XXI ENSAYOS De Derecho Constitucional Comparado

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XXI ENSAYOS De Derecho Constitucional Comparado Miguel Herrero de Min XXI ENSAYOS de Derecho Constitucional comparado Boletín Ofcial del Estado Centro de Estudios Políticos y Constitucionales Derecho Pblico XXI ENSAYOS DE DERECHO CONSTITUCIONAL COMPARADO CONSEJO ASESOR DE LA COLECCIÓN DE DERECHO PÚBLICO Directora Yolanda Gómez Sánchez Catedrática de Derecho Constitucional de la Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Catedrática Jean Monnet, ad personam, de la Unión Europea Manuel Aragón Reyes, Catedrático de Derecho Constitucional de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Enrique Arnaldo Alcubilla, Catedrático de Derecho Constitucional de la Universidad Rey Juan Carlos. Francisco Balaguer Callejón, Catedrático de Derecho Constitucional de la Universidad de Grana- da y Catedrático Jean Monnet, ad personam, de la UE. Andrés Betancor Rodríguez, Catedrático de Derecho Administrativo de la Universidad Pompeu Fabra de Barcelona. María José Ciáurriz Labiano, Catedrática de Derecho Eclesiástico del Estado de la UNED. Miguel Ángel Collado Yurrita, Catedrático de Derecho Financiero y Tributario y Rector de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha. Juan Damián Moreno, Catedrático de Derecho Procesal de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Carlos Fernández de Casadevante Romani, Catedrático de Derecho Internacional Público de la Universidad Rey Juan Carlos de Madrid. Teresa Freixes Sanjuán, Catedrática de Derecho Constitucional de la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona y Catedrática Jean Monnet, ad personam, de la UE. Eugeni Gay Montalvo, Abogado. José María Gil-Robles Gil-Delgado, Catedrático Jean Monnet, ad personam, de la UE y Presiden- te de la Fundación Jean Monnet pour l’Europe. Vicente Gimeno Sendra, Catedrático de Derecho Procesal de la UNED. Doctora Tania Groppi, Catedrática de Derecho Público de la Universidad de Siena. Emilio Jiménez Aparicio, Abogado. Diego Manuel Luzón Peña, Catedrático de Derecho Penal de la Universidad de Alcalá de Henares. Fernando Martín Díz, Profesor Titular de Derecho Procesal de la Universidad de Salamanca. Elisa Pérez Vera, Catedrática de Derecho Internacional Privado de la UNED. Doctor Nuno Piçarra, Professor of EU Justice and Home Affairs Law de la Nova Universidad de Lisboa. Miguel Recuerda Girela, Profesor Titular de Derecho Administrativo de la Universidad de Granada. José Suay Rincón, Catedrático de Derecho Administrativo y Magistrado de la Sala de lo Contencioso Administrativo del Tribunal Supremo. Antonio Torres del Moral, Catedrático Emérito de Derecho Constitucional de la UNED. Lorenzo Martín-Retortillo Baquer, Catedrático de Derecho Administrativo de la Universidad Complutense. Miguel Herrero de Miñón Miguel Herrero de Miñón XXI ENSAYOS de Derecho Constitucional comparado de Derecho Constitucional comparado Ensayos XXI Boletín Oficial del Estado Centro de Estudios Políticos y Constitucionales Derecho Público XXI ENSAYOS de Derecho Constitucional comparado MIGUEL HERRERO DE MIÑÓN DERECHO PÚBLICO COLECCIÓN 12 AGENCIA ESTATAL BOLETÍN OFICIAL DEL ESTADO CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS POLÍTICOS Y CONSTITUCIONALES MADRID, 2020 Primera edición: noviembre de 2020 En sobrecubierta: Alegoría de la libertad, por Ponciano Ponzano, frontón del Congreso de los Diputados, Madrid. En contraportada: Pórtico del Congreso de los Diputados, león modelado por Ponciano Ponzano y fundido en Sevilla en 1872. En la página web de la Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado, www.boe.es, apartado de publicaciones, se incluyen las instrucciones para envío de originales, normas para su presentación y modelo de solicitud de publicación en esta colección que el autor deberá cumplimentar. La AEBOE no se solidariza con las opiniones sostenidas por los autores de los originales publicados. © Miguel Herrero de Miñón. © Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado. https://cpage.mpr.gob.es NIPO AEBOE: en papel: 090-20-216-6 en línea, PDF: 090-20-217-1 en línea ePUB: 090-20-218-7 NIPO CEPC: en papel: 091-20-086-X en línea, PDF: 091-20-087-5 en línea, ePUB: 091-20-088-0 ISBN: 978-84-340-2669-8 Depósito legal: M-27122-2020 IMPRENTA NACIONAL DE LA AGENCIA ESTATAL BOLETÍN OFICIAL DEL ESTADO Avenida de Manoteras, 54. 28050 Madrid ÍNDICE Páginas PRÓLOGO DEL AUTOR .............................................................................. 9 ORIGEN DE LOS TEXTOS ......................................................................... 13 1. Mi positivismo .................................................................................... 15 2. Constitucionalismo y nacionalismo .................................................... 21 3. La recepción: el elemento germánico en el moderno constitucionalis- mo español .......................................................................................... 