetteville), Salisbury, Hillsborough and Tarborough. Around 1735 Albemarle and Bath Counties were dissolved and the precincts became counties. The unicameral legislature continued until around 1697, when a bicameral form was adopted. The governor or chief executive at the time, and his council constituted the upper house. The lower house, the House of Burgesses, was composed of representatives elected from the colony’s various precincts. The lower house could adopt its own rules of procedure and elect its own speaker and other officers. -
A Brief History of the First United Methodist Church of Williamston
RIEF HISTORY OF THE ITED METHODIST CHURCH OF WILLIAMSTON, NORTH CAROLINA y by Elizabeth Roberson // SKETCHED BY BAILEY PHELPS >w much [owe to the past that has bestowed upon us Its isures! It an obligation we have to the present as we lome the meeting link between yesterday and tomorrow, at a debt j/e owe to the future, for the truth is that rythlng fir ly centers on us." J. Y. JOYNER LIBRARY I EAST CAROLINA UNIVERSITY DEDICATION This book is dedicated to the founders of this church and to my mother and father. "We want to tell you further, brethren, about the grace of God which has been evident in the churches of Macedonia; For in the midst of an ordeal of severe tribulation, their abundance of joy and their depth of poverty (together) have overflowed in a wealth of lavish generosity on their part. For, as I can bear witness, they gave according to their ability, yes, and beyond their ability; and they did it voluntarily, .... first they gave themselves to the Lord...." II Corinthians 8:1,2,3,5 The Amplified Bible IN MEMORY OF Jesse Stuart Whitley Herbert Stuart Whitley by Elizabeth Whitley Roberson David Stone Whitley Herbert Stuart Whitley, Jr. A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE METHODIST CHURCH IN NORTH CAROLINA The Methodist Church grew out of the evangelical awakening in England in the early part of the 18th Century. This movement was under the leadership of John and Charles Wesley, George Whitfield, and others. While students at Ox- ford, the Wesley brothers would conduct meetings with those people who were interested in developing their spiritual ex- periences. -
North Carolina General Assembly 1977 Session
NORTH CAROLINA GENERAL ASSEMBLY 1977 SESSION CHAPTER 1060 HOUSE BILL 861 AN ACT TO APPROPRIATE FUNDS TO ASSIST THE MARTIN COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY, INC., IN THE PURCHASE OF THE ASA BIGGS BIRTHPLACE. Whereas, Asa Biggs was born February 4, 1811, in Williamston, Martin County, North Carolina; and Whereas, Asa Biggs was an outstanding citizen of this State and nation serving as a member of the North Carolina Constitutional Convention of 1835, a member of the House of Commons in 1840 and 1842, a member of the United States House of Representatives in 1845, a member of the United States Senate in 1854, and as a United States District Judge for North Carolina in 1858; and Whereas, Asa Biggs was an advocate of "States' Rights", resigned his office of United States District Judge for North Carolina in April of 1861 and accepted the office of District Judge in the provisional government of the Confederacy in June of 1861, where he served with distinguished ability until the fall of the Confederacy; and Whereas, both of Asa Biggs' sons, who were born in the Asa Biggs' birthplace, fought for the Confederacy, his older son, William Biggs, was a Captain in Company A of the 17th Regiment; his younger son, Henry Andrew Biggs, was killed the day General Robert E. Lee surrendered at Appomattox; and Whereas, the Asa Biggs' birthplace will be sold in the near future and the Martin County Historical Society, Inc., has been granted first opportunity to purchase; and Whereas, the Martin County Historical Society is in need of additional funds to purchase the Asa Biggs' birthplace; Now, therefore, The General Assembly of North Carolina enacts: Section 1. -
CHAIRMEN of SENATE STANDING COMMITTEES [Table 5-3] 1789–Present
