THE LIFE-BOAT JOURNAL

OF THE national life-boat Jnstitution, . (ISSERB QfJABTBBLY.)

Vor,, XII.—No, 131.] FEBRUARY 1, 1884. [PRICE Sd,

THE LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION AND SALVAGE OF PEOPEBTY. IF any excuse were necessary for again tion ; for anytMag but tne clearest reverting to this subject in these pages, it staading and the most perfect confidence is assuredly to be found ia its importance between it and the Institution, cannot to all concerned, viz., the owners of ships but fail to iajnxe tne general efficiency of and cargoes; the various marine insurance the Life-boat service. and salvage ^associations; the mm who J Fourthly, " the Institution in its most work the Life-boats, aad last, but aot I eomptfiheashe sense." It cannot be denied least, the JRoyAi, NATIONAL LOTS-BOAST f that simple jnsiaee to the governing "body IsSTiTOTHMf in its most comprehensive of the Institntioa, to whom the direction sense. of its aiMrs ia entrusted (by generous To understand this subject must be to and sympathetic supporters amongst the the advantage of the first-named body, j charitable portion of the public), demands excepting to such who divest themselves that the position taken up by them, and of all, or nearly all, material interest in which forme the foundation upon which their property by insuring it up to (and its rules and regulations are framed, should in gome cases we fear beyond) its full be clearly understood, and that they should value, thus rendering it a matter of com- receive in that, as in all other matters, parative indifference to tiein whether it nearfy confidence and support We believe is destroyed or not. this to be a subject oa which; there is To the second-named body, who by more apparent, but unfounded, room for, their undertakings place themselves'vln ' and probability of attocfe, than any other part, or wholly, in the position of owners comprised within the sphere of its opera- of the property, it cannot tat be of value tions. to know what aid they have to expect, or The BoYAt NAHOHAI, LIFE-BOAT INSM- on what terms they can espeet it, from ronxxs is a Society incorporated by Eoyal those wao, it is no exaggeration to say, Charter ior the purpose of " saving life are most likely to be at hand to render it from shipwreck," for which end alone it when required, together with the equip- appeals to the public for pecuniary sup- ment best calculated for performing some port, to $mb\e it to caany out ite 4esig», of the most important parts of the by establishing and maintaining round work. the coast a chain of the engines best cal- It ia certainly desirable that the tMrd enlated fot the -rotk to be dona, iBstudiag party should clearly understand its posi- remuneration and rewards to the men. who tion, both as regards the property and ite do it What reply is given to that appeal, owners, as well as the Life-boat Institu- asd -what is the tesoli of tMs support, ia '

LIVE-BOAT Jov&NAt,—Tot. XII,—No. 181. 222 THE LIFE-BOAT JOUBNAL. 1, 1884. well known, and need not be dwelt upon adapted to helping yours, I will allow it here. to be used upon the same terms as you The above being undoubtedly the posi- could obtain similar aid elsewhere." tion and sole work of the Institution, it 2nd. To the men forming its boats' naturally follows that the "salvage of crews it says: " You are the men most property from shipwreck" is in BO way likely to be employed in assisting to save per se part of its business, and it would this property—to do this is your calling; be true to its professions and Charter were we will therefore lend you our boats it to decline in tato to take any part in for the purpose, on the following con- gnch an undertaking; certainly it would ditions, viz., that you will look to the be a misappropriation of the funds to owners of the property for reasonable re- apply any portion of them to this purpose. muneration for your work, and not to us. It is also necessary for a proper under- That you pay to us the proportion of the standing of the question that the relative amount earned that is usually paid by positions of the Institution and its boats* local custom, for the hire or use of pro- crews should be clearly defined. It is perty for that end. That you do not misleading to describe the men, as we launch our boats, or use them for this have seen, as " the paid servants of the work to the injury of any private interest, Institution," for, with the exception of the i.e., other people who have boats, but not coxswains, they receive no retaining fee Life-boats." whatever. Besides, the small quarterly To its supporters it says: " The salvage payments to the coxswains may fairly be of property is beyond the province for considered as remuneration for other ser- which you contribute to the maintenance vices, viz., taking care of the boat and her of the Institution, but as a strict adher- stores, the boathouse, &e., as whenever ence to the ' saving of life only" means a they go afloat they are paid the same as prohibition to take part in saving pro- the other men. perty, and might frequently lead to the The crews may therefore be more fitly destruction of valuable property, and as described as contractors, who, on each the fact exists that the majority of our occasion of going out in the boat, tacitly boats' crews are drawn (with great ad- agree with the Institution to perform or vantage to our legitimate work) from the to use all reasonable efforts to perform a men whose calling it is to do salvage ser- defined work, viz., to rescue the lives of vices, it is in the interest of all parties men in danger of shipwreck for a certain that they should be allowed to use the sum, and their engagement with the Insti- | Life-boats on reasonable terms, one of tution distinctly ends on the termination which is, that your property is secured of each service. against risk of loss by the usual payment This being the position of the Institu- for its use, which, in other words, con- tion in the matter, and the only one it stitutes an insurance on it." can reasonably be expected to assume, it The Institution, whilst positively pro- is obvious that if it goes beyond this, and hibiting its boats being launched for sal- permits its boats to be used for the purpose vage purposes to the detriment of private of " salvage of property," it must be upon interests, encourages the crews to make such terms as will reconcile, as far as every effort, when afloat, to endeavour to practicable, the interests of all parties con- save the ship, as well as the lives of the cerned. It has to consider:— men, by undertaking, if they do so and 1st. The owners of property in danger, fail, or if the salvage reward earned is and to them it says: " It is no part of my less than they would have been entitled duty to risk my property in endeavouring to for saving life, to make up the differ- to save yours; but considering mine is on ence. the spot, and of such a nature as to be The Life-boats, in addition to the direct 1, 1884.] THE LIFE-BOAT JOUBNAL. 223

" property salvage services " they perform, the problem, far more likely to z&nlt in often contribute indirectly to this end by a fair settlement than the otherwise un- remaining by ships whilst efforts are being avoidable bargaining for a specific sum. made to rescue them from danger, the This, however, does not appear to be the presence of the Life-boat naturally giving [ opinion of some shipowners, for we have confidence to the vessels' crews, and in- I since been informed that the latter course ducing them to remain longer on board and is more frequently adopted than might be to make greater efforts to save their ship j expected, than otherwise would be the ease. The It is impossible to withdraw the ques- | j very essence and nature of salvage services tion of the remuneration to Life-boats for being that one party makes its living by salvage of property from the general the necessities and dangers of another, it category of remuneration for similar ser- is not easy to see how disputes are to be 1 vices. And it is, in our opinion, unrea- avoided, and their just settlement must sonable to expect men ia Life-boats to always be a very difficult question, in perform such services on terms more which it is absolutely impossible to satisfy favourable to the shipowners than they both sides. can possibly make with other people, There are also many side issues and simply because they belong to the same collateral questions, which complicate class, and have only the same source to matters and reader settlement more diffi- look to for remuneration. cult. One of these, that came to our The Institution relieves salvage pro- knowledge not long ago, was the positive perty from what would otherwise fre- refusal of the master of a vessel in con- quently be a very heavy charge, viz., that siderable danger, to aeeept the offer of a for saving the lives of the crew. The law Life-boat's crew to take the vessel to a makes this the first charge for salvage on place of safety, and to leave the question of the ship and her cargo, or any part that remuneration to be settled by arbitration. may be saved; but the Institution dis- He insisted on an agreement for a specific tinctly prohibits the Life-boat's crew from sum. It appears to us that the course making any such claim, and informs them ; suggested by the Life-boatmen would have they must look to the Institution only for been a reasonable and honest solution of reward.

WEATHEB FOBECASTS. THE forecasting of storms and weather- extraordinary high rate of locomotion. changes is generally supposed to be Within the last quarter of a century, wrapped in mystery, md the rules which however, considerable strides have been have from time to time been laid down made in satisfactory forecasting, in great for the assistance of the would-be fore- measure due to the careful investigation caster, to say the least, only experimental, of this interesting subject by the late whereas as a fact the general principles Admiral FITZ-BOT. can be demonstrated with almost perfect Everybody thinks he understands the accuracy. Failures must of course some- barometer, and many are guided entirely times happen, but then "the exception by it, even in the eommon-plaae m&ttst of proves the rule;" and there are certainly allowing, or not, as the case may be, an cases on record of great storms having umbrella to accompany them in their broken on our shores with little or no " walks abroad;" but still the barometer, warning, accompanied by heavy rains; although the best meteorological instru- but it must be remembered that most of ment we have, is not quite the safe guide the great storms which visit us have an most people think it is. The fact is, it

p 2 224 THE LIFE-BOAT JOURNAL. [FEBRUARY 1,1884. merely gives the weight of the air above ward, they have merely to get information it, and one reading must not be expected by telegraph from the west, and then they to give any idea as to what the coming are well prepared for whatever comes. weather will be. It is the change in the The majority of the storms which blow weight of the atmosphere which mates in the temperate zone of the northern the barometer a weather guide. hemisphere belong to weather systems A sudden or a rapid fall is a certain moving from S.W. to N.E. at the rate of sign of bad weather, and the sooner a rise 500 miles per diem; but it does not begins the shorter will be the stay of such necessarily follow that, because a violent unpleasing times; but nevertheless no con- storm is blowing on the western side of fidence can be placed in weather forecasts I the Atlantic Ocean, it will certainly reach resulting from the observation of one ; us in five days, it may be dispersed en barometer. Observations, to be of any j route, or its direction altered; then, again, value, should be made simultaneously at I a storm may rise in mid-ocean, and reach neighbouring places, so that the changes / us without baring visited any other which take place over a large tract of shore. country can be watched; this, with the It is quite a common thing to hear observation of certain clouds, sometimes people declaim against the inaccuracy of called " mare's-tails," form the main the official weather forecasts, which are features of weather forecasting. published daily in our newspapers, but the Some countries are better adapted than following figures, extracted from the others for successful forecasting, and most j Annual Report of the Meteorological other countries have the advantage over Office, will show that great reliance may us in this respect, owing to the fact that be placed on these forecasts. most changes in the weather have their The total number of storm warnings rise in the westward (i.e., in the Temperate justified was 81 • 9 per cent., and that of Zone), and move eastward, so that they weather forecasts for the various districts reach us from the Atlantic direct, and we into which Great Britain is divided varied have no opportunity of finding out what from 74 per cent, in Scotland to 81 per is taking place immediately to the west of cent, in " Scotland N." and " England us. This will account for the American S.," while the percentage of justification meteorologists being more successful in of the "Hay Harvest forecasts" ranged their weather prophecies than we are; from 64 per cent, in " England, N.E." to their eastern shore being their principal 84 per cent, in "England E." and the trade coast, and the storms travelling east- Midlands.

