R AILROADIANA.

A EWH IST RY r E L N O o NG AND,

P I C U R E S U E BI R AP H I C AL H I ST R I C AL L E G E DA R A N D T Q , OG , O , N Y

A I A I A N K ET NT QU R S C H E S .

D ESC RI P TI VE OF

N IT TH E RAILR AD TH E VIC I Y OF O S ,

T ER ES F I R S S I .

W I T H A M A P A N D I L L U S T R A T I O N S .

" I LO N DO N A N D B I RM I N G H A M RA I LW A Y .

L O N D O N

T ’ I MPK IN M R H LL AND C o. TI ONER T. S , A S A , S A S C OUR

8 8 1 3 . Th e p ers o n c ha rgi ng t hi s m a t e ri a l i s re s p on s ibl e for i t s ret ur n t o th e lib r a r y from whi c h i t w a s wi t hd r a w n on or b efo r e t h e l t t Da t a m e l o a e s e s t p d b e w .

' Th e f t ut i a t io n a nd und e r i ni n o f b oo ks a re re a s o n s , m l , l g f o r d i s c i pl i na ry a c t i o n a nd ma y re s ult i n d i s m i s s a l f ro m t h e Uni ve rs i t y.

To re ne w ( a l l Te e h o ne C e nt e r 333 - 8 400 l p ,

UN IVERS ITY O F ILLINO IS l IBRARY AT URBANA‘ C HAMPAIG N TH E experience of a recent excursion on the ondon and~ ¢ fi m R l ll ll c Birmingha ai way , origina y suggested the idea of co e ting

the information contained in the foll owing pages . It was a fine

A th e al day in utumn , and in the few hours between arriv of the

of l u to first and the departure the ast train , the writers so ght make themselves acquainted with the scenery and hi story of

T N oul RING . otwithstanding it may be thought these c d be

w l i n compressed ithin narrow imits , that time was consumed

for l i seeking pre iminary information , which m ght have been

n l l l oy adva tageous y as well as agreeab y emp ed in using it . The moment came when they were obliged to enter the Ra ilway

u l l l a xi ium, or ose the ast conveyance , and they found them selves tantalized with a knowledge that they had been oc cupied

z on l l of in ga ing what east deserved attention , whi e objects

2 03 60 6 V I T I N RO D UCTI ON .

Bu superior interest had escaped them . t the error they

l R l l l dep ored was not to be repaired . e ent ess as o d Time him

l k — u l se f, the driver ta es his seat the a xi ium starts and the

un ifi tourists return grat ed .

To l — u speak more serious y the rapid comm nication , now

f l l ef ected by rai ways between p aces remote from each other , is working a mighty change in the relations of different parts of

o the Empire . The man of pleasure may find it an amusement t

t l li terar Railr oad s udy these , but neverthe ess a y , to assist him fi in the taskf will prove not less important than the iron one by

hi l h w ch he passes over the ground . To supp y suc a desideratum to o t o l of satisfy curi sity , and spare the toi and irksomeness

l n of . hurried and wearyi g enquiries , is the object this vo ume

It has been trul y remarked by an author whose attenti on was early awakened to the c onsequenc es of the application of steam

ll to common road trave ing, that the stations , as they are

ll ll l of ca ed , wi a ways be fixed in the vicinity some town of

a of n of importance , many of which , thous nds the i habitants

u of l London have not had an opport nity visiting , whi st , so far

‘

l - orti on of ul as the p easure taking p our pop ation is concerned ,

l l u of ll one de ightfu and instr ctive consequence the change , wi be to make the Public acquainted with the beauties of their own INTRO D UCTI ON .

— l country especiall y of its r ural sections . These wi l now

l become objects of rational attraction . Individua s who seeking

l l them , seek at the same time p easure , information and hea th

ll l v wi fee that good ser ice may be rendered by descriptions ,

an d l for narratives facts , which enab e them to decide them

l at l h ow se ves , whatever p ace they may be , their time can be

l most agreeab y spent .

B efore entering upon our task , it may not be amiss to draw attention to the general features of the country intersected by

i l . this portion of the Birm ngham ine We find in it three rivers ,

Colne Gade Ba lboarne all b the , the , and the , tri utaries of the

l o l e Thames , and a th ugh the eminences which enc os these

l al - hi streams are not of great e evation , nor the v es through w ch they glide suffic iently depressed to afford a decided character

u a of fine of pict resque and rom ntic beauty , yet there is enough

l scenery to p ease and to gratify . Independently of the mere

l l scenery , the vicinity of the capita , and the sa ubrity of the air

(attractions not generall y neglected by the noble and the weal thy) contributed in former days to make this district a — favourite resort thus accounting for the growth of towns

ul l i n u i m tip y ng estates in a manner unknow in the distant co nt es , and u n u Castle M onaster st ddi g the co ntry with the , the y, the vi I NTRO D UCTI ON .

‘ M anor - [ muse or Vi lla the , in accordance with the wants and

of ll fashions the times which ca ed each into existence .

If we coul d go back five or six centuries - we should view this

u l i l co ntry in a comparative y primitive cond tion . In ater days

the streams were made subservient to the purposes of manu

o ll of facture ; the water beyed the wi man , and became a l d o . l an ab urer Then , as distant p aces grew into importance ,

commerce with its spreading arms created new wants throughout

l C anal and the wor d , the appeared brought with it fresh sources

of occupation and wealth increased the popul ation of the towns

and communicated the life of trade to the hithert o quiet — l l - l Rai lr oad and va eys . Last y the has started into existence

now s l l preads its giant ength a ong these sequestered scenes , to

th e a o ul and of astonishment of the n tive p p ation , the j oy the

- f li inn keepers in the immediate vicinity o the ne .

l R l l In eaving the ai road itse f to be described by others , we

woul d remark that the particul ar p oint on which an individual

u n may wish to finish his j o rney is ow merely a matter of taste .

e ort u l di u il The fi req ired to reach a p ace stant a h ndred m es , is

little more than that which is required to reach one but a third

of n For n n ll o the dista ce . i sta ce Sha we g to Berkhamsted INTRO D UCT I O N . vii or Kenilworth ! The former will cost us one hour and a half in journeying ; the l atter something less than four hour s

t out of l n l fa igue being the question in either case , whi e the i terva between the out and home trips affords sufficient l eisure to

i n l cu l al inspect , a sing e day , whatever is rious in the oc ity . Be it — remembered that there is no walking the hill s no pulli ng up to l or l of al e n l take a unch , a g ass , nor goi g s ow to give the

s w l l to an l . hor es their ind . This system is ike y be nihi ated We

an old l u l remember gent eman , introd ced to the Pub ic by the l l u l of n t ate Char es Mathews , who sed to comp ain the i nova ions of his day the taki ng away all our enjoyments -and

“ al of stocks ul amongst the rest , the remov the at F ham !

However much we may cling to old fashions and Old customs

li n a tu al one (and the fee g it c nnot be denied , is a very na r ) ,

. we have no doubt that this openi ng of a new era to loco moti ve ill b e l n minds , w hai ed with satisfactio by the great body of l l is not too u the en ightened British peop e , and it m ch to hope

c l u ill u that a po ket compass , ike that now s bmitted , w be fo nd

l a lu l desirab e as a matter of entert inment , and va ab e for its

A very celebrated novelist has spoken with some dis respect of u u of l or n those persons , who , in p rs it know edge improveme t , D viii I NT RO UCTION .

shoul d c onsume their time in reading the volumes which cer

. tain dr oll authors had facetiously called The History of

l r Eng and . He no doubt had in his mind the se ies of foolish

l i o batt es and absurd speeches , wh ch it has been cust mary to

on l l An li intrude the pub ic under that tit e . y thing ke this

l history was not in his contemp ation . The forgotten scenes

now re- l o Opened , and their associations , furnish nove matter t

. u the readers of the present day They f rnish a new history ,

o n l of and th ugh in traci g matters which had been ost sight ,

l w l a not a ways unkno n , we cannot , in every instance , steer c e r

Of the s ubjects Of older writers care will be taken that such

l l all detai s on y sh be admitted , as are fit to be read and worthy

to be remembered . — In conclusion we have o nly to add for the information of those wh o may be l ed to take an interest in the history of the r emainder of the vicinity of thi s li ne of Railway (to be published

ol i h ereafter) , that the wh e distance from B rmingham to London

n one bundred and twelve miles bei g , and the present sketches

- hal n l t six mi les our l . extendi g on y fif y , abours are but f done It will be an indul gence conceded to us if the reader applies this fact to the QUANTITY and not to the QUALITY of the present

u l n p b icatio . H A R R O W .

“ AN anecdote is related of the Merry Monarch Charles

l l n l i the Second , that a c erica dispute havi g taken p ace n his

visi ble presence concerning the church upon earth , he face

ti ousl the onl vi si ble c hur ch then resent to his y observed , that y p

’

mind s e e was the Church o H arrow on the H i ll . y , f This royal jeu de mot sufficiently explains that Harrow stands on

i n on hi n hi gh ground . It is fact the ghest in the Cou ty of — Middl esex neither a small nor an unimportant section of the

The ll empire . town on the hi now forms the most con

s i c uous in lli vi ni p Object trave ng towards its ci ty , and to the

first station on the London and Birmingham Railroad . It is a curious and pleasing exercise to trace the modern — names of towns and places to their ancient Origin to mark

either the legitimate or the arbitrary steps by which one has l O HARROW . been substituted for another ; and the wider the points Of similarity between the mere spelling or pronounc i ati on of the

l h y ancient and modern , the more p easing does t is stud become .

Who would dream in the present day of asking to be directed

H er a su er M ontem H arene alte H ulle or H er es to g p g ,

— all to yet by these names is Harrow known history , and

o . l menti ned in ancient records Commencing with the ast , etymologists trace in it the S axon name of the place

H er es l g , itse f being a corruption of the Saxon word ”

H eri e r . g , signifying a chu ch The two other ancient designa tions are literall y translated by its present name H arrow on the H ill l , and we have on y to add , that there are writers who “ give the word H erges a signification meaning an army

Or encam ment so ff e o an p , derivations di er nt fr m each other that we can only hope to reconcile them by reference to the

t The m o Church Militan . nearest approxi ati n to its present

o Of C u name , occurs in the rec rds the archbishops of anterb ry

ll H AR OW E S where the town is ca ed .

The Railroad having opened a new and easy means of com muni ca ti on al o with Harrow , bringing it within h f an h ur ,

t wo l instead of hours , distance from the metropo is , we deem

‘ l o of one the p ace w rthy a chapter in these sketches , as which will be sought out and thr onged with visitors in the Summer

o seas n .

The manor of Harrow belonged to the Church of C anterbury

o u from the Saxon times , but being wrested fr m that ch rch by

Kenulf f d b A o , King o Mercia , it was recovere y rchbish p HARROW . l l

l 8 22 w Wi frid in the year , since hich it remained in that see ,

Ar until Henry VIII . exchanged it with chbishop Cranmer l for lands Of equal va ue . It afterwards came into the family

of Rush out - ll l y , and the Manor house is sti possessed by the fami

Rush out l Of Sir John , who has however re inquished this

hi s N residence for seat at orthwich Park , Worcestershire .

An ll H eadstone other manor in the parish is ca ed , and a third

IVemble l of 1 5 44 y, possessed by the fami y Page since the year , probably the only instance in Middlesex Of a famil y being

resident proprietors of a m anor for nearly three centuries !

The hill is remarkable for its insulated and abrupt cha

nl on all ll racter . It sudde y emerges sides from the va ey ,

f ul Th e and affords a variety o beautif prospects . view towards the East is terminated by the Metropolis and Hampstead

ur ll l to the South by the S re y Hi s . It is east extensive towards

N u u the orth , being intercepted by the high gro nd abo t Stan

- ll o l . O f more and Harrow wea d n this side , the vi age Stanmore

l of of A and Bent ey Priory , the seat the Marquis bercorn , are

o the most conspicu us Objects . The view towards the West

and u - i So th West , wh ch is very extensive , may be seen to

u c - Th greatest advantage from the ch r h yard . e more distant l l prospect , embraces Windsor Cast e and a considerab e tract of

o the C ounties of Berks and Bucks . On the br w of the hill u C ll ll descending to S dbury ommon , is a sma vi a with a garden

u m n l e and shr bbery which co mands ear y the same prosp ct ,

' and on the summit Of Sudbury Hill is a villa call ed the

u H ermi t l Hermitage , in which we may venture to g ess no ives in

Th e - u u the present day . manor ho se and gro nds called 1 2 HARROW .

u on Old of Harrow Park are sit ated the London end the town .

’ The uil l of b ding is in the sty e James the First s time , and is

at present occupied by one of the employés of the Grammar

- a- o l . 1 1 70 T A Sch o In the year , homas Becket , rchbishop

of C u l - of a anterb ry , spent severa days at his manor house H rrow ,

was when he about to visit the heir apparent , Henry l f . son o . l of P antagenet , Henry II , then at Woodstock It is to d i him , however , that he received a command from the k ng to desist — from his journey and repair immediately to C anterbury an

o l l own l t o rder that , probab y , embo dened two of his c ergy

e i i m tr at him w th great d srespect , for they aimed the horse that carried his provi sions . It is but fair towards Becket

e l Ri ellus to give the names Of thes mi itant priests , g de

ill R who ff Sackv e and obert de Broc , were both , for this o ence , publicly excommunicated at C anterbury on the Christmas day

B n t ll o . o l fo wing ecket did ong survive these events , for after “ a mediaci on o Alexander Bisho o Rome and h ving by the f , p f

Lew s the F renche K n ebeene restored to his Bi sho rihe he was y , y g p

‘ i n n i m i not lon a ter b Cer ta e e t l en s la n. g f , y g ,

The Church is distinguished by a lofty and graceful spire

l of c overed with l ead . The bui ding dates from the time

N o e A o the rman Conquest , having b en founded by rchbish p

n of ll La franc . The greater part the ancient fabric sti remains

l for Th e and forms a p easing object the antiquarian . remain l d er u u . was b i t about the fourteenth cent ry In the interior ,

l l u l the circu ar co mns which divide the nave from the ais es ,

' Lan uette s hroni l q C c e. HARROW . 1 3 are l o Saxon , as is a so a part of the t wer at the West end , l where there is a Saxon arch remarkab e in form . The roof is

- u oak s of the ever end ring with carved ornament , the brackets A l l being supported by figures of the post es , precise y in the same style as the churches belonging to this dio cese mentioned

of hereafter . The floor the nave is rich in ancient monuments ,

t efii i es with inscrip ions and g in brass , for the most part in a

o u l ll lli al of b - o state f. m ti ation , but sti te ng a t e y g ne days and

or u l of u indicating the fashion , mon menta taste , the fo r

tur O one of teenth and fifteenth C en ies . n them we read “ {Dore rests Bioti n migrati on Rector of {Darrowtuba nieo in 1 41 8

’ His effigy is under a rich Gothic Canopy in hi s priest s habili

On n h e W l am mi tman Recto tu a Dion 1 5 1 9 . A ot r. i li gb r b

l of B A D In the chance is a tomb to the memory JOHN FLAM R , who di ed in the reign of Edward III . (between 1 327 and 1 37 7 The inscripti on is as follows

’ Klon men o marmore numinis oroinc jflam G um o lat lBarDe quoque

ti e fun o t h erbs s gis erc bi ucatut .

[ 5 9 2 u JOHN LYON , died in the year , and was b ried in the

. E A DS two of al n of nave The G R R , the origin gover ors the

l l u of 1 5 84 1 schoo , have mura mon ments the dates and 609 .

u - n n l m The ch rch yard is i teresti g , if it were on y for the ul t itude of n hi i on o i scriptions , c efly pa nted wood , which it c ntains . ff ff There is a cause for every e ect , and we imagine this e ect to

l extent of be produced a one by the the parish of Harrow , HARROW . although there may be something in the desire amongst re

ul l a l atives , that those who have parted from them sho d y

not i rreve high and dry . We do express this sentiment

l one l rent y. Every who has ost dear friends knows how

' strong is the wish for depositing them in a comfortable ” grave .

li on of l The Harrow is , however , the Free Grammar Schoo ,

of who founded by JOHN LYON a farmer the Parish , had shewn

or u how to l a taste f teaching the yo ng idea shoot , ong

before he made the magnificent bequest which has immortal

of n 1 5 1 i zed hi s name . The date the foundatio is 7 . The estates given for its support have greatly increased in value

1 809 of of late years , and we find; that in some Parishioners

n not of Harrow , imagi ing they did receive a due share the

of l l n to ur of benefits the Schoo , made an app icatio the Co t

in 1 8 1 0 R lls u Chancery, which , was heard in the o Co rt ,

u u u of when j dgment was prono nced in favo r the Seminary ,

as at present constituted .

Amongst the phal anx of noble individual s who have received

l u but their education at this Schoo , the most conspicuo s , more

on un of al u f acco t his t ents than his virt es , stands the name o

B l those da s to b YRON . He appears neverthe ess in y have een

a ol l o t b . s t erab y good y Moore ays , notwi hstanding his

al of l dl in gener habits p ay and i eness , which might seem to

dic ate l of fl l a tota absence re ection and fee ing, there were

moments when the youthful poet woul d retire thoughtq y

w l and e m of u un n l ithin himse f, giv way to oods m sing , conge ia A i f! H RROW .

A with the usual cheerful ness of his age . grave is shewn in

hu - hi was ll n t o u the c rch yard , w ch so we k own be his favo rite

‘ ’ l all resting p ace , that the boys c ed it Byron s Tomb , and

us ur u here , they say , he ed to sit for ho s wrapped in tho ght , brooding over the first stirrings Of passion and genius in his

ul ll n ul i so , and occasiona y perhaps , i d g ng in those bright fore

u of u flu of tho ghts fame , nder the in ence which , when no more

fi e of l l than fteen y ars age , he wrote these remarkab e ines

My epitaph sh all b e my name al one ;

If h a wi h h onor fail to ro n m cl a t t t c w y y,

Oh ma no o h e fame m deeds r a , y t r y ep y;

Th a onl th a sh all sin l e out th e s o t, y t, g p t, m m h a b ed or i h h for ot. By t t re e er , w t t at g

On the eastern side of the church - yard there is an inscription

on of one u i wood to the memory Isaac Greentree , pon wh ch ,

n dit i n enci l l n of n as the o goes , Byron wrote p two i es punni g

u ll n ul poetry . We are q ite wi i g that he sho d have the credit

of — n n i n e the authorship , the sentiment co tai ed them , b ing in f u o . favo r the writer , whatever his name The spot in question

is overshadowed with limes

The e i s a i m wh en h es reen rees sh all fall r t e t e g t ,

An h d I saa c Greentree ri se ab ove t em all .

l l - one The origina schoo room , preserved with exception , as

in of u l n oak annels . erected the time the fo nder , is i ed with p

of l The desks , forms , doors and floor , are the same materia ,

a l l pparent y of the same date . The who e is so covered with HARROW .

and & c l cuts carvings of names , . that scarce y a spot remains

ul al free from an inscription . It wo d require a cat ogue nearly equal to the list of the constituency of one of the Metropolitan

Bo to l . l one roughs , give the mere initia s We have se ected

"! of B r on our r name , that y , and present it to readers in the fo m

ul cha Of af ac simile in size and shape . We sho d say it was racteri sti c of l u i al the bo d , deviating t rn of the ind vidu , who it

d i t wi th his ow hand of o carve n . is und ubted , There are none “ y the usual r ules of forming letters attended to in the or

Ro l o the r . Sir bert Pee on the c ntrary , has done his

al name in a high capit text , of which a copy might be made l . l C l for type C ose to the name Of the nob e hi de , appears

“ of C ol l l n that . Wi dman , the gent eman who was desti ed to

o of N A r al succeed him as the p ssessor ewstead bbey , his pate n

. of Sir R l so residence By the name obert Pee , that of his n is seen . Man y individual s of hi gh celebrity hav e thus recorded

i o A o R sl the r education at Harr w . m ng them, ichard Brin ey

fo tu S l Sheridan , the un r nate pencer Perciva , and the present

lm o Lord Pa erston may be menti ned .

l - u l on The schoo house is b i t of brick , and stands the same

uo - eminence as the church , and is contig us to the church yard .

not l for l It is remarkab e externa beauty , and we regret to say that the western end has been modernized for the sake of pro duc in f u l for a g uni ormity with the new b i ding ex minations ,

o . l which adj ins it That identity , which in the schoo apartment

l l u u was so vigi ant y g arded , has th s been sacrificed . The

See En ra i n g v g.

HARROW . 1 7

speech room ( as it is called) contains two good pictures A 1 7 9 6 Moses and aron before Pharoah , painted by West , and N l C w . the Cata ine onspiracy, presented by Lord orth ick There

C of A i l of are oats rms in the w ndows in stained g ass , Masters ,

l edu Governors and Benefactors to the schoo , who have been os ted at Harrow .

It appears that Lyon took especial pai ns to lay down rul es

of l out of . for the conduct the scho ars , both in and doors

of dri vin a to Their amus ements were onl y to consist g p ,

- in , t ssin a hand ball runnin and shoot . o g , g g The Harrow boys

- a - am rudiments of l n n l throwin now days , ongst their ear i g , c ass g

s tones demolishin windows of , g and so forth ; but the former of two o a u the , appears their favorite and c nst nt am sement

u - o even the tombs in the ch rch yard , which have inscripti ns in l i l marb e, are sh e ded from their attacks by iron gratings , and all of l u by the windows the schoo are protected from inj ry , the

u ll ff u l eq a y e ect a means of wi re guar ds .

An It was at Harrow that thony Babington , the hero or chief of l n li z the Babington p ot in the reig of Queen E abeth ,

u e a was sec red . When the practices in which he had ng ged

i unf un un were d scovered , the ort ate man fled to escape p ishment , and u s i l ff tu ll in order to disg i e h mse f e ec a y , stained his face wi ui of al nu hr u th the j ce green w ts , t o gh which precaution , he hoped to elude hi s pursuers in the retired neighbourhood of

u in u of one ll am . Harrow , where he took ref ge the ho se Be y

Af u u his was un out ter end ring m ch distress , retreat fo d and he was carried to London . H W ARRO .

l . a on The crime aid to his charge was , th t he had c spired

one ldi of e with Savage , a so er most daring and d sperate cha rac ter l z l , to assassinate Queen E i abeth , iberate Mary , Queen

Of of En Scots , then a prisoner , and recognise her as Queen g i D l . n r ff and Savage had engaged concert with a . Gi ord to

l l z way ay E i abeth , and stab her with a dagger as she passed

l or l . to her chape , when she might be wa king to take the air

w z al l l ed him r of an Babington hose e as a Catho ic , to app ove y

for l of act , which had its object the remova a Protestant Sove

n u of hi s l o reig , and the sec ring the ascendancy re igi n , was

ll a r unwi ing that so import nt a pa t of the conspiracy, as the

of l l l b and and murder the Queen , shou d be eft to a sing e , desired that six persons shoul d be associated in the deed . Savage complained that he shoul d be denied the di stinction of

u al all o committing the m rder one , as origin y pr posed ; but , even tually fell in with the arrangement of Babington .

l of l z o The ever vigi ant ministers E i abeth , so n discovered

l and n l s that a p ot existed , as not unfreque t y happens in case of

l t to l . treason , the ring eaders turned raitors their accomp ices

ff all Dr . Gi ord made Walsingham acquai nted with that was

'

. u passing He sed ced Babington to correspond with Mary , and the letters that passed were l aid before the Government .

At B ffo first , abington and his friends doubted Gi rd , and gave

l of l him etters to the Queen Scots , or rather papers fo ded up l as such , in which nothing whatever was written . Pau et , wh o l of had Mary in charge , contrived that the etters Babington should be forwarded by a brewer who supplied the family with H RR 19 A OW .

' al e e m u the ll ; she r ceived the thro gh a chink in wa , and

e u n the answers wer ret r ed to them in same way .

u The comm nications thus Obtained from Marv , satisfied

l u ll Babington , that Gifford might be re ied pon , and he now fu y u him l l l nbosomed se f to the Queen , who , in her etters , entire y a u pproved of the desperate meas res which he suggested , by

hi l z t o Of l lu o w ch E i abeth was be deprived ife , and a revo ti n l ff l . e ected , both in po itics and re igion

o th But circumstances so n transpired , which proved to e

e all conspirators that they wer betrayed , and that their designs

. was l were known to the Government Then it , that the gui ty

ar and r l u p ties fled , sought to save thei ives by disg ises , and in l concea ment .

As l - z a ready stated , Babington was sei ed at Harrow in the

of n l house a perso described to be a g oomy Papist , of the ll l . n name of Jerome Be amy The atter , with Babi gton and

t of u other conspirators , were commit ed to the keeping the Lie

l on tenant Of the Tower , and brought to tria at Westminster

1 3th 1 5 8 6 of O and the of September , , under a commission yer

D t i to Wal sin e erm ner , addressed among others Sir Francis g

: : ham Sir Christopher Hatton Sir Christopher Wray , Lord

l : An Chief Justice Of Eng and Sir Edmund derson , Lord Chief

u of l : R Manwood J stice the Common P eas and Sir oger , Lord l i u . l Ch ef Baron Of the Excheq er Thomas Savage p eaded gui ty ,

but l to u evidence was , neverthe ess , given s pport the indict

i l on 1 3 on ment . Th s took p ace the th of September , and the A following day the prisoners were again put to the bar . brief HARROW .

on ri l specimen of the proceedings , as they appeared the state t a , may not here be out of its place . — ll Clerk to the Cr own . u a S andes . ( ) How sayest tho John B ard , f art thou Guilty o these treasons whereof thou standest indicted , or not — Ballard That I practised the deli very of the queen of

l to al R l Scots , I am Gui ty ; and that I went about ter the e igion ,

i lt but to l t am I am Gu y ; that I intended s ay her majes y, I l not Gui ty .

a d — l u u l n es . An S swer direct y, art tho G i ty according to the purport of the Indictment 3 — Ba llard I answer as my case is . — Chi ef Justi ce Anderson Either deny the Indictment gene

r ll ll O a . ra y , confess it gener y

tt — ll o all H a on. a wn hi o B ard , under thy hand are t ngs c n

now u ni t to a n fessed therefore it is m ch va y, st nd vai gloriouslyin denying it .

llar — l Ba d n . Then , Sir , I co fess I am Gui ty

a d s - An n S n e . u How sayest thou thony Babi gton , art tho

Guilty of the treason contained in the Indictment P

t m l u Then began Babing on with a i d co ntenance , a sober

t ul l n n ges ure , and a wonderf good grace , to dec are the begi ni gs

’ to s and proceedings of his treasons , which was according Savage

’ ‘ and ll t l all confession Ba ard s Indic ment . In the end he aid

l u ll in hi m u the b ame pon Ba ard for bring g to his destr cti on .

atton —A u H . very fit a thor for so bad a fact !

B bin - a ton. r u for so u mu g Ve y tr e , Sir , from bad a gro nd st 2 1 HARROW . proceed many bitter fruits ; it was he that persuaded me to

ll now ki the queen , and commit the other treasons , whereof I confess myself Guilty .

Af in l on ter some other proceed gs of a forma character , the

1 4th of ul second day , the September , the awf scene was l l brought to a c ose . The ce ebrated Sir Christopher Hatton , seems to have been more excited than any of his brother c om

n missioners o the occasion .

de — l l u n of i ‘ San s . a John B ard , tho hast been i dicted h gh l l treason , and thereupon arraigned , and hast p eaded Gui ty ;

u l n what hast tho to say for thyse f, wherefore judgme t and execution of death shoul d not be given against thee ! l — ff Ba lard 5 . , pake something but not to any e ect d — l S an es of . , demanded Babington in ike manner

Babin ton — l g , who said he was Gui ty of the treasons , accord

n n for k ll of u ing to his co fessio , intending the i ing the q een ,

’ al l and the rest by B ard s persuasion . l O ll Upon this Sir Christopher Hatton exc aimed , Ba ard ,

ll u P A Ba ard , what hast tho done host Of brave youths , other

u u wise end ed with good gifts , by thy ind cement hast tho u

u brought to their utter destr ction and confusion .

bin — Ba ton. Y hi ll g ea , I protest before I met with t s Ba ard ,

I never meant nor intended for to kill the queen ; but by his persuasion I was induced to believe that she was exc ommu~

i c ated l l n , and therefore it was awfu to murder her .

lla — Ba rd Y . n l a all l u n ea , Mr Babi gton , y the b ame po me , H ARROW . but I wish the shedding of my blood might be the saving of

ou ll ll li : . your fe howbeit , say what y wi , I wi say no more

H atton —Na ll ou and all y, Ba ard , y must say more , sh say

ou u not - u l more , for y m st commit high treasons and then h dd e

u but Reli i o Catholi ca Na i s them p is this thy g y, rather, it

i a oli a D b c .

S andes — ou ndi of hi John Savage , th hast been i cted gh

at u ll . h t &c . s . reason , ( p to Ba ard) Savage answered not ing ,

di d Titchburne l l neither , being demanded in ike sort a so .

S O R Barnewell l Sandes demanded Of obert in ike manner .

—F or u ff Barnewell . n t law as m ch as I have o e ded agains the ,

I am contented to suffer punishment according to the law ;

nl for howbeit , I here protest what I have done , was o y my

l to conscience sake , neither did I ever intend vio ence her ma

’ jesty s person .

H atton - O Barnewell Barnewell di u h , , dst not tho come to

R l not ichmond , and when her majesty wa ked abroad , didst

u all o tho there view her and her company, what weap ns they

how l al ! And u had , she wa ked one didst traverse the gro nd , and u di s l to there pon coming back to London , d t make re ation

‘ a eas matt er to ll B bington , how it was a most y ki her majesty ,

ou t u ! Y and what th hads seen and done at the co rt es , I know

u how u tho didst so canst thou then say, that tho never didst

to l a l on ! N a c an intend y vio ent hands her majesty y, I assure thee , moreover , and it is most true which I say, that her majesty did n u k ow that tho didst come to that end , and she did see

24 HARROW .

— l l ll u e tragedy , shou d ament my fa , and somewhat , no do bt , mov you to compassion ; but since there is no proportion between

l o o the qua ity of my crime and any humane c nsideration , sh w , l l sweet queen , some mirac e on a wretch that ieth prostrate in

i l li hi s off im your prison , most gr evous y bewai ng ence , and

’ l orin o o w p g such c mf rt at your anointed hands , as my poor ife s

’ o b e l misfortune d th g, my chi d s innocency doth crave , my

il o ul l l . g i t ess fam y doth wish , my hein us treachery east deserve

So shall your divine mercy make your glory shine far above all

l o l princes , as my most horrib e practices are m st detestab e

u l l amongst yo r best subj ects . with whom that you may ong ive

l - and happi y govern , I beseech the Mercy master to grant , for

’ ’ Y u unfor w C . his s eet Son s sake , Jesus hrist o r maj esty s tunate i l l , because d s oya , subj ect ,

ANTH ONY BAB INGTON .

The unh appy man seems to have had some hope of saving

l of l u . Af his ife by the f ness his confession terwards , on the r l of of o of r t ia Mary, Queen Scots , c pies the co respondence which had passed between them , were produced as evidence fi against her , the correctness of which Babington had certi ed i by signing every page with his own hand . In doing th s , we

l ul di are to d , he was so circumspect and caref , that fin ng two or of t u three words mistaken in the writing the Copy, he s r ck out the same , before he did subscribe it .

