The New Year Crisis January 1916 fa fa PUBLISHER'S CHAT fa fa

The CRISIS Calendar for 19! 6 is a small encyclopedia of the Negro race, with all the facts you want and can never find. Twenty-five cents. Order now for the edition is limited. Is it a New Year's Gift to a friend ? Why not make it a year's subscription to The CRISIS ? The subscription is One Dollar per year. Our pretty holiday card announcing the gift will be sent for the asking. The February CRISIS will be New Orleans Number and it will be un­ usually well worth reading.

H Selected List of Books

These prices do not include postage. Postage extra.

HAZEL. (Mary White Ovington) $1.00 THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF AN EX-COLORED MAN. (Anonymous) 1.20 NORRIS WRIGHT CUNEY. (Maud Cuney Hare) 1.50 A NARRATIVE OF THE NEGRO. (Leila Amos Pendleton; 1.50 SOULS OF BLACK FOLK. (W. E. B. DU Bois) 1.25 THE WHITE MAN'S BURDEN. (T. Shirby Ilodge) 1.00 RACE ADJUSTMENT. (Kelly Miller) 2.00 HISTORY OF THE NEGRO. (B. G. Brawley) 1.25 HALF A MAN. (Mary White Ovington) 1.00 AFTERMATH OF SLAVERY. (William Sinclair) 1.50 JOHN BROWN. (W. E. B. Du Bois) 1.25 NEGRO IN AMERICAN HISTORY. (J. W. Cromwell) 1.25 PRINCE HALL AND HIS FOLLOWERS. (George W. Crawford) 1.00 LIBERIA. (Frederick Starr) 1.00 THE NEGRO. (W. E. B. DU Bois) 50 THE EDUCATION OF THE NEGRO PRIOR TO 1861. (Carter G. Woodsor.) 2.00 FACTS OF RECONSTRUCTION. (John R. Lynch) 1.50 STORY OF THE NEGRO. 2 Volumes. (Booker T. Washington) 3.00 MASTERPIECES OF NEGRO ELOQUENCE. (Alice Moore Dunbar, Editor) 2.50 POEMS OF PAUL LAURENCE DUNBAR 2.00 AFRO-AMERICAN FOLKSONGS. (H. E. Krehbiel) 2.00 OUT OF THE HOUSE OF BONDAGE. (Kelly Miller) 1.50

Address THE CRISIS, 70 Fifth Avenue, New York

Mention THE CRISIS Edition 36,000 THE CRISIS A RECORD OF THE DARKER RACES

PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE. AT 70 FIFTH AVENUE. NEW YORK CITY Conducted by W. E. BURGHARDT DU BOIS AUGUSTUS GRANVILLE DILL, Business Manager

Contents Copyrighted. 1916, by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Contents for January, 1916

PICTURES Page COVER. "To the Highest Bidder." After the celebrated painting by Harry Roseland. Copyrighted by the artist. MEN OF THE MONTH 119 IRA ALDRIDGE 121 TWO MAJORS 130 OUR CHRISTMAS GREETINGS TO HAITI 134 LYNCHING AT TEMPLE, TEXAS 145 ARTICLES "AUNT BET" By D. A. M. 136 SEBASTIAN GOMEZ By Arthur A. Schomburg 136 THE "JIM-CROW" CAR. An N. A. A. C. P. Investigation. Part II. By T. Montgomery Gregory 137 GO. A Poem : By Lucian B. Watkins 143 DEPARTMENTS ALONG THE COLOR LINE 111 MEN OF THE MONTH 118 OPINIONS 122 EDITORIAL 132 NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COL­ ORED PEOPLE 139 THE BURDEN 144 THE LETTER BOX 146

TEN CENTS A COPY; ONE DOLLAR A YEAR FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTIONS TWENTY-FIVE CENTS EXTRA RENEWALS: When a subscription blank is attached to this page a renewal of your subscrip­ tion is desired. The date of the expiration of your subscription will be found on the wrapper. CHANGE OF ADDRESS: The address of a subscriber can be changed as often as desired. In ordering a change of address, both the old and the new address must be given. Two weeks' notice is required. MANUSCRIPTS and drawings relating to colored people are desired. They must be accom­ panied by return postage. If found unavailable they will be returned. Entered as Second-class Matter in the Post Office at New York, N. Y. 108 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER Atlanta University MOREHOUSE COLLEGE (Formerly Atlanta Baptist College) Is beautifully located in the City of Atlanta, ATLANTA, GA Ga. The courses of study include High School, Normal School and College, with College, Academy, Divinity School manual training and domestic science. Among An institution famous within recent years the teachers are graduates of Yale, Harvard, for its emphasis on all sides of manly develop­ Dartmouth and Wellesley. Forty-six years ment—the only institution in the far South of successful work have been completed. devoted solely to the education of Negro Students come from all parts of the South. young men. Graduates are almost universally successful. Graduates given high ranking by greatest For further information address northern universities. Debating, Y. M. C. A., President EDWARD T. WARE athletics, all live features. ATLANTA, OA. For information address JOHN HOPE, President Knoxville College Beautiful Situation. Healthful Location. WILEY UNIVERSITY The Best Moral and Spiritual Environ­ ment. A Splendid Intellectual Atmos­ MARSHALL, TEXAS phere. Noted for Honest and Thorough Recognized as a college of the First Class Work. Offen full courses in the following departments: by Texas and Louisiana State Boards of College, Normal, High School, Grammar School and industrial. Education. Harvard, Yale and Columbia Good water, steam heat, electric lights, good drain­ represented on its faculty; students gath­ age. Expense! Tery reasonable. Opportunity for self-help. ered from ten different states. Fall Term Began September, 1915 For information address Strongest Music Department in the West President R. W. McGRANAHAN KNOXVILLE, TENN. M. W. DOGAN, President

FISK UNIVERSITY NASHVILLE, TENN. THE AGRICULTURAL Founded 1866 Thorough Literary, Scientific, Educational, TECHNICAL COLLEGE Musical and Social Science Courses. Pioneer in Negro music. Special study in Negro life. of Ideal and sanitary buildings and groundi. Well-equipped Science building. North Carolina Christian home life. (Formerly the A. & M. College) High standard of independent manhood and womanhood. For literature, etc., write The 22d annual session began FAYETTE AVERY McKENZIE, President September 1, 1915. Board, lodging and tuition $8.00 per month. Four BEREAN MANUAL TRAINING year courses leading to trade certifi­ AND INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL cates. Four year college courses SOUTH COLLEGE AVENUE, PHILADELPHIA, PA. leading to degrees of Bachelor of Fall Term and Seventeenth Year Opened Science in Agriculture and Bachelor Tuesday, October 5th, 1915 of Science in Mechanics. Domestic Art, Industrial Art, Commercial, Music and English. Excellent opportunity for small groups and specialized classes. Age, sex For catalog or further information or previous training no bar to entrance if ap­ Address plicant has good character. Helpfulness our object. Efficiency our aim. President Dudley, A. & T. College GREENSBORO, N. C. Evening session. Write now. MATTHEW ANDERSON, Principal 1926 SOUTH COLLEGE AVENUE PHILADELPHIA. PA.

Mention THE CRISIS THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 109

The National Religious Training School

"I cordially commend the school's interest and needs to all who believe in the Negro race and in our obligation to help promote its intellectual, moral and religious uplift." REV. DR. CHARLES H. PAKKHUKST, New York City.

IT IS MORE THAN A MERE SCHOOL IT IS A COMMUNITY OF SERVICE AND UPLIFT Its influence is destined to be felt in all sections of the country in improved Negro community life wherever our trained workers locate. Settlement workers, missionaries for home and foreign mission fields, Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. secretaries and district nurses receive a comprehensive grasp of their studies under a Wellesley graduate and experienced co-workers and actual every-day practice through the school's SOCIAL SERVICE DEPARTMENT. We aim also to create a better qualified ministry. Industrial training, advanced literary branches, business school. Thirty-two acres; ten modern buildings; healthful location. We can accommodate a few more earnest, ambitious students. Communities requiring social workers should write us.

For catalog and detailed information address: PRESIDENT JAMES E. SHEPARD National Religious Training School Durham, N. C. The school has no endowment fund and must raise a yearly maintenance fund of $15,000 for running expenses. Won't you help us this yearT

The Cheyney Training School for Teachers CHEYNEY, PENNSYLVANIA

Under the management of the Society of Friends. Beautifully located, healthful, well appointed, and within easy reach of a great variety of educa­ tional institutions, public and private, extending from West Chester to Philadelphia; representing a wide range of educational problems and practice. This school offers to young colored men and women who have a reasonable secondary school preparation, and who earnestly desire to become teachers, carefully graded courses in academic work, domestic science, domestic art, manual crafts and agriculture. For teachers of experience and intending teachers it offers also a six weeks' summer-school course during the months of July and August. Tuition is free. Board, lodging, heat, light and laundry privileges are offered for nine months for $100. The charge for the same during the summer-school course is $15. Write for particulars to

LESLIE PINCKNEY HILL, Principal

Mention THE CHISIS 110 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

ST. MARY'S SCHOOL E. ALDAMA JACKSON Graduate Institute of Musical Art, Organist and Director An Episcopal boarding school for girls, of Music St. Mark's M. £. Church under the direction of the Sisters of St. Mary. Teacher of Theory and Piano Address: Theory course embraces elementary and advanced THE SISTER-IN-CHARGE Harmony or Counterpoint. 609 N. 43d St. W. Philadelphia, Pa. Private or Clas$ Work Studio: 30 W. 132d STREET, NEW YORK CITY ROLAND W. HAYES, TENOR Recitals Concerts Oratorio Opera "An unusually good voice. The natural OF INTEREST TO VOCALISTS quality is beautiful. It is a luscious yet manly Tone-Placing and Voice Development, With Sup­ voice. Mr. Hayes sings freely and with good plement Co-ordinating with Original Chapters taste."—Philip Hale, in the Boston Herald. Highly recommended and endorsed "A voice of unusual sweetness and calibre." by well known Choral and Musical —Chattanooga Times. Societies, Directors, Vocal Teachers Address: 3 WARWICK ST., BOSTON. MASS. and Musical Publications, as evi­ denced by the following extracts selected at random from those who know: Pedro T. Tinsley of Chicago is Evans Art the first of the vocal teachers to realize the possibilities of Tone- Placing and Vowel Values (Study) as applied to music, and will soon Pianos AND Players be reaping his reward in the knowl­ edge that he is helping thousands Factory to You to a thorough musical education where he previously helped but hundreds. THE MUSIC TRADES. I highly endorse your Book Tone-Placing and Voice-Development as being in a class by itself. This is my fourth order and will be able to use quite a number of additional copies very soon. G. W. WILLIAMS, B.M.A., 1214 Pease Ave., Houston, Texas. "Dear Mr. Tinsley: AND UP CAN BE SAVED BY MY PLAN OI "I take great pleasure in commending your very SELLING DIRECT FROM MY FACTORY TO YOU. I CAN useful and succinctly written book on 'Tone-Placing SAVE VOU FROM S125 TO §250 ON AN Evans Artist and Voice-Development.' Your own appreciation of Model Piano or flayer. FREIGHT Paid fne E&SIEST KIND OF TERMS,WEEK- the psychology of singing and the fundamental prin­ LY, MONTHLY, QUARTERLY OR YEARLY ciples of the art you have cleverly reduced to a PAYMENTS TO SUIT YOUR CONVENIENCE. ALL MIDDLE­ simple system. Cordially yours, MEN, JOBBERS, DEALERS AND AGENTS PROFITS CUT "Father WILLIAM J. FINN, C. S. P., OUT. THESE ARE SOME I>F THE REASONS WHY 1 CAN SELL THE EVANS ARTIST MODEL PIANOS FOR SUCH LITTLE Director Paulist Choristers of Chicago." MONEY. LET ME SEND YUU THE OTHER REASONS. From "Musical Courier," N. Y.: "A very practical little book is 'Tone-Placing and Voice-Development,' 30 DAYS FREE TRIAL WE ALLOW ALL FREIGHT CHARGES, LET YOU USE THE by Pedro T. Tinsley. It contains some very excellent BEAUTIFUL EVANS ARTIST MODEL PIANO FOR THIRTY material and vocal exercises, and should be in the DAYS FREE. IF YOU ARE NOT ENTIRELY SATISFIED, WE WILL hands of all vocal students." TAKE IT BACK WITHOUT ANY COST TO YOU—YOU ARE THE From "Music News," Chicago, 111.: "Accordingly SOLE JUD^CE TO DECIDE. IF YOU WANT TO KEEP IT, YOU MAY DO SO ON OUR LOW FACTORY WHOLESALE PRICE ON this 'Practical Method of Singing' is a most concise MOST CONVENIENT TERMS. and practical little manual, containing many valuable Music Lessons Without Cost vocal exercises. It cannot fail to be helpful to all TO EVERY CUSTOMER WE WILL GIVE A TWO YEARS ambitious vocal students." COURSE OF PIANO INSTRUCTION FREE. ASK ABOUT OUR PRICE $1.00 INSURANCE PLAN. WRITE TODAY. Address the publisher: Pedro T. Tinsley, 6448 Drexel STORY & CLARK PI A WO CO. Ave., Chicago, 111., or Clayton F. Summy, 64 E. Van F. O. EVANS, GEN. MGR., DEPT. B 35 CHICAGO Buren St., or Lyon & Healy, Adams and Wabash Ave., Chicago, 111.