27 4. Autoctonía ............................................................................................ 43 5. Tipología de la transición constitucional ............................................ 81 6. Sobre la mutación constitucional ........................................................ 95 7. Balance de un siglo de constitucionalismo ......................................... 105 8. Tres vidas de la Constitución aragonesa ............................................. 129 9. Un precedente del estado autoritario: la Polisinodia del Antiguo Régimen .... 145 10. El valor constitucional de identidad .................................................... 161 11. Las funciones del Jefe de Estado parlamentario ................................. 175 12. Monarquía y desarrollo democrático .................................................. 199 13. Territorio estatal y territorio colonial .................................................. 213 14. El territorio como espacio mítico ........................................................ 255 15. Preámbulos .......................................................................................... 275 16. Seis décadas después de la Declaración Universal de Derechos Humanos ............................................................................................. 287 17. El relieve constitucional de la identidad religiosa .............................. 303 18. ¿El Estado social amenazado por la Unión Europea? ......................... 337 19. Los derechos históricos ....................................................................... 359 20. El retorno del pactismo ....................................................................... 373 21. Los derechos entrañables .................................................................... 387 7 PRÓLOGO DEL AUTOR En este mes de junio cumplo 80 años y he dedicado muchos de ellos al estudio y la práctica del derecho constitucional. Esa rama del derecho que organiza el poder y garantiza la libertad. Es decir, establece quién manda, hasta dónde se manda, e incluso para qué se manda. Es en ese marco en el que en el estado constitucional se plantean las opciones y se toman las decisiones polí- ticas que el derecho no puede ni debe sustituir sino condicionar, marcando formas y límites y estableciendo metas. Jaime Guasp, de quien tanto aprendí, señalaba dos funciones en el dere- cho: la conservación social que requiere la paz y el progreso de la sociedad que demanda la justicia. Así el derecho constitucional al proscribir la arbitrariedad y dar estabili- dad y orientación a la política contribuye a la conservación de la paz y la pro- moción de la justicia y a evitar que la acción política sea fútil como las ocurren- cias del iluminado de turno y lo fútil cuando de cosas serias se trata resulta fatal. En mi caso, ¿azar o vocación? Sin duda ambas nutridas por un halagüeño destino. Porque como jurista profesional al servicio del Estado, Letrado de su Consejo desde 1966 y desde el 2009 Consejero Permanente y durante más de tres lustros (1977-1993) político en activo, tuve la muy honrosa fortuna de con- tribuir, con dosis no escasa, a la transición política de España hacia la democra- cia coronada por la Monarquía. Ya preparándola doctrinalmente, ya instrumen- tándola técnicamente, ya participando en su culminación como uno de los ponentes de la Constitución de 1978 y autor de las normas electorales aún vigentes. Después, al hacer política siempre he recurrido a la argumentación jurídica y eso ha dignificado, en la medida en que se ha hecho, la vida parla- mentaria. Una tesis doctoral presentada en la Complutense en 1966 y publi- 9 ■ XXI ENSAYOS DE DERECHO CONSTITUCIONAL COMPARADO cada en 1971 con el título de Nacionalismo y Constitucionalismo, el Derecho Constitucional de los Estados Descolonizados (Tecnos 1971) me abrió al com- paratismo entendido no como mera yuxtaposición de resúmenes esquemáticos sino como el análisis textual de sus paralelismos, recíprocas influencias y del sentido de ellas. El Principio Monárquico, un estudio de la soberanía del Rey en las Leyes Fundamentales (Edicusa 1972) que sirvió de herramienta principa- lísima de la transición desde el estado autoritario a la democracia gobernante. Dos libros, Idea de los Derechos históricos (Austral 1991) y Derechos históricos y Constitución (Taurus 1998), glosas de la Disposición Adicional Primera de la Constitución de la que me precio en ser coautor y que ha servido y confío en que servirá para integrar aún más la plurinacionalidad estructural de la monar- quía española. El valor de la Constitución (Crítica 1993), recopilación de 25 estudios de exégesis constitucional del texto de 1978. Tras crear las institucio- nes era preciso contribuir a criarlas. Cádiz a contrapelo (Taurus 2014) y Tres conferencias sobre la reforma constitucional (Tirant
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