Phytotaxa 16: 1–36 (2011) ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ Article PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2011 Magnolia Press ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition)

New and a new combination of Brazilian

ELTON M.C. LEME1 & LUDOVIC J.C. KOLLMANN2 1 Herbarium Bradeanum, C. Postal 15005, CEP 20031-970, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 2Museu de Biologia Prof. Mello Leitão, Av. José Ruschi, 4, Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo, 29.650-000, . E-mail: [email protected]

Table of contents

Abstract ...... 1 Introduction ...... 1 Material & Methods ...... 2 A new combination for Ronnbergia brasiliensis ...... 2 subintegerrima (Philcox) Leme, comb. nov. (Fig. 1, A–B) ...... 3 New species ...... 3 Aechmea aiuruocensis Leme, sp. nov. (Figs. 1, C–E, 3, A–H) ...... 3 Aechmea altocaririensis Leme & L.Kollmann, sp. nov. (Figs. 2, A–B, 3, I–M) ...... 6 Aechmea limai Leme, sp. nov. (Figs. 2, C–E, 3, N–Q) ...... 9 Aechmea recurvipetala Leme & L.Kollmann, sp. nov. (Figs. 3, R–Z, 4, A–C) ...... 10 Identification key for species of the Aechmea conifera complex ...... 11 Dyckia kranziana Leme, sp. nov. (Figs. 4, D–F, 6, A–G) ...... 12 Hohenbergia loredanoana Leme & L.Kollmann, sp. nov. (Figs. 5, A–B, 6, H–N) ...... 14 Neoregelia dactyloflammans Leme & L.Kollmann, sp. nov. (Figs. 5, C-D, 6, O-S) ...... 17 minutiflora Leme, sp. nov. (Figs. 8, C–D, 9, O–S) ...... 22 Vriesea nubicola Leme, sp. nov. (Figs. 10, A–B, 11, A–F) ...... 26 Vriesea pulchra Leme & L.Kollmann, sp. nov. (Figs. 10, C–D, 11, G–K) ...... 29 Vriesea santaleopoldinensis Leme & L.Kollmann, sp. nov. (Figs. 12, A–B, 13, A–F) ...... 30 Vriesea serranegrensis Leme, sp. nov. (Figs. 12, C–D, 13, G–K) ...... 33 Acknowledgments ...... 34 References ...... 34

Abstract

We here propose Aechmea subintegerrima as a new combination for Ronnbergia brasiliensis, a taxon belonging to the Aechmea lingulata complex. Additionally, we describe and illustrate 14 new Bromeliaceae species from the Brazilian states of , Espírito Santo, Mato Grosso, and Rio de Janeiro: Aechmea aiuruocensis, A. altocaririensis, A. limai, A. recurvipetala, Dyckia kranziana, Hohenbergia loredanoana, Neoregelia dactyloflammans, N. retrorsa, Orthophytum rafaelii, Vriesea minutiflora, V. nubicola, V. pu lch ra, V. santaleopoldinensis, and V. serranegrensis. The morphological affinities of the new taxa are also discussed.

Introduction

The family Bromeliaceae is an early diverging lineage in the order , a large order including about one third of the (ca. 20,000 spp.; APG 2003, Linder & Rudall 2005, APG III 2009). Classically

Accepted by E. Gouda: 6 Jan. 2011; published: 4 Feb. 2011 1 the family has been divided into three subfamilies: , and . A recent molecular phylogenetic study suggests that Bromeliaceae should be divided into eight monophyletic subfamilies, adding five new subfamilies: Brocchinioideae, Hechtioideae, Lindmanioideae, Navioideae and Puyoideae (Givnish et al. 2007) in addition to the three mentioned above. The family counts 58 genera and 3,172 species (Luther 2008) and is restricted to the Neotropics with one exception: feliciana (A.Chev.) Harms & Mildbr. from West Africa (Smith & Downs 1974, Jacques-Félix 2000). The study presented here is the result of continuous collecting efforts in the biome, as well as in the Campos Rupestre domain in the Brazilian states of Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais and Bahia (e.g. Leme 2010, Leme & Fontana 2010, Leme & Kollmann 2010, Leme et al. 2010a, 2010b, 2010c, Louzada & Wanderley 2010) revealing new and thus far poorly known species in Bromeliaceae.

Material & Methods

Collecting sites were selected with the specific goal to locating areas of Bromeliaceae diversity. The descriptions and illustrations presented here are based on live fertile material using a stereomicroscope, before processing of the specimens. Descriptive terminology follows Smith & Downs (1974, 1977, 1979), with a few adaptations following Scharf & Gouda (2008). Voucher specimens were pressed and dried following conventional methods and deposited in RB, HB and MBML (acronyms follow Index Herbariorum: http:// sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/). Living specimens were grown at the Refúgio dos Gravatás, in Teresópolis, Rio de Janeiro by the first author, following the guidelines recommended by the Convention on Biological Diversity for ex situ conservation.

A new combination for Ronnbergia brasiliensis

The complex of species headed by Aechmea lingulata (L.) Baker (1879: 164) was identified and revised by Leme & Siqueira-Filho (2006) during studies of the Bromeliaceae of northeastern Brazil. This complex is characterized by small to large sized with simple spicate to branched paniculate inflorescences. The floral bracts are inconspicuous, not enveloping the ovary base and usually with an spinescent apex (at least the basal ones). Flowers are small (10–28 mm long with extended petals) and subdensely to densely arranged along a comparatively slender and elongate axis. The sepals are distinctly asymmetric, nearly free to shortly connate at the base, and bearing at the apex an acicular mucro of 1.0–3.5 mm long, while the appendaged or naked petals are usually white, or sometimes lilac near the apex, being suberect to spreading-recurved at anthesis. The pollen grains are broadly ellipdoid to nearly globose, biporate with small apertures, exine reticulate with lumina rounded or nearly so, except for A. bicolor Smith (1955: 12), which has psillate pollen grains (unpublished data). The Aechmea lingulata complex is composed by 19 species of similar morphology (including the new taxa presented below) with its geographic distribution concentrated in the northeastern states of Brazil, except for A. patentissima (Mart. ex Schult. & Schult.f.) Baker (1879: 227), ocurring from the southeastern states of Rio de Janeiro and Epírito Santo to , A. burlemarxii E.Pereira (1979: 307), found in Minas Gerais and Bahia, and A. lingulata with an Amazonian distribution that extends to the Greater Antilles and . Bahia contains 89% of the species in the A. lingulata complex (i.e., 17 spp.), most of them small to medium sized with 14 species endemic to that state. When Ronnbergia brasiliensis Pereira & Penna (1985: 1) was described, most members of the A. lingulata complex (58%) had not yet been discovered, all having been described after 1998. When R. brasiliensis was established, petal appendages were an important character in generic circumscription of Bromeliaceae and the presence of these structures was mandatory in assigning any taxon to Aechmea Ruiz & Pav., while Ronnbergia E.Morren & André has naked petals. This explains why R. brasiliensis was not

2 • Phytotaxa 16 © 2011 Magnolia Press LEME & KOLLMANN initially placed in Aechmea, thus, being the first Brazilian species assigned to Ronnbergia. However, its geographic distribution, habit, leaf and floral morphology are in perfect accordance with the features shared by the species of the A. lingulata complex. In addition, a recent study of Ronnbergia, using both morphological and molecular data revelead that R. brasiliensis is not related to the other species of the , forming a statistically highly supported clade (Santoro 2009) together with A. lingulata and A. turbinocalyx Mez (1892: 359). All evidence, including a new Aechmea species described below that is morphologically similar, supports transfering R. brasiliensis to the genus Aechmea. However, a new combination under Aechmea based on the basionym R. brasiliensis is not possible due to the earlier A. brasiliensis Regel (1885: 258), currently considered to be a synonym of A. distichantha Lemaire (1853: pl.269). The next available synonym for this species, Streptocalyx laxiflorus Philcox (1992a: 263) can also not be transferred, because it is illegitimate as a later homonym of Streptocalyx laxiflora Baker (1889: 81), and because of the earlier binomials A. laxiflora (Baker) Mez (1892: 335), currently a synonym of A. blanchetiana (Baker) L.B.Sm. (1955: 13), and A. laxiflora Bentham (1846: 173), a synonym of A. bracteata var. pacifica Beutelspacher (1971: 44). Therefore the basionym to be used is Streptocalyx subintegerrimus Philcox (1992b: 544), a name proposed to substitute the illegitimate S. laxiflora Philcox. Therefore, the new combination for R. brasiliensis is as follows:

Aechmea subintegerrima (Philcox) Leme, comb. nov. (Fig. 1, A–B)

Basionym: Streptocalyx subintegerrimus Philcox (1992b: 544), nom. nov. pro Streptocalyx laxiflorus Philcox (1992a: 263), as “laxiflora”, nom. illeg, non Streptocalyx laxiflorus Baker (1889: 81). Type: BRAZIL. Bahia: 13 km N along the road from Una to Ilhéus, 23 January 1977, Storr 46 (holotype CEPEC, isotype K). Synonym: Ronnbergia brasiliensis Pereira & Penna (1985: 1). Type: BRAZIL. Bahia: Ilhéus, 20 July 1982, Leme 271 (holotype HB). Paratype: BRAZIL. Bahia: Ilhéus, road Olivença to Vila Brasil, 20 July 1982, Carvalho 1349 (CEPEC).

New species

Aechmea aiuruocensis Leme, sp. nov. (Figs. 1, C–E, 3, A–H)

Species nova ab Aechmea phanerophlebia, cui affinis, inflorescentia basi latiora, apicem versus simplicissima, bracteis scapalibus suberectis haud imbricatis, floribus ramulorum plus numerosis, sepalis longioribus leviter asymmetricis denseque glandulosis, appendicis petalorum brevioribus cuneatis truncatisque et ovario glanduloso differt.

Type :—BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Aiuruoca, Parque Estadual da Serra do Papagaio, Trilha do Fogão para o Pico do Papagaio, 22º 02.01’ S, 44º 39.50’ W, 1755 m, 11 March 2010, Leme 8113 (holotype RB, isotype HB).

Plants terrestrial, rupicolous or sometimes epiphytic, 90–110 cm tall when flowering. Leaves ca. 30, rosulate, suberect, coriaceous, forming a broad funnelform rosette; sheaths ovate, 19–27 × 14–16 cm, reddish-purple on both sides and toward the apex but mainly adaxially, paler colored near the base, densely white lepidote on both sides; blades linear, not narrowed toward the base, 45–70 × 5.5–7.0 cm, green to reddish toward the apex when exposed to full sun, densely white lepidote abaxially, adaxially densely and inconspicuously white lepidote with trichomes forming a membrane, apex triangular then cuspidate, margins densely spinose; spines dark brown, narrowly triangular, flat, the basal ones 2–4 × 1-2 mm at the base, 1–7 mm apart, spreading to slightly retrorse, the upper ones 0.5–2.0 × 0.5–1.5 mm at the base, 2–8 mm apart, antrorse. Peduncle erect, 45–50 cm long, ca. 2.0–2.5 cm in diameter, rose at anthesis to wine colored afterwards, subdensely and inconspicuously white lepidote but soon glabrous, trichomes fimbriate; peduncle bracts narrowly lanceolate, acute and slenderly apiculate to acuminate, 10–27 × 3.5–6.5 cm, erect, nerved, sparsely to subdensely and inconspicuously white lepidote to glabrescent, distinctly exceeding the internodes and enfolding the peduncle

BRAZILIAN BROMELIACEA Phytotaxa 16 © 2011 Magnolia Press • 3 FIGURE 1. A–B. Aechmea subintegerrima (Leme 271) . A. Inflorescence. B. Floral details. C–E. Aechmea aiuruocensis (Leme 8113 ). C. Habit. D. Inflorescence. E. Floral details.

4 • Phytotaxa 16 © 2011 Magnolia Press LEME & KOLLMANN at its base, but not imbricate, thin in texture, distinctly nerved, rose, the basal ones spinulose at the apex, the upper ones entire. Inflorescence narrowly subpyramidal, once-branched to rarely and inconspicuously twice- branched in the basal half, simple in the apical half, distinctly shorter than to exceeding the leaves, erect, with a “soap-like” fragrance (fragrance not restricted to the flowers), the fertile part 18–23 cm long, 8–10 cm in diameter at base; rachis ca. 2 cm in diameter at the base and ca. 0.5 cm in diameter at the apex, straight, subdensely white lepidote to glabrescent, terete, rose at anthesis to wine colored afterwards; the simple part of the inflorescence densely spicate, with a narrow conelike shape, 10–15 cm long, 4.5–5.0 cm in diameter at the base (excluding the petals), ca. 2.5 cm in diameter at the apex (excluding the petals), bearing 80–100 flowers densely and polystichously arranged; primary bracts ovate-triangular, acuminate, entire, distinctly nerved, glabrous, rose, membranaceous, subspreading to suberect with upwardly curved apex, 2–4 × 1.1–1.8 cm, distinctly shorter than the branches, basal margins sometimes undulate; primary branches 20–25 in number, polystichously and densely arranged, subspreading to suberect, 4.5–6.0 × 2.0–3.5 cm (excluding the petals), narrowly ovoid to subcylindric, subsessile, bearing 9–11 flowers that are densely and polystichously arranged, hiding the rachis at the beginning of the anthesis to subdensely arranged and exposing the rachis at the end of anthesis; rachis 2–4 mm in diameter, bearing inconspicuous and sparse glandulose trichomes, whitish-rose at the beginning of the anthesis to wine colored at the end of anthesis, slightly flexuous toward the apex; floral bracts ovate, acuminate-caudate, not pungent, 17–25 × 10–15 mm, partially enfolding the base of the flowers, suberect, thin in texture, entire, distinctly nerved, bearing inconspicuous and sparse glandular trichomes, rose, ecarinate but bearing a protruded central nerve toward the apex, the basal ones about equaling the sepals, the upper ones slightly to distinctly shorter than the sepals, basal margins sometimes undulate. Flowers 25–27 mm long (including the petals), odorless, suberect at anthesis, sessile; sepals ovate, slightly asymmetrical, rose, bearing inconspicuous and subdense glandular trichomes, ecarinate, free or nearly so, 13–14 × 5 mm, including the ca. 5 mm long, suberect to erect apical mucro; petals spatulate, obtuse-emarginate, slightly cucullate, ca. 16 × 7 mm, free, purple on their apical half and whitish toward the base, erect except for the slightly suberect apex, forming a tubular corolla, bearing at the base 2 cuneate, truncate, ca. 2 × 1.2 mm, crenulate appendages, without any callosities; filaments ca. 10 mm long, slightly complanate, not at all dilated toward the apex, whitish, the antesepalous ones free, the antepetalous ones basally adnate to the petals for ca. 4 mm; anthers ca. 5 mm long, dorsifixed slightly below the middle, white, base obtuse, apex inconspicuously apiculate; pollen broadly ellipsoid, biporate, exine reticulate, lumina subrounded, muri narrowed; stigma conduplicate-spiral, ovoid-capitate, purplish-white, ca. 2 mm long, margins shortly lacerate; ovary narrowly subclavate, subtrigonous to subquadrate, ca. 9 mm long, ca. 5 mm in diameter at the apex, rose to whitish toward the base, bearing inconspicuous and subdense glandular trichomes; epigynous tube funnelform, 1.0– 1.2 mm long; placentation central to apical; ovules long obtuse. Fruits unknown. Distribution and habitat:—Aechmea aiuruocensis is a conspicuous species in the Bromeliaceae community of the Atlantic forest that partially covers Serra do Papagaio, a mountain range situated in the State Park of the same name in Minas Gerais State. It is apparently endemic, living usually inside the forest, between 1,700 and 2,000 m, and thriving as a terrestrial or rupicolous, but sometimes it also assumes an epiphytic habit. At higher elevations, it was observed growing at the edge of the cloud forest in more exposed conditions and forming large dense groups of plants. The discovery of this new species is the result of a Bromeliaceae survey currently conducted in the State Park of Serra do Papagaio, with the support of the Instituto Estadual de Florestas (IEF) of Minas Gerais. Etymology:—The epithet refers to the county of Aiuruoca, Minas Gerais State, where this new taxon was discovered. Additional specimens examined (paratypes):––BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Aiuruoca, Parque Estadual da Serra do Papagaio, Trilha do Fogão para o Pico do Papagaio, 22º 02.52’ S, 44º 39.44’ W, 1850 m, 11 March 2010, Leme 8120 (RB, HB); Aiuruoca, Parque Estadual da Serra do Papagaio, Serra dos Garcia, proximidade da Pousada do Lado de Lá, início da trilha para o Pico do Bandeira, na borda da mata de galeria, 22º 02.50’ S, 44º 41.16’ W, 1925 m, 12 March 2010, Leme 8133 (RB, HB).