O 20th of o hn ll An Ba n the the same m nth , Jo Ba ard , thony bin ton n R Barnewell Chi di ock Titchburne g , Joh Savage , obert , , HARROW . 25

‘ l l and Edward Ar l n n on u Char es Ti ney ingto , were draw h rdl es

’ i u n to Gil s s l . e from the Tower , to the r exec tio St fie ds , being

l u ff l the p ace where they sed to meet , where was erected a sca o d , and u ll there pon a ga ows .

al l al n John B ard , the priest , the princip conspirator , co fessed ,

uil hi for that he was g ty of those t ngs which he was condemned , but protested they were never enterprised by hi m upon any

nl hope of preferment , but o y , as he said , for the advancement

l o all of true re igi n . He craved pardon and forgiveness of per

hi s n an l sons , to whom doi gs had been y scanda , and so mad e

hi s hi l in not in her an end making prayers to mse f Latin , ask g

' ’ fl nd d o o e e . maj esty f rgiveness , otherwise than if he had

l nf Anthony Babington a so co essed , that he was come to die ll as he had deserved ; howbeit he (as Ba ard before) protested , that he was not l ed into those actions upon hope of preferment

l nor or for any tempora respect had ever attempted them , but ll ff that he was persuaded by reasons a eged to this e ect , that it

l ul u of was a deed awf and meritorio s . He craved forgiveness all whom he had any way offended ; he would gladl y al so have been resolved whether his lands shoul d have been confiscate to

l to hi s her majesty , or whether they shou d descend brother ; l but howsoever , his request was to the ords , and others the commissioners there present , that consideration might be had

one for l i of , whose money he had received ands wh ch he had

l aw . passed no fine for , for which the conveyance was void in

al o He requested s , that consideration might be had of a certain

of in di servant his , whom he had sent for certa merchan se into 26 HARROW .

unt who hi s r l the East co ries , by means was g eat y impoverished .

i to F or his w fe he said , she had good friends , whose considera

l l An d u tion he wou d eave her . th s he finished , asking her

n and m n in t maj esty forgive ess , aki g his prayers La in .

hn n uil and two Jo Savage co fessed his g t , said (as the other

di d u before) that he attempt it , for that in conscience he tho ght

u and to l l an d it a deed meritorio s common good the wea pub ic ,

no for private preferment .

nf n Titchburne The other culprits made simil ar co essio s .

ul n n or in wo d seem to have bee the part er , some way inti

l n n hi s on mate y connected with Babi gto , for in speech the

ff l l B i n sca o d , he uses these remarkab e words efore this th g

an l v In u n a of ch ced , we i ed together most flo rishi g est te whom

in l l e u went report the Strand , F eet Street , and e s where abo t

but of a and Ti chburne NO s l London , B bington t thre ho d was of our ent l n no force to brave y. There we ived a d wanted _ r I

ul i for thing we co d w sh .

all the n i ut B ard , arrat ve proceeds , was first exec ed . He was cut down and bowelled with great cruelty whil e he was

’ el l 8 u u b m alive . Babington beh d Bal ard exec tion witho t e g In

l u l r u n aw heir and the east da nted , whi e the est t r ed yj faces, n a

ll u n n n fe to prayers po their knees . Babi g o being taken down t .

ll al too cut u al u from the ga ows ive , and ready to be p, he cried o d

e al P arce mihi D o i ne Jesu sev r times in Latin, m Spare me ,

and ll O Lord Jesus . Savage brokethe rope fe down from the

all s an d l z d u g ow , was present y sei e by the exec tioners and em

ll of s n n n bowe ed . The other parts the shocking e te ce the HARROW . 2 7

in nn now be pronounced aga st traitors , (which ca ot even des

’ . in ru c arri ed into full ff c ribed without offend g deco m were e ect .

On foll in s n the as c e of the ow g day , eve more , so iat s those ' ov n e in ab e amed , expiat d their crime the same way, save that

u n n of the w n n l the q ee havi g heard horrors it essed , whe the ast s mowell al t t who ufferers were e b ed ive , ordered hat hose were

di l to follbw oul not t en n f the imme ate y them , sh d be ak dow rom u a gall ows till they were q ite de d . ' ' The foll owing documents written by one of the sufferers on

’ l n h l hav l n . D this me a c o y occasion , e bee preserved by Mr Israe i

u t of tu in his C riosi ies Litera re .

A letter wri tten by Chidi bclc Ti tchburne the night bef ore he

n w e dated nno 1 5 86 sa ered death u to his A . f , if ,

To TH E ST I —I me u MO LOV NG WIFE ALIVE , commend nto

and God to l all n for her , desire b ess her with happi ess , pray

a u n and of c omf orte for her de d h sba d , be good I hope in

Jesus Christ this morning to see the face of my Maker and Re

in t he m ul hr n of his l u kin ome deemer ost j oyf t o e g orio s gd .

to all f n and to a for Commend me my rie ds , desire them pr y me ,

all chariti e t o ff n and in pardon me , if I have o e ded them .

' en to lat ul v Comm d me my six sisters poore deso e so es , ad ise

God for u no dn to them to serve , witho t him , goo ess is be ex

ected : l l l darli n e p were it possib e , my itt e sister Babb , the g of

a be God ul rewarde my r ce might bred by her , wo d her ; but I d o l n l her wrong I confesse , that hath by my deso ate eg igence too l l for herselfe to a u t a un D itt e , add f r her ch rge to her . eere 28 HARROW .

u im over a wife , forgive me , that have by these means so m ch p i shed tun her for es ; patience and pardon good wife I crave ,

of our u l a u make these , necessities , a virt e , and y no f rther burthen on my neck than hath al readi e been . There be certain

u not of l debts that I owe , and beca se I know the order the awe ,

all u of piteous it hath taken from me , forfeited by my co rse

ff to O ence to her maj estic , I cannot advise thee benefit me

n ll wherewithall let i herei , but if there fa out , them be d scharged

’ ll ou u l ourselfe for God s sake . I wi not that y tro b e y with the

o of own ar but perf rmance these matters , my he t , make it n l the u God k own to my unc es , and desire them , for hono r Of

of ul and ease their so e , to take care of them as they may , and

’ ll of especia y care my sister s bringing up , the burthen is now l on N ow Sweet - cheek l t on aide them . , , what is ef to bestow

ll o ntur e or ll deservin e thee a sma j y , sma recompense for thy g , these legacies foll owing to be thi ne owne .

God of his infinite goodness give thee grace alwai es to re ~

ull of main his true and faithf servant , that through the merits his bitter and blessed passion thou maist become in good time of i l his ki ngdom with the blessed women n Heaven . May the Ho y

Ghost comfort thee with all necessaries for the weal th of thy

l l u ll ll l Al sou in the wor d to come , where nti it sha p ease mighty

meete ll l ovin e Wi ll to God I thee , farewe g fe , farewe the dearest

on all ell ! me the earth , farew

By the hand from the heart of thy most faithful louvinge husband ,

GR I DI OC K TITC H BURNE . HARROW . 2 9

R VE SES ,

Made b Chidi ock Titchburne himse e i n the Tower the ni ht y of lf , g

b ore he su ered death ef f .

M of u but ro of s y prime yo th is a f st care ,

M f a Of o is but d of y e st j y a ish pain,

M ro of o i s l of ar y c p c rn but a fie d t es ,

all oo bu o f And my g des is t vain h pe o gain .

The et I no sun day is fled, and y saw ,

now l now li f o And I ive, and my e is d ne .

M s a h not un y spring is pa t, and yet it h t spr g,

The d and the l a are n fruit is dea , yet e ves gree ,

M ou s u y y th is pa t, and yet I am but yo ng,

I Saw the l et was not wor d, and y I seen ;

hr iscut and et Is not My t ead , y , it spun

now I l and now l f ! And ive , my i e is done

o for o w I s ught death, and f und it in the ombe,

’ I l ook d for li was s fe and yet it a hade,

I tr u n was o b ode the gro nd, and k ew it my t m e,

n w I now I b ut And o dye, and am made .

The l s ll m l run g a s is fu , and yet y g ass is ;

And now I l n w l f o . ive , and o my i e is d ne A O D W T F R .

TH E primary Object in the application of steam to Railroad

ll n the economi zi n o time of trave ing , bei g g f , the inhabitants Wat ford cannot be congratul ated on enj oying the advantages of the ll l discovery to its fu est extent , for the ine here , after inter

sec tin eastern end the town g the houses at the of , proceeds

e l l onwards for n ar y two mi es , before it reaches the Watford

station , which is at a point where the western extremity of

l di ll on u s the town is one mi e stant . Without dwe ing the ca se

hi i - l w ch have rendered it exped ent to fix the resting p ace here , we may remark that it has afforded an opportunity to compare

Rai l O u to ll al way with mnib s speed , and ca into action the riv ry

- in l o f l Of inn keepers , and accord g y a choice vehic es , from the

Essex Arms and the Rose and Crown is offered to carry

l nu p as sengers into the town . This journey of a mi e is not

i a ll of a interest ng . There is sma portion the high ro d from

32 WATFORD .

ur of m rn l and u disfig ed with a mask ode p aster , has a sq are tower

t u un an l . nine y feet high , s rmo ted by hexagona spire In the

ar l s u l ul tower e eight bel s and Chime . The b i dingis irreg ar in

l u s o are not n . form , a tho gh the additions which make it moder

On the left hand side of the chancel is a large chapel call ed the

u n e r of a l an d Tomb Ho se , bei g the cem te y the Essex f mi y,

containing a congregation of tombs altogether of the hi gher

l of ul not i one of l n c as s art . We co d d scover ear ier date tha

1 5 8 hi to the memor o Elizabeth dau hter the year 7 , w ch is y f , g

the illustr i ous Arthur Ca el l in Qf p . There is a s ab brass which

perpetuates the names of

1 flD d d 1 . mm! ickons, i e 1 6 0

H l 6 2mm BiI er, 1 61 3.

mi ll on d ou i ! per,

l servants to l Morri sson n l ate Sir Char es , K ight, who ived in hi s l and in i of fami y forty years , memor e them Dorothea la

Morri sson vouchs ed and n af the stone i scription .

l of of no The ast the three , as the date his exit is t given , was l ll l vouchsa ed and probab y sti a ive when the stone was f , u u l di l may have s bseq ent y died at some stant p ace , and thus l n u n ai ost the ho o r i tended to his rem ns .

A l l m of i l simp e tab et , in the for a sh e d , is equally worthy of n t for n o ice , its brief i scription to the memory of S P E C I M E N of n ravi n s i n effi of ri c h or il ustri ous i ndi vi ua s on ras s E g g gy, l d l , b ates i nsert e i n th ei r t o s i nt en e to sh ow th e onu enta tast e and a so pl , d mb , d d m m l , l f en ravi n i h and nth c th e state of th e art o g g n t e fourt eenth fiftee enturi es ; th e a ove ein i n sc ri e t o A LP H VE RN EY hi s a and t we ve c hi dren ni ne o s b b g b d R , l dy, l l , b y — '‘ and th ree i r s In LD B UR H U RC H H ERI F ORD S B I R E . g l A Y C ,

33 WATFOR D .

T HARRIE ,

OF D WIFE RICHARD FOR ,

J 1 1 80 BORN, ULY 9 , 7 ,

D D MAY 1 4 1 83 IE , , 7 ,

QUE S ERA SERA .

l un The roof of this chape is h g with a profusion of banners ,

l u some of them much decayed , and there is a so s spended an iron f l helmet and gloves of some noble o the o den time . The pew of

l o om . the Ear of Essex is spaci us , and is entered fr the cemetery

an of our We need not here inform m y readers , that the

l al r a e present Ear of Essex has eady attained the g Of eighty ,

- and the countess (who is al so livi ng) nearly seventy eight .

of fi l They have been married upwards fty years , but , we be ieve ,

l l l fo . r have of ate ived separate It appears that the Ear , who l l l mer y took a ive y interest in matters connected with the stage ,

l u hi s for l A has not yet re inq ished taste theatrica s . once

l i C ashi obur ce ebrated s nger being a frequent visitor at y Park ,

in of where she rema ed during four months last summer . There is an inscription in the chapel to an ill egitimate daughter of the

l of - n n Ear , who died in the present year at the age twenty i e .

Cas hi obury Park is said to have been the residence of Mer c i an u l Off kings d ring the Saxon heptarchy , unti a gave it to

’ r Al D . A l . w the monaste y of St ban s fter the isso ution , it as

R o E . Mor s n s th granted by Henry VIII to ichard y , q , with e

l l n same privi eges enj oyed by the abbots . This gent ema held 4 T 3 WA FORD .

al l u sever important emp oyments under Henry and his s ccessor ,

hi s l s and was ambassador to the emperor Char e V . Mr . Mory

u l f son son began to reb i d the abric , which was finished by his and l M or son di in 1 5 9 9 of i heir , Sir Char es y , who ed , part wh ch

l so a aron t n . son Mor n b e remai s His , Sir Char es y , was created f l i n 1 61 1 o . , and Knight the Bath , at the coronation Of Char es I

e au c u He marri d Mary , second d ghter Of Baptist Hicks , Vis o nt

m l an nl u El z m o Ca pden , and eft o y da ghter , i abeth , arried t

“ Ar u l n n of ll a l lord th r , Lord Cape (a desce da t Sir Wi i m Cape ,

' ma or of 1 503 who mhumanl e a u n y London , ) was y b he ded d ri g

‘

c l . sOn of i n lem A u l of the ivi wars The th s ob an , rth r , Ear

s in 1 670 was n s D r E sex , , se t amba sador to enmark , whe e he

l u n u of u brave y s pported the ho o r his country , and ref sed to l w l ur l u h the all l in a l o er the co o s , a tho g sm vesse which he s i ed

" was fire on en of Croninb er l for hi d by the gov r or g cast e , w ch th e governor was afterwards compelled to beg pardon on hi s

s l of r of C knee . George , Ear Essex , the p esent possessor ashio

ur u of n on u i n to b y , ass med the name Co ingsby, s cceed g the

of hi s r F c u l estates g andmother , ran es , da ghter of Thomas , Ear

C onm sb of n u r . g y, Hampto Co rt , Herefordshi e ' The e l an and th e situati on the u s at is e eg t , best in the co nty , u whi n a Of l xt l pon a dry spot , it park arge e ent . The nob e ' for w i s m l are arran ed lu of beeches hich it re arkab e , g in c mps

and si x an d l u fine ns five , between each c mp are many specime

brave old aah of the ,

ands i n hi s rid al e Who st p e on , WATFORD . 35 and cedars o Lebanon hi ai and f , w ch with f r branches , with a

u and of an u n shadowy shro d, high stat re , had their tops amo g

t u In n of u l the hick bo ghs fro t the ho se is a fine dry awn ,

hi n u n of he or w ch, as a co seq e ce its mossy character , may rode

ai n on n A walked upon after a heavy r as the driest dow s . l l l u ln n u itt e be ow the ho se , the river Co e wi ds thro gh the park ,

u it u n and contrib tes by s p re waters , and their ever ceasing

ll of l flow . Th e , to the embe ishment the wood and scenery

l l n N n of present nob e trees were p a ted by Le otre , in the reig

O of Charles II . n the opposite side the river the ground rises

n l aff di l to a co siderab e height , or ng the eye an agreeab e variety .

n uncti on C anal als o The Gra d J o traverses the park , and adds t the diversity of its scenery .

TH E HOUS E

u and l n l tu t and n n is spacio s p easa t y si a ed , its prese t ow er has restored l of l , the c oisters the ancient abbey , and embel ished

of n l ff of hi to them with windows stai ed g ass , the e ect w ch is — maintain the character of the mansion the glass being antique l and the subj ects represented chiefly scriptura .

Strangers are permitted t o see all the rooms on the ground

A l an ll - n r - floor . very respectab e d we i fo med hous e keeper ,

n out a l r poi ts what is most rem rkab e , and perfo ms her part with

Eze i l Cha . i ver. 3. k e , p xxx , 3 6 WATFOR D .

l great correctness . His ordship , it is stated , has been very

i u In i i anx o s th s respect , and has des red that care shoul d be

taken to guard against any mis - representation being made on

the subject of the treasures of art or vertu which hi s mansion

contains .

In the first apartment to which the visitor is admitted , there

are many Objects of great interest . The portrait of Sir Thomas

on o Coningsby , the right , is among the first to which attenti n i s of l u ll . ca ed He appears to have been nob e stat re , and is

r but attended by his dwarf se vant , a man whose head reaches

’ l l s on e l e itt e above his master s knee . Sir Thoma had g shorter

i nc on than the other , and the means he took to diminish the veni enc e l l l thence arising , are not a itt e remarkab e , as we are

’ told a favourite dog was trained to be constantly at hi s master s

l l l hi s hee s , and to present himse f that Sir Thomas might p ace

oo n th R f t o hi m as often as e baronet stopped . Had ichard the i l l hi l Th rd been subj ect to a simi ar defect , and re ieved mse f from

hi o on Sh aks eare ul it in t s manner , the commentat rs p wo d have l connected with the fact his exc amation ,

” Th e d ogs b ark at me as I halt by th em !

all l In the picture , the dog (a sm spanie ) , is seen performing his duty as if well pleased with the d istinction conferred upon hi m who not r n by his master , does press ve y heavily o his

- l living foot stoo .

38 A W TFOR D .

The upper frame contains a piece of the velvet pall which covered the coffin of the king when the same was discovered l A D . 1 8 1 3 at Windsor , . , and the ower a piece of the ribbon of O l w the rder of the Garter worn by King Char es I . hen he

was beheaded .

From this we collect what we do not remember to have been

e l mention d in history , that even in the ast sad moment when he

l a o l k C l was to yhis head up n the b oc , har es wore about his person some of the ornaments which had adorned it in his

Geor e o happier days . His g he gave to Bish p Juxon , but to

o whom the ribb n , of which a portion is here preserved , passed

at the time , has never been stated .

N of A ear the above is another object some interest . small

cabinet is opened and part of a cambric handkerchief dingy in l l u . co o r appears We read be ow ,

In this C abinet is preserved the handkerchief which Lord

C oningsby placed on the wound King William received on his

l l n w shou der , at the batt e of the Boy e , and is stained ith his

l oo l o 1 69 0. O l l a o b od , n king c ose y at it , the st ins menti ned

di o l l in the inscription may be scerned , th ugh their origina co our

l l o ll A here is faded and has reso ved itse f int a faint ye ow . bove is

a painting representing the scene in which the handkerchief

C o ll was used in the manner described . ningsby appears a

l ll hi s l al anxiety to re ieve his Sovereign , and Wi iam accepts oy

r d l se vices with ignified composure . The ikenesses of both are

authentic . D WATFOR . 39

A most elegant drawing- room is the next apartment thrown

' o In di i ul pen to the visitor . ad tion to its beaut f and appropriate

of furniture , we find here a series fine paintings by Sir Peter A Lely and by eminent modern artists . mong them is one verv

l l l a e de ightfu painting of the present Ear when ten years of g ,

r a l l The and his sister who was th ee ye rs o der than himse f.

l ul l l l who portrait of the atter , is that of a sing ar y beautifu gir , then gave fair promise of those charms whi ch subsequently

ui f disting shed her in the meridian o life . She died a few years ago at the age of fourscore . The fashi onable worl d m ay y et f preserve some recoll ection o the once lovely Lady Monson .

Th e l o ibrary c ntains some fine paintings , and among them ll l l f . r o . ll n wi be found admirab e ikenesses H Wa ack , and W Far e

al i l as Adam Brock and Charles XII . There is so an orig na Mor

l ui ff . i to and , and an exq site e ort of a modern artist which g ves

- all f of d miniature painting the force , roundness and ef ect carve B U S H Y

o l al il on o From Watf rd a p easant w k of a m e the L ndon road , l to ll l hi eads this vi age , near y adjoining w ch is Bushy Heath ex

l for its tending towards Stanmore . The Heath is remarkab e

l ou high situation , being the most e evated ground in the C nty , and the view from it embraces an horizon of considerable ex

on all A o C tent sides Westminster bbey , Hampt n ourt , Windsor and the Thames winding through the most beautiful parts of dl i l l Mid esex and Surrey , being d stinct y visib e from it . Those

of or l nl ll who from want time , inc ination , can o y visit the vi age ,

o hi of may enj y the c ef features the View from the heath , by

di of ur i l ascen ng the tower the Ch ch . The situat on of severa o l R ther p aces ; for instance , ickmansworth , is marked by the s un il li moke , that fa ing indication of an Eng sh town , hovering

’ On Al A of over the spot . the north , St . ban s bbey, the giant BU S HY . 41

l O the andscape , rises above every other object . n the north

ll l of i east , Hi Fie d Lodge , the seat Captain T mmins on the

o - ' , i ll of Cl on the n orth - s uth east the v age ay ; and west , the l town of Watford , and a considerab e portion of the line and

R il - embankments of the a road . A landscape more of the cha

ra t r - c e of an immense and well culti vated garden is seldom to be seen .

The history of the small vi ll age of Bushy is not uninteresting N ff ill Its first orman possessor, Geo ry de Mandev e , for having

’ i ncurr ed the P op e s disp leasure was suspended in lead on a tree

l u l not ll in the Temp e , christian b ria being a owed to any person

O o under such circumstances . thers of its p ssessors were

ll u of equa y nfo rtunate . Edmond Woodstock was beheaded through the vile machi nations of Queen Isabella and her para

i on n di mour Mort mer, a suspicion of i ten ng to restore his l brother Edward II . to the throne , and so much was he be oved

the l u o by peop e , and his persec tors detested , that he stood fr m one ul to five in the afternoon , before an executioner co d be

u l l m proc red , and then an out aw from the Marsha sea perfor ed

l Du of the hatefu task . Thomas , ke Surrey , was beheaded at C lli ai . o irencester , in rebe on ag nst Henry IV Th mas de Mon tacute l of ali r th u , Ear S sbu y , after obtaining e highest hono rs in ll V. b the campaigns in France with Henry , was ki ed y the splinter of a window - frame driven into his face by a cannon ball

of O R l of r l . at the siege r eans ichard the stout Ear Wa wick , D ll . u of another possessor , was ki ed at Barnet George , ke 42 BUS HY .

R . Cl ow l . arence , was dr ned in a butt of Ma msey ichard III

l a l of was the next possessor . Lady Margaret de Po e , countess

ff l - two u l Su o k , was beheaded at the age of seventy by the cr e

oli of for o ff p cy Henry VIII . in revenge a supp sed a ront by her ' l l . l l T son to the cardina In this parish a so , ived itus Si as , who ,

l l K ll l Eu in a pamph et entit ed i ing no Murder , to de iver

l i C o ll to g and from its yoke , adv sed r mwe commit suicide ; he

f I and hi s fo romoti o l I . gained p on m the reign Char es , by buf onery ,

' induced that m onarch to disgrace the great lord chancell or Clarendon ei ’ The church is a small venerable d fice . On making some repairs or al terations a fewyears ago an i nscription was dis hi it l 1 0 6 covered w ch stated to have been bui t in the year 0 .

The inscription i n question has been transferred to an iron

ff x all of of O plate a i ed to the w the western end the church . n

l l m r E E S one a s ab in the ais e to the emo y of two BAK W LL , of d 1 643 ll whom ied in the year , is the fo owing quaint epi

S of our l gram , a good pecimen those in which ancestors indu ged on such solemn occasions

' ere tmo in one son et no flo u b s y t wb t one,

Gino outes one omb ttno ei onename alone s l , t , h rs, .

n Dr . fre The prese t Lushington , whose seat is in the vicinity ,

l nd l l l quent y atte s the church . His ady, who died recent y, ies

a l l l th e of buried in the f mi y vau t in the chance . Such is want

in u l ll all room the ch rch , that it is itera y pews , (except a 43 BU S HY .

s l to l l pa sage up the ais e , ) even within the a tar rai s on both sides .

- rd We have hitherto said li ttle of church ya s . Those who

u to l l e visit the ch rches we attempt describe , wi have the opp r tunity of indulging whatever taste they may possess for modern

l e ll inscriptions . Many ancient re ics howev r , are sti to be

u u n sod All u - a in fo nd pon the gree , the ch rch y rds this and the

n l wooden tombs u adjoi ing counties are remarkab e for , two p rights support a cross piece upon which the memorial or epi taph is inscribed . D H E M E L H E M P S T E A .

N t he R l i O stepping out of ai way carriage at the th rd Station , — t ll l - o a the rave er finds himse f on Box M or common , whose

y ll o onl embe ishments in f rmer times were the river Gade ,

o om to A l r of and the high r ad fr London y esbu y , which is part

Ikenild o the ancient way . Its m dern improvements are the l R l Grand Junction Cana and the ai road , and here may be seen

of n al i s the four means communication at o e view . The can

o l o l at this point distant f rty mi es fr m London , and whi st the boats require a day and a hal f to navigate fr om the City Road

B Box - R l r l asin to Moor , the ai road train t ave s the same dis

l l o o ill tance in itt e m re than an h ur . The v age at the east end ,

al ll - O of c Two . on the can , is a ed Waters ne the branches of T ll the river hames , which has its source at Tring , ca ed

Bulbourn e ll l Head , fa s into the Gade at this p ace and gives ll the name to the vi age . C ertain of the inhabitants of Hemel

l of z l on oo Hempstead have the privi ege gra ing catt e the M r , and a circul ar iron badge placed upon their door - posts indicates the inhabitant who enjoys this privilege . In summer the breeze

ut or l from the so h west brings purity and hea th with it , but i in the w nter , with a strong touch of the east or north , there

C H U R C H OF H EMEL H EMP A STE D . p E E E S E D 4a H M L H MP T A .

in old ul is a w d which , as an cottager expressed it , wo d skin

A l l l o l a feather . to erab y agreeab e r ad of two mi es , takes you to Hemel Hempstead, and there you have not to choose between “ l old C l for the riva inns , the and new ommercia , the pro

ri etors ll al p wi ready have secured your patronage , by sending

o their own cars or coaches down to the Stati n , and driving you

to at once into their premises . We were fortunate enough “ D o ll meet with Mr . eacon , wh se coach is ca ed the Queen

’ D hi s Ar owager , and inn the King s ms , the former con ve ed us l l ll l y safe y to the atter , and right we p eased we were

our of . wi th fare during a sojourn two days The river Gade ,

o Do O on its way to j in the Thames at rchester in xfordshire ,

un r t he all ll r s th ough v ey , embe ishing in its course

of A hl C and seat Sir s ey ooper , the former , Open to visitors at all i u l the t mes , is reached by t rning down a ane just beyond

r of n no thern extremity the tow , and crossing the river over a

i s o wooden bridge . From the park a view of the town btained , but the real searcher after the pictur esque shoul d ascend to the

C l inh abi exterior of the hurch tower , and the va e , (as the

ll ll l l on tants ca it) wi p ease his eye , a though the View , except

Box o i the side towards Mo r , is confined . The Church , ded cated

ll is to the Virgin Mary , is we worthy of a visit . Its character

a l l ne tness , and its fittings are e egant and comfortab e . It consists

l on of of a nave , two side ais es , and a transept , the top which

l N - x l is bui t a handsome tower , with orman Sa on ights , the

l u u i l who e s rmo nted with a beaut fu spire of ornamented lead .

At of i u - u l the west end is a fine door Saxon arch tect re , curio s y E 46 H EM EL H EMP S T A D . and richly ornamented highly adorned with fleurs - de - lis and

l l l & c Th e l vine eaves a ternate y, fretwork , . capita s are enriched with grotesque figures The nave is separated from the aisles

l u on l by a range of five massive co mns each side , and two ha f

l ul u l u co umns with sc pt red square capita s , which s pport arches

zi - za ul - with g g mo dings . The tower rests on semi circular l ol . a c ustered c umns , ornamented The west window is dorned wi o l of o th a representati n , in stained g ass , the Go d Samari

to tan , a happy subject , considering it have been chosen

l C oo The ol o A . o by the d nor , Sir sh ey per dest m nument we coul d discover is placed i n the s outh - western corner of the

C u to o o f one Ro Al hi h rch , and is the mem ry bert byn and s

li n of wife , who ved in the reig Edward the Third . Its di lapidated condition entirely prevents the d ecyph er ing the

on o l o inscription the sp t , but we are enab ed , thr ugh other l l means to present the who e , with trans ations . The original

ll N - inscription is as fo ows , in orman French

Robert Qibpu gi st ici et Qgergrete as femme

flDncke I men me Ye ai m o t me c amen ); s s p r y .

Th e tran slation into modern French will be

Rob ert Albyn git i c i et Marguerite sa femme

e l ui Di eu sur l e s ames a ez mer i men Av c ; ur y c , A .

And the English

Rob ert lb n li es h ere and Mar are hi s wife A y , g t

- i h hi d h l men . W m. Go a e me on h ei so s t v rcy t r u , A E E E S E H M L H MP T AD . 47

There are other monuments to members of the Bridgewater

l o of u fami y , both in the interior and on the exteri r the Ch rch ,

on al one o of worth inspecti , and so to the mem ry the lady of

A l C o l Sir sh ey o per , whose pew , and the p ace where he sits ,

at l o when church at Heme Hempstead , are p inted out as obj ects of interest . We were amused with the garrul ity of the Sexton

—a l of ha e man sixty , who informed us that he , his father

- l all l i th and grand father , were born and had ived their ives m e l R li — l p ace , and as for the ega a the cushions and pu pit cover — l ’ ff ings bead e s sta and so forth , he assured us there was not a

i turn out all l more splend d in Eng and . It is but just to confess C i l that we have seen many worse . The h me Barre in the

o to al b ut n for t wer was shewn us so , we accou ted not hearing

out of u s its sounds on Sunday , by remembering that six t ne l O u of . which the chimes p ay , fo r them are profane n the south side of the chur ch - yard there formerly stood an ancient V al l an n I . moated seat , c ed Hempstead Bury , gr ted by He ry II

R C o to John Waterhouse and ichard oombe , on the ccasion of

l u l his visit to the atter , when he was sumpt ous y entertained , in

hi t o n return for w ch the king granted a charter the tow , and a

ar l l . m ket to be he d , which is now he d on Thursdays There m l l are no turnpikes within seven i es of Heme Hempstead , and i t is a tradition that this privil ege was al so granted by

fifa hi w r . O Hen y VIII King gave six mansions in t s to n , then

ll old of ca ed Haen (or ) Hempstead , to the monastery St . ’ l A Alban s which grant was confirmed by king Ethe red . fter

of ll l the conquest the remainder the vi a , which had be onged E E E ST 48 H M L H MP EAD .

k ll . E l to the Saxon ings , was given by Wi iam I to the ar of

M ortai ne t o for g , whose son forfeited it the crown raising a N rebellion in ormandy against Henry I . It afterwards became

r R l of C l l of the prope ty of ichard , Ear ornwa , brother Henry III C His son Edmond gave it , excepting the Warren and hurch ,

of BON mme Essera AS D E to the Monastery Ho s at y, now H RI G ,

of l ai l the seat the Bridgewater fami y, with whom it rem ned unti l the diss o ution .

A 1 800 o of f bout the year , during the peri d the formation o

al - l B ef the can over Box Moor , a robbery of the Mai ags was

fec ted one night by a man named Snook which created a great

n o of o se sati n at the time , from the fact Sn ok being afterwar ds

e u o of hi n ow xec ted near the sp t the robbery , w ch is marked by a

mound of earth opposite the farm house at the western end of l oo . the M r The mai bags were in those days carried by horse ,

o who h ad and on the night in questi n , the man them in charge was stopped by a robber and compell ed to carry the bags to

l S ol t o o o a so itary pot and then t d g ab ut his business .

The next morning the bags were found with part of their con

in l l l y l tents , a fie d by some abourers in the emp o of a respectab e

far mer named Pope . Information was immediately given to

’

o . K A the P st Master of the district , Mr Page of the ing s rms ,

r o o O Be khampstead , who f rthwith proceeded to the P st ffice , l o o o . in L nd n , where he de ivered what had been f und to Mr

li l l al l Free ng, (the ate Sir Francis Free ing , ) and for the time ,

o l clue to the perpetrat r of the robbery was ost .

It after wards transpired that the n ame of the culprit was E HEM EL H MP STEAD . 49

. i u lar Snook He obtained by th s advent re a ge booty , having

one l l t t from etter a one , abs racted proper y to the amount of

u u . t to five h ndred po nds With his he hastened London , the

’ ed ll al an d o u hi s ne y vi ain s gener home , to k p abode in the

T on of Borough of Southwark . here e those incautious acts

i c mm l ll or c n wh ch o on y fo ow ac ompa y crime , had nearly betrayed him into the hands of j ustice . He sent a servant fr om the house

to e e of l for o where he resided , purchas a pi ce c oth a c at , and

he un r o five - s un n . gave her what de st od was a po d ote When this , as u n a n for l s ch , was prese ted in p yme t the c oth , the tradesman

a r us a tendered instead s id the e m t be some mist ke , as what she had ,

f be five fift —un The o ing a was a y po d note . femal e returned to

. o u n s u i l l Mr Sno k , who , po thi , tho ght it adv sab e instant y to de

a and he his e s to un il c mp , then directed st p H gerford in W tshire , l s which was his native p ace . Here he for some time succes

ull lu u u u s r f y e ded p rs it , tho gh the mo t active exe tions were

a the oli to di his of m de by p ce scover retreat , and a reward three

undr w f f hi s h ed pounds as of ered or apprehension . He was at len t a n in ns u n of n c o n z -bo g h t ke , co eq e ce bei g re g i ed by a post y

l s l ll ar to n . who had former y bee his choo fe ow C ried Hertford , he was d A e a l put on his trial an found guilty . s vere ex mp e was

d was di u ti u n s an to e . tho ght ece sary , he ordered Instr c ons

n n wh was i l of the to . o were the give Mr Page , h gh constab e di st as ll as - ste to l a lac e for uti on rict , we post ma r , se ect p his exec ,

a as s le to n of hi s so as not i as ne r po sib the sce e crime , to g ve

an n u and was n annoy ce to the eighbo rhood , it inte ded that he should be hung in chains ; but thi s being petitioned agains t by F E E S E D 0 0 H EM L H M P T A .

on or - n was those who resided near Box Moor , the desig

l u abandoned . The crimina cond cted himself with great forti

one l w to tude . He proposed to whom he had former y kno n ,

on ul give him his watch , condition that he sho d take away his

but l lli n t o remains , the party app ied to , unwi g to have a tenti n f on him n li ixed as the frie d of such a character , dec ned the

was s u ul be offer . It in con eq ence determined that he sho d

l al buried under the gallows . The p ace ready described having

l n n the of u o been fixed upon for the c osi g sce e , on day exec ti n ,

r t - a he was brought f om Her ford in a post chaise , and the app r

f al u n ata s o death , so bro ght from Hertford , havi g been

v o l l in a pre i us y erected , he was p aced a c rt and from that Af th l c n . e aun hed into eter ity ter corpse was cut down , it was

one u N then asked if any wo ld give him a coffin. obody came

o an d n n a at the l f rward , the ha gma having st ted th c othe s of the

er r c to bo dead man w e now his prope ty , pro eeded _ strip the dy

for . a n e e interment His g rme ts having b en r moved , with the

the l t of s th exception of ower par his dre s , e executi oner was

l on u z a n . abo t to sei e so them , whe Mr Page interfered

n te s ul c and i sis d that ome regard sho d be had to decen y ,

no and that these should t be taken from the defunct malefac tor .

