aqua International Journal of Ichthyology

Vol. 12 (3), 10 July 2007

Aquapress ISSN 0945-9871 aqua - International Journal of Ichthyology Managing Editor: Scope aqua is an international journal which publishes original Heiko Bleher scientific articles in the fields of systematics, , Via G. Falcone 11, biogeography, ethology, ecology, and general biology of 27010 Miradolo Terme (PV), Italy fishes. Papers on freshwater, brackish, and marine fishes Tel.: +39-0382-754707 will be considered. aqua is fully refereed and aims at pub- Fax: +39-0382-754129 lishing manuscripts within 2-4 months of acceptance. In E-mail: [email protected] view of the importance of color patterns in species identi- fication and ethology, authors are encouraged to submit color illustrations in addition to descriptions of Scientific Editor: coloration. It is our aim to provide the international sci- entific community with an efficiently published journal Friedhelm Krupp meeting high scientific and technical standards. Curator of Fishes Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Call for papers Senckenberganlage 25 The editors welcome the submission of original manu- 60325 Frankfurt am Main, scripts which should be sent in digital format to the scien- Tel: +49-69-7542.1255 tific editor. Full length research papers and short notes will Fax: +49-69-7542.1253 be considered for publication. There are no page charges E-mail: [email protected] and color illustrations will be published free of charge. Authors will receive one free copy of the issue in which their paper is published and an e-print in PDF format. Editorial Board: Subscription Notice Gerald R. Allen At least one volume (4 issues) of aqua is being published Department of Aquatic Zoology, per year, each issue comprising 48 pages (including cover). Western Australian Museum, Perth, Australia The subscription rate (for one volume = 4 issues) is from volume 12 on: Personal subscription: Euro 75,00 Nina G. Bogutskaya (incl. priority mail); Institutional subscription: Euro 140,00 Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of (incl. priority mail). Subscription enquires should be sent Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia to the publisher at the address given below or by e-mail to: [email protected] Wilson J. E. M. Costa Laboratório de Ictiologia Geral e Aplicada, aqua binder Departamento de Zoologia, Binders for Volumes of aqua are available at cost price Universidade Federal do , Brasil Euro 12,50 (US$ 15.00) plus postage Euro 8,00 (US$ 10.00). Notice: aqua Volumes 1(1)-5(4) = 1st. binder; Axel Meyer Volumes 6(1)-9(4) = 2nd. binder; Volumes 10(1)-13(4) Lehrstuhl für Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie, = 3rd. binder. Universität Konstanz, Germany Special Publication Paolo Parenti Since 2003 Aquapress publishes a series of Special Publi- Department of Enviromental Sciences, cations, which are produced at irregular intervals. All Spe- University of Milano-Bicocca, cial Publications have about 100 or more pages and are Milan, Italy available separately from regular issues of aqua. Enquiries about subscriptions and prices should be sent to the pub- Mário de Pinna lisher at the address given here above or by e-mail to: Museu de Zoologia da USP, São Paulo, [email protected] John E. Randall Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.A. ISSN 0945-9871 Publisher: Aquapress, Redazione aqua, Richard Winterbottom I-27010 Miradolo Terme (Pavia), Italy Centre of Biodiversity & Conservation Biology, Printer: PRINTO s.r.o. - Czech Republic Royal Ontario Museum, Copyediting and layout: Rossella Bulla Toronto, Canada © 2007 aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology

Descriptions of four new shrimpgobies of the from the western Pacific

John E. Randall

Bishop Museum, 1525 Bernice St., Honolulu, HI 96817-2704, USA. E-mail: [email protected]

Received: 13 October 2006 – Accepted: 10 Janurary 2007

Abstract iidés Vanderhorstia de l’Indo-Pacifique sont décrites et illus- The following four new species of the Indo-Pacific gob- trées en couleurs : V. attenuata des îles Salomon, avec 11 iid fish genus Vanderhorstia are described and illustrated in rayons mous à la dorsale et à l’anale, 39 écailles en rangées color: V. attenuata from the Solomon Islands, with 11 dor- longitudinales sur le corps, 15 écailles médianes prédorsales sal and anal soft rays, 39 scales in longitudinal series on (absentes pour les trois autres espèces), et une caudale avec body, 15 median predorsal scales (none in remaining three cinq rayons médians très allongés et plutôt pointus (plus species), and a caudal fin with the middle five rays very uniformément pointus pour les espèces restantes) ; V. prolonged and tapering (more uniformly pointed in auronotata des îles Moluques, avec 14 rayons mous dorsaux, remaining species); V. auronotata from the Molucca 15 à l’anale et environ 55 écailles sur le corps ; V. belloides de Islands, with 14 dorsal soft rays, 15 anal soft rays, and Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée avec 16 rayons mous à la dor- about 55 scales on body; V. belloides from Papua New sale, 17 à l’anale, et 66-68 écailles ; et V. dorsomacula de Guinea with 16 dorsal soft rays, 17 anal soft rays, and 66- Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée avec 17 rayons mous dorsaux, 68 scales; and V. dorsomacula from Papua New Guinea 18 à l’anale, 78 écailles et un corps mince (6,6 de LS en hau- with 17 dorsal soft rays, 18 anal soft rays, 78 scales, and a teur). Une espèce du genre non décrite est illustrée sur base slender body (depth 6.6 in SL). One undescribed species d’un spécimen égaré pour le moment. Le nombre total of the genus is illustrated from a specimen that is now d’espèces de Vanderhorstia est à présent de 17 ; au moins 17 missing. The total number of species of Vanderhorstia is autres restent à déterminer. now 17; at least 17 more remain to be described. Sommario Zusammenfassung Quattro nuove specie del genere di gobide dell’Indo-Paci- Die folgenden vier Arten der Gobiiden-Gattung Vander- fico Vanderhorstia sono descritte e illustrate nella loro co- horstia werden beschrieben und in Farbfotos veranschaulicht lorazione naturale: V. attenuata delle Isole Salomone, con abgebildet: V. attentuata von den Salomon-Inseln mit 11 11 raggi molli dorsali e anali, 39 scaglie in serie longitudi- dorsalen und analen Weichstrahlen, 39 Schuppen in der nali sul corpo, 15 scaglie predorsali mediane (assenti nelle Längsreihe auf dem Rumpf, 15 medianen prädorsalen altre tre specie) e una pinna caudale con i cinque raggi cen- Schuppen (keine bei den anderen drei Arten) und einer trali molto prolungati e affusolati (più uniformemente Schwanzflosse, bei der die mittleren fünf Strahlen sehr stark appuntiti nelle altre specie); V. auronotata delle Isole verlängert sind und allmählich spitz zulaufen (bei den Molucche, con 14 raggi molli dorsali, 15 raggi molli anali anderen drei Arten einheitlich spitz); V. auronotata von den and circa 55 scaglie sul corpo; V. belloides da Papua Nuova Molukken mit 14 dorsalen Weichstrahlen, 15 analen Guinea con 16 raggi molli dorsali, 17 raggi molli anali e Weichstrahlen und etwa 55 Schuppen auf dem Rumpf; V. 66-68 scaglie. Infine, V. dorsomacula anch’essa da Papua belloides von Papua-Neuguinea mit 16 dorsalen, 17 analen Nuova Guinea con 17 raggi molli dorsali, 18 raggi molli Weichstrahlen und 66-68 Schuppen; und schließlich V. dor- anali, 78 scaglie e un corpo più assottigliato (altezza del somacula von Papua-Neuguinea mit 17 dorsalen, 18 analen corpo 6.6 in SL). Una specie non descritta dello stesso Weichstrahlen, 78 Schuppen und einem schlanken Körper genere è illustrata sulla base di un esemplare andato perso. (Körperhöhe 6,6 x in SL). Eine weitere unbeschriebene Art Il numero complessivo di specie del genere Vanderhorstia è wird mit dem Foto eines Exemplars belegt, das nicht mehr ora di 17, ma almeno altrettante rimangono da descrivere. vorhanden ist. Die Gesamtzahl der Vanderhorstia-Arten beträgt damit 17; von mindestens 17 weiteren steht die Beschreibung noch aus. INTRODUCTION Gobiid fishes of the genus Vanderhorstia Smith, Résumé 1949 live symbiotically in a burrow in sedimentary Les quatre nouvelles espèces, ci-dessous, du genre de Gob- substrata with snapping shrimps of the genus

89 aqua vol. 12 no. 3 - 10 July 2007 Descriptions of four new shrimpgobies of the genus Vanderhorstia from the western Pacific

Alpheus. The shrimps (generally a pair) construct scribed in the genus (however, their Vanderhorstia and maintain the burrow. The goby serves as the sp. 4 is now recognized as a species of Tomiyam- sentinel at the entrance, quickly taking shelter in ichthys). the burrow with the approach of danger (Karplus, The new species described below all have cephalic 1987). Because of their retiring habits, these gob- sensory pores as illustrated for Vanderhorstia aurop- ies are difficult to collect. During the period of unctata Tomiyama, 1955 and V. mertensi Klause- 1973 to 1987, the author collected specimens of witz, 1974 by Prince Akihito in Masuda et al. four undescribed species of this genus from the (1984: figs. 117 and 119), with the same nine Solomon Islands, Indonesia, and Papua New pores of the oculoscapular canal and the three of Guinea. One is represented by two specimens, and the preopercular canal (the latter species, however, the other four by single specimens. No additional is undescribed, distinct from the Red Sea V. specimens have been obtained, and with no plan mertensi). The pattern of sensory papillae on the for more material, these species are described here. head is also very similar to that of these two species, The genus Vanderhorstia was proposed by Smith with two near-horizontal series of close-set small (1949) for Gobius delagoae Barnard, 1937 from papillae on the cheek. Mozambique, but without a description. Smith (l. Figure 1 represents an undescribed species of the c.) stated that it is closely allied to Cryptocentrus genus that was collected by the author in northeast Valenciennes, 1837, differentiating it only by hav- Bali from a depth of 23 m in 1990. It was mea- ing the gill membranes completely free from the sured as 33 mm SL and cataloged as BPBM 36706. isthmus. Smith (1959) provided a diagnosis for It has since been lost (Fig. 1). Vanderhorstia and described a second species, V. All of the new species described below have 5 ornatissima, from Mozambique and the Seychelles. branchiostegal rays, 10 + 16 vertebrae, and a dorsal Hoese in Smith & Heemstra (1986) provided the pterygiophore formula 3-22110 (Fig. 1A of Bird- following diagnosis for Vanderhorstia: gill opening song et al., 1988). from rear preopercular margin to below eye; cheek papillae pattern longitudinal; head pores Type A. MATERIALS AND METHODS Scales cycloid or ctenoid. V a disc. D VI+I,12-16; The type specimens of the new species are A I,12-17; P 17-19; LS 47-67. Vertebrae 26. He deposited in the Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Hon- gave the number of species as about eight, noting olulu (BPBM). that the genus is easily confused with Amblyeleotris Lengths of specimens are given as standard and Cryptocentrus, which have a transverse cheek length (SL), measured from the median anterior papillae pattern. point of the upper lip to the base of the caudal fin Shibukawa & Suzuki (2004) described Vander- (posterior end of the hypural plate); body depth is horstia papilio from the Ryukyu Islands, adding measured at both the origin of pelvic fins and the that their assignment of their species to Vander- origin of the anal fin, and body width at the ori- horstia is provisional because of the present weak gin of the pectoral fins; head length is taken from diagnosis of the genus. They recognized 11 species the upper lip to the posterior end of the opercular of Vanderhorstia; however, V. praealta Lachner & membrane, and head width over the posterior McKinney, 1981 and V. lanceolata Yanagisawa, margin of the preopercle; orbit diameter is the 1978 are now regarded as species of Tomiyam- greatest fleshy diameter, and interorbital width the ichthys Smith (Koichi Shibukawa, pers. comm.). least fleshy width; snout length is measured from Four more new species of Vanderhorstia have the median anterior point of the upper lip to the recently been described: V. bella Greenfield & Lon- nearest fleshy edge of the orbit; upper-jaw length genecker, 2005 from Fiji; V. nannai Winterbottom, from the same anterior point to the posterior end Iwata & Kozawa, 2005 from Palau and the Philip- of the maxilla; cheek depth is the least depth per- pines; V. nobilis Allen & Randall, 2006 from pendicular from the ventral edge of the suborbital Indonesia and the Philippines; and Vanderhorstia to the fleshy edge of the orbit; caudal-peduncle opercularis Randall, 2007 from the Red Sea. More depth is the least depth, and caudal-peduncle species remain to be named, as indicated by two length the horizontal distance between verticals at books on Japanese gobies: Hayashi & Shiratori the rear base of the anal fin and the caudal-fin (2003) illustrated seven species as Vanderhorstia base; lengths of spines and rays are measured to sp., and Senou et al. (2004) list 10 species as unde- their extreme bases; caudal- and pectoral-fin aqua vol. 12 no. 3 - 10 July 2007 90 John E. Randall

Fig. 1. Vanderhorstia sp., BPBM 36706, 33 mm SL, Bali, Indonesia (specimen lost). Photo by J. Randall. lengths are the length of the longest ray; pelvic-fin Vanderhorstia attenuata n. sp. length is measured from the base of the pelvic (Fig. 2, Table I) spine to the tip of the longest pelvic soft ray. Mor- phometric data presented in Table I are given as Holotype: BPBM 38734, male, 36.3 mm, Solomon percentages of the standard length. Proportional Islands, Guadalcanal, north side, 11.3 km west of measurements in the text are rounded to the near- Honiara, sand and reef adjacent to wreck of Japan- est 0.05. ese transport ship, 38-48 m, rotenone, J. E. Randall The count of scales in longitudinal series is made and G. R. Allen, 13 July 1973. from above the dorsal end of the gill opening to the Diagnosis: Dorsal rays VI-I,11; anal rays I,11; pec- base of the caudal fin (scales small anteriorly and toral rays 19; scales in longitudinal series 39; median not in regular rows, so counts often difficult to predorsal scales 15; no scales on head except dorsally duplicate precisely); scales in transverse series are behind eye; scales present on prepectoral area; body counted from the origin of the anal fin anterodor- not very elongate, the depth 5.35 in SL; orbit diam- sally to the base of the first dorsal fin; gill rakers are eter 3.2 in head length; third dorsal spine longest, counted on the first gill arch, those on the upper 3.95 in SL; caudal fin long, the middle five rays pro- limb listed first; rudiments are included in the longed into a tapering filament as long as rest of fin, counts. the total fin length 2.15 in SL; pectoral fins reaching Specimens were collected with rotenone and by to above origin of anal fin, 3.6 in SL; pelvic fins just multiprong Hawaiian sling spear. reaching anus, 4.9 in SL; color as in Fig. 2.

Fig. 2. Holotype of Vanderhorstia attenuata, BPBM 38734, 36.3 mm, Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands. Photo by J. Randall.

91 aqua vol. 12 no. 3 - 10 July 2007 Descriptions of four new shrimpgobies of the genus Vanderhorstia from the western Pacific

Table I. Proportional measurements of type specimens of new species of the gobiid fish genus Vanderhorstia as percentages of the standard length.

Species attenuata auronotata belloides belloides dorsomacula Type designation holotype holotype holotype paratype holotype Bishop Museum number 38734 32322 32550 40479 32489 Standard length (mm) 36.3 28.3 40.5 47.7 39.5 Sex male female female male female Body depth (at P2 origin) 18.7 18.0 17.3 14.7 15.2 Body depth (at A origin) 15.5 13.9 15.0 12.5 13.4 Body width 10.9 10.6 10.3 10.0 8.4 Head length 27.0 28.3 26.5 25.6 27.0 Head width 13.3 11.6 11.6 12.3 10.9 Snout length 5.7 4.9 5.1 5.1 5.2 Orbit diameter 8.5 7.0 7.4 6.7 7.4 Interorbital width 1.4 1.8 1.7 2.1 2.5 Cheek depth 1.6 1.4 2.0 2.0 1.7 Upper-jaw length 12.4 13.4 11.5 10.9 11.9 Caudal-peduncle depth 11.8 8.8 7.4 7.1 8.1 Caudal-peduncle length 17.5 12.3 10.8 10.6 11.4 Predorsal length 32.1 32.9 30.7 29.7 30.1 Preanal length 55.5 53.3 52.5 51.7 53.6 Prepelvic length 31.2 28.7 26.3 27.2 27.7 Base of dorsal fins 52.1 54.8 32.0 25.7 58.0 First dorsal spine 10.9 17.9 19.7 22.8 19.9 Fourth dorsal spine 24.6 20.9 32.0 25.7 24.8 Fifth dorsal spine 13.7 14.6 15.8 20.1 20.3 Spine of second dorsal fin 10.6 10.3 9.8 9.7 10.3 Longest dorsal ray 21.5 15.6 13.5 14.8 34.5 Base of anal fin 26.4 34.4 34.5 33.8 7.6 Anal spine 6.9 7.5 8.1 8.5 14.8 Longest anal ray 20.8 15.7 13.8 15.3 33.4 Caudal-fin length 46.3 41.3 32.2 38.2 33.4 Pectoral-fin length 28.8 27.6 24.7 25.7 26.3 Pelvic-spine length 8.3 7.4 7.4 7.5 7.6 Pelvic-fin length 19.5 20.5 22.4 23.7 21.5

Description: Dorsal rays VI-I,11; anal rays I,11; origin 5.35 in SL; body compressed, the width at all dorsal and anal soft rays branched, the last to pectoral-fin origin 1.7 in body depth; head length base (each major branch of last ray divided dis- 3.7 in SL; head slightly compressed, the width 1.4 tally); pectoral rays 19, the uppermost and lower in body depth; snout short, 4.75 in head length; one or two unbranched; pelvic rays I,5, all soft rays orbit diameter 3.2 in head length; interorbital branched, the fifth rays joined medially; segmented space narrow, the least width 15.4 in head length; caudal rays 17, 14 branched; 6 upper and 7 lower caudal-peduncle depth 2.3 in head length; caudal- unsegmented caudal rays; longitudinal scale series peduncle length 1.55 in head length. 39 (some scales missing, especially posteriorly), Mouth strongly oblique, forming an angle of progressively smaller anteriorly; transverse scale about 50° to horizontal axis of body, the lower jaw rows 13; median predorsal scales 15, nearly reach- projecting; mouth large, the maxilla reaching to ing interorbital space; no scales on cheek or oper- below center of eye, the upper-jaw length 2.2 in cle; scales present above opercle but not extending head length; front of upper jaw with four small forward above preopercle; scales as large as body incurved canine teeth on each side, the third pair present on prepectoral area; median prepelvic largest, with an irregular inner row of small scales 8; circumpeduncular scales 13; gill rakers 4 + incurved teeth and a pair of very strongly incurved, 12; pseudobranch with 9 short fleshy lobes. inwardly depressible canines behind the second Body not very elongate, the depth at pelvic-fin front teeth and larger than the largest front tooth; aqua vol. 12 no. 3 - 10 July 2007 92 John E. Randall side of jaw with 13 well spaced slender incurved dorsal spine 2.5 in SL; fourth dorsal spine longest, teeth and a inner row of smaller teeth; anterior 4.05 in SL; last membrane of first dorsal fin torn, third of lower jaw with two to three irregular rows but probably not reaching origin of second dorsal of incurved teeth, the four front teeth on each side fin; spine of second dorsal fin 9.45 in SL; penulti- largest but smaller than largest upper teeth, fol- mate dorsal soft ray longest, 4.65 in SL; origin of lowed medially by a very large recurved canine anal fin below a point slightly anterior to base of (largest in jaws) and a single row of small incurved second dorsal soft ray, the preanal length 1.8 in SL; teeth along side of jaw; no teeth on vomer or anal spine 12.5 in SL; penultimate anal soft ray palatines; edge of lips smooth, the inner surface longest, 6.4 in head length; caudal fin long, the papillose; tongue broadly rounded, its upper sur- middle five rays prolonged into a tapering filament face with papillae; roof of mouth with well spaced as long as rest of fin, the total fin length 2.15 in SL; papillae; no mental flap. pectoral fins pointed, the twelfth and thirteenth Gill opening broad, extending forward to within rays longest, reaching to above base of first anal soft a pupil diameter of a vertical at rear edge of orbit; ray, 3.5 in SL; prepelvic length 3.2 in SL; pelvic gill membranes attached only anteriorly to isth- fins short, not reaching anus, 5.15 in SL; pelvic mus, with no free fold; gill rakers slender, the spine 2.35 in length of longest pelvic ray; pelvic longest nearly equal in length to longest gill fila- frenum torn. ments. Color of holotype in alcohol: pale tan Posterior nostril nearly round, with a slight rim, with four broad diffuse dusky bars on body, one directly in front of fleshy edge of orbit at level of below posterior half of first dorsal fin, two below center of eye, with a large nasal pore directly second dorsal fin, each with a dark-edged pale anterodorsal; anterior nostril a short membranous band in lower part, and one posteriorly on caudal tube, higher posteriorly but without a flap, peduncle, the pigment concentrated to form a anteroventral to posterior nostril nearly midway to midlateral darker spot; a dusky brown spot of edge of snout above upper lip; cephalic sensory about pupil size above base of pectoral fin; two pores typical of the genus; a row of 12 well spaced, faint parallel dark lines extending obliquely across prominent, sensory papillae rimming lower part of cheek and opercle from above posterior end of jaws orbit, commencing behind anterior nostril; a series (the dark edges of an orange band in life); no nar- of 9 close-set, small papillae paralleling upper jaw, row dark streak between maxilla and premaxilla; starting below anterior edge of pupil, then angling first dorsal fin translucent with a large dusky area, horizontally across cheek (13 additional papillae mainly between fourth and fifth spines and extend- counted, but what seem to be remnants of papillae ing broadly onto adjacent membranes; second dor- reach half way across cheek); another series of 9 sal and anal fins translucent with a middle dusky close-set small papillae passing horizontally poste- stripe; caudal fin pale yellowish with a faintly pink- rior from ventral edge of orbit (remnants suggest ish broad middle longitudinal band and broad the series extends two-thirds distance to preopercu- dusky pinkish upper and lower margins; paired fins lar margin). pale yellowish. Scales on body progressively smaller anteriorly; Color when fresh: pale grayish blue, white scales cycloid anteriorly, ctenoid posteriorly, the ventrally on abdomen and head, with four dusky most anterior ctenoid scales reaching to below base bars on body, the two beneath second dorsal fin of third dorsal spine; predorsal scales reaching for- with a dark-edged orange band; a brown blotch ward to within a half pupil diameter of a vertical at larger than pupil just behind upper end of gill posterior edge of orbit; scales on side of nape opening; postorbital head and nape bluish brown extending forward above opercle but not above with oblique, dark-edged, orange bands and elon- preopercle; cycloid scales on prepectoral area as gate spots from below and behind eye onto nape, large as body scales; no scales on fins except base of continuing dorsally on body as two irregular rows caudal fin where present in three rows (counted of small, dark-edged orange spots that are mainly obliquely), covering a semicircular area, the small- adjacent anteriorly and progressively more sepa- est scales posterior. rated posteriorly; dorsal fins pale blue, the first Origin of first dorsal fin above middle of pelvic- with oblique dusky orange bands, the second with fin base, the predorsal length 3.1 in SL; dorsal two broad orange stripes; caudal fin pale blue, suf- spines slender and flexible, none filamentous; first fused with orange, with a broad orange bar across

