Towards Collaborative Planning and Management of Natural Protected

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Towards Collaborative Planning and Management of Natural Protected Towards Collaborative Planning and Management of Natural Protected Areas: A Case Study in the Formosan Landlocked Salmon Wildlife Refuge, Taiwan Kuang-Chung Lee Department of Geography University College London Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Ph.D. University of London 11/2001 ProQuest Number: U644294 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest. ProQuest U644294 Published by ProQuest LLC(2016). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to explore what contributions a collaborative planning approach can make to achieving more sustainable solutions to the management of protected areas in Taiwan. Among the three designations of natural protected areas in Taiwan, the Wildlife Refuge is notable because its legal status provides more opportunities for stakeholder participation than other statutory designations. Drawing on a theory of collaborative planning advanced by Healey (1997, 1998a) this study provides an in-depth analysis of the history of the Formosan Landlocked Salmon Wildlife Refuge to evaluate the effectiveness of a collaborative approach to planning and management. A historical review of institutional practices suggests that several attempts have been made to move towards a more collaborative approach to natural areas planning and management in Taiwan. For example, devolution of power to the local government on a legal basis, some involvement of local people and conservation NGOs in the planning process on a legal basis, and establishment of formal instruments of policy, such as management plans and advisory committees. These are all ways of encouraging government institutions and scientists to work together in processes of planning and management. However, these practices mainly involve establishing formal arenas to foster the implementation of official ‘plans’ and their imposition on local areas. Local knowledge and local people are still marginalized in the planning process. Public meetings convened as part of the research were held with local farmers, tourists, and local management authorities and provided new inclusionary and communicative forums and arenas that were appreciated by most participants. The meetings discussed a range of issues based on local knowledge previously not addressed in traditional planning meetings. The meetings also involved local people who had previously been excluded from traditional planning processes. Such meetings brought together local people and the local management authorities in a face-to-face, consensus-building process. The meetings demonstrated how new political instruments designed to build social capacity amongst all relevant stakeholders can be used as a means of mobilising collaborative actions associated with the management of the local area. Detailed qualitative analysis of the record of these public meetings reveals that the main management problem of the Formosan Salmon Refuge Area arises from the different priorities given by stakeholders to two concepts: ‘livelihoods of people’ and ‘the well-being of wildlife.’ A sustainable solution to the long term management of the area will require a continuing programme of collaborative planning so that agreement can be reached about how these two goals can be reconciled. Recommendations about the forms such approaches might take are suggested based on a theoretically informed and explicit evaluation of the case study. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS It is almost impossible to acknowledge all those who have contributed to the writing of this thesis. First and foremost 1 would like to wholeheartedly thank my supervisor Carolyn Harrison for her tremendous help throughout my time at UCL. Her patience, critical guidance and a great deal of encouragement have fostered my research interest and motivation, and led me gradually on the right path of learning. Carolyn’s supervision and her family’s warm support have made my four-year study at UCL an enjoyable journey and experience. 1 would like to extend my thanks to Sheilah Meikle, Andrew Warren, Jacquie Burgess, Richard Munton, Pasty Healey, and many people in the Environment and Society Research Unit (ESRU) for their valuable comments and advice on my research, particularly in helping me in the development of my thinking and research approaches. For financial support 1 am indebted to the Ministry of Education in Taiwan for granting me a four-year scholarship between Sep 1997 and Aug 2001. 