CHAIRMEN OF SENATE STANDING COMMITTEES [Table 5-3] 1789–present INTRODUCTION The following is a list of chairmen of all standing Senate committees, as well as the chairmen of select and joint committees that were precursors to Senate committees. (Other special and select committees of the twentieth century appear in Table 5-4.) Current standing committees are highlighted in yellow. The names of chairmen were taken from the Congressional Directory from 1816–1991. Four standing committees were founded before 1816. They were the Joint Committee on ENROLLED BILLS (established 1789), the joint Committee on the LIBRARY (established 1806), the Committee to AUDIT AND CONTROL THE CONTINGENT EXPENSES OF THE SENATE (established 1807), and the Committee on ENGROSSED BILLS (established 1810). The names of the chairmen of these committees for the years before 1816 were taken from the Annals of Congress. This list also enumerates the dates of establishment and termination of each committee. These dates were taken from Walter Stubbs, Congressional Committees, 1789–1982: A Checklist (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1985). There were eleven committees for which the dates of existence listed in Congressional Committees, 1789–1982 did not match the dates the committees were listed in the Congressional Directory. The committees are: ENGROSSED BILLS, ENROLLED BILLS, EXAMINE THE SEVERAL BRANCHES OF THE CIVIL SERVICE, Joint Committee on the LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, LIBRARY, PENSIONS, PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS, RETRENCHMENT, REVOLUTIONARY CLAIMS, ROADS AND CANALS, and the Select Committee to Revise the RULES of the Senate. For these committees, the dates are listed according to Congressional Committees, 1789– 1982, with a note next to the dates detailing the discrepancy. -
The North Carolina Historical Review
The North Carolina Historical Review Volume XII January, 1935 Number 1 THE TRANSITION FROM THE GERMAN TO THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN NORTH CAROLINA By William H. Gehrke I THE GERMAN PERIOD, 1747-1790 Practically throughout the eighteenth century the Pennsyl- vania-Germans ^ in North Carolina remained German in speech, although, from the beginning of their settlement, a few were able to speak English. John Ramsauer of the present Lincoln County kept a ''Mamberranton" of his journey to North Caro- lina, in which such entries appear as ''August 27 day 1752 to his gorney went . Cot to my gorneys ent to Antry Lamberts tis 6 day of October."- Martin Phifer's knowledge of English must have been considerable, since he represented Mecklenburg County in the General Assembly of 1764. In 1771, the Epis- copal rector in Rowan County declared that frequently such Lutherans as understood English attended his services. ^ On one occasion in 1773, an English traveler in the present Ala- mance County found it impossible to make his inquiries in- telligible, ^ while on a previous visit to this region he had found at least one ''Dutchman" with whom he could carry on a con- versation.^'' In Burke County, "Paul Henkel in 1787 delivered 1 Available records of the small colony of Palatines, who settled in and near New Bern in 1710, are too meager to trace the transition to English. In 1740, twenty-five Palatines (some with Anglicized names, or more probably. Palatines and English) signed an agree- ment to have a chapel built on Trent River "for the use of the high Germans and the Church of England .. -
H. Doc. 108-222
Biographies 589 crat to the Seventy-third and Seventy-fourth Congresses 16, 1831; attended the common schools and was graduated (March 4, 1933-January 3, 1937); was not a candidate for from Keene (N.H.) Academy; moved to Wisconsin in 1853 renomination, but was a successful candidate for Governor and settled near Beloit, Rock County; engaged in agricul- of Montana and served in that office from January 4, 1937, tural pursuits; elected alderman and was a member of the until January 6, 1941; resumed his ranching activities; died first city council of Beloit; unsuccessful Democratic candidate in Lewistown, Mont., May 23, 1955; interment in Lewistown for election in 1880 to the Forty-seventh Congress; appointed City Cemetery. postmaster of Beloit by President Cleveland on August 2, 1886, and served until August 17, 1889, when a successor AYRES, Steven Beckwith, a Representative from New was appointed; appointed secretary of the State agricultural York; born in Fort Dodge, Iowa, October 27, 1861; moved society of Wisconsin in 1885 and served until 1899; elected with his parents to Elmira, N.Y., in 1866; attended the as a Democrat to the Fifty-second Congress (March 4, 1891- grammar school; moved to Penn Yan, N.Y., in 1873; at- March 3, 1893); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1892 tended the Penn Yan Academy and was graduated from to the Fifty-third Congress; retired from public life and ac- Syracuse (N.Y.) University, in 1882; engaged in the pub- tive business pursuits and resided in Beloit, Wis., until his lishing business at Penn Yan and was editor of the Yates death there on March 11, 1907; interment in the Protestant County Chronicle; delegate to the Republican State conven- Cemetery. -