A hole was then dug beneath the fatal tree on which he had

uff and a t uss of t n en u l of s ered , r s raw havi g be proc red, ha f it

thr n n a d t in l on was ow i to the grave , n he corpse be g p aced it ,

the other half was thrown on the body and the earth was with

out u ll i f rther ceremony fied in . But the peo pl e in the ne gh

bouri ng town of H emel Hempstead hurt at the manner in which

B E R K H A M S T E D

ON l n f n -1 a ighti g at this station rom London , the tow is imme diatel on l of its an e y the eft, and the extensive remains ci nt

C astle (of which we shall have to speak at large hereafter) on

u t re a the right . The town has been from sit a ion , conside d as

B O u l u u an s or ritish ppid m , by Sa mon , ng arded by y fos e bank ,

u ual the s defence .

Dr k l u . Stu e R an mo y, from the om coins , fragments of ar r ,

& . u u . c f u sp rs , that have been o nd here , asserts , that it m st have been a Roman Station and others have sta ted it to have

oc o rivi s been Dur b .

all ur due Leaving these conject es to have their weight , we

ll n of N n who sha abide by the testimo y orde , says , that,

n old ll n Ber hamstedt u Saxo s , in time , ca ed this tow g , beca se it B E ST D 5 3 RKHAM E .

ll for Ber ill H am was seated among hi s g signified a h ; , a town ;

S tedt ll for a u n . and , a seat which are proper the sit atio hereo f

A of . It was near Berkhamsted that Frederick , bbot St

’ Al ba man of l l l n s , a the roya b ood , and re ated to King Canute ,

u o imped ed the march of William I . by ca sing the trees n the

a - ll l l ro d side to be fe ed and aid across the way , after a consu ta l A of l li t . tion the Eng ish nobi y at this p ace The bbot , we are

l r e u C on to d , first th ew tre s , and then oaths and bro ght the

ueror n all w q to mean co cessions , and sw o ing oaths he never

But lli a . me nt to keep Wi am was so much a conqueror , that he co nquered that just dread mortal s shoul d have of the Avenger

l i u t r he r el es o . e . t S of p jury He swore upon the Gospe , and g f

’ Alban s Chur c h l l l , that he wou dkeep invio ab ethe good and ancient l of n all i l aws the ki gdom yet he took away the r ands , and di vid a a hi s ou m ed them mong his comm nders and c ntry en . They

ul u all l of la that wo d exc se him in this sm s ip perjury , y it upon

N r n u a o ma advice , that he broke thro gh his eng gement . He

no oun l to li o seems to have wanted c se in the case , s ght th se he

u to u for u had s bdued , and tr st his s pport in the throne , to the

- im men whose valour had raised h to it .

to all H enry II . granted the men and merchants of this

ow l as t n great privi eges , even the same they enjoyed under

Edward the Confessor ; that they should have liberty of selling

u l N their merchandise thro gh Eng and , ormandy, and other

of provinces of France , free duties . They had farther , an ex

u t l emption from the common j risdiction , and had par icu ar F 2 5 4 Bauxna msrnn

f of u li rt u a o fices this hono r and be y , s ch as high stew rd and

o a ul l l c roner , and that no m rket sho d be he d within seven mi es of the town .

The crown continued possessed of Berkh amsted until King

to l s . John granted it Geoffrey Fitz Piers , Ear of Es ex This

l un l i to . nob eman fo ded two hospita s here , one ded cated St

o l for t . , J hn the Baptist , the o her to St John the Evange ist l of epers , and vested the guardianship of both , in the brothers

’ to . T D Ac r s l , St homas e , in London , ob iging them , however

in and not ls spend the revenue Berkhamsted , carry it e e where .

a S unda , Henry III . changed the m rket , which had been on y t o hi s e Monday . That monarch , when he created broth r

R l of C all hi m i s l ichard , Ear ornw , invested w th the ca t e and

o of B as to l o . h nour erkhamsted , an appendage the ear d m

l l s l , This ear , after having made two pi grimage to the Ho y Land

e u R ou of married his s cond wife , the da ghter of aymond , C nt

o of the u of l Pr vence , and sister Q een Eng and , whom he en dowed at the church door of Westminster Abbey with the

of all s a s of on third portion his e t te , and this Berkhamsted am g

e e f R n th r st . He was afterwar ds elected king o the oma s and

l f n l of C ll died , eaving by his second wi e , Edmo d , Ear ornwa , who a a u of R Cl l married M rg ret , da ghter ichard de are , Ear of

l and was G oucester Hereford , from whom he divorced , and

l l u of Esseru e iving a ife of discontent , fo nded the convent gg

or Asua rnc n e i u u u a , where he di d w tho t iss e, and was b ried ne r 55 BERKBAM S TED .

w al A in l . e e his father , at H es bbey , G oucestershire His n ph ,

K l hi s n ing Edward I . was dec ared heir , who gra ted to Piers

’ Gaves ton on hi s B k d , marriage with the king s sister , er hamste , an d all l of u u its roya ties . By the death this pstart favo rite ,

w v the esta te devolved to the crown and Ed ard III . ha ing

El l of raised his brother , Prince John of tham , to the ear dom

C r ll n u l an d w e o nwa . he added to it the ho o r , cast e , to n of B rk h ams ted i n lu of two- u ou , w th other ma ors , to the va e tho sand p nds

er an u . u u i p n m Upon his decease , witho t iss e , the same k ng be

t d all on hi s l n e s owe these estates e dest son Edward , pri c of

l s u n l u do Wa e , s r amed the B ack Prince , together with the d ke m of C o ll l hi m and l e rnwa , to be he d by his heirs , and the e d st

o sons of the kings of England . It has since descended fr m the crown to the successive princes of Wal es .

r n l l to of B s ed The e a cient y be onged the honour erkham t ,

e l u of s no few r than fifty towns and ham ets in the co nties Hert ,

Bucks an d Northampt on and the tenants were accustomed to do m t s i n . u ee heir erv ce at this tow This c sto has , however , b n

d ur l in u t an d n n relaxe the co ts are he d each co n y , the te a ts

a c un i o use bo p y a pe iary considerat n , to be exc d from the a ve servic e .

The town formerly sent members to parliament ; and it was

ildr o 1 . u inc rporated by James (whose ch en were n rsed here , )

the a li ff u s mi com by n me of Bai and B rgesse , who ght have a mon l u u l - us l sea , p rchase a co nci ho e , make aws for the

u o and l l ff boro gh , and cho se a recorder town c erk ; the bai i , 5 6 ST B ERKHAM ED .

or and u b u of e for rec der , chief b rgess , to e j stices the peac the

borough and liberties and they were to have a silver mac e with

r of C l r of l n on . the a ms har es , P ince Wa es , e graved it D P l ur l . ing the war between Char es I and the ar iament , this

o u l l sa c rporation s nk into ob ivion . This body po itic , ys

al u to l l l S mon , is now red ced a ske eton ; and is ike the cast e ,

which is to be known only by its wall s and moats .

Thus far may be regarded as the ancient hi story of the town

of B n ll l erkhamsted . The market in the prese t day is sti he d

on but one e o f l l n . M nday , has become o itt e ote Tring on sid ,

and Hemel Hempstead on the other (at both which to wns

l e no u ute to the markets are arge) , hav do bt contrib d its l decay . The sing e broad street whi ch almost al one constitutes

ow l l n of u i n se s the t n , is a mi e in e gth , spacio s d me sions , and pre nt

l n of u i of are c a nob e ra ge ho ses , the ch ef which ancient , in whi h d el a l le . the egant , the respect b e , and the mean are interming

At or is of le the London , east end , a choice specimen the sty of

l i n of l a of r no w bui d g the ear y p rt the seventeenth centu y , a

The o ool . wmdows di las sch pr j ecting of amond shaped g s ,

n of u l n and u a to cover the greater portio the b i di g , comm nic te it a n air of lightness and beauty to which modern houses are A n . s a to en o stra gers a contr st this , we may m tion another bject — old - u worthy of note the market ho se , which as respects its

u rl as rn al to w as new architect re , is nea y o ament the to n , the

N o al ll r al a u al u ati n Ga e y is to Traf g r Sq are in London , tho gh the

o an l n i n f rmer has this adv tage over the atter , that otw thsta ding F 0 7 Bna xua msr nn .

l of u u l ull its degraded sty e architect re , it do bt ess f y answers the

purpose for which it was intended .

Berkhamsted was of great note when the exil ed Bourbons

u X . of Fran ce sought an asylum in thi s country . Lo is VIII

and f e m ml l t ll u e a hi l X. t r Char es and fa i y , ived at Har we Ho s ,

bou l A l u on ourni es to a t two mi es from y esb ry , and their j and

’ l al n A from the metropo is , ways ho ored the King s rms with

h e c u and nu u l and l t t ir stom , as their mero s roya nob e visi ors

ar ll inn t u nea l at H twe did the same , this has entertained in rn r y al l u all t c o the crowned heads in E rope , to the no sm gra ifi ati n

— N o of l n l . t and profit the worthy Mr . Page the present a d ord

’ nl al l l l e o y so is Miss Page , the and ord s accomp ish d

’ e to i A daught r , be mentioned in connection with the K ng s rms

R al all u but l the a e and the eg times above ded to , it be ongs to p g of i to to hl l s ar u h s ry record , that so hig y p ea ed was the mon ch Lo is

and ~ with the attentions he received , with the superior man

thi l on hi s s io s of s ady , that her visit to Paris after re torat n ,

tu ll Ta ll she was ac a y honored with an audience at the i eries .

s not nl u u l to Mi s Page has o y , however , been th s favo rab y known and es and l r pected by princes nob es whose day has passed , and left her possessed of a store of anecdotes which cannot fail to a but muse her present visitors besides these , there were very many c ommercial travell ers who used regularly to make the

’

K n A u z us . i g s rms , at Berkhamsted , their S nday rende vo

now Many of them are no more , have become heads of the

us u u n r ho es for which they sed to jo r ey , or withd awn from 5 8 BERKHAM STED .

s s l are n oti um c um di ni ta te . busine a together , enjoyi g their g

T s ll e of hi we managed inn , howev r . from the combination the

u u n u eca vario s circ mstances which have bee en merated , b me

l u n u c un es c e ebrated thro ghout this and the eighbo ring o ti , and

mine host and sweet Ann Page were extensively known and universally respected by all classes of travellers .

I u s o n the present unexpected co r e of things , the t wn of

B ul all com erkhamsted , it might be anticipated , wo d f into — l o i s of pl ete decay : its posting business is near y g ne the v sit

w and n and c ommercial travellers are no few far betwee , the stage - coaches and the bugle of the guard will probably but a very short time longer rouse the inhabitaii ts at stated hours to

az u o n u g e p n the passe gers with a curio s eye , and bring

o in - But lu l n t n . l profit the keepers cki y the tow , a though a

ff of u Ra l oa su erer from these changes fort ne , has , by the i r d ,

en o one u u r of o be br ught within ho r and a q a ter Lond n , and unl s n u ll a l e s we are mistake , its p re air wi render it a desir b e

b of li hi l n u su urb the great metropo s , w st its sce ery and r ins are well cal cul ated to attract and gratify the visitor for a day or two — in the summer season especially if the visit be extended to

Ashridge Par k and other picturesque scenery in its vicinity .

TH E S E CA TL .

This once important b uil ding was of an oval form and sur

a ou l of ll rounded by d b e ditch and ramparts earth , which sti

6 E S E 0 B R KHAM T D .

’ The ancient history of this Castle may be found in Grose s A i i h ll nt quit es , from w ich we have co ected the scattered dates

e l l ll and condens d in a chrono ogica form , the fo owing interesting

u of u 69 7 1 60 acco nt its vario s possessors from the year to 9 ,

c ll after whi h it appears to have fa en into decay .

D —I of a 6 n . d A . . 9 7 Withre possession the Merci n Kings ,

n of n l Ki g Ke t and Mercia , here he d a great

’ council where di vers laws printed in Chauney s

History of Herts were enacted .

—Af l ill 066. C on 1 ter the Batt e of Hastings , W iam the

ueror al for q here h ted some days with his army ,

and rece ived the oaths of all egian c e of the

Briti sh Lords and Nobles .

06 —7th n l and 1 2 . of Joh , who granted the Cast e honour

B eotfre Fitz iers Ea l of erkhamsted to J y p , r of

Ess ex .

- The l n l 6th n . a n s 1 2 1 5 . Joh Cast e and tow ag i ve ted in

the C n Rannul h a a row , and p the Germ n , p

pointed by the King to the custody thereof.

— D of thi al Louis the auphin France invaded s re m ,

and laid siege to the Castle . The garr ison

taking advantage of the negligence of the

e u s ul all s a besiegers , mad two s cce sf s ie , t king

divers chariots and 3 Banner . E S ED 6 B RKHAM T . 1 — 1 2 1 2d . l 8 . Henry III Cast e again in the Crown , and by

to R that king given his younger brother ichard ,

hi s of B l for good services at the siege io e , in

France .

1 3 0 —R C o of 0 . n everted to the rown the death Edmund ,

l ll ounder o the Colle e o Ear of Cornwa , f f g f

me Banko s .

1 3 G a 8 t . veston 0 . l s Edward II , granted to Piers ,

l of ll Ear Cornwa , who , being executed , the C astle came again into the possession of the

Crown .

of l 1 th . 31 1 . 4 Edward III , granted to John Etham , Ear of

ll 2nd to who d Cornwa , son Edward II ied

to without issue , when it descended Edward the

Black Prince .

R ad 2ud R . 1 38 8 . ichard II When obert de Vear was

l of D of l vanc ed to the tit e uke Ire and , he had l liberty to reside in the Cast e .

— of a n 1 400 . Henry Monmouth , fterwards Ki g Henry

C l n o . possessed the ast e , ho our and t wn

— V. 2 H enrv of l son of , 1 4 2 . Windsor , e dest Edward

the possessor . 62 B E S RKHAM TE D . — 1 454 . of l of Edward Westminster , e dest son Henry of

Windsor , was the possessor .

1 461 — Henry IV . , granted the stewardship the first year

t o l o of his reign , John , Lord Wen ck , one of his R u ll . . to privy Co nse ors ichard the III , said

have been born here .

1 5 60. l z Queen E i abeth demised the site , circuit and

C for of precincts to Sir Edward arey , a term

l of red r ose years , under the year y rent a , pay

l o ab e t the Queen .

1 60 9 . C It descended to another Sir Edward arey , suc

o of o af r cess r the ab ve , and was te wards annexed

Du of ll to the kedom Cornwa , and appropriated

to the Princes of Wal es in succession .

O ul o a n peramb ating the uter r mpart , we were struck with

a the appearance of an extra he p of earth and ruins , at what

to u ll di on r ull y appeared be three eq a y stant points , and ve y caref

as n ow all ali measuring the ground , it exists , with the inequ ties

o di time and change have made upon it , we f und that the stances

l 2 62 2 64 and 3 1 0 between each mound , were respective y , , ,

o l n o of yards d ubt ess , these sites were the ancie t t wers the

C l o all - di or l outer rampart of the ast e , and rigin y equi stant , near y

o of s o fr m each other , and the matter we deem the more worthy E B RKHAM STE D . 63

notice , not being aware that any previous visitors have left

or of behind a record of the fact , that any notice it exists in the numerous volumes which have been devoted to the top ography and antiquities of Hertfordshire .

A V I S I T TO BERKH A M STED CAS TLE

The l easurea seeki n o of our p g t urist day,

H l o of ol e m ere marks the ab urs the d n ti e,

’ z on o B r t And ga ing pr ud e khams ed s decay . l Finds subjects not less so emn than sublime . C w emented fiints their facings torn a ay, Of ll l l ruin te , whi e smi ing in its prime,

Th e l oo b e utifies b ming ivy a the scene, ‘ Embellishing grim wall s with lively green .

It is a spot that aptly may be made

he o of l T fav rite theme antiquarian ore,

’ ’ W l e l l o erhan i n hi she tered by the e m s g g shade,

W e ll - o to e o strive the fa en watch t wers r st re, And the strong keep that from you hill di splayed

The fla to foe o g which the defiance b re ,

to ll B a Seeming te , esieged we firm rem in

all Threaten ye may, but your threats are vain . 64 E A M STE B RKH D .

H e e R h el d th e l r tyrant ic ard first beh ight,

o s o o l e As we fr m hi t ry and traditi n arn,

The Joyous b eauty and h er steel - cased knight

T o on d a th e r d this groun , the g y, grave in turn

Who o o or o e in sh ne in c urts, c nquer d the fight Long since they shared th e same sepulchral urn

And of th e e mmstrel s s n pageants anci nt u g,

’ No l n w n ta e o lingers on the peasant s to gue.

Wh th e o l l ere are n dding p umes, the g ittering spear,

Th e eb l - axe th e b ow P arqu us , the batt e ,

All — i n o e , such active use thr ugh many a y ar,

Are n l em l l ow with the ha ds that wie ded th aid , And the last enemy it woul d appear

H as worked his own predicted overthrow :

Th e l of o disma work st pping human breath,

of H as been arrested by the hand death .

E l o l l e xp re the doub e trench, and thoughtfu rac ,

Th e mo all e w o at which unheed d anders r und ,

o al l Th e vanished p rt , and the amp e space

l o —o o ! Enc sed, nce guarded, by the high raised m und

H ow vividly we feel that in such place

’ l o e no l o War s c ari n rst was unusua s und,

l o o But al its triumphs and defeats f rg t,

Th e castle becomes garden to a c ot

Trees are the only s entinel s that now

o men Are ranged where formerly sto d armed ,

’ l sat on th e e o ow Where awfu care h r s br ,

h en Th e housewife now pursues th e straying , E B ERKHAM ST D .

’ ul ll K vow t ere thousand hearts f fi ing nighthood s ,

l o hi s den Beat high for g ory, issuing fr m ,

’ n o n w l e O e champi n o appears , man s friend and s av ,

A littl e our most faithful and most brave .

’ H e the n o , when stra ger seeks his master s h me,

I o to ow ll mpetu us attack, his p ers wi strain,

’ o a th d e to o T sc re intru er, seem with rag f am,

And oo or w t o o i n s thed, menaced i h pr f und d sdai ,

’ R th o l l do e egards unkn wn though from a ord y m ,

o l do for And w u d more than bark, but his chain ;

P tha oras i n o of old y g him, s me chief ,

”c Wo l o e or ol . u d deem revived, unm v d by fear g d

Myriads of leaves on mound and Tower H ill

So ll ill w o Do o o ca ed that h , here nce the nj n r se,

’ T ll of ll e the waning year and Winter s chi ,

But in the cheerless time of frost and snows These vestiges are interesting stil l

To o e o lo him wh se breast with rever nd ard ur g ws ,

l l i s l di Whi e ebbing ife fe t rece ng fast,

- To read th e by gone gl ories of the past .

As th e writer approach ed a cottage whi ch stand s wi thi n th e area of th e r ui ns a small d o r sh ed from hi s kennel an d i n i mated stron , g u t g h i ntr di n freed om of a ran r Th r s di spl easure at t e u g st ge . e l atte by pe ech d ea oured t o make ea e i th th e ani mal b ut i n and es ures en ai n . g t v p c w , v ub se uentl b ei n armed i th a sti k one bl o of whi h wo l d S q y, g w c , w c u kill d th e d o h e rai sed i t threati n ly to aw hi m i nto sile h a e e e n e . v g, g c E en hi s fai l ed and th e fearl ess uardi an wi th o e eat n a s n l v t ; g , ut r tr i g i g e ste on i n ed h i s most zeal o s o osi i on . p, c t u u pp t G 2 ED 66 B E R KH A M S T .

TH E CHURCH

of l is dedicated to St . Peter , and consists a square embatt ed tower having an octagonal staircase at the south - east angle and is adorned with four handsome gothic windows . The inte rior consists of a nave with two side aisles and two chapels or chantries that on the south side is call ed the chapel of St . John .

A number of inscriptions of ancient date are found in all parts of the church from which we first select as worthy of note two

l l cut as s in the aforesaid chapel . They are in b ack etter in br l and p aced upon the floor .

The first is as follows

{acre Igeth Burger! t ower thys stone the huhpe at fichert

fient l man Iate serfiant untu t e a nkl e rintesse em e Ji meut, p , h p it iz

l utc esse at i nite anti mut er unto t e inurt fixin Qt ery e, B h f , h h hy g

f fnurt ant! flai t arhe t e t irhe w i c a ! finhert «Elfinart e the h h h h , h h s il IEuteut tries at the grete émetpug g gkmesse the fi rst year of the

uf m nt t e QEH . u on m use soul e u ab m reign 33 g ga ry h p b , gl h h e erry m ” g en.

to 1 4 5 . 8 Henry VII began reign in , which fixes the date of

Ro n the death of the above bert Incent . O consul ting Lan

’ l l l oo l q uette s Chronic es , a curious b ack etter b k pub ished in 1 5 60 the year ,

68 B ERKHAM STED .

r k uw uuttoarhl e i t u yf men Uyt ta e ru e y , str ke the '

i m r a l k l Ietr eim. fif t e smeate i n, ant im et i te y y th h y

rIu anti it man rIuat e§ i t werekept fiery se, tu h y h ,

‘ i me e s tif l eh t em ant hissul hevnatu e. Iif t e y h , r h y r

u r tr l ea e rummunl t e gunmenin t ei fiffe e tns y , y h y h r

l anti n he artetr or els immettiatel u un s eape, a y , y y

fur me n art Iearneh e mane their makynge. afie e h th r

’

a i nfinite numher er s eh . a a: s f keying, n y y h h Bifieafie fuIIuinetl «Engl ishmen as tueII inithin the

fiaealme as aIfiu i n st aun e mntre es. W e e , r g y h r

mur a at i anl rfur fare this nation was he ferhe t,

e t me be anne tn e ent anh emembe ! uh th y , g r p r r tram mhum that pl ague might tuel seme tnhe sent

h a h amunge us. §3ut as the yse se in tyme reIente

t an uur Hefiutiun also i n shurte spare I erayetr.

Hume says on this subject that thi s year ( 1 485) there raged

o s e at this time in Lond n , and other parts of the kingdom , a p

of l o or tlze swea cies ma ady unkn wn to any other ages nation , t i n s i ckness i of m g , wh ch occasioned the sudden death great ul titudes ; though it seemed not to be propagated by any conta

i ous nf l g i ection , but arose from the genera disposition of the air — of o . l o and the human b dy In ess than twenty four h urs , the patient commonly di ed or recovered ; but when the pestilence

r for few o had exerted its fu y a weeks , it was bserved , either

o l o fr m a terati ns in the air , or from a more proper regimen l which had been discovered , to be considerab y abated .

ANC I EN T ALTAR TOM B I N BE R K H AMSTED C H UR C H . B ERKH AM STED .

The second inscription runs thus

Q ere I et hur eonuoe t s stone t e hoo e of ater ne QE y h y r hy h y Sk y , ‘ ert itnrent fient fat e anomo er sumtyme the inyf of i toh , h r th

unto ortor of t e l ath e tn o Bo o Slohn lineent, iB h , h th h ne many

’ henekts auoo name nts ihen unto t is r a el of a nt o n r g h h y g y gj h ,

m r r a r ne rant e 32 oa e of arr t y he safe §k te y h £ y M h, he £382 year

of the reign of fitting iamry $1HHE.

1 509 l Henry VIII . began to reign in , and consequent y , C di R atherine , the wife of the prece ng obert Incent , died in the

2 l us 6 f a 1 5 1 3 . o ye r , out iving her h band years It is worthy

of n of the remark , that neither these i scriptions record the ages

u l in def nct , an omission se dom met with the present day .

l on or o of In the chape the opposite , n rth side the nave , is

of to a monument high antiquity , it not being known whom it

* bel O al l l onged . n an tar tomb , rich y carved , are p aced recum be of ur and on nt figures a knight in armo , his right side that

of l by a ady . His feet are supported a Lion , and hers by a

Do but i of l on s end g, from the C rcumstance the shie ds , the ea t “ the a um of tomb , bearing the same arms as nother mon ent in

l of Ri chard the ais e , with an inscription in brass to the memory

Tor r i ngton and M argaret hi s wif e it is conjectured that they il are members of the same fam y . The brass has outlived the

and f of l stone , in orms us that these worthy peop e (who are

stated to have rendered great pecuniary services to the church) ,

S e P e th e l ate . 7 0 B ERKHAM STED .

di 1 1 34 N l R 336 9 . ichard ed in , and his wife in ear y five cen

t ll tu ies have ro ed over their tombs , and yet the name of Tor rington remains an honourable record of their charitable munific enc e

T ll on l . here is sti e other inscription in the chape of St John , t o Edmundi 24 a monk , named Cook , qui obiit , die , mensis

un i 1 40 - on l l J i A D . 9 , . and a abe , issuing from the mouth of

hi s fil i di e a figure , representing effigy, Jesu miserere mei ,

Son of n ot Jesus God have mercy upon me , an inappropriate pray er for a monk

u o l In the so th east c rner of the church , in what has former y b l for C l hi l os een a chape atho ic wors p , but subsequent y taken p — session of as a famil y cemetery are two brass pl ates fixed on the wall —the first is to the memory of

o t 1 l th Au J hn Waterhouse , Gen , deceased the day of gust ,

o 1 5 5 8 hi s 1 0th in ann , and Margaret , wife , deceased the daye of i o January , in annum d ct , which John and Margaret had

s vi z — lli A and i sue , John , Thomas , Wi am , Edward , rthur

— i e name o Ki n s C l ve o these surnames be n th s . har es , fi f g f g

f l The second is o ater date .

u l b od e l i D Here nder ieth interred the y of the worthy ad e , ame

a of o llm Margaret W terhouse , deceased , daughter Th mas Spi an , of C Es hart , in the county of Kent , q , in memorie of whose

r l o W ve tues , and his dearest ve , Sir Edward aterhouse , Knight , 6 hath caused this monument to be erected . Shee died the th

a l 1 5 87 38 h es 1 3th N o d y of Ju y aged , and the vember , aged ’ I’ ‘ E S ED S S . 1 B RKHAM T , , MARY 7

55 l u i l D D , and ies b ried w th his ast wife , ame eborah , at the manor of Woodchurch in Kent . J

e i In the vestry is a painting, repres nt ng the entrance to the

C o l of . f ast e Berkhamsted It consists a gateway , surmounted

i all on d by a massive tower , and hav ng a sm er tower each si e ; l l on the atter , flags are disp ayed bearing the red cross .

' ’ B E A M S ED sr . A S RKH T , M RY ,

rw ll Nor thchur ch m l r othe ise ca ed , is a parish one i e f om Berk

’ h am d . ste . Th e , St Peter s , on the road towards Tring church

l Th al o has been late y renovated . e tar is dec rated with a m odern

of l no painting the Virgin and Chi d , after Vandyke , of mean

o o - of n o l l o merit , and an ther bject i terest , is a curi us y and e ab rately carved old Oak Chest which woul d furni sh a m odel

u - for sculptors of the present day. In the ch rch yard is a simple — inscription to the memory of

R P E T E ,

TH E D B OY WIL ,

1 7 85 .

h l l t l whose istory is en arged upon in a brass tab e , p aced on the

ll u S l eastern wa within the church , and perpet ates his ingu ar — fate as foll ows z His likeness is also engraved above the

inscription .

the r all l who To memo y of Peter , c ed the wi d boy , being

u l of H ert swald e fo nd wi d in the forest near Hanov r , in the year ’

7 2 B E STE S . M S . RKHAM D , T ARY

1 25 l l 7 he was then supposed to be about twe ve years o d . In the following year he was brought to England by order of Queen

C a l l i but ro ine , and the ab est masters were prov ded for him ,

l of S or of proving incapab e peaking, receiving any instruction , a comfortable provision was made for him by her majesty at a

- u of farm house in this parish , where he contin ed to the end his

f li —H e on 22nd of u 1 7 85 inof ensive fe . died the Febr ary , sup

to 2 posed be aged 7 . At K ’ A the ing s rms , at Berkhamsted , there is a portrait of l l l this remarkab e individua , towards whom pub ic curiosity was o ull nce most powerf y attracted . He was found in the woods by

u l King George the first , afterwards bro ght to Eng and , and a

- residence assigned to him at a farm house kept by a Mr . Fenn ,

u o li . in this neighbo rho d , where he ved many years

u The dogs found the wandering h man being , and pursued him l as they wou d the game they were originally sent to hunt . He was ak of of h r oll hi s n ed , with the exception part a s i t c ar round

To neck . escape the hounds he fled with great trepidation , and finally took refuge in a holl ow tree where he was ultimately secured .

’ l l l K Ar Mr . Page , the respectab e and ord of the ing s ms Inn ,

l al in which he has been estab ished more than h f a century , and wh o now of l has reached the age ninety years , is perfect y con

n of ll . versa t with the history Peter , to whom he was we known

l of hi m to He confirms the genera account given as his habits ,

l of but controverts the statement that he never aughed . Much

’

7 4 B E A S ED S . A S . RKH M T , T M RY

l . A attempted to harm no one nything ike chastisement , seemed l to a arm , rather than to irritate .

l o n l o ser Peter cou d not be taught g od man ers . The po ite b vances of a country vill age were too much for him . Whoever

’ l of n A might be in the par our the Ki g s rms , Peter without

o l l o l u o tr ub ing himse f to knock at the do r , wou d b rst in with ut

'

N or nl ac ted thu . ceremony . was it o y at the Inn that he s A ny

l l n l private house in the town that he fe t inc ined to e ter , he wou d

u manuer invade in the same abr pt .

ll b o to He was , for the most part , pretty we watched v th se whose care he had been confided . From Government they

ll t - five u received an a owance of thir y po nds per annum , this

u of l o perhaps for a h man being his habits , was , oking at the

of lif low then price of the necessaries e , and the rents , as much

ul as seventy pounds per annum wo d be now . When he entered

o l u l o a h use where company was assemb ed , it was sua for s me

o ne who knew him to caution strangers against being alarmed , l l . l as the intruder was perfect y harm ess He oved finery , and

’ ul l l wo d seem much p eased with a ady s gay attire , down which

he woul d pass his hand with evident admiration . A Shewycoat

l i u o in ike manner , attracted his not ce , and bright b ttons f und

u l especial favour in his eyes . He freq ent y testified the warmth

of his approbation by the legitimate and civilized mode of ex

l of l pressing app ause , as it is considered in some cases , c apping

to l o his hands . This act he resorted , not mere y when any bject

l but p eased his eye , anything soothed his mind , such as it was . ’ 75 B . M S E D S . M S ERKHA T , T ARY

In his Situation no very remarkable adventure coul d be expected

of hi s but to disturb the even tenor way , one incident occurred which is worth recalling . On some occasion he happened

or t t o elude the observation of his friends keepers , and s rayed

u i ul away . Every search which h mane anx ety co d suggest was

f r T u o in . made the wanderer , but vain hose who were acq ainted

l n l l he with the harm ess i capacity of Peter , itt e dreamed what had

ll N r . ot l uall a e fa en him Having g into orfo k , he had act y been pp f S o . hended as a py, in the interest the Pretender His bushy

ll ou t o beard , and genera y his unc th appearance , had caused it

o was n hi s li to S be supp sed that he a foreig er , and inabi ty peak ,

was clearly construed into a singular instance of cunni ng which thus aimed at guarding against the possibili ty of its bein g known

u t o what country the prisoner belonged . The s spicious cir

c um stanc es u under which he had been taken p, were advertised

“ in the Hue and C ry with a description of hi s person and

led di wh o manner , and these to his being scovered by those i were seek ng hi m . It was fortunate for him that this happened

th e soon , for treatment the poor creature received as a sus

ec ted ff i p spy , was so di erent to that to wh ch he had been

it r n o o accustomed , that th ew him i to a state of the m st prof und

l l l o n . me ancho y , and he obsti ate y refused food When the pers n

t o ff l l of hi s sent e ect his re ease , entered the p ace confinement

the unfort unate testified the comfort he derived from recog

nisin n l hi s g a face that he had k own before , b y c apping hands

ul O l with joyf vivacity . ne night whi e he was detained , a fire ’ 7 6 B S ED S E S . RKHAM T , T . MARY

f r u out . n u l o broke He was a xio s y sought , and when fo nd , was l l sitting quiet y in a corner , enjoying the ight and warmth very

and not all . much , at frightened

l of Ge e Peter ived in the reigns orge the first , G orge the

e of l second , and George the third . In the tim this ast named

’ ar l l mon ch , and not very ong before Peter s death , the wi d

ll all l to boy , as he was sti c ed , was by roya command taken

C u . N of o rt othing is reported his visit there , save that he — himself seemed gratified by what he saw Before taking him

was al ll l ul to there , however , he de t with in a way we ca c ated disappoint the curi osity which call ed him to the presence of the

’ i l r of . and n Great He was shaved , dressed the ive y the King s

i i u ul l u servants . In th s d sg ise it co d hard y be said that the Co rt B had an opportunity of seeing Peter the Wild oy.