93 aqua vol. 12 no. 3 - 10 July 2007 Descriptions of four new shrimpgobies of the genus Vanderhorstia from the western Pacific base and a broad submarginal basal orange band; Vanderhorstia auronotata n. sp. anal fin nearly white basally, with a pale blue margin (Fig. 3, Table I) and broad submarginal orange band faintly edged below with pale blue; pelvic fins bluish white. Holotype: BPBM 32322, female, 28.3 mm, Etymology: This species is named attenuata from Indonesia, Molucca Islands, Ambon, Ambon Bay, the Latin meaning “drawn out” or “tapering”, in about 1.5 km west of Poka, sloping silty sand bot- reference to the prolonged tapering filament tom, 20-24 m, rotenone, J. E. Randall, 2 October formed by the middle five caudal rays. 1987. Remarks: The single specimen of Vanderhorstia Diagnosis: Dorsal rays VI-I,14; anal rays I,15; attenuata was collected with rotenone at Guadal- pectoral rays 17-18; scales in longitudinal series canal from a depth of 38 to 48 m without knowl- about 55; no scales on head, nape, or prepectoral edge of its habits, but the species probably lives sym- area; body elongate, the depth 5.55 in SL; orbit biotically in a burrow with a pair of alpheid shrimps. diameter 4.05 in head length; third dorsal spine Of the known species of the genus, V. attenuata is longest, 3.95 in SL; caudal fin long and very most similar to V. macropteryx (Franz, 1910), V. pointed, 2.5 in SL; pectoral fins reaching to above auropunctata, V. papilio, all from Japan, and V. origin of anal fin, 3.6 in SL; pelvic fins just reach- nannai from Palau and the Philippines. All have a ing anus, 4.9 in SL; color as in Fig. 3. relatively stout body for the genus, 11 dorsal and Description: Dorsal rays VI-I,14; anal rays I,15; anal soft rays, and a low longitudinal scale count all dorsal and anal soft rays branched, the last to (range from 27 to 45). Vanderhorstia attenuata is base (each major branch of last ray divided dis- most easily separated from the others by the tally); pectoral rays 17 or 18, the upper two and unusual shape of the caudal fin. Vanderhorstia lowermost unbranched; pelvic rays I,5, all soft rays macropteryx and V. auropunctata have a broadly branched, the fifth rays joined medially; segmented rounded caudal fin, while the fins of V. papilio and caudal-fin rays 17, 14 branched; upper and lower V. nannai have two pointed posterior projections. unsegmented caudal rays 7; longitudinal scale Vanderhorstia attenutata also differs from the four series about 55 (most scales missing), progressively similar species in its short first dorsal fin and its smaller anteriorly; transverse scale rows about 15; distinctive color pattern. It is closest meristically to no scales on head, nape anterior to gill opening, or V. macropteryx in having 15 median predorsal prepectoral area; median prepelvic scales 10; cir- scales (14-18 in V. macropteryx; counts from Ikeda cumpeduncular scales 13; gill rakers 3 + 13; et al., 1995, who redescribed the species). The pre- pseudobranch with 10 short fleshy lobes. dorsal-scale counts for the other three species range Body elongate, the depth at pelvic-fin origin 5.55 from 0 to 11. in SL; body compressed, the width at pectoral-fin origin 1.4 in body depth; head length 3.55 in SL; head slightly compressed, the width 1.3 in body

Fig. 3. Holotype of Vanderhorstia auronotata, BPBM 32322, 28.3 mm SL, Ambon, Molucca Islands. Photo by J. Randall. aqua vol. 12 no. 3 - 10 July 2007 94 John E. Randall depth; snout short, the length 5.8 in head length; scales cycloid anteriorly, ctenoid posteriorly (most orbit diameter 4.05 in head length; interorbital scales missing, so the demarcation from ctenoid to space narrow, the least width 15.7 in head length; cycloid cannot be determined, other than to note caudal-peduncle depth 3.2 in head length; caudal- that two scales at origin of second dorsal fin are peduncle length 2.3 in head length. cycloid); no scales on head, nape, or prepectoral Mouth oblique, forming an angle of about 30° to area; no scales on fins except base of caudal fin horizontal axis of body, the lower jaw projecting; where revealed by scale pockets and one large mouth large, the maxilla nearly reaching a vertical ctenoid scale that lies over posterior end of hypural at posterior edge of orbit, the upper-jaw length 2.0 plate. in head length; front of upper jaw with four small Origin of first dorsal fin over origin of pelvic fins, incurved canine teeth on each side, the two lateral the predorsal length 3.0 in SL; dorsal spines slen- pairs largest, an inner row of small incurved teeth, der and flexible; first dorsal spine 5.6 in SL; third and two inner pairs of nearly recumbent canines as dorsal spine longest, 4.9 in SL; last membrane of large as largest canine of front row; side of jaw pos- first dorsal fin nearly reaching origin of second dor- terior to canines with an outer row of 16 well sal fin; spine of second dorsal fin 9.7 in SL; penul- spaced progressively smaller incurved teeth, and an timate dorsal soft ray longest, 6.4 in SL; origin of inner row of still smaller teeth; front of lower jaw anal fin below base of first dorsal soft ray, the pre- with two to three rows of incurved teeth, the outer anal length 1.9 in SL; anal spine 13.3 in SL; penul- row largest (but smaller than teeth at front of upper timate anal soft ray longest, 6.4 in head length; jaw), ending about one-third back in jaw with a caudal fin moderately long and strongly pointed, recurved canine larger than largest upper canines 2.5 in SL; pectoral fins pointed, the eleventh ray (two on other side, the more posterior largest); side longest, reaching to above origin of anal fin, 3.6 in of jaw posterior to canine with a single row of small SL; prepelvic length 3.55 in SL; fifth pelvic ray incurved teeth; no teeth on vomer or palatines; roof longest, nearly reaching anus, 4.45 in SL; pelvic of mouth with prominent well spaced papillae; edge spine 2.8 in length of longest pelvic ray; pelvic fins of lips smooth, the inner surface papillose; tongue just reaching anus, 4.9 in SL; pelvic frenum present tip rounded, the upper surface and roof of mouth but damaged. with scattered papillae; no distinct mental flap. Color of holotype in alcohol: pale tan Gill opening broad, extending forward to a verti- with four brown bars of one to two scales in width cal at posterior edge of orbit; gill membranes on body, the scale centers within bars pale; first bar attached only anteriorly to isthmus, with no free centered below base of fourth dorsal spine, the next fold; gill rakers slender, the longest nearly equal in three bars below base of second dorsal fin; a semi- length to longest gill filaments. circular brown bar on base of caudal fin; faint nar- Posterior nostril a moderately large oval aperture rower brown bars in spaces between broader dark just before fleshy edge of orbit a little above center bars, and two before first dark bar; an oblique oval of eye, with a slight rim, with the nasal pore brown spot dorsally on opercle; a smaller darker directly dorsoanterior; anterior nostril a short spot above base of pectoral fin just posterior to membranous tube without a posterior flap, upper end of gill opening; a brown (not black) anteroventral to posterior nostril half distance to streak on membrane between maxilla and premax- edge of snout above upper lip; cephalic sensory illa; snout light brown; first dorsal fin light reddish pores typical of the genus; cheek with a close-set brown, especially posterior to third spine, the pig- series of 19 small papillae commencing above mid- ment more on membranes than rays; remaining dle of upper jaw, paralleling jaw edge for 7 of the median fins with pale rays and pale reddish brown papillae, then continuing slightly obliquely down- membranes; paired fins pale. ward on cheek, ending a short distance posterior to Color when fresh: light bluish gray, white a vertical at rear edge of orbit; a series of 11 larger, on abdomen, with four narrow dark brown bars on more widely spaced papillae from a pair below ante- body (scale centers within bars paler) and a broader rior margin of pupil to behind middle of eye; a row fifth semicircular bar at caudal-fin base; three of 10 close-set small papillae commencing between brown-edged orange-yellow lines between dark seventh and eighth papillae of suborbital series and bars on body, and two before first dark bar (poste- passing posteriorly, parallel to lower series. rior yellow lines broken into spots); cheek and Scales on body progressively smaller anteriorly; opercle with dark-edged orange spots, becoming

95 aqua vol. 12 no. 3 - 10 July 2007 Descriptions of four new shrimpgobies of the genus Vanderhorstia from the western Pacific more brown dorsally on head; an oblique dark no scales on head, nape, or prepectoral area; body brown blotch on upper part of opercle, and a elongate, the depth 6.6 in SL; dorsal spines pro- smaller darker brown spot above pectoral-fin base; gressively longer to sixth, 3.95 in SL; caudal fin snout dark brown, the upper lip with a broad pointed and moderately long, 3.0 in SL; pectoral brownish orange band; median fins with brown fins reaching to above anus, 3.8 in SL; pelvic fins rays, bluish membranes, and brown-edged orange- not reaching anus, 4.65 in SL; color as in Fig. 4. yellow bands and spots; pelvic fins white. The large Description: Dorsal rays VI-I,16; anal rays I,17; dark area anteriorly on the first dorsal fin is not all dorsal and anal soft rays branched, the last to present on the specimen (it is the result of black base (each major branch of last ray divided); pec- background showing through a clearer part of the toral rays 18, the upper and lower two unbranched; fin). The dark distal area of the second dorsal fin is pelvic rays I,5, all soft rays branched, the fifth rays also due to this part of the fin being clearer. joined medially; segmented caudal rays 17, 14 Etymology: This species is named Vanderhorstia branched; upper and lower unsegmented caudal auronotata from the Latin “aurum” for gold and rays 7; longitudinal scale series 66 (68), progres- “nota” for mark, in reference to the many bright sively smaller anteriorly; transverse scale rows 19; orange-yellow markings. no scales on head, nape anterior to gill opening, or Remarks: The holotype was collected with prepectoral area; median prepelvic scales 9; cir- rotenone without knowledge of its habits, but it cumpeduncular scales 13; gill rakers 5 + 15; probably lives in association with an alpheid pseudobranch with 10 short fleshy lobes. shrimp, like others of the genus whose habits are Body elongate, the depth at pelvic-fin origin 5.8 known. (6.8) in SL; body compressed, the width at pec- toral-fin origin 1.7 (1.45) in body depth; head length 3.8 (3.9) in SL; head slightly compressed, Vanderhorstia belloides n. sp. the width 1.5 (1.2) in body depth; snout short, the (Fig. 4, Table I) length 5.2 (5.0) in head length; orbit diameter 3.6 (3.8) in head length; interorbital space narrow, the Holotype: BPBM 32550, female, 40.5 mm, Papua least width 15.6 (12.2) in head length; caudal- New Guinea, Madang Province, Tab Island (Pig peduncle depth 3.6 in head length; caudal-pedun- Island), 5°10.3’S,145°50.7’E, lagoon side, silty cle length 3.6 (3.65) in head length. sand, 21 m, rotenone, J. E. Randall, 8 November Mouth oblique, forming an angle of about 35° to 1987. horizontal axis of body, the lower jaw projecting; Paratype: BPBM 40479, male, 47.7 mm, same mouth large, the maxilla nearly or just reaching a data as holotype. vertical at posterior edge of orbit, the upper-jaw Diagnosis: Dorsal rays VI-I,16; anal rays I,17; length 2.3 (2.35) in head length; front of upper pectoral rays 18; scales in longitudinal series 66-68; jaw with three incurved small canine teeth on each

Fig. 4. Holotype of Vanderhorstia belloides, BPBM 32550, 40.5 mm SL, Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. Photo by J. Randall. aqua vol. 12 no. 3 - 10 July 2007 96 John E. Randall side, the lateral pair largest; an inner row of small and subequal, 3.1 (3.9) in SL, narrowly joined by incurved teeth, and two inner pairs of nearly membrane distally, the fourth spine extending free recumbent canines as large as largest canine of of membrane as a short filament; last membrane of front row; side of jaw posterior to canines with an first dorsal fin nearly reaching origin of second dor- outer row of 15-20 progressively smaller incurved sal fin; spine of second dorsal fin 10.2 (10.3) in SL; teeth and an inner row of still smaller teeth; front penultimate dorsal soft ray longest, 7.4 (6.75) in of lower jaw with three rows of incurved teeth, the SL; origin of anal fin below base of first to second outer row largest (but smaller than teeth at front of dorsal soft rays, the preanal length 1.9 (1.95) in SL; upper jaw), ending about one-third back in jaw anal spine 12.4 (11.8) in SL; penultimate anal soft with two large recurved canines, these followed by ray longest, 7.25 (6.55) in head length; caudal fin a single row of small incurved teeth; no teeth on moderately long and pointed, 3.1 (2.6) in SL; pec- vomer or palatines; edge of lips smooth, the inner toral fins pointed, the twelfth ray longest, reaching surface papillose; tongue tip rounded, the upper to above origin of anal fin, 4.05 in SL (to above surface and roof of mouth with scattered papillae; first anal soft ray, 3.9 in SL in paratype); prepelvic no distinct mental flap. length 3.8 (3.9) in SL; fifth pelvic ray longest, Gill opening broad, extending forward nearly to a nearly reaching anus, 4.45 in SL (nearly reaching vertical at posterior edge of orbit; gill membranes origin of anal fin in paratype, 4.2 in SL); pelvic attached only anteriorly to isthmus, with no free spine one-third length of longest pelvic ray; pelvic fold; gill rakers slender, the longest about equal in frenum thin, the membrane nearly reaching tip of length to longest gill filaments of gill arch. pelvic spines. Posterior nostril a large subtriangular aperture in Color of holotype in alcohol: pale tan, front of center of eye at fleshy edge of orbit, with a the edges of scales dorsally on body brown; a series slight rim; anterior nostril a short, slightly tapering, of six indistinct dark blotches along body from membranous tube with no posterior flap, anteror- darker pigment at scale edges; a longitudinal series ventral to posterior nostril, half distance to edge of of 26 very short vertical brown lines (due to darker snout above upper lip; cephalic sensory pores typi- and broader vertical part of scale edges) from upper cal of the genus; cheek with close-set series of 24 end of gill opening to midbase of caudal fin; a (30) small papillae, commencing above middle of black streak on membrane in groove between max- upper jaw, paralleling jaw edge for about 8 pores, illa and premaxilla from below posterior nostril then continuing nearly horizontally onto cheek nearly to a vertical through center of eye; fins pale (obliquely downward), ending a short distance except reddish brown distal ends of longest dorsal posterior to a vertical at rear edge of orbit; a series spines and adjacent membranes and distal end of of 20 larger, more widely spaced papillae rimming middle caudal rays. ventral edge of orbit from behind anterior nostril Color of holotype when fresh: body to behind eye; a row of 10 close-set small papillae bluish gray with small dark-edged yellow spots commencing between fifteenth and sixteenth (faint ventrally), shading to white on abdomen; a papillae of suborbital series and angling slightly row of larger irregular yellow spots, edged in black- upward as it passes posteriorly. ish, above pectoral fin, followed by about 15 short Scales on body progressively smaller anteriorly, brown vertical lines to caudal-fin base; head bluish the scale rows somewhat irregular, especially ante- gray, becoming dusky pink over operculum, with riorly; scales cycloid anteriorly, ctenoid posteriorly, small round yellow spots on cheek, operculum, the most anterior scales with cteni on side of body and branchiostegal membranes; a blackish streak slightly anterior to a vertical at origin of second between maxilla and premaxilla; second dorsal fin dorsal fin; scales cycloid for two rows below second pale blue with numerous dark-edged yellow spots dorsal fin; scales ventrally on abdomen and chest and a white margin; caudal fin longitudinally cycloid; no scales on head, nape, or prepectoral banded in pale blue and yellow; anal fin pale blue area; no scales on fins except for three rows (count- with an apparent dark stripe and faint yellow basal ing obliquely) on broad central base of fin. markings; pelvic fins bluish white. The anal fin Origin of first dorsal fin above midbase of pelvic appears to show a black stripe in the middle, but fins, the predorsal length 3.25 (3.35) in SL; dorsal there is no indication of a longitudinal zone of dark spines slender and flexible; first dorsal spine 5.1 pigment on the specimen in alcohol, and no indi- (4.4) in SL; third and fourth dorsal spines longest cation of a more transparent zone (which, if pre-

97 aqua vol. 12 no. 3 - 10 July 2007 Descriptions of four new shrimpgobies of the genus Vanderhorstia from the western Pacific sent, might explain the dark stripe as black back- lavender; V. bella, however, was collected 8.3 m ground color showing through the fin). and V. belloides in 21 m. Etymology: This species is named Vanderhorstia belloides for its resemblance to V. bella. Remarks: The two Bishop Museum specimens of Vanderhorstia dorsomacula n. sp. this species from Papua New Guinea were long (Fig. 5, Table I) identified only as Vanderhorstia sp. After the description of V. bella by Greenfield & Longe- Vanderhorstia sp. Randall, 2003: 1, cover photo necker (2005) from one specimen from Fiji, the (Lolobau Island, north coast of New Britain). Papua New Guinea specimens were initially believed to be V. bella because of the similarity in Holotype: BPBM 32489, female, 39.5 mm, Papua color pattern. A close comparison, however, has New Guinea, Tab Island (Pig Island), 5°10.3’S revealed the following meristic and morphological 145°50.7’E, lagoon side, silty sand, 25 m, spear, J. differences: V. bella has one more dorsal and anal E. Randall, 2 November 1987. soft rays (the species of Vanderhorstia rarely vary in Diagnosis: Dorsal rays VI-I,17; anal rays I,18; these two counts); more scales in longitudinal pectoral rays 18; scales in longitudinal series 78; no series (about 77, compared to 66-68 for V. bel- scales on head, nape, or prepectoral area; body loides); a shorter snout (3.7% SL compared to elongate, the depth 6.6 in SL; dorsal spines pro- 5.1% for V. belloides), with a steeper dorsal profile; gressively longer to fourth, 4.05 in SL; caudal fin and the fourth dorsal and fifth anal soft rays pointed and moderately long, 3.0 in SL; pectoral longest (penultimate rays longest in V. belloides). fins reaching to above anus, 3.8 in SL; pelvic fins There are also some differences in color. The sec- not reaching anus, 4.65 in SL; color as in Fig. 5. ond dorsal fin of V. bella is described as light yellow Description: Dorsal rays VI-I,17; anal rays I,18; with a distal lavender margin (the fin of V. belloides all dorsal and anal soft rays branched, the last to is pale blue with irregular dark-edged yellow spots). base (each major branch of last ray divided); pec- It should be noted that the small spots on the head toral rays 18, the upper two and lowermost and body of V. bella are pale green in the color fig- unbranched; pelvic rays I,5, all soft rays branched, ures in Greenfield & Longenecker’s (l. c.) paper, the fifth rays joined medially; segmented caudal but described as yellow by them. The green col- rays 17, 14 branched; upper and lower unseg- oration is probably an error in color reproduction. mented caudal rays 7; longitudinal scale series 78 Vanderhorstia bella is described as “overlaid by (anterior scales small); transverse scale rows 17; no lavender in many areas.” There is no lavender on scales on head, nape, or prepectoral area; median the body of V. belloides. If there were variation in prepelvic scales 10; circumpeduncular scales 13; blue vs. lavender of the same species with depth, gill rakers 5 + 15; pseudobranch with 12 short one might expect the deeper water specimen to be fleshy lobes.