BRAZILIAN BROMELIACEA Phytotaxa 16 © 2011 Magnolia Press • 5 Observations:—Aechmea aiuruocensis is a member of subgenus Aechmea, closely related to A. phanerophlebia Baker (1889: 47). However, this new species differs from it by the inflorescence that is broader at its base (8–10 cm vs. until 6.5 cm in diameter) and simple at the apex (vs. once-branched troughout), the peduncle bracts suberect and not imbricate (vs. imbricate), flowers per branches more numerous (9 to 11 vs. 2 to 5 in number), the longer sepals (13–14 mm vs. ca. 10 mm long) slightly asymmetric (vs. strongly asymmetric with the lateral wing distinctly exceeding the apex and densely glandulose (vs. not glandulose), the shorter petals appendages (ca. 2 mm vs. 4.0–4.5 mm long) cuneate (vs. narrowly obovate) and truncate, and by the glandulose ovary (vs. densely white sublanate and not glandulose).

Aechmea altocaririensis Leme & L.Kollmann, sp. nov. (Figs. 2, A–B, 3, I–M)

Ab Aechmea subintegerrima, cui affinis, laminis foliorum latioribus apice nigrescentibus, floribus minoribus et sepalis virido-flavescentibus brevioribusque differt; a Aechmea andersoniana, cui similis, laminis foliorum latioribus apice nigrescentibus, inflorescentia longiora, floribus minoribus et petalis apicem versus lilacinis acuminatisque recedit.

Type :—BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: próximo a divisa com a Bahia, Santa Maria do Salto, distrito de Talismã, Parque Estadual do Alto Cariri, fazenda de Flozino Teixeira, 16º 23.16’ S, 40º 02.24’ W, 910 m, 24 March 2010, Leme 8217 (holotype RB, isotype HB).

Plants epiphytic or terrestrial, 60–70 cm tall when flowering, shortly stoloniferous. Leaves 12 to 16 in number, thinly coriaceous, suberect, forming a narrow funnelform rosette, shorter than to exceeding the inflorescence; sheaths narrowly oblong-ovate, 14–17 × 4.3–5.0 cm, inconspicuously white lepidote on both sides, nerved, purple adaxially and toward the apex, greenish abaxially; blades linear, the apex acuminate to triangular and apiculate, 25–85 × 2.0–3.2 cm, canaliculate and narrowed toward the base, bearing a U-shaped protruded central channel near the base, entire or remotely spinulose near the apex, inconspicuously and sparsely white lepidote on both sides, green to yellowish green or sometimes reddish, except for the blackish apex, finely nerved. Peduncle erect, slender, terete, 40–45 cm long, 0.4–0.6 cm in diameter, subdensely white sublanate to glabrescent, green; peduncle bracts linear-lanceolate, acuminate, 35–60 × 8–12 mm, membranaceous, erect, shorter than to exceeding the internodes, exposing the peduncle in most part, entire, pale green, nerved, inconspicuously white sublanate mainly toward the base. Inflorescence simple, dense, cylindric, 12–16 cm long, ca. 2.5 cm in diameter (excluding the petals), rachis green, subdensely and inconspicuously white sublanate, angled; floral bracts ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, acuminate-caudate, spreading with the flowers, membranaceous, pale yellowish-green, inconspicuously white sublanate near the base, entire, finely nerved, 8–23 × 2.5–4.5 mm, the lower ones equaling to exceeding the flowers, the upper ones shorter than the sepals. Flowers 60–90 in number, 15–16 mm long, sessile, polystichously arranged, spreading, odorless, anthesis diurnal; sepals ovate, 6–7 × 4.5 mm (including the apical mucro), strongly asymmetric, the lateral wing rounded, membranaceous, exceeding the apex (without mucro), bearing a suberect to spreading slender mucro 2–3 mm long at the apex, subfree, ecarinate, sparsely and inconspicuously white lepidote, yellowish-green; petals narrowly subspatulate, apex triangular and apiculate, 11–12 × 3 mm, free, without appendages, bearing 2 conspicuous longitudinal callosities ca. 6 mm above the base and equaling the filaments; the blade lilac, divergent and recurved at the apex at anthesis. Stamens included; filaments the antepetalous ones adnate to the petals at the base for ca. 4 mm, the antesepalous ones free; anthers linear-saggitate, apex acuminate, ca. 3 mm long, dorsifixed near the middle; pollen ellipsoid, biporate, pores small, exine reticulate, lumina subrounded, muri slightly thickened; stigma conduplicate- spiral, subcylindric, whitish-lilac, blades shortly lacerate-papillose, ca. 3 mm long; ovary broadly obconic, terete, ca. 5 mm long, ca. 4.5 mm in diameter at the apex, pale green; epigynous tube inconspicuous, ca. 0.5 mm long; placentation apical; ovules obtuse. Fruits unknown.

6 • Phytotaxa 16 © 2011 Magnolia Press LEME & KOLLMANN FIGURE 2. A–B. Aechmea altocaririensis (Leme 8217). A. Habit. B. Floral details. C–E. Aechmea limai (Leme 6307). C. Habit. D. Inflorescence. E. Floral details.

BRAZILIAN BROMELIACEA Phytotaxa 16 © 2011 Magnolia Press • 7 FIGURE 3. A–H. Aechmea aiuruocensis ( Leme 8113). A. Leaf blade apex. B. Basal margin of the leaf blade. C, D. Floral bracts. E. Flower. F, G. Sepals. H. Petal and stamens. I–M. Aechmea altocaririensis (Leme 8217). I. Leaf blade apex. J. Basal floral bract. K. Flower. L. Sepal. M. Petal. N–Q. Aechmea limai (Leme 6307). N. Leaf blade apex. O. Flower. P . Sepal. Q. Petal. R–Z. Aechmea recurvipetala Leme & L.Kollmann (Leme 8207). R. Leaf blade apex. S. Basal margin of the leaf blade. T . Floral bract. U . Flower without petals. V. Abaxial sepal. W. Adaxial sepal. Y. Corolla. X. Petal. Z. Longitudinal section of the ovary.

8 • Phytotaxa 16 © 2011 Magnolia Press LEME & KOLLMANN Distribution and habitat:—Aechmea altocaririensis was discovered inside the limits of the State Parque of Alto Cariri, situated in Minas Gerais state at the border with the state of Bahia. It grows as an understory epiphyte or straight on the forest floor in the bromeliad-rich, montane Atlantic Forest which covers the higher parts of the local mountains, at the elevation of ca. 900 m, forming small to medium-sized clumps. Discovery occurred during a Bromeliaceae survey within the park with the support of the Instituto Estadual de Florestas (IEF) of Minas Gerais. Aechmea altocaririensis shares its understory habitat with Aechmea alba Mez, procerum Lindm., (Vell.) Beer, V. longicaulis (Baker) Mez, and Tillandsia heubergeri R.Ehlers, to name a few species. Etymology:—The epithet refers to the State Park of Alto Cariri, where it was originally discovered. Additional specimens examined (paratypes):—BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: próximo a divisa com a Bahia, Santa Maria do Salto, distrito de Talismã, Parque Estadual do Alto Cariri, fazenda de Flozino Teixeira, 16º 23.16’ S, 40º 02.24’ W, 910 m, 24 March 2010, Leme 8224 (RB); Leme 8233 (RB); Leme 8237 (RB); Kollmann 11895 (MBML). Observations:—Aechmea altocaririensis is a member of the A. lingulata complex, being closely related to A. subintegerrima (Philcox) Leme. The morphological differences when compared to that species are: wider leaf blades (2.0–3.2 cm vs. ca. 1.2 cm wide) with blackish apices (vs. apex color not distinct from the color of the rest of the blades), smaller flowers (15–16 mm vs. ca. 20 mm long) and sepals yellowish-green (vs. purple) that are shorter (6–7 mm vs. ca. 9 mm long). Using the identification key provided by Leme & Siqueira-Filho (2006) for the species in the A. lingulata complex, this new species keys out as A. andersoniana Leme & Luther (2003: 3), but it differs from it by the broader leaf blades (2.0-3.2 cm vs. 1.4– 1.7 cm wide) with blackish apices (vs. apex color not distinct from the rest of the blades), longer inflorescences (12–16 cm vs. 5.5–7.0 cm long) with smaller flowers (15–16 mm vs. ca. 20 mm long), and by the petal being lilac (vs. white) with an acuminate apex (vs. apex acute to subacute).

Aechmea limai Leme, sp. nov. (Figs. 2, C–E, 3, N–Q)

Ab Aechmea andersoniana, cui affinis, laminis foliorum integris, internis latioribus, inflorescentiae rachide glabra, sepalis viridibus sed apicem versus albescentibus, petalis per anthesin recurvato-patentibus et ovario viridi differt.

Type:—BRAZIL. Bahia: Ituberá, Fazenda Michelin, Sapucaia, Mata do Pacangê, May 2004, Lima s.n., fl. cult. March 2010, Leme 6307 (holotype RB).

Plants epiphytic, shortly stoloniferous. Leaves ca. 11 in number, thin in texture, suberect, forming a narrow funnelform rosette, exceeding the inflorescence; sheaths elliptic-obovate, 7–8 × 4.0–5.5 cm, inconspicuously white lepidote on both sides, nerved, wine colored adaxially toward the base, greenish abaxially; blades linear, narrowly acute and apiculate to acuminate-caudate, 22–35 × 1.5–2.8 cm, canaliculate mainly toward the base, entire, inconspicuously white lepidote on both sides, green, distinctly nerved mainly abaxially. Peduncle erect, slender, ca. 17 cm long, ca. 0.3 cm in diameter, subdensely white sublanate when young; peduncle bracts linear-lanceolate, acuminate, 30–35 × 6 mm, membranaceous, erect, exceeding the internodes, exposing the peduncle in most part, entire, pale green, nerved, inconspicuously white sublanate. Inflorescences simple, subdense to dense, subcylindric, 4.5–5.0 cm long, ca. 2.3 cm in diameter, rachis green, glabrous, slightly sub- angular; floral bracts ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, acuminate-caudate, membranaceous, pale greenish, sparsely lepidote to glabrous, entire, finely nerved, 5–17 × 2.5–4.0 mm, the lower ones slightly exceeding the ovary to equaling the sepals, the upper ones about equaling the ovary. Flowers ca. 25 in number, 19–20 mm long, sessile, polystichously arranged, divergent, odorless, anthesis diurnal; sepals obovate, ca. 7 × 5.5 mm, strongly asymmetrical, the lateral wing rounded, membranaceous, exceeding the apex, bearing at the apex a slender mucro ca. 1 mm long, connate for 1.5–2.0 mm, ecarinate, glabrous, green at the base and whitish

BRAZILIAN BROMELIACEA Phytotaxa 16 © 2011 Magnolia Press • 9 toward the apex; petals narrowly subspatulate, acute and minutely apiculate, spreading-recurved at anthesis, 15 × 3.0–3.5 mm, free, white, without appendages, bearing 2 conspicuous longitudinal callosities about equaling the filaments. Stamens included; filaments the antepetalous ones adnate to the petals at the base for ca. 7 mm, the antesepalous ones free; anthers linear-saggitate, apex acuminate, slightly recurved, ca. 3 mm long, dorsifixed near the middle; pollen broadly ellipsoid, biporate, pores small, exine reticulate, lumina subpolygonal, muri slightly thickened; stigma conduplicate-spiral, subcylindric, green, blades shortly lacerate, ca. 3.5 mm long; ovary broadly obconic, terete, ca. 5 mm long, ca. 5 mm in diameter at the apex, green; epigynous tube inconspicuous, ca. 1 mm long; placentation apical; ovules obtuse. Fruits unknown. Distribution and habitat:—Aechmea limai is known from the type locality only, where it was found as an understory dweller in the marshy lowland Atlantic Forest. It grows as an epiphyte in an area penetrated by many streams, which is also the specific habitat of the endemic, critically endangered bird, the Bahia Tapaculo (Eleoscytalopus psychopompus). Etymology:—This species is named in honor of its its collector, Pedro Lima, a Brazilian ornithologist and conservation activist, for his valuable contributions to the biological knowledge of the Atlantic Forest of Bahia. Observations:— Aechmea limai represents another delicate new species from the hygrophilous Atlantic Forest of the State of Bahia. It belongs to a group of A. lingulata complex species small in size and with simple or shortly branched inflorescences (A. amorimii Leme, A. andersoniana Leme & H.Luther, A. bicolor L.B.Sm., A. canaliculata Leme & H.Luther, A. laevigata Leme, A. viridostigma Leme & H.Luther, see Leme & Siqueira-Filho 2006. According to the key provided by Leme & Siqueira-Filho (2006), this new species comes close to A. andersoniana, but differs from it by the entire leaf blades (vs. spinulose toward the apex), the inner leaves broader (2.5–2.8 cm vs. 1.4–1.7 cm wide), inflorescence with a glabrous rachis (vs. rachis subdensely white sublanate), green sepals with whitish apex (vs. yellow), petals spreading-recurved at anthesis (vs. suberect), and by the green ovary (vs. yellow).

