CENSUS 1961 KERALA STATE DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK 1 CANNANORE M. K.. DEVASSY B. A., B. L. OF THE INDIAN ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICE SUPERINTENDENT OF CENSUS OPERATIONS, KERALA AND THE UNION TERRITORY OF LACCADIVE. MINICOY AND AMlNDIVI ISLANDS 1965 PRIN'I'BD BY THE S.G.P. AT THE GOVERNMENT PRESS. TRIVANDRUM, 1965. PREFACE The District Census Handbooks were started for the first time in the history of the decennial censuses in India in 1951. The Handbooks of the Travancore­ Cochin and Madras States iIn the 1951 Census contained, besides a short account of the district and the peopl~, important census tables for the district and a village directory consistiq.g of the .area, houses, population, number of literates, the distribution of population by livelihood classes, the number of institutions and general information on amenities etc., in respect of every village. In the 1961 Census i( was decided with the concurrence of the State Government to continue the publication of the District Census Handbooks. The contents of the District Census l;landbooks of the 1961 Census are, however, a little more ambitious than those of the 1951 Census Handbooks in that besides the items of information men­ tioned above a large number of tables giving general information about the districts have been added. The number of such tables comes to 42 besides 60 inset tables excluding those given in'respect of Census data. As far as possible, an attempt has been made through these tables to give an epitome of the progress made by the district in various fields during the inter-censal period 1951-61. The book is divided into three parts. Part A gives a general description of the district, ,the progress made during the last decade, a review of the population, literacy, employment and unemployment, household economic data etc., of the district based on Census data and a gazetteer. The appendices to this part contain the various tables of general information on which the review of progress has been based. Part B contains the Census data of 1961 comprising the general population tables, economic i tables including household economic tables, social and cult~ral tables, and special tables for Scheduied Castes and Scheduled Tribe~. It is hoped that this handbook will serve as a useful reference boqk on the Cannanore district. A book of this kind could not have been compiled but for the hearty co­ operation and goodwill extended by the various departments of the State and Central Governments to whose kindness I am deeply indebted. The District Census Handbook Section of my office consisting of a Statistical Assistant and a couple of Compilers has been in charge of the entire work of collection and com­ pilation of the data for this handbook. At the time of addressing the various departments for collection of information for the District Census Handbook Shri H. Padmanabha Iyer of the Bureau of Economics and Statistics was the Statistical Assistant in charge of the section. After a short period of work in this section he .was transferred to the Tabulation Office, Kozhikode, as the Tabulation Officer. He was succeeded by Shri S. J ayashanker of the Bureau of Economies and Statistics as Statistical Assistant in charge of this handbook. While Shri Padmanabha Iyer has rendered excellent service in piloting the work of the collection of data for the handbooks, Shri Jayasnanker who- succeeded him has borne the brunt of the work in the preparation of this handbook which involved a good deal of careful analysis and laborious compilation. I feel happy in acknowledging the valuable contribution made by them and particularly Shri J ayashanker in the compilation of this important hook. I should also acknowledge the good work of the Compilers of the District Census Handbook Section, Sarvashri K. N. Raman and E. V. Unnikrishnan Nair and of draftsman Shri S. Krishna Pillai who has prepared the entire set of maps given in the book. I should express my deep sense .of gratitude to Shri P. K. Abdulla, I. A. S., Secretary to Government and Shri K. Swaminathan, Superintendent of Govern­ ment Presses for the warm co-operation extended by them for the timely printing of this handbook. Above all I am grateful to Shri Asok Mitra I.e.s., Registrar General, for the valuable guidance and help extended to me in this work. Trivandrum, 1st February 1965 M. K. DEVASSY 11 CONTENTS PAGE PREFACE PART A GENERAL History of the district I Situation . I Administrative nnits . I Area, physical features and natural divisions • • • 2 River 'systems 5 Moun~ains 8 Backvyaters 8 Soils, 8 Geology 10 Clim&te 11 Forests 14 Land tenures 14 Agriculture 20 Live-stock 26 Educational Institutions 27 Public health 29 Vital statistics 31 Electric power 32 COmInunications 32 Industries 35 Trade 40 Fisheries 40 Community development 40 Revenue . 