OUR INLAND BRANCHES. by its situation, which mark it out as the prin- GLASGOW. cipal commercial and manufacturing mart in Ix the last number of this Journal attention was Scotland. drawn to the valuable co-operation of the Man- The Clyde, upon which the city of Glasgow chester Branch, and the important services is situated, is the most important, though not rendered to the Life-boat cause in that city, the largest river, in Scotland as so many famous resulting, as was shown, in the presentation of towns are built on its banks. Glasgow occupies seventeen Life-boats to the Society, and an both sides of the river, and although at a dis- annual subscription list of from £250 to £300. tance of more than thirty miles from the river's We propose in this number to give a brief de- junction with the sea, the tide, which flows scription of Life-boat work in Glasgow during some way above the city, gives it a command the twenty-three years our Branch there has of trade and means of transport for commercial been in existence, calling particular attention purposes to all parts of the world. to the rapid strides in which the trade and ma- The harbour extends west from Glasgow- nufactures of this great Northern city have Bridge on either side of the river, which has grown, and to the peculiar advantages enjoyed been deepened from time to time, until, in the FBBEUABY 1,1884.] THE LIFE-BOAT JOUBNAL. 225 present day steamers of the largest class can be large, and increasing expenses of its Scotch admitted, and the wharves and docks afford the Life-boats, which then were far from being w most ample accommodation for vessels of every numerous aa could be desired. In the same year description. The fact that the city possesses the Glasgow Branch of the LIFE-BOAT INSTITD- an inland navigation and stream harbour spe- TIOH was started, a, circular convening a meeting cialities has made it the Scotch centre for trade for 2ist Hovember havingbeea sent out by Mr. uud commerce. ASDBBW RASHES. Mr. GEOKSE BUBHS, of It was here that Watt first began his ira-1 Castle Wemyss, presided, and many of the l»roveinents in the steam-engine, and the first j loading shipowners and merchants were present. boat in Europe successfully propelled by steam At this meeting Mr. ANDREW BAHKES was • was launched in the Clyde. appointed Hon. Secretary, and Captain ASDBEW The tonnage of sailing and steam-vessels, SMAU,, to whom allusion has already been and the steady increase in the Custom-House made, Treasurer. In 1865, Mr. AiEXAjn*Ba duties, best show the development of the river KAY presented the Institution, through this and harbour, and at the same time reflect the Branch, with £400 to defray the expense of a increasing prosperity of Glasgow. Life-boat; and, in recognition of this valuable Of all the trades and manufactures which gift and Captain SMALI/S other services, the have conduced to the prosperity of this great parent Institution awarded him a model of one city, and which include the special branches, of of their Life-boate. This model was subge- industry of our principal trade centres, such as neatly exhibited ia the Glasgow Working Men's cotton, coal, iron, &c., none has made such pro- fndustrial Exhibition, «nd through, the interest grew as that of steamship building. The it created, and Captain SMALL'S influence, the activity in this respect has men so great, that Working Men's Club started a fond to provide more than half the tonnage recently built in a. Life-boat, the cost of which was handed over the United Kingdom has come from the Clyde; to the Institution in 1870. and when we remember that the iron and coal The services of Mr. BANKEN to the Life-boat industries depend oa the shipbuilding trade, it cause unfortunately came to an end about 1866, will at once be seen how intimately the welfare consequent upon MB leaving the neighbourhood, of Glasgow ia bound up in shipping, which it and Mr. HOPE BOBBETSON, a well-knowa gentle- not only produces, but on which it depends for man and yachtsman, was appointed to succeed the import of raw materials to supply the manu- him. factories, and also for the export of manufac- In 1876 Captain S»iAl,iAi health gave way, tured goods to every quarter of the globe. and his son, Mr. JAMES A. SMAU>, having now It is needless to point out the accumulation become associated with Mm, took the game keen of wealth which must follow from the geo- interest in Life-boat work, and, on the death of graphical advantages of situation, and from the his father, the following year, he accepted the combination of BO many branches of industry; honorary office of treasurer, at the special re- the public buildings and private houses tes- quest of the Parent Society. The subscriptions tifying to the substantial condition of the and donations liave year by year steadily in- citizens. creased, the last balance-sheet showing re- We have not yet alluded to the herring fish- ceipts amounting to £510, exclusive of £128 eries, ftn important branch of industry in which received from Mr. O'HALLOBAN, of the Custom- large numbers of men are engaged and much House, and oiher donations sent from time to valuable property embarked, tjeeanse it is time by captains of vessels. not peculiar to Glasgow in particular, but to Other important branches have since sprung the coast of Scotland generally. Onr readers up at the different large centres, notably Edin- must have heard, only too frequently, of burgh and Dundee, by whose help the Institu- calamities that have befallen the fishing popu- tion has been able to place thirty-nine Life- lation on the north-east coast of Scotland, arising boats round the coast of Scotland, fully from the rapidity with which gales spring equipped with all necessary gear, including up from this dangerous quarter. transport, and means of (security to those who Notwithstanding, then, the importance of man them. Glasgow as a city interested in all measures Without such pecuniary aid, and the ec-ope- taken for the welfare and protection of the ration of the community at large, it would have sailor, and, in common with other communities, been impossible for the Society to have carried in the protection of the fisherman against the un- out its important duties. We cannot do better, in foreseen dangers of his calling, it is » matter for conclusion, than repeat the words contained in surprise that until the year 18S9 no branch ex- the closing paragraph of the Edinburgh Annual isted there to collect subscriptions in aid of Eeport for 1882 :—"The Committee of the a society whose province it was, and still Is, LIFE-BOAT ISSTITOTION confidently look to the to provide means of succour to those unfortunate public to do their part of the work by continuing enough to be east away on our shores. their liberal support to the maintenance of the About this time, viz, 1859, we find Captain Life-boat fleet—a fleet whose work is not to ANDREW SMALL is alluded to, ass having zealously sink ships and bombard cities, but to succour exerted himself among the citizens of Glasgow men ready to perish and to save valuable pro- in collecting £165 for the BOYAL NATIONAL perty from destruction." LIFE-BOAT fiwri'ro>rK»> to enable it to meet the 226 THE LIFE-BOAT JOUKNAL. [FKBBUAKY 1, 188d.

AN APPEAL FOE THE SAILOE.

, y ;

u, who dwell in homes of comfort, Say not, Oh, my means are little, Circled by the friends you prize ; I'm not able to be kind ! Don't forget the vessels tossing, Spare yourself a little pleasure, Can't you hear the Sailor's cries ? That another it may find. Cries for help, where no one hears him, Little drops make up the ocean. Cries for mercy from above, Life's composed of moments brief; Can't imagination picture ? Every thing is made of littles ; Can't you help him, out of love? Little helps to give relief. Dangers great, and perils many, All are human, all have feelings, And wild storms should melt the heart All susceptible to grief; Every thing around is teaching, Can't you, from some past experience, Every one to play his part. Offer Sailors some relief? Life's too brief for proud, vain glory, All have had some care or sorrow, Far too brief to sit at ease ; Most know what real trouble means; " Let us then be up and doing," Can't you picture tossing vessels ? If some grief we can appease. Can't you picture painful scenes ? Help the Sailor! help the Sailor ! Who is tossing far away; Rouse the feelings that are dormant, Help the Sailor! though 'tis little, Do not let them slumber on ; For lie's helping us to-day ; When the howling winds are singing, Helping to obtain our comforts, Can't you hear the cruel song ? Helping some to other scenes ; Lend your hand to tone the picture Gratitude should then reward him, Of revenge and painful strife; However small may be our means. Every one can help to rescue A Subscriber to the Settle Branch oj Some brave, honest Sailor's life. the Lifeboat Institution, FKBTOAET 1,1884,] THE LIFE-BOAT JOFBNAL. 227

THE LIFE-BOATS OF TH1 UNITED KINGDOM. stances intervened which prevented any Lin. LYMK BEGIS. The William Wood- farther progress being made. code, 33 feet by 8 feet, 10 oars. Lyme was fortunate enough to attract SITUATED in a valley between two hills, the attention of Edward the First, who, in on the extreme western seaboard of Dor- the free and easy fashion prevalent in setshire, Lyme Eegis has been a place of those days, appropriated to himself the some importance, not only in history, but title of Lord of the Manor, and presented also on account of the attention it has the little town to his wife Eleanor. The received from eminent geologists in con- addition of Begis was then first added, nection with the groat landslip •which oc- and from that time it has been styled curred in-December 1839, at Dowlands, Lyme Begis, or King's Lyme. j in the parish of Axmouth, about 8 miles The connection thus established was j west of the town. Many thousands of a source of great advantage to the town, | people have been attracted to the neigh- to* which privileges were granted denied bourhood in consequence, and no doubt a to less fortunate localities. In addition good many more have heard of, and a good it enjoyed the benefit of a harbour, and deal has been written on, this wonderful a large trade was thus attracted from all slip, which has proved such an attraction, parts of the world. and made this fascinating little watering The local name for this harbour is the place so well known. " Cobb/* which is in shape very much like The scenery too, on this part of the a sickle, the convex form of the curve coast is charming, and well repays visitors being presented to the S.W. It is shel- any fatigue they have experienced from tered on the N.E. side by a breakwater the journey- of stone, and the entrance to the harbour Four hoars rail from Waterloo will is effected between it and the ead of the I bring the traveller to Axminster, a town "Cobb." j once famous for the manufacture of car- The origin of the name " Cobb " is quite I pets, but this industry, like others, is now unknown and is peculiar to the place, j a thing of the past. Here a well-horsed and no record exists of its first construc- coach is in readiness at the Station to tion or of the name of the man who de- convey passengers by road to Lyme Begis, signed it. A violent storm caused great a distance of 5 miles. The drive eom- damage to the structure in the year 1824, mences with a hill 2 miles in length, at every vessel being swept out of the har- the summit of which a magnificent pano- bour. It was restored, however, at a cost rama of the surrounding county, or rather of above 17,0001, a grant of 13,000?. counties, fully repays one for the slowness being made by the House of Commons, of locomotion; for aithongh the horses are and the remainder was raised by the Cor- in capital condition, rather more than an poration. No other harbour of refuge hour is occupied with this final stage of exists between Torbay oa the west and the journey. Portland to the eastward. The population of Lyme is about 2,000, Although Lyme Eegis is protected ia and is decreasing, owing to the want of great measure from the swell of the ocean, railway communication with the outer being situated in the great bay between world, which is only accessible by the Start Point and Portland, the sea is never- above-mentioned drive to Axminster, or theless dangerous, a statement not to be by way of Oharmouth to Bridport, a denied with the example before us of the | distance of 10 miles through exquisite destruction of the Cobb in 1824, and scenery. vessels when driven out of their course A good many political railways have in thick weather by strong winds are j been projected, but from various causes liable to become embayed, and to work none have been commenced, though in one out again clear of the land is sometimes case the preliminaries were sufficiently a matter of difficulty. The dangers of advanced to warrant the first sod being this part of the coast are, in fact, so well turned. On that occasion the town re- known, that a wide berth is given to it joiced greatly, but here again circum- by passing vessels. One of the well- 228 THE LIFE-BOAT JOUBNAL. [FEBBUABY 1, 1884. known Channel landmarks is situated Thus, while minister and congregation between Lyme and Bridport, namely the have throughout these many ages been "Golden Cap;" so that as soon as land reciting in this church their belief in the can be seen a vessel immediately realises all-important doctrine of 'God in Three her danger. Persons, Blessed Trinity,' this sculptured A sea-wall protects that part of the pillar has ever been attesting by its silent town between the Cobb and the Assembly- symbol the. same great truth, that the rooms, and constitutes the Marine Parade Father is God; the Son, God; the Holy or "Walk," as it is termed. This pro- Ghost, God. The Father is not the Son; menade is quite sheltered by the cliffs the Son is not the Holy Ghost; the Holy from the keen N. and N.E. winds, and in Ghost is not the Father." the depth of winter, in fine weather, the The principal trade of Lyme Regis is old men may be seen seated on the the blue lias stone which is found in benches placed at intervals along the walk, seams iu the cliff-side, and is considered, basking in the sun and enjoying the when used under water for such purposes lovely view of the bay. as dock-making, to be equal to the best The east side of the town is unfortu- Portland cement. Large quantities are nately quite unprotected, and the church sent to Hull, where it is much used in cliffs are gradually crumbling into the the construction of the Hull and Barnsley sea. A portion of the churchyard has Dock. The houses are built principally already disappeared, and unless something of this stone, and some of them present is soon done for its security, the remainder a strange appearance due to their fronts is bound to follow. and sides being protected with slate to keep The parish church, dedicated to St. the damp out. The loss of land from the Michael, was rebuilt in the sixteenth slipping of the cliffs is principally due to century. The following extract is taken the agency of water, and has, no doubt, from a " Summer Day's Eamble on the been materially assisted by the excavation Cliffs," and is well worthy of notice:— of limestone at the base of the cliffs. "On the south side of the capital of The top-soil is composed of chalk and one of the pillars are the initials W. D. in a green, porous sand, and rests on a solid a shield. These are the initials of William seam of the lias clay, which has a natural Daye, who was Mayor of Lyme in 1491, incline or slope towards the sea. The in the reign of Henry VII. But more water draining through, until it reaches valuable than this is the doctrine in the impervious lias seam, is thrown out stones which is found near the Corpora- in large quantities. The top soil is by tion pew, and on the capital facing south, this means considerably affected, and that there is seen a beautifully - executed nearest the lias becomes impregnated with symbol, known as St. Jerome's esoteric water, so that, aided by the dip of the symbol of the Holy Trinity. The follow- lias seam, all the requisite material is ing is an outline of the ancient symbol:— furnished for a slip of the slimy mass along the inclined and slippery surface of the clay to a lower level. In the year 1852 the attention of the Life-boat Institution, then termed the " National Shipwreck Institution,'' was called by Captain Willoughby, command- ing the Coastguard, to the want of a Life- boat at Lyme Eegis. A boat, designed by Mr. Peake on the self-righting principle, was accordingly ordered to be built, and the year following was sent to its destina- tion. Her first wreck service was accom- plished in January 1854, under very trying circumstances, when she was in- strumental in saving a crew of five men. This boat was superseded by another boat in 1866, and has saved 26 lives and rescued two vessels from destruction. FEBRUARY 1, 1884.] THE LIFE-BOAT JOUENAL. 229