Aechmea recurvipetala Leme & L.Kollmann, sp. nov. (Figs. 3, R–Z, 4, A–C)

A Aechmea heterosepala, cui affinis, bracteis floriferis erectis et distincte imbricatis, haud utriculatis, sepalis brevioribus apice mucronatis et petalis anguste ovatis, brevioribus, prope apicem spiraliter recurvatis differt.

Type :—BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: próx. divisa com Bahia, Santa Maria do Salto, distrito de Talismã, Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural da Fazenda Duas Barras, divisa com P. E. do Alto Cariri, 16º 24.06’ S, 40º 03.43’ W, 920 m, 23 March 2010, Leme 8207 (holotype RB, isotype HB).

Plant epiphytic, flowering ca. 40 cm tall. Leaves ca. 20 in number, strongly coriaceous, distinctly exceeding the inflorescence, forming a broadly crateriform rosette; sheaths narrowly ovate, ca. 30 × 15 cm, dark castaneous toward the base, densely brown lepidote on both sides; blades sublinear, acuminate and terminating in a stout, rigid spine ca. 1.5 cm long, not narrowed toward the base, 90–170 × 10–14 cm, densely and inconspicuously white lepidote, margins densely spinose, spines triangular, blackish, 1–3 × 1–2 mm at the base, 1–6 mm apart, mostly antrorse. Peduncle erect, ca. 30 cm long, 2.0–2.5 cm in diameter, exceeding the leaf sheaths, densely lepidote, blackish; peduncle bracts the basal ones subfoliaceous, densely spinose, the upper ones narrowly subtriangular-lanceolate, narrowly acuminate, terminating in a dark, pungent, stout spine, strongly coriaceous, erect, distinctly exceeding the internodes and completely concealing the peduncle, dark colored, densely white lepidote, nerved, densely spinose toward the apex, not involucral. Inflorescence simple, dense, strobilate, globose at early anthesis to ellipsoid-ovate at late anthesis, erect, 8–13 cm long, 6–7 cm in diameter, apex subrounded and bearing an inconspicuous coma of short apparently sterile bracts, at late anthesis bearing matured fruits at the base and flowers at the apex; floral bracts broadly ovate to suborbicular, 40–45 × 33–37 mm, apex broadly acute and terminating in a narrowly triangular rigid spine ca. 5 × 4 mm, entire, erect and strongly imbricate, slightly convex, not forming any pouches around the flower, concealing

10 • Phytotaxa 16 © 2011 Magnolia Press LEME & KOLLMANN the basal 4/5 of the flower length, densely white lepidote toward the apex mainly abaxially, stiff coriaceous, ecarinate, nerved, lustrous outside, dark castaneous at its basal 3/4, and green at its apical 1/4, shorter than the sepals. Flowers 80–120 in number, ca. 46 mm long, sessile, densely polystichously arranged, strongly dorsiventrally compressed, odorless, anthesis diurnal; calyx strongly complanate, 17–18 mm wide near the base; sepals suboblong, asymmetrical, coriaceous, densely and inconspicuously white lepidote toward the apex, lustrous toward the base, nerved mainly along the margins, the basal 1/2 dark castaneous, the apical 1/2 green, free, the adaxial ones 22–23 × 8 mm, cymbiform, sharply alate-carinate with the entire keels decurrent on the ovary, apex mucronate, pungent; the abaxial sepal slightly shorter than the adaxial ones and partially enclosed by them, ca. 20 × 7 mm, ecarinate, apex mucronate; petals narrowly ovate, apex subacute, strongly spirally-recurved at anthesis, white, 21–23 × 5 mm, about equaling the sepals, connate at the base for 7–8 mm, unappendaged, bearing 2 conspicuous longitudinal callosities equaling the base of the free portion of the filaments. Stamens included but the anthers partially exposed at anthesis by the spirally-recurved apical portion of the petals; filaments the free portion terete, not at all dilatated toward the apex, the antepetalous ones adnate to the petals for 9–11 mm, the antesepalous ones adnate to the petal tube only and free above it; anthers linear-sagittate, apex acuminate, 12–13 mm long, dorsifixed at 1/3 of their length above the middle; pollen globose, inconspicuously biporate, exine reticulate, lumina subrounded, muri narrowed; stigma conduplicate-spiral, capitate, white, blades, margins of its lobes long fimbriate-lacerate; ovary broadly obovate, strongly complanate, 23–24 × 16–18 mm, white toward the base and castaneous near the apex, glabrous; ovules long caudate; epigynous tube crateriform, 8 × 5–6 mm. Fruits not noticeably enlarged from the ovary. Distribution and habitat:—Aechmea recurvipetala was originally discovered in the region of Parque Estadual do Alto Cariri, situated in Minas Gerais state, at the border with Bahia, more precisely in the Fazenda Duas Barras private reserve (Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural da Fazenda Duas Barras). It is a large sized species that grows exclusively on large canopy trees of the Atlantic Forest, at about 900 m elevation, being very difficult to be observed when in bloom due its comparative inconspicuous inflorescences that are not held much above the leaf rosette. The presence of blooming specimens was only detected after observing hummingbirds repeatedly visiting some leaf rosettes, thus attracting our attention to these specimens, which made us notice the flowers. Etymology:—The epithet 'recurvipetala' highlights its distinctly spirally recurved petals at anthesis, which is a distinctive characteristic in comparision to other species of the A. conifera-complex. Additional specimen examined (paratype):—BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: próximo a divisa com a Bahia, Santa Maria do Salto, distrito de Talismã, Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural da Fazenda Duas Barras, divisa com P. E. do Alto Cariri, 16º 24.80’ S, 40º 03.21’ W, 841 m, 23 March 2010, Leme 8192 (RB, HB). Observations:—Aechmea recurvipetala was found during a Bromeliaceae survey conducted in Alto Cariri State Park with the support of the Instituto Estadual de Florestas (IEF) of Minas Gerais. It is a member of Aechmea subgenus Chevaliera (Gaudich. ex Beer) Baker, and belongs to the A. conifera species complex. The closest relative is A. heterosepala Leme (2010: 131), from which the new species differs by its erect floral bracts (vs. suberect), which are distinctly imbricate (vs. not imbricate toward the apex), not forming any pouches around the flowers (vs. forming a distinct utricle around the flowers); shorter sepals (22–23 mm vs. 29–30 mm long) with a mucronate apex (vs. apex long subulate-cuspidate), and by the narrowly ovate petals (vs. narrowly spatulate), which are shorter (21–23 mm vs. 32–35 mm) and strongly spirally recurved at anthesis (vs. erect). Since the identification of the species of the A. conifera complex can be a difficult task due to a similar general appearance of the species, an idenfitication key is presented below.

Identification key for species of the Aechmea conifera complex

1a. Inflorescence 20–30 cm long; flowers 65–75 mm long; ovary 30–36 mm long.

BRAZILIAN BROMELIACEA Phytotaxa 16 © 2011 Magnolia Press • 11 2a. Floral bracts 55–60 mm wide, broadly ovate to suborbicular, apex broadly acute to obtuse and terminating in a tri- angular point; flowers ca. 65 mm long; sepals long subulate-cuspidate...... A. conifera L.B.Sm. 2b . Floral bracts ca. 45 mm wide, ovate, apex acuminate; flowers 70–75 mm long; sepals acuminate then ending in a minute mucro ...... A. serragrandensis Leme & J.A.Siqueira 1b. Inflorescence 8–15 cm long; flowers 46–50 mm long; ovary 15–24 mm long. 3a. Floral bracts erect and densely imbricate, not forming any pouches around the flowers; sepals 22–23 mm long, apex mucronate; petals narrowly ovate, 21–23 mm long, spirally recurved at anthesis; style shorter than the petal tube; anthers 12–13 mm long...... A. recurvipetala Leme & L.Kollmann 3b. Floral bracts suberect, distinctly U-shaped canaliculate toward the apex, forming a distinct pouches around the flow- ers; sepals 29–30 mm long, apex long subulate-cuspidate; petals narrowly spatulate, 32–35 mm long, erect at anthe- sis; style distinctly exceeding the petal tube; anthers 7–8 mm long ...... A. heterosepala Leme

Dyckia kranziana Leme, sp. nov. (Figs. 4, D–F, 6, A–G)

Species nova a Dyckia velascana, cui affinis, laminis foliorum marginibus spinis leviter retrorso-curvatis, inflorescentia apice abrupte subpatente, bracteis floriferis suberectis longioribusque et sepalis haud mucronulatis, totaliter dense albolanatis differt; a D. tomentella, cui similis, inflorescentia perdense florida et apice abrupte subpatente, bracteis floriferis erectis et petalis aurantiacis differt; a D. beateae, affinis, laminis foliorum spinis brevioribus, inflorescentia apice abrupte subpatente, ramulis primariis stipitatis, sepalis perdense albolanatis, staminibus manifeste exsertis recedit.

Type:—BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: Rondonópolis, Serra Petrovina, BR 364, km 44 a leste da Pedra Preta, próximo a rodovia, 16º 48’ 02.58” S, 54º 10’ 09.82 W, ca. 500 m, 28 April 2006, Kranz 122, fl. cult. Leme 6826 (holotype RB, isotype HB).

Plant terrestrial or rupicolous, flowering ca. 85 cm high, propagating by basal shoots. Leaves ca. 12 in number, densely rosulate, stiff coriaceous, slightly succulent; sheaths inconspicuous; blades narrowly triangular, attenuate and strongly canaliculate toward the apex, suberect-arcuate, 29–32 × 2.0–3.5 cm at base, ca. 3.5 mm thick near the base, green, opaque, abaxially finely nerved, densely and inconspicuously white lepidote with trichomes arranged along the nerves and not at all obscuring the leaf color, adaxially subdensely white lepidote with trichomes inconspicuously arranged along the nerves, abaxial and abaxial surfaces slightly if at all contrasting in color, apex acuminate, terminating in a pungent spine, margins inconspicuously lepidote to glabrous, subdensely to laxly spinose; spines 2.5–5.0 × 1–2 mm at the base, 6–15 mm apart, narrowly triangular, complanate, subdensely white lepidote at the base, castaneous at the apex, straight to slightly retrorse. Peduncle lateral, erect, ca. 65 cm long, 0.4–0.6 cm in diameter, sparsely white lanate to glabrous mainly toward the base, green; peduncle bracts inconspicuously white lepidote to glabrous, nerved, the basal ones with a membranaceous, subtriangular-ovate base and a long sublinear blade, acuminate and spinescent, green, strongly canaliculate toward the apex and appearing carinate, exceeding to shorter than the internodes, margins laxly spinulose, spines ca. 0.3 mm long; the upper ones ovate, long acuminate-caudate, stramineous at anthesis, erect, 18–25 × 10–12 mm, inconspicuously and densely denticulate-crenulate, distinctly shorter than the internodes, carinate toward the apex. Inflorescence simple or sometimes compound by the late development of dormant buds 10–30 cm long; primary bracts narrowly lanceolate, acuminate- caudate, white lepidote, nerved, equaling to shorter than the stipes of the branches; primary branches ca. 3 in number, laxly arranged, 3–6 cm long, spicate, bearing 5–11 densely arranged flowers, stipes distinct, 1.5–2.7 × 0.3 cm, subterate, green, densely white lanate; terminal branch abruptly subspreading and forming an angle with the erect peduncle, spicate, 10–12 cm long, 2.0–2.5 cm in diameter, rachis 3–4 mm in diameter, nearly straight, terete, greenish to pale orange, densely white lanate; floral bracts ovate, acuminate, distinctly nerved, stramineous at anthesis, contiguous with the flowers, equaling the petals (basal ones) to slightly shorter than the sepals (upper ones), white lepidote mainly the upper ones with lacerate-fimbriate trichomes, margins remotely denticulate-crenulate to entire, 7–15 × 6–8 mm. Flowers densely and polystichously arranged, ca. 38 in number, 13–14 mm long, suberect at anthesis, odorless; pedicels inconspicuous, pale orange, densely white

12 • Phytotaxa 16 © 2011 Magnolia Press LEME & KOLLMANN FIGURE 4. A–C. Aechmea recurvipetala . A. Inflorescence of the paratype (Leme 8192). B. Inflorescence of the holotype (Leme 8207 ). C . Floral details of the holotype (Leme 8207). D–F. Dyckia kranziana (Kranz 122). D . Habit. E. Inflorescence. F . Floral details.