41 ,Local ,self government 41 Co-operative societies 42 Criminal justice 43 RC'(gist:tation . 46 Small ~vings sch~me . 46 Prin tin~ presses and periodicals 46 ~ tertair:).men ts . 46 Employment Exchanges 46 Important events . 46 Occupied house,\; and households 46 Growth of popq.lation 49 Population by t:aluks . 50 Population by rural-urban distribution 50 Population by natural regions 51 Population density 52 Sex-ratio 53 Age 55 Marital status 56 Religion . 56 Literacy and education 57 Languages 61 Birth place 62 Workers and non-workers 63 Household economic data 71 Gazetteer 75 PAGE APPENDICES Appendix 1 Normals of rainfall and rainy days (based on available data for the period 1901 to 1950) for Cannanore, Hosdrug~ Irikkur7 Kasaragod, Mananthody, Payyanur, TaliparaIIlba and Tellicherry stations . 83 Appendix 2 Rainfall data for Cannanore, Hosdrug, Irikkur, Kasara­ god, Mananthody, Payyanur, Taliparamba and Telli­ cherry stations 84 Appendix 3 Temperature data for Cannanore, Kasaragod and Telli- cherry stations 88 Appendix 4 Major and minor forest products 90 Appendix 5 Production of importan t crops for the last six years 90 Appendix 6 Retail prices of certain commodities for Cannanore and Kasaragod centres 91 Appendix 7 Live-stock and poultry (Live-stock Census 1961) 94 Appendix 8 Agricultural machinery and implements (Live-stock Census 1961) 100 Appendix 9 Technical institutions 100' Appendix 10 Colleges for the academic year 1960-61 WI Appendix 11 Number of institutions and number of persons treated for the period 1950-51 to 1960-61. • 101 Appendix 12 Indoor patients treated in various hospitals and dispen- saries by diseases for 1960-61 . 102 Appendix 13 Rural sanitation for the period 1950-51 to 1960-61 102' Appendix 14 ' An ti-ad ul tel'ation activities for the period 1956-57 to 1960-61 102 Appendix 15 Polymetric table of distances 103 Appendix 16 Facilities at various railway stations 105 Appendix 17 List of post offices 106 Appendix 18 Connections provided from telephone exchanges during the period 1950-51 to 1960-61 . log. Appendix 19 Annual average eamings of workmen in a category of work for the p,eriod 1950-51 to 1960-61 !lO Appendix 20 Handicrafts 113 Appendix 21 Number of industrial disputes resulting in work-stoppages for the period 1957 to 1960 . 113 Appendix 22 Number of industrial disputes resulting in work-stoppages by causes for the period 1957 to 1960 . 114 Appendix 23 Number and tonnage of vessels 114 Appendix 24 Imports into the ports of Cannanore and Tellicherry for the period 1951-52 to 1959-60 1I6 Appendix 25 Exports from the ports of Cannanore and Tellicherry for the period 1951-52 to 1959-60. 123 Appendix 26 Physical achievements and people's contribution for the period 1956-57 to 1960-61, . 13() Appendix 27 Receipts under excise revenue for the period 1950-51 to 1960-61 132 Appendix 28 Sales-tax revenue ~or the period 1950-51 to 1960-61 132 Appendix 29 Agricultural incQmetax and agricultural supertax classified by grade of income for the period 1958-59 to 1960-61 133 Appendix 30 Incidence of land revenue assessment for the period ~ ~, 1950-51 to 1960-61 134 jv PAGE Appendix 31 Receipts under entertainment taX for the period 1950-51 to 1959-60 134 Appendix 32 Income of municipalities for the period 1955-56 to 1960-61 135 Appendix 33 Expendit~re of municipalities for the period 1955-56 to 1960-61 136- Appendix 34 Income of panchaya ts for the period 1955-56 to 1960-61 137 Appendix 35 Expenditure of panchayats for the period 1955-56 to 1960-61 137 Appendix 36 Nature and length of sentence of convicts in jails for the period 1950-51 to 1960-61 138 Appendix 37 Number of police stations, strength of police personnel etc. for the period 1950-51 to 1960-61 138- Appendix 38 Number of registered documents and values of property transferred for the period 1950-51 to 1960-61 139 Appendix 39 Number of printing presses and periodicals for the period 1950-51 to 1960-61. • 139 Appendix 40 Cinemas conducted in Cannanore and Tellicherry munici- palities for the period 1950-51 to 1960-61 • 140 Appendix 41 Employment exchange activities for the period 1958-59 to 1960-61 140 Appendix 42 Important events during the last decade 141 PART B CENSUS DATA (i) STATE TABLES I AREA, HOUSES AND POPULATION 3 II VARIATION IN POPULATION DURING SIXTY YEARS 4 UI WORKERS AND NON-WORKERS CLASSIFIED BY SEX 6 (ii) CANNANORE DISTRICT TABLES A-GENERAL POPULATION TABLES A-li[AREA, HOUSES AND POPULATION Fly-leaf 11 Table A-I 14 Appendix I Statement showing 1951 territorial units constituting the present set-up of Cannanore district 17 Appendix II Number of villages with a population of 5,000 and over and towns with a population under 5,000 18 Appendix III Houseless and Institutional population