To l of l of the ast , the habits his wi d companions the forest

r . were those which he prefe red When drinking , to him it was

to all on l a el more convenient f his knees , and p from a vess

l on u an was to p aced the gro nd , th to raise what he to take his

u u to lips . Tho gh he was s pposed understand the words c om monl to y addressed him , his capacity in this way was extremely l i l . no l imited It need hard y be added , that re gious impression could be made on a being like Peter . When sickness came over

so l of to him , he far resemb ed the rest mankind , as exhibit

for di depression of spirits and distaste food . He ed after havi ng been redeemed from the woods threescore years . His funeral

s lar l m n wa . by order , simi to that of a respectab e trades a Mr . ' ’ B STED sr . S . ERKHAM , MARY

P of ll age , from whom many the facts here co ected have been

- w o n one of ll nl one no l . btai ed , was the pa bearers , the o y a ive

to k Sometime after the interment , a person came Ber hamsted who l u n n represented himse f to have jo r eyed from Ha over , and

u r u li i was desiro s of having the co pse exh med , app cat on was

wh o u di t u made to the minister , ref sed permission to s rb the

remains . The stranger mentioned a high price , which he said

ul of s he wo d have given for the head the decea ed , and it was

shrewdly suspected that he did not depart till the object of his

n li . comi g had been accomp shed By some it was supposed , that

the application was connected with an attempt to identify the

deceased . Considering that Sixty year s had passed Since he was

u all l taken in the woods , d ring which ong p eriod much better

opportunities were constantly offered for satisfyi ng such an

ul off n enquiry , than wo d be ered by possessi g the corpse , this

o l c njecture must be admitted as very improbab e . It woul d be

l to u much more reasonab e s ppose , that the head was wanted t o

l of l assist the ear y enquiries the Phreno ogists , whose doctrines

then began to attract great attention in Germany .

his With respect to birth and parentage , nothing has vet

transpired . It was reported that a widower of Inc hti nger had u l l had a d mb chi d who , having been ost in the woods in 1 7 23 ,

’ u on w ret rned home again but his father s second marriage , as

out n - driven agai by his step mother . At the time he was

foohd u l n , he m st have been for a o g time an inhabitant of the

of woods . The fishermen the Weser , had seen at different H 2 ’

8 S ST . 7 E TE . S B RKHAM D , MARY

on n bo and had points the ba ks of the river , a poor naked y,

given him something to eat . He had not been heard to speak ,

and when Peter was discovered , was supposed to be the same .

of all We find the preceding account Peter , in its main par ti cul ars was l t , corroborated in various works . There a pecu iari y — in the formati on of his left hand two of the fingers being united by a web up to the middl e j oint . It was in the Bride well of the city of Norwich that Peter was confined when he

— l on e l strayed away having doubt ess gone , in of his wa ks , — beyond the bounds of his knowledge and in the House of

C o l rrection, of that p ace , he was punished as a

’ l s vagrant . There is a long notice of him in the Gent eman

z 1 7 8 V of 5 ol . 5 5 Maga ine , for May , and in , the same work ,

M onboddo him i n written by Lord , who paid a visit his retreat in Hertfordshire . A S H R I D G E .

TH E seat of Bridgewater family being situated two mile s

l e s of from this p ac amid t scenery the most interesting character ,

We annex the foll owing account of it for which we are chiefly

indebted to Hughson .

u in r of P itst n B A A o . shridge bbey is sit ated the pa ish , in ucks

u of Bonehomes all Assecheru e l The ho se , c ed gg , says Le and ,

of u n of u l of ll two l the fo ndatio Edm nd , Ear Cornwa , is mi es N off k l . Ber hamsted , and there the King odged orden de

A r l al our o scribed sh idge as a roya p ace , wherein most w rthy

u l z l owne and ever famous Q eene E i abeth odged as in her , being

’ sta teli e us f attem t then a more ho e , at the time o Wyatt s p e in

’

. In 1 554 l z Queene Marye s dayes , E i abeth , being now 8 0 A S HRI DGE .

’ of become the public and avowed object Mary s aversion , and

and ul u being openl y treated with much disrespect ins t , tho ght

o by Sir Ashridge . During thi s peri d she was accompanied

T o o S . h mas Pope , and others , m re as pies than attendants Sir

’ T ll o t o o the homas Wyatt s rebe i n having broke out , ppose ’ l l queen s match with Phi ip of Spain , it was immediate y pre

i li z o o tended that the pr ncess E abeth , in conjuncti n with L rd

C o r l D l u tenay , afterwards Ear of evon , was private y concerned

u l in that dangero s conspiracy , and that they he d conferences

u l u with the traitors . The princess was conseq ent y s mmoned t o court ; and notwithstandi ng her governors sent word that

ill al and traval she was in he th , unfit to , Sir Edward Hastings ,

Sir T all an d u ll homas Cornw , Sir Edward So thwe , attended by

oo of in . a tr p horse , were ordered to br g her to London They found her confined to her bed at Ashridge but under pretence of t n r m ll to the s rict ess of thei co mission , they compe ed her ri se ll o u di ro ; and sti c ntin ing very weak and in sposed , she p

’ c eeded u l Sl ur o . in the q een s itter by ow jo neys , to Lond n

After her release she changed her abode from this place for

l all u il u t o Hatfie d , where she princip y resided nt she s cceeded the crown .

Th e C oll egiate Church in which l ay the remai ns of Lord C D hief Justice Bryan , Sir Thomas and Sir John enham , and o of l the of ther persons distinction , was demo ished in reign l z e . ll l n in E i ab th The great ha and the c oisters , were e tire the

FRO M the station at Pendl ey which is one of the ancient manors

lo t n ll to be nging to the dis rict of Tri g, the trave er finds his way the town by a tortuous road nearly two miles in extent on

n l bv entering Tri g on the eft , through an Opening formed a

o u of l l n . K br ad aven e nob e trees , the mansion be ongi g to Mr ay B (at present in the occupation of Mr . Hankey , the anker) , is

l l for u l di scovered . The house is ess remarkab e architect ra beauty than for the place it occupies in history ; the site having

n f C rl . o e o been chosen by ha es II as a residence for his favorites , the celebrated Nell Gwynn . The present mansion was erected

C . o by Sir hristopher Wren The park , h wever , in which it

Th Tri n eo l e are d e ermi n nd a e g p p t ed not to b e b ehi the ge. A n ew road i s al ready marked out from th e town to th e Railway i n a strai h li n e of il and a h alf i n l n th g t a m e e g . 8 3 TRING . stands is a truly magnificent sample of that woodland scenery

- for which England boasts pre eminence over all other countries . — If the travell er chooses the chief inn the Rose and Crown

u l for his sojo rn , we recommend him to ose no time in aseen

an - ding eminence towards the south west behind the inn ,

’ (called Stubbing s Wood) and he will make the agreeable dis c over w l l y, that a to n p aced apparent y in a flat and uninteresting

l t u u all . situation , is in rea i y s rro nded on sides by the picturesque

’ one cou d cei l The extensive view from this point , embraces at p ,

o o t war s l th se bjects which he may af er d visit in detai , or at l l least al those within the circ e we prescribe to ourselves . The

o of t wn , embosomed in a profusion forest trees , amongst which

the graceful Beech and the majestic Chestnut predominate

the reservoirs for supplyi ng the Grand Junction C anal in times

of — ll l — l drought the hi of Ivinghoe , high and b eak the co umn

at Al dbury erected by the C ountess of Bridgewater

Leighton Buzzard Church in the neighbouring county of

B l —and all l l of edford , distant nine mi es fin y the cha ky ine the

R l o off l o o ai r ad sweeping to the westward , the nob e inn vati n

of o of no art am ng the grander works nature . It may t be

to for T amiss introduce here a few words the antiquarian . ring was a place of great note when king Alfred divided this

o u of Trea n c untry into h ndreds , and from the ancient name g,

R the present corruption of T I NG is derived . It bore the former

name when the Norman C onqueror came amongst us

The u fe i s st ll run at Trin dur n th e i nter month c r w i g g i g w s . 84 TRING . which time there were two mill s on the stream rented at nine

ll n 1 1 48 un . the shi i gs per year each In , king Stephen fo ded

u o f Feversh am an d ch rch in Kent , gave to the abbot and

t o of T er etual al u l monks here f, the manor ring in p p ms (do bt ess not then dreaming of Henry VIII . ) to pray for the souls of

u u i l i n Ma de his q een and all fa thful peop e . King Edward II the ninth year of his reign granted to the said abbot of Fever

an d the monks i n the manor o Tr in l sham , f g, a market to be he d on n Friday which is still kept o that day . This manor was

l of il u hl s he d by the abbots Tring , unt the r t es mind of Henry

VIII will ed its dissolution when it shared the fate of all the monastic establishments in the country and became the propert y of the crown .

T E H CHURCH .

We have seldom seen a temple dedicated to Christian wor

ih l of u l di l ship , a Provincia town , s ch arge mensions ; whi st it

one of ll l is the number sti seen , whose gothic co umns and

not u of arches , have yet been r ined by the adoption that modern

o ll l inn vatio n called Gall eries . The wa s are remarkab y

u hi of Al a scanty in Mon ments , but wit n the precincts the t r is

S l eflort of ul u to ll a p endid sc pt re , the memory of Sir Wi iam

Al a of . Gore , Knight and derm n London , and his Lady The Rectory of Th ing belongs to the Dean and Chapter of Christ

u O ar e l to offici ate Ch rch , xford , who ob iged find a Curate to i i at Tr ng , Wigginton and Long Marston (the present st pend TRING . 85

un n l one r and un we dersta d , is on y hund ed fifty po ds per

u in D n annum) . The ch rch is the ea ery of Berkhamsted

f ln and of six c s o ll . dio e e Linco , has a ring be s There are an

l w n l 1 639 1 65 an 1 5 cient s abs ithi the chance , dated , 3 d 6 8 ;

of of l l i n and a coat arms the Lake fami y, in ancient g ass , the

n u l u - ar and azure north wi dow, q arter y fo r crescents , counter

. u l of a ro ri atel changed The b i ding is free stone , very pp p y — covered wi th stucco equival ent in our estimation to silvering

l of go d . The parish Wigginton is upon the high ground to

d n and n e the eastwar of Tri g park , the i habitants poss ss very — extensive pastur age rights the C ommon extending nearly

l in di l five mi es a rect ine , as far as Chesham , in the neigh b ouring county of Bucks . l . u d u . an The ch rch is dedicated to St Peter and St Pa , the

l b eautified 1 7 1 4 interna part was repaired and in the year , at

of occu the sole expense the above mentioned Gore , who then

1 7 07 and hi s pied the mansion in Tring Park . He died in , 1 Lady 7 05 .

One of the branches of the river Thames rises on the south — a one all east , in this p rish , from two separate springs c ed

Dundell Bulborne n un Head , and the other Head , and the r s by

- Box Moor into Oxfordshi re .

of i s u Ikenild one of The town Tring seated pon the Street ,

u R n C ul u R n the fo r oma ons ar ways , constr cted by the oma s ,

during their possession of this country for the passage of their

t to nu &c . no armies , ; it may be amiss e merate them here 86 I TR NG .

- rom Totness i n D evonshi re to The Foss way , extended f

Cai thness i n land S cot .

‘ “ E r i t r m t - o o S . The rmin Street , Herm n S reet , ran f

’ D avid s to S outham ton al ll p , having sever sma er roads branching

all l . from it , c ed vicina ways

“ l r ll The Wat ing Street where pe fect , is sti one of the

I t commences at D over and ends fi u i n l . nest ca seways Eng and , Al ’ at Cardi an i n S outh Wales u . g , , r nning through St ban s ,

D le A hr u . unstab , Towcester, therstone and S ewsb ry

Th e Ikeni ld Y N o l Street extended from armouth in rfo k ,

the eastern part of the kingdom of the Iceni (from whom it l i derived its name) , to Bar ey in Hertfordsh re , giving in its

u al ll I ckworth I cldin h am co rse , name to sever vi ages , as , g , and

I cl de o R r t n . l From Bar ey to oyston , in Cambridgeshi e , it

divides the counti es of Cambridge and Hertford . From Ick

leford run R N ir O f it s to T I G , crosses Buckinghamsh e and x ord i sh re , passes the Thames at Goring, and extends to the western

ar of l p t Eng and .

Whil st these hi storical details are fresh in the mind of the

ll al trave er , if he w k to the western extremity of the town , he

ill r on l l w obse ve the right hand . in a arge garden enc osed by a

ll l i of oak wa , a bui d ng formed brick and ribbed with , bearing — unequivocal marks of age this is no other than the M onastery — of Tri ng al though now converted into the residence of a farm

er , and used in this present nineteenth century as a lodging

u ll of r l ho se for trave ers the wo king c ass , in which there were at 8 7 TRING .

our l one u n the period of visit , at east h ndred persons co gre

—chi efl R l l u l gated y ai way abo rers , appropriate y enjoying their

- k of D r home brewed al e in the very itchen the monks . The o

i of n n mitori es an d C ell s may be v sited by permission the te a t .

In the former there are some remai ns of carvings whi ch seem originally to have represented somethi ng of the pomp of

” l r l in of i or u hera d y, probab y commemoration some g ft beq est

u l or - n which a pio s ife death bed penite ce had bestowed . The

l t and ul an chambers were of y va ted , and even in decay, inspire

k n u interest somewhat a in to awe , It has bee fo nd convenient

l o l il l u in ate years , pr bab y , wh e the bui ding was occ pied as a

u e l of ll in workho s to curtai the fair proportions the Ha , by troduc in l u g a new floor and cei ing, and the apartment th s

nal now us gained between the new floor and the origi roof, is ed

Banker s ll now as a tap by the , as the excavators are ca ed , who lodge in a part of the old Priory . The kitchen has had its di

s i n l fire- l mensi on a n . abated , but the orig p ace remai s What

c l of u l was the hape , or part it , is at present occ pied as a stab e .

We in vain look for the original form of the windows of the .

or n l ll ul of refectory pri cipa Ha , as the assa ts Time had made it necessary to repair the external wall when the old window was

out . O i n of one of rt m taken n renew g the floor the apa ents , the present occupier found that a considerable number of human bodies had been there deposited . Whether the sepulchral vault of el li m l on or the r igious estab sh ent former y existed that spot ,

t e u n the whether h bones th s u expectedly discovered , were 88 TRING . remai ns of victims to those crimes which hi story assur es us were but too u l in n na i freq ent y perpetrated the ancie t mo ster es , can l now be onl y matter of conjecture . They have been eft undis l turbed in n l . a . their resti g p ace The present occup nt , Mr Bea ,

in ll and ll S an te igent farmer , his fair consort , cheerfu y how to

“ u us all l n the c rio visitor , that is most remarkab e in their ancie t dwelling and obli gingly give every information in their power .

A a of u l l ll on vot ry the M ses who ate y ca ed them , furnished us with the foll owing Stanzas which were suggested by what he saw and heard there .

TR N R ORY I G P I .

w l I it e The . or d goes round, see h re For yonder venerabl e pile

W l z o u e e here a y m nks breathed vows a st r ,

I s nowthe scene of cheerful toil .

' No the nl more ster y thundered doom,

T th e o f l urns f ending brother pa e,

But o s ng and chorus in its room,

’ Aid m t - w e bre d al . ir h, inspired by home

90 TRING ;

S ome bosoms to devotion true

’ e H ere fled from all earth s cares and prid ,

o e to u Anxious His fo tst ps purs e,

on C l Who for their sins a vary died,

’ the e l e For them p a ing organ s not ,

u o l The solemn req iem s ft and c ear,

’ eze to Seem d on the evening bre float,

C elestial sounds to mortal ear .

o l ll But these were rare and c u d that ha ,

Wh ere monks communed tell all it saw ; Th l e worshipper it might appa , l l Nay thri l the infide with awe . For frightful orgies it may be

’ ll e o er Within these wa s were act d ,

e s l e see Wh n those who e mou dering bon s I ,

Were hid beneath the ancient floor .

S uch was alas ! too sure the case

In of priories other days,

Murder and riot filled the place

E e for e e rect d but pray r and prais . And h e who Should have watched the fold

To w l e keep the o f from coming n ar,

B for o l l or l etrayed w r d y joys go d,

u s and A tr st o sacred so dear . TRING .

Strange changes mark the flight of time

tu men o saw Three cen ries since w ndering ,

old o of The ab des cant and crime,

’ Abolished by a despot s Law.

w u oo Heaven ith base instr ments works g d,

A pregnant instance we have there ;

’ The w who S loo retch hed a consort s b d,

and Made tyrant priests monks despair .

And u T th s perhaps it was that ring,

T u z l o ed ho gh at the time it ea ts shock ,

Was cleansed by a ferocious king

who t u From knaves r th and virtue mocked .

’ We ask not who successive pass d

N —of ext occupants this secure ,

The l l fabric we beho d, at ast, C t ame Heaven directed o the Poor .

w I on No ndustry every part,

I l ai nl ts hand has d in ma y strife, To render each with rustic art u l l f Appropriate to h mb e i e .

k who de the l Where mon s sung, those gui p ough,

r e of ll Fo pipes inst ad anthems ca , — nd C l l now A in the hape stab e ,

l stal A horse enjoys the on y l . 9 2 TRING .

A short walk on the north side of the town leads to the

ll l C o o extensive Mi s be onging to Messrs . Evans of L ndon ,

c O A u r for onverting raw silk into rganzine . bout five h nd ed

s l n lls hand , chiefly fema es , are at prese t engaged , but the mi are

l f At capab e o giving employment to seven hundred persons .

u of on l tu the j nction the road which this estab ishment is si ated ,

an Ikenild ni the cient way is crossed , run ng east and west , and

beyon d are the numerous and capacious reservoirs (the deli ght of

the followers of Isaak Walton) for the supply of theGrand Junc

'

all n . tion C anal . This is what is c ed the Tri g summit The

s l S am re ervoirs are fed by the and prings , and a ste engine is

l for l t the l emp oyed if ing water thence into the cana . Here ,

l one of the i n of l l of R l a so , is h ghest poi ts the who e ine the ai

at l s in N o i - five l road , except Ki by orthampt nsh re , seventy mi es

all n l u ul from London , and as we deem k ow edge is sef , espe

c iall R l n l n our y ai road k ow edge , we have a nexed to map a

l i ncli nati ons o t e h le i section of the leve s and f h w o l ne. It

may not be thought foreign to the subj ect matter of

s ll un l the e sketches , and especia y as the Grand J ction Cana

l R l of u se to accompanies the ai road the greater part its co r ,

u introd ce here its history in brief. The act for the formation of l 1 9 2 1 this Cana was obtained in the year 7 . In 7 95 it was o far n s pened as as Bre tford where it join the Thames . The

l l ddi to N who e ine from Pa ngton Braunston in orthamptonshire , 1 805 l l . l was comp eted in March Its entire ength , inc uding the

n to and u dr bra ches Uxbridge Wendover , is one h n ed and

94 TRING .

l l park , which remained in the Gore fami y a considerab e time , when it was purchased of the last representative by Drummond

1 8 B . t . 04 Smi h Esq who , in the year was created a aronet It

a u . K . next c me by p rchase to its present possessor , Mr ay — Three hundred acres of the Park are on the Chil tern the

hi ll l u of . run s which near y divide the Co nty Bucks , and from T w l ring to ards Ivinghoe . They were former y covered with

to u ar u i beech s ch a degree, as to be a constant h bo r for th eves ,

‘ n A Al a to u Leoffstan bb ot of . which i duced , St b ns , ca se the trees l ll ll to be eve ed and thereby destroyed the nuisance . These hi s

O a of reach from Bedfordshire to xfordshire , and form p rt the great chai n from N orfolk to Dorchester in the latter county . l l We conc ude this chapter with re ating , as we find it in

’ u ul u of extraor H ghson s Peramb ations , an acco nt a most dinar ffai l ll of the uli y a r , high y i ustrative ignorance and cred ty of l t u l the ast cen ry , which happened in this p ace in the year l 1 7 5 1 . o Some country pe p e were possessed of an opinion ,

an old of o R that man and woman that town , J hn and uth

O witclzes on t of l l n of sborne , were , accoun severa catt e dyi g a

i hi : u of l contag on w ch then raged great n mbers them assemb ed ,

on on some horseback , and others foot , and went and had them

l i ff . proc a med as such , in three di erent market towns These unfortunate pe0p1e were afterwards dragged from the vestry of

u al l the ch rch , where they had been conce ed , and so severe y

on an d ducked , that the woman died the spot , the man a few

l t u days afterwards . Severa p ersons were commit ed to c stody TRI NG . 9 5

’ on the Verdict of the Coroner s j ur y ; and one Thomas Coll ey

o al hi ff (who , th ugh a princip actor in t s horrid a air , was prompt

l u i ed by others , and by the iq or wh ch he had drank) , was

z s all tried at the ensuing assi es for Hertford hire , and capit y

l on 1 8 of A l t . out a convic ed It came at the tri that , the th pri

1 7 5 1 one N l ll D ll of l , icho s came to Wi iam e , the crier Heme

hi of u - Hempstead , and gave ma piece paper , with fo r pence , that he might cry the words written thereon , in the market

l s This i s to ive noti ce that on p ace . The word were these g ,

M onday next a man and woman are to be p ubli clyducked at Tri ng i n im this Count or thei r wi cked cr es . y, f

of l l The overseer the parish , where these peop e ived , having

l uzz l heard this cried at Wins ow , Leighton B ard , and Heme

on l Hempstead , the severa market days , and being informed

l O n and Ru i s if that the two peop e were John sbor e th h w e , he sent them to the workhouse for safety . The master of the

ll u workhouse , to make sti more sec re , removed them , in the

dl of n 21 st - of mid e the ight of the , into the vestry room the

i of l ul church , th nking the sanctity the p ace wo d have some

. a awe upon the mob , if they came However , on the day p

ve thous and l ll pointed , more than fi peop e were co ected together

r l O at T ing , dec aring revenge against sborne and his wife as a wi zard and witch they pull ed down a l arge wall belonging to the workhouse—(the ancient priory) —and demolished the f windows and window frames . The master o the workhouse assured them they were not there the mob woul d not believe 9 6 T RING .

but u u l and him , r shed in and searched the ho se , the c osets , even

and un the boxes tr ks . They declared they woul d pull the house

if i not down the v ctims were produced , and some proposed set

fire l all O ting to it ; at ast they swore , that , if sborne and his

l l nl u wife were not de ivered to them , they wou d not o y b rn the

l of workhouse , but the who e town Tring . The master being

l do l apprehensive that they wou d as they had promised . at ength

u l m informed them where the nhappy peop e were . The ob now

As off ll . went in triumph , with Co ey at their head soon as the mob tr - z O i entered the ves y room , they sei ed sborne and his w fe ,

to l ll Gubbl ec ote u l and carried them a p ace ca ed , abo t two mi es ' off di a , where not fin ng pond to their purpose , they carried

Wil ston ut them them to Green , and p into separate rooms in a

u t ho se there ; they s ripped them naked , and tied them up

’ l s l separate y in a sheet , but first they cro sed the man s egs and

and bent hi s bod so as to ti e hi s thumbs to his reat toes . arms , y g

ll ‘Wil ston ro e When they came to the pond , ca ed Wear , a p

of R O o two was tied under the armpits uth sb rne , and men

ll o dragged her into the pond , and through it , and Co ey went int

nd u al the po , and t rned her sever times over and over with a

A t u u to stick . f er they had d cked the woman , they bro ght her m old hi . land , and then dragged the man in , and ducked Then

ai he was set aside , and the woman ducked ag n as before , and

old Colley made the same use of his stick . Then the man was A ducked again . fter which the woman was a third time ducked ; and Colley went into the pond and pull ed her about

TH E cross roads in this district which are some of the most nu tractable we have seen in all our perambul ations are at length destined to u ndergo a change . We may imagine that instead of now li hi l l , as , being ob ged to visit t s interesting itt e town by

of or al al l of R l way Tring, to w k ong the cha ky banks the ai road for l alf all l of a mi e and a h in a direction par e , instead in a

l of n d ll straight ine , to the point desti ation , that a irect road wi

l t l of i be cut to Pend ey , by which , more han a mi e the d stance ll wi be saved . It was by no means a common sight , however ,

n l to witness the progress of the work o this part of the ine , where there is n ot less than two miles of cutting in the chalk so deep that mechanical me ans of a n ovel character have been 9 9 IVINGH O E .

resorted to for the raising of the soil to the surface . These

means consist in the employm ent of horses to drag the work

men and their wheelbarrows of chalk up an incli ned plane at an

l of not l - five ang e ess than forty degrees , the operation from the bottom to the surface (a space of sixty to seventy feet) oc cu i n l py g but a few seconds of time , the workman and vehic e being as sisted in their still more rapid descent by the backing l of the horses and keeping the cab e , which passes over a wind

l l l . r ass , to erab y tight From the new Bridge over the di ect

R of i u oad from Tring to Ivinghoe , the view th s c tting , spread

l al the ing east and west, and ost in distance , most amounts to s ublime . We recommend a pause of a few minutes on the spot

. to all who c an admi re and appreciate the results of l abour by

r man in cong egated numbers . We imagine

‘ our vi sit u of one o , there were pwards thousand men empl yed on “ l of u di the two mi es c tting to which we now rect attention .

The approach to Ivinghoe is marked by scenery of no mean character . On the north is the Hill (part of the range call ed

l r ll of and the Chi te n Hi s) Ivinghoe , in the distance on a ridge of l , Tott the same b eak aspect rich in stone quarries , is ernhoe, one and a half mil es from Dunstable ; locall y these bleak hi lls are

all c ed downs . Tott ernhoe is remarkable for a Roman forti

ficati on ll ca ed the Castle overlooking the village of Stow

r un of O b idge in the neighbouring co ty Bedford . n the north west the valley sweeps away for ten or twelve mile s 1 00 IVINGH OE .

of l rt l al u interspersed by the waters the cana , an a ificia tho gh

of al ways delightful adjunct to vall ey scenery . The spire Leighton

u l ll l in ch rch , in c ear sunshine , wi rather invite than repe the

A of clination to explore its unknOm i cimty. t the distance a mile from Ivinghoe its church may be brought into a line with

' of th e se uestered al that Pitstone , which stands in q v e with the

S r - i mple accompaniments of a fa m house and a few trees . It

of l l occurred to us indeed , that the inhabitants this thin y popu ated di u lm l strict , m st be a ost ost by division on Sundays between ll the two churches of Ivinghoe and Pitstone . The reader wi

C of observe that he is now in the ounty Buckingham .

’ I vin hoe of one g can boast at present but Inn , the King s

of ul not R al Head , the painting which wo d do honor to the oy

A . on u 1 31 8 cademy It has a market Sat rdays , granted in by

B of l the ishop Winchester , but which has ong been so small as m al l . e two n and to be ost nomina Situated betwe n mai roads , l l l consequent y being itt e visited , it has a primitive air , and its dimensions are too small to admit of its association in the mind as u w l a town but s ch it is , and a market to n a so . In the

olden time one may imagine that it grewinto importance “ l on Ikenil d from its being p aced the way, which is still one of of two u l the high roads the vicinity , about f r ongs from the t own . The Manor was given by Edward the C onfessor

of our to the see Winchester . If reader is a pedestrian , he may obtain one of the finest views in England from the summit

1 02 IVINGHOE .

On the north side of the chancel is an ancient altar tomb

i ffi of of l w th an e gy the defunct , said to be that Henry de B ois ,

f of o of . Bishop Winchester , and brother king Stephen It is

in l hi of stone and tolerab y good preservation . From the story

i l ll l ro th s Pre ate , it wi be earned that there is the strongest p hability of the traditionary account of the tomb being perfectly

u l acc rate . Besides , we may add , that at Murs ey , in Bucks ,

l n l mo five mi es from Ivi ghoe , (near Wins ow , ) was a nastery which in 1 802 was al most entire (and the remain s of ll n l which may sti be seen) , founded by this He ry de B ois , whi ch favors the probability of his resting place being that which tradition has assigned it ; and he is said to have had his

- Berr stead now on . residence in this parish at y , a farm house the

Bridgewater estate .

B one of This ishop we find from a reference to history , was

ul u l f the most turb ent and ambitio s pre ates o his day . He was

son of l of Bl A l the youngest Stephen , Ear ois , by de a , the

of ll Du n of daughter Wi iam the Conqueror . ring the reig

l of l i n Henry the first , the e dest son the Ear , be ng se t into

l of who not Eng and gained the good graces that monarch , ,

e content with conferring honours on his nephew Steph n , sent for his younger brother Henry, then a monk in the monastery of Glu ni on g , who , reaching this country , was made by him

A of l t of . first bbot G astonbury , and af erwards Bishop Winchester

t woul d seem By this boun y it , the king hoped to strengthen his d u l n l a ghter Mati da , to whom he wished his crow shou d V N I I G H OE.

of n descend . The gratitude his nephews did ot produce the desired effect . Though Stephen was the first to swear fealty

on to the princess , no sooner was the king his death bed , than the n ul of i of l brothers , u mindf the W shes their roya benefactor,

e l opposed her interest . St phen c aimed the throne , and his brother Henry having prevail ed on the Archbishop of Canter

u l u o b ry and the Bishop of Sa isbury to favo r his views , n the

22md D 1 1 35 or to R D of ecember , ( according apin , ecember 26, l he became King of Eng and .

u n hi s a But the Bishops , thro gh whom he gai ed dvancement ,

of l t n l in consequence his severe y exac ing obedie ce to the aw,

s from them and their adherent , soon became the enemies of his w o . a tl p er He insisted upon their giving up their c s es , and the Bishop of Winchester then distinguished himself by the bold ff opposition which he o ered to his king . He had been made l at n eg e to the Pope and invested with that dig ity , considered

l al n u himself to be an ecc esiastic sovereig , and as s ch enti tled to exercise power not less extensive than that which belonged to

l of l the civi monarch the rea m , and he therefore determined to

l of in u vindicate the privi eges the church , which his j dgment, l ll Stephen had vio ated . With this view , he ca ed a synod

n at Westminster , before which he arraig ed the impiety of

u s n of Stephen , who had proceeded to p ni h the dig itaries the l u of u l u c ergy witho t waiting for the sentence a spirit a co rt .

l u l l He exhorted the pre ates vigoro s y to assert their privi eges ,

u n to u ns to the ll and ind ced the sy od send a s mmo king , ca ing 1 E 04 IVINGHO .

upon hi m to appear before them to vindicate his measures .