It was in this bay that the late Mr. the task of rendering aid to those in Walter Powell, M.P., in the Government danger from shipwreck by Life-boats and balloon " Saladin," was blown out to sea shore-boats, is entrusted to the Life-boat and was never heard of again. It may be Institution. This may be thought by some in the recollection of our readers, that on to be too strong an assertion, but it is not the 10th December, 1881, the Government so, for the Institution annually devotes balloon "Saladin," in charge of Captain very considerable sums to rewarding Templar, B.E., who was accompanied by efforts to save life by shore-boats, &c., in- Mr. W. Powell and Mr. Gardner, left Bath, cluding some of the thirty-two private and passing over Somerset, proceeded in Life-boats on our coasts, which are un- the direction of the Dorsetshire coast. connected with it. This division of the Finding the balloon was rapidly drifting work might appear at first sight a less desir- seaward, they attempted to descend in the able arrangement than for the whole to be neighbourhood of Bridport. The violence under one head as in Denmark; but prac- with which she came to the ground was tice does not show that the least inconve- so great that Captain Templar and Mr. nience arises from the dual arrangement, Gardner were thrown out, and escaped the only requirement being a hearty and with slight injuries. Their less fortunate cordial co-operation between the two in companion succeeded in retaining his seat, carrying out the work; this satisfactory and the balloon, released from the weight state of affairs we are happy to acknow- of two of the occupants of the car, in- ledge exists, and cannot but be streng- stantly rose to a great altitude, and passed thened, we trust, by every occasion of rapidly out to sea. A telegram was imme- combined service that may occur. diately sent by Lloyd's agent at Bridport, Indeed, we hold that difference of to Mr. Mahoney, commanding the coast- nationality, organization, and government guard at Lyme Eegis, stating what had cannot, in such a work, weaken the bonds occurred, and requesting that the Life- of sympathy and accord that entitle us to boat might be sent in search. The boat welcome all engaged in it as our comrades was at once launched and remained out and brothers in arms. If this is true, any all night, but finding no vestige of the notes on foreign life-saving services must balloon, returned to her station in the be interesting to all with any feelings of morning. sympathy for this great work; more par- A new house is now being built for ticularly such as those connected with the Life-boat on a different site, which such a gallant little nation as Denmark, will permit of easier access to the har- with whom we have such intimate rela- bour. The Station is under the super- tions, and so many points in common. vision of a Local Committee, composed of The recent gratifying visit we received resident gentlemen, who by their personal from Herr ANDEKSEN, the Inspector of the influence maintain local interest and at Danish service, for the purpose of seeing the same time keep a careful watch over how we work is a fair testimony to the the Life-boat establishment committed to reciprocity of feeling that exists. their charge. We learnt from him that during the thirty years the Danish Service has been in existence, fourteen lives have been sacri- SAVING LIFE FEOM SHIPWRECK ficed on service and eight on exercise. IN DENMAEK. It is impossible here to touch upon the controversy as to the respective THE Danish Life-saving service is con- merits of self-righting and non-self- centrated in one department under the righting boats; but we trust our Government, and not as in this country, gallant friends, whose country un- divided between the Government and the doubtedly produces as good seamen as BOYAI NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION, can be found anywhere, will not be a charitable society incorporated by Eoyal offended at our expressing a regret that Charter, and entirely supported by volun- they have not adopted the former prin- tary contributions. With us, the Eocket ciple more largely. They have at present Apparatus, which renders such valuable only two self-righting boats, and Herr service every year, is under the control of Andersen (in addition to the usual argu- the Government, and practically speaking, ments in favour of the non-self-righting 230 THE LIFE-BOAT JOURNAL. [FEBBUABY 1, 1884.

boats) explained to us that the sands on We as fellow-workers in the same good many parts of their coast being very soft, work, cannot conclude without wishing it is necessary that their boats should the Danish Life-saving Service every suc- be as light as possible. cess, and a hearty " God speed." The general dimensions of the Danish Life-boats are 30 feet by 8 feet, with a 6-inch fender or wale, air-cases for extra flotation and means for freeing them- UNITED STATES LIFE-SAVING selves of water. They pull ten oars, and SEEVICE. . draw about 1 foot of water, weighing 34 cwt. Judging from their dimensions, IN the Eeport of the General Superin- and the drawings which have been kindly tendent of the Life-saving Service, it is sent us, the boats are doubtless good and stated that there were at the close of the serviceable, and in the hands of the able last flscal year 194 stations, 149 being on descendants of the " Vikings," will con- the Atlantic, 37 on the Lakes, 7 on the tinue to do valuable and important services Pacific, and 1 at the Falls of the Ohio, worthy of their ancient fame. Louisville, Ky. There were 800 disasters In Denmark, there are forty-nine Life- to documented vessels within the field of saving stations, of which forty-two are in station operations. There were 3,792 Jutland—six on the Island of Borholm, persons on board these vessels, of whom and one in Moen. More than one-half of 3,777 were saved and only 15 lost. The these are supplied with Life-boats and number of vessels totally lost was 68. In Eocket Apparatus. Of the remainder, addition, there have been 116 disasters to about one-fourth ate Life-boat stations smaller craft, such as sail-boats, row-boats, and three-fourths Eocket stations only. &c., on which were 244 persocs, 240 of The service appears to have been first whom were saved and 4 lost. established about the same time as this The results of all the disasters within Institution commenced that remarkable the scope of the service aggregate there- expansion which has resulted in its pre- fore, as follows: Total number of disasters, sent development and position, viz., in 416; total value of property involved, 1850, and has, by means of its Life-boats $7,242,720; total value of property saved, and Eocket Apparatus, saved 4,246 lives. $5,671,700; total value of property lost, During the past year 123 vessels went $1,571,020; total number of persons ashore on the coasts of Denmark, of which involved, 4,036; total number of persons 67 became total wrecks, and 56 were got saved, 4,017; total number of persons lost, off again. From 82 of these vessels 143 19; total number of shipwrecked persons lives were rescued by the service alone, succoured at stations, 651; total number viz., 88 by Life-boats, and 55 by the of days' succour afforded, 1879. j Eocket Apparatus; and 368 persons were In addition to those saved from vessels, saved by their own boats, or by help from there were 22 persons rescued who had the shore, 28 lives being lost. fallen from wharves, &c. The number of As with ourselves, these great services disasters during the year exceed by 71 have not been rendered with impunity, the number of disasters of the year pre- 14 Life-boatmen having lost their valuable ceding, which was considerably larger lives in their gallant endeavours to save than that of any previous year in the others. history of the service.

ADDITIONAL STATIONS AND NEW LIFE-BOATS. ABANMORE ISLAND, COUNTY DONEGAL. Life-boat work ; but here there are occa- —On the application of the local residents, sional small inlets or coves with patches the NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION has of sand where a Life-boat can be made formed a Life-boat establishment on Aran- available, and as lives have been lost from more Island on the north-west coast of shipwrecks on the island on account of Ireland. The coast in this direction is there being no suitable boat to put off to mostly iron-bound and unsuitable for save the perishing seamen, the Committee FEBBBABY 1,1884.] THE LIFE-BOAT JGUBNAL. 231 decided to place a Life-boat there. The neighbourhood being very poor but little CIVIL SEBYICE LIFE-BOAT FUND. pecuniary help could be secured for the undertaking; bat the site for the boathouse The annual meeting of the Committee and slipway wag kindly granted by the of the CMl Service Life-boat Ftmd was landed proprietor, Lieutenant F, Charley, held on the 9th ult., and was presided a local committee was organised, and a good coxswain and crew readily came for- over by Mr. H. HAINES, of the House of ward, and expressed their readiness to Lords. The Beport, which was read by man the Life-boat. The expense of the Mr. CHABLES DIBBIK, the honorary secre- boat and equipment was defrayed from a tary, stated that during the past year legacy bequeathed to the Institution by there had been a satisfactory increase in the late BIOHABD YAKDEUTDB, Esq.., of the number of subscribers, of whom there Dublin, and the boat is named the are now 7,121, and that the Fund had Vandeleur, ' In November last the boat during 1883 endowed the Life-boat OtvO arrived safely at its station. It was taken by railway to Liverpool, thence it was Service No, 3, and also presented to the granted a free passage to Londonderry on National Institution a fourth Life-boat, board one of the steamers belonging to the which is to be placed at Walmer. An Belfast Steamship Company (Limited), appeal was made for the necessary funds and from that port it was, by permission for the endowment of this boat. The of the Admiral-Superintendent of Naval three other Life-boats which have been Beserves, towed to its station by one of presented by the CMl Service to the Her Majesty's coastguard cruisers. The National Institution and endowed are Vandeleur, which is 37 feet long, 8 feet wide, and rows 12 oars, double-banked, stationed respectively at Tynemouth, Port is reported to have behaved admirably Patrick, and Wexford, and have beea the while in tow of the steamer, during which means of saving 156 lives and three time strong westerly winds and heavy sea vessels. were encountered.

S1BYIC1S OF THE LIFE-BOATS OF THE NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION—(cmtinwd.) AUJBOROTOSH, SUFFOLK.—At 7.30 AM. coming ashore. On its arrival the master on the 6th December, 1883, a sudden gale requested the services of the Life-boat, from the N.I. sprang up accompanied by and the Out-Pensioner Life-boat accord- a very rough sea. The fleet of fishing ingly went to the vessel and placed twelve boats was out, and two of the boats were men on board, who rendered every assist- unable to cross the shoals. The coxswain ance. About 6.40 F.M. the barque floated of the Life-boat was also at sea at the and was taken to Kingstown. time, but reaching the shore with difficulty immediately assembled the crew of the BAILYOOTTOK, COBK,—The fishing yawl George ffaunsfietd Life-boat, went off to Daring, of Ballycotton, was overtaken by- the assistance of the two boats, and brought a sadden gale from the W.N.W. while safely ashore their crews, numbering six lifting her nets in the bay at about 11.30 men. A,M. on the 17th October, The crew were unable to pull against the wind and broke ABKLOW, IBELANB,—At 3 P.M. on the five oars in trying to do so. Seeing that 28th December the Italian barque Marina they were in imminent danger the Oliver Benvemito, bound from Liverpool to Cardiff £/eItfesw'£& Life-boat was promptly launched in ballast, was observed ashore on the and succeeded in reaching them in time to -Arklow bank. The wind was blowing save the boat and her crew of six men, from the 8.W., the weather was hazy, and the sea smooth. Just as she was reported BAU,TWAI,TEE, Co. DOWH.—On Sunday to be in distress her boat was seen to be morning the 30th September, at about half- 232 THE LIFE-BOAT JOURNAL. [FKBBTJABY 1,1884. past four o'clock the Coastguard watchman rough and heavy for the galley, and as observed a dim light in the direction of the the wind was freshening and the sea was Skull Martin Rock. The Coastguard galley getting heavier it was considered best to was immediately manned and went off to return to shore in order to obtain the ser- render assistance. It was found that the vices of the Life-boat. On landing it was vessel was the barque Cuyuni, of Glasgow, seen that signals of distress were still bound from that port to Demerara with a shown by the vessel, and all haste was general cargo. The sea proved to be too therefore made in assembling the crew of

the Admiral Henry Meynell Life-boat and The remainder of those on board, fourteen in getting that boat launched. On reach- in number, were then rescued, and the ing the vessel she took off some of the crew vessel afterwards became a total wreck. and brought them ashore, the master and other officers refusing to leave the ship. BLYTH, NORTHIFMBEBLAND. — On the No sooner, however, had the Life-boat 21st July a strong wind sprang up from ' landed than the vessel again showed sig- the E.N.E., accompanied by a heavy sea, nals, and the Life-boat returned to her. and several of the Newbiggin fishing boats FJEBSUABY 1,1884.] THE LIFE-BOAT JOURNAL. 233