LINCOLN, MD„ °EAR W«0D: D- C, on the finest The number and best constructed electric railroad in the world." of children in Special: A large lot, 50 by 150, a house to be built •n it according to plans specified in the contract, 3 Lincoln was in­ pear trees, 3 apple trees, 3 peach trees, 15 chickens, creased by ten 1 pig, firewood for two years, free grazing for cow •r horse, all for a total of $750; payable $5 down and new arrivals in $5 per month, without interest. Sample house now October, 1915. •ccupied by C. B. Fulton.

THE LINCOLN LAND AND WATCH

IMPROVEMENT COMPANY LINCOLN 1403 New York Ave. Washington, D. C. Norma and Peggie of Lincoln GROW Mention THE CRISIS THE CRISIS Vol. 11 -No. 3 JANUARY, 1916 Whole No. 63

Along the Color Line

MUSIC AND ART ft Mr. Clarence Cameron White closed THE symphony '"Antar," by the Rus- his fall concert tour with a very success­ • sian composer Rimsky-Korsakoff, ful recital given by the Euterpians at the the music of which is largely based on Howard Theatre on November 6th, at Oriental folk-themes, was played on Washington, D. C. November 12th by the Boston Symphony ft Mr. James Johnson's poem "The Orchestra, at Boston, Massachusetts. White Witch" is included in William The composer took the subject from Stanley Braithwaite's "Anthology of the Arab story. "x<\ntar" was a mu­ Magazine Verse for 1915," as one of the latto, the son of an African slave and best poems of the year. It originally ap­ a chieftain. Acknowledged and freed by peared in THE CRISIS for March, 1915. his father, he became famous as a poet The Boston Transcript of November and a valiant warrior. 30th says of Mr. Braithwaite: "He has ftSamuel Coleridge-Taylor's "Deep helped poetry to readers as well as to River" and "From the Green Heart of poets. One is guilty of no extravagance the Water" were among the numbers in saying that the poets we have—and given at a concert of sea pictures, at the they may take their place with their Chicago Musical College late in October. peers in any country—and the gathering C'Her Eyes Twin Pools," by Harry T. deference we pay them, are created Burleigh, the words by James Johnson, largely out of the stubborn, self-effacing was one of the novelties offered by enthusiasm of this one man. In a sense Arthur Herschmann in his song recital their distinction is his own. In a sense on November 6th at Aeolian Hall, New he has himself written their poetry. York. Very much by his toil they may write, II At a joint recital with Bauer, the emi­ and be read. Not one of them will ever nent pianist, Paul Althouse sang Bur­ write a finer poem than Braithwaite him­ leigh songs in an American group of self has lived already." representative compositions before the ftThe African exhibit at the American Woman's Club in Evanston, Illinois, on Museum of Natural History in New October 26th. York City has grown so large that it has ftThe Appomattox Club of Chicago been placed in a hall to itself. The re­ lately gave a Coleridge-Taylor concert in cent Lang-Chapin expedition brought remembrance of the composer's birthday. valuable additions from the Congo. The An address was delivered by Dr. Africans excel in iron and wood work, Charles E. Bentley. The musical pro­ in weaving artistic pile cloth and in mak­ gram was arranged by Mr. Pedro Tins- ing various types of musical instruments. ley. The artists were Mrs. Willa M. Specimens of all these are in this collec­ Sloan, soprano; Mr. W. H. Hackley, Dr. tion. W. Carver Williams, Mr. Harrison ftThe first American composer repre­ Emanuel, violinist and Mr. T. Theodore sented at the annual Christmas festival Taylor, pianist. of the Madison, Wisconsin, Choral 112 THE CRISIS

Union, is a Negro, R. Nathaniel Dett. Union and Petersburg which closed a 9 His carol "Listen to the Lambs" was to 7 victory for Union, and Howard de­ sung at the University of Wisconsin feated Union by a 18 to 0 score. Armory, December 11th. The Director Even with a knowledge of conditions says: existing, we venture to assert that until "Side by side with magnificent musical the seasonal games begin earlier, and climaxes is the syncopated time, which fuller schedules are the rule, although is so popular with rag-time lovers. Al­ smaller institutions are included, football most instantly it changes from grand and will never be the sport it should be majestic harmonies to some of those among colleges in this section. For some good old 'barber shop' minor chords, reason Lincoln University was not a which a bunch of fellows likes to hold on factor and played none of the I. C. A. A. to. Often when one voice is carrying a teams. catchy Negro air, the rest of the voices The advent of two new coaches enter­ are weaving a background of harmony ing the field made for renewed interest around it which carries the production in many circles. Walker Bacon a gradu­ out of the realm of ragtime into the ate of M Street High School of Wash­ realm of the classical." ington, D. C.j and Syracuse University, C'The Fruit of his Folly," a drama in took charge of the Petersburg team as five acts, was given at Wilber force Uni­ faculty director of athletics and coach versity, Ohio, under the direction of and all but defeated the school's big Miss Hallie Q. Brown. rival, Union. Merton P. Robinson, a CDavid Mannes, the violinist, will give well known football mentor, landed a two hours' instruction each week to the Deanship at Union University in the three best students of the violin in the Teachers' College and became faculty Music Settlement for Colored People in coach of athletics with a result that New York City. Union was able to throw a scare of con­ CWillie H. Butler of Yonkers, New siderable dimensions into the football York, is one of the pupils who will study camps of Howard and Hampton, a fact under Mr. Mannes. that will make Union be taken more seri­ CA new musical organization known as ously in coming seasons of sport if the "The Haywood Symphony Club" has system now employed obtains longer. been perfected in Oklahoma City, Okla­ The thrilling battle of the season was homa. the Thanksgiving struggle at Hampton. C[The French Government has pur­ Howard's line was incapable of prevent­ chased some paintings from Henry O. ing the charging forwards of Hampton Tanner, for its collection of modern art from smearing formations before they in the Luxembourg Gallery. were born, and the Hampton backfield CMme. Lillian Hawkins Jones, a con­ with the ever present Cayle for much of tralto of the Colorado Conservatory of the game romped over the Howard Music, is giving concerts in Kentucky trenches for big gains. and the South. CThe four most prominent institutions in football in the South would be ranked m this year as follows: Fisk first, More­ ATHLETICS house second, Talladega third, and Tus- TJAMPTON INSTITUTE captured kegee fourth. The following are the the Inter-Collegiate football title scores: of the South Atlantic States by defeat­ Fisk 0 Morehouse ... 0 ing all of its opponents in this vicinity. Fisk 47 Tuskegee 0 Union University of Richmond, fell a Fisk 9 Talladega 3 victim by a score of 13 to 0, and Howard Fisk 0 Wilberforce ... 0 University felt the crush of a perfect Morehouse ... 6 Tuskegee 6 machine on Thanksgiving Day when Morehouse-Talladega, declared "No Hampton rolled up 18 points via the Game." touchdown route and Howard scored nothing. Talladega 6 Tuskegee 6 Other important games were between The Morehouse-Talladega game was ALONG THE COLOR LINE 113

not played to a conclusion as darkness founded and maintained so far by the left fifteen minutes to play. Each school Virginia State Federation of Colored had really kicked one field goal which Women's Clubs. would have made the score 3—3, but the CI Union Hall, the building which the game was officially called "No Game" by colored Masons and Odd Fellows put up the umpire. Atlanta University has jointly in St. Paul, Minnesota, will be shown improvement in football, but was used by nineteen Negro fraternal so­ beaten by both Talladega and Tuskegee cieties. and lost to Morris Brown in her critical CA farewell reception and luncheon game on Thanksgiving Day 13 to 7. were tendered the men of the Twenty- CIn Washington on February 25th will fourth Infantry by both the colored and be held one of the largest athletic carni­ white residents of Manila, on their de­ vals held in the East at Convention Hall parture from the Philippines. under the auspices of Howard Univer­ CIn Spain it is one of the Three Wise sity and the Public Schools Athletic Men, the black king Balthaser, who League. visits each home and leaves presents for CJ- E. Tregg, a colored man, is a mem­ the children at Christmas. ber of the Varsity crew at Syracuse CThe simple people of both Poland and University, and also a member of the Spain worship with love and reverence football team. a Virgin Mary called the Black Ma­ CJames Wiley, fourteen years old, donna. proved the best all around athlete at a CThe Oklahoma State Federation of field meet of the Pathfinders' on the Negro Women's Clubs, along with other State Fair grounds in Minnesota. James earnest workers, has been successful in belongs to the Congo Club, which is the persuading the Oklahoma Legislature to one colored club in the Pathfinders' establish a school for incorrigible Negro camp. boys. CM Street High School won the foot­ CThe colored women's clubs of Guthrie. ball championship of the secondary Boley and McAlester, Oklahoma, sup­ school teams of the South Atlantic Sec­ port libraries in each of these towns. tion. CThe Woman's Study Club of Clarks­ burg, West Virginia, distributes maga­ SOCIAL UPLIFT zines to shut-ins and schools. Last WITH simple ceremonies and the spring it conducted a yard improvement singing of Negro folk songs contest, which thirty children entered. Booker T. Washington was buried at CAn Ogden auditorium will be erected Tuskegee Institute. Many distinguished at Hampton Institute, Virginia, in mem­ persons, white and black, were present. ory of the late Robert Ogden. Over Memorial meetings for Mr. Washington two-thirds of $100,000 needed has been have been held throughout the United subscribed. States and in Canada. CIn Spokane, Washington, Sam Glas­ CMrs. Mary Church Terrell spoke at gow, City Amusement Censor, allowed the Fifth Avenue Marble Collegiate the play "Birth of a Nation" to be pro­ Church, New York City, under the duced. The colored people organized auspices of the Women's Board of and defeated him for re-election by fifty Domestic Missions of the Reformed votes. This is effective censorship. Church of America. CJames C. Jones of Philadelphia has CEugene K. Jones, Associate Director invented a new mail receiver for railway of the National League on Urban Con­ mail. ditions among Negroes, is making a tour CEarnest colored people of Charleston, of cities in the Middle West urging the South Carolina, are making an effort to value of the work of the League. establish an Industrial Training Home CThe Virginia Legislature has given an for their young women. It will be named appropriation of $6,000 to the Industrial in honor of the late Dr. Mattie V. Lee. Home School for Colored Girls, in C Numbers of colored men registered Peake, Hanover County, an institution for the recent municipal election in 114 THE CRISIS

GIRLS OF DES MOINES, IOWA, IN THE "RAINBOW KIMONA"

Charleston, South Carolina, for the ftBurrell Memorial Hospital, a new in­ first time in years. stitution at Roanoke, Virginia, has re­ ftMargaret Burton, in her new book ceived its charter from the State. It is "Comrades in Service," devotes a chap­ well equipped and modern, and has a ter to Fannie Jackson Coppin. This competent staff of colored physicians. book will be used in the mission study ftThe colored branches of the Young course of the Y. W. C. A. this year, Men's Christian Association in Atlanta, ft Dr. Ira Landrith, a white Texan, is Georgia, Brooklyn, New York, and St. the first secretary to be appointed for Louis, Missouri, are each working hard the extension work lately undertaken by for new buildings. the Christian Endeavor Society. His ftThe Hartford (Conn.) Courant, in a work will be among the young colored recent Sunday number, had pictures of people of the South. fifteen distinguished colored residents of ftThe National Independent Equal Hartford. Rights League held its eighth annual ftOn December 19th the fiftieth anni­ meeting December 15-16 in Philadelphia, versary of Lewis Hayden, the colored Pennsylvania. This convention took abolitionist, was celebrated in Faneuil place in "Freedom Centennial Week," as Hall, Boston. December 18th is the exact date of the ftThe Georgia Baptist, edited for a num­ enactment of the Thirteenth Amend­ ber of years by the late Reverend W. J. ment. White at Augusta, Georgia, is to be pub­ ftA Woman Suffrage meeting was held lished again with Dr. C. T. Walker as in the First Presbyterian Church of editor. Newark, New Jersey, under the auspices ftThe alumni of Howard University, of the Women's Political Union. Washington, D. C, residing in Panama ftThe Richmond Negro Welfare Asso­ and Central America, have formed an ciation of Richmond, Virginia, held a tag association among themselves for mu­ day to get funds for the Colored Hos­ tual help. pital and Training School for Nurses, ft Miss Eva G. Burleigh has been elected which it plans to establish in that city. superintendent and Mrs. Lola Johnson ft"The Awakening of Hezekiah," a Guerst matron of the Sojourner Truth story of Negro political life, written by House, a home for unfortunate girls in John E. Bruce, will be published shortly New York City. by The Saturday News of Hopkinsville, ftThe Rhode Island Union of Colored Kentucky. Women's Clubs held their twelfth annual ftA fountain has been erected by the conference at Newport and heard among colored people of Harrisburg, Pennsyl­ others the report of the Prison Com­ vania, at the entrance to the Twelfth mittee. Street Playground, to the memory of ft Nine colored girls, assisted by a num­ one of their race, Dr. William H. Jones. ber of other citizens, gave an entertain­ ftThomas W. Fleming, a colored lawyer ment for the N. A. A. C. P. in Des of Cleveland, Ohio, was elected a mem­ Moines, Iowa. It was called "The Rain­ ber of the City Council from the Eleventh bow Kimona," and attracted much at­ Ward. tention. ALONG THE COLOR LINE 115