1 would also like to express my gratitude to the Cultural Division of Taipei Representative Office in the UK that administers the scholarship scheme and has always kept an active interest in my personal and intellectual well-being. In the course of my fieldwork in Taiwan 1 have begged for favours from many people and institutions. In particular 1 would like to thank the Council of Agriculture, the Wuling Farm Office (especially for kindly offering me free accommodation and a motorcycle throughout my second phase of fieldwork), the Shei-Pa National Park Headquarters and its Wuling Warden and Police Office, the Forestry Bureau Tungshih Branch, the Taichung County Government, the Endemic Species Research Institution, and all the nice people from these institutions, all the friendly local farmers and their family in the Wuling area, and all those who took part in interviews and group meetings, and Pei-Fen Lee at National Taiwan University and his colleagues. The conduct of fieldwork would have not been possible without their generous help, support, and participation. Many thanks go to all the nice people from the Hawkridge, the Nansen Village, AFSIL, the International Lutheran Student Centre, and the St. Helens Church in London for their friendship, help, and company. Special thanks and love go to Professor Shin Wang, Mr. Hsiao-Yu Tang, and Miss Ling-Yu Hsu and her family in Taiwan for their constant encouragement, generous help, and valuable advice. A big thank you also to my dear friends Tung-Liang & Shu-Ming, Wei-Hsi & Chuan Pao, and Tao-Chung & Jan-Yin for their lovely friendship. Finally, 1 would like to give my sincere love and thanks to my parents and parents-in-low, my sister Ming-Hsuan and my brother Kuang-Yu in the United States, and my dear wife Mei-Ling and our two sons Po-Sheng and Po-Wen. Their love and full support have been the foundation of my four-year study in the UK. CONTENTS TITLE ABSTRACT ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS CONTENTS FIGURES TABLES PLATES Chapter 1 Introduction............................................................................................ 11 1.1. Introduction .................................................................................................................11 1.2. Thesis structure............................................................................................................13 1.3. General background and problems of protected area management ............................... 14 1.3.1. Definition, categories, and management objectives of protected areas ...............15 1.3.2. Problems and causes of people-park conflicts ....................................................17 1.4. Public participation and participatory approaches ........................................................ 22 1.4.1. Definition and types of public participation ...................................................... 22 1.4.2. Varieties of participatory approaches................................................................. 24 1.4.3. Benefits and risks of public participation .......................................................... 26 1.4.4. Problems of participatory approaches................................................................29 1.5.Public participation in environmental decision-making in Taiwan ...............................29 1.5.1. The development of Taiwan’s environmental movement ...................................30 1.5.2. Public participation in the planning systems of protected areas ......................... 32 1.6. Conclusion ..................................................................................................................41 Chapter 2 Theory and Methodology ...................................................................... 44 2.1. Introduction ............................................................................................... 44 2.2. Theoretical underpinnings of collaborative planning ................................................... 45 2.2.1. Choice of theory ............................................................................................. 45 2.2.2. Theories of collaborative planning ...................................................................45 2.2.3. Anthony Giddens and the theory of structuration ............................................. 46 2.2.4. Jurgen Habermas and the theory of communicative action ...............................47 2.3. Approach of collaborative planning .............................................................................48 2.3.1. How are collaborative processes to be constructed? ..........................................49
Recommended publications
  • 崑 山 科 技 大 學 應 用 英 語 系 Department of Applied English Kun Shan University