were compelled to leave Newbiggin Bay tember a terrific gale of wind Mew from and run to Blyth Harbour for shelter. the S., and the sea was very heavy. The Two of them — the Charity and the Joseph Armstrong Life-boat put off at 3 Samaritan—while endeavouring to make P.M., and conducted safely ashore one of the harbour got too far to leeward, and the steam fishing-launches belonging to went ashore on the west beach. The Cadgwith, which had been overtaken by Blyth No. 1 Life-boat, the SaJfvrd, went the gale, and was in. great danger. to their assistance, and brought ashore their crews, numbering eleven men. She OAIBTEB AND WIHTEBTON NORFOLK,— also went to another boat, the Janet The Oaister No. 1 Life-boat Covent Garden Thompson, which was riding at anchor put off on the 19th September and re- and landed her erew of seven men. mained by the stranded steamer Jsis, of Newcastle, as the vessel had a large BsrDLINGTOH, YOBKSUXBB. About 10 number of men on board who were dis- P.M. on the loth October a gale of wind charging the cargo. The boat also ren- from the S. sprang up, and there being at dered assistance in conveying some of the sea five open fishing-boats, belonging to men to a tug; she remained in attendance the port, which in consequence of the on the vessel until she floated on the follow- heavy sea could not make the harbour ing evening. The Winterton No, 2 Life- without great danger, the John Abbott boat, the Jfustandf also went to the aid of Life-boat was launched so as to be able to the vessel at about 4 P.SI, on the 19th Sep- render assistance if necessary. Two of tember, and remained by her until the the boats managed to enter the harbour, morning of the 24th September. leaving the others at sea; whereupon the The Oaister No. 2 Life-boat, the God- Life-boat was launched and was held in send, was launched at 1 A.M. on the 29th readiness until about 3 A.M., when one of September to the aid of the schooner Mar- the boats being seen the Life-boat at once quis, of Anglesea, which had stranded on proceeded towards her and brought her the north end of the Barber Sand, during safely into harbour. a strong wind from the S.S.W. With the help of the Life-boat crew the vessel was BKOOKE, ISLE OF WIGHT.—The steamer got afloat and taken into Yarmouth har- Castle Craig, of Liverpool, stranded on bour. She was on a voyage from Newry to Brooke Ledge during thick weather and a Newcastle with a cargo of stone, and car- heavy sea on the 14th December. At ried a crew of four men. about 4 A.M., her signals of distress being At about 3 A.M. on the 20th of October observed, the crew of the George and Anne large flares were seen in the direction of Life-boat were summoned and the boat the Middle Cross Sand.and guns androekets •went to the assistance of the stranded were fired by the Cockle and St. Nicholas vessel. Much difficulty and danger were lightships. The Caister No. 1 Life-boat incurred in laying near the vessel so as to Offaent Garden was launched, and found take the crew off, but eventually this was the barque Arab, in ballast from London safely accomplished, and in two trips the to Newcastle with a crew of fifteen men, boat brought ashore thirty-one men. The lying to in the centre of the Middle Cross steamer was on a voyage from Odessa to Sand. The Life-boat let go her anchor, Antwerp with a cargo of grain, oilcake veered down, and with great difficulty and feathers, boarded her. The master requested the Life-boatmen to try to get the vessel off, BUBHHAM, SOKEBSETSHIBB.—The Life- and this having been successfully accom- boat- Cheltenltam was launched at 4.30 A.M. plished, a steam-tug was engaged to tow on the 3rd September to the assistance of her into Yarmouth harbour. The wind the brigantine Milo, of Brisham, which was blowing fresh from the S.W. by W. had stranded on the Gore Sands during a and there was a nasty sea on the sand. heavy gale from the "W.N.W. At the The No. 1 Life-boat Covent Garden was request of the master, the Life-boat also launched at 1 A.M. on the 18th No- remained for some time alongside the vember in reply to large flares which, bad vessel. been observed in the direction, of the North Scroby Sand, when the barge CABGWITH, CORNWALL,—On the 1st Sep- Qm-son, of Wisbeaeli, was discovered riding

p 4 234 THE LIFE-BOAT JOURNAL. [FEBRUARY 1, 1884. at anchor with all the appearances of boatmen then communicated with the sinking. The crew of four men were taken Lighthouse keepers, and were told that into the Life-boat, which remained by the the crew of the vessel were all safe on vessel for some time, but the wind and the rock, and that it was impossible for sea becoming so strong that it was con- them to make a landing during the night. sidered dangerous for the boat to stay by The coxswain asked if he should remain her any longer, she proceeded to Yarmouth by until the morning, and did so at their and landed the men at the Britannia request. At daybreak an attempt was pier. The barge was afterwards towed made to take the men off; but the sea into Yarmouth harbour, the gale having was too heavy to admit of this being done. abated. Shortly afterwards the tug Ruby of Wex- Signals of distress were seen on the ford, having a whale-boat in tow, came north part of the Barber Sand at 7 A.M. on up, and by the united efforts of both the 7th December during a fresh N.E. crews, all the men were got off safely with wind and a heavy sea. The Cockle light- the exception of one, who remained to ship was also firing guns and rockets. take charge of the captain's property. The Covent Garden Life-boat was launched The wrecked ship was the White Star, of and found the barque Zelos, of Grimstad, Liverpool, bound from Calcutta to Liver- laden with deals, ashore on the sands. pool, with a cargo of jute, and having a The boat went alongside and with diffi- crew of thirty men. culty took off the crew of ten men ; a rope was then made fast to the vessel and the CHAPEL, LINCOLNSHIRE.—A vessel was boat veered clear of the breakers and observed with two jibs set and signals of dropped her anchor. She rode about distress flying in her main rigging, about three-quarters of an hour, when the sea, a mile from the shore, during a very which was breaking over the vessel, forced strong breeze from the S. by E. and a her over the sand clear of the breakers. heavy sea, at 9 A.M. on the 16th The boat was then hauled to her, and a November. The Landseer Life-boat put rope was taken to a steam-tug. The off to her assistance, and found she was barque was subsequently towed to Har- the ketch Annie, of Goole, bound from wich full of water. Before the Life-boat Goole to London with a cargo of stone. reached her one of her own boats had Her rudder had been carried away by the been launched, into which all the crew got gale during the previous night, and she with the exception of the master; but the then became unmanageable. With the sea was found to be so heavy that they all assistance of the Life-boat the vessel and went on board again. Soon afterwards her crew of three men were taken safely the painter parted and the boat floated to Grimsby. away and was driven ashore bottom upwards. CLACTON-ON-SKA.—About noon on the The Covent Garden Life-boat was also 2nd September a gale was blowing from launched at 2.15 A.M. on the 17th Decem- the S.S.W., accompanied by a very heavy ber, in reply to signals of distress, during sea, and as several vessels were lying off a strong N.N.E. wind and a very heavy the coast, and riding heavily at their sea. She found the brig Clara, of Dublin, anchors, the crew of the Life-boat Albert bound from Liverpool to the Tyne with a Edward, with launchers and horses, were cargo of salt, had lost her main topmast held in readiness should their services be • and was waterlogged with 7 feet of water called into requisition. At about 2 P.M. in her hold. Some of the Life-boat men it was seen that the Norwegian barque boarded her, and, with the assistance of a Rome, bound from Finland to London steam-tug, took her into Lowestoft harbour. with a cargo of firewood, had cut away her She carried a crew of seven men. foremast as well as parted her cable and was driving towards the sand. As soon CARNSORE, IRELAND.—At about 7 P.M. as it was possible to launch the Life-boat on the 24th December, a signal of dis- she went out through 'a heavy sea under tress was shown from the Tuskar Eock. close-reefed sails, reached the wreck and The Iris Life-boat proceeded there and rescued the crew, consisting of fourteen found a wrecked vessel, which was hailed, men, arriving at Clacton with them at but no answer was received. The Life- 12.40 A.M. FEBEPAEY 1,1884,] THE LIFE-BOAT JOURNAL. 2.35 At 3 P.H. on the 3rd of October, a large lowing day, the weather having moderated barque was seen ashore an the West Gun- the crew returned to-their vessel. fleet Sands, and with the aid of a power- ful telescope a signal of distress was made EASTBOUBNX.—In the afternoon of the out. The crew of the Albert Edward 24th of September, during a strong gale Life-boat were at once summoned, and from the S.W., and a rough sea, it was the Boat was soon launched and went to reported that a large vessel was ashore the aid of the vessel, which proved to be the near Bexhill Coastguard Station. The Danmark, of Bragor, bonnd from Sands- Wittiam and Mary Life-boat was taken to wall to Chatham timber-laden, with a crew the spot, when it was found that the of twelve men. A gale of wind was blow- barque Isabella, of Brammen, Norway, ing from the N., accompanied by a rough bonnd from Fredriekstadt to Honfteur sea, and as the vessel had a heavy lifit to with a cargo of battens and boards, had starboard, the master engaged the services missed stays, and had been driven on the of the Life-boat's crew to throw the deck rocks. The boat's anchor was let go, and cargo overboard, which they continued to she veered down to the vessel, from the do until 1 -o'clock on the following morn- stern of which the crew of eight men ing. The steam-tag Bristol then towed dropped into the Life-boat, and were at the barque afloat, and took her to the once landed at Bexhill. When the boat Swin Middle Light, bat owing to the force arrived, the sea was breaking heavily over of the gale, it was impossible to take her the wreck, her foremast was gone, and farther; she was, therefore, anchored only her main and mizen lower-masts were until 6 A.M., when the tow-line was again standing; her bowsprit had also been made fast, and she was taken to Chatham, carried away. arriving there at 12.30 P.M., the Life-boat- On Sunday the 25th November, intel- men keeping her pumps going all day. ligence was received that a large foreign The Life-boat was afterwards towed back barque was riding at her anchors offBeachy to its station. Head Lighthouse, in a very dangerous At daybreak on the 6th of November, position, with a signal of distress flying. the Life-boat was launched to the assist- With as little delay as possible, the crew ance of a ship on the West Gunfleet i of the William and Mary Life-boat were Sands, which was found to be the brigan- | mustered, and the Boat, mounted on its tine ISsta/ette, of Faversham, bound from transporting carriage, started for Biding the Tyne to Whitstable with coal. She was Gap, drawn by seven horses. The route leaking badly, and the master had made taken was through Meads, where three all preparations for leaving her;" but additional horses were procured, and with after some consultation it was agreed this extra power, she speedily mounted that the Life-boatmen, assisted by some the hill, and crossed the downs to Birling smacksmen, should try to get her afloat. Gap, a distance altogether of five miles. After much pumping, and throwing over- There the boat was obliged to be taken board part of the cargo, the vessel floated off her carriage, as the Gap had to be off the sands at high water, and was taken •widened to admit even of the passage of to Sheerness, the pumps being kept going the boat, and the incline was very sharp. all the time, and placed on the mad.. She The lower part of the Gap had been had a crew of nine men. washed away by the sea, but this diffi- culty was overcome by using some long OLOVKLLY, DBVOK.—The ketch Minnie pieces of timber which were fortunately on Flossie, of MOford, while lying at anchor the spot. Under the superintendence of off Olovelly during a fresh gale of wind the coxswain, the boat was by great from the N.W., and squally weather, on exertions got safely down to the beach, the evening of the 2nd September, showed and was launched at 1.15. The wind was a signal of distress. The Life-boat Graham blowing a gale from the S.S.W., and a Hvgkes put off to her aid through a rough tremendous sea was rolling in. At about sea, and found that she was riding heavily 2 o'clock, after a very hard struggle at her anchors, and that her crew of against the head sea, the midship oars three men were anxious to be put ashore. being double-banked, the vessel was They were accordingly taken into the reached; she was then opposite the Gap, Life-boat and safely landed. On the fol- about a mile from shore, labouring heavily 236 THE LIFE-BOAT JOUBNAL, [FEBBFABY 1,1884. in the seas with two anchors down, sails at Fleetwood, the tag taking charge of torn, and spars carried away. A storm of the barque and towing her to her desti- rain then earns on, and the vessel and nation. Life-boat were hidden from the view of the spectators who lined the cliffs. After FBASEBBUKGH.—At 8.30 A.M. on the a period of suspense, the Life-boat wag 25th of October the schooner Eclipse, of seen making for the shore, and in gallant Dundee, bound from Suaderland to Little style she took the beach almost close to Ferry with coal, showed signals of distress the spot from whence she had started, while riding in the bay. The Cosmo and and landed the rescued crew of eleven Charles Life-boat proceeded to her assist- men. The Life-boat had anchored as ance, found that she had parted one of close as possible to the vessel, and the her cables and that the crew, consisting of crew were then hauled into her. The four men, wished to be brought ashore, as poor fellows, who were in a very ex- the wind was blowing a gale from the hausted state, one of them having sus- W.N.W. and the sea was rough. They tained a fracture of the ribs, were taken were accordingly taken into the boat and to the Coastguard Station, where they safely landed. The vessel drove ashore on received every attention from the Chief the sands south of Fraserhorgh about half Officer and the Coastgaardmen. The an hour after the men had been rescued. Life-boat was got up the Gap with con- At about 4.30 A.M. on the 12th Decem- siderable difficulty, and arrived back at ber, daring a gale from the N.E., which her station about 7.80. The distressed for its violence was said to be the worst vessel was the barque New Brunswick, of experienced on this coast, since the one Brevig, 480 tons, bound from Quebec to when the Tay bridge disaster took place, West Hartlepool, with a cargo of deals. the schooner Baroness Strathspey, of and Subsequently, on the weather moderating, from Portsoy for Sunderland in ballast, the ship and cargo were taken safely to came into the bay and was driven on to Newhaven by the tug and Life-boat from the sands about half a mile south of Fra- there. serburgh. The Cosmo and CJtarles Life-boat put off to her assistance and succeeded in , YOBKSHIBK. — On the morning of rescuing two of her crew, the other three Sunday, the 2nd September, the wind blew men having been saved by the rocket a fresh gale from the S.S.E. Several fish- apparatus. ing yawls were lying at anchor in the bay, and, the sea being heavy, their crews were G-BIMBBY,—At 9 A.M. on the 12th De- unable to go off to them in their own cember the Manchester Unity Life-boat was boats. The use of the Hotton Life-boat launched to the assistance of the schooner was granted to the men to convey them Margaret of Carnarvon, which was ashore to the vessels in order to lower their masts on the Trinity Sands with a signal of dis- so that the boats might ride more easily tress in her rigging. The Life-boat took at anchor. off the vessel's crew of four men and brought them ashore. The wind was FMBTWOOD, LANCASHIRE. —A t 5.45 A.M. blowing a strong gale from the N.W. and on the 10th August, it was reported that the sea was heavy. a vessel had dragged her anchor and was in distress about 2 miles N.E. of the GBOOKSPOBT, IRELAND.—At 8.30 A.M. Wyre Light. The wind was blowing a on the 29th September it was reported strong gale from the N.W., and a heavy that two vessels were dragging their cross sea was running at the time. The anchors and were likely to be driven Life-boat Child of Sale was launched and ashore at Bangor Point. A heavy gale proceeded, in tow of the tug FyMe, to the was Wowing from the N.E. and the sea vessel, which was found to be the Nor- was broken and heavy at the time. The wegian barque Jenny, bound to Glasson Life-boat Florence put off and rescued the Dock with a cargo of timber. Her fore erew of six men from the schooner Miss and main masts had been cat away, and Pritchard, of Carnarvon, and three men she was in a dangerous position. She from the schooner William Henry of Car- had a Liverpool pilot on board, who was narvon. The seamen's effects were also taken off by the Life-boat and landed brought to land by the Life-boat. Fortu- FEBRUARY 1, 1884.] THE LIFE-BOAT JOUBNAL. 237 nately the vessels held to their anchors blown to ribbons. A Yarmouth tug had about half a cable's length from the rocks tried to take her to a place of safety, but and rode out the gale in safety. her towrope had parted twice, and the mate—the master being disabled—re- HOLYHEAD.—Signals of distress were quested the Life-boat to remain by lier. seen in the bay at 8.30 P.M. on the llth The crew of the schooner were too ex- December during a very heavy gale from hausted to work the vessel, some of the the W.N.W. The Thomas Fielden Life-boat Life-boatmen therefore boarded her and put off and found the schooner Dorothy rendered assistance. Eventually, with the and Mary, of Carnarvon, coal laden from aid of a steamer, the schooner and the Newcastle to Dublin, dragging her anchors Life-boat were taken into Lowestoft har- near the Clipera buoy. The crew of four bour. men were taken into the Life-boat and In response to three guns fired from the safely landed. The schooner became a Gorton lightship the Lowestoft Life-boat total wreck. was also launched at about 9 A.M. on the 17th December and was towed out by the KINGSTOWN, IRELAND.—At 11.30 P.M. tug Rainbow. The wind was blowing half on the llth December it was reported that a gale from the N.E. accompanied by a some fishermen were in danger on board a heavy sea. Owing to the mist at sea no wreck on the North Bull Sands. It ap- vessel could be seen until the lightship peared that a number of open boats were was approached, when the trawler Magic, fishing near the spot when a heavy W. of Hull, was found disabled having all her gale suddenly broke upon them. Some of sails split; she had lost her mizen-mast, them succeeded in reaching the land, but her anchor was gone, the sea was making a four were driven on shore and lost. Their clean sweep of her deck and she was fast crews took refuge on the wreck in ques- driving on to the sands, where she would tion, but as the sea was washing over undoubtedly have been wrecked. At the them they were in great danger. The request of the master some of the Life- Hector Life-boat promptly went to their boat crew got on board, and the tug took aid and succeeded in rescuing six men both the vessel and the Life-boat in tow who were in a very exhausted condition. and brought them into Lowestoft harbour, arriving there at about 11.30 A.M. The LOSSIKMOUTH, SCOTLAND.—The schooner trawler had a crew of five men. Magdalina, of Inverness, bound from Sun- derland to Dingwall with coal, was struck LTTHAM, LANCASHIRE.—The Charles by a sudden squall off Burgh Head on the Biggs Life-boat was launched at 12.30 25th October. Her sails were carried away, P.M. on the 5th November, in reply to and she came into Lossiemouth bay and signals of distress shown by the flat Eve- dropped anchor. At 8 A.M. she showed lina, of Euncorn, bound from Douglas, signals of distress, in reply to which Jthe Isle of Man, to Euncorn with a cargo of Bristol and Clifton Life-boatwas launched, railway iron. The vessel was anchored and brought ashore her crew of four men near the edge of a sandbank and was in and their effects. The wind was then imminent danger, the wind blowing a blowing a strong gale from the W.N.W. gale from the W.N.W. The Life-boat accompanied by a heavy sea. Towards brought ashore her crew of three men and the afternoon the gale abated, and a a boy. The same night she again went off fishing-boat went off and took ropes from to the vessel, remained by her all night the harbour to the vessel by means of and brought her into port on the following which she was hauled into safety. morning. At 8 A.M. on the 13th December a large LOWESTOFT.—The schooner Swift, of barque, which proved to be the Mermaid, Eye, bound to that port from Seaham with of Cardiff, bound from Quebec to Liver- coal, was seen with a flag of distress pool with a cargo of timber—was seen at during a gale from the N.W. and a heavy anchor just clear of the banks lying at sea at about 11 A.M. on the 12th December, the mouth of the Eibble, and displaying and the Samuel Plimsoll Life-boat there- signals of distress. The Charles Biggs upon went to her assistance. She had lost Life-boat was launched without delay, and both her anchors and her sails had been was towed by the steam-tug Friend of All 238 THE LIFE-BOAT JOURNAL. [FEBBUABY 1, 1884.