BRAZILIAN BROMELIACEA Phytotaxa 16 © 2011 Magnolia Press • 13 lanate, ca. 2 mm long, ca. 4 mm in diameter at the apex; sepals broadly ovate, apex obtuse-emarginate, ecarinate, strongly convex, 6–7 × 6 mm, yellowish-orange, densely white lanate with trichomes obscuring the sepal color, margins entire but with sparsely unifilamentous trichomes; petals symmetric, broadly obovate- spathulate, apex obtuse-emarginate, connate at the base for ca. 1 mm in a common tube with the filaments, ca. 10 × 8.5 mm, ecarinate, orange, margins entire, glabrous, erect at anthesis and forming a slightly convergent corolla ca. 3.5 mm in diameter at the apex. Stamens equaling to slightly exceeding the petals by a fraction of the anthers; filaments complanate, connate for ca. 1 mm in a common tube with the petals, 7.5–8.0 × 1.5–2.0 mm, pale orange; anthers narrowly subtriangular-sagittate, ca. 3 mm long, recurved at anthesis, base sagittate, apex acuminate, fixed near the base; pistil ca. 6 mm long, distinctly shorter than the anthers; ovary narrowly suboblong, ca. 4 mm long; stigma conduplicate-spiral, blades ca. 1 mm long, orange, margins scalloped; style ca. 1 mm long, pale yellow. Capsules subglobose, broadly acute and shortly beaked, olivaceous-castaneous, lustrous, 15 × 11 mm; Seeds nearly orbicular, obtuse, strongly complanate, 4–5 × 3.5–4.5 mm. Distribution and habitat:—This species is known only from “cerrado” vegetation in the Serra da Petrovina, Mato Grosso, central Brazil, at an elevation of ca. 500 m, where it grows terrestrially or rupicolous in reddish soils or on rocky outcrops.. Plants occur solitary, or in groups of a few individuals, across its range. Etymology:—Dyckia kranziana honors its collector, the bromeliad (Dyckia-) grower Walter Kranz from Paraná state, who has introduced many unusual and new Dyckia species into cultivation. Observations:—Dyckia kranziana is similar to D. velascana Mez (1894: 476) from Argentina and D. tomentella Mez from Paraguay. When compared to D. velascana, this new species differs by the leaf blades with slightly retrorse curved marginal spines (vs. antrorse curved), inflorescence abruptly subspreading near the apex and forming a distinct angle with the erect peduncle (vs. erect or nearly so), floral bracts continuous with the flowers (vs. reflexed) and flowers longer (7–15 mm vs. ca. 5 mm long), and by the sepals without any apical mucro (vs. mucronulate) and completely covered by a dense layer of lanate trichomes (vs. ferruginous- puberulous at base only and glabrous toward the apex). Dyckia kranziana has similarities to D. tomentella Mez (1919: 69), but it can distinguished from that species by the abruptly subspreading inflorescence, forming a distinct angle with the erect peduncle (vs. erect or nearly so), bearing numerous and densely arranged flowers (vs. sublaxly and few-flowered), floral bracts contiguous with the flowers (vs. subspreading), and by the orange petals (vs. golden yellow). Of the Brazilian species, D. kranziana can be confused with D. beateae E.Gross & Rauh (1991:7), known from Araguainha, Mato Grosso. However, this new species can be distinguished from it by the distinctly shorter leaf spines (2.5–5.0 mm vs. 6–9 mm long), inflorescences abruptly subspreading near the apex and forming a distinct angle with the erect peduncle (vs. erect or nearly so), primary branches bearing well developed stipes (vs. sessile or nearly so), sepals densely white-lanate (vs. glabrescent at anthesis and afterwards), and by the stamens equaling to slightly exceeding the petals by a fraction of the anthers (vs. distinctly exceeding the petals with anthers completely exposed).

Hohenbergia loredanoana Leme & L.Kollmann, sp. nov. (Figs. 5, A–B, 6, H–N)

Species nova a Hohenbergia sandrae, cui affinis, fasciculis florum minoribus, bracteis floriferis glabris, sepalis distincte mucronulatis, petalis acutis, per anthesin suberectis, purpureis et stigmate purpureo crenulatoque differt.

Type:—BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: próximo a divisa com a Bahia, Santa Maria do Salto, distrito de Talismã, Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural da Fazenda Duas Barras, divisa com P. E. do Alto Cariri, 16º 24.80’ S, 49º 03.21’ W, 841 m, 23 March 2010, Leme 8193 (holotype RB, isotype HB).

Plant epiphytic, flowering ca. 150 cm tall. Leaves ca. 25 in number, coriaceous, forming a broadly crateriform rosette; sheaths elliptic, 18–19 × 12–13 cm, densely brown lepidote on both sides, dark castaneous toward the base, entire; blades linear, suberect-arcuate, 60–75 × 6–9 cm, densely and inconspicuously white lepidote on both sides but mainly abaxially with trichomes not obscuring the color of the blades, greenish-yellow toward

14 • Phytotaxa 16 © 2011 Magnolia Press LEME & KOLLMANN the apex and green toward the base except for the slightly dark red apex, apex acuminate and terminating in a long somewhat pungent point, margins densely and coarsely spinose toward the base; spines 2–5 × 1–2 mm, narrowly triangular, dark castaneous, prevailingly retrorse, 1–6 mm apart, subentire to entire toward the apex. Peduncle erect, stout, ca. 60 cm long, 1.2–1.5 cm in diameter, red, densely white lanate but soon glabrous; peduncle bracts narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, erect, 9–11 × 3.5–4.0 cm, exceeding the internodes, stramineous, nerved, white lanate at the base and glabrous toward the apex, entire. Inflorescence broadly subpyramidal, twice-branched, ca. 70 cm long, ca. 60 cm in diameter at the base, erect, rachis 0.5–1.0 cm in diameter, straight, red, sparsely white lanate but soon glabrous; primary bracts resembling the upper peduncle bracts, spreading, about equaling the stipes; primary branches ca. 8 in number (excluding the apical portion of the inflorescence which resembles a basal primary branch), spreading then ascending, the basal ones 25–40 cm long, distinctly stipitate, with stipes of 4–7 × 0.5–0.8 cm, slightly complate, red, sparsely white sublanate to glabrous, bearing 22 to 33 shortly stipitate to sessile secondary fascicles, the basal to median primary fascicles laxly arranged, 4–5 cm apart, the upper ones subdensely arranged, 0.5–2.0 cm apart, resembling the secondary fascicles, 1.5–8.0 cm long; secondary bracts narrowly subtriangular-lanceolate, acuminate-caudate, soon drying, 3.0–4.5 × 0.7–1.6 cm, shorter than the secondary fascicles, papyraceous, distinctly nerved, ecarinate, white sublanate to glabrous, spreading with the secondary branches; secondary fascicles subpyramidal to ovate, shortly stipitate to sessile, 1.5–2.5 × 0.8–1.8 cm, the basal ones bearing at the base 1 to 2 tertiary fascicles, the upper ones narrowly ellipsoid to subcylindrical, sessile, 1.0–1.5 × 0.8 cm (not including the petals), bearing 6 to 9 densely arranged flowers; tertiary bracts resembling the basal floral bracts, shorter than the fascicles; tertiary fascicles resembling the upper secondary fascicles but smaller, bearing 3 to 5 flowers densely arranged; floral bracts suborbicular, acute with a 1 mm long spinescent apex, erect to suberect, distinctly shorter than the sepals, 6–7 × 8–9 mm, including the 1 mm long apical spines, red, glabrous, lustrous, distinctly nerved, ecarinate, entire, strongly convex, thinly coriaceous. Flowers 14–15 mm long, sessile, densely and polystichously arranged, suberect, odorless; sepals distinctly asymmetric with the membranaceous lateral wing exceeding the apex 4.5–5.0 × 3.5 mm, including the 0.5 mm long apical mucro, subfree, glabrous, lustrous, red, ecarinate; petals spatulate, apex acute, 10–11 × 3.0–3.5 mm, free, purple, bearing 2 sublinear, dentate-digitate appendages ca. 2.5 mm above the base, without any callosities. Stamens included; filaments slightly complanate and dilated toward the apex, the antepetalous ones adnate to the petals for ca. 3 mm, the antesepalous ones free; anthers oblong-sagittate, apex apiculate, dorsifixed near the middle; stigma conduplicate-spiral, capitate, dark purple, margins crenulate; ovary subglobose, terete, ca. 3 mm long, ca. 4 mm in diameter, green, glabrous except for the inconspicuously pale lanate base; placentation apical; ovules long caudate; epigynous tube inconspicuous. Fruits unknown. Distribution and habitat:—This species is a epiphytic dweller of the hygrophilous Atlantic Forest, at about 700 to 900 m elevation, in one of the last forest fragments at the border between the states of Minas Gerais and Bahia, in Alto Cariri State Park and in the contiguous private reserve RPPN Fazenda Duas Barras. It was discovered during a Bromeliaceae survey in the park, supported by the Instituto Estadual de Florestas (IEF) of Minas Gerais. Etymology:—The epithet for this species honors the lawyer and conservationist Loredano Aleixo, from Porto Seguro, Bahia, the owner of, and person responsible for, the stablishment of the private reserve RPPN Fazenda Duas Barras. Observations:—Hohenbergia loredanoana is a species of ornamental value due to its bright red inflorescences that resemble H. sandrae Leme (2003:173) in structure and color. However, the species can be distinguished from it by the smaller fascicles (1.0–1.5 × 0.8 cm vs. 2.5–3.0 × 1.5 cm), glabrous floral bracts (vs. white lepidote except for the white lanate margins), distinctly mucronulate sepals (vs. muticous to minutely apiculate due to the procurrent midnerve), acute petals (vs. rounded to emarginate and slightly cucullate) which are purple (vs. lilac), and by the dark purple and crenulate stigma (vs. white and fimbriate.

BRAZILIAN BROMELIACEA Phytotaxa 16 © 2011 Magnolia Press • 15 FIGURE 5. A–B. Hohenbergia loredanoana (Leme 8193). A. Habit. B. Floral detail.D C–. Neoregelia dactyloflammans (Leme 7878). C . Habit. D. Floral details.

16 • Phytotaxa 16 © 2011 Magnolia Press LEME & KOLLMANN FIGURE 6. A–G. Dyckia kranziana (Kranz 122). A . Basal part of the leaf blade. B. Leaf blade apex. C. Basal peduncle bract. D. Floral bract. E. Flower. F. Sepal. G. Petal. H–N. Hohenbergia loredanoana (Leme 8193). H. Leaf blade apex. I. Basal margin of the leaf blade. J. Secondary fascicle. K . Floral bract. L. Flower. M. Sepal. N . Petal. O–S. Neoregelia dactyloflammans (Leme 7878). O . Leaf blade apex. P. Floral bract. Q. Flower. R. Sepal. S. Petal.

Neoregelia dactyloflammans Leme & L.Kollmann, sp. nov. (Figs. 5, C-D, 6, O-S)

A Neoregelia chlorosticta, cui similis, laminis foliorum haud maculatis, subtus albovittatis, apice manifeste abrupte flammeis et petalis longioribus differt; a N. simulans, cui verosimiliter, laminis foliorum apice abrupte flammeis, bracteis involucrantibus altitudinem sepalorum distincte brevioribus, bracteis floriferis brevioribus, atrorubris et petalis distincte longioribus, per anthesin suberectis recedit.

BRAZILIAN BROMELIACEA Phytotaxa 16 © 2011 Magnolia Press • 17 Type:—BRAZIL. Espírito Santo: Muqui, Fazenda Malabar, 6 June 2009, Leme 7878 (holotype RB, isotype MBML).

Plant rupicolous, propagating by suberect, 3–5 × 0.6–0.7 cm stolons. Leaves 12 to 15 in number, suberect before and at anthesis, forming at the base a narrow funnelform rosette; sheaths narrowly oblong-elliptic to narrowly ovate-elliptic, densely pale lepidote to white lepidote on both sides, whitish colored at the base and red-vinaceous toward the apex adaxially, coriaceous, 10–11 × 4.5–4.8 cm; blades sublinear, slightly narrowed toward the the base, 20–30 × 2.7–3.2 cm, inconspicuously white lepidote adaxially, with the trichomes not obscuring the blade color, abaxially densely white lepidote with the trichomes forming irregular narrow white crossbands, coriaceous, green to reddish mainly toward the base, apex acuminate bright red for 2.0–3.5 cm in a striking contrast to the green or reddish color of the blades, margins subdensely spinose near the apex (spines 3–7 mm apart), and laxly spinose toward the base (spines 10–15 mm apart), spines ca. 0.5 mm long, triangular, antrorse-uncinate. Peduncle ca. 5.5 cm long, ca. 1 cm in diameter, glabrous, white; peduncle bracts suborbicular, broadly acute to obtuse and apiculate, the basal ones spinulose near the apex, the upper ones entire, sparsely white lepidote toward the apex to glabrescent, thin in texture, nerved, white (basal ones) to red (upper ones), the upper ones slightly involucral, broadly oblong-ovate, obtuse and apiculate, 25–28 × 15–18 cm, to equaling the ovaries. Inflorescence subglobose-capitate or subcorymbose, simple, sunk in the center of the rosette but the sepals equaling the leaf sheaths, apex nearly flat, ca. 4 cm long (excluding the petals), ca. 3 cm in diameter at the apex, densely flowered; floral bracts the outer ones resembling the involucral bracts, the inner ones linear, ecarinate, apex obtuse to obtuse-emarginate and minutely apiculate, sometimes cuculate, remotely denticulate-crenulate near the apex to entire, sparsely and inconspicuously white lepidote to glabrous, membranaceous, nerved, dark red, 25–28 × 5–8 mm, reaching 2/5 to 1/2 of sepal length. Flowers ca. 22 in number, 55–60 mm long (with extended petals), odorless, pedicels 5–8 × 1.5–2.5 mm, slightly complanate, white, glabrous; sepals broadly obovate-elliptic, obtuse, strongly asymmetric with the lateral wing distinctly shorter than the apex, 15–16 × 11 mm, connate at the base for ca. 2.5 mm, entire, ecarinate, bright red, membranaceous, glabrous; petals narrowly subspathulate, acuminate, 39–40 × 6.5–7.0 mm, connate at the base for 16–17 mm, white except for the lilac-purple apical third, bearing 2 longitudinal callosities equaling the anthers apex; filaments the antepetalous ones adnate to the petals for ca. 18 mm, the antesepalous ones adnate to the petal tube and free above it; anthers sublinear, 4–5 mm long, dorsifixed at 1/3 of their length above the base, base obtuse, apex obtuse and minutely apiculate; pollen subglobose, biporate, pores small, exine reticulate, lumina polygonal, muri narrowed; stigma conduplicate-spiral, narrowly ellipsoid-subclindrical, white, margins lacerate; ovary subcylindrical, 11 × 5–6 mm in diameter, terete, white, glabrous; placentation median; ovules many, obtuse; epigynous tube infundibuliform ca. 2.5 mm long. Fruits known. Distribution and habitat:—Neoregelia dactyloflammans is known from the type locality only. It was found as a rupicole in the hygrophilous Atlantic Forest of the southern region of the state of Espírito Santo. Etymology:—The name chosen for N. dactyloflammans was inspired by the vivid red color of the apex of its leaves, reminding “flaming fingers”, so based on the Greek “dactylos” (= finger) and “flammans” (= shining like a flame). Observations:—Neoregelia dactyloflammans is similar to N. chlorosticta (Baker) L.B.Sm. (1964:486), differing from it by the leaf blades without spots, with white crossbands on the abaxial surface and having an abruptly bright red colored leaf apex, and by longer petals (39–40 mm vs. 24–33 mm long). On the other hand, based on the amended description of N. simulans L.B.Sm. (1967:187) provided by Pereira & Leme (1985), this new taxon appears to be similar to that species, but the distinguishing features are: leaf blades with an abruptly bright red colored apex (vs. apex with a red spot only), involucral bracts distinctly shorter than the sepals (vs. about equaling the sepal length), shorter floral bracts (25–28 mm vs. ca. 35 mm long), which are dark red (vs. green with red spots), and by the distinctly longer petals (39–40 mm vs. 27 mm long).