    崑 山 科 技 大 學 應 用 英 語 系 Department of Applied English Kun Shan University National Parks in Taiwan 臺灣的國家公園 Instructor:Yang Chi 指導老師:楊奇 Wu Hsiu-Yueh 吳秀月 Ho Chen-Shan 何鎮山 Tsai Ming-Tien 蔡茗恬 Wang Hsuan-Chi 王萱琪 Cho Ming-Te 卓明德 Hsieh Chun-Yu 謝俊昱 中華民國九十四年四月 April, 2006 Catalogue Chapter 1 Introduction ............................................................ 2 1.1 Research motivation ...................................................................................... 2 1.2 Research purpose ........................................................................................... 3 1.3 Research procedure ....................................................................................... 6 Chapter 2 Research Information ............................................. 8 2.1 Yangmingshan National Park ....................................................................... 8 2.2 Shei-Pa National Park ................................................................................. 12 2.3 Taroko National Park .................................................................................. 17 2.4 Yushan National Park .................................................................................. 20 2.5 Kenting National Park ................................................................................. 24 2.6 Kinmen National Park ................................................................................. 28 Chapter 3 Questionnarie ........................................................ 32 Chapter 4 Conclusion ............................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Travel & Culture 2017
    July 2017 | Vol. 47 | Issue 7 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE IN TAIPEI IN OF COMMERCE THE AMERICAN CHAMBER TRAVEL & CULTURE 2017 TAIWAN BUSINESS TOPICS TAIWAN July 2017 | Vol. 47 | Issue 7 Vol. July 2017 | 中 華 郵 政 北 台 字 第 5000 號 執 照 登 記 為 雜 誌 交 寄 ISSUE SPONSOR Published by the American Chamber Of Read TOPICS Online at topics.amcham.com.tw NT$150 Commerce In Taipei 7_2017_Cover.indd 1 2017/6/30 10:34:18 AM 順應時勢 全 新 夥 伴 關 係,由 此 開 啟 在霸菱,我們致力滿足客戶當前和持續演變的需求。 我們的業務據點遍及全球,對傳統及私人投資資產類別擁有獨特專業知識, 為客戶量身打造創新策略以及嶄新的投資方案。 了解霸菱如何重新定義投資的領導地位: BARINGS.COM/ABOUTUS/TAIWAN 【霸菱證券投資顧問股份有限公司 獨立經營管理】 台北市基隆路一段333號21樓2112室 一百零六金管投顧新字第零零貳號 0800 062 068 BAM2017029 C ONT ENTS JULY 2017 VOLUME 47, NUMBER 7 一○六年七月號 Publisher 發行人 Andrea Wu 吳王小珍 Editor-in-Chief 總編輯 Don Shapiro 沙蕩 Associate Editor 副主編 Tim Ferry 法緹姆 Art Director/ 美術主任/ Production Coordinator 後製統籌 Katia Chen 陳國梅 Manager, Publications Sales & Marketing 廣告行銷經理 Caroline Lee 李佳紋 American Chamber of Commerce in Taipei see: on the front lines of history p. 18 photo: matthew fulco 129 MinSheng East Road, Section 3, 7F, Suite 706, Taipei 10596, Taiwan P.O. Box 17-277, Taipei, 10419 Taiwan Tel: 2718-8226 Fax: 2718-8182 e-mail: [email protected] website: http://www.amcham.com.tw 名稱:台北市美國商會工商雜誌 發行所:台北市美國商會 臺北市10596民生東路三段129號七樓706室 電話:2718-8226 傳真:2718-8182 Taiwan Business TOPICS is a publication of the American Chamber of Commerce in Taipei, ROC. Contents are independent of and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Officers, Board of Governors, Supervisors or members.
    [Show full text]
  • Taichung Bus Info Splendor Hotel—Taichung (04) 2328-8000 Taiwan Taoyuan Taipei
    1 2 3 4 5 6 7 苗 苗40 48 苗 42 42 苗 Dajia Districts Bailusi Forest 121 Legend Protection Area Scenic Spots Dist. 苗40 Tongxiao Town 13 Nature & Park Culture & Temple 中1 Dajia Changshou Rd. 130 Dist. 10 Lishan Heritage Railway River 1 Lishan Scenic Area N4 N3 Da'an 125 140 Museum 苗 Waipu 中 苗 61 苗48 2 Lishan Guest House N3 Dist. 37 11 Pear Culture D7 Dist. 苗 Wuling Forest A 47-1 3 M3 Museum A TongluoRecreation Township Area Houli 中 High-Speed Railway Mountain 13 Shihgang Tu Niu D6 Qingshui 1 Dist. Line-Driving119 guide 4 Guguan Scenic Area N2 Hakka Culture Museum Dist. Hometown of Shunfan Rd. 3 5 Dasyueshan National M2 16 DaJia Jenn Lann B2 Sea 20 Temple Shigang Crafts Park 苗 Forest Recreation Area Sea Shengang Freeway 60 20 Craftsman´s Hometown Dist. Dist. Mountain 6 Dakeng Hiking Trail E5 of Dajia Township 苗 Yuanli Town Sea Line- Driving A2 Fengyuan 61 7 Basianshan National Wuqi Shalu Taichung Youshi YuanlI Interchange 130 17 guide N2 25 Zhen-Wu Temple D1 Dist. Dist. Giant Industrial Park Forest Dist. Dongshi City 苗46 27 Huanghsi Tutorial F1 Daya Dist. Heping Manufacturing Fushoushan Farm 61 Dist. Tanzi Linjiang Rd. 苗 Federal highway 8 N3 Academy 苗 Co. Ltd 45 Longjing Dist. 苗 Dist. 49 9 Tianchi N3 28 Jhuifen Train Statoin F2 Dist. Xitun 苗56 Flower Line- City 136 12 Tungshih Forest Park N1 33 Chang Lien-cheng C4 Dist. Beitun 120 Driving guide City 中 14 Shihgang Dam Saxophone Museum Dist.