Fig. 5. Underwater photograph of Vanderhorstia dorsomacula with Alpheus cf. rapacida, New Britain. Photo by J. Randall. aqua vol. 12 no. 3 - 10 July 2007 98 John E. Randall

Body elongate, the depth at pelvic-fin origin 6.6 the scale rows somewhat irregular, especially ante- in SL; body compressed, the width at pectoral-fin riorly; scales cycloid anteriorly, ctenoid posteriorly, origin 1.8 in body depth; head length 3.7 in SL; the most anterior scales with cteni on lower side of head slightly compressed, the width 1.25 in body body nearly to a vertical at base of sixth dorsal depth; snout short, the length 5.2 in head length; spine; scales in one to two rows below second dor- orbit diameter 3.65 in head length; interorbital sal fin cycloid; scales ventrally on abdomen and space narrow, the least width 10.8 in head length; chest cycloid; no scales on head or prepectoral area; caudal-peduncle depth 3.35 in head length; cau- no scales on fins except for three rows on broad dal-peduncle length 2.4 in head length. central base of fin. Mouth oblique, forming an angle of about 40° to Origin of first dorsal fin above rear base of pelvic horizontal axis of body, the lower jaw projecting; fins, the predorsal length 3.3 in SL; dorsal spines mouth large, the maxilla reaching a vertical at poste- slender and flexible, none filamentous (at least in rior edge of orbit, the upper-jaw length 2.0 in head female holotype); first dorsal spine 6.6 in SL; length; front of upper jaw with three incurved fourth dorsal spine longest, 4.05 in SL; last mem- canine teeth on each side, followed on side of jaw brane of first dorsal fin ending at origin of second with 24 progressively smaller teeth, with an inner dorsal fin; spine of second dorsal fin 9.7 in SL; row of still smaller teeth; small incurved teeth medi- penultimate dorsal soft ray longest, 6.85 in SL; ori- ally at front of jaw, with a large, inner, nearly recum- gin of anal fin below base of first dorsal soft ray, the bent canine on each side; front of lower jaw with preanal length 1.85 in SL; anal spine 13.2 in SL; two rows of moderate-size incurved teeth, the outer penultimate anal soft ray longest, 6.75 in head row largest; two (three on right side) well spaced length; caudal fin moderately long and pointed, recurved canine teeth in an inner row about one- 3.0 in SL; pectoral fins pointed, the twelfth ray third back from front of jaw, followed by one row of longest, reaching to above anus, 2.75 in SL; pre- about 20 progressively smaller teeth; no teeth on pelvic length 3.25 in SL; pelvic fins short, not vomer or palatines; roof of mouth with prominent reaching anus, 4.65 in SL; pelvic spine one-third well spaced papillae; edge of lips smooth; tongue tip length of longest pelvic ray; membrane of pelvic rounded; no distinct mental flap. frenum nearly reaching tip of pelvic spines. Gill opening broad, extending forward nearly to a Color of holotype in alcohol: pale yel- vertical at posterior edge of orbit; gill membranes lowish with series of seven indistinct brown attached only anteriorly to isthmus, with no free blotches passing posteriorly from upper end of gill fold; gill rakers slender, the longest about equal in opening above pectoral fin, continuing as longitu- length to longest gill filaments of first gill arch. dinal row of 17 narrow short faint brown bars Posterior nostril a large, nearly round aperture in (from pigment on scale edges), to base of caudal front of center of eye at fleshy edge of orbit, with a fin; an oblique blackish streak on membrane in slight rim, except posteriorly; anterior nostril a groove between maxilla and premaxilla below front short membranous tube with no posterior flap, edge and center of orbit; fins pale except for a black anterorventral to posterior nostril half distance to spot slightly larger than pupil in middle of first edge of snout above upper lip; cephalic sensory dorsal fin between fourth and fifth spines. pores typical of the genus, with the nine pores of Color in life of an adult individual the oculoscapular canal and the three of the preop- from the Madang Province of Papua ercular canal; a close-set series of 24 small papillae New Guinea: body bluish gray with numerous above and parallel to posterior third of upper jaw, very small yellow spots (one per scale) and a series continuing slightly obliquely downward as it passes of narrow dark red bars of two to three scales in onto cheek, ending a little posterior to a vertical at length along side of body posterior to pectoral fin; rear edge of orbit; a series of 23 larger, more widely cheek and opercle below eye blue with purple- spaced papillae rimming ventral edge of orbit from edged yellow spots; a narrow black streak between posterior to anterior nostril to behind center of eye; premaxilla and maxilla; dorsal fins translucent blue a short row of 6 close-set small papillae commenc- with rows of pale yellow spots, the first dorsal with ing between nineteenth and twentieth papillae of a black spot larger than pupil in middle of fin suborbital series and angling slightly upward as it between fourth and fifth spines; caudal fin and passes posteriorly. outer half of anal fin translucent pale yellow with Scales on body progressively smaller anteriorly, pale blue stripes; pelvic fins translucent pale blue.

99 aqua vol. 12 no. 3 - 10 July 2007 Descriptions of four new shrimpgobies of the genus Vanderhorstia from the western Pacific

Remarks: The holotype and only specimen was in gobioid fishes with comments on gobioid relation- collected with a multiprong sling spear in 25 m at ships. Bulletin of Marine Science 42: 174-214. Tab Island (also known as Pig Island) in the Madang GREENFIELD, D. W. & LONGENECKER, K. R. 2005. Van- Province on the north coast of Papua New Guinea derhorstia bella, a new goby from Fiji (Teleostei: Gobi- idae). Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 56: in 1987. The same species was photographed under- 619-623. water at Lolobau Island on the south coast of New HAYASHI, M. & SHIRATORI, T. 2003. Gobies of Japanese Britain at a depth of 20 m in 2002, but the fish was waters. 223 pp. TBS Buritanica, Tokyo (in Japanese). not collected. This goby lives in association with the IKEDA, Y., NAKABO, T., & HIRAMATSU, W. 1995. snapping shrimp Alpheus cf. rapacida (identification Redescription of Vanderhorstia macropteryx (Perciformes: provided by Arthur Anker). ) with designation of a neotype. Japanese Jour- A second photograph taken at the New Britain nal of Ichthyology 42: 303-310. site shows two shrimps out of the burrow in con- KARPLUS, I. 1987. The association between gobiid fishes and burrowing alpheid shrimps. Annual Review of tact with the goby This photograph was used on Oceanography and Marine Biology 25: 507-562. the cover of the March, 2003 issue of “I.O.P. Div- KLAUSEWITZ, W. 1974. Eilatia latruncularia n. gen. n. sp. ing News”, with a short article in Japanese indicat- und n. sp. vom Golf von Aqaba ing the need for additional specimens. (Pisces: Gobiidae: ). Senckenbergiana Biologica The species of Vanderhorstia most similar in color 55: 205-212. to V. dorsomacula is one from the Calamianes MASUDA, H., AMAOKA, K., ARAGA, C., UYENO, T. & Islands, Philippines illustrated as Vanderhorstia sp. YOSHINO, R. (eds.) 1984. The Fishes of the Japanese Archi- in Allen et al. (2003: 312, middle two figures). pelago. Vol. 1, text: xxii + 437 pp. Vol. 2, plates. Tokai Their right-hand figure, identified as the female, is University Press, Tokyo. RANDALL, J. E. 2003. Vanderhorstia sp. I.O.P. Diving News more deep-bodied than V. dorsomacula. The figure 14: l (in Japanese). to the left is the more slender male. Unfortunately RANDALL, J. E. 2007. Vanderhorstia opercularis, a new they obtained no specimens. Another similar shrimpgoby from the northern Red Sea. Electronic Jour- species, also identified only to genus, is illustrated nal of Ichthyology 3 (1): 18-25. by an underwater photograph in Hayashi & Shira- SENOU, H., SUZUKI, T., SHIBUKAWA, K. & YANO, K. 2004. tori (2003: 159, lower figure). It differs from V. A Photographic Guide to the Gobioid Fishes of Japan. dorsomacula in the broadly rounded first dorsal fin Heibonsha, Ltd., Tokyo. 534 pp. (in Japanese). of very different color. SHIBUKAWA, K., & SUZUKI, T. 2004. Vanderhorstia papilio, a new shrimp-associated goby from the Ryukyu Islands, Japan (Perciformes: Gobiidae: Gobiinae), with com- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ments on the limits of the genus. Ichthyological Research I thank Loreen R. O’Hara for X-rays, Arnold Y. 51: 113-119. Suzumoto for curatorial assistance, and Gerald R. SMITH, M. M. & HEEMSTRA, P. C. (eds.). 1986. Smiths’ Sea Allen, David W. Greenfield, and Helen A. Randall Fishes. xx + 1047 pp. Macmillan South Africa, Johannes- for review of the manuscript. burg. SMITH, J. L. B. 1949. Forty-two fishes new to South Africa, with notes on others. Annals and Magazine of REFERENCES Natural History, (12) 2: 97-111. ALLEN, G. R., & RANDALL, J. E. 2006. Vanderhorstia SMITH, J. L. B. 1959. Gobioid fishes of the families nobilis, a new species of shrimpgoby from Indonesia and Gobiidae, Periophthalmidae, Trypauchenidae, Taenioidi- the Philippines. aqua, Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic dae and Kraemeriidae of the western Indian Ocean. Biology. 12 (1): 39-44. Ichthyological Bulletin 13: 185-225. ALLEN, G. R, STEENE, R., HUMANN P. & D ELOACH, N. WINTERBOTTOM, R., IWATA, A. & KOZAWA, R. 2005. Van- 2003. Reef Fish Identification Tropical Pacific. 457 pp. derhorstia nannai, a new species of burrow-associated New World Publications, Jacksonville, FL. goby from Palau and the Philippines (Pisces: Gobiidae). BIRDSONG, R. S., MURDY, E. O. & PEZOLD, F. L. 1988. A aqua, Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology 9 (3): study of the vertebral column and median fin osteology 109-114.

aqua vol. 12 no. 3 - 10 July 2007 100 aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology

Hoplolatilus erdmanni, a new species of sand tilefish (Pisces: Malacanthidae) from western New Guinea

Gerald R. Allen

Department of Aquatic Zoology, Western Australian Museum, Locked Bag 49, Welshpool DC, Perth, Western Australia 6986. E-mail: [email protected]

Received: 19 February 2007 – Accepted: 12 May 2007

Abstract velle-Guinée), Indonésie. Près de 15 individus ont été Hoplolatilus erdmanni is described on the basis of two observés sur des débris en pente douce, à des profondeurs specimens, 129.8-137.2 mm standard length, collected in de 42 à 60 m. Les poissons évoluaient en solitaire, en cou- the vicinity of Triton Bay, Irian Jaya Barat Province (west- ple ou en trios, généralement très près de grands amas de ern New Guinea), Indonesia. Approximately 15 individu- débris qu’ils érigent. L’espèce se rapproche le plus de H. als were observed on gentle rubble slopes at depths of 42 fronticinctus qui est largement distribué dans l’Indo-Paci- to 60 m. The fish were seen solitarily, in pairs, or in trios fique occidental et central. La nouvelle espèce se distingue generally in close proximity to large rubble mounds, which par un nombre moins élévé d’écailles sur la ligne latérale they construct. It is most similar to H. fronticinctus, a ainsi que par plusieurs détails du patron de coloration qui wide-ranging Indo-west and central Pacific species. The conprennent de 15 à 17 barres brun rougeâtre sur le flanc, new taxon differs in having fewer lateral-line scales as well une ligne à angle oblique, jaune-orange à liserés bleus, der- as several colour pattern features that include about 15 to rière l’oeil, une fine ligne bleur sur l’opercule, une zone 17 reddish-brown bars on the side, an obliquely angled, bleu néon sur tout le pédoncule caudal et des rayons cen- blue-edged yellow-orange stripe behind the eye, a thin blue traux de la caudale d’un rouge vif. stripe across the operculum, a neon blue region across the entire caudal peduncle, and vivid red central caudal fin- Sommario rays. Hoplolatilus erdmanni è descritto sulla base di due esem- plari di 129.8-137.2 mm di lunghezza standard, raccolti nel- Zusammenfassung le vicinanze di Triton Bay, Irian Jaya Barat Province (Nuova Hoplolatilus erdmanni wird auf der Grundlage anhand von Guinea occidentale), Indonesia. Altri individui (circa 15) so- zwei Exemplaren mit 129,8-137,2 mm Standardlänge no stati osservati lungo la parete della scarpata continentale beschrieben, die in der Nähe der Triton-Bucht, Provinz Irian a profondità comprese tra i 42 e i 60 m. I pesci si presentava- Jaya Barat (West-Neuguinea), Indonesien, gefangen wur- no solitari, a coppie o in gruppi di tre generalmente presso den. Rund 15 Exemplare wurden über einem flachen larghi tumuli di pietrisco, che essi stessi costruivano. La nuo- Geröllhang in Tiefen von 42 bis 60 Metern beobachtet. Die va specie è molto simile a H. fronticinctus, una forma ampia- Tiere traten einzeln, paarweise oder in Dreiergruppen auf, mente diffusa nell’Indo-Pacifico occidentale e nel Pacifico gewöhnlich in unmittelbarer Nähe großer Steinhaufen, die centrale. Ne differisce per avere un minor numero di scaglie sie selber errichten. Diese neue Art ähnelt sehr, in erster in linea laterale ma anche per molti caratteri distintivi della Linie, H. fronticinctus, einer weit verbreiteten Art aus dem colorazione che includono 15-17 bande bruno rossastre sui Indischen Ozean und dem zentralen Pazifik. Sie unterschei- fianchi, una striatura obliqua di colore giallo-arancio con det sich aber durch eine geringere Zahl an Schuppen in der margine blu dietro l’occhio, una sottile stria blu che attra- Seitenlinie und durch mehrere Farbmerkmale: 15 bis 17 versa l’opercolo, una regione blu neon che attraversa l’intero rötlich-braune Streifen an der Seite, ein schräger gelb- peduncolo caudale e, infine, raggi caudali centrali di color orangefarbener Streifen mit blauem Rand hinter dem Auge, rosso vivo. ein dünner blauer Streifen über dem Kiemendeckel, ein neonblauer Farbbereich über den gesamten Schwanzstiel INTRODUCTION hinweg sowie lebhaft rote mittlere Schwanzflossenstrahlen. The circumtropical family Malacanthidae, popu- Résumé larly known as tilefishes, is divisible into two sub- Hoplolatilus erdmanni est décrit sur base de deux spéci- families: Latilinae and Malacanthinae (Nelson mens, 129,8-137,2 mm de LS, collectés à proximité de Tri- 2006). The latter group contains two genera, ton Bay, province de Barat, en Irian Jaya (ouest de la Nou- Malacanthus Cuvier, 1829 and Hoplolatilus Gün-

101 aqua vol. 12 no. 3 - 10 July 2007 Hoplolatilus erdmanni, a new species of sand tilefish (Pisces: Malacanthidae) from western New Guinea ther, 1887, which are common over sand and rub- sighted on rubble bottoms between 42-60 m. Erd- ble bottoms in the vicinity of coral reefs. All of the mann succeeded in spearing one specimen on this known species, except for M. plumieri (Bloch, occasion and another was obtained during a sec- 1786) of the Atlantic, are distributed in the Indo- ond visit to the area in January 2007. west and central Pacific region. The genus Hoplo- latilus largely escaped attention until the advent of MATERIALS AND METHODS scientific scuba diving due to its relatively deep Lengths of specimens are given as standard length dwelling habits. These long, slender fishes typically (SL) measured from the anterior end of the upper hover above burrows, which they construct in soft lip to the base of the caudal fin (posterior edge of substrates. hypural plate); head length (HL) is measured from Randall & Dooley (1974) provided the first taxo- the same anterior point to the posterior edge of the nomic revision of Hoplolatilus, recognizing the fol- opercular flap; head depth is measured at the level lowing five species (general distribution indicated of the posterior margin of the preopercle; cheek in parentheses): H. cuniculus Randall & Dooley, depth is measured vertically from the lower rim of 1974 (widespread Indo-west and central Pacific), the orbit to the lower margin of the preopeculum; H. fourmanoiri Smith, 1963 (Vietnam to Solomon opercular length is measured from posterior mar- Islands), H. fronticinctus Günther, 1887 (wide- gin of the preoperculum horizontally to the tip of spread Indo-west Pacific), H. oreni Clark & Ben- the opercular spine; suborbital depth is measured Tuvia, 1973 (Red Sea), and H. starcki Randall & vertically from the lower rim of the orbit to the Dooley, 1974 (widespread western and central ventral edge of the head; body depth is the maxi- Pacific). Randall (1981) published a second review mum depth taken vertically between the belly and paper in which three additional species were base of the dorsal spines; body width is the maxi- included: H. chlupatyi Klausewitz, McCosker, Ran- mum width just posterior to the gill opening; dall & Zetzsche, 1978 (Philippines), H. marcosi snout length is measured from the anterior end of Burgess, 1978 (Philippines and Indonesia to the upper lip to the anterior edge of the eye; orbit Solomon Islands), and H. purpureus Burgess, 1978 diameter is the horizontal fleshy diameter, and (Philippines and Indonesia to Solomon Islands. interorbital width the least fleshy width; upper jaw The most recent in-depth treatment of the genus length is taken from the front of the upper lip to was published by Earle & Pyle (1997) in their the posterior end of the maxilla; caudal peduncle description of a new species, H. pohle from south- depth is the least depth, and caudal peduncle eastern Papua New Guinea. They provided a table length is the horizontal distance between verticals comparing important diagnostic features for the 10 at the rear base of the anal fin and the caudal fin species mentioned above as well as H. luteus Allen base; caudal fin length is the horizontal length & Kuiter, 1989 from eastern Indonesia. They also from the posterior edge of the hypural plate to a discussed an additional species, H. geo Fricke & vertical at the tip of the longest ray; pectoral fin Kacher, 1982, described from the Red Sea without length is the length of the longest ray; pelvic fin type specimens on the basis of photographs taken length is measured from the base of the pelvic spine from a submersible. Coverage of the family was to the tip of the longest soft ray. Only the pored also provided by Dooley (1999), who included a scales are counted in the lateral-line between the synopsis of defining characters and an illustrated upper edge of the operculum and the hypural key to the species occurring in the western Pacific crease (excludes three pored scales on caudal-fin with the exception of H. luteus and H. pohle. base). Gill raker counts are presented as separate Earle & Pyle (1997) prophetically suggested that counts for the upper and lower limbs as well as a more new species would likely be discovered in the combined count. The last fin ray element of the future due to the inadequately collected deep sand dorsal and anal fins is branched near the base and and rubble habitat that is typical for the genus. The is counted as a single ray. present paper describes the twelfth known member Counts and proportions appearing in parentheses of the genus, which was first noticed by Mark Erd- apply to the paratype if different from the holo- mann during a Conservation International marine type. If counts of bilateral characters differ on each biological survey in the vicinity of Triton Bay, Irian side the values are separated by a slash and given as Jaya Barat Province (southwest New Guinea) of left/right. Vertebral counts were obtained from Indonesia in April 2006. Eight individuals were radiographs of both specimens. Proportional mea- aqua vol. 12 no. 3 - 10 July 2007 102 Gerald R. Allen surements expressed as percentage of the standard fin 21 (22); scales below lateral line to origin of length are provided in Table I. Type specimens are anal fin 33 (36); vertebrae 10 +14. deposited at Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Body moderately elongate, compressed, its great- Oseanologi, Jakarta, Indonesia (NCIP) and the est depth 3.7 (3.5) in SL; greatest body width 2.0 Western Australian Museum, Perth (WAM). (1.9) in greatest depth; caudal peduncle depth 2.3, caudal peduncle length 1.6 (1.7), both in HL; head SYSTEMATICS blunt, its length 3.6 (3.7) in SL; head depth 1.2 in HL; snout length 3.9 (3.8) in HL; upper jaw Hoplolatilus erdmanni n. sp. length 2.2 in HL; cheek depth 4.3 (4.8) in HL; Triton Tilefish (Figs 1-2; Table I) opercular length 3.1 (3.1) in HL; snout to vertical margin of preopercle 1.4 (1.3) in HL; orbit diam- Holotype: NCIP 6315, 137.2 mm SL, Northwest eter 3.8 (4.1) in HL; suborbital depth 4.0 (3.4) in entrance to Selat Iris, 03°53.757’S 134°06.638’E, HL; fleshy interorbital width 2.8 (2.9) in HL. near Triton Bay, Irian Jaya Barat Province, Indone- Mouth inferior, oblique, extending ventro-poste- sia, 55 m, spear, M.V. Erdmann, 25 April 2006. riorly at approximately 28-29 degree angle below Paratype: WAM P.32860-012, 129.8 mm SL, horizontal axis of body; maxilla reaching vertical Northwest entrance to Selat Iris 03°53.757’S about midway between middle of orbit and poste- 134°06.638’E, near Triton Bay, Irian Jaya Barat rior rim of pupil; front of upper jaw with 2-3 Province, Indonesia, 52 m, spear, M.V. Erdmann, enlarged, curved canines on each side of symph- 30 January 2007. ysis; 4-5 irregular rows of tiny villiform teeth at Diagnosis: The new species differs from its con- front of jaws, posterior to canines, tapering to 1-2 geners in having fewer lateral-line scales; about 15 rows along side of jaw; posteriormost tooth much to 17 reddish-brown bars on the side; an obliquely enlarged and directed anteriorly; lower jaw with angled, blue-edged yellow-orange stripe behind the 18-19 enlarged conical teeth in outer row, posteri- eye; a thin blue stripe across the operculum; a neon ormost tooth enlarged and directed anteriorly; 3-4 blue region across the entire caudal peduncle, and irregular rows of tiny villiform teeth at front of vivid red central caudal fin-rays. jaws, posterior to enlarged outer row teeth, taper- Description: Dorsal rays X,13 (IX,14); anal rays ing to 1-2 rows along side of jaw; palatine, vomer, II, 12; pectoral rays 16/17 (17); principal caudal- and tongue edentate. A pronounced wart-like pro- fin rays 17; gill rakers 8 + 19 = 27 (8 + 18 = 26); jection of white skin on inner edge of clavicle pored lateral-line scales 80/76 (81/84); transverse under operculum near pectoral-fin base. cheek scale rows 11 (12); transverse opercular scale Lateral-line pores in low arching profile; pores of rows 10; scales above lateral line to origin of dorsal cephalic system clearly visible, arranged in pattern

Fig. 1. Hoplolatilus erdmanni, freshly collected male holotype, 137.2 mm SL, near Triton Bay, Irian Jaya Barat Province, Indonesia. Photo by G. R. Allen.