Au l Stephen , in consequence , sent brey de Vere to p ead his l l cause , who , in doing so , charged the eading pre ates with trea

The li u l l of son . synod refused to sten to this , n ess the cast es ,

re which they had been dispossessed by the king, were first

of al u l stored . The Bishop S isb ry intimated that the ma ediction

of ul l to the church might be expected , and that he wo d appea l De tone . and the Pope . Vere then took a higher , dec ared that

u ul if they ventured to excomm nicate the king, they sho d soon

of have reason to repent it , and if any their reverend body

u on R t ul vent red this occasion to proceed to ome , hey wo d

u A u never be permitted to ret rn . wed in some meas re by this

firmness , the synod abated its pretensions , and took no stronger

l Ar step than adopting a reso ution , that the chbishop of Canter bury and the Bishop of Winchester shoul d wai t on the king to demand reparation .

u l u These dissensions enco raged Mati da, the da ghter of the l l to l ate King , to invade Eng and and c aim the sovereign power .

ul u She was at first successf , and Stephen had the misfort ne to

. n become her prisoner In his distress , many of the Barons we t

l that he who slee s at I vin h . oe over to Mati da Then it was , p g , l l became indeed important . Mati da fe t that in those days , the

l u l u sovereign cou d not hope for security , n ess he had the s pport

Cl u to n of the ergy , and was therefore most anxio s gai the

of u Bishop Winchester . For this p rpose she held a conference l f with him on an open p ain near Winchester , where she of ered ,

E 1 06 IVINGHO .

l of ff means of appeasing the troub es the state . This a air has al ready been debated in the presence of the greater part of the l all l c ergy , who beyond dispute have a principa share in the l K l e ection of ings , and we , after mature de ib eration , have de

rmi ned owl l the l te to ackn edge Mati da , daughter to incomparab e l o . King Henry , for queen and s vereign of Eng and l K To such a pitch did he carry his hosti ity to the ing , that

o of l n he even pposed the reading a etter presented to the sy od ,

h u from the queen of Step en , praying that her h sband might be

l l t set at iberty , but Mati da , by her haughty depor ment , soon

off l m . ended the bishop , in common with the who e kingdo The

il ul l fac ity with which he co d change sides , was again disp ayed , the moment he found the friends of his brother once more be

l and coming the stronger party . He conspired against Mati da ,

z formed a plot to sei e her person . She discovered his treachery l l and fled from the danger , and is said to have e uded the vigi

of b causin herse to be c onve ed rom ance her enemies , y g lf y f

izes to louce ter i n a co n D ev G s fi. ' The Bishop of Winchester now wrote to the Pope to obtain

i n his sanction to the steps he was taking favour of his brother .

u l ll This obtained , he appeared at a co nci ca ed at Westminster , l l with the etter of the Ho y father in his hand , defended the

n t own l b consiste cy and integri y of his conduct , and conc uded y excommunicating all who should thenceforth take part with

Matilda .

now o l n Stephen , restored to power , pr bab y thought it prude t I E IV NGH O . 1 07

ff l u not again to o end the pre ate , who contin ed actively to support

u l his a thority . Ear y in the year 1 1 43 he summoned a co uncil at London , where , in the presence of the King he called on the Bishops to exert themselves more vigorously than they had l previous y done , to put an end to the war which then raged .

o e He obtained from them a pr mise of more en rgetic support ,

’ on the King s granting certain condi tions for the future regu l l l ation of the church , most favourab e to the c ergy .

l on of Litt e menti is made the Bishop after this . The

n l l arrangeme t conc uded between Stephen and Mati da , under

on of of l which , the death the former , the son the atter was to suc c eedtothe u l n throne , it may be pres med , eft him no Opportu ity

l or for profitab y changing sides again , age perhaps made him

l u l more attentive to his re igio s duties , and ess anxious to

u i u disting ish h mself on the p olitical stage . It is but j stice to

to l l add , that if his conduct appears modern notions itt e in l i accordance with that meekness , purity , and ove of peace , wh ch

ul z w l sho d characteri e a christian minister , hi e we condemn his

ul di ll turb ence , his sregard of oaths , and genera y , his pursuing

l ll l al a ine of conduct equa y at variance with truth , oy ty and

ll ul of honour , it is on record , that he was not who y unmindf the l l l . A c aims of charity mi e south from Winchester , the venerab e hospital of the holv cross still does honour to his name .

“ ’ Dr l o l o . ofty t wer observes Mi ner the grated door , the p rter s l ul ll odge beneath it , the retired amb atory , the separate ce s , the l l c ommon refectory , the venerab e church , the flowing b ack 1 8 I 0 VINGHO E .

l dress , and the si ver cross worn by the members , the conventual

ll one appe ation brother , with which they address another , l the si ence , the order , the neatness in short , that reign here ,

e to ll se m reca the idea of a monastery , to those who have s een one ll u l , and wi give no imperfect idea Of s ch an estab ishment ,

Bu hi to those who have not had that advantage . t t s establish l l ll ment was never a monastery , being on y an hospita origina y

Bisho H enr de Blois e 1 1 32 1 1 36 f founded by p y betwe n and , or the residence and maintenance of thi rteen poor men an d the

l Of o Of of bu re ief a hundred thers the most indigent the city, t

l to Of creditab e character . Each Of these was be provided

l of ll daily with a oaf Of bread , three quarts sma beer , and two

l l u . messes for his dinner , in a ha appointed for the p rpose In l the hospita was an endowment for a master , a steward , four

l l . chap ains , thirteen c erks and seven choristers

of C The church being in the form the Latin ross , there are

l of i nc ri ti on s two chape s , in both which are ancient p on the

et l in floor . We give them verbatim iteratim , beginn g with that on the north side .

th n huh at u mm game Iyefi) unher this fi e, the pe W ill iam flB u he

fieutl emau tu a ah ttnh m ses war auh wi re tu a heeeaseh , b b u , y , b

2 6 (Busti e 1 5 7 6 aah ah issue b is {f at w te t ee Sh ane‘s r , , b y h r y , hr

I i s b ut j sti e to o h er hi sto i ans to add th a H hson i n hi s t u c t r , t ug eramb l ati ons i n ima es th at p u , t t th e monum ent i n questi on appeared to h i m Of tOO mod ern a da e . and mi h b el on to a Pe e hac e ort t g t g t r C p , an i ni on not s o ed h o e e b an h i Op upp rt w v r y y aut or ty.

1 1 0 IVINGHO E .

n and rou u of the same ma e al preservatio , the roof is th gho t t ri !

l and i t . b anched by time , a mo st a mosphere There are in the

l u l u chance , ten fig res Of ange s bearing esc tcheons , and the same

nt l l urn number Of Saints . The ce re ais e is a so f ished in a — similar manner but the chief gem of this unique little edifice is the iron bracket close to the pul pit in which used to be “ u l to n suspended the ho r g ass , war the preacher when to

not f cl ose his sermon . We are aware o the existence Of a l d simil ar relic in any church i n Eng an . ! ! A D L E I G H T O N B U R .

S n n t nds on t R l THI a cie t town s a the righ Of the ai way , at a

n one m l and n s ta ce of i e , withi that short pace the Grand

u i n l n J nct on Ca a a d the river (the Ousel) both intervene . It — is situated on the very confines Of Bedfordshi re the Ousel

a i sep rati ng th s county from Bucks . From London its di stance

Old - one l u R l by the road Of forty mi es , is red ced by the ai way

(whi ch has here gained three mil es upon the ancient means of

- l Th la u communicati on) to thirty eight mi es . e p ce is s pposed

th L ean ur n n l to have been e ancient yg b y Of the Saxo Chro ic e , ” and Buzzard to be a modern corrupti oii of the name Of a

l in n u d ll Beaudesert . The fami y the eighbo rhoo , ca ed market A i s on u and is n n the u . T esday, the most a cie t in co nty

n o Re ann l to Lo doner fresh from Cheapside r gent Street , c ot fai

t u of n en u be s r ck with the air the streets , where the a ci t ho ses ,

oak nt m e w l n s and h ribbed with , i er ix d ith brick , gab e e d , t atch , 1 1 2 D LEIGHTON BUZZAR .

ll sti predominate over the more modern erections . The Manor

l on l u is he d ease under the ch rch Of Windsor , and was origin ll aii t d f r e . O a y g by Henry II , to the abbess and nuns Font

N tu n l Everard in ormandy , who in re r for this favour , estab ished

ll for Grovebur a ce nuns at y, in the parish Of Leighton . Besides

i al on th s ien priory , it is asserted the authority Of Bishop

Tu u on rner , that there was a ho se for Cistercian m ks (the same order as the nuns at Font Everard) which was a cell to Woburn A l . u bbey This fraternity probab y occ pied the monastery, the — remains Of which may be seen in Broad Street one of the

l f b - o of si ar . re ics y gone days , worthy a vi t from the antiqu ian

Th e t v at ention , howe er, is first arrested by the ancient Gothic

C l u hi ross in the market p ace , abo t w ch so much has been

has u u l a written , and which nconscio s y stood (not sat) to p int

ur ers and sketchers of every generation during many cent ies .

Of al o effii es ni It is a pentagon f rm , and has as many g in ches

T reli i ous c an in its upper story . hat it was a g cross there be

‘ l hii l . o no doubt , seeing that a pre ate , a saint (probab y St J ) .

n l l and the virgi and chi d , are amongst the personages scu p l l l tured l not l . a , and ast , east , a King Loc enquiry eads on y to v l to l to ague rep ies as its origin , for whi st some assert that be — unknown others inform you it is one of the crosses rai sed by

I to . l l Edward , the memory of his be oved and faithfu consort ,

l r l l Queen E eanor . Ve y itt e explanation is required to set this l t in uzz a ter Opinion at rest the negative . Leighton B ard is

u n i l out l n of n n l sit ated e t re y Of the i e the a cie t Wat ing Street,

LEIGHTON BU ! ! ARD . which runs east and west about five miles to the northward Of

u n di H ar del e n ar , the town . The Q ee ed at y, e Grantham in

l u to o Linco nshi re , and her body bro ght L ndon , to be deposited in

A n ln n m, am , Wes tminster bbey , rested at Li co , Gra tha St ford

N Duns table o Geddi ngton , orthampton , Stony Stratford , (ab ut

l b ’ l n l . A six mi es from Leighton) , St an s , Wa tham and Chari g

all l s (then a village near London) , at which p aces cros es were

f hi nl h now n , erected, O w ch o y t ree remai , those at Geddington

l ne ar to Northampton and Wal tham . It is on y cess y Observe

al upon the improbability Of the procession with the roy body ,

l n n making a detour Of five mi es from the mai road , i to a

u t a co nty , then , if we may judge Of h t fact by what it is now,

almost impassable as respects its cross roads . We may therefore

or ur t add that by whom , for whatever p pose his cross was erected

l l t is not correct y known . The probabi i y is , that it has stood

u in 1 650 for six or seven cent ries , as we find that the year it

was presented at the C ourt - leet Of the town as being in such a

ui n u l l r o s state as great y to endanger the ives Of passengers ,

and a rate Of four - pence was levi ed upon every inhabitant

to defray the expense of repairing it . The height of the cross

is twenty - seven feet from the top Of the stone work to the base

and l ment story, which is seven a ha f feet from the ground , f hl and is reached by five rows O stone steps . It is hig y orna

mented ll l ul u externa y , and the interna sc pt re is in a state Of

pre servation which reflects great credit upon the administr ation

of u - ll 1 a u . 801 the fo r penny rate above ded to In the year ,

L 2 1 1 4 L H T EI G ON B UZZARD .

ml Leighton contained (exclusive Of the Ha ets Of Heath ,

lli t i Cli o 3 6 1 9 63 inhabi Bi ng on , Egg nton and pst n) 7 houses and l . w ll i tants Un ike most ancient to ns , it is gradua y ncreasing in

l of popu ation , the present number being estimated at

o l which a large proporti n are quakers . Its prosperity in ate

l af c Of years , may doubt ess be traced to the immense tr fi the C l hi l Grand Junction ana , from w ch it derives considerab e ll — advantages , to its exce ent market and to its fairs , six in

i n number , each year . “ A l l f on the bout ha f a mi e rom the town , heath is an l l l l l enc osure , near y circu ar , containing severa fie ds surrounded h by a ditch , deep in many parts , w ich has very much the

At appearance Of having been a Roman encampment . the l Of on of l ul ower part the town , the bank the river , is a de ightf

l Of of l — wa k , about three quarters a mi e in extent the most l ul p easant promenade , so far as we co d discover , in the neighbourhood .

* TH E CHURCH .

l l Of n Shou d the visitor have a ready seen the church Ivi ghoe , he will be struck with the simil arity Of the construction Of the

l Of two , the b eached oak roof of one , is in fact an exact type

le l h e s ca . t other , except that the is much arger at Leighton

m s Eth r h u h a all Th e sexton i s Ja e e ton. It s o ld b e Ob served t t ons and l erks b ei n art and ar el of th e h r h are ene all sext c g p p c c u c , g r y to b e found d omi cil ed i n i ts i mmedi ate vi ci nity.

1 1 6 E T L IGH ON BUZZARD .

where on the left hand is one of the curiosities i n the shape of

u l l nl in a m ra tab e , o y to be met with primitive sections Of “ th e tr —i a — coun y its bye ways not in its high ways .

l oak l ll Two eaves Of fo d over a third fixed to the wa , and the five sides thus created are inscribed in gold letters with a list Of “ ndi u l one Edward Wi lkes o Lei hton the donations Of the i vid a , f g ,

Gentleman in 1 630 u l Al u , who the year b i t the ms ho ses in the north end of the town e and gave them for poor aged

l ll sixteene In i . peop e to dwe in , not exceed ng the number Of

’ 1 631 he gave the s ai d table and therein inserted the charity of 1 638 ul the former benefaction , and in he gave the cedar p pit

(still existing) and a purple velvet cushi on for the use of the

i 1 hi s ill . 646 min ster In the year at his death , by w and

s he two l of te tament gave for ever c oses near the bridge , the

al ll and e e l v ue Of six pounds six shi ings i ghtp nce year y, Of

which to be laid out in gowns and caps for the poor in his

Al s u ll and ms house , five po nds , six shi ings and eightpence ,

for on 24th ll — a sermon March , for ever , ten shi ings and the ill O other ten sh ings to bespent in a dinner . n the opposite side Of the same transept are other ancient tables recordi ng

to one ur u e donations the Church and poor , Of them s mo nt d by — an es cutcheon and an an cient helmet Of iron the whole being

i l u A n admirab e keeping with the antiq ity Of the Church .

ll end l ga ery at the west Of the nave speaks for itse f, it having

been erected at the sole expenc e Of the inhabitants Of the

d in 1 4 and l l town e an parish the year 63 . ooks as if it wou d E T B 1 1 7 L IGH ON UZZARD .

a st nd two centuries more without demanding great repairs .

We were about to leave the interior Of the Church (not without

u n all the enq iri g , however , if we had seen Objects worthy Of

we di notice , ) when were rected by the sextoness to the north

al u i n transept , tho gh , as she said , it conta ed nothing but rub

. A u stone co n du u on bish mongst the r bbish was a fi, g p the spot about two years ago where it had probably l ain many

of u centuries . It contained the remains a h man being , who it may be presumed from the care an d expense bestowed on his

n l ffi i terment was of no mean importance whi e alive . The co n

li u six l l which is very so d , meas res feet and a ha f in the c ear

o end end l fr m to end within , and at the upper a stone b ock is l ll p aced , in which a ho ow was cut to receive the head . The

on bones were committed again to the earth , beneath the spot

ffi n N O n or t v which the co now rests . i scription radition preser es

‘ An hl e an . the nam Of its ancient ten t thony Sc ater , a divine of some note in the seventeeth Century enjoyed the Vicarage

Of C t nd e this hurch fif yyears and lived to near a hu r d .

From the roof Of the nave a view is Obtained Of the surrounding

u Ou l al u co ntry , the river se , the Can , and the new feat re in the l — Of R l . u or andscape the embankment the ai road The C rfew , (

’ l ll w s eight O c ock be is rung during the inter month , except

’ ’ r l ll ll l saints days . The e is a so a be to ed at four O c ock

hr — l every morning t oughout the year the reminiscence probab y , “ R l Of the matins Of the omish church . The fami y Of the

’ one of the n u le' Leigh s possess the Manor , whom , Ho o rab T 1 1 8 LEIGH ON BUZZARD .

l . u t a l i n the in 1 7 90 and n ed it Mr Leigh , b i schoo town , e dow

un with twenty po ds a year .

Al ms u s n l E l The ho se before spoke Of, as bui t by dward Wi kes

in 1 630 are an t of u n l , in eresting specimen Of that kind s bsta tia

a . Th u l n i s u n ll ch rity e b i di g niform , fla ked by wa s at both

n l n n d on u l e ds , enc osi g garde s , an the front Of the ho ses , as a so

the a n all s are in Of g rde w , a variety Of scriptions , some Of them

u n l u ll n am si g y q aint . The fo owi g may be taken as specimens

l et m e hraml nur ehiI rummmi itatimi fihe hetfiaeeue pun, hut t s uhy to be q uiet eherp h ire huing his name business.

g rai nfium. 1 667

at o us I ira u ia th p i m iue, armnuatra aeh tua h m s q r

’ f rom the rage at ti er aah hanha at binteure gnuh i Lurh h I fi e i er as.

m s l From the ter s Of the grant Of the aid Edward Wi kes , we

expected to find at least sixteene poor aged peopl e i nhabi

an s of Al u but l nu e nl ei ht t t these ms ho ses , the actua mb r is o y g ,

who we l n n e , are informed , besides ivi g re t free , wer provided

i firin —five ll n in n and a r of w th g shi i gs a week mo ey , a p i shoes

an u per n m . We did nor hear of their being provided with

gownes an d caps out of the rents and revenues of the

two closes near the bridge granted by the worthy Wilkes for

u that express p rpose .

1 20 T LEIGH ON BUZZARD .

I o o l Sa guess, as J nathan w u d y,

Thou wast a big wig in thy d ay

One of no mean estate

N a I I see y, can fancy that

P oo t l ot to b e r f hat it was thy ,

W ool men c ll G e hat f ish a r at .

G e ! ah ! h ow l e the o d r at misapp i d w r , — — (Unmeaning arrogant absurd

’ TO aught in life s brief span ;

e e or e l o What gr atn ss, what r a p wer

Belo to th e l m flo e ngs frai hu an w r,

e o e el l ! W ak, t tt ring, h p ess man

’ W el e me f hat if a pr ate s v st nts air,

’ Th e crozier and the mitre s gl are

W e o e f me ! er thine, and pr mis d a

All l e cc e earning, g nius and su ss,

’ C l to o e v e ou d ambiti n s s r ic press ,

H ave not preserved thy name

Dee o or o le ds Of ren wn, n b birth

De e ee e o o e ni d th r st in c mm n arth,

’ Wh en twas thy turn to fall ;

o de o th e e A p n r us mass quarry gav ,

Th e d to llo in th e e y h a pi w grav , ' But what avail ed it all D 1 2 1 LEIGHTON BUZZAR .

0 not l e not ol , in si v r, in g d

I e me d ed o l nt r , but in kin r m u d,

Of Cyrus was th e prayer .

I e o l h f different w er thy c st y w im,

’ Wh e e o sh ar st him at he d sir d th u with ,

Despite of foolish care .

Th e o and l e o onc o p mp sp nd ur e thy b ast,

Th e o e e l o h mag Of a m nia h st,

’ Th e ro l o c wd s app auding r ar,

e e not o o o l ot Sav s th e fr m the c mm n ,

Th e l o e o rot w st hind unkn wn can ,

And thou hast done nO more.

Rude hands the remnant Of thy clay

H ave dragged untimely to the day

To make a vulgar show .

’ T o er ef u e of o e hat , d ra d d its st n ,

I now to d e o t again arkn ss thr wn,

’ Unc ffin l o d re sts be ow .

Well o e e ul ed if thy gh st, th s ins ts spi ,

H ll e - o e as sti a touch Of arth b rn prid ,

W l e l hi e thus sev re y chid,

K o th e P o e o n w that hara hs gr at and pr ud,

Are snat ch ed to please a gaping crowd

F o l r m rega pyramid . 1 22 E L IGHTON BUZZARD .

I o Of e so n n m ckery prid vai ,

M e e e e o th e r m rchandis acr ss main ,

To o e e rn fr m th ir nativ sand,

To ace z s or o e e gr ba aar studi s h r ,

Or ll b e o e o ee fa f r an aucti n r ,

In Bond S treet or th e Strand .

But why Should thought to Egypt roam ! h F orgotten are the proud at ome .

’ View Leighton S town cross grey

h ere z o th e rea t unknown T ga e up n g ,

o o c r i n s o e Saints , warri rs , m narchs , a ved t n , Ah ! tell me wh o w ere they P

Who raised that pile with curious c are

Say P for no chronicl es dec lare .

P e o l o rhaps , thy st ry st

’ Withholds from us th e founder s name

T n R b now be th e me hi e, ub ish , might sa

who With his built th e cross .

But h o no l o e to l e t u ng r hast arn ,

All d e , the same stiny in turn ,

Encounter one d ay must

’ W e e the of e l a nd e hat r pranks w a th stat ,

E to the oo Of f t e ach bending d m a ,

l el At ast yi ds dust to dust .

TH E ll n l l [ fo owi g chapter be ongs proper y to the Watford station , on the journey from London to Birmin gham . From Watford

di but l ul t it is stant three mi es . The irreg ari y Of its insertion ll d here , it is hoped wi be pardone ]

R S r hi old o ICKMAN WORTH is a town in He tfords re , by the r ad , l eighteen mi es from London . It had a market granted by Al Henry III . for the ben efit Of the monastery Of St . bans whi ch has now been discontinued .

ar l n R kemereswor th In the e iest records , the tow is named y ,

i chm e e D - ll d and al so R er sw ard . In oomsday Book it is ca e R M A S 1 25 ICK N WORTH .

i k h P r i chemareworde : by Clutterbuck R c merswor t . Its ancient designati ons signified that it was placed on r i ch- moor - meadow h Ri ckmans wor t . ground . It is now written

s S The manor formed part Of a deme ne of the axon kings , and ll t was bestowed , as we as many other manors in the vicini y , by

O A Al . FF on the abbot and monks Of St . bans Its antiquity is

t li . ll thus estab shed Through the va ey in which it is si uated ,

flow Colne Gade al Chess hi the rivers and , and so the , w ch , in its subsequent course gives name to Chesham in Buckin gham

S all al ateabl e hire rivers noted for trout and other p fish , and

l all much frequented by ang ers . Sm as is the town , it enjoys

o l t for u u Of s me ce ebri y man fact res , amongst which , that Paper — first - l - stands and afterwards Straw P ait , and Horse Hair seats for Wat r . e Cresses al chairs for the London Market , are so

ul i l o c t vated extensive y . Its distance fr m the Watford

a h m l st tion is about t ree i es and a half al ong a pl easant road ,

S l on C ashi obur Of kirted for a mi e the right by y Park , the seat

l Of hi the Ear Essex , at the end of w ch the Grand Junction

C l n o af i ana i tersects the r ad , and enters the oresa d domain

h hi - it for l O t rough w ch flows severa mil es . It is worthy f

all r om remark , that the road winds in directions , goingf as Often

towar ds ll u i i as the town , and wi f rn sh at some d stant day, a

ar ll Of - m ve ous instance road making , in comparison with the

n hi has led us modern i vention , w ch from home , to discover f the di ference between one and the other .

u not i market- hous e We m st om t to state that the , being no 6 S 1 2 RICKMAN WORTH .

l o u enti re s nger wanted as s ch , has been removed some pace

l l . from the main street , and has become the Parochia Schoo

It is not Often that we hear Of buildings in thi s country being

mone l l lo hut C . moved fro p ace to another , ike a g in anada

n ll Of The visitor to this tow , wi be gratified by a sight the celebrated

S TAI N ED GLA S S W I N DOW

of u l S of in the East end the Ch rch , probab y as fine a pecimen

aflord A l o that art as this country can . nxious to earn fr m

l ul l whence so precious a re ic came , we cons ted various iving ll and dead authorities . Their testimony is as fo ows

The l Of l c ergyman the church in which it is p aced , informed us that it was Obtained f r om F r ance .

The cl erk of the same church reported that it came f r om

d was made on ur ose or Ri ckmanswor th London an . , p p f

’ l D r u l From Lewis s Topographica ictiona y , p b ished in

1 831 l o Of Railr oads l (which professes to treat a s ) , we earn

’ ll l t P eter s at e that the said window origina y be onged to S . Rom

a 1 800 and was purchased in Paris in the ye r , for two hundred pounds . Cl utterbuck in his History of Hertfordshire , gives , how

Of l the ever, a history this window , which is be ieved to be

1 28 RICKMAN SWORTH .

ll contributed his pecuniary aid , during the rebe ion , to the cause

Of o l his unf rtunate sovereign , who by these private oans was

l l on enab ed for a ength Of time to carry the government ,

independently Of the Parliament .

F erl l oth . The e dest son Of the above Thomas , John y, Esq ,

appears to have been animated by the same principles Of loyalty l m . su one as his father , having advanced to Char es II the of

ll n l hundred pounds , for which the fo owing ack ow edgement was

I doe acknowledge t o have received th e summe Of One

doe to H f . I undred Pounds sterling o I F. which promis repay as

s oone as I am able . B 2 1 D ruges, ecember,

Charles R.

O S of Al l n the opposite ide the tar , there is a mura monument con

l l wi ul l l sisting Of two marb e Tab es , th arms sc ptured in bo d re ief,

’ ll u u l n supported by Bu s , and s rmo nted by an Ear s coro et

Of R l l to the memory the ight Honourab e Henry Carey , Ear Of

i 1 3th of u 1 661 O of Monmouth , who d ed J ne , . n the floor

a ruined di i s the oldest monument now the nave , in con tion ,

in i n the church. of and exi st g It is brass , represents an aged RICKMAN SWORTH . 1 29

l one l i man ho ding a book in hand , and a wa k ng stick in the

o two i , Th e un u ther, between his w ves inscription r s th s

there Iheth hurieh unher this atone me hh hh h f QEhh mas flBah g nh hifittnh {vib es gl ire aah smart tithe times here see pun may c efie three an huuht hah faith in QEhrist

’ QLheir sins far tn furgifie firth they ran teII tuhu ka eiu themwell

tithe year they hih reIiehe.

mire glean hereaaeh fithh mas N A BUCKI GH MSHIRE .

TH E R l di l l in ai road now taking a agona ine , its progress

d dl u of N towar s the mi and co nty orthampton , traverses , w without interruption , the county Of Buckingham in its idest

ul l part . We therefore deem it usef to preface the detai s

ll l o our which wi resu t fr m pedestrian Observations , by a brief

al Of un n ot l l gener history this co ty , which is ess remarkab e for l l o its agricu tura character , and the impr vements it has

l s for u undergone in ate year , than its having been a favo rite

Of our R section the country with oman conquerors , evinced by frequent di scoveries Of the remains of the works

l N on Of that great peop e . It has orthamptonshire its

o O on n rthern , and xfordshire its western side , and is forty

five l l n one mi es in e gth , eighteen in breadth , and hundred and

- ui . l thirty eight in circ t The principa rivers are the Thames ,

1 B M S E 32 UCKINGHA HIR .

dealers having got into a practice Of procuring an article of l inferior qua ity , from other parts of the hundred , which they

ll O o O n se as the produce f this neighb urhood . chre is Obtai ed

B ll l al at ri , six mi es from Thame , and used for painting , and so

al l Of l sm quantities amber , but there is no minera Of any B l importance . uckinghamshire is ce ebrated for corn and

l ar e l . u catt e , which its principa produce Great n mbers of oxen a re al A l u fed in the v e Of y esb ry , and , together with , vast

of l l quantities butter , are sent to the metropo is . The argest

of l l sheep Eng and , are said to have been former y bred l in the same district , but this is no onger a distinction Of

u l the county . Its chief man factures are ace and paper .

The l l old former has been ong estab ished , but Of it was

r more live b the lands than b rema ked Of the inhabitants , that y y the hands ll o , which is sti the case ; for Buckingham is not t be

uf u considered a man act ring county . Many Of the poorer classes of l l f fema es , are occupied in ace making , o that description

of ll l but known by the name pi ow or thread ace , this bran ch Of industry has almost entirely succumbed to the

u of l l l and s perior cheapness an artic e , near y as durab e , now

of N u brought to the highest state perfection , at ottingham , man fac tured b — n v steam machinery, however , this handicraft a d

l of l l ol of the p aiting straw , emp oy a most the wh e the women

l u l and gir s in the co nty . There are schoo s for teachi ng the i l l l art , whither ch dren are sent at a very ear y age , and at e even or l ears Old l l l A twe ve v , are ab e to gain a ive ihood . cotton S E 1 33 BUCKINGHAM HIR .

u manufactory is established at Amersham . B ckinghamshire is divided into eight hundreds , containing two hundred parishes , and fifteen market - town s as foll ows

B C OLN EB ROO K UCKINGHAM , ,

A E S B I E YL URY , IV NGH O ,

A E S RE A M ARLow M R HAM , G T ,

E S I E D N E - E B ACON F L , WPORT PAGN LL ,

E S O E C H HAM , LN Y ,

E - D R S B STON Y STRATFOR , I OROUGH ,

M B E VVEN DOVER WYCO , ,

Wi N S Low.

The markets in some are at present very in c onsider i l . ab e Many fine seats are with n its precincts , among

l o i which , Stowe , be nging to the marquis Of Buck ngham ,

Bul t l A ll s rode , Wi ton Park , and Wycombe bbey , especia y merit

A E ll . S notice NTI QUITI , occasiona y discovered , such as a Mosaic

of ar R pavement , coins , and fragments ms , prove that the omans R have been established here . oman roads may be traced l li in it , and there are a so some remains of their mi tary stations , l A l though they are not very perceptib e . considerab e mound

* all Grimesdi ke o Of earth , c ed (which seems a comm n

Or Grimesdi tch —as h se ram ar s are all ed b Dr. t e p t c y Stuk ely.

The mos remar abl e one i thi n our re oll e ti on r n s o er th n t k w c c , u v e cou try

n ea to Wood a es Inn i n Dorsetshi re b et een al i sb ur and E e r r y t , w S y x te ' ri d h ram r a on t h e B port road . T ese pa ts re supposed to h ave b een

’ th ro n u b efo e Caesa s i me and se e al Of th em nowse e t w p r r t , v r rv o divid e C ounties 1 34 BUCKINGHA M S HIRE .

“ ll v a Of a appe ation for an ancient rampart) , tra erses p rt it in

f ul . O direction from east to west The remains a circ ar camp ,

o l ll to hi ll with a d ub e va um and ditch , appear on the p Of the at

Of . A West Wycombe , and those another at High Wycombe

o Of ll e l Of l cr ss , standing on the side a hi n ar the ham et White eaf,

he l is supposed to intended to commemorate a batt e , fought by D Edward the Elder against the anes . In the churches at

C B H i cham ll Chetwode , hesham ois , and Hi esden , are some Of the earliest and most elegant specimens Of stained glass in the

Th f ukel l l kingdom . e church o St y is particu ar y deserving Of

ffo di c o l Of notice , as a r ng one of the most mp ete specimens

o ol o Saxon architecture now remaining . S me etym gists derive

an o the name of this county, though without y satisfact ry

foundati on from Bocken Bucken S hi , , or , ignifying beech trees , w ch

l d Buc cen or were a ways abun ant here ; others from , Bucks , C f D . O eer amden supposes that , in the time the Britons , it

o l ll Catti enchlan or Cassii the was inhabited by a pe p e ca ed y, ,

Of Cassi velanus h . W subjects itaker , however , restricts their

o nl ll o Of t ccupation to o y a sma porti n it , thinking hat the rest

l hi s tor h wever i s ff . I ts ear o was inhabited by a di erent tribe y y, , l i nvolved i n a bsolute conjec tur e and obscur i ty. Edward the E der

to B is known have erected a fortress at uckingham , about

n r l or r the year nine hu d ed and twe ve , nine hund ed and l in eighteen . It was the theatre Of the civi wars , the contest hi between King John and his barons , in the t rteenth century ;

l u l d and hosti e parties were again here , in the tro b es atten ing l the reign of Char es the First .

1 36 B I A M S I UCK NGH H RE .

Ro G l lu l s e B to man enera Au s P autius, surpri ed and rout d the ri ns,

e th e of C s To odumnus of und r command aractacu and g , the sons

C o in un b el . o l the bo e ll d to And it is pr bab e barrows a v a ude , may be l o h the a m st imperishable monuments of that event . T e town was

l e e l R m al l s as l of . u b d ce brat d in ear y Saxon time the buria p ace St ,

’ wh o b o Ki o who o to o was rn at ng s Sutt n, and , acc rding a P pish l e l l but i gend, ived on y three days ; during a short time after b rth

e l l C e d c ared himse f a hristian, and bequeath d his body after death to o for one to B kl for two to Sutt n year, rac ey years, and then

Buckingham for ever P ilgrims came in crowds to his shrine and

ell ll w , which sti exist .

l hi our We eave t s part of subj ect , however , for the present , to continue our j ourney from the station next beyond Leighton

uzz B ard . D E N B I G H H A L L .

SOM E of the London travellers who had indulged in magnificent

of l u u ideas the sp endo r expected to be fo nd at this station , l l l were a itt e disappointed on their arriva . They asked with

n not un l of eager a xiety , ming ed with a touch the pathetic , 9 to the H all . which was the way The answers they received , l ll t conveyed to them the start ing inte igence , tha they might as

ll hal u u l . we have rged the same question at Va x Mr . Edgington

' undertook to console all comers on the first day for the absenc e of o u l any spaci us b i ding, such as many had supposed was there

u to be fo nd , by erecting an immense tent at the temporary s a of C l ul t tion the ompany . It was ca c ated to accommodate

u of l u many h ndreds peop e , but was not req ired after the

n of opening , as the attractio the vicinity was not so great , as to

u of n nt cause that vast infl x company which had bee a icipated . 8 1 3 DENBIGH HALL .