18 • Phytotaxa 16 © 2011 Magnolia Press LEME & KOLLMANN Neoregelia retrorsa Leme & L.Kollmann, sp. nov. (Figs. 7, A–D, 9, A–G)

A Neoregelia silvomontana, cui affinis, laminis foliorum inconspicue et sparse vel subdense albolepidotis, interne per anthesin apicem versus rubris, marginibus basalibus spinis retrorso-uncinatis, floribus pedicellis longioribus, petalis brevioribus altitudinem sepalorum aequantibus vel leviter superantibus et fructibus atrorubris differt.

Type :—BRAZIL. Espírito Santo: Água Doce do Norte, próximo a cidade, Morro da Torre, 18º 34.14’ S, 40º 59.17’ W, ca. 625 m, 27 April 2008, Leme 7371 (holotype RB, isotype MBML).

Plant terrestrial or rupicolous, propagating by basal shoots. Leaves 25–28, forming a broadly crateriform rosette; sheaths broadly elliptic, 17–21 × 15.0–16.5 cm, subdensely to densely pale-brown lepidote on both sides and mainly toward the base, greenish, nerved; blades lingulate, slightly if at all narrowed toward the base, 30–43 × 6.5–9.0 cm, inconspicuously and sparsely to subdensely white lepidote, nerved, green to yellowish and pale rose with darker green irregular spots before anthesis, at anthesis the inner ones becoming abruptly bright rose-red at the distal portion, apex acute to triangular and apiculate, apiculus 0.6–0.9 cm long, margins subdensely to sparsely spinose; spines 5–17 mm apart, dark castaneous-wine, the basal ones 4–9 × 3.5–6.0 mm, slightly to strongly retrorse-uncinate, the upper ones 2–3 × 2 mm, straight to antrorse-uncinate. Peduncle 3–5 cm long, 2.7–3.0 cm in diameter, greenish-white, glabrous; peduncle bracts broadly triangular (the basal ones) to broadly subtriangular-ovate or sub-orbicular (the upper ones), apex acute to rounded and apiculate, suberect, spinulose near the apex to entire, green except for the reddish apex, sparsely white lepidote mainly toward the apex, thin in texture, the upper ones somewhat involucral, 5–5.5 × 5.5–6.0 cm, about equaling the ovary to reaching 1/2 of the sepal length, distinctly longitudinally sulcate. Inflorescence broadly capitate, simple, umbellate, apex nearly flat, sunk in the center of the rosette, 7–8 cm long (excluding the petals), 8–10 cm in diameter, ca. 100-flowered; floral bracts narrowly ovate-lanceolate to sublinear- lanceolate, apex acute to acuminate and the outer ones strongly incurved, ecarinate or bearing a protruded central nerve and appearing carinate, 45–65 × 10–20 mm, entire to remotely crenulate at the apex, green, thin in texture, distinctly nerved and longitudinally sulcate, sparsely white lepidote, ecarinate, to nearly equaling the sepal length. Flowers 70–82 mm long, fragrance not detected, pedicels 15–30 × 3.5–7.0 mm, greenish- white, sparsely and inconspicuously pale brown lepidote to glabrous, the outer ones strongly complanate and dilated toward the base, the inner ones subterete; sepals asymmetric, narrowly lanceolate, 33–35 × 8–9 mm, suberect, the distal half not imbricate and distinctly apart from the corolla, apex long acuminate-caudate, connate at the base for ca. 2 mm, ecarinate, green, sparsely white lepidote to glabrous, thin in texture and with membranaceous margins; petals subspatulate, acute to acuminate, 35–37 × 7–8 mm, equaling to slightly exceeding the sepals, connate at the base for 12–17 mm, greenish except for the white apex, erect at anthesis, strongly spirally recoiled-incurved downwardly afterwards, bearing 2 conspicuous longitudinal callosities about equaling the filaments; filaments ca. 25 mm long, slightly complanate and dilated toward the apex, greenish-white, the antepetalous ones adnate to the petals for ca. 18 mm, the antesepalous ones adnate to the petals for the length of the petal tube; anthers linear-sagittate, 6–8 mm long, dorsifixed at 1/3 to 2/5 of its length above the base, apex acute and distinctly apiculate; pollen ellipsoidal, biporate, exine reticulate, lumina rounded, muri thickened; stigma ellipsoid-subcylindrical, conduplicate-spiral, ca. 2 mm in diameter, blades ca. 5 mm long, white, margins shortly crenulate-lacerate; ovary elliptic, ca. 15 × 8 mm, white to greenish, glabrous; placentation central-apical; ovules cylindraceous, obtuse; epigynous tube lacking. Fruits enlarged from the ovary, dark red. Distribution and habitat:—Neoregelia retrorsa is a large-sized species with ornamental value. It was discovered in the Atlantic Forest remnants on the top of mountains at 600 to 800 m elevation, situated in the north region of Espírito Santo state (Água Doce do Norte county) and in the southern part of Bahia state (Guaratinga county). It grows predominantly in the well-illuminated parts of the forest floor or sometimes as a rupicole inside the forest, usually forming large eye-catching group of plants. Etymology :—The epithet “retrorsa” refers to the retrorsely curved, uncinate basal spines of its leaf blades, which distinguishes it from other members of the N. pernambucana Leme & J.A.Siqueira complex.

BRAZILIAN BROMELIACEA Phytotaxa 16 © 2011 Magnolia Press • 19 FIGURE 7. A–D. Neoregelia retrorsa. A . Habit of the paratype (Leme 7769). B. Inflorescence of the holotype (Leme 7371). C . Infructescence of the holotype (Leme 7371). D. Habit of the holotype (Leme 7371).

20 • Phytotaxa 16 © 2011 Magnolia Press LEME & KOLLMANN Additional specimen examined (paratype):—BRAZIL. Bahia: Guaratinga, São João do Sul, Fazenda Estrela do Sul, 16º 41’ 46.2” S, 39º 58’ 59.5” W, 777 m, 21 April 2009, Leme 7769 (RB, MBML); Espírito Santo: Água Doce do Norte, Pedra da Torre, 18º 34.14’ S, 40º 59.17’ W, ca. 625 m, 27 April 2008, Kollmann 10960 (MBML). Observations:—Neoregelia retrorsa is a member of the N. pernambucana-complex, which is characterized by its ornate, large-sized and broad-leafed species, occurring in the Atlantic Forest of the states of Espírito Santo, Bahia and Pernambuco. Besides N. pernambucana Leme & J.A.Siqueira (2000:232), this species complex includes N. gigas Leme & L.Kollmann (2006: 403) and N. silvomontana Leme & J.A.Siqueira (2006: 400) the taxon most similar to N. retrorsa. When compared to N. silvomontana, N. retrorsa species differs by the leaf blades being inconspicuously and sparsely to subdensely white-lepidote (vs. conspicuously and densely white-lepidote) with the inner ones becoming bright rose-red toward the apex at anthesis (vs. inner ones not distinct from the outer ones at anthesis), basal margins bearing retrorse-uncinate spines (vs. basal spines straight to antrorse), flowers with longer pedicels (15–30 mm vs. 8–12 mm long), distinctly shorter petals (35–37 mm vs. 58–60 mm) equaling to slightly exceeding the sepals (vs. distinctly exceeding the sepals), and by the dark red fruits.

Orthophytum rafaelii Leme, sp.nov. (Figs. 8, A–B, 9, H–N)

Ab Orthophyto hatschbachii, cui verosimiliter affinis, laminis foliorum angustioribus, supra basin versus dense lepidotis, marginibus spinis brevioribus, inflorescentia composita, bracteis floriferis internis apicem versus dense vel subdense albo lepidotis, sepalis longioribus et petalis longioribus differt; a O. heleniceae, affinis, laminis foliorum angustioribus, supra basin versus dense lepidotis, marginibus spinis longioribus inter sese 2–8 mm distantibus, bracteis floriferis internis apicem versus dense vel subdense albo lepidotis, lepidibus haud capitatis, sepalis glabris et petalis longioribus differt; a O. ophiuroides cui similis, laminis prope basin utrimque dense albo- lepidotis, viridulis, marginibus spinis longioribus basalibus interdum retrorse-curvatis, bracteis floriferis sepalisque viridibus et petalis longioribus recedit.

Type :—BRAZIL. Bahia: Chapada Diamantina, Palmeira, Serra das Paridas, Cachoeira do Mosquito, Oliveira s.n., fl. cult. May 2010 Leme 8152 (holotype RB).

Plant saxiculous, stemless, propagating by ca. 20 cm long slender rhizomes. Leaves 30–50 in number, spreading-recurved at anthesis, coriaceous, forming a dense rosette; sheaths small but distinct, subtrapeziform, ca. 1.0 × 1.3 cm, glabrescent toward the base, margins densely spinulose near the apex; blades sublinear, attenuate, long caudate, 12–38 × 0.4–0.7 cm at the base, slightly canaliculate toward the apex, opaque, densely white lepidote on both sides and toward the base, subdensely to sparsely white lepidote toward the apex, abaxially nerved, green before anthesis, at anthesis orange-red near the base forming an outer ring around the inflorescence, at the base yellowish-green and forming a contrasting inner ring around the inflorescence, margins densely to subdensely spinulose, spines subtriangular-uncinate, 0.5–1.7 mm long, 2–8 mm apart, yellowish, the basal ones sometimes retrorse, the upper ones subspreading to antrorse. Inflorescence sessile, once-branched in its outer portion, simple in its inner portion, subcorymbose, densely many-flowered, 2.0–2.5 cm in diameter; primary bracts the outer ones subfoliaceous and resembling the inner leaves, but shorter, yellowish-green toward the base and orange-red near the very base, forming at anthesis a orange-red outer ring around the inflorescence, the inner primary bracts narrowly triangular, 20–25 × 5–6 mm (at the base), exceeding the fascicles, suberect, yellowish-green, densely spinulose with prevailingly retrorse- uncinate spines; fascicles inconspicuous, complanate, shortly stipitate, 18–19 × 10 mm (excluding the petals), ca. 2-flowered; floral bracts triangular, green toward the apex, hyaline near the base, without any glandular trichomes, acuminate, those in the fascicles distinctly carinate, entire, shorter than the sepals, glabrous or nearly so, ca. 15 × 6 mm, those in the central part of the inflorescence ecarinate, 20–23 × 5–13 mm, densely to subdensely white lepidote toward the apex, margins minutely and densely spinulose toward the apex, equaling to exceeding the sepals, erect or nearly so. Flowers ca. 26 mm long (including the petals), sessile, densely

BRAZILIAN BROMELIACEA Phytotaxa 16 © 2011 Magnolia Press • 21 arranged, odorless; sepals subsymmetrical, narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, ca. 14 × 4 mm, free, entire, green, glabrous, the adaxial ones alate-carinate, the abaxial one ecarinate; petals narrowly spatulate, apex obtuse, 20– 21 × 5 mm, free, white, apical margins inconspicuously and irregularly crenulate, at anthesis erect except for the suberect to nearly spreading distal portion, bearing 2 shortly laminate-lacerate, cupulate appendages ca. 7 mm above the base, as well as 2 conspicuous longitudinal callosities nearly equaling the anthers; filaments terete, white, ca. 11 mm long, the antepetalous ones adnate to the petals for ca. 7 mm, the antesepalous ones free; anthers sagittate, ca. 3 mm long, base obtuse, apex apiculate, dorsifixed at 1/3 of its length above the base; pollen sulcate, exine microreticulate with partially incomplete reticulum; stigma simple, erect, ca. 1 mm long, blades erect, margins crenulate; ovary ca. 5 mm long, ca. 5 mm in diameter at the apex, trigonous, white, glabrous; epigynous tube inconspicuous, ca. 0.5 mm long; placentation apical; ovules obtuse. Fruits unknown. Distribution and habitat:—Orthophytum rafaelii is an endemic species of the “Campos Rupestres” of the Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, where it lives in partially shaded places, as a saxicole in crevices of rocky cliffs. Etymology :—This new species is named for its collector, the bromeliad grower Rafael de Oliveira, from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, who has discovered many novelties in the Brazilian Bromeliaceae. Observations:—According to the identification key provided by Louzada (2008), O. rafaelii is morphologically similar to O. hatschbachii Leme (1995a:120), if one ignores its compound inflorescence (used as a distinguishing character in the key). However, O. rafaelii differs from O. hatschbachii by its narrower leaf blades (0.4–0.7 cm vs. 0.7–1.8 cm wide), which are densely white lepidote toward the base adaxially (vs. glabrescent to glabrous), margins with shorter spines [0.5–1.7 mm vs. (1.7–)2.0–3.5 mm], by the compound inflorescence (vs. simple or subsimple), the inner floral bracts densely to subdensely white lepidote toward the apex (vs. glabrous), the longer sepals (ca. 14 mm vs. 0.8–12.0 mm long) and by the longer petals (20–21 mm vs. 16–17 mm long). When the compound inflorescence is considered O. rafaelii is also morphologically similar to O. heleniceae Leme (2004:67), especially in its compound inflorescence, but it is vegetatively distinct (Leme 2004). It can be distinguished by the narrower leaf blades (0.4–0.7 cm vs. 1.3–1.5 cm wide) which are densely white lepidote toward the base adaxially (vs. glabrescent), margins with longer spines (0.5–1.7 mm vs. ca. 0.5 mm) which are 2–8 mm apart (vs. 1.0–1.5 mm apart), by the inner floral bracts densely to subdensely white-lepidote toward the apex (vs. glabrous) with squamiform trichomes (vs. with glandular-capitate trichomes), the glabrous sepals (vs. with glandular-capitate trichomes) and by the longer petals (20–21 mm vs. 17–18 mm long). Because of the comparatively narrow leaf blades, which provides a delicate general appearance, O. rafaelii can also be confused with O. ophiuroides Louzada & Wanderley (2008:406), a narrow-leafed species from Lençóis. However, this new species differs by its densely white-lepidote leaf blades toward the base on both sides (vs. sparsely white-lepidote to glabrescent on both sides), forming an outer orange-red ring in contrast with the inner yellowish-green ring around the inflorescence (vs. forming a single red ring around the inflorescence), and having margins with longer spines (0.5–1.7 mm vs. 0.3–0.4 mm long), the green floral bracts and sepals (vs. red), and by the longer petals (20–21 mm vs. 15–17 mm long). This new species occurs near the region of Morro do Pai Inácio, Palmeiras, Bahia, where two Orthophytum species of the sessile inflorescence complex can also be found: O. amoenum (Ule) L.B.Sm. and O. burle-marxii L.B.Sm. & Read (Conceição et al. 2007). However, both of these taxa are different from O. rafaelii, based on the morphological deliminations presented for O. burle-marxii by Louzada (2008) and Louzada & Wanderley (2010), and for O. amoenum by Wanderley & Louzada (2009).