103 aqua vol. 12 no. 3 - 10 July 2007 Hoplolatilus erdmanni, a new species of sand tilefish (Pisces: Malacanthidae) from western New Guinea similar to that of H. fronticinctus as illustrated by short anal spines, the first rudimentary, its length Randall & Dooley (1974), including 4 pores on 2.5 (2.2) in length of second spine; branching of each dentary, 6 pores on preopercular margin, 8 first soft anal ray barely detectable, remaining rays pores in area immediately above preoperculum- becoming increasingly branched posteriorly, last operculum, 9 circumorbital pores, and 4 supraor- ray branched at base; penultimate soft anal ray bital-snout pores; median interorbital pore absent; notably longer than adjacent rays, length 2.0 in preoperculum with 17/14 (19/17) serrae, includ- HL; pectoral fins pointed, reaching a vertical at ing enlarged spine at preopercular angle; opercular base of first dorsal soft ray; length of longest pec- spine flat, broad-based, slight double curvature, toral ray 3.7 (3.8) in SL; all but uppermost pectoral roughly forming equilateral triangle with concave ray branched; stout upper ray about one-third sides and thickened centre, less than pupil diame- length of longest pectoral ray; pelvic fins more or ter in length, not extending beyond opercular less pointed, their origin slightly anterior to lower membrane; scales extending anterior on head to pectoral-fin base, length 6.9 (6.6) in SL, reaching level of posterior rim of orbit; scales generally two-thirds length of pectoral fins; pelvic-fin spine ctenoid, except mostly cycloid and smaller on head about two-thirds length of longest pelvic ray; all region; most of caudal fin scaled, remaining fins pelvic-fin rays branched; caudal fin emarginate, its naked except pectoral-fin base with small scales. length 4.4 (4.9) in SL; upper and lowermost prin- Dorsal fin nearly uniform in height except for cipal caudal rays unbranched, remaining principal lower anterior spinous portion; base of dorsal fin rays branched. 1.7 in SL; origin of dorsal fin over upper pectoral Colour of holotype when fresh (Fig. fin base; predorsal length 3.1 (3.3) in SL ; dorsal 1): head and body generally blue grey, darker dor- spines thin, short, increasing in length; first spine sally (especially on head and anterior body); about about one-third length of fourth spine; last dorsal 15 diffuse, yellow bars along dorsal half of body; a spine 3.3 (3.5) in HL; soft portion of dorsal fin broad, blue-edged yellowish-white stripe from nearly uniform in height; first soft ray slightly snout to lower edge of eye, then angling upward to ahead of level of anus; first soft dorsal ray upper margin of preoperculum; cheek mauve; unbranched, remaining rays becoming increasingly anterior portion of lower operculum bright blue; a branched posteriorly, last ray branched at base; yellowish band extending posteriorly from upper penultimate soft dorsal ray notably longer than rear part of eye to region immediately above pec- adjacent rays, length 1.5 in HL; anal fin nearly uni- toral fin base; lips charcoal or dark grey; belly and form in height, rays slightly shorter than dorsal-fin thoracic region yellowish white; dorsal, anal, and rays; base of anal fin 3.5 (3.4) in SL; origin of fin caudal fins yellow-orange; tip of upper caudal-fin below base of first or second dorsal soft ray; two lobe whitish, separated from yellow-orange colour

Fig. 2. Underwater photograph of Hoplolatilus erdmanni, approximately 160 mm TL, 52 m depth, near Triton Bay, Irian Jaya Barat Province, Indonesia. Photo by G. R. Allen. aqua vol. 12 no. 3 - 10 July 2007 104 Gerald R. Allen of fin by diagonal brownish band, which continues about 15 narrow brown bars along dorsal two- along dorsal margin of fin to base; pectoral and thirds of body; relatively broad whitish stripe from pelvic fins translucent whitish except uppermost snout to lower edge of eye and continuing behind pectoral ray dusky blackish. eye (although faint) to upper margin of preopercu- Colour in life (Fig. 2): upper half of head lum, its upper and lower margins dark grey, espe- and adjacent antero-dorsal portion of body gener- cially pronounced on upper margin of snout stripe; ally grey, grading to brown along base of posterior fins translucent whitish except for narrow blackish half of dorsal fin; about 17, ventrally tapering red- band along distal margin of dorsal fin and dusky dish-brown bars on side, extending just below mid- grey rays adjacent to dorsal and ventral margins of lateral axis, interspersed with anteriorly-tapering caudal fin; also a diagonal band of grey across dor- bluish-white bars of about equal width, posterior- sal lobe of caudal fin that is confluent with dusky most 2-3 light and dark bars very faint and diffuse; grey dorsal edge of fin. lower half of head and side white to bluish-white Remarks: Although admittedly lacking genetic except caudal peduncle which is brilliant neon evidence, Earle & Pyle (1997) suggested that blue, more intense on upper half; a blue-edged, Hoplolatilus was divisible into three groups based yellow-orange stripe from snout to lower edge of on selected meristic and morphological features. eye, then angling upward to upper margin of pre- The first group containing H. chlupatyi, H. fron- operculum, continued posteriorly as thin blue ticinctus, H. geo, and H. pohle have relatively few stripe to lower base of opercular spine; blue margin soft dorsal and anal rays (usually 13 and 12 respec- on edge of operculum above opercular spine; lips tively), generally fewer lateral-line scales (81-97), and cheek pale blue; dorsal fin red with narrow fewer preopercular serrae (1-21) and a relatively blue margin; anal fin light blue on basal portion deeper body (3.4-4.1 in SL, except 5.1-5.6 in H. grading to reddish on most of fin; caudal fin red chlupatyi). Members of this group are also known centrally grading to pale brown or dusky yellowish to construct impressively large mounds at the on upper and lower edges; pelvic fins whitish to entrance to their burrows, sometimes approaching blue-white on anterior edge grading to translucent 1 m in height and 2-3 m in diameter. Hoplolatilus posteriorly; pectoral fins translucent whitish except geo is provisionally placed in the group on the basis uppermost pectoral ray neon blue and narrow, ven- of photographic evidence (no specimens have been trally tapered wedge of yellow-orange on upper collected). base of fin; a bluish area behind opercular spine, The second group contains H. fourmanoiri, H. immediately above upper origin of pectoral fin. luteus, and H. oren. It is characterised by a high Colour in alcohol: head and body greyish number of soft dorsal and anal rays (21-23 and 18- brown, darker dorsally with very faint indication of 20 respectively), moderately high number of lat-

Fig. 3. Underwater photograph of Hoplolatilus fronticinctus, approximately 160 mm TL, 40 m depth, Triton Bay, Irian Jaya Barat Province, Indonesia. Photo by G. R. Allen.

105 aqua vol. 12 no. 3 - 10 July 2007 Hoplolatilus erdmanni, a new species of sand tilefish (Pisces: Malacanthidae) from western New Guinea eral-lines scales (92-106), relatively few gill rakers fronticinctus, H. luteus, H. cuniculus, H. marcosi, H. on the first arch (16-19), and a slender body (4.9- pohle, and H. purpureus. Surprisingly, H. starcki, 6.3 in SL). It may also differ in usually having 11 which is generally common throughout eastern rather than 10 precaudal vertebrae, although the Indonesia, was not seen. There is a certain degree single known specimen of H. luteus has 10. of depth zonation for the various species with H. The third group containing H. cuniculus, H. mar- cuniculus occurring between about 30-40 m, H. cosi, H. purpureus, and H. starcki has a combina- fronticinctus in about 40-50 m, and the remaining tion of features that include III to IX rather than X species including H. erdmanni below 50 m. The dorsal spines, 16-34 soft dorsal rays, 14-20 soft deepest dwelling member of the group, H. pohle, anal rays, 95-140 lateral-line scales, 20-27 gill rak- was mainly seen below about 55 m. There was no ers, and 27-58 preopercular serrae. suggestion of behavioural interaction between the The new species is clearly a member of the first morphologically similar H. erdmanni and H. fron- group based on its combination of 13 soft dorsal ticinctus, which were always seen in conspecific rays, 12 soft anal rays, 76-84 lateral-line scales, 26- groups. 27 gill rakers on the first arch, 14-19 preopercular Etymology: The species is named erdmanni in serrae, and relatively deep body (3.5-3.7 in SL). honour of Mark V. Erdmann, who was the first to The paratype, which has IX dorsal spines and 14 observe this species and collector of the type speci- soft rays, is probably aberrant in this respect. A mens. He has also generously assisted with the count of X,13 is also apparent on an uncollected author’s ichthyological investigations of the Bird’s individual photographed at the type locality. Mor- Head Peninsula of western New Guinea. phologically H. erdmanni is most similar to H. fronticinctus (Fig. 3). They differ mainly in the ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS number of lateral line scales (76-84 for H. erd- I am especially grateful to Conservation Interna- manni versus 85-92), although it is difficult to fully tional and the Indonesian Department of Nature assess this feature on the basis of only two speci- Conservation (PHKA) for sponsoring the 2006 mens. However, the two species exhibit several expedition and especially to the Walton Family important colour pattern differences including the Foundation for their interest and generous support presence of about 15-17 reddish-brown bars in H. of CI’s Bird’s Head Seascape marine conservation erdmanni (body plain in H. fronticinctus), obliquely initiative. I also thank Graham Abbott for assisting angled, blue-edged yellow-orange stripe behind eye with diving activities on both the 2006 and 2007 (horizontal stripe under eye in H. fronticinctus), visits to Triton Bay. The crews of our live-aboard thin blue stripe across the operculum (absent in H. boats, M.V. Citra Pelangi and M.V. Seahorse pro- fronticinctus), neon blue region across entire caudal vided excellent logistic support during these trips. peduncle (forming dorsal saddle only in H. fron- ticinctus), and vivid red central caudal fin-rays REFERENCES (paler red in H. fronticinctus). DOOLEY, J. K. 1999. Brangiostegidae (= Malacanthidae). Hoplolatilus erdmanni is known only from the In: FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The type locality and a nearby location near the living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. (Eds. entrance of Triton Bay in Irian Jaya Barat Province K. E. Carpenter & V. H. Niem). 4 (2): 2630-2648. FAO, Rome. of western New Guinea. Both areas are exposed to EARLE, J. L. & PYLE, R. L. 1997. Hoplolatilus pohle, a new periodic strong currents. About 15 individuals species of sand tilefish (Perciformes: Malacanthidae) were observed on gentle rubble slopes at depths of from the deep reefs of the D’Entrecasteaux Islands, Papua 42-60 m. The fish were seen solitarily, in pairs, or New Guinea. Copeia 1997(2): 382-387. trios generally in close proximity to large rubble NELSON, J. S. 2006. Fishes of the World. Fourth Edition. mounds. These constructions were estimated to John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey, 624 pp. range from 50-60 cm in height and 1.8-2 m in RANDALL, J. E. 1981. A review of the Indo-Pacific Sand diameter. When approached too closely or fright- Tilefish (Perciformes: Malacanthidae). Freshwater and Marine Aquarium 4 (12): 39-46. ened by spear shots, the fish quickly retreated into RANDALL, J. E. & DOOLEY, J. K. 1974. Revision of the their burrow, situated at the apex of the mound. Indo-Pacific branchiostegid fish genus Hoplolatilus, with The Triton Bay area is particularly rich for sand descriptions of two new species. Copeia 1974 (2): 457- tilefishes with regular sightings of H. chlupatyi, H. 471.

aqua vol. 12 no. 3 - 10 July 2007 106 aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology

Rediscovery of the rare curimatid fish Curimatopsis microlepis Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 (Teleostei: ) in the Rio Purus basin, Brazil, with a note on some Amazonian localities of the Thayer Expedition to Brazil in 1865 and 1866

Jacques Géry*

10 Chemin du Plantier, F-24200 Sarlat, France

Received: 08 April 2006 – Accepted: 15 March 2007

Abstract dieser Stationen und eine Analyse der faunistischen Sta- The rare and interesting curimatid fish Curimatopsis tions-Similarität. microlepis Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 (Teleostei: Characiformes), the generic attribution of which is provi- Sommario sional, has been rediscovered recently in the Rio Purus Il raro e interessante curimatide Curimatopsis microlepis Ei- region, Brazil by Heiko Bleher. The recent specimens are genmann & Eigenmann, 1889 (Teleostei: Characiformes), described; characteristics such as the squamation and the la cui attribuzione al genere Curimatopsis deve considerarsi colour, until now poorly known or not known at all, are provvisoria, è stato recentemente riscoperto da Heiko Bleher given. Its type locality, Jatuarana, as well as some other nella regione del Rio Purus, in Brasile. Gli esemplari sono localities of the Thayer Expedition in Brazil in 1865 and stati descritti; vengono fornite caratteristiche relative alle 1866, are discussed and corrected. Faunal lists of these sta- scaglie e alla colorazione, tratti finora poco noti o del tutto tions and a study of the faunal similarity are reported. sconosciuti. La località tipo, Jatuarana, e altre località men- zionate dalla Spedizione Thayer compiuta in Brasile tra il Résumé 1865 e il 1866, sono discusse e corrette. Infine, sono ripor- L’intéressant et rare poisson curimatide Curimatopsis tate le liste delle specie animali presenti in queste stazioni microlepis Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 (Teleostei: insieme a considerazioni sulle somiglianze nella compo- Characiformes), dont l’attribution générique semble provi- sizione faunistica. soire, a été récemment redécouvert dans le Rio Purus region, Brésil, par Heiko Bleher. Les spécimens récents INTRODUCTION sont décrits, avec mention de characters peu connus ou In his revision of the genus Curimatopsis, Vari inconnus tels que la scalation et le patron de coloration. Sa (1982) pointed out the peculiarities of Curimatop- localité typique Jatuarana, ainsi que d’autres localités de l’Expédition Thayer au Brésil en 1865 et 1866, sont dis- sis microlepis Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889, a cutées et corrigées. Des listes faunistiques de ces stations, curimatid characiform fish with an isolated posi- accompagnées d’une étude de similitude faunistique, com- tion within the genus by its relatively large size and plätent cette note. its numerous scales, whereas the other species are remarkable by their nanism (small size) and regres- Zusammenfassung sion of the scales. The species is rare, in compari- Der seltene und interessante Barbensalmler Curimatopsis son with the other pigmy Curimatopsis species, microlepis Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 (Teleostei: which were always well represented in every expe- Characiformes), dessen Gattungs-Zuordnung als vorläufig dition, with hundreds of specimens collected. Vari zu gelten hat, wurde kürzlich von Heiko Bleher im Rio (1982) was able to study only two specimens dat- Purus in Brasilien wiederentdeckt. Die jetzt gefundenen Exemplare werden beschrieben; bisher kaum oder gar ing from more than a century ago, but these were nicht bekannte Merkmale der Beschuppung und Farbge- not very well preserved and partly without scales: bung werden genannt. Anschließend wird die Typus- the holotype, MCZ 20344, 83.7 mm SL, from lokalität Jatuarana sowie einige weitere Fundorte der “Jatuarana”, collected by Mr. Navez for the Thayer Thayer-Expedition in Brasilien in den Jahren 1865 und Expedition (see note), and a specimen MNHN 09- 1866 diskutiert und korrigiert. Es folgen Faunenlisten 226, 89.0 mm SL, collected by M. Jobert in the

*On 15 June 2007 Dr Jacques Géry passed away. An orbituary will be published in issue 12(4)

107 aqua vol. 12 no. 3 - 10 July 2007 Rediscovery of Curimatopsis microlepis Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889, with a note on some Amazonian localities of the Thayer Expedition 1865-1866

“Villa des Tonnintins sur la rive gauche du rio onomy, signifies a supplementary description. Spec- Solimõens” (Pellegrin 1909), both representing the imens are stored in the following institutions: only published biological material of the species. FMNH – Field Museum of Natural History, There are unpublished records of three other spec- Chicago, USA imens: 1) USNM 268035, collected by M. Gould- MCZ – Museum of Comparative Zoology, Har- ing, 1979 in Rio Téfé; 2) USNM 268867, col- vard, USA lected in a lago near Berurí, Solimões, 1985 and 3) MHNG – Musée d’Histoire naturelle de Genève, FMNH 54925, collected by M. Ellis in Hubabu Switzerland Creek, Guyana. The latter is worth investigating, as MNHN – Musée national d’Histoire naturelle, it was not mentioned by Eigenmann (1912) and Paris, France perhaps there could be a mistake on the label (for MTDF – Staatlisches Museum für Tierkunde, Curimatopsis macrolepis). Dresden, Germany Recently H. Bleher & N. Khardina collected MZUSP – Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de additional specimens of this interesting fish in the São Paulo, Brazil basin of the middle and lower Rio Purus, Brazil. USNM – United States National Museum of The rediscovery justifies the present redescription Natural History, Washington, USA as well as the correction of the type locality of the Several local terms are used throughout the text species, along with discussion of other collecting and they are defined as follows: lago (lake usually stations of the Thayer Expedition. connected with the main river, but not all), furo (canal usually connecting two water bodies), MATERIALS AND METHODS igarapé (small river) and igapó (inundated zone). Measurements were taken with digital calipers and expressed as fractions of standard length (SL) and RESULTS head length (HL) in the description, and in per- Redescription of Curimatopsis microlepis Eigen- centages of the SL and HL in Table I for easier com- mann & Eigenmann, 1889 (Figs 1 & 3) parison with modern works such as that of Vari Material examined: MZUSP 820021, 66.2 mm (1982). During measurements, the head was mea- SL, Lago Solitario near Baturité, SW of Tapauá on sured excluding the opercular membrane, the eye the middle Rio Purus, Brazil, H. Bleher & N. was measured horizontally, the snout and postocu- Khardina, August 2002; MTDF 274931, 1, 64.7 lar length are projection lengths, the bony interor- mm SL, same data as previous sample; MHNG, bital was measured posterior to the supraocular 58.1 mm SL, same date as previous sample; coll. bone, the number of pored scales of the lateral line pers. Géry 1059.1.2003, 63.6 mm SL; coll. pers. (LL) are indicated in parentheses, and unbranched Géry N° 1059.1.2006, 72.7 mm SL, Lago Aiapuá soft rays are given in small roman numerals. The near Communidade de Oliveira, lower Rio Purus, term “redescription”, widely used nowadays in tax- Brazil, H. Bleher, 10 September 2006.

Fig. 1. Curimatopsis microlepis, from Lago Solitario near Baturité, SW of Tapauá, after preservation in formalin. Photo by N. Khardina. aqua vol. 12 no. 3 - 10 July 2007 108 Jacques Géry

Table I. Proportions of the five specimens of Curimatopsis microlepis from the Rio Purus region (in percentages of the SL for the depth, predorsal, prepelvic, peduncle depth and HL, and in the HL for the eye, interorbital, maxilla, snout and postor- bital part).

SL 72.65 66.15 64.65 63.55 58.10 Largest depth 29.3 33.8 31.8 32.9 32.7 Predorsal 49.0 50.6 49.7 ?45.4 48.8 Prepelvic 54.5 54.7 53.3 52.2 52.9 Peduncle depth 11.8 11.2 11.9 11.4 11.4 Head length 32.5 33.7 33.4 32.5 34.3 Eye diameter 25.0 26.0 24.7 25.1 26.8 Interorbital 33.0 33.2 32.7 32.2 32.7 Maxilla 10.4 11.1 11.1 10.9 11.3 Snout 24.5 21.9 20.8 24.8 23.7 Postorbital 42.2 47.2 44.4 48.3 48.1

Diagnosis: Body shape typical of a curimatid fish, tudinal series and 31 in a transverse series), the without striking features except the large head with incomplete lateral line with no more than 5-13 a pronounced postorbital part, the broad, flat pre- pored scales, associated with a body three times orbital and interorbital with the mouth and the larger than the other Curimatopsis species. nostrils superior, the gape almost as broad as the Description (Table I): Largest SL 72.7 mm; body interorbital, the relatively long snout, compressed relatively deep, 2.95-3.41 in the SL; dorsal fin ante- horizontally, the relatively large dorsal and caudal rior to mid-body, the predorsal distance 1.09-1.26 fins and finally the absence of any black mark such in the postdorsal distance, and fairly elevated, the as humeral or caudal spot, lateral band etc. that are largest specimens with the second simple and first common in the group. The dorsal part of the body branched rays elongate, forming a short filament is speckled with tiny chromatophores and the over- about 10-20% longer than the other rays but not all colour is light brownish, with some reflective sil- extending to the adipose where the dorsal fin is ver on live fish. The species is immediately identi- depressed, ca 30% of the SL; anal fin short, falci- fiable by the very small but free maxilla, the rela- form; pectoral fin very short, not longer than the tively large number of scales (up to 64 in a longi- distance of its tip to the origin of the pelvic fin;

Fig. 2. Biotope of Curimatopsis microlepis, Lago Solitario on the middle Rio Purus near Tapauá. Photo by H. Bleher.

109 aqua vol. 12 no. 3 - 10 July 2007 Rediscovery of Curimatopsis microlepis Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889, with a note on some Amazonian localities of the Thayer Expedition 1865-1866 pelvic fin behind level of dorsal-fin origin, the pre- upper outer rays; predorsal region rounded with a pelvic distance 0.95-0.99 in the postpelvic distance, small median crest; postdorsal region rounded, with its tip not extending to first anal ray, with the begin- a small median depression; prepelvic region flat with ning of a filament; peduncle relatively deep and a fairly broad median depression, the angles short, its depth 1.09-1.29 in its length, 11.8% of the rounded; postpelvic region forming a short, blunt SL in the largest specimen; no apparent sexual keel, triangular in section; dorsal rather high and dimorphism contrary to the other species of the pointed, II,8I or II,9; anal III,7 (first unbranched genus (except perhaps the higher dorsal fin); upper ray rudimentary, last branched one double); caudal caudal lobe probably somewhat longer than the lobes well developed, pointed; longitudinal scales (5- lower one (but most of the lower rays partly bitten 7)62-64 in total, including about 3 on caudal base; off and regenerated), with beginning of elongated transverse scales (26?)28-31 from dorsal to pelvic

a

b Fig. 3a-b.Two specimens of Curimatopsis microlepis alive from Lago Aiapuá, photographed before preservation: a) semi-adult; b) adult with its details of the anterior part. Photos by N. Khardina. aqua vol. 12 no. 3 - 10 July 2007 110 Jacques Géry

Table II (1). Table of presence of characiform species collected by the Thayer Expedition in eight stations. 1 = Lago do Aleixo; 2 = Lago José Fernandez; 3 = Paraná do Janauari; 4 = Serpa; 5 = Silves; 6 = Jutahy; 7 = Cudajás; 8 = Jatuarana (for compu- tation of similarities between collecting stations, see text; + = presence; T = presence of type specimens).