The modest inn or public - house which had been established

of not on l there , though its powers entertaining are the argest

l l l ul l Of all r sca e , was a most equa to the needf supp y visito s , in the first week after this stage of the undertaking had been completed .

But w of D ll ! hence the name enbigh Ha it has been asked , ‘ i u and may be asked aga n . The q estion can be answered with

u l n o t an etymo ogical reference to some Saxon origi . It appears

v to al that many years ago , the accounts ary as date , from h f a century to a whole one a Lord Denbigh and part of his family

whi was passing that way , met with an accident , ch more

our - a common in those days than in time , his carri ge broke

now down . The spot from which few human habitations can

l u n ff be seen , was a perfect so it de then , with the exceptio O ered

one a u l by cott ge and its inmates , an aged co p e , a shepherd and

u shepherdess , who were then the occ pants , and to whom the

o l l o l l N or n b e rd and his ady app ied for aid in their distress .

l o was the app icati n made in vain .

The ke w l wic t, Opening ith a atch,

R o l eceived the n b e pair,

all l l u l o li ul ff and that kind y fee ing and h mb e h spita ty co d o er , l l l . ul i was readi y accorded The ord y guests , ex ting in hav ng

l of escaped from serious danger , enj oyed the nove ty their

t l ll u u l situa ion , and ibera y req ited the attentions of their h mb e B . t l o host and hostess y their boun y, the friend y r of which had

d on nl receive them this occasion , was repaired and e arged , and ,

s u u u a the story r ns , in the fervo r of their gratit de they decreed

D 1 40 ENBIGH HALL .

l tree whi e the damage was repaired , or another coach procured

’ her all for Majesty . The tree was in consequence c ed Queen s

Elm n l ul u , and has si ce given its tit e to a pop o s and respectable neighbourhood near London . D ll ll l That enbigh Ha wi become a p ace of importance is , l n . however , at prese t , by no means probab e In a few months

ll Old it is expected the station wi be removed , when the

ui l l Marq s of Granby may , ike Sir John Moore , be again eft alone in his glory . B L E T C H L E Y

Ir D ll di d to may happen to some visitor to enbigh Ha as it us ,

l r ll l to that eisu e for a stro across green fie ds , might give rise the

l for O l of inc ination it . n the eft the road coming from London , t ll of n tu ll here is a vi age the above ame , si ated chiefly in a va ey ,

u l i on abo t a mi e from the station . The church , stand ng high ground , is the first Object which meets the view, and an

of i ll ll inspection it , w we repay the antiquarian for his curiosity. A noble avenue Of yew trees leads to the principal or south

n ax entrance , and within the porch are the remai s of a S on arch , l ‘ . of l chaste y decorated The church is arge dimensions , and in

hi l n ot good repair . Topograp ca writers have bestowed much

u l but l . pains pon the p ace , we earn from Mr Britten , that this 1 42 BLETCHLEY .

one DD u manor , with the adjoining of WHA ON , was p rchased

of l on by the Lord Greys the Pigot fami y, and the attainder

l l o of of Wi iam , L rd Grey , who was imprisoned on a charge

l l R l was being an accomp ice Of Sir Wa ter a eigh , granted

u ll by James the First to his favo rite , Sir George Vi iers , who o r D was created Bar n Whaddon , and afte wards , uke of

B O of u uckingham . n the death the son and s ccessor of this

l i Selbv D ll nob eman , t was purchased by John and octor Wi is , who al most pulled down the old seat of the H i s

o B ll grands n , rowne Wi is , the antiquary, inhabited the remainder .

him ll l The From , it descended to John Wi is F eming, Esq . present incumbent of the parish (which contains about six

re- l r - l hundred acres) , has bui t the pa sonage house a most on a

l z l l . rega sca e , adopting the architecture of the time of E i abeth l l l He is , we earn , a so an antiquary, and has possessed himse f of

r many relics from his parishione s .

‘ The village i s sc attered over a circumference of about a mil e l hl of ground , having a centre , or focus , at Lower B etc ey , where

decidedl l but . v u four roads meet It is of a r ra character , has

l t late y received an addi ion to its commerce , in providing l or l R l su erintendants odgings iving for the ai road guards , p , and

" of ll workmen . How far this march inte ect may contribute

m o of its : but to the i pr vement inns , cannot be foreseen at

present , the accommodations for a visitor , do not rise beyond

I i s n ow enti el d est o ed t r y r y .

1 44 B E E L TCHL Y .

At end Of l ll l ar the east the chance , in the wa , is a very singu l l l brass tab et , upon which is engraved a variety of symbo ica

ur l and fig es , and inscriptions , in Eng ish Latin . It is in

ll o l l reco ection of Th mas Sparke , a ce ebrated theo ogist , who

O At 8th 1 61 6. died the ctober , the foot it is stated

filius et hoeri s i etati s H oc monumentum Tho . Sparke p

ergo moerens posuit .

A l on l al tab et appears the eft of the tar , to the memory of a

l . ady , who was wife to the above minister The inscription it ll bears is quaint but not without interest , and is as fo ows

fiuse mau ter uf g nhrefn iinrkfnrh uf ii fitnid unel , gb p, p ) , p

u ur uf ifii n i I mite of was. Qpaflte, fla d fla itg, ant iBarfiun ( f this

l n nmitt im a nnin e el er furti e a anti urt . e i e e s «Eb b éb ) h I g h p p r ,

untu int ten t iItfren uf m am fihe {vent tn eat n hefur bare h b , b b e e

anti fin s e Ieft ea e fie inhe er tn fuIIutn er fir her , e h b r b h h e tues

i i ant grm erant e.

e Ue arteh 7 1 61 5 . Qb p ye th angst ,

i tie ei t ears a f a ant use s e Iasteh g r gh y r gr r h ,

fine W e reprnad) her bertnes efier Master:

fier autumn ast e erts a luriuus’ s in e a p xp g yr g ,

sewnh fietter I ife mare fiuurisbinge. B 1 5 LETCHLEY . 4

C u l l effii es The h rch has contained a so severa brass g , in the style of those shewn in our engraving at page 32 ; but th eV

Ti and l all . are fled me rude hands have , together , sto en away

of l l thev the fame the individua s , whose virtues and tit es

o c mmemorated . F E N N Y S T R A T F O R D

S all - ua on t THI sm decayed market town , is sit ted the ancien

’ l o al u al D Wat ing Street , a sh rt h f ho r s w k from enbigh

l of l hl . Hall . It is a chape ry to the parish B etc ey The prefix

(Fennv) is derived from the nature of the surrounding country ; l 1 665 but the town itse f is upon an eminence . In the year , before l the art Of draining ands had reached its present perfection , it

l for u l paid a heavy pena ty its sit ation , having been depopu ated

l u u by the p ague to s ch a degree , that the inns were sh t up

u n i i and the road t r ed in another d rection , since wh ch period l the market has never flourished . The Grand Junction Cana has our and , however , in days absorbed its waste waters , l rendered the fens who esome both for man and beast ,

A small river call ed the Lofield flows at the foot of the town . The houses are disposed chiefly along the high road from London

1 48 FE S TRATF O RD NNY .

— — good inn the Swan whi ch was an i nn bearing the same name

ar i n the ye 1 474 . A tableau of its visitors from that day to the

ul l o . A present , wo d f rm a mot ey scene nother inn , once of note .

l o li - l Bull but now dwind ed int a pub c house , the B ack , was

l l or to a nd ancient y a gui d fraternity, dedicated St . Margaret

- C atherine . Some remains of the Brotherhood house exist ; — but now converted into lofts and stabling the oaken timbers

i ul are grooved and ribbed w th age . Here we may tr y say ,

p ; Si c transit gl oria mundi R W O B U N .

D n all n to u n but [ e bigh H is the nearest poi t Wob r , w t a i ll n sa o hen hat st t on is abandoned , it wi be eces ry f r the visitor to Woburn to alight at Leighton Buzzard ]

* THI S particularly neat and clean town is situated on the

e rn of un on u in west side the co ty, bordering B ck ghamshire ,

s of one and consist chiefly street , formed by the road from

Dun an stable to Ampthi ll . Its import ce is derived from the l e egant mansion and extensive park in its vicinity belonging

Du of r an to the ke Bedford , more than f om y remarkable

n u t or O events co nected with its antiq i y history . n the 1 9th of u 1 7 24 a of s fir J ne , , great p rt it was de troyed by e : but this

We ar l i nd d i d e part y ebte for th s escri pti on of Woburn and the ” bbe to th e a nd and A y Be uties of Engl a Wal es.

0 2 150 WoBuRN .

nf r u u n ual u o t nate circ mstance , though distressi g to individ s ,

l —for proved beneficia to the town ,

Par i al e il i s uni ersal ood t v v g , as many houses were soon afterwards rebuilt in a more

i di of convenient and handsome manner , w th the ad tion some

- The u good inns and a market house . ch rch was erected by R l f A o u n. l obert Hobbs , the ate bbot Wob r It then be onged t o ll the abbey , and is sti of exempt jurisdiction , being in the T exclusive possession Of the Duke of Bedford . his str uctur e o u i al u s me years ago , f rnished a wh msic instance of capricio s

l l o taste the body being comp ete y detached fr m the tower , l which stood at about six yards distance . The tower is a smal l l square bui ding , with arge buttresses at the corners , and four

: di al pinnacles . The top is embrasured the was about nine feet

u from the ground . The tower of the ch rch is now joined to

di al l n the body , and the e evated some twe ty feet above its former

of l l situation . The church consists three ais es , and a chance ; the latter was embellished in a handsome manner by the fourt h

u ldi Duke of Bedford . On the north side of this b i ng is a

l i s d o b ful if wh a i s h ere call ed capri c o s as e i s n ot sim l t ‘ u t t i u t t p y an i mi tati on of th e fashi on of I al h ere th ere e i s a t y, w x t m ny i nstances of th e to er or b elfr b ei n b ilt enti rel se ara e f om th e c h r h w ( y) g u y p t r u c .

The most remarkab l e ases are h ose of Fl oren e and Veni e h ere c t c c , w th e Cam ani li or b ell to ers form striki n b e s standi n al one p w , g O j ct , g i ini t of th e hur h Th e former i s n th e vi c y c c . of great h ei ght and bui lt enti rely of marbl e That of Veni c e i s well known as th e spot wh ence Gal il eo i n th e rsui of hi s as ronomi al s di es di s e d h , pu t t c tu , cov re t e satel lites of Jupiter i n th e year 1 61 0.

15 2 W OBURN . early times was probably the original cause of the settlement Of f l o u . u the p ace , and its s bsequent importance In this neighbo r hood there is no Opportunity for pointing the attention of our

to l vi nor readers e evations , where extensive ews can be enjoyed ,

But ll is there a river to beautify the landscape . the va eys have their wonders as well as the hi ll s and those who know little or nothi ng of the l oc ality of Woburn will probably be surprised

l r l of A u al to ea n , that it was ce ebrated in the days drian for a nat r

now u of o u n al . pr d ctio , which has become a so rce permanent we th ' We all ude to the H TS whence F ULLER s EARTH is dug in

for l f l k sufficient quantities the supp y o the who e ingdom . These

u two l of ar of Pits are sit ated mi es north Woburn , in the p ish

Wavendon (or Wandon as it is called) and about one- eighth of l on of N a mi e the western side the orthampton road , which here forms the boundary between the two counties for upwar ds

l u of of a mi e . The more ancient pit is in the co nty Bedford ,

of A l in the parish ps ey, which adjoins that Of Wavendon .

British cl oth is chi efly indebted to the cleansing quali ties of

l for u this ce ebrated earth , its great s periority over that manu

no factured by other nations . In other country is it found so

u no free from foreign admixt re , and where , perhaps , is more

to ul . ad teration practised , meet competition in price However , on u of ll al acco nt its importance in the woo en trade , sever severe l a ff f ws have been made at di erent periods , since the reign o

C l r No har es the Second , to prevent its expo tation . r are these a l l ur — u cts Of the British egis at e witho t precedent , history B 1 5 3 WO URN .

i n - a llin R n forming us , that the f g business was an Object of oma

o l l to attenti n , and that aws were express y made by that nation ,

ulate g the employment .

l of i - l u This earth is a MARL , common y a grey sh ash co o red

l a un ff brown yet it great y v ries , and is fo d of di erent shades ,

l or al o l al from the very pa e to the dusky , m st b ack but ways with a tinge of the yellowish green . The pit at Wavendon consists of two shafts ; one with a ladder for the convenience

l u . n of the abo rers , the other to raise the earth The desce t is very di sagreeable and the inside of the pit very damp . The

- on of l wood work the top and sides the excavated ang es , is

i nu ll l Boletas Lachr mans cont a y wet , and a most covered with y

D - ll ( r y rot Boletus) . The strata are disposed in the fo owing order !

of or From the surface to the depth six seven feet , are several l Of all di l u ff in ayers sand , of a red sh co o r , but of di erent t ts .

B tu of - u eneath is a thin stra m sand stone , and nder this the ll ’ . u r i fu er s earth The pper st atum is about a foot th ck , but

ll or i t w being genera y impure , m xed with sand , it is hro n aside , and the rest is taken up for use . The earth is disposed in layers (commonl y about eighteen inches between one horizontal

u of fiss re and another) , continued to the depth eight or ten feet .

B t l l i -Of l e ween the centra ayers is a th n stratum matter , of ess l l than an inch thick , which in taste , co our and externa appearance ,

r l B bea s a striking resemb ance to Terra Japonica . eneath the w l u - i ho e is a bed of ro gh white free stone , about two feet th ck 1 54 WOBURN .

l du i t of this is se dom g through ; when is , more strata sand are

. of n m discovered The depth the pit varies , it bei g fro twenty to l u thirty feet be ow the s rface .

The few authors who have written on the topography of

u u u al to this co nty, are nanimo s in ascribing a petrifying qu ity a ll sma spring , said to be in the parish before mentioned, and not l but u di ls on y the water , the s rroun ng earth a o , is reported to f o t . n partake the same proper y Camden i forms us , that those who l to l be onged the monastery , showed a wooden adder ,

l in i t all which, after y g some t me in the ear h , was dug up

i l u di f l stone . The r sib e abs r ty o this sentence can on y be

b ll l D l u exceeded y the fo y Of Michae rayton , poet a reate to

a i who n ll lin on s J mes the F rst , i serted the fo owing es thi subject in hi s Poly Olbi on .

The o w on h er b e l e br ok hich ank doth boast that arth a on ,

h l o w o to e W ich noted Of this is e, c nverteth o d ston ,

’ T l l As l e s l l hat itt e p y earth we ancient y insti e, ’ l M hi wonder of our . ongst sundry other t ngs, a is e

i wonder of l i n Th s the poet , ike many more extraord ary

n n of circumsta ces , had its ine days admiration paid by the

now ll al i multitude . The story has fa en into gener discred t and l n u u l ut r we ear , from the most nq estionab e a ho ity , that there i s no such spring in the parish ! yet we have hear d of

b of to some its the petrified wood , said have been obtained h re e s e and l e , which appear d hand ome wh n polished ; a so , that

1 5 6 WO B URN . to a Ru ll l John , fterwards Lord sse , a gent eman who was ,

r honoured with several employments by Hen y the Eighth . In l his fami y the possession has ever since remained .

The new building has had many considerable alterations and l l improvements , particu ar y since it has been in the possession of l l l of the two ast nob e owners . The west front is bui t the l o . n Ionic rder , with a rusticated basement The pri cipa floor , or u o of al s ite of r oms , on this side , consists a s oon , state bed

- : room , drawing and dining rooms the south contains the

’ l ar u th e ibr y , breakfast , etruscan , and d ke s room ; the east ,

l no - vestibu e ; and the rth , the French bed rooms , and various o ll ther chambers . The co ection of pictures in the apartments

c hi eflv l n of is extensive , and remarkab e for the predomi ance

of l portraits historica characters . We refer the reader to the

l u of cata og e of them , and the other works art contained in the

ll on . ar mansion , which wi be found the spot The ap tments

li o l are open to pub c inspection on Mondays n y .

1 7 44 r When part of the abbey was taken down in , a co pse

of i u was discovered , the flesh wh ch was so so nd as to bear cutting with a knife , though it must have been interred at l 200 y . d on ll one east ears Soon afterwar s , pu ing down Of the

all of - f w s the abbey church , a stone co fin was found , which consisted of several loose stones set in the ground ; and in

ll al c ofli ns sinking a ce ar , sever more stone were discovered ,

of l l some them very arge , being six feet eight inches ong in the

all l of inside ; they had a p ace shaped for a head , and most

Th e A NTI or Bs ur o a n A S E from an out i ne en ravi n e on i n to L , V , l g g b l g g

Es . E R . O H N H N Y G B , q

5 8 1 WOBURN .

’ u a o u of A ll some cent ries g , among the r ins drian s vi a , together with the fragments of three other vases of nearly similar

all of in dimensions , which appeared , by the situation which

of they were found , to have occupied the same spot that once

u f extensive and magnificent empori m o art . It was then

t o ll R for removed the vi a Lanti , near ome , where many years

o of it attracted the n tice , and excited the admiration both the

This and one at Wa i c t e ll . rw k Cas l trave er and the artist , , whi ch i s somewhat more decorated are the onl c om lete vas es o , y p f

ame dimensi ons and anti ui t extant l the s q y ; and are , unquestionab y, the most magnificent and noble scul ptured specimens Of antique decoration of this kind ever di scovered .

o R lf ur The Lanti vase was brought fr m ome , ha a cent y a o l R u l g , at a considerab e risk and expense , by the ight Hono rab e

C on l l u Lord awdor , whose c assica taste and judgment it m st

l of ever confer the highest credit . The remova this grand l work Of art from that city , caused great jea ousy among the su erinten dants of u p the Vatican Museum , then forming nder f f l V h o . w o the auspices the reigning pontif , the ate Pius I , it

ll hi s on is we known , in resentment this occasion , threatened

l n n al severa persons co cer ed in the remov Of the vase , with the

of : of l The dimensions it are diameter the mo e , six feet

l n three inches ; height , with its present p inth , six feet ine

inches .

A of nother account this vase states , that it is supposed to 1 5 9 WOBURN .

n for lu and n have bee reserved strations , other ceremo ies in

l of u which water was emp oyed as a representative p rity, and was used before persons could be admitted to the Dionysian

an d l mysteries , therefore may probab y have stood in ancient

i at n of l of . t mes the entra ce a Temp e Bacchus By some , it is

u l u for u s pposed , arge as it is , that it was sed festive p rposes at

l f r n the sp endid banquets o Ad ian . It is me tioned by some

* n n r u a of n a cie t w iters , that six h ndred amphor e wi e were mixed i n one vase on such occasions . l The sculptured masks which encirc e it are eight rn number .

l t u Of u of our They disp ay grea force and bea ty exec tion , which

but . a ul of engraving gives an imperfect idea Each m sk wo d ,

l of n itse f, make a picture great i terest .

One of the ancestors Of the Russell family was Constabl e of C l 1 22 1 orfe Cast e in the year . They may date the era of their

to l greatness a vio ent storm , which happened about the year

00 on D 1 5 . l A u , the coast of orset Phi ip , rchd ke of Austria ,

of m l on to son the Emperor Maxi i ian , being a voyage Spain ,

l ur u n was ob iged by the f y of a s dde tempest , to take refuge in

. on the harbour of Weymouth He was received shore , and T wh accommodated , by Sir Thomas renchard , o invited his

l . R ll u A l re ation , Mr John usse , to wait pon the rchduke . Phi ip was so much pleased with the polite manners and cultivated

l Ru ll . n ta ents Of Mr sse , who was co versant with both the French

Th e Roman am h ora was se en allons whi h i es as th e p v g , c g v c ont ents of one of h ese yese 4200 allons or e a tl 0 h o sl eads ! t s , g , x c y 7 g r 1 60 WOBURN .

” l u on rec omo and German ang ages , that , arriving at Court , he

of who mended him to the notice Henry the Seventh , l l immediate y sent for him to his pa ace , where he remained ' in great favour until the king s death . In the estimation

of ll Henry the Eighth he rose sti higher , since by that

rd of Monarch he was made Lord Wa en the Stannaries , Lord A l l l dmira of Eng and and Ire and , Knight of the Garter , and

o l 1 5 38 R ll of L rd Privy Sea ; and , in , was created Baron usse ,

Cheneys , in the county of Bucks ; which estate he afterwards f . At o acquired by marriage the coronation Edward the Sixth ,

Ofli ci ated s he as Lord High Steward and two years afterward , 1 5 1 549 l . 54 in the year , was made Ear of Bedford He died in ,

- n and was buried at Cheneys , where many Of his desce dants

l o have a s been interred . He was succeeded by his son

. O 1 5 85 l Francis n his death in the year , the estates and tit es

l o l devo ved to his grandson Edward , wh se father had been s ain

two w by the Scotch but days before . Ed ard died in the year

1 627 o , and was succeeded by his cousin Francis , wh se great

l of l l of u p an draining the eve the fens , added vast s ms to his

l i n 1 641 annua income . He died , and was succeeded by his

l ll ar l i e dest son , Wi iam , whose imp tia ity induced him to co ncide occasionall y with the measures of both parties during the

ul C l l dreadf contest between har es the first and his par iament .

l of He was at one period , Genera of the Horse , in the army the l latter . Though he had no ess than seven sons , he appears to

u l all in 1 7 00 hi s u have o t ived them ; for , on his death , , hono rs

S T O N E Y S T R A T F O R D

ll FROM the present temporary station at Denbigh Ha , the ab ove town stands on the great high r oad call ed the Watling l l i e . W Stre t , five mi es and a ha f distant hen the next Open ng of R l l u o ol the ai road takes p ace , its sit ation fr m the W verton

w ll u l or lf Station , i be abo t three mi es , ha way from London to

B n . o irmingham Stoney Stratf rd can boast of antiquity , havi g

ll R La ctodorum been ca ed in oman times , which signified a

o f - O o . river f rded by means stepping stones The river is the use , and runs at the north end of the town towards Buckingham .

At R i D l one of the inns , ichard the Th rd when uke of G oucester ,

o Du of B z acc mpanied by the ke uckingham , sei ed the Prince

w son R Ed ard , of Edward the Fourth , and arrested Lord ichard

and o At one m l Grey Sir Th mas Vaughan . Passenham , i e

of l l distant , the army Edward the E der was stationed , whi st he

o its f rtified Towcester . These are the chief events by which

has l history been marked in the o den time . STONEY STRATFORD . 1 63

1 742 l c onfla r ati on In the month of May , , a dreadfu g hi T destroyed nearly two t rds of the east side of the town . his

o il c om was the era of wo den bu dings , and such events were

al mon . The body of the Church of St . Mary Magd en was

al l of burnt , but the Tower being spared , now stands one , a re ic

l u e the event , keeping watch ike a mighty giant over the n m r ous - ar ll graves with which the church y d is fi ed .

l on of Stoney Stratford extends a mi e each side the road ,

l l i of l di r and so regu ar y is th s order bui ng prese ved , that even

of . l l the Church St Gi es , on the west side , takes its p ace in

the rank , abutting upon the street . There are no ancient l few . n monuments , and but modern ones The on y inscriptio l li deserving of notice is in honour of a reverend p ura st ,

A - fi w . . t ve Leonard Sedg ick , M , who was for y years

n of R of o mi ister the church , ector Th rnton and Preben

ar l — l l d y of Linco n who , whi st his hea th and strength

ul l il wo d permit , was faithfu and d igent in the discharge of

all the branches of his pastoral office and died in 1 7 47 .

’ l ll u The curfew , or eight O c ock be , is r ng here in the winter

’ ls ll l all months , and a o a be at five o c ock in the morning the

’ l l ll ur l year . Unti recent y, this be was sounded at fo o c ock , but

u old e u the ch rchwardens , as the sexton stated , decid d that fo r

too l i of was ear y to disturb the inhabitants . Th s ringing is

course a relic Of the matins of the Catholic Church . D 1 64 STON EY STRATFOR .

The trade of the place does not appear to be of a lucrative

not l l oil or as ff ill umi character , since even a itt e , g , is a orded to

n nate the streets at night , which , when the moon deigns ot t o l ul shine , are enve oped in tr y Cimmerian darkness , with the

nl of l l exception o y a g immering amp at the doors of the inns .

The bustle occasioned by the arrival and departure of

- n uf l l coaches about mid day and mid ight is s ficient y remarkab e , since the place with its multitude of inns may be compared to ” l u t l a great ha f way ho se , between the me ropo is and a num

l an ber of town s in the north of Eng d . By the establishment of D ll the station at enbigh Ha , it has received a temporary

of u t e accession transit b siness , which , however, together with h

, l u i Railr t o d trade , m st d sappear when the oad takes its nex stride l towards Birmingham . Af ter the times when the g ut of coaches

l l s tones has passed , and in the evening particu ar y, the very of ul ui vive an u al Stoney Stratford wo d be upon the q , if y nusu

The so und were t o disturb their rest . immediate neighbour hood appears to be destitute of any particul ar attractions for a visitor .

One of the C rosses erected by King Edward the First to the

of l l l memory his be oved consort , E eanor , former y stood in the

r n u l cent e of this tow but d ring the civi wars , the puritans , in the barbarous warfare which they insanely carried on against

of l l u works taste , demo ished this pi e , imagining that a mon

u al ff c Of ment sacred to conj g a ection , was a dese ration the land which their ferocity was permitted to ravage and degrade .

1 66 TH E RO MAN VILLA .

l l n u by detai s Of the present condition , and p ans of the umero s a ll i ll l u partments origina y compris ng the Vi a, a tho gh a

l ir l superficia description here , may , in the interim , not be ent e y u of l a for al u nworthy perusa . There is no stand rd the v e to be

to or for l l attached , the interest to be fe t , in contemp ating

of i u not works ant q ity . It is enough to say that splendi d

a of l remains are to be seen in other p rts the Is and , or , that because an individual has walked over the resuscitated streets of P om err R ui of l p , therefore a oman r n a ess magnificent

a l char cter is to be disregarded . The p easure derived from

s of such scenes . is that which carrie the mind back to the time

l now — n a great peop e , extinct the examining the works of ha ds

l of which have ong since passed into dust , and the pacing

r u n l wh o l t apa tments tenanted by nknow fami ies , have ef no

of l l vestige their rank , but the p aces where they ate , drank , s ept ,

u our and bathed . It is s ch considerations as these which , in o an of u pinion , render y object antiq ity , however mean in

of . character , worthy examination It is a habit with the honest but unlearned portion of the

u l all p b ic , to associate with that is ancient , the abbeys and

of all of i . monasteries the country, wh ch Henry the VIII

of enjoys the reputation of having ruined . The name

Cromwell is equall y famous for the destruction of castles

n u u of and decapitati g statues . Th s in the neighbo rhood this “ ' R ll ou ll l an oman vi a, y wi be to d , tha it might have been

or a for baths al l h . abbey monastery ; there were , and t at

1 68 TH E M A RO N VILLA .

tirvelve l or serpentine form , having ines grooves , and the entire

ol ’ or a w figure was produced by turning the t o , st mping t ice .

o all It is worthy of remark , that the gr oved sides are placed

against ea ch other ; evidentlv a c ontrivance to keep them in

l l d or o o their p aces , and apparent y to superse e ec n mize the use l l of mortar or cement . The genera p an of the baths at

P omperr are thus described by Sir Willi am Gell

The u and l of f rnace was round , had , in the ower part it , two pipes whi ch transmitted hot air under the pavements and

. ll of u hi l ll w between the wa s the vapo r baths , w ch were bui t ho o Cl for o . of that purp se ose to the furnace , at a distance four a l l inches , a round v cant p ace remains , in which was p aced the

Caldar i am li copper ( ) for boi ng water, near which , with the

l u for same interva between them , was sit ated the copper warm

te idari um n Of o water ( p ) and at the dista ce two feet fr m this ,

l ol r i idar ium was the receptac e for c d water (f g ) , which was A square . constant communication was maintained between

l n off these vesse s , so that as fast as hot water was draw from the caldari um l te idari um , the void was supp ied from the p , which

l l l l the being a ready considerab y heated , did but s ight y reduce

Of l te idar ium u temperature the hotter boi er . The p in its t rn ,

l so h was supp ied from a tank , and that from an aqueduct , t at

‘ e taken u oil on the h at which was not p by the first b er , passed t o of f the second , and instead being wasted , did its o fice in preparing the contents of the second for the higher temperature

I t i s but latel this rinc i le which it was to obtain in the first . y p p 1 69 TH E ROMAN VILLA .

i ntroduced i nto modern urnaces use has been f , but its in reducing the consumption Of fuel is well known .

of all o tessara or The floors the rooms are c vered with ,

out two l — l mosaic pavement , formed of materia s red c ay , and ll l a greyish stone . The former is genera y p aced round the

of l l apartment in a border about two feet wide , whi st the atter

Th ff of r e . occupies the centre . e ect produced is that a ca pet l di These mosaics are in genera square , and vary in ameter from an inch to two inches the latter size indicating apartments of

l O m of inferior grade , probab y those of the domestics . ne roo

. tessarce a superior order , measures eighteen feet square The l i were embedded in mortar , but of a oose k nd ; and , indeed , the workmanship throughout the entire building is of a rough

u of character . The pper surfaces the floors are worn smooth — a sure indication that they were trodden for many years by

o n their anonym us i habitants .

At this point we feel that we have already gone beyond the l l to imit we prescribed to ourse ves at starting, which was , attempt sketches of places within about five miles on either side of the Railway but being unabl e to resist the attractions ll if l l of antiquity , we found it equa y d ficu t to deny ourse ves the pleasure of a visit to the magnificent domain of the Duke of

B o o uckingham , Stowe Park , to which we pr p se now to

Of direct the attention our readers . It may be reached either

’ of ll or by way the vi age of Maid s Moreton , Buckingham .

of Heretofore , those who read of the beauties Stowe , and of the

a n l o rare and m g ificent objects which it contains , cou d n t 1 7 0 TH E I ROMAN V LLA . contrive to view them without the sacrifice of several days ; the

of hi ul u travelli n chief part w ch time wo d be cons med in g. In u u of R l lu i f t re , by means the ai way, the object (inc d ng an inspection of the Roman Villa) may be easily compassed within

u or twelve or thi rteen ho rs . Leaving London Birmingham l ll ll in the morning by the ear y train , the trave er wi be at

l l u Wo verton, when the ine is open so far , by a q arter past nine

ill of but l thence the distance to the v age Stowe is ten mi es ,

l Al l u which may easily be reached by e even . owing fo r hours to

un l ll ll be spent in the gro ds and pa ace , there wi sti be time

’ enough to dine and return to Wolverton for the five O clock or

l on a ater train and week days , those who choose to defer their

u un il l u u to ret rn t the ast depart re , may add three ho rs the time l ’ l al l n . owed above , and yet be home short y after ten O c ock at ight “ Many who in this land of shopkeepers could not formerly venture on the expedition without making a considerable

of l u l now l sacrifice va ab e time , may indu ge their taste at a

l u comparative y trifling expense and without fatig e .

1 B 7 2 UCKINGHAM .

superstitious credul ity induced to make Offerings at his shrine .

cti on hi stor Leaving , however , fi for y, we find that ,

AD 8 l 9 1 . . Edward the E der resided here for a short time ,

and caused two forts t o be built and garris oned on l D . each side of the river , to repe the anes

— w D l The as . 9 41 . town ravaged by anish so diers

1 —The D l e 1 0 0. anes having p undered the adjac nt country ,

retreated to B uckingham to secure the spoils of the war

—It l 1 066. was the on y borough in the county was an

l l y one l . inconsiderab e p ace , and on taxed for hide

In the reign of Edward III . its importance was increased by

that prince making it a mart for wool ; but the trade

t o C al l d . being removed ais , it again dec ine

27th of . In the year Henry VIII , it was enumerated amongst

deca ed Ci ti es To for l the y and wns , whose re ief an act

of l z Par iament was then passed , and the assi es , pre

vi ousl l A l u y he d here , were removed to y esb ry . — l 7 24. a l out 38 7 In dreadfu fire happened , when , of houses ,

1 38 were entirely consumed the damage being estimated at Since this accident its trade

“ l l of has in a sma degree revived , and part the county

u inscri b siness brought back , as is testified by an p 1 3 BUCKINGHAM . 7

i l u o t on over the door Of the gao , attrib ting its erecti n ld 1 7 5 8 . u s in , to Lord Cobham This b i ing is a q uare ,

l u l u l u on l batt emented , g y b r esq e a cast e , and stands

isolated i n the centre of the town ; but it is in l contemp ation to remove it , and the sooner that f lu . reso tion is carried into ef ect , the better

TH E CHURCH

uil t 1 of of was b in 7 7 7 , at an expense which

u l l ai l was contrib ted by Ear Temp e , and r sed by ife

’ n u annuities , the i terest being charged pon the poor s rates ,

’ which (together with the hard times in 1 801 ) raised the poor s

to 2 2 s . in on l rates the pound . The interior is the p an of the

o l l lli l . m P rt and Chape , in London The a tar is e be shed with a

’ of Ra u No i nterments ar e copy phael s Transfig ration .

ermitted in or near the Chur ch nor uneral ceremoni es allowed p , , f to be er or d p f me .

use T The river O winds round three sides of the town . here still remains a house anciently known by the name of the

l - Woo Hall .