Nations as far to windward as the tug mizen-mast. They were all taken into could safely go. The Life-boat then rowed the Life-boat, and the crew were put on a distance of two miles against wind aud board the Rover and conveyed to Liverpool tide to the distressed vessel. After pulling landing-stage; while the master and his for some time the Life-boat fortunately wife were landed at New Brighton by the fell in with the vessel's two boats contain- Life-boat. The ship was the Nuncio, of ing the crew of the barque, numbering Yarmouth, N.S., bound from Liverpool to twenty-one men, together with the master's New Orleans with a cargo of salt. She two daughters. They were all taken into left the Canada dock in tow of a steam- the Life-boat and brought ashore. A tug at about 2 o'clock in the afternoon. strong W.S.W. gale was blowing at the The wind was blowing hard at the time, time, the sea was very heavy, and in and during the evening the hawser parted all probability the ship's boats would have and she was driven on the Little Burbo been swamped if they had attempted to bank, where she remained fast. At first reach the shore in such a storm. The her position was not considered unsafe, barque had become unmanageable, having and the tug left her; but afterwards the lost her sails and rudder. captain was obliged to signal for assist- ance. The vessel subsequently became a MONTBOSK.—On the 26th September total wreck. the wind, which had been blowing from The following is a copy of a gratifying the S.S.E., towards the afternoon increased letter from the master of the Nuncio, to a gale, with a heavy sea and much rain. which appeared in the Liverpool Daily Post At about 6.45 a steamer was seen attempt- of the 9th of October:— ing to run for the harbour, but she was driven to leeward. She subsequently kept " To the Editor of The Daily Post'. a more southerly course, but became un- "Sir,—Allow me, through the medium of manageable owing to the wind and sea, and your columns, to express my thanks to the cap- about 7 o'clock, it being then dark, she tain and crew of the NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT IN- STITUTION'S New Brighton Life-boat, for their struck the outer end of the Annat Bank. gallant conduct and devotion in saving the The Life-boat crew were summoned, and lives of my wife and of every member of the the No. 1 boat Mincing Lane was launched, crew of the Nuncio, under circumstances of and found the vessel to be the s.s. Ennis- great difficulty, owing to the very heavy sea and darkness prevailing. more, of Peterhead, bound from that port " I also beg to thank Mr. WHITTLE, the master to Amble in ballast, with a crew of ten of the Life-boat, and his wife, for the very men. With considerable difficulty the men great kindness shown to my wife, the mate, were taken into the Life-boat and brought and myself, at their house, when we were suf- fering severely from exposure, the more espe- to land in safety at about 8 o'clock. The cially as Mr. and Mrs. WHITTLE declined to Life-boatmen afterwards assisted to get receive any remuneration for their valuable the vessel afloat. services. " Yours, &c., NEW BBIGHTON.—The steam-tug Hover (Signed) " A. D. HEALEY, came to the New Brighton stage at about " Master of the late ship Nuncio, 6 P.M. on the 5th October for the Life- of Yarmouth, N.S." boat, as there was a ship in distress on the Little Burbo Bank. The Stuart Hay POBTBUSH, Co. ANTBIM.—The s.s. Skel- Life-boat was at once manned, taken in ligs, of Glasgow, bound to Liverpool with tow by the tug, and proceeded to the a general cargo, was leaving the harbour vessel. On arriving to windward the during a strong breeze from the W. and Life-boat attempted to get near her, but a very high sea, on the afternoon of the missed her through the very heavy sea 15th December, when she failed to answer and the darkness. The tug then went in her helm, and was driven on to the sand search of the boat, but did not find her about 50 yards S.W. of the South pier. for about two hours, and it was with ex- The Life-boat John Whitaker put off to treme difficulty that she ultimately got her assistance, and took hawsers from the alongside the wreck. The captain, his vessel to the pier, which prevented her wife, and the crew of seventeen men and from going broadside on to the sand, and two pilots had taken refuge in the rigging, enabled her to get off when the tide rose. the woman being lashed to the top of the She had a crew of sixteen men. FEBRUARY 1,1884.] THE LIFE-BOAT JOUKNAL. 239 EAMSEY, ISLE OF MAN.—At 9 A.M. on weather was misty. The Life-boat spoke the 27th September a mounted messenger the Lightship, and was informed that a brought information that a dismasted vessel had been burning a flare W.N.W. vessel was showing signals of distress of her. Shortly afterwards the captain about a mile from the shore. The Life- and crew of the barque Duchess, of Shields, boat Two Sisters was promptly launched came alongside and were taken into the and proceeded to the vessel, which proved Life-boat. The captain stated that his to be the Norwegian barque Hereward, vessel went ashore at 8 P.M., and that they bound from Norway to Liverpool with had left her full of water. The Life- timber. Her foremast had been cut away, boat went round the sands, saw the and had carried away her main and mizen barque, and put the master and some of topmasts, &c. The crew would not leave the Life-boat's crew on board. She then the vessel, but requested the Life-boat to went to a schooner, and to the brigs Julia, send a telegram to the ship's agent at of Folkestone, and Cornucopia, of Whitby, Liverpool for a tug, which was accord- and found them all full of water and ingly done. abandoned. The crew of the last-named vessel were afterwards rescued from their KAMSGATE and BEOADSTAIKS.—On the boat and taken on board the tug. A vessel morning of the 22nd October the Sams- then being seen drifting near the Long gate Life-boat Bradford, in tow of the Sand, the Life-boat got alongside of her, harbour steam-tug Aid, and the Broad- and found she was the schooner Inter- stairs Life-boat Samuel Morrison Collins, national, of London, abandoned. A crew proceeded to the Goodwin Sands in reply was accordingly put on board her, and to signals of distress. The ship Wilhel- the Aid towed her to Eamsgate harbour. mina, of Hamburg, bound from Hamburg The Life-boat subsequently returned to to Iquique with a general cargo, was found the Duchess, where she found the Eamsgate ashore on the North Sand Head. The steam-tug Vulcan and the Broadstairs crew of the Kamsgate Life-boat went on Life-boat in attendance. The vessel's board the vessel to assist in getting her crew were then put on board, and her sails off; the sails were stowed, and men were were set, and with the help of the steamer also engaged from other boats to assist to she was eventually extricated from her lighten her; after which several ineffectual perilous position, and taken to the North attempts were made by steam-tugs to float Foreland, where she was anchored, being her. At about 5 o'clock on the following steered there by the Life-boat, her own morning the wind increased to a fresh rudder having become disabled. gale, the sea began to rise, and prepara- On the following day, at 1.30 P.M., the tions were made to leave the vessel if steamers Vulcan and Aid again proceeded necessary. At 9 o'clock the Broadstairs to the Duchess, and with much difficulty, Life-boat took ashore twenty-two of the as she again grounded twice, brought her men. A large quantity of the cargo, into Eamsgate harbour. She was bound chiefly iron, was thrown overboard during from Gothenburg to Newport with a cargo the fore part of the day by those who re- of pit props, and carried a crew of ten mained on board; and at 3.30 P.M. two men. tugs again attached their tow-ropes to In consequence of a telegram from her, sail was made on the ship, an anchor Margate that the Tongue lightship was which had previously been laid out was tiring for assistance, the Bradford Life- hove on, and as the tide flowed the vessel boat and steam-tug Vulcan left the har- came off, striking heavily, and was towed bour at midnight on the 6th December, to Gravesend, where she was safely moored during a fresh gale from the E.N.E., with by the salvors at about 3 o'clock on the snow and a high sea. They spoke the morning of the 24th. Lightship at 3 A.M., and were informed At 12.30 A.M. on the 7th November that the crew of a wrecked vessel were on the Eamsgate Life-boat Bradford, and board. The Life-boat went alongside steam-tug Aid, proceeded to the Kentish and took off the crew, consisting of twenty- Knock Sand, the master of a fishing- four men, of the s.s. Boadicea, of Shields, smack having reported that there was a coal laden from Shields for Savona, which vessel ashore there. The wind was blow- had stranded on the Shingles Sand. The ing moderately from the W.N.W., and the tug and Life-boat then returned to 240 THE LIFE-BOAT JOUKNAL. [FEBRUARY 1, 1884.