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Erythrinus erythrinus + + Tetragonopterus Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus + + + + T. argenteus + + + + T. chalceus + + LEBIASINIDAE Pyrrhulina brevis + + Moenkhausia P. semifasciata + + + + M. grandisquamis + + Copella nattereri + + + M. chrysargyrea + + C. guttata M. comma T M. oligolepis + + ANOSTOMIDAE - PROCHILODIDAE M. ceros T Leporinus moralesi + M. gracilima T L. fasciatus + + M. lepidura + + + L. f. altipinnis T M. colletti + L. friderici + + + Bario steindachneri + L. pachyurus + Gymnocorymbus thayeri + + + + L. varia + + Ctenobrycon hauxwellianus + + + L. taeniata + + + L. garmani T + Astyanax Schizodon fasciatus + + + + + A. paucidens + Sch. vittatus + A. multidens T Prochilodus taeniurus +

Hyphessobrycon H. serpae T Curimatopsis macrolepis + + H. melazonatus + T C. microlepis T Hemigrammus C. spiluropsis + + + + + + He. ocellifer + C. leucostictus T He. microstomus + C. plumbeus T He. hyanuary T C. serpae T He. cupreus T + C. alburna + Stichonodon insignis + + C. a. lineata T Stethaprion erythrops + C. vittata + Iguanodectes spilurus + C. knerii + Phenacogaster pectinatus + C. bimac. trachyst. + Leptobrycon jatuaranae T Psectrogaster amazonica T + Aphyocharax agassizi Ps. rutiloides + Potamorhina latior + + + + ERYTHRINIDAE P. laticeps + Hoplia malabaricus + + + + + + P. pristigaster + base (13-14 above the row corresponding to the lat- specimens, to find a complete row of each “category” eral line and 14-15 from that row to the pelvic); 26- to be quite certain of this important character 30 scales irregularly set along the predorsal line with (except the predorsal series where the count is some- a bare zone after the occiput corresponding to 5-6 what subjective). scales, and another one just before the dorsal fin cor- Head large, 2.90-3.10 in the SL; eye quite large, responding to 2-3 scales; about 7 scales transversally putatively without a negative allometry, with a nar- across the breast, the scales irregular without a dis- row anterior adipose lid, its diameter 3.75-4.10 in tinct series along the median line; 26-30 around HL, situated almost entirely in the anterior half of caudal peduncle; the scales seem to be fragile the head; postorbital part of head long, 1.8-1.9 (explaining the difficulties of counting them on the times the eye’s diameter and more than twice the old specimens) but it was possible, at least on some snout (in projection); bony interorbital (behind

111 aqua vol. 12 no. 3 - 10 July 2007 Rediscovery of Curimatopsis microlepis Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889, with a note on some Amazonian localities of the Thayer Expedition 1865-1866

Table II (2). Coefficients of similarity (%) calculated from the lens, the following, almost microscopic, pat- the data of Table II (1): tern of freshly preserved fishes can be seen: entire body and head speckled with chromatophores, Stations 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 rare on abdomen and dense on the dorsal region, where they are concentrated mainly on the caudal 1 .20 .31 .14 .18 .45 .27 .31 half of each scale; chromatophores very small and dense on the top of the head, the lips, the maxil- 2 .23 .27 .31 .32 .17 .20 lary border and the antorbital, and less dense but much enlarged and conspicuous on the superior 3 .18 .32 .27 .33 .19 part of the opercle, which appears very dark, leaden coloured, in contrast to the golden irides- 4 .44 .18 .12 .07 cence of the subopercle and the upper part of eye; numerous chromatophores inside the mouth 5 .27 .34 .16 along the margin of the lower jaw, representing perhaps the “U-shaped dark bar in base of mouth” 6 .23 .19 described by Eigenmann & Eigenmann (1889a); base of anal fin with a series of parallel lines each 7 .13 corresponding to a ray; unbranched rays of dorsal and pectoral fins with dark border anteriorly; dark the supraorbital) broad, 3.0-3.1 in HL (2.56 mea- thin edging on the tips of the dorsal and caudal sured on the largest specimen, including the supra- rays; first anal rays lighter than the rest of the fin. orbital); maxilla very short but free, about 9 times According to the collectors, the fish in vivo had in HL; snout 4.0-4.8 in HL, mouth superior nothing distinguishing it from the other plain (somewhat like that of a cyprinodontid), the gape, curimatids. The photograph of the smaller fish, only visible from above, almost as broad as the shot in situ after capture in the Lago Aiapuá (Fig. interorbital, which, together with the relatively 3a) shows a quite ordinary silvery specimen with long snout, compressed horizontally, gives the pale brownish-yellowish paired dorsal, adipose appearance of a duck’s beak, though much shorter; and caudal, while the close-up of the anterior part nostrils without tube, close together, very anterior, of the larger specimen (adult?) shows light brown completely on the top of the head near the outer colour of the flanks and white pectoral fins. end of premaxilla instead of being lateral; anterior Discussion: In the context of a revision that can nostril round, posterior one bean-shaped, sepa- be now regarded as a standard in Characiformes rated by a narrow space equal to that separating the ichthyology (Vari’s 1982 supplementary descrip- anterior nostril from the upper lip margin; poste- tion), these specimens are smaller than the old ones rior nostril separated from the anterior border of (largest 89 mm SL), with a smaller snout and the supraorbital by a space twice as large; anterior interorbital (probably owing to different methods part of palate with one median and two lateral clus- of taking measurements) and fewer scales in the ters of tubercles barely developed and almost indis- lateral line (7 vs 12-13). Without doubt, they tinct in some specimens, situated near the border of belong to a population of C. microlepis quite dis- the upper jaw; gill-membrane united to the isthmus tant from the type locality (500 km by air, see note far forward; gill rakers absent or reduced to very here below), and they have not evolved much. The minute mamilla-like tubercles numbering 45 or 50 question of its attribution to the genus Curimatop- on the lower limb of the first arch. sis is not the purpose of the present paper. Suffice The colour pattern is quite uniform: some metal- it to say that the absence of shared derived charac- lic reflections on the fishes in vivo and yellowish ters (such as sexual dimorphism), as well as its dorsal, adipose and caudal fins, absent in formalin; habitus and head structures, do not support this overall colour light brownish on the dorsal part taxonomic position. and yellowish on the ventral one (in adults), with- Note on the type locality “Jatuarana” of out black marks except a dark dorsal band from Curimatopsis microlepis and on other occiput to upper accessory caudal rays, circling the collecting stations of the Thayer expedition dorsal, about 2 scales broad; and the black longest The collecting stations of the old Brazilian expe- unbranched dorsal rays visible in vivo. Through ditions are difficult to trace, owing sometimes to aqua vol. 12 no. 3 - 10 July 2007 112 Jacques Géry the loss of labels, but chiefly to the inconsistencies of One of the most critical localities is “Jatuarana” maps before the middle of the twentieth century: for where C. microlepis was found. Jatuarana is the com- example the map in Eigenmann (1917) has, among mon name of a Brycon (Characidae), a food fish other discrepancies, the Lago Tefé represented on common in the Amazon; local fishermen had a ten- the wrong side of the Solimões (Fig. 4). Moreover, dency to name a sector of a water body by the name the habit of giving the same name to several locali- of the most abundant or interesting fish there. ties and of changing the names of the localities and At the end of 1865, Mr. Navez (spelled Naves by even of the rivers causes problems, as pointed out by Higuchi 1992), possibly from Manaus, took part Dick (1977) with respect to the great Thayer Expe- in the greatest collecting expedition ever made in dition. To cite a few examples: the Solimões , that of the Nathaniel Thayer Expe- becomes the Amazon downstream of the mouth of dition, directed by Professor Louis Agassiz and the Rio Negro; Manaus, formerly Manaos, was once comprising more than 30 members, including termed Barra, and Forte do Rio Negro; in 30 years, Brazilian volunteers. Alone, or more probably with the place name Tapauá has moved about 200 km Louis Agassiz (according to Böhlke 1954), he col- east on the Rio Purus, passing from the mouth of lected a number of characiform species in a place the Rio Tapauá to the mouth of the Rio Itaparaná, termed “Jatuarana”, spelled Jutuarana by Fowler but persisting west, resulting in two villages with the (1948) as well as in a “lake” termed “Hyanuary”. In same name on the same river (see Annex I). Fortu- “Jatuarana”, Navez collected at least 14 species or nately a number of dubious stations were updated subspecies, including five new ones: Hemigrammus by Higuchi (1992) and only a few, concerning the cupreus Durbin, 1918; Aphyocharax agassizi (Stein- Amazon basin, need to be revised here. dachner 1883); Leptobrycon jatuaranae Eigen- The lack of information or, worse, wrong informa- mann, 1915; Leporinus fasciatus altipinnis Borodin, tion, is critical as it affects the scientifically impor- 1929 and Curimatopsis microlepis Eigenmann & tant type locality (terra typica or locus typicus). Eigenmann, 1889. In “Lago Hyanuary”, he

Fig. 4. The city Teffe (=Tefé) on Eigenmann’s (1917) map with the correct location, but L. Teffe (= Lago Tefé) on the wrong side of the Rio Solimões. The route of the Thayer Expedition is in solid line (red in the original).

113 aqua vol. 12 no. 3 - 10 July 2007 Rediscovery of Curimatopsis microlepis Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889, with a note on some Amazonian localities of the Thayer Expedition 1865-1866 secured two new species, Moenkhausia ceros Eigen- correctly recorded. His name appears only at the mann, 1908 and Hemigrammus hyanuary Durbin occasion of the description of new species collected in Eigenmann (1918), some topotypes of by the Thayer expedition1. Cyphocharax plumbeus (Eigenmann & Eigenmann Borodin (1929) mentioned only “Jatuarana, 1889), and a number of other species, difficult to Brazil; Steindachner (1883) added to the locality separate from those collected in the same lake by “Ein Geschenk des Herrn Prof. L. Agassiz”. Only D. Bourget and Major Coutinho, also active mem- Eigenmann & Eigenmann (1889a, b), Eigenmann bers of the expedition. For example, the tiny (1908, 1915, 1917) and Durbin in Eigenmann Carnegiella schereri Fernández-Yépez, 1950 was (1918) added the name of the collector: “Navez”. described from “Lake Hyanuary” without record of Dick (1977, map fig. 9) was apparently the first the collector, with the only information: “collected to pinpoint Jatuarana and to give a sketch locating in Lake Hyanuary (Januari) by Thayer Expedition the site on the lower course of the Rio Roosevelt, a to Brazil in January 1866”, implying perhaps an tributary of the Rio Aripuana (Rio Madeira basin) explanation of the origin of the name of the col- at about 7°30’ S. This location is accepted without lecting station given by the collectors. This puta- comment by Vari (1982, map fig. 14). tive explanation is not plausible because a Lake A study of the route of the Thayer Expedition Januari or Janauari existed before the expedition checked against maps shows that the location of and still exists. Despite his important record, Mr. Navez is not 1 Of which only a part has been completely studied yet: Curimatidae, cited among the collaborators of the expedition, Erythrinidae, Lebiasinidae, Anostomidae and Characidae partim etc. For some reason, Eigenmann could not continue his studies of the neither by Eigenmann (1917) nor Dick (1977); collections of the Museum of Comparative Anatomy at Harvard, and moreover the localities where he collected are not later sent Haseman to South America to complete the record. 3° 63 62

4° 63 62

Fig. 5. Map of Central Amazon region as known during the Thayer Expedition (after H. Kiepert, 1867 – 1:2000000) with aqua vol. 12 no. 3 - 10 July 2007 114 Jacques Géry

Jatuarana given by Dick (1977) is misplaced by Another Jatuarana, the Igarapé Jatuarana near about five degrees of latitude. There is (or was) Samuel on the Rio Jamari (basin of the Rio indeed a village or some houses termed Jatuarana on Madeira), is likewise improbable, for the same rea- the bank of Rio Roosevelt (bottom of Operational sons. Fatuaranua, near Mauhes (visited by mem- Navigation Chart M-26, U.S. Air Force millionth bers of the expedition, but not by Navez) is also map), an almost unexplored region in 1865. The unlikely, owing to its different spelling, and the members of the Thayer expedition never went that same is true for Igarapé Jutuarana, a small tributary far, as confirmed by the narrations of the expedition of the lower Rio Uatumã. Lastly, the “Jatuarana” and the map in Eigenmann (1917). They concen- that appeared recently on maps within the Ilha trated on the Amazon itself, usually anchoring their Xiborena (separating the Negro from the Solimões) boat and starting from a base camp (chiefly Manaus, is modern, being 100 years younger. but also Tefé-Sitio and some other places) and Only one Igarapé Jatuarana seems to be the exploring mainly the lakes and the lower course of appropriate candidate: according to the two mil- the tributaries of the central basin, the richest in the lionth map of the Amazon established by Kiepert world for freshwater species. Individual expedition (1867) and from the names in use in the second members went far upstream in only a few instances: half of the nineteenth century, often of indigenous Tocantins, Tapajós, Xingú up to the first cataracts origin, this igarapé is easily reachable by boat from and Negro up to Rio Branco. The Rio Roosevelt is Manaus, the principal base-camp: it is situated thus to be deleted from the list of candidates, as if about 40 km downstream, on the left bank of the they had gone that far south, there would have been Rio Amazonas at the middle of the big Ilha do more than a single, remote, collecting station, as in Careiro, at mid-distance between the “encontro das the other rivers. águas” (mouth of Rio Negro) and the next island, the Ilha das Onças, and opposite the Lago do Rei 61 (Fig. 5), often visited by the local fishermen. Nowadays, the names of the igarapés of the left bank downstream from Manaus (Paraná Coara Mirim and Coara Açú, Igarapé Mocambo) have been omitted from maps, whereas two well-known modern names were not (or not at their present place) on the ancient maps: Rio Puraquequara, the next rio downstream from Manaus, and Rio Preto da Eva. This perhaps explains the error in Dick (1977). The name reappears only in the detailed modern IBGE map of 1998 (after Dick’s research) (Fig. 6). Checking the archives of the MCZ would have shown anyhow that the co-ordinates of Jatu- arana, as given by Agassiz, correspond almost per- fectly to the above described locality (except that the latitude is four or five minutes further south), corresponding to the northern bank of the Ilha opposite the igarapé, which empties into the south- ern bank of the northern arm of the Amazon. The co-ordinates of the modern map are (at the mouth of the igarapé) 59°40’W and 03°04’S. Higachi’s (1992) putative location of an igarapé or lago Jatu- arana near Barreirinha SW of Parintins does not correspond to these co-ordinates and is thus not considered as probable. Other discrepancies between ancient maps and 61 Dick’s (1977) locations could be found (some already succinctly updated by Higuchi 1992). It F. January, the Ig. Jatuarana L. Arary (marked with red spots). appears that some of the maps produced by Dick

115 aqua vol. 12 no. 3 - 10 July 2007 Rediscovery of Curimatopsis microlepis Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889, with a note on some Amazonian localities of the Thayer Expedition 1865-1866

a

b

Fig. 6a-b. Maps which show the important localities discussed: a) Município de Manaus today with the lagos Iranduba and Janauari (and other localities discussed extisting today); b)Município de Manaus in 1965: from left to right, Janauari, Aleixo and Jatuarana. The solid circles represent Manacapuru and Manaus 1965. IBGE map 1998 (a) and a drawing by J. Géry (b). aqua vol. 12 no. 3 - 10 July 2007 116 Jacques Géry

(1977) are unreliable. The corrections of certain 15 and 10 degrees (of longitude this time) respec- localities, when possible, may thus be useful for tively away from the putative real one. This error is workers on Amazonian fauna. They concern espe- not scientifically serious, owing to the absence of cially “Arary”, “Lago Hyanuary”, “Lago Aleixo” type specimens in the collection. (Lago do, or Lago Alexo), “Lago José Fernandez” The positions of the other “lagos” Hyanuary, José and “Curupira”, said to be a lake by Dick (1977). Fernandez and Aleixo, are perhaps inaccurate by “Arary” is mentioned has having been explored by less than a degree, but the scientific consequences Stephen Van R. Thayer. Dick (1977) cited only of an eventual error should not be underestimated, one Arary (Arari), a little town located, according because the faunas are quite different in the acid to his map (fig. 11 in Dick 1977), on Rio Itapi- brown waters of the Rio Negro and in the less acid, curu in the State of Maranhão. Indeed, there is an yellow turbid waters of the Solimões upstream Arari between Rio Mearim (into Rio Pindaré) and from the mouth of the Negro. For example the first Rio Itapicuru. However, the examination of the lake, now termed Janauari, depends on the Soli- fauna cited in the literature (Thayer found mões and not on the Negro (with nevertheless a Moenkhausia lepidura but not a single Hemigram- possible connection during floods). mus marginatus, for example) shows that we are Dick (1977) mentioned the Rio Hyanuary “on dealing with another, Amazonian, Arary: Higuchi the western side of the Rio Negro”; but in his map (1992) mentioned a Lago Arari, situated in the Ilha (fig. 10), he locates the Lago Hyanuary or January de Marajó (Pará). However, Kiepert’s (1867) map, on the left bank (eastern side) of the Rio Negro referred to above, gives a Lago Arary on the right upstream from Manaus and from the other lakes: side of the Rio Amazonas just downstream of the Lago Irandubo (not in the index, a mistake for mouth of the Rio Madeira (Fig. 5), i.e. on the way Iranduba [spelled Ueranduba in Eigenmann’s time] to Serpa (now Itacoatiara, see glossary in Annex 1) on the Solimões, where Coutinho collected at least where Thayer collected at the same time. Owing to one characid, Moenkhausia lepidura), Lago Aleixo the similarities of fauna, it is obvious that the (not in the index) and Lago José Fernandez (also “Arary” of Dick (1977) and of Higuchi (1992) are spelled José-Fernandez). On modern maps, there

8 Jatuarana

1 Aleixo (Alexo)

6 Jutahy

3 Janauary

7 Cudajas

4 Serpa

5 Silves

2 José Fernandes

45% 30% 100% 25% 20%

Fig. 7. Dendogram of the coefficients of similarity between eight Amazonian stations of the Thayer Expedition (see text).