T - l un u 1 540 l here is a free schoo , fo ded abo t , by Isabe D . w ull l s to lu enton The to n is a d p ace , and we ha ten conc de our account of it

” So much for Bucki ngham I S T O W E .

TH E earliest account of the M anor of Stowe is contained in

Do mesday book , which states , that in the reig n of Edward

it. l l 60s . the Confessor , its va ue was and that was he d of the

* B of o N R D l y ishop Bayeaux , in L wer ormandy, by obert ay e

Ro 1 8 8 B and ger Ivory . In 0 the ishop was dispossessed of

l Robert and Ro er and di his ands , when g obtained them , vided

S towe Rober t u the Manor , being retained by , who fo nded a

l O o w church in his cast e at xf rd , and endowed it ith this

al . domain . Henry VIII . erected the abbey into a cathedr

Queen Elizabeth granted it to three gentlemen who conveyed

to o T l 1 59 2 of a m l i it J hn emp e , Esq , in , who was fa i y wh ch

al l of . traced their matern descent from Leofric , Ear Mercia In

1 14 l u 1 7 49 7 the estate devo ved to Visco nt Cobham , who died ,

R ill . and was succeeded by Hester , wife of ichard Grenv e , Esq of VVootton who , was created Countess Cobham a month

’ l of Grenvill es after her brother s decease . Thus the fami y the

Bayeaux i s four mil es from th e Engli sh Ch ann el and fifteen mil es from C aen In th e cath edral of thi s town (whi ch h as th ree towers) th ere i s a i e e of a estr re resenti n th e hi s or of th e on uest of En l and p c t p y, p g t y c q g b Willi am th e Fi rs on a as li nen web four hundred and for - two y t, v t , ty f eet l ong and two b road and supposed to h ave b een executed by ’ M atild a th e C on e o s ife or th e Em ress Ma ilda d au h er of , qu r r w , p t , g t nr H e y I .

1 S 7 6 TOWE .

of u l nt the abs rdities eft by Bridgeman were removed by Ke , who was consulted i n the double capacity of archi tect and “ To of gardener . this father modern gardening is Stowe h of di n u n . a indebted for many its sti g ished or aments M omet ,

’ al l i ma ined l but created says Mr . W po e , g an E ysium ; Kent

al u u l many . Sever other amate rs and artists have s ccessive y

al of l directed terations here , and most them have eft some f i l l specimen o their respective partialities . Wh e the forma

l l ed mode of gardening prevai ed , Stowe the fashion , and many

o u u of aped its inc ngr ities yet, to the hono r the taste and

u m l of m l judgment of this co ntry , the for a ities syste are near y

l tu i ul i n u l abo ished and na re , ever beaut f and ever vary g , is j st y

considered as the proper archetype to be imitated in modern

l u of l a p eas re grounds . Some the most e egant nd correct writers have classed the varieties of scenery under three peculi ar

l u u and distinct characters the beautifu , the pict resq e , and the F w sublime . e domains in the kingdom can boast the possession of all l these characters yet the two first , and a very considerab e

of l u is u i ul portion the atter , may be fo nd at Stowe , where th bea t f

a a in l l flow is pp rent its parterres , e egant bui dings , and er

a u u g rdens ; the pict resque , though not a prominent feat re , can l easi y be seen in the embowered groves , grottos , and heads of l on u l the ake ; and the grand , bordering s b imity , certainl y

b l l the e ongs to its nob e mansion , and extensive views which it mm co ands , where

Th e soft di s an e mel ti n from th e e e t c , g y , ” Drssolves its fo m i n o the azure sk r t y. S E 1 7 7 TOW .

The first architectural object which attracts attention is a

T I CORIN H AN ARCH ,

on or Gateway , sixty feet high by sixty wide , erected the

o ll one l r of br w of a hi , mi e from the south f ont the house ,

n of T C l o . after a desig homas Pitt , Lord ame f rd The

l uil principa approach is conducted through this b ding,

l of o l l where a grand disp ay the mansion , gr ves , temp es , obe isks and water , are at once presented to the admiring spectator .

At a short distance from the arch is one of the entrances t o th e l gardens . These extensive and high y decorated grounds

u u d di i contain about fo r h n red acres , vers fied with a great

of di number stinct scenes , each distinguished with taste and

l of own fancy , and each having a comp ete character its ,

o ol l w independent f other objects . The wh e is enc osed ithin a

u l m sunken fence , which extends nearly fo r mi es in circu ference ,

o l al and is accompanied by a br ad grave w k , skirted with rows of l l i l of l to ofty e ms . Th s path eads to many the bui dings , and

l n o al o severa interesti g scenes , admitting occasi n peeps int the N of th di stant ou . surrounding park , and views e c ntry ear this

entrance are two

S I ONIC P AVILION ,

ll K l origina y designed by ent , but since a tered by Signor Borra ,

K of architect to the late ing of Sardinia . In the front these

l out l l bui dings the water spreads to a considerab e ake , which

l u ul divides itse f into two branches , and retires thro gh beautif l 7 8 ST OWE .

ll to to u va eys the east and the north . The pper end is concealed

of ll o al u amidst a mass woods , here it fa s ver some artifici r ins , and again extends its broad bosom to reflect the variegated

w l to u e l of uil scenery . The path west ard eads a r d pi e b dings ,

ll E T E al to ca ed the H RMI AG , and so the

E OF E S TEMPL V NU ,

u n u which was designed and exec ted by Ke t . This is a sq are

ui l i l n b d ng , decorated with Ionic co umns , co nected by semi circul ar arcades to a pavilion at each extremity . The

’ QUEEN S S TATU E

u on of ll l l l is sit ated the side a hi , and comp ete y enve oped with

l u ou trees . The figure Of Queen Caro ine is s pported by f r Ionic

l l to co umns . Hence the path eads the

BOYCOTT PAVILI ON ,

Vanbur h al n designed by g and the princip entra ce gate ,

R u n . u desig ed by Kent et rning towards the ho se , we discover

E OF S TEMPL BACCHU .

l Vanbur h bui t from a design Of g , whence the View is l l u u ul . of l l n l partic ar y bea tif In the centre a arge aw , encirc ed with trees , is TH E A ROTUND ,

ten lu raised upon Ionic co mns , and ornamented in the centre

i u f u o . l t w th a stat e Bacch s Beyond this , the ake spreads i s

1 80 S E TOW .

. r l edge The th ee atter buildings are decorated with statues land

busts of those persons who have been most distinguished for l l l mi itary , mora , and iterary merit . By placing here the meed

of lo , va ur and paying a just tribute to departed genius , the

character intended to be giv en to the spot i s p oetically expressed

and the ideas excited , teach us to respect merit , and emulate l the actions which ead to fame .

Th e Temple of Ancient Virtue is a circular building Of the

’ o l h Ionic rder , embowered within the thicket s g oomy s ade , l Th and admirab y adapted for pensive meditation . e dome i s l supported by sixteen co umns . The inside is decorated with k four statues by Sch eema er . l l l The Temp e of British Worthies is a semi circu ar bui ding ,

on of l b erected the banks the upper ake , after a design yKent .

of ll l It contains the busts the fo owing ce ebrated characters , — a ro rrate A E DE E S I R H S with pp p inscriptions L XAN R POP , T O .

E S I S E S I I GR HAM , IGNAT U JON , JOHN M LTON , WILL AM

ES E E E SI R S N E I S HAK P AR , JOHN LOCK , I AAC WTON , S R

I S B , LORD E M I A ED D A D FRANC ACON V RULA , K NG LFR , E W R ,

I E OF A E S EE B E K I I I M PR NC W L , QU N ELIZA TH , NG W LL A

S I R E R E I H SI R A I S D E . O III , WALT R AL G , FR NC RAK , J HN

DE S I R D . HAMP N , JOHN BARNAR

TH E GROTTO

ll of o is situated in a romantic de , and composed broken st nes ,

l flints ll l pebb es , , she s , spars , and other materia s . It consists 1 8 1 S TOWE .

l o of two caverns : from the owermost , the water flows int

al all l a rivulet ornamented with sever sm is ands , and over

of n . l shadowed by a variety i tersecting branches Fossi s ,

u of t , petrifactions , and spars , constit te the inside the grot o

two l which is al so decorated with white marb e basons , and a

A o l . statue of Venus , apparent y rising from the bath mirr r placed behind this statue reflects the whole scene with consider l ff di ab e e ect . In this romantic spot , George the Fourth ned when he vi sited Stowe .

TH E TE MPLE OF CONCOR D AN D VICTORY

l u l of l is a arge handsome b i ding , an ob ong shape , decorated

- hi l with twenty eight fluted Ionic columns . T s is acknow edged to be one of the most chaste and elegant ornamented structures l in the kingdom ; and as ong as it continues to exist , the archi tect will need no other monument to record hi s taste and

u . ll d i by n earlv j dgment It was origina y es gned Kent , who followed the shape and measur ements of the Maison Quarrée at Nismes but th e internal decorations were completed in

1 7 63 n n l by Sig or Borra , whe the ate Lord Temple gave

ll i to it the appe ation wh ch it now bears , perpetuate the

n fi Fontani ebl eau remembra ce Of the peace then rati ed at .

' Th e M ai son C ar ée at Ni smes i n F an i s an obl on s are r , r ce , g qu — n b ui ldi ng i ts present b ei ng i ts modern name. A ci ently i t was a a Roman Templ e . Th e town of Ni smes al so b o sts of a Roman m hi h ea e i n e ell en rese va i on Ba h s Fo n ai ns a es A p t tr xc t p r t ; t , u t , St tu , and o h e an i i i es and i s s osed i h th e e e i on Of Rome to t r t qu t ; upp , w t xc pt , m e R m it E c ontai n or o an remai ns than any oth er c y of urope. 1 82 S E TOW .

’ D C OBH AM S LOR PILLAR ,

of all one on the other side the v ey , is hundred and fifteen feet

u high , surmo nted with a statue Of his Lordship . It was o ll n l al é rigina y desig ed by Gibbs , but has been a tered by V dr ,

nl l l who e arged the pedesta , in order to receive four ions , that

l l ' The are now p aced on the ang es . View from the top will repay the trouble of ascending .

N l ul l ll ear this co umn is a beautif temp e , ca ed

’ TH E EE S B D QU N UIL ING ,

ll origina y designed by Kent , since whose time it has been i l l l augmented by a Corinth an portico , eading to a arge , e egant oo l ol lu l u r m , decorated with scag i a co mns and pi asters , s pport i n u li T l g a tr nk cei ng , executed from the design of the emp e R of the Sun and Moon at ome .

O of all u n the opposite side a deep v ey , is the most pict resque

u u l and curio s b i ding in the gardens , denominated

H E OT TE E T G HIC MPL .

ul l i n l This is a triang ar bui d g , with a pentagona tower at each o one of to of c rner ; which rises the height seventy feet , and terminates with battlements and pinnacles ; the others are i surmounted w th domes . The whole is constructed with a

n on of ll brow ish stone , and being seated the brow a hi , forms

n t f an interesting Object from ma y par s o the gardens . Th e

l n l l u u inside is rich y or amented with ight co mns , and vario s

1 84 STOWE .

l : N Wi tshire , the seat Of Lord Pembroke ear it is ,

TH E E E OF DS T MPL FRIEN HIP , l built in the Tuscan sty e of architecture , and ornamented with

l . u a portico , supported by four co umns The inside is f rnished with busts of the following celebrated and noble personages

EDE E OF ES E S E E D A FR RIC , PRINC WAL , EARL CH T RFI L , E RL

E S M E D T O D C A D W T OR LAN , EARL MARCHMON , L R OBH M , LOR

E D B S RI D E E TE GOW R , LOR ATHUR T , CHAR GR NVILL , LA EARL

E E I E OF E E T MPL , W LLIAM PITT , LAT EARL CHATHAM , G ORG ,

T ET LATE LORD LY TL ON .

We c annot help obj ecting to the taste whi ch suggested the

l n u l of r l p aci g s ch beautifu objects art as these ma b e busts ,

all l u which have , apparent y, been exec ted by the first masters , l in so gloomy a building . They wou d be more at home

Li br ar of l D the y the nob e uke .

The ai on of rem ning objects this side the gardens , are

’ TH E E B E E AN D E E S M E T P BL ALCOV , CONGR V M ONU N ,

u a exec ted from design by Kent . Thi s is decorated with

’ l of ul f emb ematic devices , expressive the poet s pec iar bent o O genius in dramatic compositions . n the top sits a monkey lf viewing himse in a glass .

i l l n Such are the pr ncipa objects in these ce ebrated garde s ,

l l O l where , as Wa po e bserves , the rich andscapes occasione

ul l of m l li u by the m tip icity te p es and obe sks , and the vari o s

u l our u pict res that present themse ves as we change sit ation ,

’ u e l u s Occasion both s rpris and p eas re , sometimes recalling Al ban ST 1 85 OWE .

t our l landscapes to our mind ; and of ener to fancy , the ido atrous and lux urio us vales of Daphne and Tempe .

TH E H OU S E

' ou n u ll r l is situated an emi ence , rising grad a y f om the ake t o al . the south front , which is the princip entrance It covers

l of un u m to a arge extent gro d , and meas res fro east west (with

Offic es ni ne r Of w l the , ) hund ed and sixteen feet , hich the centra

- four hundred and fifty four include the principal apartments .

on - l un i These range each side the sa oon , and comm icate w th

of l l . each other by a series doors , p aced in a direct ine The

Or arden f ront of n l south g is composed a ce tre , two co onnades , d an li o in . two pavi n w gs , the same height as the centre

i u o Th s side has a r sticated basement , and is ad rned with a great number of Corinthian and Ionic columns and pilasters .

has The design of this front been attributed to Mr . Wyatt ; but u l l we are ass red that no professiona architect was emp oyed , and that it owes its composition wholly to the Lords C obham and

or l C l . . ame ford The portico , oggia, is approached by a flight of t - thir y one steps , at the bottom Of which are two massive l l of ar ul ions , executed after the mode those in the g den vestib e l Of the Vill a Medici at Rome . The oggia is formed by six

C i lu l hi u ro orinth an co mns , and two pi asters , w ch s pport a p

The jec ting pedi ment . inside is decorated with thirteen figures in - l n n a u basso re ievo , repre se ti g a sacrifice to B cch s ; 1 8 6 S TOWE .

l u l l l a u two u ur a so fo r co ossa fema e st t es , and fine antiq e fig es

l l u in white marb e , Of Cybe e and J no . d The Mansion now under consi eration , is vast in its pro

n in u l portio s , and grand in its decorations , perhaps , a degree , eq a

to l of but any nob e residence which this kingdom can boast , as

t i to i nferfere respec s the interior , having no w sh with those

who to u prepare them , we refer the reader the G ide Books ,

which are never wanting in or near any spot of great interest

u l ll th e Dr - Roo in this co ntry . The Sa oon , the Ha s , awing ms ,

ll D s - R o the State Ga eries , State re sing o ms , and State Bed

C m l u - R r of t ha bers , State C osets , M sic oom , and Libra y S owe ,

“ ui c all due of have in the G de , ea h and a share consideration and

l i a ll . l detai , which in th s c se they we deserve It is a most a

u to m n of l tr ism say, that an enu eratio the mere tit es and

ual of ull ff ul l q ities Pictures , is a d a air , and partic ar y so to

. u our own readers We preferred tr sting to impressions , and

’ ur r al or - oe amongst the Pict es , observed o igin s Chef d uvres of

l t i of and n i a mos every em nent master ancient moder t mes , and

of course embracing subj ects of every variety of historical

In l t for of interest . se ecting a rio , the sake adding a few

of is words Biography and anecdote to each , it not intended t o disparage any other of the crowd of worthy and eminent

u l z u . in n individ a s , who ga e pon each other the mag ificent

apartments at Stowe .

ELEANOR GWYNN l N ll w l l . ho e ength portrait by Sir Peter Le y e , the

1 88 STOW E .

u ff had m ch a ected him , he entered her apartments in a very

on u pensive mood , and , her req esting information as to the

l l l : O ! N ll ! N ll ! cause Of his me ancho y , exc aimed e e what

can I do to please the people of England ! I am torn in pieces

l u . one l by their c amo rs There is way eft , said the shrewd l ll ffi l E eanor ; but the expedient , I am afraid , it wi be di cu t to ”

u ou . P pers ade y to embrace What is that asked the King , l . O ladi es in a tone expressive of curiosity n y dismiss your ,

u l N ll l ll and mind yo r business , rep ied e , the peop e wi soon

‘ ll - l . ll be p eased She died at her house in Pa Ma , in the

year 1 69 1 .

J S E A DD S O PH I ON ,

l l of n the mora and e egant author the Spectator , is pai ted e ll . ll l by Kne er The fo owing xtracts from a etter , not ll A l genera y known , sent by ddison to a ady whom he had

l l o former y oved , and fr m whom he received certain hints

l u al of impossib e to be mis nderstood , convey a very ex ted idea

the purity of hi s heart .

l ul u l i ou It wou d be ridic o s in me , after the ate int mation y

l f l o i no were p eased to favour me with , to af ect any nger an g

of u rance yo r sentiments , however Opposite an approbation of

i of u them must be to the d ctates reason and j stice . This

l u expression , I am sensib e , may appear inconsistent in the mo th

i te on f ol r e . o a p man , but I hope it is no di sg ace to a sincere

of n deli cac u i truth In matters importa ce , y o ght to g ve way to , E 1 8 9 S TO W .

r An and ceremony m ust be sacrificed to candou . honest freedom

l of u n is the privi ege ingen ity , and the mi d which is above the

ou a i of deceit uil of atter . Y pr ct ce , can never stoop to be g ty fl y

a n ou v l to , ou h ve passio s y say, Madam gi e me eave answer y

l of have understandi n g al so : you have a heart susceptib e the

but s ul if ou a a , tenderest impressions ; a o , y choose to w ken it beyond an unwarrantable indul gence of them ; and l et me

e ou u own s i ul or entr at y , for yo r sake , to re ist any giddy mp se

ill o lac ed l o S all u ou a p inc inati n , which h ind ce y to entert in a thought prej udi cial to your honour and repugnant toy our virtue .

After mentioning the affection he had conceived for her il l wh e sing e , he adds ,

and l e l ss n Time absence at ength abat d a hope e passio , and

DO not u ff u ll u . yo r marriage with my patron e ect a y c red it ,

u t o dl : do not Madam , endeavo r rekin e that flame destroy a

u ll u to l u own tranq i ity I have just beg n taste , and b ast yo r l l u i u . hono r , which has h therto been uns ied

of by Gai nsborough . Few heroes the sock and buskin have

u u of u l m experienced s ch vario s transitions fort ne as this gent e an .

n of of He was bred to the i heritance a handsome estat e , which , on of hi s s but was the death father , he obtained pos ession ,

r an u l wh o afte wards ejected by nexpected c aimant . proved to be l was li on the rea heir . He then reduced to seek a live hood

l i me n the stage , and doomed , for a considerab e t , to represe t 1 90 STOW E .

u l of the most inferior characters , nti the death Booth paved

i ul l to the way for his mov ng in a higher sphere , and timate y,

of Drur his exaltation to th e management y Lane Theatre .

When the current Of popular opinion set so strongly in favour of

all al n i l u Garrick , that riv competitio was fru t ess , Q in retired to

B on un In ath a moderate fort e . He died in that city , the year 1 7 66.

The h gems of art dispersed t rough the apartments , are rare

u s l and c rious , and demonstrate the ta te , backed by the wea th ,

of . n l u l ll em In S tate the ob e individ a s who co ected th . the bed- room there is an extensive c oll ection of Chi na placed in

u two u z of two recesses , and g arded by Chinese fig res Of the si e l u of i ife , which represent the tr e cast the Ch nese face , and the

li of t o l pecu arity eye , not be matched , perhaps in the who e ,

British dominions These figures are capable of

ni d ni d nodding

n - l at each other , the artist havi g given them a semi ife in this

ul of l l partic ar . The head the ady is decorated with a cost y

ol of ful tiara of g d , from which are suspended a series grace

III . l u i ul drops an adj oining c oset are many bea t f paintings , .

of of l o and , (what is worthy remark) a piece the c oth embr idered

l l l of ul with go d and si ver , which covered the pa anquin the S tan

Ti oo pp Saib , when the city of Seringapatam was taken by the

A l of l l B . l ritish troops tab e so id chased si ver, a so decorates f one of the recesses o this room .

1 9 2 S E TOW .

belonging to the pill ars of Traj an and Antonine the arches of

S u n n and u of everus , Tit s and Consta ti e ; from other mon ments

Ro A hl n u . divided into ma grande r ric y decorated dome , compart

s i al - l At ments , ascend above th s to an ov sky ight . eac h end are

mal u mi i n ll - fe e fig res , ter nated scro work , supporting the arms

l l m l of of the ate Ear Te p e , and the Marquis Buckingham .

a o ul l d This ap rtment , th ugh partic ar y gran at any time , appears transcendantly magni ficent when illuminated with nearly one

u n l l h ndred pate t amps , which disperse their ights from behind A ff . t l the cornice these times , the e ect is great y heightened by the melodious strains whi ch issue from a concealed music

ll S u i n one rn of l . ga ery , it ated co er the Sa oon

A large tribute of praise is due to that liberality which throws

Open to public inspection the gardens of Stowe and the suite of l l l rooms on the ground floor of the pa ace . The nob e examp e

of the Duke of Buckingham is well worthy of imitation . A P P R D I X.

TH E reader who has travell ed over a moiety of this important run R l l t k ai way, may probab y have imbibed a desire to explore the beauties in Sceneryand Antiquities whi ch exist of the remainder of the line . We are among those (probably not in nu who n l lon c omm few mber) , a xious y desire to see a g u ni cati on R l ull li u l by ai way in f Operation , be eving nti such all l l of sh be accomp ished , that the rea merits this invention will be but imperfectly understood by the portion Of the u l t t al ll p b ic consti uting the majori y in we th , inte ect and R of numbers . The eport the Company at their meet ing at on 2 l st u u Birmingham the Febr ary , is s ch a one as u l of n detail the p b ic required , since it has the merit going i to . i n In th s report , beginning at the Tri g station , the state of all l so the works towards Birmingham is given in anguage , ” li l who run free from technica ties , as to enab e even those , “ ” not nl but u . o y to read , nderstand Since the above date , of dl D n ll the parts the road between Pen ey and e bigh Ha ,

The report i s extracted from th at excell ent weekly publicati on ” The Rail a Times a ne s a e e cl usi el de o ed to the diff usi on w y , w p p r x v y v t f Rail a n elli en e o w y i t g c . D 1 9 4 APPEN I X.

l l l u l then incomp ete , have yie ded to abo r and capita , and

o el s of th e l and Thus far i nto th e b w ,

may we ride on without impediment ; without refreshment of on the road , and without seeing any object to remind us exhaustion ; unl ess we mention the tanks which it appears r of locomoti ves are necessary to administe to the wants the , b y wh ose means all this magic is effected . There are at the l D ll date we write , twe ve contracts between enbigh Ha and l m l , Bir ingham , to comp ete name y

VVOLVERTON , E D WOLV RTON VIA UCT , C S E E A TL TH ORP , B I S L WORTH ,

BUG BR O OK , E STOW HILL , N VVEED O ,

BROC KALL,

LONG BUCKBY , I S E K L BY TUNN L , R B UG Y , R B A N D I I S UG Y B RM NGHAM STATION .

f sh ewn th e ll w The state o which are h in fo o ing abstract ’ R the Directors eport , drawn up by the engineer ;

O W LVE RTO N C O NTR A CT .

ol o on o for o e Th e wh e Of the w rks this c ntract, have s me tim h e t e o o . The past, b en advancing in m st satisfact ry manner quantity n D H ll o o not now e d remaining i the enbigh a excavati n, d es exc e yards ; part of which is to be conveyed into the W olverton h e e and t e o o l . The e e embankm nt , remaind r thr wn int spoi pr s nt o w ll al l t o n rate of pr gress i justify the c cu a i n, that the cutti gs and l the ol er ll lo embankments , inc uding W v ton embankment, wi be c sed

in eight weeks from this time . The permanent road i s also in an Th e o o l two l advanc ed state . unfinished p rti n is ess than mi es , the w ll l o th e e o a d greater part of which i be aid bef re xcavati ns re finishe . l \Ve may therefore calcu ate upon th e permanent road being extended l to ol o r from D enbigh Hal W vert n in eight o nine weeks .

1 9 6 E X APP NDI .

of ma al ll e l i n th ll yards teri , which wi be dispos d Of near y e fo owing manner o e cubic yards to Asht n mbankment . to Bli o o sw rth ditt . 35 000 to il , Spo . The first quantity i s that which relates to the Opening Of the line as far as Roade ; and reckoning the south end Of the cutting to ld at the of d er o ma ffe yie rate yar s p m nth , this ybe e cted i n o s llo n for o i er three m nth , a wing the ecessary time j in ng the p m anent road . “ Th e completion Of the Blisworth embankment will probably not end M om w much exceed the Of ay, fr hich date the undersetting ll o B t to wi c mmence . y the time his has advanced the site Of the o l o ll b e l to l l of sp i , it is expected the excavati n wi c eared the eve o o l the permanent rails . The undersetting being a w rk Of a n ve l o o e ll all character, and p aced in a situati n where c ntingenci s wi in o li o Is ffi l In l l t pr babi ty ccur, there some di cu ty ca cu ating the ime it — e will require . After giving the subject the most att ntive o I do not i t l to t l c nsideration , deem advisab e state his at ess than three months from the time of th e excavation being entirel y cleared or o to of e t o l e o of b ttomed, bringing the end S p ember the c mp ti n h l t e o for the of . c ntract, as regards readiness Opening the ine The future method of procedure and expenc es in the Blisworth cutting have been cal culated upon th e evidence and appearances now o not l our bef re us, but it is improbab e that in the undersetting, l n e o o t m p a s may r quire m dificati n, as indica ed by circu stances at the time . Such cases will necessaril y increase the cost beyond what l l now e was ast estimated ; but the quantity Of materia s r mainingO in ll l o o of the cutting being sma , and a considerab e p rti n the space for t o e al r o l underset ing being exp s d eady, the additi na expense cannot, il f o he o l . T o it is th ught, very c nsiderab e hree m es permanent way remain to be laid .

B U G BRO O K C ONTRA CT .

Th e excavations and embankments throughout this contract are closed ; but it will be necessary t o deposit an additional e l o one of t quantity Of mat ria up n the embankments , in which here l o tw il has occurred a very extensive s ip . Ab ut o m es and a half of to l permanent way remain be aid . “ S TOW E H I L L C ONTRA CT . This c ontract is in a satisfactory state as regards the prosp ect The l e h o f o l o . o c mp eti n tunne has be n finis ed s me time . A small 1 APPEN DIX . 9 7 quantity of excavation is yet t o be brought from the s outh end of the tunnel to the embankment at the north end of th e contract . T 00 t l a here are ab out 6 yards of permanent road o y.

\VE E D ON CONTRA CT .

T e Th e excavations and embankments are completed . h re are of e o t o l a e about yards perman nt r ad y, and the great r proportion of ballasting IS on the ground .

B RO C K A LL A N D LON G B U C K B Y CONTRA CT S .

T two o o o and hese c ntracts are under the same c ntract rs, have ' been worked conj ointly ; they may therefore be regarded as one l The k o with reference to c omp etion . wor s are in a m re backward t T e o state than they ought o be . h re is an excavati n at each one Vl eedon extremity ; near containing cubic yards, the o o end of Kil T l o ther at the s uth sby unne , c ntaining cubic o two o one yards . Fr m these excavati ns, intermediate embankment i s to o The be f rmed, req uiring cubic yards redundancy Is to o l t o of the excavations be dep sited in spoi . Wi h m derate wo cl o ed i n o s o o . T exerti ns, these rks may be f ur m nths here remain al of e ab out four miles and a h f p rmanent road to l ay.

KI L S B Y T UNN E L .

T o the his w rk is at present in a very satisfactory state, and o l ul e o m nth y progress as reg ar as can be expect d, c nsidering the of o s — NO new f l n l o nature the Operati n di ficu ty has rece t y ccurred , except the capricious appearance and disappearance Of water in nd e B of o a o . some the shafts, b th in b y nd the quicksand etween o of e o o of th e l h as these shafts, the juncti n resp ctive p rti ns tunne l o l of o c onsequent y bec me rather uncertain, the actua rate pr gress u ll n t o l l o of in t nne i g hr ugh intermediate space, fa ing sh rt what was TO o o f estimated . rem ve this s urce o conti ngency as much as l e o to o l ft practicab e, it has be n f und necessary sink additi na sha s for the p urpose Of dividing those unfinished porti ons which woul d lo to or i our of require the ngest time execute, in wh ch average rate o o li l to b or pr gress was m st ke y be interrupted y water, a change i n t . O 20th of l l the na ure Of the strata n the January ast, a carefu to l admeasurement was made, determine accurate y the distance t e of e o l o unfinished be ween ach pair shafts, and the tim Of c mp eti n for l l no l each, ca cu ated upon an average which there are reasonab e grounds for doubting. 1 9 8 A I PPEN D X .

[The results are stated in a table which we do not find it necessary to o we o our e e the th e c py, but may inf rm r ad rs that works in said tunnel are carried on by means of fourteen shafts and that there were 484 yards (or better than a quarter of a mil e) of tunnelling to o l he l oe t o l 1 8 38 . The Re o c mp ete, at atest peri d, ear y in August p rt g s “ to The e of o re o e the l e ma state that, ] av rages pr g ss ad pt d in tab y appear t o be scarc ely b orne out by reference to the reports Of progress in some particular shafts but such instances are accounted for o of ll l e th e , either by the ccurrence a fa en ngth (which was e one of th e or b o of cas in quicksand shafts) , y the pr ximity the u l to l oo for o face Of the t nne the shaft, which essens the r m w rking, and i nvariably reduces the rate Of progress below that which ought t o b e taken as a guide . The circumstances requiring the adoption of expedients explained ab ove (in order to avoid disappointment by the further o o th e e for l le o ece l pr tracti n Of time fix d fina comp ti n), have n ssari y caus ed the expense of prosecuting this work t o b e materially augmented bey ond what was estimated last year ; and in additi on t o h as e o ol l l t o this, it b en f und abs ute y indispensab e increase the

c of - o formel to pri es mining, timbering, and brick w rk y paid the

- C o o e o to al o e Sub ntract rs, and which expens s were pr ved be t geth r ll eff e ll e . I e a l ou inad quate n the quicksand, speci y, a th gh ctua y e th e o o e drain d , utm st cauti n in mining has been r quired, and an e of o l o l e exp nditure timber unav idab y incurred , which w u d app ar excessive and lavish to any one whose experience has been confined r en to ordinary tunnelling. The present plans Of p oceeding have be r lo o m e o o ar ived at by c se Observati n and ature refl cti n, and cann t with safety or proprietyb e altered for the purpose Of economising. e l o e o on of S vera circumstances have ccurred, d m nstrating that n e our precautions or expenses have exc eeded what the magnitude of the f l s o el . di ficu ties attending thi w rk , imperativ y demanded

RU G B Y C ONTRA CT .