    [Show full text]
  • 國立中興大學 National Chung Hsing University 臺中, 臺灣 Taichung, Taiwan (R.O.C)
    國立中興大學 National Chung Hsing University 臺中, 臺灣 Taichung, Taiwan (R.O.C) Tzu-Jung LIU (劉子榕) Department of Chemical Engineering [email protected] Where is Taiwan? Where is Taichung City? About Taiwan 1. Area: 36,197 km2 2. Population: 23,603,121(2019, Dec.) 3. Languages: Chinese, Taiwanese (Hokkien), Hakka, Formosan languages 4. The written language in Taiwan is Traditional Chinese. 5. Religion: Buddhism, Taoism, Christianity… 6. Ethnic groups in Taiwan: Han Chinese, indigenous, foreign residents About Taichung City 1. Temperature: Summer 25~30 oC Winter 10~20 oC 2. Raining season: Jun. ~ Sept. Taichung city is one of climatic comfort city in Taiwan! National Chung Hsing University (NCHU) https://www.nchu.edu.tw/en-index National Chung Hsing University (NCHU) 1. NCHU was originally founded as Advanced Academy of Agronomy and Forestry by Japanese government in 1919. 2. NCHU has 9 colleges, including Liberal Arts, Management, Law and Politics, Science, Engineering, Agriculture and Natural Resources, Life Sciences, Veterinary Medicine, International College of Innovation and Industry Liaison, and 55 different institutes. Foreign students Nationality Persons Percent Vietnam 60 15% Thailand 47 12% India 44 11% Indonesia 35 9% Malaysia 33 8% Germany 26 6% Japan 20 5% Philippines 14 3% Mongolia 8 2% Korea 6 1% Others 110 27% Total 403 100% https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ndsez3_hD6U Attractions in Taichung City Great architectures Beautiful city view Historic sites Attractions in Taichung City Natural view Gaomei Wetland Wuling Farm Dasyueshan National Forest Recreation Area Wuling National Forest Recreation Area Attractions in Taipei City A beautiful city with enrichment Chinese and Japanese culture.
    [Show full text]
  • Afita-Program.Pdf
    Asian Federation for Information Technology in Agriculture / World Conference on Computers in Agriculture September 3 – 6, 2012, Taipei, Taiwan Content Welcome Message 002 Acknowledgement 003 Committees 003 Conference Information 005 Social Program 010 General Information 011 Sightseeing 013 Technical Program - Program at-a-Glance 015 - Monday, September 3, 2012 016 - Tuesday, September 4, 2012 017 - Wednesday, September 5, 2012 030 - Poster Session 038 - Instruction for Chairs and Speakers 041 Abstracts - Tuesday, September 4, 2012 042 - Wednesday, September 5, 2012 106 001 Asian Federation for Information Technology in Agriculture / World Conference on Computers in Agriculture September 3 – 6, 2012, Taipei, Taiwan Welcome Message Dear distinguished participants, colleagues and friends, On behalf of the Organizing Committee of The 8th Asian Federation for Information Technology in Agriculture (AFITA 2012) and World Conference on Computers in Agriculture (WCCA 2012), we would like to welcome your participation for this biennial event held during Sep. 3rd~6th, 2012 at National Training Institute of Farmers’ Organizations (Tianmu Convention Center) in Taipei, Taiwan. This year, we received 160 paper submissions from 23 different countries around the world. We would like to thank those who submitted papers to the congress and we are very proud that the quality of the papers is ever improving. The Organizing Committee is pleased to announce that we have prepared a very comprehensive scientific program which will be featured as two keynote lectures, four workshops and twenty-one seminars of the accepted papers. Furthermore, social programs and field trips have been arranged for participants to experience the unique fusion of Taiwanese cultures, lifestyles, and exotic cuisines in this energetic city, Taipei.
    [Show full text]