Vriesea minutiflora Leme, sp. nov. (Figs. 8, C–D, 9, O–S)

A Vriesea ruschii subsp. leonii, cui similis, foliis suberecto-arcuatis, inflorescentia 30–60 cm longa, ramis lateralibus floribus plus numerosis, bracteis floriferis stramineis, basalibus carinatis, minoribus, floribus minoribus et sepalis petalisque minoribus differt; a V. cearensis, cui affinis, sed bracteis scapi acuminatis, inflorescentia 30–60 cm longa, ramis lateralibus longioribus, floribus plus numerosis, appendicis petalorum majoribus differt.

22 • Phytotaxa 16 © 2011 Magnolia Press LEME & KOLLMANN FIGURE 8. A–B. Orthophytum rafaelii (Leme 8152). A . Habit. B. Inflorescence. C–D. Vriesea minutiflora (Leme 7063). C. Habit. D. Floral detail.

BRAZILIAN BROMELIACEA Phytotaxa 16 © 2011 Magnolia Press • 23 Type:—BRAZIL. Bahia: Iguaí, near the border with Dário Meira, Serra dos Índios, Rio dos Índios, propriedade de Alfredo Pinheiro, 14º 31.74’ S, 40º 05.17’ W, 926 m, 26 May 2007, Leme 7063 (holotype RB).

FIGURE 9. A–G. Neoregelia retrorsa (Leme 7371). A. Leaf blade apex. B. Basal margin of the leaf blade. C. Outer floral bract. D . Inner floral bract. E. Flower. F. Sepal. G. Petal.N H– . Orthophytum rafaelii (Leme 8152). H . Leaf. I. Sepal. J. Petal. K. Floral bract of the simple part of the inflorescence. L. Floral bract of the fascicle. M. Flower. N. Details of the petal appendages. O–S. Vriesea minutiflora (Leme 7063 et. al.). O. Leaf blade apex. P. Floral bract. Q. Flower. R. Sepal. S. Petal.

24 • Phytotaxa 16 © 2011 Magnolia Press LEME & KOLLMANN Plant epiphytic, flowering ca. 110 cm high, propagating by basal shoots. Leaves 20–30, densely rosulate, arcuate, forming a broad funnelform rosette; sheaths elliptic, ca. 13 × 8.5 cm, densely brown lepidote, dark castaneous near the base, paler toward the apex; blades long linear, rounded to subacute and minutely apiculate, 32–50 × 3.7–4.5 cm, not narrowed at the base, finely nerved, glaucous-green, inconspicuously and sparsely white lepidote to glabrescent, covered by white wax mainly abaxially. Peduncle 50–60 cm long, 0.5– 0.7 cm in diameter, erect, green, glabrous, sulcate when drying; peduncle bracts the basal ones subfoliaceous, the upper ones ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, enfolding the peduncle at the base but not completely concealing it, erect except for the the suberect apex, glaucous-green, glabrescent, the basal ones distinctly surpassing the internodes, the upper ones equaling to distinctly shorter than the internodes. Inflorescence paniculate, laxly once-branched, 30–60 cm long, 15–25 cm in diameter, erect; primary bracts broadly subtriangular-ovate, acute and apiculate, 2.3–2.5 x 2 cm, stramineous, glabrescent, distinctly shorter than the stipes; branches 4 to 9 (including the terminal one), the lateral ones 14–22 cm long, densely flowered at anthesis, with 11 to 23 flowers; stipes 4–7 cm long, 0.3–0.5 cm in diameter, glabrous, green, bearing 2 to 4 suberect to erect, carinate, sterile bracts; rachis geniculate, green, glabrous; internodes 4–12 mm long, ca. 0.3 mm in diameter; the terminal branch 21–30 cm long, with 16 to 27 flowers, its stipe 10–13 cm long, bearing 4 to 6 ecarinate sterile bracts distinctly shorter than the internodes; floral bracts broadly subtriangular, narrowly obtuse, 12–16 × 10–13 mm, distichous, suberect, not imbricate and exposing the rachis, slightly secund with the flowers, stramineous at anthesis, inconspicuously brown lepidote inside, not fully enfolding the sepals and about reaching 1/3 to 1/2 of their length, the basal ones carinate, the upper ones obtusely if at all carinate, apex straight to slightly incurved. Flowers nocturnal, producing a weak garlic odor, sublaxly arranged, slightly divergent or suberect before anthesis, strongly downwardly secund at anthesis, 26–27 mm long (including the petals), pedicels 4–5 mm long, 5–6 mm in diameter, green, glabrous; sepals oblong-ovate to subelliptic, apex subacute to acute, 16–17 × 8–9 mm, cymbiform, subdensely and very inconspicuously white lepidote inside, ecarinate, green, nerved mainly toward the apex, becoming stramineous at the apex; petals obovate to spatulate, apex emarginate, 20–23 × 9–12 mm, connate at the base for 3–4 mm, yellowish or sometimes with purplish-wine spots concentrated near the apex, suberect to nearly spreading at anthesis and forming a campanulate corolla ca. 15 mm in diameter at the apex; bearing 2 narrowly lanceolate, acuminate to shortly bidentate appendages at the base, 8–11 × 2–2.5 mm, adnate to the petals for ca. 5 mm. Stamens included and radially arranged; anthers sublinear-sagittate, apex apiculate, 5–6 mm long; stigma convolute-bladed, ca. 2 mm in diameter, shortly papillose, pale yellow to apically wine colored; ovules shortly caudate. Capsules unkown. Distribution and habitat:—Vriesea minutiflora is a typical understory epiphyte of the hygrophilous Atlantic Forest of Bahia, on the higher spots on the mountains elevations of 800 to 950 m. It is known from two difference places (i.e., holotype and paratype locations) which have similar bromeliad flora represented by Aechmea turbinocalyx Mez, morelii Brongn., Canistrum auratum Leme, Nidularium bicolor (E.Pereira) Leme, spiculosa (Griseb.) M.A.Spencer & L.B.Sm., Ronnbergia silvana Leme, Vriesea blackburniana Leme, Vriesea oleosa Leme, and V. rodigasiana E.Morren, to name a few. Etymology:—The comparatively small flowers of Vriesea minutiflora inspired its name. Additional specimens examined (paratypes):—BRAZIL. Bahia: Nova Canaã, Serra da Boa Vista (Serra da Oricana), 15 August 2001, Leme 5284 (HB); Silva s.n., fl. cult. August 2004, Leme 5137 (HB). Observations:—Vriesea minutiflora is a member of section Xiphion (E.Morren) Wawra ex Wittm., being most similar to V. r u sc h ii subsp. leonii Leme (1993: 2), which is a taxon currently under study to reevaluate it and elevate its status to species rank (Leme unpubl.). The morphological differences to be highlighted in comparison with the latter are: the arcuate leaves (vs. suberect), comparatively longer inflorescence (30–60 cm vs. 20–35 cm long), bearing lateral branches with more numerous flowers (11–23 vs. 8–15 flowers), stramineous floral bracts (vs. pale green) with the basal ones carinate (vs. ecarinate) and smaller (12–16 × 10– 13 mm vs. ca. 20 × 18 mm), smaller flowers (26–27 vs. 35 mm long), smaller sepals (16–17 × 8-9 mm vs. ca. 20 × 12 mm), and also by the smaller petals (20–23 × 9–12 mm vs. ca. 28 × 13 mm). On the other hand, this new species can be associated to V. cearensis Smith (1960:255), differing by the acuminate peduncle bracts

BRAZILIAN BROMELIACEA Phytotaxa 16 © 2011 Magnolia Press • 25 (vs. rounded and minutely apiculate), longer inflorescence (30–60 vs. 20–25 cm long) with longer lateral branches (14–22 vs. 9–13 cm long) and more numerous flowers per branch (11–23 vs. 4–9 flowers), and by the larger petals appendages (8–11 × 2–2.5 mm vs. 6 × 1.5 mm).

Vriesea nubicola Leme, sp. nov. (Figs. 10, A–B, 11, A–F)

A Vriesea hoehneana, cui affinis, laminis foliorum latioribus, ramo primario stipite tribracteato, bracteis floriferis haud secundis, lustrosis, floribus diurnis, petalis anguste obovatis, appendicis petalorum irregulariter dentatis et corollis tubulosis differt.

Type :—BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: Nova Friburgo, Parque Estadual dos Três Picos, Pedra da Cabeça de Dragão, 22º 19.13’ S, 42º 43.54’ W, 2078 m, 4 October 2009, Leme 8033 (holotype RB).

Plant terrestrial, flowering ca. 165 cm high. Leaves 30 in number, coriaceous, densely rosulate, forming a broadly crateriform rosette; sheaths broadly elliptic, 15–16 × 13 cm, densely and minutely brown lepidote on both sides, dark brown toward the base; blades broadly lingulate, not narrowed at the base, 20–25 × 9.0–10.5 cm, green, not lustrous, sparsely and inconspicously white lepidote to glabrescent, apex rounded to broadly acute and minutely apiculate. Peduncle stout, ca. 80 cm long, 1.0–1.3 cm in diameter, erect, glabrous, dark- reddish-green, smooth; peduncle bracts broadly ovate, acute and minutely apiculate, 4–6 × 3.5–4.0 cm, erect and enfolding the peduncle, greenish-yellow to pale reddish-castaneous toward the apex, glabrescent, lustrous, the basal ones exceeding the internodes, the upper ones equaling to slightly shorter than the internodes. Inflorescence laxly once-branched, ca. 55 cm long, erect to suberect; primary bracts resembling the upper peduncle bracts, suborbicular, 4 × 3.8 cm, greenish-yellow toward the base and reddish-castaneous toward the apex, distinctly shorter than the stipes; branches ca. 2 in number (including the terminal one), the lateral one ca. 35 cm long (at early anthesis), ascending, 8- to 12-flowered; stipe ca. 13 cm long, ca. 0.8 cm in diameter, slightly complanate, glabrous; bearing ca. 3 sterile bracts equally arranged, from equaling to slightly exceeding the internodes, greenish-yellow to pale reddish-castaneous, ecarinate, the upper one subinflated; the terminal branch ca. 55 cm long at early anthesis, ca. 16-flowered; its stipe ca. 23 cm long; bearing ca. 6 sterile bracts equally arranged, from equaling to slightly exceeding the internodes, greenish-yellow to pale reddish-castaneous, ecarinate, the upper one subinflated; rachis slightly flexuous, internodes 2–2.5 cm long, 0.5–0.6 cm in diameter, pale reddish-castaneous to greenish, glabrous, terete; floral bracts suborbicular, 35–40 × 34–36 mm, apex obtuse to emarginate, greenish-yellow to pale reddish-castaneous near the base and along the apical margins, inconspicuously and sparsely white lepidote inside, lustrous outside, imbricate before anthesis, at anthesis not enfolding the sepals and remaining suberect, distinctly shorter than the sepals, strongly convex and appearing inflated, finely nerved, ecarinate. Flowers distichous, diurnal, odorless, laxly to subdensely (the basal ones) to densely (the upper ones) arranged at early anthesis, strongly downwardly secund at anthesis, ca. 70 mm long (including the stamens); pedicels ca. 17 mm long, ca. 9 mm in diameter at the apex, green, glabrous; sepals obovate, apex obtuse-emarginate, ca. 34 × 19 mm, inconspicuously white lepidote inside, glabrous outside, free, ecarinate, greenish near the base and yellow toward the apex, coriaceous near the base; petals narrowly obovate and abruptly narrowed near the apex at ca. 3/4 of their length, apex narrowly emarginate, the narrowed apical portion strongly spreading-recurved at anthesis, ca. 42 × 14 mm, yellow, connate at the base for ca. 3 mm, forming a tubular corolla; bearing at the base 2 subspatulate, irregularly dentate, 10–11 × 3–4 mm appendages adnate to the petals for ca. 8 mm, its free blades spreading at anthesis and covering the ovary. Stamens exceeding the petals and exserted at anthesis; filaments subterete, yellow, adnate to the petals for ca. 3 mm, inconspicuously if at all dilated toward the apex; anthers linear, ca. 7 mm long, base and apex obtuse, fixed near the base, erect at anthesis; style exceeding the anthers; stigma convolute-bladed, densely papillose, yellow, ca. 2 mm in diameter; ovules long caudate. Capsules unknown.

26 • Phytotaxa 16 © 2011 Magnolia Press LEME & KOLLMANN FIGURE 10. A–B. Vriesea nubicola (Leme 8033 & Ilha). A . Habit. B. Floral detail. C–D. Vriesea pulchra (Kollmann 11976). C. Habit. D. Floral detail.

BRAZILIAN BROMELIACEA Phytotaxa 16 © 2011 Magnolia Press • 27 FIGURE 11. A–F. Vriesea nubicola (Leme 8033). A . Leaf blade apex. B. Flower. C. Floral bract. D. Sepal. E. Petal. F. Anther. G–K. Vriesea pulchra (Kollmann 11976). G. Leaf blade apex. H. Flower. I. Sepal. J. Petal. K. Floral bract.

Distribution and habitat:—Vriesea nubicola was discovered during the Bromeliaceae survey of Três Picos State Park in Rio de Janeiro state, with the support of the Instituto Estadual do Ambiente (INEA). It is an inhabitant of the high-altitude grasslands (Campos de Altitude), at about 2,000 m elevation, where it grows terrestrially fully esposed to sunlight, forming dense groups of plants in the grass-like vegetation on the mountain top Cabeça de Dragão. Its population at the type locality is reduced in number of individuals, but probably V. nubicola can also be found at the ecologically similar foggy sites of the neighboring montain tops, that are only accessible by technical climbing.