Eamsgate, arriving in the harbour at SKEGNESS, LINCOLNSHIRE.—On the 12th 7 o'clock. December, at 7.45 A.M., during a fresh gale from the N.W. and a heavy sea, BHTL, NORTH WALES.—On the night o f signals of distress were observed flying on the llth December, while the wind was board a vessel in the ofling. The Life- blowing a gale from the N.N.W., the boat Herbert Ingram put off to her, and schooner Lady Stuart, of Chester, was found that she was the s.s. Victoria, of lying to off Point Lynas under reefed Goole, bound from Seaham to Blakeney sails, and eventually drifted with the with flagstones and coal. The Life-boat flood-tide and gale to opposite Orme's dropped her anchor to windward of the Head. At about 7 A.M. she ran for Chester steamer, bore down to her, and, after Bar. When off Ehyl she shipped a heavy several attempts, hove a grapnel on board. sea, which washed away her bulwarks, The master and crew of three men were hatches, and main boom, and smashed the then taken into the boat. The vessel had companion skylight and her boat to sprung a leak, and sank just as the Life- pieces. She was then found to be in a boat was landing at Brancaster. sinking state, and was steered for the Foryd, when she shipped other heavy seas, SUNDEBLAND.—Flares were seen in the and her crew of five men were compelled direction of Hendon Beach at 5.30 P.M. on to take to the rigging, and the vessel was the 12th November. The John Fouhton then driven at the mercy of the storm, Life-boat was launched, proceeded to the and ran stern on to the Ehyl promenade spot, and found that the brig Tagus, of pier. Three of the crew jumped on to the Aberdeen, bound from that port to Sun- pier, but the captain and his son remained derland in ballast, had stranded on the on board the schooner, which was 'driven beach. The wind was blowing from the through the pier and went ashore to the N.N.W., the weather was very foggy, and eastward, where she sunk. The master the sea heavy. The master and crew did and his son were fortunately saved by the not wish to leave the vessel, but requested Ehyl No. 2 Life-boat, Jane Dalton, which the Life-boat to remain by them, which promptly put off to the help of the ship- she did, until the brig was towed off by a wrecked crew, as soon as their perilous steam-tug. position was observed. THALEE BAT, Co. KERRY.—On the 22nd SCARBOBOTTGH.—The schooner London, November the Admiral Butcher Life-boat of Hastings, bound from Hartlepool to proceeded to the barque Ostendea, and Eye with coal, was seen making for the brought ashore the master, for the purpose harbour, with only her fore staysail set, of procuring assistance and a tug to tow and with a signal of distress flying, at the vessel to Limerick for repairs, she 9 A.M. on the 12th December, during a having lost her rudder three days pre- heavy gale from the N. The Lady Leigh viously, and several of her head sails, Life-boat put off to her assistance, placed besides being in a leaky condition. three men on board, and wore the vessel, which was fast drifting into broken water, WELLS, NORFOLK.—On the 4th October with her head to sea. It was intended to the wind blew a gale from the N.E. during take her to Filey Bay, and to run her the day, accompanied by a heavy sea. The ashore on the soft sand there; but she night came on very dark, but the gale would not stay, and having lost all her slightly moderated. At about 10 o'clock anchors, it became necessary to abandon a flare was observed, and the cr'ew of the her. The crew of five men were then Life-boat Charlotte Nicholls were at once landed in the Life-boat, and the vessel iummon«d, the boat was promptly • drove ashore about a mile south of Filey. launched, and found the schooner Emma, FEBRUARY 1, 1884.] THE LIFE-BOAT JOUKNAL. 241 of Jersey, stranded on the East Bar. Her Also the receipt of 2301. 17s. Id. from Mr. G. A. HENTY, Editor of The Union Jack, being the sails had been torn to ribbons, her bul- amount contributed by the Readers of that pub- warks washed away, and the heavy seas i lication towards the cost of a Life-boat to be were breaking completely over her. Her | named the W. H. G. Kingston. j Decided, that the best thanks of the Com- crew of five persons, one of whom was a mittee be given to the Contributors, and that boy, nearly dead with cold, were taken into j the Watchet Life-boat be appropriated to them. ' Reported the receipt of the following other the Life-boat and safely landed at Wells. Special Contributions since the last meeting:— £ s. Lynmouth, Morte, Ilfracoiabe, Bade, and vessel and crew, 4; steamer Ennismore, of Peter- Manchester. head, assisted to save vessel; briganttae Wonder, 3. Greystonei, Kingstown, Wicklow, and Bal- of Swansea, saved vessel and crew, 6; and sloop briggan. Quod Intent rendered assistance. [Accounts of 4. Tburgo, Huna, Ackergill, Moray Firth, most of these Life-boat services will be found Buckie, Crudes, Newburgh, Fraserburgh, Peter- on pages 238-239.] head, and Canipbeltown. Voted »lao 248116«. to pay the expenses of 5. Griiasby, Witheragea, Flaiaborongh (two the Newquay (Cornwall), St. David's, Margate, Bouts), Bridlingtoa, and Filey. Newhaven, Cahore, Ardrossan, Harwich, North Keported also the receipt of-the following Sunderland, Broadsteirs, Deal, Wtaterton No. 2, special contributions since the last meeting:—• Fraserbmgh, Swanage, Newcastle (Co. Down), Eye, Chapel, and Pleetwood Life-boate, in as- £ ». d. sembling their crows or putting off in reply to Miss L. B. WAkEKB,Wan8tead, in aid signals of distress shown by vessels not ulti- of Newport (Pembrokeshire) Life- mately requiring assistance. boat Station 60 0 0 Also 3/. to six men for putting off in a boat Worshipful Company of Merchant from Sonthend, Essex, and saving the crew of Taylors, additional . . . , . 31 10 (I two men from the barge Mary, of Boehester, Additional Collection IE Texas, United which had sunk off Sotithend during a gate from States of America, per BOBEBT the S, on the 2nd September. A reward of AMOS, Esq. (f 16) ..... 3 5 4 II. 5s. was also granted to the crew of another Offertory at Harveet Festival at West boat which put off with the view of rescuing the London District Schools, Asliford shipwrecked men. (Staines), on Sunday, 30th Sept, Also tl. to four men of Peiinion, Anglesey, per the Rev. Dr. From . . .300 for wading into the sea and saving, by means of —To 6« severally thanked. lines, the crew of two men of the smack Darling, of Beaumaris, which had stranded on the rocks Also that the following Legacies had been close to the Menai lighthouse during a, strong bequeathed to the Institution:— S.B. gale on the night of the 1st September, The late Misses Aasas and JASB Also 4Z. to four men of Fleetwood, for res- TOD, of Edinburgh . . . . 200 0 0 cuing, by means of a cart tmd by wading into The late SAMCBL NICOL, Esq., of the water, the crew of five men and the master's Greeuock (duty free). ... SU (J. 0 wife, from the schooner Thonthm, of Pleetwood, which became a total wreck on Barnard Wharf Also the transmission to their stations of the during a W. gale on the evening of the 26th new Life-boats for Margate, Cardigan, and September. Withemsea. 1, 1884,] THE Lli-E-BOAT JOURNAL. 243