This c ontract having been given up into the hands of the

now o e o of E e . Company, is pr ceeding under the dir cti n the ngine rs l o o o th e e o A considerab e pr p rti n Of xcavati ns, embankments and o l now two permanent r ad is a ready executed, and there remain excavations to complete ; on e of them at th e north end Of Kilsby l o — e R Tunne , c ntaining yards the oth r near ugby, containing The t o o e o to th e yards . quantity be c nvey d fr m each

200 APPENDI X . — embankment over Wolverton Val ley will be j oined to the viaduct in about a month ; and the line virtually finished and prepared for s Ro o of M The passenger as far as ade in the c urse ay next . unfinished portion of th e line will then be confined to the distance of miles b etween Blisworth and Rugby ; but the greater portion of l t i s e e l l th e l of this eng h at pr s nt near y comp ete, and on y works e any magnitud remaining, are The Bl o t o now n I. ot o isw r h excavati n, containing m re than r f e o 1 00 000 cubic ya ds o mat rial s to be rem ved . B o tw 1 1 . Th e Lo o o ng uckby c ntract, with excavati ns, both Of l whi ch may easily be executed in ess than four months . h e K l T l n 1 11 . T of ll i sby unne , with four hundred yards tunne i g to do o o so l m e e al l , divided int porti ns i it d in xtent, that the c cu ated periods for the junctions being form ed between the shafts (as l th e l v o l o detai ed in tab e gi en under the pr per head), may be oked — forward t o with almost entire confidence and “ I V The R o now o . ugby c ntract, in a very f rward state ; the o e o to two o o l unfinished w rks b ing c nfined excavati ns , fav urab y d m for l e s o t o situate , and circu stanced suitab e m asure being ad pted

l . secure their expeditious comp etion — Of these four points there are two the Long Buckby and R o — ol v no f l o ugby c ntracts which inv e di ficu ty whatever, the w rks e of o of two K l being quit an rdinary character ; the remaining , i sby Bl l l e e t and isworth, it is on y the att r which need b regarded wi h l o not e l particu ar anxiety, and this work it d es app ar impracticab e t o o l e o l o e o o o c mp et in time, sh u d the appr aching s as n pr ve fav ur l e o l b e m to n of able . Un ss there sh u d impedi ents the undersetti g o w o w the r ck ith mas nry, exceeding hat is at present anticipated, we may reckon upon an opening through it in six months from r of M o l o l e o l o the fi st arch next, which w u d make its c mp ti n, a m st, f l T n t ll l o o K l . if o actua y simu tane us , with that i sby unne E (Signed) ROB RT STEP HENS ON .

At - u of the meeting above mentioned , a s bject very great — l or not R importance was debated name y, whether the ail road Th should be open to the public on Sundays . e course pursued o l of u on this occasi n, and the resu t , are s ch interest that they A of di cannot here be passed over . sketch the procee ngs is therefore subjoined .

M TURGE o to l o of v r . S r se move a reso uti n which pre ious notice ’ e of C had been given, r specting the running the ompany s Engines APPENDI X . 201

a r on H no for l e l and C r iages the Sabbath . e was advocate gis ative on l ou l e l all l enactments re igi s matters, but if he gis ated at he wou d B l egislate as strictly for the rich as for the poor . ut here the o or not t o l ll w questi n was, whether a great rading c mpany shou d a o n their servants to carry on their business on Su days . Th e argu u o on e tw ment bro ght f rward this subject by many, mbraced o m o — n r t of n o o e ecessi t . ain c nsiderati ns the Of p ofi, the other y F l to . I irst, the question Of profit t had a ready been shewn, t o ll on l on l of R l l he retica y, that g ines ai way at east, the profit

arising to the Proprietors was more than questionable . As yet the R lw o o l d ai ays Of that descripti n c mp ete , were in number, ffi to eal t o th e ol su cient justify an app experience, but Liverpo and

M e u one- anchester after many y ars, gave a return Of abo t twentieth

of their net profits as arising from this source . The Leeds and el 1 835 w n S by was Opened in , hen the passe gers during the first on Su to 1 836 the year ndays amounted In , number was d to 1 837 to Th ow iminished and in , is sh ed a l o on progress Of pub ic Opini n the subject, and he was assured by su eri ntendent t l l e not the p Of his ine, ast we k , that he did consider the C ompany derived any advantage from the working Of their T engines and carriages on that day . h e Grand Junction Railway Conveyance had given a return of about Si x shillings out of a Th dividend of five p ounds from the same source . e Stockton and D l o on c C o l o o t ar ingt n, whi h arriages were c nveyed by c mo ive ow ea kl V l or o p er six times a day, ch day, from Auc and a e three f ur ’ o to M l o d s of times a day, and fr m Sto—ckton idd ebor (a i tance four miles) nearly every hour did not run theirengines on Sunday; but they all owed horse coaches to run at the charge of Sixpence

l . SO l l was on of per mi e itt e, however, the demand the part the li l one r a of pub c, that on y car i ge was run, and that in the height w o Darhn ton one to summer, bet een Stockt n and g , and and from ’ on o f h o h Middleboro . It was true that the pening o t e t er end of n o B l th e of the Lo d n and irmingham ine, number passengers in ’ one instance had been but it had lately not exceeded on the Th e travell ing on th e London and Greenwi ch Railway i s generally ver onsi dera bl au mented ON U DA ab o hi M S h . tur e y c y g S N Y , ut w c , r S g ,

of o rse kno s no hi n . For e am l e on nda 28th an a c u , w t g x p , Su y, J u ry, 1 838 i n th e mi ds of th e se e es i n e kno n i n En l and th e re ei ts , t v r tw t r w g , c p

- r £ 1 0 1 8 5 . th e e a of th e r main n we e 9 . av r ge e i g si x d ays of the week b ei n onl £ 90. On nd a 25th F eb ar i re th e e e ts . e g y Su y, ru y, r c p w

1 21 1 55 . r d o l £ . o ub e th e average of th e remai ning Si x d ays from 22nd ‘ o 28th of Feb r ar U t h e a t u y. p o t l st week i n April th e traffic on da s o n es a men n when the ea h i s fa abl Sun y c nti u ug ti g, w t er vour e . E D 202 APP N IX .

350 one o l 1 56. average , and in instance was n y When in addition t o t was o o s o t l ro o o f his, it taken int c n iderati n, hat a arge p p rti n o those wh o now travell ed on the Sunday woul d go either on the or M o t to Saturday night nday morning, and hat secure Sunday l o o o or o ab ur, a high remunerati n must in s me way ther be paid to t so l o l e on al l the par y emp yed, it might be fair y assum d these Ra lw f not o l to C o i ays, that such a tra fic was pr fitab e the mpanies o . On o of nec essi t o c ncerned the gr und y, he c nsidered that if the h o o o r necessity eret f re existed, it was rem ved by the inc eased speed attained by Rail way travelling ; while the additional business on of w transacted other days the eek by these communications, rendered a day of rest more indispensable t o all connected with

. H It all them ( ear) had been said, that they must at events c onvey the mails ; but if the Receiver- General to the P ost- office l o no mal l wou d excuse the Observation, he did c nceive there was s degree of inconsistency in giving all those connected with this t Lo o of l l i n depar ment in nd n, an entire day rest, whi e c erks l l l on o simi ar estab ishments, were emp oyed Sundays in the c untry. H l to all who was not e might appea heard him, whether this considered a great public benefit instead Of its being an i nc onveni

one too not l o . I ence, and , , comp ained Of fr m any quarter f the l l oo one l l o l n ot ol princip e he d g d in p ace, sure y it sh u d be vi ated

. he u o o H . H was o o t in an ther ( ear, hear ) e m st anxi us that q esti n o l l m et or e sh u d be fair y by an affirmative n gative, and he trusted those wh o might think proper to bring forward any amendments on o o h e to o ld o the m ti n intended submit, w u bring them f rward T r s e to Bo of D afterwards . here had been p e ent d the ard irectors o or e o l o l s l o all yesterday, f ur five m m ria s fr m the c erk , and a m st e l o th e C o on Lo o end one or the s rvants emp yed by mpany the nd n ,

M . two of which he might be allowed to call for . [ r Sturge was S C M oo o th e o l here handed by the ecretary, aptain rs m, mem ria s ll t o one of was l r the ff a uded , which signed by the c e ks at di erent o Lo o o o o ol stati ns at the nd n end ; and thers \ fr m the p rters , p ice

l l o . o o for & c . o men, , emp yed at the severa stati ns S me petiti ned a Th e l and for o l o o l o . partia , many a t ta exempti n fr m Sunday ab ur memorials were accompanied by a letter from a pers on represented to b e l l v of C o St o a va uab e ser ant the mpany, ating in str ng terms th e v l r hi s o on the ol e i s Of the p esent system, and convicti n, wh e , C T v l l o that the ompany derived no profit from it . his indi idua a s o the o wh o b o to stated , that am ngst cr wds were attracted y curi sity o on R lw e make Sunday excursi ns the ai ay at first, numb rs returned M r ll to he f . e in a state o intoxication . r Stu ge n xt a uded a note had e t h of r ceived from a friend Of his , sta ing t at a number persons

204 APPENDIX .

l ff to e e . e e . and impracticab e in any attempt carry it into ct (H ar, h ar ) Be to e fore he sat down, he might perhaps be permitted Observ , that on fo o h o s e i n Lo a rmer ccasion, when t is questi n was di cuss d ndon, something of an angry feeling was exhibited by those who opposed w o o l el see on o his vie s, th ugh he c u d scarc y what gr und ; but in s e t o l l a e e of th e di cussing this qu s i n, whi e he c im d the ex rcise right of private judgment in coming forward i n the present instance from of t h e r s h e o s o a sense du y, t u ted had d ne with perfect charity w o who ff o o o i to ards th se di ered fr m him in pini n, and w th an entire

l - e ll . H r k . T o f e ing of good wi ( ea . hear ) h ugh it was nown to many of his friends that it was with some reluctance he had accepted the of Directdr et o on so l e l w fice Of , y he had hitherto g ne p asant y ith those gentlemen with whom he had been privileged to act in this t h e had no e to e W capacity, hat wish at pres nt r sign ; and hether own on c o or not oul his views the subject were a ted up n , it w d al b e hi s i e e ways anx ous d sire, that this great und rtaking might as to the o l of hi s he had add much m ra improvement country, as no doubt it woul d to the pecuniary advantage of those who had em M . S u o l barked their property in it . r t rge c nc uded by moving

’ That th e C ompany s engines and carriages do not run on the o of th e of the B of Sabbath, fr m the time Opening irmingham end the R l ll al e u 1 8 3 . ai way, ti the gener meeting in F br ary, 9

f L ol o ed H D E D . C ES o . H ARL A FI L , Esq , iverpo , sec nd the motion M H D S h e to o r . O L WORT H said, had an amendment pr pose, which he considered woul d meet the wishes of most of the gentlemen H e l e m o le present . fe t satisfi d it was i p ssib , in the present s e of c to out ol o of M . e. As tat so iety, carry the res uti n r Sturg l of e not see an far as the re igious part the subject w nt, he did y l ew difficulty in relaxing the rigid ob igations of the J ish Sabbath . Our S o el o l e so avi ur hims f, and his Ap st s had done , and he thought H they could not err in foll owing their example . e woul d there e wo l b e to for submit an amendment, the Object Of which u d , restrict as much as possible any infraction of th e observance of the H i nl n o of l nec es . o Sabbath e adm tted, it was o y the gr und pub ic sit e oul o th e li of o y that th y sh d pen ne, and he was Opini n that a meeting like the present coul d not s ettle all the details of the sub H o o l all o t o l e the ject . e c nsidered it w u d answer purp ses, eav i n the of D e o e matter hands the ir ct rs, aft r the meeting had H l th e e s e . o xpressed their wishes e c nc uded, by moving that busin s f R il b e on s e for u e o the a way suspended Sunday , xcept s ch restrict d e of e ll e al l for on the o ds c onveyanc pass ngers , as sha se m c ed gr un of u l e ess Di e to o e e p b ic n c ity ; and that the r ctors, wh m is h r by APPENDIX . 205

confided the duty of defining th e extent and particulars Of the o all e e of he restricti ns , sh tak as their guid , in the discharge t ir duty, o l oo not the the considerati n Of the pub ic g d, and private interests h of t e S ociety . D E S M of L ool ul l o e MR . A L RMAN IT H , iverp , said he f y c ncurr d e of th e e e e e l to o in th e propri ty am ndm nt, and he b gg d eave sec nd

H e ll o e M . to o l l it . fu y c ncurr d with r Sturge as the m ra gui t Of violating the Sabbath ; but there were cases of necessity whi ch ’ ol woul d invariably arise to prevent Mr . Sturge s res ution from

being fully acted upon . H e was s orry Mr. Sturge had not made was i some provision for those cases which it . ndispensably neces T B sary should b e provided for . he London and ir mingham Rail l o o o and ll o road wou d be the high r ad thr ugh the kingd m, mi i ns Of

e o l d to l o . e the human b ings w u have trave up n it Such b ing fact , he felt it would b e cruelty to prevent the people from travelling H e not w under certain circumstances . did Vie the question in the of r o t h e e u o o of l ne essi t way p fi, view d it p n the gr und actua c y h fel no d f l o l l o l and e t i ficu ty in saying, it w u d be utter y imp ssib e to prevent Sunday travell ing without materially and vi tally interfering a d the l ie of n . s o with the happiness actua neces it s the c mmunity . ’ C o to M . e ol o l o If the mpany agreed r Sturge s r s uti n, and c sed the el e G o e to th e u l w l road, he f t c rtain the v rment, in justice p b ic , ou d ll to l ul a be compe ed interfere, and Par iament wo d m ke them rescind

H r. ol o . their res uti n ( ear, hea ) P S S i n o to et of f l f Mr . A R ON suggested, rder g rid the di ficu ty o l e ot e on S confining c rks and h r servants unday, that they shoul d l e e n or so l o fo be re ieved ev ry s co d third Sunday, by per ns emp yed r

that purpose by the C ompany. He considered it woul d b e a gross act of inj ustice to th e public to prevent them from travelling out f r e o on nl e e oul o recr ati n, the o y day in the w ek th y c d spare time

e t o . H e . for r crea i n ( ear, h ar ) ’ M E S E D l o was In ou of M r . P A , Of ar ingt n, fav r r . Sturge s

l . o o o . I m ti n, and hoped they w u d make the experiment f Sunday l r ell e o i l ou o l t av ing w re , f und ind spensab y necessary; they c d n y

rescind their resolution . G A E ul l for C . i f Mr RR TT, said it wo d be impossib e the ompany, ’

re ol e u o M . u o o to ll they s v d p n r St rge s m ti n, prevent trave ing on o T the n o o e to o . e Su day, if thers th ught pr p r ad pt it hey w re aware of o o o to an u l or om that the act inc rp rati n gave y individ a , any C o e to a o R l o h fo pany, p w r run carri ges up n the ai r ad if t ey paid r the use of it ; and if the Company resol ved that they would not run e a e e o C th ir carri g s , what s curity had they that an ther ompany would

not start for the purposes of Sunday t ravelling. 206 A PPEN DIX .

A S H A R E H O L D E R contended that they had no right to shut up t R il on T e he o . b of P l me a r ad Sundays h y had, y an Act ar ia nt, o e o o ol e e o n to v btain d a m n p y, and th y w re g i g use it with s e erity a l I the e e gainst the pub ic . f y had stat d in th ir application to P l e e e to o u th e Ra l o on th e ar iam nt that th y intend d st p p i r ad Sundays , l e e o l nor o l e e to the u l Par iament n v r w u d, c u d th y in justic p b ic ,

h . e e th e . e P l e e hav grant d act (Hear, ar ) ar iam nt had decid d the question of Sunday travelling upon th e repeated motions Of Sir AndrewA new e wo l not llo C o t l e l g , and th y u d a w any mpany o gis ate e n th upon the subject to th great i jury Of e community .

M . C of L e ool not o e c om r O G H LAN , iv rp , did c nsid r that it was f r t e o o o M S e petent o them o ntertain the pr p siti n Of r . turg ; for in l of he o set o t t l e o l the preamb e the act f und it f rth, ha such a in w u d o to the l b e e pr ve a great advantage pub ic, and a c rtain, cheap, and expeditious mode of communication from th e Metropolis to B m to o e of the o Now irmingha , and thence th r parts kingd m . if they l o e the R l o on one of th e ee h e to o c s d ai r ad day w k, wished kn w “ ” h ow o l o e e e o they c u d dem nstrate it as a c rtain, xp diti us, and safe o of ll n ! T ol o so th e m de trave i g hey vi ated in d ing , very act by which they existed . Notwithstanding th e obstacles thr own in their l e l e e to the o way, the gis ature had acc d d g od wishes and interests of o l e t th e C m r the l the pe p , by gran ing o pany a cha ter, and pub ic had a right to expect that they should be true t o the principles on set out and e e l l which they had , give th m advantages , q ua at east, t l H o o o . . v o to those they f rmer y enj yed ( ear, hear ) Pre i us the o of l e o e the il of ell on an pening the in , they enj y d priv ege trav ing y da th e o o t o e o e e n o to y in week , but the pr p si i n b f r the m eti g, s ught

H e . H of l . ow o l l deprive them this iberty ( ar ) , he w u d ask, cou d t o l to o e if h o hey expect pe p e supp rt th m they said , we ave a m no ol and ll e to use for o e p y, we sha tak care it just such purp s s as may our own - we ll e ul li o el n s of the suit views, sha r g ate the re gi us fe i g o l ol out to ou e e of c o on the pe p e, and d e y that xt nt re reati n

deem nec essar . e . I t Sabbath which we y (H ar, hear ) f hey act in such wa u e o l e o o a y as this , he tr st d there w u d be p titi ns fr m every part of the o to ol o h e e o l one c untry ab ish a c mpact, w ich he d em d a m ra Bu h e oul between the public and the Directors . t he hoped t re w d b e no for o n o t necessity ad pti g such a c urse, and tha when they had ’ ol l o e e o l el the wh e ine thr wn Op n, th y w u d fe , having a giant s n o l o l to l but stre gth, that it w u d be c ward y use it ike a giant, in n t h such a manner as oul d be productive Of convenience o t e public . H T e of th le l o e . e e ( ear, h ar ) h y knew the s ntiments gis atur up n o o ol s o l e the subject, and having this m n p y in their hands, h u d th y c ll of eo l e t e onvert it against the wi the Government and the p p , h y

208 E X APP NDI .

mel l e n s a a of the ancho y b i g , the adv nt ge going into country, and l th e e H e e e e l e e G inha ing pure br ath Of av n wh n th y p as d . entlemen c onsidered that they should not make this a matter of profit ; but h e was of Opinion that they had a right to the full and fair profit of any undertaking in which they might happen to be engaged ; and he would like to know whether those gentl emenwho proposed to e on l o l o e to a take th ir stand re igi us princip e, gave rd rs the c p tains of vessels freighted with thei r ‘merchandi se to furl their sails t e o n cl o r t el no how f o h m me t the ck st uck w ve, and matter av urable the eze ll ow the to oll o the o o of , w for bre a ' ship r up n b s m the aters

- - o o ! H e e . But o e r f ur and twenty h urs ( ar, h ar ) supp sing th y p o hibited travelling upon their line with their own engines and c a e c o l not n o l o e lo n rriag s, they u d preve t ther individua s fr m mp yi g th e o for o l of men r ad , the act c ntained a c ause by which any body e to s e ul e l on e l might, by adh ring the pre crib d r s , trave th ir ine at

. H to l e e . But o any time, and any p ac ( ar ) cases might ccur in which it would be th e very extreme Of cru elty to prevent persons l th em elves o e of o e th e e of avai ing Of this m d c nv yance, as in cas s d or l th e o of e e o n i e frien s re atives at p int d ath , thus int rp si g a barr r to th e discharge Of one of the most sacred duties on this side the

ve. NO e o l not l e l s e so gra , th y c u d gis ate in thi arbitrary mann r, o to th e l n o o c ommu c ntrary fee i gs, and pini ns , and interests Of the ni t of two or e y. H e had got proxies to the amount thr e thousand e e l e of o l eel n shar s, from g nt men as high m ra f i g as any in the o o of l e of E l e C c untry, s me them c rgymen the stab ish d hurch , and l e o one of the d of l not ik wise fr m Ju ges the and, and they did shrink from avowing their sentiments in favo ur of the rights and H w of le of o l e e . o privi ges the pe p e . (H ar, h ar ) is vie the questi n D o oul e e was , that the irect rs sh d be instruct d that th y had a duty to e o o th e l e o t o p rf rm t wards pub ic, and that they w re b und provide carriages for their transport al ong the line. If the number Of pas sen ers ho l b e s all e e on the l g s u d o sm as was stat d, the carriag s ine i to one or two da but on o e m ght be reduced a y, the utset, ev ry opportunity should be aff orded to the people ; “ and after a little e e e the D e o o l b e l to the o da xp ri nce, ir ct rs w u d ab e ascertain acc mmo

o l e e ~but t l o o ti n they wou d r quir ; un i this was kn wn , he th ught the

o M o l not e o e fe . moti n Of r . Sturge sh u d be carri d int f ct ’ M W LLI A M B i n ll e s e o e R . I O LTON , a very exce nt pe ch, supp rt d ‘ l u M . t e o and s o o r S urg s m tion, expre sed a h pe that a th gh . the e i not l e on o o to sf i on qu st on might be sett d that ccasi n his sati act , of l o li th e not i and that the re igi us pub c, time was far d stant when H e c on it would b e met under more favourable impressions . gra tul ated h e n the o e eel wi t e me ting o go d t mper and kind f ing, th r which the discussi on had been c ar i ed on . 209 APP ENDIX .

o l H . EARLE , Esq . w u d rather that a direct negative had been ’ M o h e to o ut o . e o p up n r Sturg s m ti n, as happened kn w that a maj ority of the Directors were opposed to the Railway being used

a t all on the Sunday during the hours of Divine service . The London and Birmingham line of road was only a branch of one l o l e o l l e sl for entire great ine , and it was imp ssib e th y c u d gi ate the l ol o . . to o o wh e kingd m (Hear, hear ) It was his intention m ve res u o to the ff e the Rail o l not o on u ti ns e ct, that way c u d be st pped S nday d ho s of D v o o to uring the ur ivine ser ice, with ut inc nvenience the h c pub . T E D E R O Es s Di e o not H O OR AT H B NE , q , aid the r ct rs were l d M l t o p e ged, as had been intimated by r . Ear e, any specific

o . T e o l o o o ll e e c urse h y w u d g int the questi n fu y, and in ref r nce s ol l o i e y t ts merits . E It was M . A E o e o e r RL c nsid red, fr m what he had h ard, that

right the proprietors shoul d know th e intentions of the Directors . It had been said they intended stopping the trains in Birmingham

for o o to l e e o to D e v e . H f ur h urs , enab p rs ns attend ivine s r ic e wished to know if i t were intended to detain the passengers four i o Bi m who h th e e ool . h urs in rmingha , mig t arrive by Liv rp tra ns “ Th e M A u M l D r o not C H A I R N ass red r . Ear e, that the i ect rs had n e made any arra gem nts upon the subject . “ w of t m e e n A she hands was then aken, and the nu b r app ari g do ul ti was th e e l ubtf , a scru ny gone into, when numbers were d c ared a s follows For the A gainst it .

It is pleasant to mark the c onfidi ng simplicity wi th whi ch the n u l Di o tu u Ho o rab e rect r, Mr . S rge , seems , in this disc ssion , l on Su erintendants Cl to re y the evidence Of the p and erks , that Rail ll l l n the way wi not be ike y to give much profit o Sunday . N O doubt those pious functionaries would like a holiday onc e a but ll n of th e ll o week they must very we k ow, that two mi i ns of u ll persons resident in London , tho sands wi , on each Sunday, he l l of or l ike y to make a short trip ten , twenty , thirty mi es on R l r day the ai way , who , if not pe mitted to do so on that , as u in s on ll they cannot be absent from b s e s any other , wi 2 1 0 A E D PP N IX .

n l l wh o l ot be ab e to use it at al . That some eave town on the Sabbath may return intoxicated is not unli kely but it is cer t ainl m n l l wi ll ll y ore tha probab e , that such individua s equa y forget sobriety should they remain among the Gin Palaces of Lo Of C ndon . The great founder hristianity decided , that it ” on e l was lawful to do well the Sabbath . H hea ed the sick on : ll the sacred day that was , in his judgment , doing we ; ll our who l sha not sick , anguish from being confined to their ffi d he all o shops and O ces during six ays , wed access to the P healing influence of fresh ai r not less efficacious in their case l of ff Of than was the famed Poo Bethesda to su erers other times , on the seventh . u l all u l Mr . Sturge no do bt be ieves the conscientio s peop e at l ul l the stations , if iberated , wo d betake themse ves to their

devoti ons on Sunday . The journeyman bakers some years f t o a o l al . l g , made a ike af ecting appe Par iament hearkened not of u ul their prayer , but it was soon found that a few that sef l of l di c ass , instead spending their Sunday in re igious me tations , r l of were occupied th ough a considerab e part it , with badger

- htin a batti c tu do fi . S b baiting, g g g and boxing The insti tion ll l ul l e i n its is exce ent in itse f ; most wise , mercif and sub im origin ; and clai ms sincere homage from the whol e family Of li z to ur civi ed man . But to impose restrictions sec e its being w f o ll . e our o kept , is fo y The f in state society, must w rk , if man the y are to rest , and wise and humane was the decision pronounced by so overwhelming a majority of the London and B R l l on l irmingham ai way Shareho ders , the above memorab e o — ccasion which set the question at rest for ever .

2 1 2 T A B L E

Sh e i n th e di s an es from London and Bi rmin h am b the Rail oad w g t c g y r , and from the ta i ons near hi h th e are Si tua ed of all t S t w c y t , h e towns and pl aces describ ed i n th e first S eri es of “ ” R A I L R O A D I A N A .

tati on . Plac es desc ri bed . S

HARR OW ON TH E HILL

WATFOR D .

C A S H I OEUR Y PAR K .

BF S H Y .

RI C XM AN SW ORTH . BOX M I‘ HEMEL H EMP STEAD OO

$3233 Berkh amsted 27

BER K H AM STED , ’

R . ST. MA Y S

AS H R I DGE . TR I NG.

I VINGH O E .

LE IGH TON BU! ! ARD .

DENBI GH HALL .

BL ETC H LE Y .

FENNY STR ATFORD . E WOBUR N ABB Y . * STONEY STR ATFORD . * TH E ROMAN VI LLA . * BU C K ING H AM . R K * STOWE PA .

In th e ab o e Tabl e th e fra i ns of mil es are omi ted Bi rmi n ham v ct o t , g b ei n l a ed at 1 1 2 m l e n Th e e a t di stan e i s 1 1 2 g p c i s from Lo don . x c c 3 il es sh o l d al s th l a e ark d are m . It u o b e ob served th at if e p c s m e i si ed r om the Bi rmi n ham end o the li ne th e neare oi n to them V t f g f , st p t i s tone a ford r S y Str t o Wolverton Stati on. D N E Y O I S T A C B S T A T I N S .

LONDON T I M I H M O BIRM INGH M . B R NG A TO LONDON. A

i M le s .

To COVENTRY HARROW RUGBY WATFORD WEEDON Box MOOR VVOLVERT N E S ED O . B R KHAM T E I D NBIGH HALL . TR NG LE I GHTON BUZZARD LEIGHTON B UZZAR D TRING DENBI GH HALL B ERKHAM STED WOLVERTON VVEED N Box MOOR O . WATFORD RUG B Y r HARROW COV ENTRY LONDON BIR M INGHAM

N O TI C E .

R I D A ll In the Second Series Of A LROA IAN , the fo owing l of l o f l Towns , severa them ce ebrated as the scenes batt es between the houses of York and Lancaster ; others of great l A of Historica Interest and ntiquity , and some them either imperfectly known or little visited by the generali ty of the l — l ll British Pub ic independent y Of Vi ages , Seats and Parks of N li l ll the obi ty , and other interesting Spots and P aces wi be described

TOWCE TER NEWPORT P GNELL S , A ,

NORTH MPTON KENILWORTH A , ,

D VENTRY W RWI CK A , A ,

RUGBY TR TFORD ON VON , S A A , LUTTERVVORTH C OLE H LL , S I ,

CO ENTRY BI RMI NGH M . V , A D I N E X .

’ Al b an s hi u ri Abbot Of St. ; s co cu ous notices on the Tomb s ra e of the Gre s and Ir n g y , o H elmet ddi son ose h I nteres in Bl oi s te h en Earl of A , J p , t g S p , l et er of BOX Moor Des ri ti on of t , c p . Anc i entSchool Room atHarrow Hi story of appre Amusements at H ar h ensi on and executi on of row noo th e Mail Robber S k,

P PE D IX . Bri d e a er F amil Seat Of A N g w t y, Re o t of th e tate of th e Bu ki n h am To n of p r S c g , w Works on the London and Bucki n h amshi re G neral H i g , e s Bi rmi n h am Rail a at or of th e C ount i ts P ro g w y, t y y, th e l ast Meeting of P ro ducts and Antiqui ti es ri etors B sh Vill a e and h r p u y, g C u ch shri d e th e Seat of th e Bri d e B r on Lord hi s h abi s when A g , g y , , t water Family at Sch ool Babi n on ndre hi s trea hi s o ra h i n gt , A w, Aut g p sonabl e l an s fli h t and ood p , g , w a u e at H arro C ashi obur Park th e ea of c pt r w y , S t hi s Letter th e Earl s of Essex

to ueen Elizab e h and exe Ch arl es I I . Bon Mot of Q t , i n wl ed m n f cut on . Ack o g e t o an a i n i ent for a l oan of 0 Ba h l an Vase a at £ 1 0. cc , c , Wob rn b C of n Pri n ess Ma i lda on b e . c u A y fi , c t Ball ard oh n b etra s hi s fel ve ed i n a hil e al i e from , J , y y , w v , l ow- conspirators Devi zes to Gl oucester Bec et Thomas a at Ha ro Coo er Si r stl e eat at H e k , , r w p , A y, S Bedf ord th e Duke of hi s eat mel H em s ead , , S p t at Wob r n d escri b ed C ross to th e memor of een u , y Qu ’ Bell am s Ho se at H arro El eanor at one trat y u w, , St y S Babi n on sei zed at ford d es ro ed b th e Puri gt , t y y Berkh ams ed Chil dren of tans t , ames I n rsed at Denbi h Hall Hi stor of and J . u g , y , ’ ’ Ki ng s Arms Inn at Ori gin of th e Name ’ Hi story and De Duncomb e s Family Vaults at scripti on of the C astl e of Ivi ngh oe Poem on a vi si to Ermi n tree o n Of t S t, Acc u t Ch r h n i en E e ti on d e ail ed ount u c , A c t x cu ; t Acc I ns ri i n i f at Box M oor c pt o s n o . ’ f rd d i i f St . Mar s F nn trat o es t on o y e y S , cr p , Bl e hl e Vill a e and Ch u h and Chur h tc y, g rc , c

DE IN X .

n i e s h i nts on th e eX to hi s Wife th ni h b efore S easo t ck t , e g t p edi ency of i ssui ng hi s Executi on h am l etters sen to M ar Ti chb urn e Chi deo k e i S t y c , Sp c ueen of ots men of hi s Poetr d at d 1 5 86 Q Sc y, e ne of n di s o ered at Trin d eri ati on of Sto c fi c v g, v d a Lei ghton Buzzar . Mon stery of Stoney Stratford on th e Roman Church of tree a o n of 1 2 Tri n Par atlin . 6 Of W g S t, cc u t g, k Chur h d es ro ed To odumnus n i en Bri ons c t y g , A c t t by fire d efeated und er Ki ng

to e o n of. Wal si n h am hi s S h eme to eu S w , Acc u t g , c Des ri i on Of Gardens tra Babi n ton c pt , p g . and th ei r ma ni ent r hi Watford To n of g fic A c , w tec tural Emb elli Shments 1 7 7 t0 1 85 given byKi ng Offa to ’ w i n i kn ess No i th e f t lb ans s ea es o S . S t g S c , t c Abb ot A on Church of and Tomb Sund ay Travelli ng on Rail house a s reat Deb ate ou hi s Wi i nton Vill a e Of w y , g t gg , g ti n at Bi rmi n m lli h n i es o h a Wi s Browne Es . t e Qu g , , , q A t and i mp ortant d eci si on upon 1 76 q uary Tabl e of Di s an es from Lon Wil ston Green re utedWi tch es t c , p d i min h am d on an B r g b yth e stripped and tortured at . Rail - road from th e tati ons Wi t es d ked at Tri n , S ch uc g n ear whi h th e are si ated Wob urn d es ri ti on of c y tu , c p of all th e Towns and Pl aces Church of — t describ ed . —Petrifyi ng Spri ng a Ti chb urne Chi deo hi s Let er of d esc rib ed ck, t Abb ey

L I S T O F I L L U S T R A T I O N S .

MAP F AIL A T T A F RD To fa e Ti l e. O TH E R W Y O STONEY S R T O , c t ’ F A C - SIMIL E OF BY R ON s NAM E ON TH E PANEL OF TH E S C H OOL - R OOM AT HARR OW SPEC IM EN OF TH E MONUM ENTAL FAS H ION OF TH E 32 F IFTEENTH CENT URY 45 CH UR C H OF H EM E L HEMPSTEAD 69 AN C I ENT ALTA R TOM B IN BER K H AMSTED C H U R C H TH E C R S S A T LEI H BU! ! AR D R ES R ED 1 1 2 O G TON , TO H 1 27 STAI N ED GLAS S WINDOW I N RI C XM AN S W OR TH C H UR C TH E LA I OR BEDF R D VA S E 1 5 7 NT , O I A L E F I MA VILLA C L URED 1 67 JO NT OF F U OUND N TH E RO N , O O

P R NTE D AT TH E WILLOUG H B P RESS I Y ,

Bv W ILLOUG H B CO. 1 09 GOS WELL S r nEEr . Y ,