117 aqua vol. 12 no. 3 - 10 July 2007 Rediscovery of Curimatopsis microlepis Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889, with a note on some Amazonian localities of the Thayer Expedition 1865-1866 are no such names along the lower Rio Négro. Lake Aleixo (erroneously located in Dick’s 1977 Instead, from east to west we have the Igarapés map 9) and Arary (map 11 in Dick, 1977, on Rio Tarumã Grande and Tarumazinho, Lago Tupé and Itapicuru). Concerning the lake Aleixo, Dick Rio Cuieiras. (1977) states: “Thayer and Bourget were at Lago Lake Hyanuary (also termed Paraná do Januari or Cudajas for ten days, 27 November to 6 December F. Janauari) is cited as being on the left bank of the (Thayer also collected at Lago Aleixo), and James Rio Solimões, connecting it with the Rio Négro, went to Manacapuru for ten days.” in the descriptions of species collected. Actually Jutahy, as well as Cudajas, are on the According to the nineteenth century map, Janu- Solimões well upstream from Manaus, whereas ary is indeed a furo on the left bank of the Rio Arari, Serpa and Silves are on the Amazon well Solimões in the great peninsula do Caldeirão downstream from Manaus, downstream from the (including Ilha Xiborena), nearly separating the mouth of the Rio Madeira: Thayer alone could Negro and the Solimões, roughly from Manaca- then have collected only near these localities puru to Ilha de Marchantaria. This area, as in most (including Manaus). It was nevertheless impossible parts of the Central Amazon basin, is an intricacy to find a Lago Aleixo or Alexo, certainly of some of lagos, furos, igarapés and igapós. Paraná do importance, on the old maps. Janauari is situated east of Ilha Paciencia, about We have thus to rely upon the original label opposite the small Ilha J. Venâncio. It empties into (archives of the MCZ) which states: station Thayer the Solimões and also into the Rio Negro via two #073, “Rio Negro near Lago Alexo”, E of Manaus furos. This has some biogeographical and faunal Lat. 03°05’S, Long. 59°53’ W, (corroborated by importance, as a filtration effect of the fauna has Higuchi 1992). Actually the co-ordinates “3°05’/ been shown in the Caldeirão region through the 59°53’” are those from a spot just east of the Rio Furo Paracuuba or other connections (Lamarque, Negro (remember that Manaus is exactly on the pers. comm.). The Paraná do Janauari exists on 60th meridian), i.e. where the Amazon starts: the modern maps a little further eastward, owing pos- mention “Rio Negro near Lago Alexo” would then sibly to the modifications of the Amazon’s course signify a beach opposite the mouth of the Solimões in almost 140 years (but more probably owing to at the meeting of the waters, now at the limit of the the imprecision of old maps). Its co-ordinates were extension of Manaus (now extremely populated, noted during a stage in Manaus in 1986: 60°05’W about four million inhabitants) towards the east. and 03°13’S (HIGUCHI 1996 gives the same longi- Alexo should then be only a few kilometres west tude but 03°12’ in latitude). Janauari and Iranduba from the type locality of Curimatopsis, the Igarapé are thus close together, if not belonging to the same Jatuarana (Fig. 6b). expanse of water. The Lakes Castanha and However, the geographic distribution of the few Janauaca, well known by the fishermen, are some- species collected in Lago Aleixo (see Annex II, 4), what west of the same longitude, but on the other which range from the upper Rio Negro in bank of the Solimões. The three “lakes”, submitted Venezuela, to Rio Madeira and Rio Xingú, includ- to a fairly high fishing pressure from both the fish- ing the Lago Janauca close to Manaus, is a bit ermen and the scientists, are easily reachable by problematic. For instance Moenkhausia grandis- boat from Manaus, where some members of the quamis and Tetragonopterus argenteus have never expedition had their headquarters. been found to date in the lower waters of the Rio Lago Aleixo is situated in Dick’s (1977) map (fig. Negro (but have in its upper course), although they 10) on the Rio Negro, but is not mentioned on are often sympatric in the Amazon Basin ancient maps. According to the accounts of their (Tetragonopterus chalceus being vicariant in travels, Thayer explored the “Ilha Cudajaz” (now Guyana). This distribution, together with the sim- Ilha Codajás, more than 100 km upstream from ilarities of the fauna with that of the Lago do Cas- the mouth of Rio Purus) with Bourget, and tanha, Janauary, José Fernandez etc., indicate that “Jutahy” (between Tonantins and Fonte Boa) with the water of Lake Aleixo is more like that of the James and Talisman. Alone, he visited Serpa (still Amazon than that of the lower Rio Negro. existing on the other side opposite Itacotiara, map Curupira could be located. According to the map 9 in Dick, 1977), Silva (now Silves) (Lake Saraca, (fig. 9 in Dick 1977), Curupira is a lake on the map 9 in Dick, 1977 = Furos de Saraca on old Paraná Urariá that empties into the Amazon maps, about 50 km downstream of Itacoatiara), (under the name Paraná do Ramos) at Parintins aqua vol. 12 no. 3 - 10 July 2007 118 Jacques Géry

(delimiting the south of the Ilha Tupinambarana), Despite some inconsistencies, the localities of the and is also connected with the Rio Madeira. This is Thayer expedition are now somewhat better one of the most complex regions of the central known, with the exception of those of the material basin, where place names have constantly changed. transmitted by Major Coutinho and said to have The lake appears on modern detailed maps at been collected by Dr. Justa, which are without 58°30’W and 03°45’S, whereas Higuchi (1992) labels. They might have been collected near Man- gives 58°33’W and 03°46’S (not very different). aus (as suggested by Eigenmann (1917), even Altogether very few specimens were gathered there. though Dr. Justa did collect in Rio Paraiba do “Lago José Fernandez” cannot be precisely Norte. located. It was probably named after an inhabitant To sum up, the type localities of at least seven of its border, and the name is now lost. The characiform species that were incorrectly located archives of the MCZ contain no localities nor co- are corrected as follows: ordinates, and mention only: “presumably near Jatuarana = Igarapé Jatuarana on the left bank of Manaus”, which is accepted by Higuchi (1992). Rio Amazonas, about 40 km by air east-north-east In an attempt to solve these hypotheses and other of the port of Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, dilemma, a numerical method was used: twenty- 59°40’W and 03°04’S (the latitude given in the eight coefficients of similarity (formula = 2xC archives of the MCZ indicate that the bank of the [common species]/A+B [sum of the species of the Ilha do Careiro faces the igarapé). The ecology of two samples]) were calculated. They concern the C. microlepis agrees with the collection details, in eight most critical stations and only the few species that the igarapé, very close to its mouth into the recorded in the literature (Annex II). As several col- lago, represents the usual biotope of the species. lectors spent only a brief period of time at each sta- Lago Hyanuary = Parana do Janauari, on the left tion, the method has drawbacks: the similarity can bank of Rio Solimões, about 10 km by air south of reflect that of the collectors rather than that of the the port of Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, 60°15’W fauna, and the incomplete sampling may introduce and 03°13’S. a bias: for example E. Honda spent a year sampling “Lago Alexo” (now spelled Aleixo) = small igarapé the Lago do Castanha when he collected about 70 into the Amazon near the mouth of the Rio Negro characiform species (unpublished), whereas in a E of Manaus, 59°53’ W and 03°05’S. According to similar biotope, but in only 10 days, members of the co-ordinates given in the archives of the MCZ, the Thayer Expedition collected less than half of it lies about 25 km by air west of Jatuarana, just this number (taking into account the specimens downstream from the Encontro Das Águas and not yet completely studied). Despite this bias, definitely belonging to the basin of the Amazon which renders the attempted dendogram (Fig. 7) (even if the label of the MCZ says “Rio Negro”). It provisional, some inferences could be made. The is now within the limits of the city of Manaus. coefficients range from 0.07 (most different It is likely that the unknown locality, the “Lake” characiform fauna) to 0.45 (closest fauna), with an José Fernandez, is located in the same region average of 0.24. Two clusters can be found, each around Manaus. based on a pair of localities with similar fauna: Tonnantins (now Tonantins, a village on the Aleixo and Jutahy, with Janauary, Cudajás and mouth of the Rio Tonantins), where Dr. Jobert col- putatively Jatuarana; Serpa and Silves, with José lected more than 50 characiformes species includ- Fernandez. The most divergent faunas are that of ing the second known specimen of Curimatopsis Aleixo cf. Silves and Jatuarana cf. Serpa. microlepis, is about 50 km downstream from the Concerning those stations that were wrongly mouth of the Rio Içá and not about 100 km located or have still not been located, the calcu- upstream as shown on the map (fig. 14) in Vari lated dendogram is not of much use. Jatuarana’s (1982). fauna is rather distinct, being only quite similar to that of Aleixo (0.31) and very different from that ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS of Serpa (0.07), Cudajás (0.13) and Silves (0.16). Heiko Bleher and Natasha Khardina provided the Despite the putative geographical proximity, it biological material and prepared the illustrations, belongs hypothetically to a different faunal group, Axel Zarske procured the rare Kiepert map and possibly for ecological reasons in this area of con- prepared the electronic version of the Higuchi fluence of two types of waters. (1992) document, Heraldo Britski, Claude Weber

119 aqua vol. 12 no. 3 - 10 July 2007 Rediscovery of Curimatopsis microlepis Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889, with a note on some Amazonian localities of the Thayer Expedition 1865-1866 and Flávio C. T. Lima corrected some geographical subfamily of Characidae (Osteichthyes, Ostariophysi, data. They also improved the manuscript greatly Characoidei). Arquivos de Zoologia, S. Paulo 28 (2): 1-91. and are warmly thanked for their help. PELLEGRIN, J. 1909. Characinidés du Brésil rapportés par M. Jobert. Bulletin du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 2e série, Paris 15: 147-152. STEINDACHNER, F. 1883. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der REFERENCES Flussfische Südamerika’s. (IV). Denkschriften der kaiser- BÖHKE, J. 1954. Studies on Fishes of the Family Characi- lichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien. Mathema- dae. N° 6. A Synopsis of the Iguanodectinae. Annals and tisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse 46: 1-43, pls. i-vii Magazine of Natural History, London, Ser. 12, 7: 97-104. (Char.: 11-16, 25-26, 32-41). BORODIN, N. A., 1929. Notes on some Species and Sub- VARI, R. P. 1982. Systematics of the Neotropical Chara- species of the genus Leporinus Spix. Memoirs of the coid Genus Curimatopsis (Pisces: Characoidei). Smithson- Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 50 ian Contributions to Zoology 373: 28 pp. (3): 269-290, pls.1-17. DICK, M. M. 1977. Stations of the Thayer Expedition to Annex I Brazil.1865-1866. Brevoria, Museum of Comparative Ancient toponyms (place names) with their modern Zoology, Cambridge, Mass. 444: 1-37. accepted versions EIGENMANN, C. H. 1908. Preliminary descriptions of new BARRA do RIO NEGRO or FORTE do RIO NEGRO = genera and species of Tetragonopterid Characins. Bulletin Manaus (Manaos) of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College BASTOS = a farm on the Rio Alegré, tributary of alto Rio 52 (6): 91-106. Guaporé EIGENMANN, C. H. 1912. The fresh-water fishes of British BRAGANCA (Haseman) = Bragança near the Atlantic Guiana, including a study of the ecological grouping of coast east of the State of Pará species and the relation of the fauna of the plateau to that CAICARA = upstream from Téfé of the lowlands. Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum, Pitts- CARERO, also spelled CAREIRO = Ilha do Careiro burgh 5 (67): 1-578, pls.1-103. CIPO (RIO): tributary of the Itapicuru, Eastern Brazil, EIGENMANN, C. H. 1915. The Cheirodontinae, a subfamily possibly connected with Rio S. Francisco (see Howes, of minute Characid Fishes of South America. Memoirs of Bull. BM(NH), Zool. ser. 43(1): 39, 1982, concerning the Carnegie Museum 7 (1): 1-99, pls. I-XVII. Addenda the Coll. Ch. Cumberland). F. Lima (pers. comm. and corrigenda Cheirodontinae, id. 7: 1919-1920, xix-xii. 09.2005) corrected the name of Itapicuru into Rio das EIGENMANN, C. H. 1917. The American Characidae. Velhas (according to the locality mentioned by Låtken), Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Har- which surely belongs to the São Francisco drainage. vard College 43 (1): 1-102. COARY = Coari (between Codajás and Téfé) EIGENMANN, C. H. 1918. The American Characidae. CODAJÁS or CUDAJAS or ILHA CODAJAZ, Solimões Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Har- about 100 km upstream from Rio Purus (= Casa de Silva vard College 43 (2): 103-208. de Solimões ? between Manacapuru and Coari) EIGENMANN, C. H. & EIGENMANN, R. S. 1889a. Prelimi- CUPAI (RIO) = not on recent and ancient maps. Accord- nary descriptions of Characinidae. Preliminary descrip- ing to Böhlke (1954), probably from the label of Piabuca tions of new species and genera of Characinidae. The West spilura Günther (coll. Stevens): “branch of the Amazon, American Scientist 6 (7-8): 7-8. 800 mi. from the sea, Pará, Brazil”. By air, 800 miles EIGENMANN, C. H. & EIGENMANN, R. S. 1889b. A Revi- (1287 km) correspond to the distance between the sea sion of the Edentulous Genera of Curimatinae. Annals of and Manaus (State of Amazonas); thus, there is only one the New York Academy of Sciences 4: 409-440. alternative: 1) the 800 miles were calculated by the route FOWLER, H. W. 1948. Os peixes de agua doce do Brasil, 1a of the boat, and concern the smallest mile, the statute entraga. Arquivos de Zoologia do Estado de Sao Paulo 6: one (1.609 km). By the northern course, the state of Pará 1-204. is passed at Rio Nhamundá (about 610 statute miles, HIGUCHI, H. 1992. An updated list of ichthyological about 980 km). Only the southern route (Belém-Breves- collecting stations of the Thayer Expedition to Brazil. Pauxís-Gurupá etc.) is credible. The only toponym at http://www.mcz.harvard.edu/Deparments/Fish/ the far west of State of Pará that can be confused with thayer.htm “Cupai” is Lago Grande do Curuai, about 700 miles HIGUCHI, H., 1996. An updated list of ichthyological col- from the sea on the right bank, at the same longitude as lecting stations of the Thayer Expedition to Brazil. Elec- Óbidos; 2) The other alternative, which is favoured here, tronic version (1996) is a labelling error, which might have been “80 mi. from http://www.oeb.harvard.edu//thayer.htm etc. the sea (at Belém)” and would explain the distance in KIEPERT, H. 1867. Zur Karte des Amazonenstromes. miles. Stevens collected mainly around Belém. Zeitschrift der Gesellschaft für Erdkunde zu Berlin, 2, 453- CURUPIRA (visited by Coutinho, Thayer Expedition, 454, Tafel V. before December 6, 1865) = not on ancient maps, shown MENEZES, N. A. 1976. On the Cynopotaminae, a new on the USAF Operational Aeronautical Chart but not

aqua vol. 12 no. 3 - 10 July 2007 120 Jacques Géry

named, existing in the detailed modern maps as a small the Rio Negro with the Rio Amazonas proper, emptying lake on the southern part of the Ilha Tupinambarana, emp- into the Rio Negro according to J. Böhlke (1954); not tying into the Paraná Urariá through the Rio Curupira, near Manacapuru and a small Lago Maria Cupira a few km south, on the MANAOS = Manaus, formerly Forte do Rio Negro other side of the Paraná. There is also a Lago Curipira a few (1788) or Barra do Rio Negro, or Barra kilometres from Oriximiná on Rio Trombetas on the left MATO GROSSO = Vila Bela, Villa Bella de Matto side, State of Pará, near Óbidos, which was visited by Grosso, today Vila Bela da Santissima Trinidade members of the Thayer Expedition, but in January, 1866. MATURA (1788) = Porto do Moz, or Foz do Moz EGA (EGAS or EDA) = Tefé (Thayer), near the mouth of Rio Xingú = Porto de Moz FONTEBOA (Thayer) = Fonte Boa, upstream from MAUHES = Maués mouth of rio Juruá MONTE ALEGRE (Thayer) = downstream from San- FORTE DO RIO NEGRO = see Barra do Rio Negro tarém, on the left Amazon River bank FORTE PAUXIS = see Pauxís = Óbidos OBYDOS or OBIDOS = see Forte Pauxís FORTE PRINCIPE = Forte Principe da Beira, on the Rio PARA = SANTA MARIA de BELEM = Belém Guaporé PARU (1788) = Almeirim GURUPA (Thayer) = Curupá PARINTINS = see Villa Bella da Imperatrix IÇÁ = Santo Antônio do Içá at the mouth of the Rio Içá PAUXIS (FORTE PAUXIS 1788) = Óbidos on the lower IRISANGA = Oriçanga, near Rio Mogi-Guaçu (MENEZES, Amazon on Eigenmann’s map, actually just downstream 1976) of the mouth of the Rio Trombetas ITACOTIARA = see Serpa; probably new name for São PEDREIRA = downstream from mouth of Rio Branco Antonio de Mara PORTO do MOZ = Porto de Moz, near the mouth of Rio JAMUNDA = Rio Nhamundá, between states of Pará and Xingú Amazonas RAMOS, rio (Thayer) = Boa Vista do Ramos, on the Pa. JANUACA, JANUARY = see lago do Ramos JATUARANA = Igarapé Jatuarana downstream from mouth SAO PAULO (Thayer) = São Paulo de Olivença, Solimões of Rio Negro, left bank of Solimões, opposite Ilha do SAO ANTONIO de MARA: see Serpa Careiro SERPA = Itacoatiara, downstream from mouth of Rio JUTAHY = Foz de Jutaí, Solimões between Tonantins and Madeira, on the left side of the Amazon river Fonte Boa SILVA = Silves, NE Itacoatiara JUTICA = downstream from Téfé SANTAREM = see Tapajós (1788) LAGO ALEXO or ALEIXO (Thayer) = unknown (not on TAJAPURU or TAJUPURU (Thayer) = Caruma ? near maps); probably not far from Manaus (Fig. 6b) Gurupá = Curupá LAGO HYANUARY = lake and furo S of Manaus, emp- TAPAJOS (1788) = Santarém tying into Solimões TEFFE = Tefé LAGO JANAUCA (and LAGO CASTANHA) = lagos TONNANTINS (also TONNINTINS) = Tonantins, emptying into the Solimões on the right (southern) side between Foz de Jutaí and Santo Antônio do Içá about at mid-distance between the longitudes of Man- VILLA BELLA da IMPERATRIX (Amazon) = on a 1867 acapuru and of Manaus map, situated downstream from the Ilhas Pacoval and das LAGO JOSE ASSU = Lago José Uaçu near the mouth of Onças, upstream (and on the opposite side) from mouth Rio Tupinambaranas, just east of Parintins, co-ordinates of Rio Nhamundá; now Parintins 2°37 S and 56°38 W according to Böhlke (1954) LAGO JOSÉ FERNANDEZ or JOSÉ-FERNANDEZ (Thayer) = not on maps; collected by Major J. M. S. Annex II (1) Coutinho Nov.-Dec. 1865, “presumably near Manaus” Characiformes species sympatric with C. microlepis in (Archives of the MCZH) the locus typicus, Jatuarana (in the literature): LAGO MANACAPURU = name unchanged, left side of Moenkhausia lepidura (Kner, 1859) Amazon between Vila Rica and mouth of Rio Negro Moenkhausia collettii (Steindachner, 1883) LAGO MAXIMO = east of Villa Bella (Parintins); accord- Tetragonopterus argenteus Cuvier, 1816 ing to Böhlke (1954), connected with the Furo de Ramos Hemigrammus cupreus Durbin, 1918 near Parintins; near the junction with Amazon – revisited Leptobrycon jatuaranae Eigenmann, 1915 recently by Heiko Bleher (2004) Aphyocharax agassizi (Steindachner, 1883) MACACOS (RIO): 1- near Rio de Janeiro (not connecting Iguanodectes spilurus (Günther, 1864) the Rio Pará with the Amazon, as stated by Eigenmann) Hoplias malabaricus (Bloch, 1794) MACACOS (Rio dos): 2- also a tributary of Rio das Vel- Leporinus fasciatus altipinnis Borodin, 1929 has in Minas Gerais Semaprochilodus taeniurus (Humboldt & Valenciennes, 1833) MACIEL = a farm on the Rio Barbados, tributary of alto Cyphocharax spilurus (Günther, 1864) Rio Guaporé Potamorhina latior (Spix, 1829) MAI JOANA (IGARAPÉ do) = close to the intersection of Psectrogaster rutiloides (Kner, 1859)

121 aqua vol. 12 no. 3 - 10 July 2007 Rediscovery of Curimatopsis microlepis Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889, with a note on some Amazonian localities of the Thayer Expedition 1865-1866

Annex II (2) (under the name alburna var. caudimaculata Characiform species sympatric with C. microlepis in Ton- Pellegrin, 1909) nantins (now Tonantins, between Foz de Jutaí and Santo Curimatus bimaculatus Steindachner, 1876 Antônio do Içá), after Pellegrin 1909 (not checked): Curimatus plumbeus Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 Tetragonopterinae spilurus Valenciennes, 1849 Curimatus leuciscus Günther, 1868 Tetragonopterinus gibbicervix Pellegrin, 1909 Curimatus vittatus Kner, 1859 (or Ctenobrycon spilurus (Valenciennes, 1849)) Curimatus cyprinoides (Linnaeus, 1766) Tetragonopterinus chalceus (Agassiz, 1829) Curimatus latior Spix, 1829 Bryconops melanurus (Bloch, 1794) Prochilodus ortonianus Cope, 1878 Astyanax abramis (Jenyns, 1812) Prochilodus amazonensis Fowler, 1906 Charax gibbosus (Linnaeus, 1758) Prochilodus taeniurus (Humboldt & Valenciennes, 1833) Moenkhausia grandisquamis (Müller & Troschel, 1844) Moenkhausia collettii (Steindachner, 1883) Annex II (3) Aphyocharax alburnus (Günther, 1869) Characiform species sympatric with C. microlepis in the Aphyocharax agassizi (Steindachner, 1883) Lago Solitario and the Lago Aiapuá, Rio Purus region: Lutkenia insignis Steindachner, 1876 Triportheus angulatus (Spix, 1829) Roeboides affinis Günther, 1868 Chalceus erythrurus (Cope, 1870) auct. Cynopotamus limaesquamis (Cope, 1878) Ctenobrycon hauxwellianus (Cope, 1870) (= amazonus (Günther, 1868) ?) Hyphessobrycon species, close to minimus Durbin, 1909 Cynopotamus kneri (Steindachner,1878) Moenkhausia chrysargyrea (Günther, 1864) Acestrorhynchus falcirostris (Cuvier, 1819) Hemigrammus bellottii (Steindachner, 1882) Boulengerella maculata (Valenciennes, 1849) Hemigrammus levis Eigenmann, 1908 Cynodon gibbus Spix, 1829 Poptella compressa (Günther, 1864) Myletes macropomus Cuvier, 1818 (= Myletes nigripinnis Acestrorhynchus minimus Menezes, 1969 Cope, 1878, a synonym) (Cuvier, 1818) Pygocentrus nattereri (Kner, 1860) Metynnis (Myleocollops) hypsauchen (Müllet & Troschel, Brycon stubelii Steindachner, 1883 1844) Iguanodectes spilurus (Günther, 1864) Serrasalmus rhombeus (Linnaeus, 1766)) Hoplias malabaricus (Bloch, 1794) Crenuchus spilurus Günther, 1863 Pyrrhulina semifasciata Steindachner, 1875 Potamorhina pristigaster (Steindachner, 1876) Copeina guttata (Steindachner, 1875) Nannostomus unifasciatus Steindachner, 1876 Annex II (4) Rhytiodus microlepis Kner, 1859 Characiform species from the “Lago do Aleixo” Leporinus friderici (Bloch, 1794) Tetragonopterus argenteus Cuvier, 1816 Leporinus bahiensis Steindachner, 1875 (?) Moenkhausia grandisquamis (Müller & Troschel, 1844) Leporinus hypselonotus Günther, 1868 Astyanax paucidens (Ulrey, 1894) Anostomus vittatus Valenciennes, 1849 Hoplias malabaricus (Bloch, 1794) Anostomus trimaculatus Kner, 1859 Erythrinus erythrinus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Anostomus fasciatus Agassiz, 1829 Pyrrhulina brevis Steindachner, 1875 Anostomus taeniatus Kner, 1859 Psectrogaster amazonica Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 Memiodus gracilis Günther, 1864 (lectotype) Hemiodus semitaeniatus Kner, 1859 Cyphocharax spiluropsis (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889) Hemiodus longiceps Kner, 1859 (cited as spilurus) Anodus elongatus Spix, 1829 Cyphocharax leucostictus (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889) Caenotropus labyrinthicus (Kner, 1859) (paralectotype) Chilodus punctatus Müller & Troschel, 1844 Psectrogaster rutiloides (Kner, 1859) (cotype of isognatus) Psectrogaster ciliata (Müller & Troschel, 1844) Potamorhina latior (Spix, 1829). (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889)

aqua vol. 12 no. 3 - 10 July 2007 122 aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology

Rivulus lazzarotoi n. sp. (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), a new killifish from the Jurumirim River basin, southeastern Brazil

Wilson J. E. M. Costa Laboratório de Ictiologia Geral e Aplicada, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Caixa Postal 68049, CEP 21944-970, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]

Received: 14 November 2006 – Accepted: 06 June 2007

Abstract bares Farbmuster an der Analflosse bei Männchen und Rivulus lazzarotoi n. sp., a member of the R. santensis einen großen, runden Schwanzfleck bei Weibchen. Die species group from the Jurumirim River basin, southeastern Monophylie der R. santensis-Artengruppe wird weiterhin Brazil, is described. It is hypothesized to be closely related to durch eine abgeleitete Anordnung der infraorbitalen Neu- R. simplicis as both uniquely have numerous neuromasts in romasten gestützt. the infraorbital series. Rivulus lazzarotoi differs from R. sim- plicis in having its dorsal-fin origin posteriorly inserted and Résumé a longer pectoral fin in males. It is distinguished from all Rivulus lazzarotoi n. sp., un représentémet du groupe d’e- species of the R. santensis group in possessing minute pelvic spèces R. santensis du bassin de la rivière Jurumirim, au fins, a unique colour pattern on the anal fin in males and a sud-est du Brésil, est décrit. On écrit l’hypothèse de prox- large and round caudal spot in females. Monophyly of the imité avec R. simplicis puisque les deux espèces sont seules R. santensis species group is further supported by a derived à avoir de nombreux neuromastes dans les séries infra- arrangement of infraorbital neuromasts. orbitaires. Rivulus lazzarotoi se distingue de R. simplicis par une insertion postérieure de l’origine de l’anale et de Resumo plus longues pectorales chez les mâles. Il se distingue de Rivulus lazzarotoi, espécie nova, um membro do grupo de toutes le espèces du groupe R. sanensis par de minuscules espécies R. santensis da bacia do rio Jurumirim, sudeste do nageoires pelviennes, un patron de coloration unique de Brasil, é descrita. Ela é hipotetizada ser estreitamente l’anale des mâles et une grande tache arrondie sur la cau- aparentada a R. simplicis pelas duas exclusivamente pos- dale des femelles. La monophylie du groupe R. santensis est suírem numerosos neuromastos na série infra-orbital. Rivu- renforcées par un arrangement dérivé de neuromastes lus lazzarotoi difere de R. simplicis por possuir a origem da infra-orbitaires. nadadeira dorsal inserida posteriormente e nadadeira peitoral mais longa em machos, e se distingue de todas as Sommario espécies do grupo R. santensis por possuir nadadeiras pélvi- Si descrive Rivulus lazzarotoi n. sp., un membro del cas diminutas, um padrão de colorido exclusivo de gruppo di specie R. santensis raccolto nel bacino del fiume nadadeira anal e mancha caudal grande e redonda em Jurumirim, Brasile sudorientale. Si ipotizza che sia stretta- fêmeas. O monofiletismo do grupo de espécies R. santensis é mente imparentato con R. simplicis, poiché entrambi con- adicionalmente sustentado por uma distribuição derivada de dividono la caratteristica unica di avere numerosi neuro- neuromastos infra-orbitais. masti nella serie infraorbitale. Rivulus lazzarotoi differisce da R. simplicis per aver l’inserzione della pinna dorsale più Zusammenfassung arretrata e una pinna pettorale più lunga nei maschi. Si di- Rivulus lazzarotoi n. sp. wird beschrieben, der zur R. san- stingue da tutte le specie del gruppo R. santensis per avere tensis-Artengruppe aus dem Becken des Jurumirim Flusses, pinne pelviche minute, una colorazione particolare della SO-Brasilien, zugeordnet wird. Die Hypothese einer engen pinna anale nei maschi e una grande macchia caudale ton- Verwandtschaft mit R. simplicis wird aufgestellt, da beide deggiante nelle femmine. L’origine monofiletica del Arten zahlreiche infraorbitale Neuromasten aufweisen. Die gruppo di specie R. santensis è ulteriormente confortata neue Art unterscheidet sich aber von R. simplicis durch die dalla disposizione dei neuromasi infraorbitali. weiter hinten ansetzende Rückenflosse und eine längere Brustflosse bei den Männchen. Von allen anderen Arten der R.-santensis-Gruppe unterscheidet sich die neue Art INTRODUCTION durch besonders kleine Bauchflossen, ein unverwechsel- The New World killifish genus Rivulus Poey,

123 aqua vol. 12 no. 3 - 10 July 2007 Rivulus lazzarotoi n. sp. (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), a new killifish from the Jurumirim River basin, southeastern Brazil

1860 is represented by the assemblage known as the according to Taylor & Van Dyke (1985). Termi- Rivulus santensis species group in the river basins of nology follows Hoedeman (1958) for frontal squa- the eastern coast of Brazil (Costa 1998, 2003, 2006). mation and Costa (2001) for cephalic neuromast Species of this assemblage are found in shallow series. The abbreviation c&s means specimens streams and pools within or close to rainforests. It cleared and stained for bone and cartilage. Mater- comprises seven species: Rivulus depressus Costa, ial is deposited in UFRJ, Departamento de Zoolo- 1991, from the João de Tiba River basin, Bahia state; gia da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio R. nudiventris Costa & Brasil, 1991, from the de Janeiro, Brazil. Itapemirim River basin, Espírito Santo state; R. janeiroensis Costa, 1991, from an area between the Macabu and Guandu river basins, Rio de Janeiro Rivulus lazzarotoi n. sp. state; R. simplicis Costa, 2004, from the coastal plains (Figs 1-2) around Paraty, Rio de Janeiro state; R. santensis Köh- ler, 1906, from the area between Ubatuba, São Paulo Holotype: UFRJ 6435, 7, 29.7 mm SL; Brazil: state, and Guaratuba basin, Paraná state; R. luelingi Estado do Rio de Janeiro: Município de Angra dos Seegers, 1984, from the area between Guaratuba Reis, stream close to the road RJ-155, rio Juru- basin, Paraná state, and the coastal basins of northern mirim basin, 22°55’24.7”S 44°18’51.4”W, altitude Santa Catarina state; R. haraldsiolii Berkenkamp, 9 m; W. J. E. M. Costa, C. P. Bove, B. B. Costa & 1984, from the coastal river basins of Santa Catarina J. P. Moreira, 11 March 2006. state (Köhler 1906; Berkenkamp 1984; Seegers Paratypes: UFRJ 6436, 4 7, 21.7-27.8 mm SL, 2 1984; Costa 1991, 2004; Costa & Brasil 1991). A 6, 22.0-23.8 mm SL; collected with holotype. new species with a distinctive colour pattern and UFRJ 7211, 1 7, 31.4 mm SL, 8 6, 21.0-25.7 minute pelvic fins, collected in the Jurumirim River mm SL; same locality; H. Lazzaroto, D. Eberienos, basin, Rio de Janeiro state, is described here. I. Montenegro & J. Prata, 22 August 2005. UFRJ 7213, 2 7, 17.3-26.5 mm SL, 2 6, 19.0-27.1 mm MATERIALS AND METHODS SL (c&s); same locality; H. Lazzaroto, M. Rhein- Measurements and counts follow Costa (1995). gantz & R. Curcio, 1 October 2005. Measurements are presented as percentages of stan- Diagnosis: Rivulus lazzarotoi is distinguished dard length (SL), except for those related to head from all other congeners in having the combina- morphology, which are expressed as percentages of tion of the following features: infraorbital neuro- head length. Fin-ray counts include all elements. masts 1 + 26-27 + 1, arranged in a zigzag row; Number of vertebrae, gill rakers and pectoral, pelvic fin minute, tip not reaching anus, pelvic-fin pelvic and caudal-fin rays were recorded only from length 4.4-6.7% of SL; pectoral-fin length 19.0- cleared and stained specimens. The compound 21.2% of SL; anal fin orange-yellow to reddish caudal centrum was counted as a single element. orange on distal half, with distal narrow black mar- Meristic characters for the holotype are given in gin in males; large, round black spot on dorsal por- parentheses. Osteological preparations were made tion of caudal-fin base in females.

Fig. 1. Rivulus lazzarotoi, UFRJ 6435, male, holotype, 29.7 mm SL (some hours after collection); Brazil: Estado do Rio de Janeiro: Angra dos Reis. Photo by W. J. E. M. Costa. aqua vol. 12 no. 3 - 10 July 2007 124 Wilson J. E. M. Costa

Table I. Morphometric data of Rivulus lazzarotoi.

Holotype Males Females (n = 5) (n = 4) Standard length (mm) 29.7 21.7-31.4 22.0-25.7 Percentages of standard length Body depth 19.1 18.8-20.6 17.9-21.2 Caudal peduncle depth 12.8 12.4-13.6 11.7-14.1 Predorsal length 76.8 76.7-78.7 77.2-78.8 Prepelvic length 55.1 53.8-57.6 54.0-57.3 Length of dorsal-fin base 9.9 8.9- 9.9 8.5- 9.9 Length of anal-fin base 21.2 20.4-23.6 19.0-21.0 Caudal-fin length 38.0 36.4-41.4 36.1-40.4 Pectoral-fin length 19.5 19.4-21.7 19.0-21.2 Pelvic-fin length 6.3 5.2- 6.7 4.4- 6.6 Head length 25.4 25.4-27.6 24.6-27.9 Percentages of head length Head depth 65.4 60.4-65.5 59.5-65.4 Head width 77.0 73.8-77.0 74.0-78.1 Snout length 13.1 12.5-13.4 11.6-13.0 Lower jaw length 19.5 18.5-22.6 18.0-20.2 Eye diameter 33.0 31.3-37.3 33.7-35.7

Description: Morphometric characters appear in bases medially separated by short interspace, about Table I. Largest male examined 31.4 mm SL; equal to pelvic-fin base width; dorsal-fin origin in largest female examined 25.7 mm SL; dorsal pro- vertical through base of eleventh or twelth anal-fin file slightly convex, almost straight, from snout to rays, between neural spines of vertebrae 21 and 23; end of dorsal-fin base, approximately straight on anal-fin origin between pleural ribs of vertebrae 14 caudal peduncle; ventral profile gently convex from and 16; dorsal-fin rays 8-9 (9); anal-fin rays 14-15 lower jaw to anal-fin origin, nearly straight along (15); caudal-fin rays 32-34; pectoral-fin rays 14; caudal peduncle; body slender, subcylindrical ante- pelvic-fin rays 5-6. riorly, slightly wider than deep, to compressed pos- Scales large, cycloid; body and head entirely scaled, teriorly; greatest body depth at level of pelvic-fin except on anteroventral surface of head; no scales on base; jaws short, snout blunt to slightly pointed. dorsal and anal-fin bases; scales extending on ante- Dorsal and anal fins rounded in both sexes, rior 40% of caudal fin; frontal squamation E-pat- slightly longer in males; caudal fin elliptical; pec- terned, frontal scales circularly arranged around A- toral fin rounded, its posterior margin reaching scale without free margins; E-scales not overlapping; vertical anterior to pelvic-fin base, about 60-70% no row of scales anterior to H-scale; supraorbital distance between bases of pectoral and pelvic fins; scales 2; longitudinal series of scales 33-34 (34); pelvic fin minute, tip not reaching anus; pelvic-fin transverse series of scales 7; scale rows around caudal peduncle 16; minute contact organ on posterior margin of some scales of midventral portion of flank in males, often absent; no contact organs on fin rays. Cephalic neuromasts: supraorbital 3 + 3, parietal 2, anterior rostral 1, posterior rostral 1, infraorbital 1 + 26-27 (27) + 1, preorbital 2, otic 1, post-otic 2, supratemporal 1, median opercular 1, ventral oper- cular 2, preopercular 2 + 4-5 (4), mandibular 4 + 2, Fig. 2. Rivulus lazzarotoi, UFRJ 6436, female, paratype, lateral mandibular 3, paramandibular 1; one neuro- 23.8 mm SL (some hours after collection); Brazil: Estado do mast per scale of lateral line, sometimes absent in Rio de Janeiro: Angra dos Reis. Photo by W. J. E. M. Costa. few scales; two neuromasts on caudal-fin base.

125 aqua vol. 12 no. 3 - 10 July 2007 Rivulus lazzarotoi n. sp. (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), a new killifish from the Jurumirim River basin, southeastern Brazil

Basihyal subtriangular, greatest width about 50% line; pelvic fin reddish orange with narrow ante- of length; basihyal cartilage about 25% of total rior black margin. length of basihyal; six branchiostegal rays; second Females: Side of body light brown with pale blue pharyngobranchial teeth 1-2; gill rakers on first dots; dorsum light yellowish brown, with longitu- branchial arch 1 + 9; vomerine teeth 3; dermo- dinal row of transversely elongated brown spots on sphenotic present; ventral process of posttemporal lateral portion of dorsum; venter pale yellow; side absent; total vertebrae 33-34. of head light brown, opercle pale golden; jaws pale Coloration. Males: Side of body pale blue, orange; iris light yellow; dorsal fin hyaline, with red around some scales to form irregularly shaped three transverse brown stripes; anal fin light blue oblique marks; dorsum light orange, with longitu- with brown dots on basal half, orange-pink on dis- dinal row of transversely elongated brown spots on tal half; caudal fin hyaline with 5-6 transverse rows lateral portion of dorsum; venter reddish orange; of small brown spots; large, round black spot on side of head orange, opercle pale golden; jaws red- dorsal portion of caudal-fin base, reaching dorsal dish orange; iris light blue; dorsal fin hyaline, dis- margin of fin, preceded by small light blue spot; tal portion pale blue with narrow dark grey mar- pectoral fin hyaline; pelvic fin orange-hyaline. gin; anal fin orange-yellow to reddish orange on Distribution and habitat: Known only from the distal half, with marginal narrow black line on dis- type locality, a stream within dense secondary for- tal portion, light blue with red dots on basal por- est vegetation; water clear, pH 6.1; during collec- tion; caudal fin pale yellow with light blue dots, tion of the holotype, the water temperature was dorsal portion pale blue with narrow dark grey 25.5°C at 10:40 a.m. margin, ventral portion reddish orange with mar- Etymology: The new species is named after Hen- ginal narrow black line; pectoral fin yellowish hya- rique Lazzaroto, its first collector.

Fig. 3. Diagrammatic representation of neuromasts of the head, lateral view, of Rivulus lazzarotoi, UFRJ 6435, male, holo- type, 29.7 mm SL. Abbreviations: fio, first infraorbital neuromast; lio, last infraorbital neuromast; lma, last mandibular neu- romast; lm, lateral mandibular series; mo, median opercular neuromast; ot, otic neuromast; pa, parietal neuromast; pm, para- mandibular neuromast; po1-6, preopercular neuromast 1-6; pob, preorbital series; pot, post-otic series; pso, posterior supra- orbital series; st, supratemporal neuromast; vio, ventral infraorbital series; vo, ventral opercular series. aqua vol. 12 no. 3 - 10 July 2007 126 Wilson J. E. M. Costa

Discussion: Monophyly of the genus Rivulus is around the orbit as in other aplocheiloid fishes. weakly supported by morphological characters (e. Besides this uncommon arrangement, infraorbital g. Costa 2006), but it is not corroborated by mol- neuromasts are more numerous in the R. santensis ecular data (Hrbek & Larson 1999, Murphy et al. species group than in other congeners (1 + 19-28 + 1999). However, some assemblages of Rivulus are 1, vs. 1 + 9-16 + 1). well corroborated both by morphology and mole- Among species of the R. santensis group, higher cules (Costa 2006). This is the case of the Rivulus counts of infraorbital neuromasts are found in R. santensis species group, which has been diagnosed lazzarotoi (1 + 26-27 + 1) and R. simplicis (1 + 24- by an apomorphic curved shape of the ventral 28 + 1, vs. 1 + 19-24 + 1 in other species of the R. process of the angulo-articular bone (Costa 1998, santensis group), suggesting that they are more 2006). Another feature not found elsewhere closely related species. Both species are known among aplocheiloids except in the R. santensis from isolated plains in the Ilha Grande Bay (Fig. species group is the peculiar arrangement of the 4), which is enclosed by hills, some reaching about neuromasts of the infraorbital series (Fig. 3). 1000 m height. Rivulus simplicis is endemic to a Uniquely in species of this group, the neuromasts small plain area around the city of Paraty, whereas are arranged in a zigzag pattern, instead of aligned R. lazzarotoi occurs in another small plain area, in

Fig. 4. Geographic distribution of Rivulus lazzarotoi (diamond – green colour) and R. simplicis (dot – red colour).

127 aqua vol. 12 no. 3 - 10 July 2007 Rivulus lazzarotoi n. sp. (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), a new killifish from the Jurumirim River basin, southeastern Brazil the Jurumirim River basin, which is about 90 km systematics and biogeography of the neotropical annual fish from Paraty along the coast. subfamily. Tropical Fish Hobbyist, Neptune City, 128 pp. Rivulus lazzarotoi is distinguished from R. simpli- COSTA, W. J. E. M. 1998. Phylogeny and classification of cis in having its dorsal-fin origin in a vertical Rivulidae revisited: origin and evolution of annualism and miniaturization in rivulid fishes. Journal of Compar- through the base of the eleventh or twelth anal-fin ative Biology 3: 33–92. rays (vs. through the base of ninth or tenth anal-fin COSTA, W. J. E. M. 2001. The neotropical annual fish genus rays) and a longer pectoral fin in males (pectoral- Cynolebias (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae): phylogenetic fin length 19.4-21.7% SL vs. 17.5-19.2% SL). relationships, taxonomic revision and biogeography. Rivulus lazzarotoi differs from all other species of Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters 12: 333-383. the R. santensis group, including R. simplicis, by COSTA, W. J. E. M. 2003. Family Rivulidae (South Ameri- having a minute pelvic fin, its tip not reaching the can annual fishes). In: Check list of the freshwater fishes of anus, pelvic-fin length 4.4-6.7 % SL (vs. reaching South and Central America (Eds. R. E. Reis, S. O. Kullan- der & C. J. Ferraris Jr.): 526-548. Edipucrs, Porto Alegre. urogenital papilla, pelvic-fin length 6.7-11.3% SL COSTA, W. J. E. M. 2004. Rivulus simplicis n. sp. (Cyprin- in other species of the R. santensis group, except R. odontiformes: Rivulidae): a new killifish from the coastal nudiventris, in which the pelvic fin is absent), anal plains of south-eastern Brazil. aqua, Journal of Ichthyology fin orange-yellow to reddish orange on distal half, and Aquatic Biology 8: 103-108. with distal narrow black margin in males (vs. COSTA, W. J. E. M. 2006. Relationships and taxonomy of greenish yellow with a narrow red margin in R. the killifish genus Rivulus (Cyprinodontiformes: simplicis, or greenish yellow with a dark grey to Aplocheiloidei: Rivulidae) from the Brazilian Amazonas black margin in the remaining species of the river basin, with notes on historical ecology. aqua, Jour- nal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology 11: 133-175. group) and a large, round black spot on the dorsal COSTA, W. J. E. M. & BRASIL, G. C. 1991. Description of portion of the caudal-fin base in females, extending a new species of Rivulus (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) to fin margin (vs. small, usually triangular spot, not from the coastal plains of eastern Brazil. Ichthyological reaching caudal-fin margin). Exploration of Freshwaters 1: 379-383. HOEDEMAN, J. J. 1958. The frontal scalation pattern in ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS some groups of toothcarps (Pisces, Cyprinodontiformes). Thanks are due to Claudia P. Bove, Bruno B. Costa Bulletin of Aquatic Biology 1: 23-28. and João Pedro P. Moreira for help during collec- HRBEK, T. & LARSON, A. 1999. The diapause in the killi- fish family Rivulidae (Atherinomorpha, Cyprinodontif- tions, and to Henrique Lazzaroto for collecting and ormes): a molecular phylogenetic and biogeographic per- making available material from the new species. This spective. Evolution 53: 1200-1216. study was supported by CNPq (Conselho Nacional KÖHLER, W. 1906. Diesjährige Neuheiten in Wort und de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico – Bild, 3: Neu importierte Rivulus-Arten. Blätter für Ministério de Ciência e Tecnologia) and Programa Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde 17: 404-408. Cientistas do Nosso Estado by FAPERJ (Fundação MURPHY, W. J., THOMERSON, J. E. & COLLIER, G. E. de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro). 1999. Phylogeny of the neotropical killifish family Rivul- idae (Cyprinodontiformes, Aplocheiloidei) inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences. Molecular and Phyloge- REFERENCES netic Evolution 13: 289-301. BERKENKAMP, H. O. 1984. Eine neue Bachlingsart aus SEEGERS, L. 1984. Zur Revision der Rivulus-Arten Südost- dem Staat Sta. Catarina/Brasilien, Rivulus haraldsiolii Brasiliens, mit einer Neubeschreibung von Rivulus spec. nov. (Pisces – Rivulidae). Amazoniana 8: 429-439. luelingi n. sp. und Rivulus caudomarginatus n. sp. (Pisces: COSTA, W. J. E. M. 1991. Description of two new species Cyprinodontidae: Rivulinae). Zoologische Beiträge 28: of the genus Rivulus (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) 271-320. from eastern South American coastal plains. Revue Suisse TAYLOR, W. R. & VAN DYKE, G. C. (1985) Revised proce- de Zoologie 98: 581-587. dures for staining and clearing small fishes and other ver- COSTA, W. J. E. M. 1995. Pearl killifishes - the Cynolebiatinae: tebrates for bone and cartilage study. Cybium 9: 107-109.

aqua vol. 12 no. 3 - 10 July 2007 128 aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology

Cynolebias paraguassuensis n. sp. (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), a new seasonal killifish from the Brazilian Caatinga, Paraguaçu River basin

Wilson J. E. M. Costa1, Rogério Suzart2 and Dalton T. B. Nielsen2 1) Laboratório de Ictiologia Geral e Aplicada, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Caixa Postal 68049, CEP 21944-970, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 2) Laboratório de Zoologia, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Taubaté, Praça Marcelino Monteiro 63, CEP 12030-010, Taubaté, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.