The General Steam Navigation Company The Gourdon Life-boat had alao been kindly allowed one of their steamers to tow tie launched, with the view of assisting a fishing- Margate boat to its station free.of charge, aad boat in distress. the South Eastern Bailway Company conveyed Voted the thanks of the Committee, inscribed the transporting carriage and stores to Margate, on vellum, sad II. each, to EDWAB» CRASKB, and brought hack the old boat and carriage to EOBBBT BISHOP, and JOHH HBHBY DAVIS, for London, without charge. going into the water with lines, and assisting to —To be fhamkA save the crew of five men of the schooner Alpha, Before being gent to its station, the Cardigan of Faveraham, which was wrecked off Cromer, Life-boat was publicly exhibited in. Manchester, Norfolk, daring a heavy gale from the N.N.W. at the suggestion of the benevolent donor of the on the 4th October. boat and the Manchester Branch of the Institu- Also the thanks of the Committee, inscribed tion. on vellum, to Mr. JOHH HKTCHIMS, Chief Officer Decided, on the application of the local of H.M. Coastguard »t Maryport, in recognition residents, to form a Life-boat Station at Peel, of his general valuable services in saving life Isle of Man, and to appropriate the station to from shipwreck, and particularly for taking the legacy left to the Institution by the late command of the Maryport Life-boat, in the Captain MOHK, B.N., to provide a Life-boat to absence of the coxswains, and assisting to rescue be called the John Monk. the crew of five men of the steamer Havingtoa, Also to form a Life-boat establishment at of Maryport, which was wrecked off that port Totland Bay, Isle of Wight, and to appropriate during a S.E. gale »itd heavy sea on the 26th to it one of the two Life-boats bequeathed to September. the Institution by the late Mrs, LCCKOMBB, of Also 61. to eight men, for putting off in » Brighton. coble from Holy Island and rescuing the crew of Voted the thanks of the Committee to Mr. three men and a boy from the s,s. K.etiiliaor&, JAMBS S. SCOTT, in acknowledgment of his long of Middlesbrough, which was wrecked on False and valuable co-operation while holding the Emanuel Head daring squally weather and a office of Honorary Secretary of the Oonrtown very heavy sea on the 30Gi September. Branch of the Institution. Also 41, to the crew of the fishing-boat Hupyij Decided that various works be carried out at Return, of Waliaer, for rescuing Capt. DBEVAK, the Hartiepool, Wiaterton, and Port Eynon whose boat had been, capsized while he was Life-boat Stations, at an expense of 1,0281, endeavouring to cross the Channel from Dover Paid 1,9801 tor sundry charges on various to Calais OB the 5th October. Life-boat Establishments. Also 41 10«. to six men, for patting off twice in » fishing yawl, ftt considerable risk, and I Voted 1161. 2s. 6d to pay th« expenses of the saving the erews of ten. aaea from the BchotaiM Life-boats at Ballywalter, Wells, Hew Brighton, Clare, of Carnarvon, and smack llobina, of Bridlington, Ballycotton, Fraaerburgh, Loasie- Dublin, which were in distress in Peel Bay mouth, and Broadstairs, ia rendering the fol- daring a very heavy gale on the 26th Sep- lowing services :— tember. UTOS And 21. 5g. to the crew of a boat for putting saved. off in a boat from St. Bride's Bay in reply to Barque Cuywni, of Glasgow 14 signal rockets, which they supposed had been Schooner Kmma, of Jersey 5 fired from a distressed vessel, on the night of Ship Nando, of Yarmouth, N.S. , , . 21 : the 10th October. A fishing boat in distress off Bsidlington rendered assistance. Fishing yawl During, of Ballyootton, saved vessel and ...... 6 THUBSDAY, 6th December. Schooner Eclipse, of Dundee .... 4 Schooner Magdalina, of Inverness ... . 4 EDWABB BEKKBBOK, Esq., M.P., V.P., in th«s Ship Wffhelmina, of Hamburg . . *. .22 Chair. The Claoton, Withernsea, Caister Ho. 1, Bead and approved the Minutes of the pre- and BaniEgate Life - boats had also rendered vious Meeting, and those of the Finance and the following services;—Barque Danmarli, of Correspondence, and Wreck and Bewrd Sub- Bragor, assisted to save vessel and crew, committees. 12; schooner Tony Knmtmann, of Portmadoe, Bead the Beports of the five District In- rendered assistance; barque Arab, of Apen- spectors of Life-boatg on their visits to the fol- rade, assisted to save vessel and 15: ship lowing Stations:— Witiuhuim, of Hamburg, assisted to gave vessel 1. Yealm, Dartmouth, Plymouth, Hope Cove, and 17. Saleombe, Brixhana, Torqnay, Teigamouth, Ewnouth, Sidmouth, Lywe Regis, Weymoutb, [Accounts of some of these Services are given Kiiaeridge, Swanagc, and Poole. on pages 231-241.] 2. Swansea, Pembuey, Ferryside, Tenby, Mil- Voted also 98?. II*. to pay th« expenses of ford Haven, St, Bride's Bay, St. David's, Solva. the Winehelsea, Braunton, Appledore, Saltburn, ITishguard (two Boats), Cardigan, Newquay,

Piel, Seascale, Whitehaven, Maryport, Silloth, Paid 1833Z. 12s. 8d. for sundry charges on and Port Erin. various Life-boat establishments. 4. Whithorn, Kirkcudbright, St. Andrews, Anstruther, Banff, Whitelink, Montrose (two Voted 12H. 8s. 4d. to pay the expenses of Boats), Stonehaven, Gourdon, Arbroath, the Lytham, Sunderland No. 4, Caister No. ], Broughty Ferry, and Buddon Ness. Eastbourne, Aldborough, and Tralee Life-boats 5. Whitby (two Boats), Upgang, Eobin in rendering the following services:—• Hood's Bay, Staithes, Bunswick, Redcar, Salt- Lives saved. bum, Middlesbrough, West Hartlepool (two Flat Evelina, of Runcorn 4 Boats), Seaton Carew, Hartlepool (three Boats), Brig Tagus, of Aberdeen, remained by Whitburn, Seaham, Sunderland (four Boats), vessel. Scarborough, Withernsea, and Hornsea. Barge Garson, of Wisbeach 4 Reported the receipt of 480Z. from the Civil Norwegian barque New Brunswick. . . 11 Service Life-boat fund, per CHAKLES DIBDIN, Two fishing-boats of Aldborough ... 6 Esq., Honorary Secretary, to provide a new Barque Ostendea, rendered assistance. Life-boat, to be named the Civil Service No. 4, making 1,48(W. contributed from this fund during the past year, and 6,3441. 7s. in all since The Lytham, Clacton, Ramsgate, Broadstairs, 1866. and Chapel Life-boats had also rendered the Decided that the best thanks of the Com- following services :—Flat Evelina, of Runcorn, mittee be given to Mr. DIBDIN and the Sub- saved vessel; brigantine Estafette, of Faversham, scribers to the fund, and that their gift be assisted to save vessel and crew, 9; barque appropriated to the new Life-boat about to be Duchess, of Shields, assisted to save vessel and sent to Walmer. 10; schooner International, of London, assisted Also the receipt of the following other special to save vessel; ketch Annie, of Goole, saved contributions since the last meeting:— vessel and 3. £ s. d. (Accounts of these services will be found on WORSHIPFUL COMPANY OF GOLD- pages 231-240.) SMITHS (additional) . . . . 100 0 0 Ditto CORDWAINERS ditto ... 26 5 0 Voted also 206Z. 8s. 6

Services of the Life-boats of the Institution during 1883.

" GOB HBLP OUR MEN AT SEA." , Lives 1883. savttl. Jan. 1. 7 p.m. S.S. Congo, of Cardiff. Cresswell Life-boat rendered assistance. „ 8. 1.80 p.m. Cutter Spring, of Guernsey. Sennen Cove Life-boat assisted to moor vessel end brought crew ashore „ 9. 2.30 p.m. Brig Victor, of Neustadt. Poole Life-boat remained by vessel. „ 12. 1 a.m. S.S. Libelle, of Hamburg. Cullercoats Life-boat rescued crew and passengers 29 „ 20. 2 a.m. Fishing-bo&t^Margaret Ghtnn, of Wick. Huna Life-boat saved . 7 „ 23. 3 p.m. Smack Ina Lam, of New Quay. Fishguard No. 2 Life-boat saved vessel and „ 23. 10 p.m. Schooner Nellie, of Bridgwater, and Brig Lewis, of Carnarvon. Holy- head Life-boat remained by vessels. „ 24. 2 p.m. Smack Frens, of Beaumaris. Moelfre Life-boat saved crew .... '„ 25. 12.15 a.m. Schooner Nanteos, of Aberystwith. Littlehaven Life-boat saved crew . 4 „ 26. 3 a.m. Brigantine Dare, of Sunderland. Caister No. 1 Life-boat assisted to save vessel and C „ 26. 7 a.ra. Barque Brothers, of Yarmouth N.S. Holyhead Life-boat assisted to save vessel and 12 „ 27. 10.10 a.m. Barque Admiral Prim Adalbert, of Dantzic. Swansea Life-boat saved . 2 „ 27. 9 p.m. S.S. Eden, of West Hartlepool. Fleetwood Life-boat rendered assistance. „ 28. 8 p.m. Barque Argo, of Sunderland. Ballycotton Life-boat remained by vessel. „ 29. 6 a.m. Do. Do. rendered assistance. Feb. 1. 10p.m. Schooner Mary Josephine, of Padstow. Padstow Life-boat saved the crew „ 2.11a.m. Schooner Rosebud, of Goole. St. Andrew's Life-boat rescued the crew . ,, 5. 11 a.m. Brigantine Zephyr, of Bye. Cahore Life-boat brought ashore crew of 6 men from Blackwater light-ship „ 7. 3a.m. Brig Euphemia FuUerfon, of Londonderry. Ballywalter Life-boat saved the crew „ 7. 9.45a.m. Brigantine Hannah and Eleanor, of Seahara. Tynemouth No. 1 Life-boat rendered some assistance. „ 7. 12 noon. Barque Lorely, of Memel. Harwich Life-boat saved the crew . 11 „ 7. 3 p.m. Fishing-boats Columbia, Willie, Sell, and Charles and John, Port Isaac Life-boat saved boats and crews 7 ,, 7. 3 p.m. Several other fishing-boats. Ditto, rendered assistance. „ 7. 4.15 p.m. Dandy Pioneer, of Lowestoft. Kessingland No. 1 Life-boat rendered assistance. „ 7. 6.30p.m. Smack Young Alice, of Scarborough. Scarborough Life-boat saved the crew „ 10. 6.30 a.m. Brig Marrihull, of Weymouth. Kessingland No. 2 Life-boat saved the crew '„ 10. 5.50 p.m. Schooner Teresa, of Weymouth. Worthing Life-boat saved the crew „ 11. 11.30p.m. Brig J.B.S., of London. Holyhead Life-boat rendered assistance. „ 14. 6 a.m. Schooner Don, of Aberdeen. Caister No. 2 Life-boat assisted to save vessel and crew „ 17. 2.15 p.m. Ketch Thomas and John, of Fowey. Newhaven Life-boat saved the crew Mar. 1. 7.30 a.m. S.S. Sarnsley, of Grimsby. Caister No. 2 remained by vessel. 5. 11 p.m. Schooner Hephzibah, of Carnarvon. 5. 11 p.m. Smack Annie, of Port Dinorivic. 6. 4 a.m. Bella, of Wick. 6. 4 a.m. William and Martha. Thurso Life-boat saved the crew 6. 4 a.m. Governor Loch, of Inverness. 6. 5p.m. SchoonerJ5»«9)na,ofPortSt.Mary,I.M. 246 THE LIFE-BOAT JOUKNAL. [FEBRUARY 1,1884.