CFunds are being solicited by the CTwelve pupils from the Mayer Indus­ colored people of Philadelphia, Pennsyl­ trial School at Knoxville, Tennessee, vania, for the Lincoln Memorial, which gave a demonstration, at a recent meet­ will consist of a modern hospital and ing of the Synod of Tennessee, in the training school for nurses in the city, Fourth Presbyterian Church of that city. and a rural home for convalescents. The members of the church wish to These institutions will serve all the spread information of the good work colored people of Pennsylvania. which the school is doing among colored CThe first annual convention of the people of Knoxville. Pullman Porters' Benefit Association CMohammed Yohari, an African youth, was held in the Pullman Building, Chi­ whom Colonel Theodore Roosevelt met cago, Illinois. in Africa on his hunting trip, came to CThe Employed and Volunteer Work­ him in New York recently and asked to ers Among Colored Women in City be sent to school. Mr. Roosevelt sent Young Women's Christian Associations him to Tuskegee. held a conference in Brooklyn, New CBy a recent decision of the State De­ York. partment of Education of Texas, gradu­ C"Jupiter Hammon," by Oscar Wege- ates of the Tuskegee Normal and Indus­ lin, is the first account of the life of an trial Institute, who are citizens of Texas, American Negro poet, who wrote ten may receive permanent teachers' certifi­ years before Phyllis Wheatley, together cates in that State. with his writings. It is published by C Horace Talbert, for many years secre­ Heartman, New York City, and is uni­ tary of Wilberforce University, Ohio, form with his Phyllis Wheatley. has resigned. CWilliam Haines, a colored boy from Nashville, has been elected to the debat­ ing team of the University of Chicago. EDUCATION CWilliam Pickens has been installed as A TEACHERS' Institute was held in Dean of Morgan College, Baltimore, Prince George County, Maryland. Maryland. Dr. Lucy Moten, Principal of the Nor­ CThe colored people of Greensboro, mal School, Washington, D. C, made North Carolina, are making every effort an instructive address. to meet the-requirements which will en­ CDr. John Lovejoy Elliott of the Ethi­ able them to have a Carnegie Library. cal Culture Society was the principal speaker at one of a series of educational M meetings at St. Mark's Lyceum, New York City. ECONOMICS CA special session of the Domestic '"p HOMAS J. PILLOW is employed Science School conducted by The Senti­ as demonstrator by the Western nel, a white newspaper of Winston- Motor Car Company of Los Angeles, Salem, North Carolina, was held for the California. benefit of the colored school children. C Frank L. Gillespie has been placed in CThe colored teachers of Galveston, charge of a department for colored peo­ Texas, have held their first institute of ple which the Royal Life Insurance the year. "Reading" was the subject for Company of Chicago, Illinois, has lately discussion. established. CMiss Margaret Newlin of Philadel­ CThe Frederick Douglass Film Com­ phia, Pennsylvania, has made bequests pany has been organized in Jersey City, in her will to Hampton, Tuskegee, and New Jersey, by a number of colored to the William G. Edwards School at men. Snow Hill, Alabama. CThe Carnegie Library, just completed, CAt the annual farmers' conference and at Camden, South Carolina, was erected exhibit held recently at Hampton Insti­ by R. D. Belton & Son, colored con­ tute, visiting farmers and their wives tractors and builders. told how they had triumphed over eco­ CTwenty-three white men who worked nomic and social obstacles. in the block testing department of the 116 THE CRISIS

Continental Motor Works of Detroit, the State Conference for Social Welfare Michigan, went out on strike. They held in Marshall, Missouri. were discharged and colored men were ([Funeral services for Jack Dickerson, put in their places. janitor for twenty years of Trinity Col­ CFifty-five colored Americans replaced lege, Durham, North Carolina, were held aliens who were employed in building the in the college chapel. Two instructors State highway near San Juan, Cali­ and four students of this white school fornia. The aliens were discharged be­ acted as pall bearers. cause of protests from the labor unions. ([Dr. Mattie V. S. Lee of Washington, CMrs. Maude G. Hall of the Pictorial D. C, who died lately in Asheville, North Review staff, New York City, has se­ Carolina, had quite an extensive practice cured work from the embroidery depart­ in the capital city. ment of the magazine for several expert ([Judge Robert H. Terrell of Washing­ colored embroiderers and filet lace ton, D. C, is making a lecture tour makers. through Texas under the auspices of the (IThe Ashley and Bailey Silk Company Colored Women's Progressive Club. of Paterson, New Jersey, employs over ([Governor Willis of Ohio has ap­ four hundred colored boys and girls in pointed Thomas A. Goode of Columbus its mill in Fayetteville, North Carolin?. to the position of assistant Fire Marshall CThe Colored Wage Earners' Bank of in that state. Savannah, Georgia, erected a $40,000 ([Miss Anna Thankful Ballantine, long building last year and will make $7,000 matron of the girls at Fisk University, worth of improvements this year. It has is dead. a paid-up capital of $49,000 and totai ([Wilbur E. King has been appointed resources of $315,808. supervisor of the "loan shark" bureau of CPresident Wilson and his fiancee re­ the state banking department of Ohio. cently dined at Hill Top House near The salary is $2,500. Harper's Ferry, West Virginia. This house is owned and conducted by Thomas F. Lovett, a colored man. FOREIGN CSheperdsville, near Selma, Alabama, T N South Africa the colored vote was is owned by a colored fraternal organi­ cast almost unanimously for the zation. They hold 3,100 acres of land, Unionists Party which elected forty have three mills, fifty-three tenants and members as against twenty-seven Na­ received last year $1,907 in rents. tionalists and fifty-four followers of General Botha. This greatly encourages the colored people as the Nationalists are the Negro haters. PERSONAL ([The "Herald," a newspaper in the in­ TAMES MILTON TURNER, former terests of the colored people of the United States Minister to Liberia, Island, has been started in Christiansted, died in Ardmore, Oklahoma, where he St. Croix, Danish West Indies. D. had gone on business. Hamilton Jackson is the editor. ([Chaplain Carter, of the Tenth Cavalry, CThe new Haitian treaty, which ex­ has been transferred to the Ninth Cav­ tends United States control not only alry, and will accompany that regiment over financial but also over civil affairs to the Philippine Islands. Chaplain G. and which contains no guarantee of the W. Prioleau, of the Ninth, has been territorial or political integrity of the transferred to the Tenth Cavalry. Island, is now ready to be laid before ([Mary M. Randolph, a fifteen year old the United States Senate. colored girl of Los Angeles, California, devoted one hour a week of her last m summer's vacation to telling stories to GHETTO thirty-one little children near her home. T7URTHER report concerning the CMrs. Ida A. Walker, President of the Louisiana Republican Convention Missouri Federation of Colored Wom­ says that after assuring the colored dele­ en's Clubs was one of the speakers at gates that the Republican party would ALONG THE COLOR LINE 117

colored neighborhoods. A high wall or hedge will mark this line. The colored section will be enclosed on three sides. The Colored Board of Trade endorsed this measure. CColored people of New York are pro­ testing against the discrimination prac­ tised toward physicians of their race by the hospitals of the city. CI- S. Cousins sued the Clinchfield Lodge of the Brotherhood of Locomo­ tive Engineers of Erwin, Tennessee, for libel, because they charged he had Negro blood in his veins and persuaded the railroad officials on this account to give him a poor run. He won his suit. CSometime ago we noted the refusal of a white girls' club in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, to confirm the election of a colored girl, Mary E. Patillo, as a mem­ ber. The battle against the colored girl was led by two Jewish girls and despite the opposition of the Board of Advisors Miss Patillo was excluded. The Board of Advisors thereupon threatened to re­ sign and last month Miss Patillo was Copyright by Underwood and Underwood, N. Y. "enthusiastically elected a member." ADMIRAL CAPERTON CThe colored people of Galena, Kan­ SUDRE D'ARTIGUENAVE sas, have gone into court in order to re­ The southern white usurper in Haiti and the help­ sist the imposition of a "Jim-Crow" less colored President. school.

put no candidate in the field, the white M men went to a hotel to which Negroes CRIME are not admitted, and organized a com­ mittee to serve for four years. OFFICERS shot and jailed A. Scott of Texas City, Texas, who they CThe law of Arizona separates its colored and white school children. The claim was carrying a revolver. Scott colored schools are inferior in every re­ later died in a hospital. spect. CTroops had to be called out to stop an election fight at Charleston, South Caro­ CMinisters and other responsible citi­ lina, in which ballots were thrown out, zens of Atlanta, Georgia, held a meeting and one man killed. All concerned were to discuss ways and means to stop fur­ white. ther encroachment of Negroes into white neighborhoods. They decided the bound­ CLove Rudd, charged with robbery, was aries beyond which colored people may drowned by a mob at Clarksville, Mis­ not go, and voted to hold a conference souri. with prominent colored men about the CJohn Taylor, said to have fired at a situation. sheriff, was hanged by a mob at Aber­ CThe superintendent of the white high deen, Mississippi. school of Carlisle, Pennsylvania, refused CJerome Wilson, a Michigan colored to admit the son of Henry Young, be­ man, committed suicide because he cause he was a colored child. feared mob violence and an unfair judge. CThe City Council of Miami, Florida, CEllis Buckner was lynched at Hender­ has passed a law making a certain street son, Kentucky. He was accused of at­ the dividing line between white and tacking a white woman. MEN of the MONTH!

A PIANIST Monsieur Justin Elie was In Prussia he received a gold medal of born at Port-au-Prince, Haiti, the first class for art and science, pre­ September 1st, 1883. At the age of five viously awarded only to Humboldt, years he showed a passion for music. Spontini and Lizst. The Emperor of His parents took him to France and put Austria gave him the Grand Cross of the him in the celebrated institution at Order of Leopold. In Russia he was Sainte Croix. He was prepared for the equally honored. Indeed from 1852 Conservatory of Paris by the great until his death Aldridge was recognized pianist, Marmontel, and passed a bril­ in Europe as the first of living tragedi­ liant entrance examination in 1903. He ans, equalled only by the wonderful studied under De Beriot, Phillips, De Rachael. Wormser and De Pessard. He was He married a Swedish lady and had graduated in 1905 and has since been in two daughters both of whom have concert work in Paris and in the West achieved prominence in England in Indies. He has written several compo­ music. Aldrich died in Poland in 1866. sitions, notable among them is "Aphro­ dite." Monsieur Elie is expected in the United States soon. TWO James P. Johnson entered SERVANTS the dining car service of the m OF THE old Wagner Palace Car Com- A CLERGY- Pierre Emry Jones was born PUBLIC pany in 1889. When this MAN in Haiti in 1848 and was company was taken over by educated in the United the New York Central Railroad Mr. States. He was made a Deacon in the Johnson still remained at his work and Episcopal church in 1872 and returned is now one of the most celebrated of the to Haiti as a missionary under Bishop traveling chefs. There are thirty-seven Holly. dining cars East of Buffalo which come Since the death of Bishop Holly Mr. under the supervision of Mr. Johnson Jones has been President of the Episco­ and his assistant Mr. Edward Williams. pal convocation. Last year the Divinity With them is associated Mr. John School of the Protestant Episcopal Jones, dining car steward on the Twen­ Church in Philadelphia conferred upon tieth Century Limited. Mr. Jones has him the honorary degree of Doctor been with the Company twenty-four of Sacred Theology. years.