Federal Justice in the Mid-Atlantic South
Federal Justice in the Mid-Atlantic South fish 00 fmt f2.indd 1 4/7/15 3:33 PM Carolina Academic Press Legal History Series H. Jefferson Powell, Series Editor ❦ The Birth of American Law An Italian Philosopher and the American Revolution John D. Bessler Louis D. Brandeis’s MIT Lectures on Law (1892–1894) Robert F. Cochran, Jr., editor Federal Justice in the Mid-Atlantic South United States Courts from Maryland to the Carolinas 1836–1861 Peter Graham Fish Law in War, War as Law Brigadier General Joseph Holt and the Judge Advocate General’s Department in the Civil War and Early Reconstruction, 1861–1865 Joshua E. Kastenberg Gentlemen of the Grand Jury The Surviving Grand Jury Charges from Colonial, State, and Lower Federal Courts Before 1801 Stanton D. Krauss, editor A View of the Constitution of the United States of America Second Edition William Rawle with Foreword, Introduction, and Notes by H. Jefferson Powell Commentaries on the Constitution of the United States Joseph Story with Introduction by Ronald D. Rotunda and John E. Nowak Our Chief Magistrate and His Powers William Howard Taft with Foreword, Introduction, and Notes by H. Jefferson Powell The Fetha Nagast The Law of the Kings Abba Paulos Tzadua, translator, and Peter L. Strauss fish 00 fmt f2.indd 2 4/7/15 3:33 PM Federal Justice in the Mid-Atlantic South: United States Courts from Maryland to the Carolinas, 1836–1861 Peter Graham Fish Duke University Carolina Academic Press Durham, North Carolina fish 00 fmt f2.indd 3 4/7/15 3:33 PM Copyright © 2015 Peter Graham Fish All Rights Reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Fish, Peter Graham, author. -
Publications of the North Carolina Historical Commission
b>W<+W AO • \ AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF ASA BIGGS Including a Journal of a Trip from North Carolina to New York in 1832 Edified by R. D. W. CONNOR RALEIGH Edwards & Broughton Printing Co. State Printers and Binders 1915 The North Carolina Historical Commission J. Bryan Grimes, Chairman, Raleigh. W. J. Peele, Raleigh. M. C. S. Noble, Chapel Hill. Thomas M. Pittman, Henderson. D. H. Hill, Raleigh. R. D. W. Connor, Secretary, Raleigh. AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF ASA BIGGS Dalkeith, Warren County, North Carolina, 1 March 1865. For my children. I, Asa Biggs, was born on 4th day of February 1811, so that now I am in the fifty fifth year of my age; and although I have passed through many vicissitudes yet upon a general review of my history I have abundant cause of gratitude and thankfulness to Almighty God for His supporting and directing care and for the eminent success with which I have been able to surmount difficulties and to attain among my fellow men my present distinguished position. I have concluded, my dear children, if time and opportunity are afforded me, to note for your instruction and information some of the incidents of my life, with the hope that this legacy of affection may prove useful and entertaining to you, in the journey of life on which you have entered, and may stimu- late you to a course of conduct in ivhich, on the termination of your journey you may have as much cause to felicitate yourselves as your affectionate father. I shall not write with a view of critical composi- tion, but to detail facts, with such lessons of experience as may suggest themselves as I pass along. -
Calculated for the Use of the State Of
i: m^4- 3n.3M31 H41 A " REGISTER, AND FOR 1835. ALSO CITY OFFICERS IN BOSTON, AND OTHER USEFUL INFORMATION. BOSTON: JAMES LORING, 132 WASHINGTON STREET. — ECLIPSES IN 1835. Tliere will be bvt two Eclipses this year of the Sun, and one of the Monty and a Transit of Mercury, as follows, viz.— I. The first will be of the Sun, May, 27th day, 8h. 48m. evening, invisible. II. The second will be of the Moon, June, 10th day, 6h. Im. eve- ning, invisible. III. The third will be of the Sun, November, 26th day, 5h. 46m. morning, invisible. The Transit of the Planet Mercury, over the Sun's Disk, will take place, November, 7th day, partly visible, as follows, viz. Transit begins Oh. 46m. "^ Mercury wholly entered on the Sun...O 49 / Mo=n *imtx Nearest the Sun's centre 3 21 V^t^n®^®"' Sun's lowest limb sets 4 42 C Transit ends 5 56 j ^ Nearest approach to the Sun's centre, 5m. 34sec. ^fCr The Compiler of the Register has endeavoured to be accurate in all the statements and names which it contains ; but when the difficulties in such a compilation are considered, and the constant changes which are occurring, by new elections, deaths, &c. it is seen at once to be impossible to attain perfect accuracy. He therefore distinctly states, that he declines this responsibleness, and only pre- sents information to the best of his knowledge. 3)7,3 M3 Mil A INDEX. Academy of Music ... 165 Convention of Cong. Min. 123 Agricultural Society .. -
UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Party Formation in the United States a Dissertation Submitted in Partial Satisfaction of Th
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Party Formation in the United States Adissertationsubmittedinpartialsatisfactionofthe requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science by Darin Dion DeWitt 2013 c Copyright by Darin Dion DeWitt 2013 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Party Formation in the United States by Darin Dion DeWitt Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science University of California, Los Angeles, 2013 Professor Thomas Schwartz, Chair This dissertation is about how political parties formed in the world’s first mass democracy, the United States. I trace the process of party formation from the bottom up. First, I ask: How do individuals become engaged in politics and develop political affiliations? In most states, throughout the antebellum era, the county was the primary unit of political admin- istration and electoral representation. Owing to their small size, contiguity, and economic homogeneity, I expect that each county’s active citizens will form a county-wide governing coalition that organizes and dominates local politics. Second, I ask: Which political actor had incentives to lure county organizations into one coalition? I argue that the institutional rules for electing United States Senators – indirect election by state legislature – induced prospective United States Senators to construct a majority coalition in the state legislature. Drawing on nineteenth century newspapers, I construct a new dataset from the minutes of political meetings in three states between 1820 and 1860. I find that United States Senators created state parties out of homogeneous counties. They encouraged cooperation among county-wide governing coalitions by canvassing annual county political meetings, drafting ii and revising a multi-issue policy platform that had the potential to unite a majority of the state’s county governing coalitions, encouraging individual counties to create county- wide committees of correspondence and vigilance, and, finally, organizing a permanent state central committee and regular state-wide conventions. -
H. Doc. 108-222
1854 Biographical Directory County, N.Y., and Wellsboro Academy, Wellsboro, Pa.; stud- Eighty-second Congresses); interment in Forest Home Ceme- ied law; was admitted to the bar in 1847 and commenced tery, Forest Park, Ill. practice in Lawrenceville, Pa.; district attorney of Tioga Bibliography: Boxerman, Burton A. ‘‘Adolph Joachim Sabath in Con- County 1850-1856; during the Civil War assisted in the or- gress: The Early Years, 1907-1932.’’ Journal of the Illinois State Historical ganization of Company A of the famous Bucktail Regiment; Society 66 (Autumn 1973): 327-40; Boxerman, Burton A. ‘‘Adolph Joachim appointed by Governor Curtin paymaster with the rank of Sabath in Congress: The Roosevelt and Truman Years.’’ Journal of the Il- linois State Historical Society66 (Winter 1973): 428-43. major in the reserve corps; moved to Pottsville, Pa., and resumed the practice of law; elected as a Democrat to the SABIN, Alvah, a Representative from Vermont; born in Forty-sixth Congress (March 4, 1879-March 3, 1881); presi- Georgia, Franklin County, Vt., October 23, 1793; attended dent of the Pennsylvania National Bank for several years; the common schools and Burlington College; member of the also interested in various other business enterprises; died State militia and served during the War of 1812; studied in Pottsville, Schuylkill County, Pa., March 12, 1901; inter- theology in Philadelphia; was graduated from Columbian ment in St. Patrick’s (No. 3) Cemetery. College (now George Washington University), Washington, D.C., in 1821; was ordained a minister and preached at RYTER, Joseph Francis, a Representative from Con- Cambridge, Westfield, and Underhill until 1825, when he necticut; born in Hartford, Conn., February 4, 1914; at- returned to Georgia, Vt.; was pastor of the Georgia Baptist tended the parochial schools and St.