Received: 12 Decmber 2006 – Accepted: 10 May 2007

Abstract Sommario Cynolebias paraguassuensis n. sp., a median sized species Si descrive Cynolebias paraguassuensis n. sp., una specie di from the Paraguaçu River basin, northeastern Brazil, is medie dimensioni del bacino del fiume Paraguaçu, Brasile described, constituting the first record of a rivulid fish for nordorientale, che rappresenta la prima segnalazione di that basin. It is similar to C. itapicuruensis and C. vazabar- rivulide in questo bacino. È simile a C. itapicuruensis e risensis in having dentary teeth strongly bowed. It is distin- C. vazabarrisensis per avere denti molto ricurvi. Si di- guished from C. itapicuruensis and C. vazabarrisensis in stingue da C. itapicuruensis e C. vazabarrisensis poiché i possessing a longer pectoral fin in males and light blue dots maschi posseggono una pinna pettorale più lunga e pun- over the entire anal fin in males. tini blu chiaro lungo tutta la pinna anale.

Resumo INTRODUCTION Cynolebias paraguassuensis Costa, Suzart & Nielsen, n. Cynolebias Steindachner, 1876 is a genus of killi- sp., uma espécie de tamanho médio da bacia do rio fishes inhabiting temporary pools of central and Paraguaçu, nordeste do Brasil, é descrita, constituindo o northeastern Brazil. Twelve species were recognized primeiro registro de um peixe rivulídeo para aquela bacia. as valid in the recent taxonomic revision of the Ela se assemelha a C. itapicuruensis e C. vazabarrisensis por possuir os dentes do dentário fortemente arqueados. Ela se genus (Costa, 2001). One species, C. griseus Costa, distingue de C. itapicuruensis e C. vazabarrisensis por pos- Lacerda & Brasil, 1990 is found in the upper sec- suir nadadeira peitoral mais comprida em machos e pontos tion of the rio Tocantins basin, central Brazil, in azul claros sobre toda a nadadeira anal em machos. the savanna-like region of Cerrado (Costa et al. 1990, Costa, 2001). All other species of Cynolebias Zusammenfassung are endemic to northeastern Brazil, usually occur- Cynolebias paraguassuensis n. sp., eine Art mittlerer ring in the vast semi-arid area known as Caatinga, Größe, wird aus dem Paraguaçu-Becken, NO-Brasilien, or sometimes in more humid areas on the coastal beschrieben. Es ist der erste Nachweis eines Rivuliden aus plains: C. porosus Steindachner, 1876 from the diesem Becken. Die neue Art ähnelt C. itapicuruensis und C. vazabarrisensis in dem Merkmal der stark gebogenen coastal plains of Pernambuco state; C. microphthal- Kieferzähne. Sie unterscheidet sich von C. itapicuruensis mus Costa & Brasil, 1995 from the Jaguaribe River und C. vazabarrisensis durch längere Brustflossen bei den basin and adjacent coastal areas; C. itapicuruensis Männchen und hellblaue Punkte auf der gesamten After- Costa, 2001 from the Itapicuru River basin; C. flosse beim Männchen. vazabarrisensis Costa, 2001 from the Vazabarris River basin; and C. albipunctatus Costa & Brazil, Résumé 1991 C. altus Costa, 2001 C. attenuatus Costa, On décrit ici Cynolebias paraguassuensis n. sp., une espeè 2001 C. gibbus Costa, 2001 C. gilbertoi Costa, de taille moyenne du bassin de la rivière Paraguaçu, au 1998 C. leptocephalus Costa & Brasil, 1993 and C. nord-est du Brésil, et il s’agit du premir relevé d’un Rivulidé pour ce bassin. Elle est analogue à C. itapicuruen- perforatus Costa & Brasil, 1991 from the São Fran- sis et à C. vazabarrisensis par les dents de denture fortement cisco River basin (Steindachner 1876; Costa & arquées. Elle se distingue de C. itapicuruensis et de C. vaza- Brasil 1991, 1993; Costa, 1995, 1998, 2001). The barrisensis par de plus longues pectorales chez les mâles et new species herein described was collected in the des taches bleu clair sur toute l’anale des mâles. Paraguaçu River basin, which occupies a large

129 aqua vol. 12 no. 3 - 10 July 2007 Cynolebias paraguassuensis n. sp. (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae): a new seasonal killifish from the Brazilian Caatinga, Paraguaçu River basin drainage area of northeastern Brazil and the main mm SL; UFRJ 6457, 1 7, 40.5 mm SL, 2 6, river extends for 496 km. This constitutes the first 42.0-42.3 mm SL (c&s); same locality; R. Suzart record of a rivulid for this basin. & D. T. B. Nielsen, February 2006. Diagnosis: Distinguished from all congeners by MATERIALS AND METHODS the following combination of features: dentary Measurements and counts follow Costa (1995). teeth strongly bowed, posterior margin reaching Measurements are presented as percentages of stan- vertical through base of fifth or sixth anal-fin ray in dard length (SL), except for those related to head males and light blue dots over entire anal fin in morphology, which are expressed as percentages of males. head length. Fin-ray counts include all elements. Description: Morphometric data appear in Table Numbers of vertebrae, gill rakers and pectoral, pelvic I. Largest male examined 58.6 mm SL; largest and caudal-fin rays were recorded only from cleared female examined 43.9 mm SL; dorsal profile con- and stained specimens; the compound caudal cen- vex from snout to end of dorsal-fin base, approxi- trum was counted as a single element. Osteological mately straight on caudal peduncle; ventral profile preparations were made according to Taylor & Van convex from lower jaw to end of anal-fin base, Dyke (1985). Terminology follows Hoedeman nearly straight along caudal peduncle; body mod- (1958) for frontal squamation and Costa (2001) for erately deep, compressed; greatest body depth at cephalic neuromast series. The abbreviation c&s level of pectoral-fin base; jaws short, snout blunt. means specimens cleared and stained for bone and Dorsal and anal fins pointed in males, rounded in cartilage. Material is deposited in UFRJ, Departa- females; anal fin tip with short filamentous rays in mento de Zoologia da Universidade Federal do Rio males; caudal fin rounded; pectoral fin elliptical, its de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. posterior margin reaching vertical through base of fifth or sixth anal-fin ray in males and vertical between pelvic-fin base and anus in females; pelvic Cynolebias paraguassuensis n. sp. fin pointed, tip reaching between base of third and (Figs 1-2) fifth anal-fin rays in males and between base of sec- ond and third anal-fin rays in females; pelvic-fin Holotype: UFRJ 6454, 7, 58.6 mm SL; Brazil: bases medially separated by short interspace, about Estado da Bahia: Município de Itaberaba, tempo- equal pelvic-fin base width; dorsal-fin origin in ver- rary pool close to the road BA-488, near riacho tical through base of sixth anal-fin ray in males, Novo, a tributary of rio Paraguaçu, about 12°20’S between base of third and fifth anal-fin rays in 40o00’W, R. Suzart, May 2006. females; dorsal-fin origin between neural spines of Paratypes: UFRJ 6455, 5 6, 42.6-43.9 mm SL; vertebrae 14 and 15; anal-fin origin between collected with holotype. UFRJ 6456, 1 7, 43.8 pleural ribs of vertebrae 11 and 12; dorsal-fin rays 15-17; anal-fin rays 19-21 in males, 18-19 in females; caudal-fin rays 31; pectoral-fin rays 15; pelvic-fin rays 6. Scales small, cycloid; body and head entirely scaled, except on anteroventral surface of head; no scales on dorsal fin base; scales slightly extending over middle of anal-fin base; scales extending on anterior 25% of caudal fin; frontal region with small scales irregularly arranged; scale with all mar- gins free on central portion of frontal region; supraorbital scales 9-10; longitudinal series of scales 36-39; transverse series of scales 15; scale rows around caudal peduncle 20; contact organs absent on flanks; minute papillate contact organs Fig. 1. Cynolebias paraguassuensis, UFRJ 6454, male holo- on inner surface of five dorsalmost pectoral-fin rays type, 58.6 mm SL, above, UFRJ 6455, female paratype, in males. 42.6 mm SL, below; Brazil: Estado da Bahia: Itaberaba. Cephalic neuromasts: supraorbital 27-28, parietal Photo by W. J. E. M. Costa. 3-5, anterior rostral 3, posterior rostral 3, infraor- aqua vol. 12 no. 3 - 10 July 2007 130 Wilson J. E. M. Costa, Rogério Suzart and Dalton T. B. Nielsen

Table I. Morphometric data of Cynolebias paraguassuensis.

Holotype Males Females (n = 3) (n = 5)

Standard length (mm) 58.6 40.5-58.6 42.6-43.9 Percentages of standard length Body depth 33.6 29.6-33.6 30.0-31.5 Caudal peduncle depth 15.9 13.8-15.9 13.2-13.6 Predorsal length 63.9 63.8-66.1 63.9-67.3 Prepelvic length 51.0 51.0-55.8 54.1-57.0 Length of dorsal-fin base 28.8 25.9-28.8 24.4-25.7 Length of anal-fin base 31.5 30.8-32.3 25.2-27.5 Caudal-fin length 34.4 34.4-36.9 30.7-35.7 Pectoral-fin length 27.2 27.2-28.3 23.8-26.0 Pelvic-fin length 9.1 9.1-10.8 9.9-11.5 Head length 31.3 31.3-34.8 31.6-32.8 Percentages of head length Head depth 96.7 88.8-96.7 89.2-94.1 Head width 72.8 72.0-75.2 74.7-79.1 Snout length 12.4 12.3-13.1 12.8-13.5 Lower jaw length 23.1 22.0-25.6 19.5-23.2 Eye diameter 22.9 22.7-26.7 26.6-28.2 bital 37, preorbital 4, otic 7-8, post-otic 6-7, Coloration. Males: Side of body dark brown, supratemporal 2, median opercular 1, ventral oper- with narrow pale golden bars and vertical rows of cular 3, preopercular plus mandibular 51-55, lat- pale blue dots; dorsum brown; venter pale orange; eral mandibular 6 + 9, paramandibular 1; one neu- side of head brown, opercle pale golden; small romast per scale of lateral line; two neuromasts on black spots on dorsoposterior portion of head side caudal-fin base. and anterodorsal portion of trunk side; jaws Teeth conical, dentary teeth strongly bowed; basi- brown; iris dark brown; dorsal and caudal fins dark hyal subtriangular, greatest width about 65% of brown with bluish white dots; anal fin reddish length; basihyal cartilage about 25% of total length brown with light blue dots; pectoral fin hyaline; of basihyal; six branchiostegal rays; second pharyn- pelvic fin reddish brown. gobranchial absent; gill-rakers on first branchial Females: Side of body light brown with pale dark arch 3 + 11; vomerine teeth absent; dermosphe- grey bars; one or two black spots on anterocentral notic absent; ventral process of posttemporal part of flank; dorsum light brown; venter light absent; total vertebrae 34. grey; side of head light brown, opercle pale golden;

Fig. 2. Cynolebias paraguassuensis, UFRJ 6456, young male paratype, 43.8 mm SL (one week after collection); Brazil: Estado da Bahia: Itaberaba. Photo by W. J. E. M. Costa.

131 aqua vol. 12 no. 3 - 10 July 2007 Cynolebias paraguassuensis n. sp. (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae): a new seasonal killifish from the Brazilian Caatinga, Paraguaçu River basin jaws light brown; iris pale yellow; dorsal fin hya- conditions not occurring in C. paraguassuensis (e. g. line, with faint grey spots on basal portion; caudal, anteroventral portion of autopalatine long, vomer- pectoral, pelvic and anal fins hyaline. ine teeth absent). The dentary teeth of C. gilbertoi Distribution and habitat: The new species is are not bowed as in C. paraguassuensis, C. itapicu- known only from the type locality, a temporary ruensis and C. vazabarrisensis. Cynolebias paraguas- pool in the Caatinga, near Riacho Novo, suensis also differs from C. gilbertoi by possessing Paraguaçu River basin, Bahia, northeastern Brazil. 31 caudal-fin rays (vs. 26-29), 15 pectoral-fin rays Etymology: The name paraguassuensis is an allu- (vs. 12-13), 3 ventral opercular neuromasts (vs. 5- sion to the occurrence of the new species in the 6), and 36-39 scales on the longitudinal series (vs. Paraguaçu River basin. 31-35). Discussion: Cynolebias paraguassuensis is a mem- ber of a clade containing C. itapicuruensis and C. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vazabarrisensis diagnosed by the dentary teeth This study was partly funded by CNPq (Con- being strongly bowed, a condition not found else- selho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e where among cynolebiatines (“Clade d” in Costa Tecnológico – Ministério de Ciência e Tecnologia) 2001). It is distinguished from C. itapicuruensis and FAPERJ (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do and C. vazabarrisensis by having a longer pectoral Estado do Rio de Janeiro). fin in males (posterior margin reaching vertical through base of fifth or sixth anal-fin ray vs between base of second and fourth rays) and light REFERENCES blue dots over the entire anal fin in males (vs light COSTA, W. J. E. M. 1995. Pearl killifishes - the Cynolebi- blue dots on basal portion of fin, light blue stripes atinae: systematics and biogeography of the neotropical annual fish subfamily. Tropical Fish Hobbyist. Neptune on distal portion). City, 128 pp. Species of Cynolebias usually are large voracious COSTA, W. J. E. M. 1998. Cynolebias gilbertoi, a new killifishes, supposedly preying on small species of species of annual fish (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) the genus Simpsonichthys Carvalho, 1959 (Costa, from the rio São Francisco basin, northeastern Brazil. 2001). However, C. paraguassuensis is a median Cybium 22: 237-243. sized killifish species, smaller than its closely COSTA, W. J. E. M. 2001. The neotropical annual fish genus related species. The largest male collected in Feb- Cynolebias (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae): phylogenetic ruary was 43.8 mm SL and at the end of the rainy relationships, taxonomic revision and biogeography. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters 12: 333-383. season three months later, the largest male was 58.6 COSTA, W. J. E. M. & BRASIL, G. C. 1991. Three new mm SL. Other species of Cynolebias studied in the species of Cynolebias (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) field during recent years, including the most basal from the São Francisco basin, Brazil. Ichthyological Explo- lineages of the genus, reach between about 80 and ration of Freshwaters 2: 55-62. 135 mm SL (Costa, 2001). The only exception is COSTA, W. J. E. M. & BRASIL, G. C. 1993. Two new C. gilbertoi, a species endemic to the middle São species of Cynolebias (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) Francisco River basin, which reaches 57.9 mm SL from the São Francisco basin, Brazil, with notes on phy- as maximum adult size, a condition considered to logeny and biogeography of annual fishes. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters 4: 193-200. be apomorphic by Costa (2001), and similar to the COSTA, W. J. E. M., LACERDA, M. T., C. & BRASIL, G. C. maximum size recorded for C. paraguassuensis. 1990. Description de deux nouvelles espèces du genre However, the examination of osteological features Cynolebias du bassin du Rio Tocantins (Cyprinodontif- clearly indicates that C. gilbertoi and C. paraguas- ormes, Rivulidae). Revue Française d’Aquariologie 17: 9-14. suensis are not closely related species, and conse- HOEDEMAN, J. J. 1958. The frontal scalation pattern in quently the smaller size was independently some groups of toothcarps (Pisces, Cyprinodontiformes). acquired in both species. Cynolebias gilbertoi is a Bulletin of Aquatic Biology 1: 23-28. member of a clade, also including C. perforatus, C. STEINDACHNER, F. 1876. Ichthyologische Beiträge (V). Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wis- altus, C. leptocephalus, C. attenuatus, and C. gibbus senschaften in Wien (Abteilung 1) 74: 49-240, pls. 1-15. (“Clade e” in Costa, 2001), diagnosed by derived TAYLOR, W. R. & VAN DYKE, G. C. 1985. Revised proce- features such as anteroventral portion of autopala- dures for staining and clearing small fishes and other ver- tine vestigial or absent and vomerine teeth present, tebrates for bone and cartilage study. Cybium 9: 107-109.

aqua vol. 12 no. 3 - 10 July 2007 132 Guidelines for Authors 1. Manuscript preparation: manuscripts must be sub- BLABER, S. J. M. 1980. Fish of the Trnity inlet system mitted in English. In exceptional cases aqua may pro- of North Queensland, with notes on the ecology vide translations of manuscripts written in French, Ger- of fish faunas of tropical Indo-Pacific estuaries. man, Italian, or Spanish. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 31:137-46. Manuscripts must be word-processed in Microsoft WORD and submitted in an electronic form. Generic, DAY, J. H., BLABER, S. J. M., & WALLACE, J. H. 1981. specific, and sub-specific names must be italicised. All Estuarine fishes. In: Estuarine Ecology with Parti- papers must conform to the International Code of Zoo- cular Reference to Southern Africa. (Ed. J.H. Day.): logical Nomenclature. Authors are strongly advised to 197-221. A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam. follow the format set out in previous publications of aqua. DIMMICH, W. W. 1988. Ultrastructure of North Ame- rican cyprinid maxillary barbels. Copeia 1988 (1): 2. Title: the title must be short and should precisely 72-79. identify the main topic of the article. Names of genera TREWAVAS, E. 1983. Tilapiine Fishes of the Genera or species are followed by the systematic group to which Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Danakilia. they belong. Author name(s) are given in full beneath British Museum (Natural History), London, 583 pp. the title, followed by the complete mailing and e-mail address(es). 7. Submission of manuscript and illustrations: The manuscript and illustrations must be submitted digi- 3. Abstract: the abstract should not exceed 250 words tally to the Scientific Editor: and draw attention to the principal conclusions. It should not contain any uncommon abbreviations or lit- Dr. Friedhelm Krupp erature citations. The inclusion of abstracts in other lan- Senckenberg Research Institute guages is optional. Senckenberganlage 25 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany 5. Subject matter: the text of the manuscript is usually E-mail: [email protected] arranged in four main sections: Introduction, Materials Tel: +49-69-7542.1255, Fax: +49-69-7542.1253 and methods (including a key to abbreviations), Results, and Discussion. Other subdivisions may be to whom all subsequent correspondence shall be chosen depending on the material presented. Acknowl- addressed. Texts, tables, and graphs should be in edgements should be placed between the text and refer- Microsoft-compatible electronic form. ences. After the paper has been accepted for publication, illus- Scientific names of genera, species, and subspecies trations as high-resolution TIF files or original pho- should be followed by the name(s) of author(s) and the tographs (ideally transparencies; otherwise glossy year of publication on first mention. A description of a prints, preferably in the size in which they will appear - new taxon must contain the following sections: Mater- the type area of aqua is 158 x 224 mm, one column is ial, Diagnosis, Description, and Affinities. Holotype 76 mm wide) must be sent to: and paratypes must be clearly identified, the institution Aquapress, The Managing Editor in which they have been deposited named, and the cat- Via G. Falcone 11, alogue numbers given. Private collections are not 27010 Miradolo Terme (Pavia), Italy acceptable as repositories for holotypes. E-mail: [email protected] Synonyms must be arranged in chronological order. Authors should retain copies of all materials for refer- Identification keys must be dichotomous. ence. The metric system and SI units must be used. Proofs of accepted papers will be sent as PDF files by e- Temperatures are given in °C. Fractions should not be mail attachment to the corresponding author. used. 8. Evaluation of manuscripts: manuscripts will be eval- 6. References to literature: the name-year system must uated by the editors and referees. Papers are accepted on be used. The list of references should be placed at the the understanding that they have not and will not be end of the paper, alphabetically arranged according to published elsewhere. author name. Only those publications cited in the paper may be included. Titles of journals must be given in 9. Reprints: Authors will receive one free copy of the full. issue in which their paper appears and an e-print in PDF format. Additional copies may be ordered from Examples of correct reference formats: Aquapress. aqua International Journal of Ichthyology Vol. 12 (3), 10 July 2007

Contents:

John E. Randall: Descriptions of four new shrimpgobies of the genus Vanderhorstia from the western Pacific ...... 89-100

Gerald R. Allen: Hoplolatilus erdmanni, a new species of sand tilefish (Pisces: Malacanthidae) from western New Guinea ...... 101-106

Jacques Géry: Rediscovery of the rare curimatid fish Curimatopsis microlepis Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 (Teleostei: Characiformes) in the Rio Purus basin, Brazil, with a note on some Amazonian localities of the Thayer Expedition to Brazil in 1865 and 1866 ...... 107-122

Wilson J. E. M. Costa: Rivulus lazzarotoi n. sp. (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), a new killifish from the Jurumirim River basin, southeastern Brazil ...... 123-128

Wilson J. E. M. Costa, Rogério Suzart and Dalton T. B. Nielsen: Cynolebias paraguassuensis n. sp. (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), a new seasonal killifish from the Brazilian Caatinga, Paraguaçu River basin ...... 129-132

Papers appearing in this journal are indexed in: Zoological Record; Biolis – Biologische Literatur Information Senckenberg; www.aquapress-bleher.com; www.aquapress-bleher.com; www.Joachim-Frische.com; www.aquageo.com

Cover photo: Curimatopsis microlepis from the Lago Aiapuá, lower Purus basin, Amazonas, Brazil. Photo by H. Bleher.

Collecting Curimatopsis microlepis in the Lago Aiapuá region, lower Purus basin, Amazonas, Brazil. Photo by N. Khardina.