A GREAT Ira Aldridge was born in Mary- TWO Miss Bessie Glenn is the first ACTOR land in 1810. He was educated TEACHERS colored woman to be ap­ at Schenectady College and at pointed a teacher in the State Glasgow University in Scotland. Al­ institutions of Ohio. Miss Glenn holds though he was intended for the ministry a position at the Girls' Industrial School he turned to the stage and made his at Delaware, Ohio. debut at Royalty Theatre in London in Miss Wilhelmina B. Patterson is 1833. His success was immediate. Musical Director of the Prairie View Edward Kean played Iago to his Othello State Normal and Industrial School. and other actors and actresses vied in This year Miss Patterson conducted a honoring him. concert in the Legislative Hall at Austin, In 1852 he started for the continent. Texas, which was unusually successful, MEN OF THE MONTH 119

JAMES P. JOHNSON MISS BESSIE GLENN ROY W. TIBBS MISS WILHELMINA B. PATTERSON WILLIAM B. SCOTT JOHN JONES THOMAS B. MC KEEL 120 THE CRISIS and did much toward securing an appro­ more doctors show wonderful character priation of $259,000 for the school. studies of Jewish types. A spot of sun­ light falls upon the Christ figure and gives it an unusual effect of feeling. AN William Edward Scott has just ARTIST finished a fine set of mural dec­ Probably the next best panel in this orations at the new Burdsall room is Christ being blessed by Simon. section of the City Hospital in Indian­ In this picture Christ is shown in the apolis. arms of the old patriarch, and Mary and There are about twenty-two panels in Joseph standing near with a cage of this ward and they range in size from turtle doves which they have brought as five to forty feet wide and 300 figures an offering. The Christ figure was posed are used. About ten colored models by Weir Stewart, son of Dr. William were used. Weir Stewart, a colored man. Mary, the mother, was posed by Miss Martin, In the lobby the artist has used the be­ supervising nurse at the hospital. ginning, Adam and Eve being driven out of the Garden of Eden. Across from this In the corridors begins the preaching is represented Mary being told of the of Christ. First come two large panels coming of the Christ Child. On three representing "Suffer little children to narrow panels in the same room are rep­ come unto me," and "He that is without resented Moses, John and Paul. In the sin, let him cast the first stone." These main room are large panels representing two panels are each about thirty feet the boyhood of Christ, the Three Wise long and contain about forty figures. In Men (one of them black), and the Star this room overlooking the sun porch, are in the East, the nativity, Christ in the panels representing Zaccheus in the tree, arms of Simon, Christ in the carpenter Sermon on the Mount, Christ before shop, flight into Egypt and the largest Pilate, Christ as He appeared to Mary and probably the best, Christ in the tem­ after the crucifixion and Christ riding ple asking questions of the doctors. This into Jerusalem on the ass. These are all panel, notwithstanding the silvery gray large panels and carried out in the same tone, is rich in color and the thirty or color scheme as the others.

M. JUSTIN ELIE DR. P. E. JONES AND HIS SONS MEN OF THE MONTH 121

Up about fifteen feet from the floor in A GOOD Thomas B. McKeel was born the main room are two forty-foot panels CITIZEN in New York City in 1839 and representing the women of the Old and died in 1915. He went into the New testament. business in 1862 and in 1865 became a Scott has worked on this ward about clerk in the Freedmen Hospital, Savan­ five months and considers it the best bit nah, Georgia. Later he entered the fire of mural painting he has ever done. insurance business in New York City Mr. Scott was born in Indianapolis in and acted as agent for about forty years. 1884 and trained in the public schools He was especially well-known at St. and Chicago Art Institute. By the win­ Philip's P. E. Church. ning of prizes and saving he was enabled to study in Paris with Mr. Henry O. Tanner and others. He succeeded in having a picture "hung on the line" in A TEACHER Mr. Roy W. Tibbs, Pro- the great Paris spring Salon. This was OF MUSIC fessor of Pianoforte at purchased by the Argentine Republic. Howard University, is an He has since sold a number of pictures example of successful achievement, and taken prizes. He hopes to do for through hard work. He was born in the Negro in painting what Dunbar has Ohio, educated in Kentucky and at Fisk done in verse. University and Oberlin College. We may note in passing the rise of Mr. Tibbs trained and directed the W. M. Farrow'j another young colored chorus of two hundred voices which was artist who announces two excellent re­ so notable a feature of the Pageant re­ productions for sale. cently given in Washington, D. C.

An interesting picture of Ira Al- dridge, recently re­ produced in the In­ ternational Studio. He is represented with his friend Shevchenko the "Poet of the Uk­ raine." Opinions

BOOKER T. WASHINGTON

THE NORTHERN PRESS found in the sum of achievement and the Dr. WASHINGTON has often impulse for future progress which he been called the leader and the has left behind. Tuskegee and its representative of the Negro race in methods and ideals have affected the the Republic. He was a leader in a whole scheme and method of industrial qualified sense, since he devoted his education in this country. Created out life to directing the Negroes in what of a wilderness by Washington's own ef­ he believed to be the path of pro­ fort, solidly succeeding against every ob­ gress. But he was far from being stacle, conquering the approbation and their acknowledged leader. On the con­ support of a people who at first regarded trary, very many of them, and these the work with deep suspicion, and build­ among the more intellectual, did not ing a strong foundation of hopefulness share his ideas or accept his policy. Be­ and confidence for the structure of a sides these, there was a multitude of the whole people's future. . . . more ignorant who were quite unable to "Booker Washington came, to some understand either his motives or his extent, into conflict with certain of the methods, who thought him timid, and abler men of his own race, who thought even treacherous, to the race, as to some that he showed too much humility—that of whose wrongs he was, of set purpose he submitted too willingly to the sup­ and deliberately silent. It is obvious that pression of the Negro vote in the south­ this feeling among his fellow-Negroes ern states, and, by emphasizing the in­ was always a serious and painful ele­ dustrial side of the education that he ment in the work that Washington had supplied, consented to the relegation of set himself to do. It was all the more his race to an inferior position forever. so because he was himself, necessarily, There are some colored people today the victim in a thousand ways of the who believe that Washington helped to rooted prejudice of race, and had to bear condemn their race to a new slavery. daily 'the spurns that patient merit of The answer to this charge is that the the unworthy takes.'"—Times, New race which rises from slavery can rise York City. only by means of economic improvement "Booker T. Washington was a great or by revolution. It must march upon man by every account and along many the good ground of the well-ploughed lines—the leader of the Negro race field—either upon that or upon the field throughout the world ; a citizen of Amer­ of battle, where its own blood is shed for ica, who had promoted his country's victory over oppression. The upward greatness by raising toward fitness for path of the blood-stained field of revolu­ full citizenship and economic indepen­ tion is forever debarred to the American dence a people just emerged from slav­ Negro. There is no way for him ex­ ery ; a man whose influence was inspir­ cept the field of hard wrork, wise work, ing and helpful to the whole country. patient work, with constant improve­ That a man born a slave, turned out ment at every step, and the great pur­ upon the world when a child as an out­ pose of redemption in the breast of every cast, forced to gain his early education, black man and woman. Booker Wash­ a book in his hand at night while work­ ington knew that well, and proved his ing as a boy in a coal mine, should ac­ greatness by a life of consistent devo­ complish what Washington did and tion to the ideal."—Evening Transcript, reach the eminence he attained, is in it­ Boston, Mass. self a proof of the man's personal great­ ness. But the more cogent proof is "In Booker Washington the country OPINIONS 123 loses not only a leader, but one who was "Mr. Washington's task was difficult, in his person a real triumph of democ­ because conditions made it difficult."— racy Tribune, New York City. "He was not the standard-bearer of "Dr. Booker T. Washington's work a united race. It is a rare educational among the members of his race was leader who does not compromise on based on the belief that the Negro some questions, and in his peculiarly would win social and political advance­ trying position, where a single false ment only after he had achieved eco­ step might mean the ruining of his work nomic independence and stability. He —even the burning of his school—Dr. held that time was better spent in Washington did not speak out on the demonstrating the capacity of the black things which the intellectual men of the man in those callings that are now open race deemed of far greater moment than to him than in seeking opportunities in bricks and mortar, industrial education, fields where every factor was opposed or business leagues—the matter of their to him. social and political liberties. He was si­ "This policy brought Dr. Washington lent by choice in the face of many a cry­ into conflict with many other leaders of ing wrong and bitter injustice, and more the Negroes, but he maintained it from and more colored men came to resent it. the beginning of his work in Tuskegee. They would not have objected had he, He was not less concerned with the like other heads of schools, kept out of progress of the blacks in the United politics and assumed no leadership be­ States than were those with whom he yond that of the field of industrial train­ could not agree as to methods; their dis­ ing. But when they saw him, under pute was over the means to be used, not Taft and Roosevelt, a powerful political the end to be sought. His belief was factor in the White House; when they supported by the intelligent judgment of saw him in the attitude of a race leader thousands of citizens who saw in Tuske­ forever dwelling upon the bright side of gee a possible instrument for the solu­ the picture and having no words of fiery tion of a pressing problem."—Sun, New indignation for injustices that cry out to York City. high Heaven for redress, the unhappi- "The future is brighter because ness grew until men openly accused him Booker Washington lived. It is brighter of selling their birthright for a mess of because he was able to penetrate the en­ pottage."—Evening Post, Xew York circling blackness with a vision that City. brought him confidence and the will to "Booker T. Washington, who died conquer. His never failing optimism yesterday, will pass into history as the through forty years of contact with the ablest Negro leader of his generation. least promising condition in America Here in the United States the Negro could not die with him. That personal race has produced greater men than he— conviction of final success for his race, men of larger mould and more extra­ in harmony even with the 'white man's ordinary native genius. Frederick Doug­ civilization,' the more easily dominates lass was one. Born and brought up a other minds because he had held it so slave, the latter overcame even greater tenaciously. Despair knew him not in obstacles than Mr. Washington had to life, and in death his message will ever overcome in arising to leadership. Doug­ ring with the joy of struggle and the lass excelled as an orator. His appeal dauntless spirit of service."—Republi­ was to the emotions, to the sense of can, Springfield, Mass. justice of a ruling race which had put "He was a leader, great and inspired. shackles on the black man and had de­ White and black alike will, in the day nied him the ordinary rights of a human of calm and fair judgment, count him being. He pleaded for emancipation, be­ among the prophets of his time. His lieving that the Negro's future here greatness was that of a great purpose." would be assured once he had the chance —Register, New Haven, Conn. to be his own master, to acquire educa­ "Any one who has studied the history tion and property and to sell his labor of the colored people for the past fifty in an open market. years will realize that the race has in 124 THE CRISIS store for it a development that cannot women, who, born here, reared here, be retarded by the death of one leader, educated here, are turned loose to find no matter how great his influence. the doors of opportunity closed to them "No students of history, certainly no as if by constitutional mandate?"— ethnologists, longer assert that the col­ Traveler and Evening Herald, Boston, ored race is incapable of achievement. Mass. The recent discoveries of the free cities "Near the beginning of his career in it established in early times in Africa, the White House President Roosevelt in­ the achievements of its forerunners, the vited Booker Washington to dine with Egyptians, its remarkable evolution in him. The South broke into fury. Its eastern Asia and middle Africa in me­ Republican congressmen, few and far diaeval times, have been studied in re­ between, were put to it to account for cent years to the justification of modern the episode. Linny, of North Carolina, efforts by the race. explained to his confiding constituents that when the noon hour came Roosevelt "Everything about the black man's looked up to say: 'Aren't you hungry, past goes to show that, until the blight Booker? Of course you are. Here, of slavery was put upon him by peoples Mandy, go and get Booker something to who had a better running start toward eat; give it to him out there with you; power, his history was honorable, there now, Booker, you'll feel better.' though, because of climatic conditions, it did not follow the lines of the northern "Democratic congressmen took the op­ races. The colored man in America, with posite tack. They exaggerated the epi­ the help of such institutions as Tuskegee, sode. Alabama elected Heflin to Con­ has shown himself capable of advance­ gress after declaring that he wished the ment, and the advancement has largely same man who had assassinated Mc- been accomplished through efforts of Kinley had been there to throw a bomb men like Washington, DuBois and others under the table. . . . of the race."—Press, New York, and "The South won, in the controversy, Washington (D. C.) Times. to this extent: Roosevelt never invited Booker Washington to dine with him "Dr. Washington was a wiser leader again, nor did Taft or President Wilson than those impetuous souls who de­ ever proffer similar hospitalities. It is manded for the Negro at once every po­ doubtful if in the near future any Presi­ litical right and cultural opportunity. dent risks the favor of the South by The Negro is on the soil. He is in the doing so. As a nation, we enforce the South. His surest, shortest road to an most serious race proscription in the assured road is efficiency. Dr. Washing­ world."—Herald, Boston, Mass. ton was far-seeing in his desire to work in harmony with white men of his sec­ "To wage a militant campaign for the tion. It is to the credit of the whites rights of the Negro, as Mr. DuBois is that they were so ready to work with doing, appeals to the sympathies. But him."—World, New York City. we believe that the verdict of time will give to Dr. Washington the palm for the "The death of Booker T. Washington greater accomplishment in seeking con­ should recall every square-toed Ameri­ ciliation rather than the deepening of can citizen to the fact that, sooner or hatreds, in bearing wrongs with infinite later, in the North, in New England and patience instead of breaking out in revolt in Massachusetts, we must face man­ against them, and in making his people fully, and in justice to both races and to intrinsically worthy of the things denied the cause of humanity, a problem which them."—Evening Post, Chicago, 111. we have been cruelly and cowardly dodg­ "He held that the present duty of all ing. Negroes is to improve their economic "Fair words about the 'great American position by thrift and industry and build melting pot,' as wc welcome to our ports up a reputation as law-abiding citizens, all sorts and conditions of men, are all leaving political problems to be settled very fine, but what are we going to do later. For this he was bitterly attacked about the boys and girls, the men and by the more impatient leaders of his own OPINIONS 125