28 • Phytotaxa 16 © 2011 Magnolia Press LEME & KOLLMANN Etymology:—The epithet “nubicola” means “living in a cloudy place”, refering to the frequently foggy condition of the high-altitude grasslands where it occurs. Observations:—Despite having the typical aspect of a member of Vriesea section Xiphion, V. nubicola has diurnal flowers and tubular corollas (except for the apical portion of the petals), placing it closer to section Vriesea. However, the unusual shape of the petals that are abruptly narrowed near the apex at ca. 3/4 of their length, combined with the typical Xiphion petals appendages (i.e., subspatulate and irregularly dentate) suggest its possible intermediate status. Apparently, V. hoehneana L.B.Sm. is the morphologically most similarto V. nubicola, but this the latter differs by the wider leaf blades (9–10.5 vs. 5.5–8 cm wide), the stipe of the primary branch bearing ca. 3 sterile bracts (vs. stipe ebracteate to bearing a single sterile bract), the floral bracts remaining erect and not at all secund with the flowers (vs. secund with the flowers), lustrous (vs. not lustrous), diurnal flowers (vs. nocturnal), narrowly obovate petals (vs. spatulate), with irregularly dentate basal appendages (vs. acute), and by the tubular corolla (vs. campanulate).

Vriesea pulchra Leme & L.Kollmann, sp. nov. (Figs. 10, C–D, 11, G–K)

A Vriesea minuta, cui affinis, laminis foliorum longitudinaliter atrovirido vel atropurpureo-lineatis, transversin irregulariter atrovirido-venosis, bracteis scapi vinoso-maculatis, bracteis floriferis angustioribus, vinoso-maculatis, apice obtusis et apiculatis vel emarginatis, sepalis interdum vinoso-maculatis et petalis late obtuse-emarginatis differt.

Type :—BRAZIL. Espírito Santo: Santa Tereza, Nova Lombardia, propriedade de J.V. Furlani, 895 m, 12 March 2008, Kollmann 11976, fl. cult. Leme 7291 (holotype RB).

Plant epiphytic, flowering ca. 50 cm high, propagating by basal shoots. Leaves ca. 18, arcuate, forming a funnelform rosette, chartaceous; sheaths broadly ovate-elliptic, ca. 8 × 7 cm, densely and minutely brown lepidote on both sides, dark castaneous toward the base, greenish with darker green longitudinal lines and irregularly wavy dark green cross-veins; blades lingulate, not narrowed at the base, apex rounded to subacute and apiculate, 15–18 × 3.5–3.7 cm, inconspicuously and sparsely white lepidote and covered by a layer of epicuticular white wax on both sides but mainly abaxially, abaxially greenish to dark purple with nigrescent margins, adaxially green, bearing conspicuous, darker green to dark purple longitudinal lines and irregularly wavy, distinct, dark green cross-veins, apex with a dark purple semicircular spot. Peduncle erect, ca. 30 cm long, ca. 0.5 cm in diameter, green, glabrous; peduncle bracts erect except for the suberect apex, narrowly ovate, apex triangular and apiculate, imbricate, slightly exceeding the internodes, glabrous abaxialy, inconspicuously white lepidote adaxially, green to purplish-green, wine spotted except for the dark purple to blackish apex. Inflorescence simple, erect, ca. 10 × 6 cm (excluding the petals), laxly flowered toward the base at anthesis, not producing any glutinous substance, rachis 3.5–4 mm in diameter, smooth, flexuous toward the base to geniculate near the apex, slightly angled, greenish-purple, glabrous, internodes 6–20 mm long; floral bracts suborbicular, broadly rounded and apiculate to slightly emarginate, 21–25 × 22–23 mm, strongly convex, ecarinate, thinly coriaceous, bearing decurrent auricles at the base, glabrous and inconspicuously rugulose abaxialy, inconspicuously white lepidote adaxially, not imbricate at late anthesis, reaching ca. 1/2 to 3/5 of the sepal length, centrally castaneous, greenish toward the margins, with large, irregular wine spots, dark purple near the apex. Flowers ca. 9 in number, 40–45 mm long, nocturnal, distichous, producing a slightly garlic smell, subdensely arranged toward the apex and laxly arranged near the base at late anthesis, subspreading to slightly reflexed, pedicels ca. 7 mm long, ca. 9 mm in diameter at the apex and ca. 4 mm in diameter at the base, green, glabrous; sepals elliptic, obtuse-emarginate, 21–23 × 15 mm, green except for the dark purple exposed margins and apex, sometimes sparsely with pale wine colored spots, ecarinate, abaxially glabrous, adaxially sparsely and inconspicuously white lepidote, coriaceous near the base and membranaceous toward the margins and apex, distinctly convex; petals obovate, 33–36 × 17 mm,

BRAZILIAN BROMELIACEA Phytotaxa 16 © 2011 Magnolia Press • 29 apex broadly obtuse-emarginate, the apex suberect at anthesis, connate at the base for ca. 5 mm, cream colored except for the slightly wine colored apex; bearing 2 appendages at the base, ca. 10 × 3.5 mm, basally adnate for ca. 5 mm and with broadly ovate blades, long acuminate-caudate. Stamens shorter than the petals; filaments adnate to the petals for ca. 5 mm, dilated toward the apex; anthers 8–9 mm long, dorsifixed near the base, narrowly-sagittate, apex acute; pollen ellipsoid, sulcate, exine broadly rediculate, lumina rounded, muri narrowed; stigma convolute-bladed, ca. 1.5 mm in diameter, blades densely papillose, yellow; ovary yellow; ovules long caudate. Capsules unknown. Distribution and habitat:—This new species is known from the type locality only, where it grows as an epiphyte in the understory of the Atlantic Forest of Santa Teresa, an area known for its high botanical diversity. Etymology :—The delicate grace of this new species inspired the epithet of this species, the Latin word “pulcher”, meaning “beautiful”. Additional specimen examined (paratype):—BRAZIL. Espírito Santo: Santa Teresa, Nova Lombardia, propriedade de J.V. Furlani, 895 m, Kollmann et al. 12037, fl. cult. 10 September 2010 (MBML). Observations:—Vriesea pulchra is a member of section Xiphion, being morphologically similar to Vriesea minuta Leme (1995b: 24), another delicate Vriesea species from the Atlantic Forest from the southern region of Bahia. This new species, can be distinguished from it by the leaf blades having dark green to dark purple longitudinal lines as well as dark green, wavy cross-veins, giving them a distinctly reticulate appearance. This is not observed in V. mi nu ta. Other differences are: peduncle bracts with large wine spots (vs. without spots), floral bracts narrower (22–23 mm vs. ca. 27 mm wide), bearing large wine spots, with an obtuse and apiculate to emarginate apex (vs. subacute), sepals sometimes wine-spoted and by the broadly obtuse-emarginate petals (vs. narrowly obtuse-emarginate).

Vriesea santaleopoldinensis Leme & L.Kollmann, sp. nov. (Figs. 12, A–B, 13, A–F)

A Vriesea rafaelii cui affinis, laminis foliorum prope basin dense minuteque vinoso-maculatis, bracteis scapi dense vinoso-maculatis, bracteis floriferis 1/3 altidudinem sepalorum aequantibus, dense vinoso-maculatis, floribus plus numerosis, pedicellis longioribus, sepalis vinoso-maculatis et petalis apice angustioribus, appendicis basalibus longioribus differt.

Type:—BRAZIL. Espírito Santo: Santa Leopoldina, Kollmann 11840, fl. cult. 1 December 2009 (holotype RB, isotype MBML).

Plant rupicolous, flowering ca. 120 cm high, propagating by basal shoots. Leaves 28–30, suberect-arcuate, forming a broadly crateriform rosette, chartaceous; sheaths broadly elliptic-ovate, 14–19 × 9–13 cm, densely brown lepidote on both sides, toward the base pale colored on both sides, near the apex green with small, densely arranged, wine colored spots mainly abaxially; blades lingulate, not narrowed at the base, apex rounded to obtuse and minutely apiculate, (18–)30–35 × 7.0–8.8 cm, inconspicuously and sparsely white lepidote and covered by a thin layer of epicuticular white wax on both sides, nerved, abaxially green and ornamented with dense and minute wine colored spots near the base, adaxially green. Peduncle erect, 55–62 cm long, 0.8–1.0 cm in diameter, green with inconspicuous wine spots, glabrous; peduncle bracts erect, broadly ovate to suborbicular, subacute to obtuse and minutely apiculate, imbricate, equaling to slightly shorter than the internodes, green with densely arranged wine spots, glabrous or nearly so. Inflorescence simple, erect, attenuate toward the apex at early anthesis to oblong in outline at late anthesis, 29–47 × 9.0–9.5 cm (excluding the petals), laxly flowered at anthesis, sometimes producing mucilaginous substance; rachis 5– 8 mm in diameter, smooth, flexuous, slightly angled, green with inconspicuous sparsely arranged wine spots, glabrous; floral bracts suborbicular, apex subdeltoid and minutely apiculate (basal ones) to narrowly emarginate or obtuse (median to apical ones), 18–28 × 20–27 mm, strongly convex, ecarinate, thinly coriaceous, bearing small decurrent auricles at the base, glabrous, not imbricate, reaching ca. 1/3 of the sepal

30 • Phytotaxa 16 © 2011 Magnolia Press LEME & KOLLMANN FIGURE 12. A–B. Vriesea santaleopoldinensis (Kollmann 11840). A . Habit. B. Floral detail. C–D. Vriesea serranegrensis (Fontana et. al. 2408). C. Inflorescence. D. Habit.

BRAZILIAN BROMELIACEA Phytotaxa 16 © 2011 Magnolia Press • 31 FIGURE 13. A–F. Vriesea santaleopoldinensis (Kollmann 11840). A. Leaf blade apex. B. Flower. C. sepal. D. Corolla front view. E. Floral bract. F. Petal. G–K. Vriesea serranegrensis (Fontana et. al. 2408). G. Leaf blade apex. H. Flower. I. Floral bract. J. Sepal. K. Petal. length, pale greenish-yellow toward the base and green toward the apex and apical margins, with densely arranged wine spots. Flowers ca. 27 in number, 60–65 mm long, nocturnal, distichous, producing a strong garlic smell, laxly arranged at anthesis, subspreading to slightly reflexed mainly after anthesis, pedicels stout, ca. 15 mm long, ca. 9 mm in diameter at the apex and ca. 6 mm in diameter at the base, green, glabrous; sepals elliptic, rounded to obtuse, 32–34 × 16–17 mm, pale yellowish-green with wine spots mainly toward the apex and apical margins, ecarinate, glabrous or nearly so, strongly coriaceous near the base and thinly coriaceous toward the margins and apex, convex; petals obovate, 48 × 21–23 mm, apex narrowly emarginate, divergent, suberect, toward the apex at anthesis and forming a campanulate corolla ca. 35 mm in diameter, connate at the

32 • Phytotaxa 16 © 2011 Magnolia Press LEME & KOLLMANN base for ca. 7 mm, pale yellow with densely arranged wine nerves at the apex; bearing 2 appendages at the base, ca. 17 × 3.5 mm, basally adnate for ca. 9 mm with the petals and with blades narrowly ovate, long caudate. Stamens shorter than the petals; filaments adnate to the petals for ca. 7 mm, dilated toward the apex; anthers ca. 13 mm long, dorsifixed near the base, sagittate, apex obtuse; stigma convolute-bladed, ca. 2.5 mm in diameter, blades densely papillose, yellow; ovary pale yellow; ovules caudate. Capsules ellipsoid, ca. 5 cm long. Distribution and habitat:—Vriesea santaleopoldinensis occurs rupicolous on inselbergs surrounded by semideciduous Atlantic Forest in the state of Espírito Santo, mainly in the counties of Santa Leopoldina, Marilândia and Águia Branca. Usually, it grows at elevations of 700–900 m, associated with sp. (Bromeliaceae), Coleocephalocereus sp. (Cactaceae), Philodendron sp. (Araceae), and Selaginella sp. (Selaginellaceae), to name a few. Etymology:—The name chosen for this new species is refers to the county of Santa Leopoldina where it was first recorded, and where it is most frequently observed. Additional specimens examined (paratypes):—BRAZIL. Espírito Santo: Santa Leopoldina, 14 November 2007, Kollmann 10165 (MBML); 1 December 2009, Kollmann 11840 (MBML); Marilândia, Liberdade (Água Viva), Pedra do Cruzeiro, propriedade de Aguilar A. Lovucini, 19º 20’ 53.07” S, 40º 33’ 03.6” W, 150–850 m, 18 January 2006, Demuner et al. 1669 (MBML, NY); Águia Branca, Santa Luzia, propriedade de Ciro Ferreira, 18º 58’ 26” S, 40º 39’ 52” W, 400–600 m, 3 April 2007, Demuner et al. 3515 (MBML). Observations:—Vriesea santaleopoldinensis is closely related to V. r af a el ii Leme (1999: 163), but can be distinguished by the leaf blades that bear dense and minute wine spots near the base (vs. green with darker green longitudinal lines and not spotted), by peduncle bracts densely wine spotted (vs. without spots), floral bracts reaching 1/3 of sepal length (vs. reaching 1/2 of sepal length) and densely white spotted (vs. without spots). The flowers are more numerous (ca. 27 vs. ca. 14 in number) with longer pedicels (ca. 15 mm vs. ca. 10 mm long), wine spotted sepals (vs. without spots) and by the petals with a narrowed apex and longer basal appendages (ca. 17 mm vs. ca. 14 mm long).

Vriesea serranegrensis Leme, sp. nov. (Figs. 12, C–D, 13, G–K)

A Vriesea densiflora, cui affinis, laminis foliorum latioribus, bracteis scapi quam internodia distincte superantibus, internodiis rachidis ramorum duplo brevioribus, bracteis floriferis brevioribus, sepalis brevioribus latioribusque et petalis anguste subspathulatis differt.

Type:—BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Itamarandiba, Padre João Afonso, Serra do Espinhaço, Vale do Jequitinhonha, Parque Estadual de , próximo a torre de celular da Telemig, 18º 00’ 20.2” S, 42º 43’ 28.9” W, 1200–1600 m, 13–14 September 2006, Fontana, Mota & Brahim 2408, fl. cult. October 2008, Leme 6904 (holotype HB).