Lives 1883. saved. Mar- 6. 3 p.m. Schooner Mary Goad, of Port Isaac. Grimsby Life-boat gave assistance. „ 6. 3 p.m. Ketch Mary Tweedlie, of Berwick. Holy Island No. 1 Life-boat saved . 2 „ 6. 3.30 p.m. Smack William, Clowes, of Filey. Filey Life-boat saved the crew . . G „ 6. 6.30p.m. Trawler Emerald Isle, of Whitehaven. Ramsey Life-boat saved the crew 4 ,, 6-8. S.S.Lynx, of Cardiff. Morte Bay Life-boat assisted to save vessel and crew 7 „ 7. 6.30 p.m. Barquentine Vicuna, of Hull. Hunstanton Life-boat saved the crew . 9 „ 8. 4 p.m. Barque Margaret, of Christiania. Brancaster Life-boat remained near the vessel. „ 11. 9.45 p.m. Brigantine Atlas, of Drammen. Beaton Carew Life-boat rescued the crew 5 „ 13. 11.15a.m. Dandy Annie Hope, of Leith. Cemaes Life-boat saved the crew .. . G „ 18. 1.30 p.m. Ketch London, of Jersey. Montrose No. 1 Life-boat rendered assistance. ,, 19. 9.30p.m. Schooner Fides, of Nyborg. Lowestoft Life-boat rendered assistance. ,,19. 4 p.m. Ketch Orange Blossom, of Jersey. Montrose No. 1 Life-boat rendered assistance. „ 19. 7.45 p.m. Smack Wellesley, of Scarborough. Scarborough Life-boat rendered assistance. „ 20. 5.30 a.m. Brig Eleonore, of Tonsberg. Montrose No. 2 Life-boat saved crew . . 7 „ 20. 6.45 a.m. Barque Georgia, of Fiume. Bamsgate Life-boat saved crew . . . .13 ,, 30. Barque Norman Court, of Greenock. Bhosnegir Life-boat saved . . 20 ,,30-31. Barque JEpsilon, of Swansea. Clacton Life-boat rendered assistance. Apr. 5. 1.15 a.m. Brig Spring, of Guernsey. Caister No. 2 Life-boat rescued the crew . 9 „ 6. 4.30a.m. Barque Henning, of Harlingen. Bamsgate Life-boat saved the crew . 10 „ 20. Noon. Three fishing cobles. Whitby No. 1 Life-boat rendered assistance. „ 21. 4.30a.m. Brigantine Mary, of Haugesund. Moutrose No. 1 Life-boat saved the crew (', „ 27. 6.45 a.m. Flat Flora, of Euucom. Eamsey Life-boat saved vessel and crew . . 3 „ 29. 1.25 p.m. Barque Cfalera, of Glasgow. Bamsgate Life-boat rendered assistance. May 5-6. Dandy Falcon, of Great Yarmouth. Gorleston Life-boat saved vessel and 7 „ 9. 1 p.m. Lugger Favourite, of Wesford. Wexford No. 2 Life-boat saved the crew 6 July 21. 2.10p.m. Fishing-boat Charity, of Newbiggin. Blyth No. 1 Life-boat saved the crew G „ 21. 2.45 p.m. Fishing-boat Samaritan, of Newbiggin. Blyth No. 1 Life-boat saved the crew 5 „ 21. 3.15p.m. Fishing-boat Janet Thompson, of Newbiggin. Ditto 7 „ 21-24. Barque Khedive, of Hartlepool. Palling No. 2 Life-boat assisted to save vessel and crew 12 „ 29. 8.10 p.m. Schooner Hope, of Byde. Sidmouth Life-boat brought crew ashore . 4 Aug. 7. 11 a.m. Brigantine Flora, of Salcombe. Palling No. 2 Life-boat saved the crew G „ 8. 11.30 a.m. Several fishing-boats. Montrose No. 2 Life-boat put off and rendered assistance. „ 9. 1a.m. Barque William Millet, of London. Porthcawl Life-boat saved .. . . 12 „ 10. 6.25 a.m. Barque Jenny. Fleetwood Life-boat brought pilot ashore. „ 14. 7 p.m. Ship Henry, of St. John, N.B. Tyrella Life-boat brought ashore five fishermen ' 5 Sept. 1. 3 p.m. A steam fishing-launch of Cadgwith. Cadgwith Life-boat rendered assistance. „ 1. 8.30 p.m. Yawl Thalia. Swanage Life-boat remained by vessel during the night and lauded the crew 5 „ 1. 6.30 p.m. Smack Bacchus, of Nantes. Mevagissey Life-boat saved the crew . . M „ 2. 5 ajn. Norwegian Barque Elite. Plymouth Life-boat saved tlie crew ... !) „ 2. 5.30 a.m. Fishing-yawls, of Filey. Filey Life-boat rendered assistance. 2. 5p.m. Barqne Tranmere, of Liverpool. Selsey Life-boat saved the crew . . 13 2. 7.5p.m. Ketch Minnie Flossie, of Milford, Clovelly Life-boat saved the crew . S 2. 4.30 p.m. Norwegian Barque Borne. Olactou Life-boat rescued 14 3. 2 p.m. Schooner Maria, of Granville. Padstow Life-boat saved 2 3. 4.30 a.m. Brigantine Milo, of Brixham. Burnham Life-boat remained by vessel. 4. 6.40a.m. Barque China, of Poregruud. Piel Life-boat saved the crew . . .10 6. 11.45 a.m. Schooner John Royle, of Chester. Piel Life-boat rescued the crew . . 4 11. 1.45 a.m. Boat Nancy, of Holy Island. Holy Island No. 1 Life-boat saved boat and crew 5 19. 4p.m. Steamer Iris, of Newcastle. Winterton No. 1 Life-boat remained by vessel. 19. 7 p.m. Ditto. Caister No. 1 Life-boat rendered assistance. 24. 2.30 p.m. Barque Isabella, of Drammen. Eastbourne Life-boat rescued ... 8 24. 8.45 a.m. Schooner Slaney, of Wexford. Milford Life-boat saved 3 26. 5 p.m. Steamer Bavington, of Maryport. Maryport Life-boat saved the crew . 5 26. 7.15p.m. Schooner Enmsmore, of Peterhead. Montrose No. 1 Life-boat assisted to save the vessel and crew 10 27. 9.30 a.m. Norwegian barque Hereward. Bamsey Life-boat rendered assistance. 28. 9 a.m. Schooner Mitt Pritchard, of Carnarvon. Gbroomsport Life-boat saved . 6 29. 9 a.m. Schooner William Henry, of Carnarvon. Groomsport Life-boat saved . 3 FBBEPARY 1,1884.] THE LIFE-BOAT JOTJBNAL. 247 n , „ . , _ ! i • Lives 1883, saved, Sept. 29, 1.35 p.m. Schooner Xafrquit, of Anglesea, Caister So. 1 Life-boat rescued the vessel and crew .,.,.,...... 4 „ SO. 7.20 (MB. Barque Cnyitni, of Glasgow, Bally waiter Life-boat saved the crew, . 14 „ 30. 10.40 a.m. Sloop Good Intent, of King's Lynn. Skegness Life-boat rendered assistance. „ 30. 10.15 p.m. Brigantine Wonder, of Swansea. Holyhead Life-boat saved the vessel and crew 0 Oet. S. 4 p.m. Barque DanmarJt, of Dragon. Clacton Life-boat assisted to save the vessel and crew 12 „ 4. 10 p.m. Schooner Mmma, of Jersey. Wells life-boat rescued the etew ... 5 „ 5. 6 p.m. Ship Nwneio, of Yarmouth, N.S, New Brighton No. 2 Life-boat saved the crew ...,»..... 21 .„ 14, 10 a.m. Schooner Tony Krowmann, of Portaadoo, Withernsea. Life-boat rendered „ 15.11p.m. Fishing-boat, of Bridlington. Bridlington Life-boat rendered assistance. „ 17. 12 noon. Fishing-yawl Daring, of Ballycotton. Ballyootton Life-boat saved vessel and crew (5 „ 20- 3,15 a.m. Barque Arab, of Apenrade. (Mster No, 1 Life-boat assisted to save vessel and crew 15 „ 22. 8.30 fun. Ship Wi&elmina, of Hftmburg, Rattggate Life-boat assisted to save vessel and 17 „ 22. 8 a,m. Ditto Broadstairs Life-boat brought on shore 22 „ 26. 8.30 a.m. Schooner Mag&alina,, of Inverness. Lossiemonth Life-boat rescued the crew . , . . , 4 ,,25. 9 a.m. Schooner Eclipse, of Dundee, Fraserborgh Life-boat saved the crew . 4 Nov. 5. 12.80 p.Bj. Mat Evelina, of Euncorn. Lytliam Life-boat saved vessel and ... 4 „ fi. 7 a,m, Brigantine Estafette, of Favewfaam. Olaeton Life-boat assisted to gave vessel and crew . 8 Barque ffiMkess, of Shields. Baaasgate and Broadstairs Life-boats assisted to save vessel and crew . 10 Schooner International, of London, Bamsgate Life-boat assisted to save vessel. „ 12. 6 p.m. IBrig Tagm, of Aberdeen, Sunderland No. 4 Life-boat remained by vessel. „ 16. 9.80 a.m. Ketch Annie, of Goole. Chapel Life-boat assisted to save vessel and crew 3 „ 18. 1.15 p.m. Barge Gorton, of Wisbeaeh. Oaister No., 1 Life-boat rescued the crew . 4 „ 22. 7 a.ra. Barque Ostendea. Tralce Life-boat rendered assistance. „ 25. 1.15 p.m. Barque Neie Bntnmebik, of Brevig. Bastboarne Life-boat saved the crew 11 „ 26. l,J5p,m. Ditto. Newhavea Life-boat assisted to save vessel and cargo. Dec. 6. 8.20 a.m. Two Fishing-boats, Aldborongh Life-boat reueaed the crews ... 0 „ B. 12 p.m. S.S. Soadieea, of Shields. Barasgate Life-boat brought ashore the crew of 24 men from the Tongue Lightship, „ 7. 7 a.in. Barque Zehis, of Grinstad. C^isfer No, 1 Life-boat assisted to save vessel and crew 10 „ 11. 8.30 p.m. Schooner Dorothy and Mary, of Carnarvon, Holyhead Life-boat saved the crew 4 „ 12. 7a.m. Schooner Suroaess Str(A$j>ey, of Portsoy. Fragerburgh Life-boat saved two of the crew 2 „ 12. 8,8S-a.m. S.S. Victoria, of Goole. Skegness Life-boat saved the crew .... 4 „ 12. 9 a.ra. Schooner Margaret, of Carnarvon. 0rimsby Life-boat saved the crew . 4 „ 12. 10 a.m. Schooner London, of Hastings. Scarborough Life-boat saved the crew . S ,, 12. noon. Schooner Swift, of Bye. Lowestoft Life-boat rendered assistance. „ 12. 9.50 p.m. Schooner Letdy Stuart, of Cheater. Bhyl Life-boat saved ..... 2 „ 12, 12 p.m. Two open Fishing-boats of Kingstown. Kingstown Life-boat saved . 6 „ IS. 8 a.m. Barque Mermaid, of Cardiff. Lythatn Life-boat saved the crew and the master's two daughter* ...... 23 „ 14. 5.15 a,m. Steamer Castle Craig, of Liverpool. Brooke Life-boat saved . . .31 „ 15. 4.15 p.m. 8.8. SW%», of Glasgow. Portrush Life-boat assisted to save vessel and crew .,,.,.• * * 16 „ 17. 2.15 a.m. Brig Clara, of Dublin. Caister No. 1 Life-boat assisted to save vessel and crew * 7 „ 17. 9 ft.m. Dandy Magic, of Hull Lowestoft Life-boat assisted to gave vessel and crew 5 „ 24. 9.40 p.m. Ship White Star, of Liverpool, Oarasore Life-boat brought ashore 28 aen from the Tuskar Lighthouse. ,,28. 4.80 p.ia. Italian Bai(j«eMon»oBe«w»trto, ArMow Life-boat rendered assistance. Total number of lives saved by the Life-boats in 1883, in addition to 30 vessels 725 Reward* were also granted by the Institution in the same period for saving: by means of Fishing- and other Boats ..... 23O Total number of lives saved in 1883..'..... 055 ROYAL NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION. SUPPORTED SOLELY BY VOLUNTARY CONTEIBUTIONS.

ffiattarnss— ffier Mast Gradaus Majesty tije ®ucm. 3J3rcsfocnt—His GRACE THE DUKE OP NORTHUMBERLAND, P.O., D.C.L. Cijatrtnan—-EDWARD BIRKBECK, ESQ., M.P., V.P. 0/ljatrman—Colonel FrrzRoY CLAYTON. g—CHARLES DIBDIN, ESQ., F.R.G.S.

APPEAL THE COMMITTEE OP [MANAGEMENT have to state that, during the past year (1883), tlio ROYAL NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION expended £27,083 on its 274 Life-boat Establishments on the Coasts of England, Scotland, and Ireland, in addition to having contributed to the snvinc; of 955 persons from various shipwrecks on our coasts. GENERAL SUMMARY OP THE WORK OP THE INSTITUTION DURING THE PAST YEAR. Number of Lives rescued by Life-boats, in addition to £ *. <1. 30 vessels saved by them 725 Number of Lives saved by Shore-boats, &c 230 Amount of Pecuniary Rewards for Saving Life, includ- ing grants to Widows and Orphans of Lifeboat-men .. .. 5,397 19 4 Honorary Rewards:—Silver Medals and Clasps 14 Votes of Thanks on Vellum 25

Total 39 955 5,397 19 4

It should be specially noted that the Life-boat crews, excepting when remunerated by the oitfners of'vessels for property salvage services, are paid by the Institution for their efforts, whether success- ful or not, in saving life. The Committee desire to acknowledge with gratitude the liberal support which they have received from the British Public during the past few years,—a support which has enabled them to establish their present great Life-saving Fleet of 874 Life-boats on the shores of the United Kingdom. Deeply sensible, however, of the great responsibility that rests on them to maintain the Life-boats in a thoroughly efficient state, and its crews practised in the management of the boats, which can only be effected by a large and permanent Annual Income, they earnestly appeal to all classes of their countrymen to continue to aid them in upholding and perpetuating so great and truly national a Work.

The number of lives saved either by the Life-boats of the Institution, or by special exertions for which it has granted rewards, since its formation, is 30,563; for which services 97 Gold Medals, 964 Silver Medals, and £77,894 in cash have been'granted as rewards. The average expense of a Life-boat is £1,000. Its cost for a 10-oared boat is made up as follows:—• Life-boat and her equipment, including Life-Belts for the crew, and Trans- porting-carriage for the Life-boat £650 Boat-house (average cost) 3SO Total £1,000 The average annual expense of maintaining a Life-boat Station is £70. Donations and Annual Subscriptions are thankfully received by the Bankers of the Institu- tion, Messrs. COCTTS AND Co., 59 Strand; Messrs. HERRIES, FARQUHAR, AND Co., 1C St. James's Street; Messrs. HOARE, 37 Fleet Street, London; by all the other Bankers in the United Kingdom; by all the Life-boat Branches; and by the Secretary, CHARLES DIBDIN, Esq., at the Institution, 14 JOHN STREET, ADELPHI, LONDON, W.C.—February 1, 1884.