race; but the chances are heavy that the whites for their refusal to recognize him. cool judgment of Washington will be Race pride protested against Jim Crow found a better guide than the impas­ cars, segregation in theatres, restrictions sioned eloquence of DuBois."—Evening in residence. Journal, Chicago, 111. "This is precisely the kind of work Dr. "Estimated in gross, it may be that the Washington did not do. He seldom influence of this son of a slave woman scolded the whites, and took his rebuffs and an unknown father has been the with philosophy. Instead of calling upon greatest of all American forces for pro­ the colored men to assert their rights, he gress in our generation. The computation set out to eradicate those Negro char­ is beyond finite minds. Only the Su­ acteristics which made it impossible for preme Judge can know the answer to the Negroes to achieve rights."—Tribune, question. But at least we mortals can Chicago, 111. bid farewell to the departed man with "Booker Washington was a black, deep respect and an acknowledgement of thick-lipped, ungainly specimen, born in his to us unmeasurable value to our slavery without a knowledge of his time."—Free Press, Detroit, Mich. father or his birth date. That is the pic­ "Since the ending of slavery, two ture of a real Negro. . . . really strong men of Negro blood stand "He plodded along, pulling his race out. Not that the race has produced but with him, looking after the needs of the two men of marked ability, but those most lowly in a moral and intellectual who have places fixed in history are way, demonstrating to the Negro that he Frederick Douglass and Booker T. could never be anything else but a Negro, Washington. The former performed a that there was really no place worthy his great service for his people in settling effort in the political life of this nation their political and civil status in the for­ to which he could reasonably aspire as a mative period following emancipation. race for generations to come."—Record, "Fully as commanding a figure is Long Branch, N. J. Booker Washington, though he address­ ed himself to a different problem—the economic and social uplift of his race."— THE SOUTH Bee, Omaha, Neb. THE death of Booker T. Wash- ington is a national misfortune, THE COPPER HEAD PRESS for his life was a national benefaction. ttTTIS success in keeping clear of po- He stood head and shoulders above any litical pitfalls was remarkable. man of his race, and his towering figure Only once did he make a misstep in that for more than a generation was as a direction. On that occasion he accepted pillar of fire to light his people out of an invitation to lunch at the White the darkness of ignorance, indolence and House, extended to him by President error. He was the Negro's wisest, brav­ Roosevelt. Because that incident aroused est teacher and leader. He saw, as none feeling against him in the South, it was more clearly, the black man's shortcom­ a mistake to give the invitation and a ings and possibilities, his need and his mistake to accept it. No intelligent hope. He devoted his life—every day of American could have failed to enjoy a it, every energy of it—to bringing the talk with Booker T. Washington, but in­ descendants of the slaves to see these vitations to 'break bread' in the White things as he saw them, to setting their House carry with them what is called feet upon the one path that opens their social recognition. It was unfortunate way to real freedom, material independ­ to have that question raised in the case ence, respected and self-respecting citi­ of a man of such intellectual distinction zenship. His work, great in its purpose, as Mr. Washington and carrying such great in its results, was monumental. important responsibilities as he had as­ Now that he has laid it down may there sumed."—Post, Hartford, Conn. be others as able, as devoted, to take it "The temptation to those interested in up. But where are they?"—Louisville benefiting the Negro was to scold the (Ky.) Courier Journal. 126 THE CRISIS

"At Tuskegee he merely taught the not saying that either they or he was Xegro to help himself, to be more valu­ wrong, that only the future can tell, but able as an artisan, a servant, a laborer. the course taken was the natural one, the To fit him for this he readily obtained line of least resistance. It may be best funds from southern white men. That for all concerned that the process go he told the less sincere sources of income on."—Columbia (^S. C.) State. in the Xortli that he was making doctors "He was a great man. Xot great in and lawyers and great intellects in Tus­ a comparative sense or in that narrow kegee was thoroughly understood in the judgment which merely records him as South and not criticized. Washington one who achieved well considering the was practical; he knew diat to reach the circumstances that he was a Xegro, but pocketbooks of people who were not in­ regardless of all limitations. His career timately acquainted with the Xegro and must stand as an ample answer to the his problems and his tremendous needs theory that the X'egro is not capable of he must appeal to their imaginations. high intellectual and spiritual develop­ So he did. This was misunderstood in ment, because he blazed his own way to the South for only a little while. In­ usefulness and fame. . . . vestigation of what was going on at Tus­ "The southern white people are ulti­ kegee ironed out all misapprehension."— mately to have as their neighbors many Macon (Ga.) Telegraph. millions of black people ignorant, im­ "But there is a second kind of limita­ moral, criminal, inefficient, filthy, dis­ tion from which the three groups of the eased and hopeless or they are going to disadvantaged suffer, the limitations of have as their neighbors a Xegro race an inner kind, resulting from a spirit that is intelligent, virtuous, efficient, that is less than free. To the breaking honest, patriotic, friendly. Intelligent of the bonds diat lay about the spirits of men and women know diat the South his people rather than those that tied needs the latter. Washington strove for their feet. Booker T. Washington gave the better choice and he has blazed the his life. Themselves, he would have way diat the leaders of his race will break the bonds of sloth, of fear, of surely follow with patience, earnestness ignorance, of appetite. and determination."—Houston (Tex.) "If he seemed to underemphasize the Post. difficulties growing out of external poli­ "He worked out a set of ideals for his tical and social restriction, it was rather people, and to a remarkable extent made due to his unceasing cry that the king­ them follow those ideals. dom of power and wealth and dignity "He gave them what they needed. He can rest finally only on spiritual achieve­ told them the truth about themselves, ment, self-control, foresight, thrift, the even while he recognized dieir higher practice of the common virtues. Xo aspirations. He kept them from the spe­ breaking of the outer bond can alone cious lure of the 'white man's culture' free the spiritual slave."—A Kentucky and the petty and irritating demand for White Woman in The Survey. 'social equality.' He bade them develop "The North has been misrepresented their own capabilities. His theorv was by a small class of fanatical and imprac­ that the Xegro should make himself the ticable doctrinaires. Its supposed his­ best and finest possible X'egro. instead of toric attitude toward the Xegro race is trying to make himself an imitation a lie—not a conscious lie reduced to the white man. And in that doctrine, and terms of an equation, but a lie neverthe­ its successful preaching, lay another tri­ less. This Booker Washington had the umph of democracy."—Tulsa (Okla.) wit to percieve and he turned it hand­ Democrat. somely to the account of his people in "During the period of his leadership the South. Wealthy northerners saw. in his efforts to create a place in the or thought they saw, the expediency of world for his people, the race has made localizing the X'egro problem. Washing­ wonderful strides. The South, no less ton was a handy and a willing instru­ than any other part of the nation, recog­ ment to carry out their plans. We are nizes and appreciates this. The thou- OPINIONS 127 sands of people of the South who ac­ obtained. We will have the evidence cepted him as their premier will be better presently and will be able to arrive at for Washington's great ability."—Jack­ just judgment and accurate conclusions. sonville (Fla.) Metropolis. We confess to having fell always a little "The writer recalls hearing a distin­ doubt, hardly strong enough to be de­ guished North Carolina leader, Mr. scribed as distrust, of the practical re­ Waddell, of Wilmington, express to sults of the Tuskegee School."—Rich­ Washington in The Advertiser office at mond (Va.) Journal. Montgomery, the sense of obligation of "If Washington ever had any ideas of the white people of his city because he race equality, he never showed it or had cancelled an engagement to lecture uttered it. lie wanted his people to take there on a date immediately following help from their white neighbors and to the unfortunate race riot there about live well the parts of humble citizens. 1900. That decision was real statesman­ But he wanted them to live unto them­ ship on the part of Washington, and it selves and he had no mistaken ideas was just such sympathy and sagacity, about amalgamation of the two races, constantly exercized in matters large and the superior and the inferior. Only one small, that gave him the unstinted con­ act in all his life, so far as ever became fidence of leading southern men."—Bir­ generally known, contradicted this idea mingham (AJa.) News. —that was when he ate dinner as a guest of Col. Roosevelt. And in all the con­ "Some Negroes and some northern troversy and criticism that followed that white men thought him too subservient incident, Washington, so far as ever to the opinion of the white South ; some reached the general public, never had white men in the South thought he had one word to say in defense of the in­ too lofty ambitions for his race; some cident or of criticism of the critics."—• regarded him as a chameleon—proclaim­ Denton (Tex.) Record Chronicle. ing one race law South of the Potomac and another to the North. Sometimes, " 'He was a good Negro.' Thus will as in the famous Roosevelt episode, Alabama and Tuskegee, the little capital Washington gave ground for criticism; of Macon county, sum up their opinion at other times and in most things, he of the Negro educator who died Sunday. went his way cautiously, conscious of his "Washington did much for the uplift responsibilities and aware of the in­ of his race and, by so doing, much for fluence of his example. the benefit of the white people in his "It is not probable that history will section of the South. Those who knew pass a unanimous verdict on him. him best know that he was an unobtru­ Opinion will probably remain divided. sive personality. Working in a com­ But the romance of his rise from slavery, munity traditionally ultra-southern, he the success of his efforts and his indis­ kept his place as a Negro. Tuskegee putable ability will give him a place Institute, just beyond the corporate among the most remarkable men his race limits of the tiny town from which it has produced."—Richmond (Va.) News took its name, is as large as the town Leader. itself, and its population about on a numerical par; but if Washington vain- "Booker Washington's account is gloried in his achievements he kept the closed. Many things have been said for emotion locked in his heart. On the and against him. Some people in this streets of Tuskegee, whether walking or country had faith in him that was almost driving behind his team of two beautiful fanatical, and lavished on him admira­ bays, he represented to Tuskegee people tion and praise rather distasteful to those 'a good Negro'—nothing less, nothing with whom the color line is an instinct more."—Oklahoma City (Okla.) Okla­ and to whom the observance of it is homa. almost a religion. Others regarded him as a bad and dangerous man. Some of The official statement of the governor his own color thought he was on the of Alabama says: wrong line and was failing to give ser­ "In the death of Booker T. Washing­ vice for the large amounts of money he ton the colored race has lost its greatest 128 THE CRISIS leader. He was a man of unusual force ly about who among us shall be chief. and executive ability, and in many re­ By some of the bishops we hear the cry spects rose above the environment oi of 'sectionalism' and 'politics' raised. race. In my opinion, his efforts toward But if the cry of sectionalism has been the development of his people have been raised, and political methods pursued to of great benefit to them and to the entire place men in the Bishopric, we should South. Born a slave, living a life of not be surprised to find them resorting earnest endeavor, and at his death the to the unworthy methods by which they chief executive of an institution of na­ attained their high position." tion-wide reputation created by his own Persons who wonder at the "conver­ brain and energy, demonstrates to the sion" of the northern press to southern world the unbounded possibilities open ideals, should read and reflect upon this to those whose purpose is to accomplish extract from the Tampa, Fla. Times. something, and marks him as one of the "Hurrah for the Dixie highway!" able men of his time." "Under this caption the Chicago Her­ ald, published by James Keeley, presents M a leading editorial in which a beautiful, MISCELLANEOUS truth-giving tribute is paid the South WE trust that the members of the and southern people. * * African M. E. Church are going "The Herald editorial contrasts so to read with deep thought .the leading greatly with the venemous attacks on the editorial of Editor R. C. Ransom, in the South and southerners by the Chicago October number of the A. M. E. Church Tribune in its rabid discussion of the Review. We quote a single paragraph: lynching of Leo Frank that the Times "Petty chiefs, struggling for the reprints it in full and urges all Flori- ascendency in Mexico and Haiti have dians to read it and then thank the editor brought anarchy and bankruptcy, with for his display of fairmindedness. Mr. their attendant ills, to these two unhappy Keeley, who was an editor of the Mem­ republics. Are we to round out a cen­ phis Commercial Appeal before he be­ tury of denominational life by Mexican- gan his career in Chicago, knows the izing or Haitianizing the A. M. E. South and southern people, and there­ Church? Certainly the stage is well pre­ fore respects their traditions." pared for the enactment of such a trag­ The Lagos Standard, published in edy. The principals are preparing their Sierre Leone, West Africa, quotes and roles, and many actors are ready to step strongly commends the "Immediate Pro­ from behind the scenes even before the gram for American Negroes," delivered curtain rises on the next General Con­ before the last annual meeting of the ference. Shall the A. M. E. Church go N. A. A. C. P. the way of the Black Republic of Haiti, "The program as we have before said and thus give added evidence to the wide is not only for the American Negro but belief that the Negro is incapable of self- for the African Negro as well. It will government in church as well as in serve the purposes, aims and aspirations state ? Office, honor, authority, power; of the race in this part of the world to to attain these things strong men both in such a marked degree producing at the Mexico and Haiti have sacrificed their same time such appreciative results, as country upon the altar of their personal will bring the race to inter-racial recog­ ambitions. At bottom it is just this sort nition on all lines." of thing that is transpiring in the A. M. What is the cause of the unrest in E. Church. There is no question of di­ India? S. R. Wagel thus explains it in vision among us on doctrine, on the best the New York Times: methods of propagating the work of "It is unfortunate that throughout the education, or missions, or over the world the nature of the British connec­ grave moral, social and political ques­ tion with India has been misrepresented; tions of the times. There is nothing and well-meaning neutrals have been about great constructive movements for made to believe that Indians are guilty the social, moral and spiritual advance­ of unpardonable ingratitude in even ment of the people. No; it is principal­ thinking ill of Great Britain, which has OPINIONS 129 done 'so much' for India. It is this namely, that the Negro when educated false idea that obscures the whole situ­ loses his usefulness. With few excep­ ation ; and appearances have been also tions, the educated Negro is the one in favor of the belief that the people of whose standards of living have been ma­ India are grateful to British rule. terially improved and are comparatively "At the same time there is no denying high, the one who knows how to live in even on the authority of British wit­ the most hygienic manner, and the one nesses, that there is serious unrest in who is not a breaker of the laws and a the country. The causes of the unrest resident of our jails and penitentiaries, are more fundamental than Mr. Dulles but in most instances is a good citizen. believes they are, and are more economic "It is important, therefore, that health and political than social. It is no use departments and health officials as well forgetting the fact that the British are as the social workers in this state, meet in India, and are going to remain there the problem of increasing sickness and as long as they are strong enough to death among the members of this race maintain dteir authority. It is also plain and deal with it in a manner which is in that the British hold the country pri­ every sense in accord with the well rec­ marily for their own benefit and pres­ ognized principles of sanitary and social tige, and it is but natural that such science." should be the case. Knowing full well William H. Chenery, who conducts a the nature of international morals In­ column in the Chicago Herald, has this dians are not so devoid of sense as to story: whine and complain when they are "A football player from one of the aware of the fact that only strength on local high schools, a southern boy, as their part, or want of strength on the it happens, told the story. part of the British, alone could give " T had a funny experience last them the kind of freedom necessary for Saturday,' he said. T was running down their getting on in the world. the field on the kick-off when I saw a "But the British are pursuing a very colored fellow. He plays half back on immoral course when they assume, or the High School and he's good. It pretend to have, a moral sanction to was my business to put him out. I hit their position in India, and blackguard him squarely with my shoulder and the people of India to justify their rule bowled him over. and its continuance. It is very often " 'The ball was downed a few feet stated that the people of India are not away and I stood there, near the fellow. fitted for self-government and will not I laughed and said to him, I got you be fit for hundreds of years to come. that time. He didn't say anything, but History teaches that no nation was ever when he got up he held his hands over fitted for self-government before it ob­ his head. He thought I was going to hit tained it. A nation fits itself for self- him.' government by various and arduous " 'Gee, it must be tough to be always steps, under the kindly guidance of the expecting somebody to have it in for men in authority. Education is made you!' free and all steps are taken to make the "In that small incident is a miniature common people as enlightened as pos­ of the routine meaning of race preju­ sible." dice. The white player had no intention The December, 1914, Monthly Bulle­ of 'being dirty,' but the colored boy had tin of the Ohio State Board of Health no assurance that he was safe. Even in says: a game he thought at least that he had to "It is very evident, therefore, that in be on guard, that everybody might 'have addition to providing better housing con­ it in for him.' For his own part, he was ditions for our Negro population, it is square—his white opponents testify to necessary to revolutionize in a way the that. But always he must pay a penalty social and economic standards of this to blind dislike. In that slow process is race. The best general remedy to apply the tragedy, vastly more wearing, than is education. We have no sympathy are the violent outbreaks of racial feel­ with the prevailing opinion of the South, ings." MAJOR CHARLES YOUNG, U. S. A.