Plant saxicolous, flowering ca. 50 cm high. Leaves ca. 15 in number, densely rosulate, forming a broadly funnelform rosette; sheaths broadly elliptic-ovate, 8–9 × 9–11 cm, densely and minutely brown lepidote on both sides, thinly coriaceous, abaxially dark castaneous mainly toward the base, adaxially paler colored; blades lingulate, 15 × 7–8 cm, not narrowed at the base, apex rounded to slightly emarginate and minutely apiculate, greenish-glaucous with purplish irregular spots mainly toward the apex, thinly coriaceous, sparsely and inconspicously white lepidote and covered on both sides by a thin layer of white wax. Peduncle stout, ca. 20 cm long, ca. 0.7 cm in diameter, erect, glabrous, green; peduncle bracts broadly ovate to suborbicular, broadly acute and apiculate, 3-4 × 2.8–3.0 cm, erect except for the suberect apex, enfolding the peduncle, distinctly exceeding the internodes, greenish to castaneous, inconspicuously and sparsely white lepidote mainly inside. Inflorescence shortly paniculate, densely once-branched, ca. 14 cm long, ca. 12 cm in diameter, erect; primary bracts suborbicular to orbicular, obtuse and inconspicuously apiculate, 20–25 × 25–28 mm, strongly concave and gibbous, pale castaneous, lustrous, divergent, suberect with the branches, exceeding the

BRAZILIAN BROMELIACEA Phytotaxa 16 © 2011 Magnolia Press • 33 stipes; branches ca. 6 in number (including the terminal one), the lateral ones 6–8 cm long, suberect, densely flowered at anthesis, bearing 5 to 8 flowers; rachis geniculate, stout, green, glabrous, obtusely angulose, internodes 0.4–0.5 × 0.4–0.5 cm; stipes 1.0–1.5 × 0.8 cm, subcomplanate, green, glabrous, bearing 1 to 2, inflated, carinate sterile bracts at the apex similar to the floral bracts; the terminal branch erect or nearly so, ca. 8.5 cm long, ca. 11-flowered, stipes ca. 1 × 0.6 cm, stout, straight, ebracteate; floral bracts suborbicular, 17–19 × 20–22 mm, apex obtuse-emarginate, pale castaneous, inconspicuously and sparsely brown lepidote inside, lustrous and glabrous outside, not completely covering the sepals and about reaching 2/5 to 1/2 of its length, strongly convex and inflated, gibbous, unilaterally-secund with the flowers, ecarinate to bearing a protruded central nerve and appearing carinate. Flowers distichous, odorless, downwardly secund at anthesis in the lateral braches to divergent to slightly secund in the terminal branch, densely arranged, ca. 40 mm long (not including the stamens), pedicels stout, 4–5 mm long, ca. 6 mm in diameter at the distal end, green, glabrous; sepals broadly elliptic, apex emarginate, 18–20 × 13 mm, inconspicuously and sparsely white lepidote inside, glabrous outside, free, ecarinate, pale green, distinctly concave, thinly coriaceous toward the apex, thicker at the base; petals narrowly subspatulate, apex emarginate, 32 × 11.5–12.0 mm, yellow, erect (except the apex) and forming a tubular corolla ca. 8 mm in diameter at the apex; bearing at the base 2 broadly ovate-lanceolate, acute to obtuse, ca. 5 × 2.5 mm appendages. Stamens exceeding the petals by ca. 5 mm; filaments subcomplanate and slightly dilated toward the apex, pale yellow, adnate to the petals for ca. 2 mm; anthers linear-sagittate, ca. 6.5 mm long, apex acute, fixed near the base; pollen oblong-elliptic, sulcate, exine reticulate, lumina polygonal, muri narrowed; pistil about equaling the petals; stigma convolute-bladed, densely papillose, yellow, ca. 1.5 mm in diameter; ovules long caudate. Capsules unknown. Distribution and habitat:—According to their collectors, V. serranegrensis is apparently an endemic species of the Espinhaço range, within the State Park of Serra Negra, Minas Gerais state. It has a rupicolous habit in the “Campos Rupestres” vegetation, growing under full sun exposuse in sites with rock outcrops, at 1200–1600 m elevation. Etymology:—This species is named for Serra Negra State Park, where the species was discovered, bringing to light the importance of conserving the rich biodiversity of this State Park. Observations:—Vriesea serranegrensis is morphologically similar to V. densiflora Mez (1894:568), a poorly known species of the “Campos Rupestres” of Minas Gerais. However, this new species differs from it by the broader leaf blades (7–8 cm vs. 5–6 cm wide), peduncle bracts distinctly exceeding the internodes (vs. equaling to shorter than the internodes), rachis of the lateral branches with shorter internodes (0.4–0.5 cm vs. ca. 10 mm long), shorter floral bracts (17–19 mm vs. ca. 25 mm long), sepals shorter and broader (18–20 × 13 mm vs. 22–24 × 11.0–11.5 mm), and by the narrowly subspatulate petals (vs. lingulate).

Acknowledgments

We thank Instituto Estadual de Florestas (IEF) of Minas Gerais state and Instituto Estadual do Ambiente (INEA) of Rio de Janeiro for providing the research permits and logistical support in the visited states parks; Gregory K. Brown, Walter Till and Eric J. Gouda for their valuable suggestions and advice during manuscript preparation. André Ilha, André P. Fontana, Dayvid R. Couto, José Carlos M. Falcon, Loredano Aleixo, Pedro Lima, Rafael de Oliveira, Raymundo F. Reis Jr., and Walter Kranz for the support and companionship during field activities and/or for provinding some of the specimens used in this study. Two anonymous reviewers are thanked for their valuable comments.

References

Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2003) An Update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 141: 399–436.

34 • Phytotaxa 16 © 2011 Magnolia Press LEME & KOLLMANN Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009) An Update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161: 105–121. Baker, J.G. (1879) A Synopsis of the Genus Aechmea R. & P. Journal of 17: 129–236. Baker, J.G. (1889) Handbook of the Bromeliaceae. George Bell & Sons, London, pp. 1–243. Bentham, G. (1846) The Botany of the Voyage of H.M.S. Sulphur, under the command of Captain Sir Edward Belcher, R.N., C.B., F.R.G.S., etc., during the years 1836-42. Smith, Elder and CO., London, pp. 1–195. Beutelspacher, C.R. (1971) (Sw) Greseb, var pacifica Beutelspacher, var.nov. (Bromeliaceae). Cactaceas y suculentes Mexicanas 16(2): 44–46 Conceição, A.A., Giulietti, A.M. & Meirelles, S.T. (2007) Ilhas de vegetação em afloramentos de quartzito-arenito no Morro do Pai Inácio, Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil. Acta Botânica Brasília 21(2): 335–347. Givnish, T.J., Millan, K.C., Berry, P.E. & Sytsma, K.J. (2007) Phylogeny, adaptive radiation, and historical biogeography of Bromeliaceae inferred from ndhF sequence data. In: Columbus, J.T., Friar, E.A., Porter, J.M., Prince, L.M. & Simpson, M.G. (eds.). Monocots: comparative Biology and Evolution – Poales. Aliso 23: 2–26. Gross, E. & W.Rauh (1991) Bromelienstudien. I.Neue und wenig bekannte Arten aus Peru und anderen Ländern. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Lit. Mainz (Math.-Naturwiss. Klasse) – Tropische und Subtropische Pflanzenwelt 79:1–31. Jacques-Félix, H. (2000) The Discovery of a Bromeliad in Africa: Pitcairnia feliciana. Selbyana 21(2): 118–124. Lemaire, C.A. (1853) Aechmea Distichanta – Aechmée à fleurs distiques. Le Jardin Fleuriste 3: Planche 269. Leme, E.M.C. (1993) Novas Bromeliáceas Nativas do Brasil – IX. Pabstia 4(1): 1–12. Leme, E.M.C. (1995a) Miscellaneous new species in the Brazilian Bromeliaceae. Selbyana. 16(1):110–122. Leme, E.M.C. (1995b). Contribuição ao estudo da seção Xiphion (Vriesea). Bromélia 2 (4): 24–28. Leme, E.M.C. (1999) New Species of Brazilian Bromeliaceae: A Tribute to Lyman B. Smith. Harvard Papers Botany 4(1): 135–168. Leme, E.M.C. (2000) Nidularium - Bromeliads of the Atlantic Forest. GMT Editores Ltda. Rio de Janeiro, 263 pp. Leme, E.M.C. (2003) Two New Species of Hohenbergia from Bahia, Brazil. Journal of the Bromeliad Society 53(4):169–177. Leme, E.M.C. (2004) Studies on Orthophytum – Part II: Two New Scapeless Species. Journal of the Bromeliad Society 54(2):66–74. Leme, E.M.C. (2010) Miscellaneous new species in the Brazilian Bromeliaceae. Selbyana 30(2):129–146. Leme, E.M.C. & Fontana, A.P. (2010) Studies on Orthophytum – Part XI: three new species from Bahia and Minas Gerais. Journal of the Bromeliad Society 60(2): 56–70. Leme, E.M.C. & Kollmann, L.J.C. (2010) Studies on Orthophytum – Part X: two small-sized new species. Journal of the Bromeliads Society 60(1): 5–13. Leme, E.M.C., Fontana, A.P. & Ribeiro, O.B.C. (2010a) Neues von Alcantarea: eine neue, groβe Art und “Pseudoviviparie” bei A. glaziouana (2010) Die Bromelie 3: 112–124. Leme, E.M.C., Fraga, C.N., Kollmann, L.J.C., Brown, G.K., Till, W., Ribeiro, O.B.C., Machado, M.C., Monteiro, F.J.S. & Fontana, A.P. (2010b) Miscellaneous new species in Brazilian Bromeliaceae. Rodriguesia 61(1): 21–67. Leme, E.M.C., Trindade-Lima, T. & Ribeiro, O.B.C. (2010) Revision of the Lithophytic Vriesea Species from Minas Gerais State, Brazil – Part IV. Journal of the Bromeliad Society 60(1): 17–30. Leme, E.M.C. & Luther, H.E. (2003) Two New Species of Aechmea from Bahia, Brazil. Journal of the Bromeliad Society 53(1): 3–9. Leme, E.M.C. & Siqueira-Filho, J.A. (2006) Considerações taxonômicas correlacionadas às bromélias de Pernambuco e . In: Siqueira Filho, J.A. & Leme, E.M.C. (eds.), Fragmentos de Mata Atlântica do Nordeste, Biodiversidade, Conservação e suas Bromélias. Andrea Jakobsson Estúdio, Rio de Janeiro, pp. 383–407. Linder, H.P. & Rudall, P.J. (2005) Evolutionary History of Poales. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 36: 107–124. Louzada, R.B. (2008) Taxonomia e citologia das espécies de infloresência séssil do gênero Orthophytum Beer (Bromeliaceae). Dissertation for degree of Master in Plant Biodiversity and Environment, Instituto de Botânica da Secretaria de Estado do Meio Ambiente, São Paulo, 99pp. Louzada, R.B. & Wanderley, M.G.L. (2008) Uma nova espécie de Orthophytum Beer (Bromeliaceae) relacionada a Orthophytum navioides (L.B.Sm.) L.B.Sm. Hoehnea 35(3): 405–410. Louzada, R.B. & Wanderley, M.G.L. (2010) Revision of Orthophytum (Bromeliaceae): the species with sessile inflorescences. Phytotaxa 12: 1–26. Luther H.E. (2008) An Alphabetical List of Bromeliad Binomials. The Bromeliad Society International, Florida, 110 pp. Mez, C. (1891-1894) Bromeliaceae in Martius Flora Brasiliensis. in Martius. Flora Brasiliensis. vol.3(3). Munich, Germany, 173–634 pp. Mez, C. (1919) Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis: 69 Pereira, E. (1979) Species novae in Brasilia Bromeliacearum – XIII. Bradea. 2 (47): 307 –310. Pereira, E. & Penna, I.A. (1985) Species Novae in Brasilia Bromeliacearum – XXII. Boletim do Museu Botânico Municipal de Curitiba 62: 1–8.

BRAZILIAN BROMELIACEA Phytotaxa 16 © 2011 Magnolia Press • 35 Pereira, E. & Leme, E.M.C. (1985) Novas Bromeliáceas Nativas do Brasil – II. Revista Brasileira de Biologia 45(4): 631–636. Philcox, D. (1992a) Notes on South American Bromeliaceae. Kew Bulletin 47(2): 261–276. Philcox, D. (1992b) Notes on South American Bromeliaceae: Corrections. Kew Bulletin 47(3): 544. Regel, E. (1885) Aechmea brasiliensis Rgl. – Von Staatsrath Dr. E. Regel in St. Petersburg. Gartenflora 34: 258–259. Taf. 1202. Santoro, J.A.A. (2009) Filogenia e delimitação do gênero Ronnbergia E. Morren & André (Bromelioideae: Bromeliaceae). Dissertation for degree of Master in Science. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, 88 pp. Scharf, U. & Gouda, E.J. (2008) Bringing Bromeliaceae Back to Homeland Botany. Journal of the Bromeliad Society 58(3): 123–129. Siqueira-Filho, J.A. & Leme, E.M.C. (2000) Suplemento: Neoregelia Subgênero Longipetalopsis. In: Leme, E.M.C. (ed.), Nidularium - Bromeliads of the Atlantic Forest. GMT Editores Ltda. Rio de Janeiro, pp. 231–237. Smith, L.B. (1955) The Bromeliaceae of Brazil. Smithsonian miscellaneous collections. Vol.126(1). Smithsonian Institute, Washington USA, 290 pp. Smith, L.B. (1960) Notes on Bromeliaceae XV. Phytologia. 7(5): 249–257. Smith, L.B. (1964) Notes on Bromeliaceae XXII. Phytologia. 10(6): 454–488. Smith, L.B. (1967) Notes on Bromeliaceae XXVI. Phytologia. 15(3): 163–200. Smith, L.B. & Downs, R.J. (1974) Bromeliaceae (Pitcairnioideae). Flora Neotropica Monograph 14. Hafner Press, New York, 1–662 pp. Smith, L.B. & Downs, R.J. (1977) Bromeliaceae (Tillandsioideae). Flora Neotropica Monograph 14. Hafner Press, New York, 663–1492 pp. Smith, L.B. & Downs, R.J. (1979) Bromeliaceae (Bromelioideae). Flora Neotropica Monograph 14. The New York Botanical Garden, New York, 1493–2142 pp. Wanderley, M.G.L. & Louzada, R.B. (2009) Delimitação morfológica e reconhecimento de Orthophytum amoenum (Ule) L.B. Sm. (Bromeliaceae) Sitientibus Série Ciências Biológicas 9: 30–34.

36 • Phytotaxa 16 © 2011 Magnolia Press LEME & KOLLMANN