Born in Kentucky 1868. Educated in the public schools of Ohio. Graduated from West Point 1889. Has served in the 7th, 9th and 10th Cavalry and 25th Infantry of the United States Army. Was a Major in the Spanish War, Superintendent of the Sequoia and Grant National Parks of California, and has seen military service in Haiti, the Philippines and Liberia. He has been suddenly recalled from Liberia and may take command of the new Constabulary in Haiti. MAJOR ROBERT RUSSA MOTEN

Born in Virginia in 1867. Graduated from Hampton Insti­ tute in 1890. Has served for twenty-five years as Commandant of Cadets at Hampton Institute and has spoken for Hampton and led its singers all over the United States. He is Secretary of the Jeanes Fund, President of the Negro Organization Society of Virginia, and has written the story of his life for the World's Work. Mr. Moten will probably succeed Booker T. Washington as Principal of Tuskegee. Editorial

THE NEW YEAR LAZY LABOR

NEW Year, Comrades! 'OR bull-headed inability Come, let us sit here Ito reason, commend us high in the Hills of |to Mr. John A. Todd, Life and take counsel B.L., who has recently one with another. How i published "The World's goes the battle there Cotton Crops." He says: below, down where dark waters foam, "But even if the boll weevil were extinct to­ and dun dust fills the nostrils and the morrow, the increase of the American cotton hurry and sweat of human kind is every­ area would still be hindered by another diffi­ culty; namely, the lack of sufficient labor. where ? Evil, evil, ves, I know. Yonder Cotton has always been regarded as a cheap- is murder: so thick is the air with blood labor crop, that is to say, a crop that can only and groans that our pulses no longer be profitably cultivated where there is an quicken, our eyes and ears are dull. ample supply of cheap labor. Such a supply Here, to home-wards, is breathless gain of labor was obtained in the United States and gambling and the steady, unchecked, by the introduction of the slaves, who, though neither very industrious nor efficient, could be almost unnoticed growth of human hate. trained to the necessary processes of cultiva­ What then, Comrades? Shall we give tion and picking. Indeed, it is admitted that a good Negro is the best cotton cultivator, up ? Shall we hold our hands and voices, if he can be persuaded to do his best. But shall we cease complaint? Shall we since the liberation of the slaves, good Ne­ forego striving, shall we bury hope ? groes have become almost the exception; the average 'nigger' has an incurable aversion to Never! Such is the way of weaklings steady and especially prolonged labor. Two and cowards. Up! Look! See the or three days' labor will earn a wage suffi­ faint flamings to northwards, hear the cient to keep him for a week, and that is all faint voices in the East, and the song he wants. Nothing will persuade him to work six days a week, let alone seven, even in the that sings in the West, swelling softly busiest part of the picking season, when, above the sigh. Courage then and grim owing to the uncertainty of the weather, a content. What more can true men ask day's delay may mean irreparable damage to than God's alembic, Time? Behold this his crop. No matter what happens, he must greatest of Christmas gifts—A New have his Saturday off to go to town and buy Year: A clean, white sheet of Life, the 'rations' and spend his week's wage. Even when the land and crop are his own, be seems rugged swell of endless earth, the great, to have no desire to make more money than swift curve of sky; and all within the is sufficient to keep him, and is quite content unshaken Will to be, the unfaltering to remain a day-laborer all his life, when a Dream to do—what more shall we ask, few years of steady hard work and careful Comrades, what more was ever asked bv saving would put him in a position of inde­ men ? pendence, from which he might easily rise to comparative affluence. The scarcity of labor EDITORIAL 133 has only resulted in raising the general level the Civil War Cotton Revenue Tax of wages, and enabling the Negro to adopt a Claimants of Sixty-Eight Million Dol­ higher standard of living, and copy the luxu­ lars." The Secretary of the Treasury ries of the white man. A horse and saddle to ride to town with on Saturdays, expensive said last month: "There is no fund of clothes, and the best brown boots that money $68,000,000, or any other sum in the can buy, gold-filled teeth, and gramophones, treasury of the United Slates for former are his idea of life. The contrast between all slaves or their heirs, or for any other this and the position of the Egyptian fellah, persons who worked in the cotton fields with his unlimited capacity for patient plod­ of the South." ding work from morning to night, for almost seven days a week, and from one year's end This, however, does not worry that to another, on a wage of less than a quarter "Attorney of Record" who lightly says of that of the American Negro, which yet that even if the money is not there his enables him to maintain a standard of living organization proposes to claim it. Of that makes him the healthiest and the strong­ est agricultural laborer in the world,.is pain­ course, he can claim it and anybody else ful in the extreme." can claim it and they may also claim the It occurs to us to make two comments: moon but the chance of getting the one First, if this kind of "laziness" has suc­ is about as great as that of getting the ceeded in raising the rate of wages and other. We trust that few colored people the standard of living of black men we are going to be beguiled into throwing strongly recommend more laziness of the away their money in such a quest. same kind. Secondly, we wish to call to Mr. Todd's mind the fact that not only SSl has this lazy laborer bought "brown Editorial from Le Nouvelliste, Port-Au- boots" and "gramophones" but also, ac­ Prince, Haiti. cording to the census of 1910, 218,972 HE American eagle is of these families representing over a spreading its wings million people have also bought land. more and more upon This land has increased from 6,000,000 our territory. The acres in 1880 to 8,000,000 in 1890; 12,- events of yesterday 000,000 in 1900, and 20,000,000 in 1910, were a living expres­ or a realm as large as Ireland. We have, sion of the clearly outlined and executed we assure Mr. Todd, deep sympathy purpose of the Star-Spangled Republic with the patient plodding Egyptian in disembarking its troops. fellah but we hope to high Heaven that "While putting into effect the plan he will soon get "lazy" enough to raise long delayed, the northern republic his wage to some dim resemblance of seems to say to the world that she is decency. re-establishing order and peace and, to us Haitians especially, that we have no THE LATEST CRAZE reason at all for anxiety. But how can KLAHOMA seems to be we lend an ear to such declarations when a natural hunting ground the American occupation, in the more for those persons, white than suggestive form adopted yesterday, and black, who wish to is not only an annexation, not even a mislead the colored peo­ protectorate, but rather a frank attempt ple. Yesterday it was at colonization, if we call things by their Chief Sam and his West African Migra­ names, without ambiguity and without tion. Today it is the "Chief Counsel for euphemisms. 134 THE CRISIS

Copyright by Underwood and Underwood, N. Y. OUR CHRISTMAS GREETING TO HAITI: "PEACE ON EARTH, GOOD WILL TOWARD MEN"

"By the will of Rear Admiral Caper- "What is happening now in this ton there are in the capital of Haiti, a hemisphere and in our own country? military controller and an officer in With the rapidity of action which char­ charge of the civil departments. By acterizes the Germanic peoples, the Ger­ what means can we reconcile all this man Legation sent an energetic protest with the essential attributes of an inde­ in answer to the circular of the Ameri­ pendent nation ? can Legation giving notice of the politi­ "The United States of America have cal measures taken upon our territory. for some time been introducing astonish­ "The German Legation invokes the ing and strange innovations in interna­ law of nations against this procedure tional law. Certain it is that our great unknown to international custom and northern neighbor has international law­ employed by the guardian of law and yers of ability, and it is to their authority justice in America." that we refer in order to determine in their own light the acts which are now OUR POLICY being put into effect by the American J^n^Jg PERSONS who send us officers in our country. clipping contributions "And these things are seen while and pictures often as­ nearly the whole world is enflamed for sume or seem to assume the maintenance of the principles safe­ that the acceptance or guarding the weak peoples : respect for rejection of articles is Belgian territory and the non-enslaving purely a personal matter between them of the Serbian people. Nobody wants to and the editor. They forget the Third take the responsibility for such aggres­ Person, the Reader. Now, the editor sion^—neither those who needed war nor may to a vast extent educate the Reader, those who profit by it. he may inform and lead him; he may EDITORIAL 135 even to some extent debauch, force and make the magazine popular, and on the cajole him, but in the long run the other hand make it a real force for edu­ Reader is the ruler. He is the one who cation and uplift—this is no easy task decides what the magazine will print and and calls for unusual ability and clair­ what it must reject. Before him the voyance if it is well done. Editor stands more often as servant than When, therefore, THE CRISIS stoops as master. He may in time gain in­ for popularity by blazing pictures and fluence and ascendency but he must al­ covers and "light" stories remember that ways serve to a large extent his readers' the Ladies Llomc Journal and McClurcs tastes.. and similar publications got their circu­ Now comes a manuscript. Four ques­ lation in just that way, and THE CRISIS tions may be asked: must have circulation. If on the other 1. Does the writer deserve credit for hand THE CRISIS preaches and com­ producing it? plains ad nauseam, remember that this is 2. Does the editor like it? not a mere magazine—it is a magazine 3. Will the readers like it ? with a purpose. 4. Ought the readers to like it? Number one must be ruled out im­ A SUGGESTION mediately. The editor if he has time SIMPLE and feasible and secretaries enough may commend memorial to Booker T. the writer for his efforts and promise, Washington may be but these are not reasons for publishing contributed by the col­ the manuscript. ored people alone. If the editor likes the manuscript this As we said in our last is not sufficient reason for publishing it. number the mortgage on the Frederick He must ask : Will the readers like it? If Douglass Home, near Washington, D. the answer is "yes"—the manuscript is C, must be raised. Mr. Washington accepted; if it is "no"—then there comes was interested in this project and helped the greater and more difficult question: raise a part of the mortgage. Could not How far is this something which the his colored friends and admirers raise readers ought to read despite their likes? the rest and present it to the Douglass How far is it something that they should Home as a Booker Washington Memo­ be educated up to or become intelligent rial Fund? about or aroused over? How far will publication now and in this form induce them to read what they are not willing ([Mr. Bell, a colored teacher in one of to read? the city schools in New Orleans, recent­ ly received the following note: All these are serious questions. The "Say, Mr. Nigger, you must move at editor who insists continually on publish­ once or we will burn you out. ing what he likes and what his readers "Tired having Niggers acting like •do not like will eventually ruin his maga­ white people, living in fine houses and zine. The editor who merely caters to singing and playing the piano. Last warning. Give you one month to move his readers present tastes will miss his out. Move across the street in those greatest possible service if he does not small houses suited for Niggers. sink to positive dissemination of evil. "Com. of White Men." To preserve that balance of judgment Afterward Mr. Bell's house "caught" and foresight on the one hand which will fire. "AUNT BET

T T was just about the end of the Civil how she would do it. First, the hand *• War when she came to us. Grand­ under the apron—and such an apron— father seemed to have a knack of pick­ like the apparel of Robin Hood's palmer, ing up the most efficient help in the most "patched both beneath and above," but unexpected ways. I believe he was on never, oh! never, other than spotlessly his way to the bank, when his attention clean; then the bobbing of the bandanna was attracted by a beady-eyed, agile head, the deft opening of the oven door; little woman hurrying across the avenue a triumphant flourish, and with "a final with a bandanna bundle poised easily satisfactory, "Dah, now!" the coveted upon her head. prize was turned out upon the shining The chef had just asked for another table. assistant as the old one was getting too We knew we should each get a gener­ slow. Perhaps—well, just how the bar­ ous slice ; but, oh ! the delicious thrills of gain was struck I do not now recall, but half-fear that accompanied its final cap­ from that day until her death, a few ture. Sometimes she accompanied her months ago, she was a member of our "Get out a-heah, you pesterin' little rap­ family. How old she was we could only scallions !" with a wild flourish of her guess, as she persisted in being "half-a- glittering carving knife! Ah, was ever hundred'' until the day of her death, and corn bread so delicious! her appearance afforded no clue to the Then, too, there was her garden. mystery. To me she seemed never to Everyone knew who'd have the first peas have been any more or any less and I in the neighborhood. Not that Aunt Bet never had the temerity to question her ever went out to see. It was her boast too closely upon the subject. In fact, I to the day of her death that she "never never wholly recovered from my earliest had nothin' to do with no nigger" (she recollections of this little ebony autocrat was just sunburned), and as she '"spized of the kitchen. white folks," it is not hard to believe that I remember so well the picture she she never ventured outside the front gate made in the old whitewashed summer- except on the rarest occasions, when kitchen of our country home, where she there was absolutely nobody else to go held sway during the slack season at the to the corner for groceries. hotel. Irresistibly drawn byr the seduc­ Her "people," her chickens (she al­ tive odor of browning corn bread, one ways had a "Thomas Jefferson" and little face after the other, wistful, pi­ "Mirandy" on the roosts), her two quant, or bold, according to the disposi­ ancient revolvers, relics of her war ex­ tion of the owner, would peer in through periences, each one glorying in a mighty the open door, each with its eyes fast­ name—and last but not least, "Old Tom" ened on the ostentatiously busy little —but if I should tell you of these, I body at the oven door. We knew just should write a book.

SEBASTIAN GOMEZ

By AUTHUR A. SCHOMBURG

A MONG the great painters who have school of painting, in his "History of achieved honor and recognition by Granada" (1846). Sebastian Gomez their talents the least has been said of was a pupil here with Alonzo Mena, Sebastian Gomez of the city of Sevilla Geronimo Cieza, S. H. Barnuevo, Pedro in Spain. M. L. Alcantara mentions the A. Bocanegra, Jose Risueno, Ambrosio famous school of Alonso Cano of the Martinez and Juan Nino de Guevara, XVII century, the father of Granada's who contributed notable canvases to THE "JIM-CROW" CAR 137 adorn the church edifices and private lieved that he outlived his master and residences of Granada. died in the city of Sevilla." It is to be regretted that the early life The city of Sevilla is remarkable for of Sebastian Gomez is shrouded in mys­ having as early as 1360 a Chapel for tery because of the odious curse of slav­ Negroes, which was founded by Arch­ ery, that repressive institution which has bishop Gonzalo dc Mena, who died in killed the noblest aspirations of so many. the year 1401. The Chapel was known Some further information may, however, as "Our Lady of the Angels," with a be found in the Historical Dictionary of brotherhood. When their benefactor the most illustrious professors of Belles- died the Negroes in a body, as a mark Arts in Spain, written by Juan Cean of respect, followed the funeral cortege Bermudez and published by the Royal to the Monastry of Cartuja in the ma­ Academy of San Fernando, Madrid, jestic Sierra Nevada Mountains. (An- 1800, in six volumes: ales Eclesiasticos y Seculares etc., Ortiz de Zuniga, Madrid, 1677.) "Sebastian Gomez, called the Mulatto Gomez' master, Bartolome Esteban of Murillo, was a Spanish painter." He Murillo, was one of Sevilla's most cher­ was a "slave of that gTeat artist, and by ished and best loved sons, and is known his application was able to imitate his the world over for his religious com­ master in the moments of his servitude. positions, portraying wonderful expres­ In this manner he became a famous sions of tenderness and motherly solici­ painter, with good taste, a heavy brush tude. on his canvases and an exactness in his Sebastian Gomez died during the year drawing. The 'Virgin and Child,' lo­ 1680 and was buried in the city of Se­ cated in the portico of the Church of the villa. We are thankful to historian Al­ Mercenary Barefooted Fathers of Se- cantara that he has given him a place in villa, painted by his hand, is very charm­ the niche of fame where he properly be­ ing. The canvas, 'Christ attached to a longs with those others, who, during that pillar and St. Peter kneeling at His feet,' early century, helped to perpetuate the is in the vestry of the Capuchins Con­ glory of Spain. We recall also the Ne-" vent of that city, and a 'St. Joseph' and a gro, Juan Latino, whose name adorns 'St. Ann' in the choir below the Convent Alcantara's history among the "poetas are noted for their harmony of color, granadinos," who flourished with Luis masterly handling of light and shade and Marmol, Diego Hurtado de Mendoza their remarkable fidelity of life. It is be­ and Pedro Soto de Rojas.

THE "JIM-CROW" CAR

AN N. A. A. C. P. INVESTIGATION, PART II.

By T. MONTGOMERY GREGORY /"\ NE of the greatest injustices of the But these physical aspects of the "Jim "Jim Crow" car system is the un­ Crow" car system are not the only ones equal accommodations provided for Ne­ that make travel for the Negro unbear­ groes for equal fares. Numerous in­ able. In fact, I feel that the service and stances, varying from the sickening con­ general treatment accorded colored pas­ ditions on the local lines to the more sengers by the officials of the road is the favorable ones on some of the main worst evil of them all. I have already lines, present a situation that is intoler­ cited instances where the officers of the able. Dilapidated wooden coaches, road—conductors and baggage-men— cramped space, dirty and unsanitary in­ smoked in the colored coach. This abuse teriors, and indecent toilet facilities, are is not an uncommon one on the local some of the conditions that violate the lines. Furthermore, white men have no requirements of equal accommodations hesitation in freely invading the colored as well as the sense of decency and coaches, where they lounge and smoke justice. at will. Appeals to the conductor, as in 138 THE CRISIS the case noted before, receive only ridi­ tected women and innocent girls be sub­ cule and contempt. In practically every jected to the insults and annoyances of "Jim Crow" coach in which I travelled these panderers? the conductor used the coach as a storage Frankness compels us to complain of room for his large train boxes and often another employee of the railroads. He for his clothes. In my ride from Wash­ is the colored porter who is given charge ington to Columbia on the Seaboard, the of the Negro coach, but who is fre­ conductor moved a colored passenger in quently a sort of pseudo-valet or per­ order to make use of two seats for his sonal attendant on the conductor. These boxes and record books. The conductor porters are permitted or seemingly en­ together with all the other train hands couraged to make no attempt to keep the used the coach as a lounging and gossip­ colored coach clean and fit for habita­ ing center all night long. These officers tion. The coaches are uniformly filthy of the road seem to take delight in an­ and many persons carry brushes with noying the occupants of the "Crow'' them to clean the seats before using coach. them. The writer has seen time and The worst nuisance of all is, however, again these porters devoting their time the "butcher," or vendor. This objec­ to cleaning the boots and clothes of the tionable man—in the South he is always conductor, when they should have been a man, never a boy—does all in his giving attention to the coach. power to add to the unpleasantness of Still another failure to provide proper your travel. In the first place he stores service for colored passengers and one all of his wares, over-ripe fruit, candy, that is seldom mentioned, is in the ne­ tobacco, soft drinks, and books in at glect to provide an extra step or rest for least two seats of the car. On the Sea­ alighting from the car, a convenience board train already spoken of the that is always provided for the whites. "butcher" ordered a Negro passenger The distance is usually very great, and out of the two end seats that he might it is difficult for a man to step it with jilace his goods upon them. The con­ comfort; yet ladies and children are ductor had already moved another pas­ compelled to alight from the cars as best senger that he might use two other seats they can. always to their discomfort, for his truck. Thus most of the limited often to their danger. accommodations were seized by these These then are the conditions of travel subalterns of the road. for the Xegro on the southern lines. This storage of his goods by the They are conditions supported bv irre­ "butcher" in the "Jim Crow" coach not futable evidence. They are conditions only monopolizes needed space, but the that the great majority of the race are over-ripe fruit and the candy attract flies forced to endure daily. Xo self-respect­ and vermin and thus make the coach un­ ing man can submit to them without sanitary and unhealthy. shame and humiliation, and yet he must Finally, these "butchers" are insulting see his wife and daughters suffer under to colored passengers, especially to them. Is it any wonder then, that the women and girls. In offering their writer found the Negroes of the South wares they will fawn over them, pluck earnest and pathetically urgent in their them by the arm, and often insult them. protests against these detestable condi­ I have in hand several specific instances tions, and in their hopes that they would of such behavior, but one will serve: he remedied soon ? I shall not forget In the coach going from Columbia to soon the eager faces and the loud accla­ Sumter. South Carolina, two modest mations of sincere approval when my girls in their teens, sisters, were continu­ mission in the South was made known ally approached in a familiar manner by to a Baptist congregation in Sumter. the "butcher," to their evident annoy- South Carolina. Everywhere was I ance and embarrassment. The climax made to feel that this attempt at righting came when he stuck insinuatingly under these conditions by the N. A. A. C. P. their noses several indecent books; was earnestly welcomed by the colored among them were these two: "How to people in every hamlet and city of the Kiss," "Married Life." Must unpro­ South. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

GOV. CAPPER OF KANSAS, GOV. F. B. WILLIS PRES. TOPEKA N. A. A. C P. OF OHIO

GOVERNORS OF TWO STATES that I believe this situation has been sat­ AGAINST PHOTO PLAY LIBEL isfactorily arranged. On the 23rd day OROTESTS against the production of of November I learned for the first time • "The Birth of a Nation," from cor­ that it was proposed that the photo-play respondents of the Association in Kansas in question was a part of the official were referred by the National Office to entertainment provided for the Corn Governor Capper, whom the Association Boys' trip. Upon receipt of this infor­ is honored in having as President of its mation I immediately called Mr. T. P. Topeka Branch. Governor Capper writes Riddle, of Lima, Ohio, manager of the as follows: Corn Boys' tour, by 'phone and in­ "Answering your letter of November formed him that in my judgment it was 23rd, will say that the 'Birth of a Nation' entirely improper that a play which had will not show in Kansas. I informed been barred by the Ohio State Board of those interested in it that I would not Film Censors, as being an improper play stand for it in this State and the com­ to be exhibited in Ohio, should be made pany has announced that they will not a part of the official entertainment on come here. I do not believe in promot­ this excursion outside of Ohio. I called ing any picture show or play that will his attention to the fact that such ac­ stir up race prejudice, and as long as I tion on his part would be highly offen­ am governor I will do all in my power sive to a large body of our citizens who to stop them." do not approve of this photo-play, and In Ohio the producers of the play furthermore it would place the State of made a skillful attempt to outwit the Ohio in a most ridiculous position. It State authorities, who have taken a vig­ would be absurd for the State to say orous and uncompromising stand against that the photo-play in question could not it by offering it as a complimentary fea­ be exhibited inside of the State, but that ture of the "Buckeye Corn Special it would aid in paying the expense of Tour," which is an annual excursion, its citizens to go outside of the State to "promoted in the interest of education see the same play. Furthermore, I wrote and patriotism." In response to a pro­ Mr. Riddle promptly and vigorously on test from National Headquarters to Gov­ this subject. I have before me his letter ernor Willis the following was received: in which he says that he will arrange to "I am in receipt of your letter con­ provide a substitute entertainment for cerning the attendance on the photo-play, the members of the Buckeye Corn Spec­ 'The Birth of a Nation,' by the mem­ ial party. I may add that in my talk bers of the Corn Boys' Special on its with him by 'phone, I informed him also Eastern trip. I am glad to inform you that unless some other official entertain- 140 THE CRISIS

ment were provided in lieu of the photo­ proposed to decide if a "Black Ghetto" play in question that I should feel con­ shall be established in St. Louis when strained to cancel my connection with on February 29th the Segregation Ordi­ the trip." nance will be submitted to the thirty The excursion generally includes from thousand white and fifteen thousand col­ one thousand to two thousand people, ored voters. The real estate group, who many of whom are young boys. Mr. T. are responsible for the ordinance, are se­ P. Riddle, who has charge of the tour, curing wide publicity for their views writing in the same circular, which an­ through the distribution of a leaflet nounced the "Birth of a Nation" as a called "The Home Defender," and part of the official program, tells the dirough their invaluable ally, "The anecdote of Lincoln's historic trip down Birth of a Nation." As the great audi­ the Mississippi and his visit to the slave ences file out of the theatre, after having market, concluding with these words: witnessed the chase of the white girl "When was the seed of emancipation by the Negro, "Gus," they are given planted ? The impressions made by the copies of the "Home Defender," urging things which that country boy saw and them to defend their homes by voting for heard on that trip down the Mississippi the Segregation Ordinance. in 1831 proved the seed from which de­ The ordinance itself is a sublimated veloped the liberation of millions and form of the St. Louis "and Baltimore or­ the restoration of the Union. dinances. The former has been appealed "Many homes and many communities to the Supreme Court by the National in years to come will reap benefits from Association, and the latter, which has the impressions made by the things seen been fought in various forms by the and heard upon these Buckeye Corn Baltimore Branch, is now awaiting de­ Special Tours." cision in the highest court in Maryland. The benefits our Republic will be The framers of die St. Louis ordinance likely to reap in future generations from point with pride to its absolute justice the degrading spectacle known as "The to both races, which perhaps is best illus­ Birth of a Nation" can perhaps be in­ trated by its Servant Clause, which pro­ ferred from the remark of a young boy, vides not only that colored servants of who, after seeing the play in New York, white persons shall be exempt from the said to a friend: "I'd like to kill every provisions of the ordinance, but also nigger I know." The Association appre­ WHITE SERVANTS OF COLORED ciates the prompt and vigorous co-opera­ PERSONS. tion of its Ohio branches in this matter, Enrolled against die Ordinance are news of which first came from the the St. Louis Branch, a majority of the Cleveland Branch through Mr. Harry E. colored clergy, the white press, with a Davis, its attorney. single exception, and many representa­ M tive white people. The Branch has or­ ganized for the campaign through sev­ ST. LOUIS eral strong committees; the Segregation THE campaign against the proposed and Finance Committees, with Mr. Pit­ A Segregation Ordinance, which the man and Dr. T. A. Curtis as Chairmen, St. Louis Branch has been organizing and the Legal and Publicity Committees, for several months, was formally with Attorneys Phillips and Vaughn as launched at a mass meeting November Chairmen, are indefatigable in their ef­ 8th, held in Central Baptist Church at forts to reach the people. Meetings are which the Pastor, the Rev. George E. being held everywhere, letters have been Stevens, author of "Negro Segregation," sent to the white press and to the white presided. The speakers included Con­ clergy, leaflets have been printed for gressman L. C. Dyer, Miss Nerney and house to house distribution in a cam­ the following clergymen: Rev. B. G. paign of education among both white Shaw, Otho Brandt and S. W. Parr. and" black; the city has been districted, The referendum is the "Legislative funds collected and headquarters opened. and Democratic Reform," by which it is Through Mr. A. W. Lloyd, Grand Chan- N. A. A. C. P. 141 cellor of the Knights of Pythias, the have been accomplished by these branches Pythians of Missouri have given the use in the face of most discouraging diffi­ of several rooms in their beautiful tem­ culties are promising. Ohio is still vigi­ ple as headquarters. In order to assist lant in its campaign against "The Birth the able Secretary of the Branch, Mrs. of a Nation" and St. Louis' splendid H. A. Smith, Miss Helen Spears has work against the segregation ordinance been appointed stenographer and clerk in is of importance to colored people every­ charge of headquarters. Mr. Paul W. where. St. Louis had the best meetings Mosley has been appointed solicitor. A of any of the branches. The women certified public accountant has approved particularly showed great interest and the business methods of the Branch, the resolutions that they sent to the As­ opened its books and audits all accounts. sociation are much appreciated. Lack of There has been some question as to the space only prevents our publishing them advisability of enjoining the election in full. jus. commissioners from holding the pro­ posed election. A concensus of the best THE ANNUAL MEETING legal opinion in Missouri, and Mr. THE Annual Meeting of the National Storey, counsel for the National Asso­ Association for the Advancement ciation, strongly advise against this of Colored People will be held in New course. In spite of this some of the York City at the Assembly Room of the colored people of St. Louis have an­ Society for Ethical Culture, Central nounced their intention of taking such Park West and 64th Street on Monday action, and of raising six hundred dol­ afternoon, January 3rd, 1916, at half lars to retain a lawyer. past two. The session will be open only The N. A. A. C. P. welcomes the co­ to members who have paid their dues. operation of other organizations and in­ There will be reports from officers and dividuals not included in its membership branches, and the following nominations who are willing to fight this ordinance, for Directors for terms expiring in 1919 and is glad to give them full credit, but will be voted upon: it cannot but deplore disagreement and Mr. George W. Crawford, New friction at such a crisis. The Bourbons Haven. of St. Louis will have reason to con­ Bishop John Hurst, Baltimore. gratulate themselves if the colored peo­ Mr. Paul Kennaday, New York. ple split on this issue while the enemy Mr. Joseph P. Loud, Boston. as usual stands as one. Dr. William A. Sinclair, Philadelphia. Mr. Arthur B. Spingarn, New York. Mr. Charles H. Studin, New York. THE SECRETARY'S TRIP Miss Lillian D. Wald, New York. ON the trip recently taken in the in- Rev. G. R. Waller, Springfield, Mass. terest of the Association through Mr. Butler R. Wilson, Boston. the Middle West the Secretary visited On February 11th and 12th there will eight branches, reaching at least five be a Conference in New York City end­ thousand people through public meet­ ing in a mass meeting in Carnegie Hall ings, and everywhere finding evidences when the Spingarn Medal will be award­ of the vitality of the work of the N. A. ed and the prize scholarship, for which A. C. P. The large southern popula­ branches recently competed, announced. tion, both colored and white, throughout Speakers of national reputation will be this section of the country is responsible heard at this conference which will take for much of the increase in discrimina­ the place of the conference generally tion. held in the spring. Every member of A number of valuable suggestions the Association should attend these made by our branches and several im­ meetings. Q^J portant legal cases referred by them to National Headquarters are now under BRANCHES advisement. It is hoped as a result that rTy HE branch elections held early in a more practical plan for cooperation A November seem to have given gen­ may be worked out. The results that eral satisfaction. Lack of space pre- 142 THE CRISIS vents our publishing the names of the rection of Miss Feme Allen; a one-act new officers and committees. We are sure sketch, entitled, "When the Worm that the results of their work, which will Turns," and musical selections. All the appear throughout the year in THE voung people played their parts excep­ CRISIS, will justify the confidence of the tionally well. branches in their choice of representa­ January 1st will be observed by the tives. Branch as Emancipation Day, with At­ Price Contest — Returns from the torney-General Cosson as the chief Prize Contest are so late in reaching us speaker. that it has been decided to postpone pub­ District of Columbia—The following lishing the results until next month. abstracts from letters to the President of Albuquerque, with the aid of the Civic this Branch speak for themselves: League, has prevented "The Birth of a "I am sure you will be glad to know Nation" from being shown. The Branch that I have received my appointment in has also been successful in having abbre­ the Bureau. I shall always re­ viations used to indicate race omitted member and be grateful for your kind from the city directory. interest in my appointment." Baltimore—The case of Maryland vs. "Some time ago I took the civil ser­ Jackson, involving the segregation ordi­ vice examination for skilled laborer. I nance, which the Branch has fought in made an average of 93.82 and the num­ various forms since its introduction sev­ ber of persons whose names were ahead eral years ago, has been argued and is of me on the register established from now awaiting decision in the Maryland this examination was eleven. In June, Court of Appeals. before going away for the summer, I in­ At a public meeting held at Sparrows quired of the Civil Service Commission Point on November 23rd a number of and was told that fifty persons had been new members were enrolled. appointed from this register. The ap­ Cleveland has been successful in com­ pointment clerk told me that nothing pelling a restaurant keeper to take down could be done, as I had not been selected discriminatory signs. from the names certified. Columbus—As the result of a prose­ "I was discouraged and gave up in cution conducted by the Branch a patrol­ despair. I mentioned the matter to my man has lost his position. This man, pastor, who asked me to let him take my E. Thomas Dunn, was found guilty of papers, saying he would see the Presi­ beating an old colored man whom he was dent of the District of Columbia Branch. attempting to arrest. Another patrolman, I gladly consented. That was the first named Tiller, who, it was alleged, as­ week in November. On November 11th sisted in the arrest, was suspended with my pastor called with a note from you Dunn pending investigation. Testimony and accompanied me to the brought out that Dunn was the aggres­ sor, Tiller having merely tried to dis­ Rureau, where I saw the Director. He suade him. The discharged officer is read the note, summoned his secretary the same man who was suspended for and directed him to take me to the ap­ trying to arrest the Tyler boys without pointment clerk. On November 19th I a warrant, another case handled by the was called to work and am now at work. Branch, an account of which is given in "I now realize I am under great ob­ THE CRISIS for November. ligations to the N. A. A. C. P., and to Des Moines—Nearly seven hundred you personally. I thank you heartily, and persons were present at the entertain­ expect to join the Association, which is ment given by Mr. E. R. Hall in the helping so wonderfully to aid those who name of the Association, the proceeds have no influence. I never knew the of which have been devoted to increas­ value of such an organization until now. ing the circulation of THE CRISIS among I shall be glad to be of whatever service white people of prominence. The enter­ I may be to the Association." tainment consisted of a two-act comedy, Kansas City, Kansas, is co-operating "The Rainbow Kimona," under the di­ with the Spring Valley Colored Im- GO! 143

provement Association in opposing the not only foes without, but an enemy eftorts of the Linwood Improvement As­ within. They handled the situation with sociation (white) to force a number of an uncompromising vigor which prom­ colored families to move from the dis­ ises well for the success of their work in trict which lies immediately next to the the future. section occupied by the Linwood Asso­ ciation. The A. M. E. Zion Church where the Peoria includes among its officers and Branch held a Brotherhood meeting on executive committee some of the best November 28th, was crowded to the known people in the city. Although very doors. Mr. Rolfe Cobleigh, Assistant recently chartered, it has held a series Editor of the C ongregationalist, and of public meetings which have been well Prof. William Pickens, Dean of Morgan attended and is now endeavoring to pass College, were the chief speakers. an ordinance which will prohibit photo­ Quincy heard the well-known colored plays likely to cause race friction. violinist, Prof. Joseph H. Douglass, at Pittsburgh — Two meetings w h i c h their mass meeting on Sunday, Novem­ aroused wide interest in the work of the ber 28th. N. A. A. C. P. were held by the Branch in the Metropolitan Baptist Church, the Topeka—The six weeks' fight which largest church of that denomination on this Branch waged against "The Birth the North Side, the Rev. IV. K. Brown, of a Nation," and in which they had the pastor, and in the Trinity A. M. E. co-operation of the white Ministerial Church, the Rev. G. A. Henderson, pas­ Union and the Governor of the State, tor. was successful as is indicated by a letter Providence-—Undismayed by their from Governor Capper. failure to keep "The Birth of a Nation" Trenton is securing encouraging re­ from showing in their city, the Provi­ sults from a publicity campaign they are dence Branch is taking fresh hold of their carrying on through letters addressed to work with redoubled energy. In fighting the press and to owners of hotels, res­ the photo-play they had a more difficult taurants and theaters, protesting against situation to meet than any other Branch, discrimination.

GO!

By LUCIAN B. WATKINS

Suggested by tlie victory of Howard P. Drew.

He heard the starting signal-word and Each there to give his measure as a ran; man! The lightning of his will through He won! Go! Let us each take heed muscles fleet and run, Became the pinions of his flying feet! Run with our gifts eternal and make As speeds the flash of thought, with him known began The hope we feel, caught from the beacon sun; Strong racers fired with the faith, "I The faith we find in many a midnight moan. Great hearts high-steamed to reach Drew ran his race—outstripped the the judgment-seat, world—and won. The final goal and palm of victory Now we resolve, O God, to win our sweet, own The Burden

MARY WHITE OVINGTON'S Street and Georgia Avenue, in the vicin­ lyA story !'The White Brute," which ity of New Street, were considerably appeared in the Masses, has been re­ aroused over an incident which took printed for distribution by the N. A. A. place yesterday morning, in which three C. P. It is an awful story and tells how men and a bull dog in an automobile and a dark bride was taken from her black a Negro boy on a motorcycle figured, husband and outraged by white men. and it is probable that the matter will not The poor, ignorant husband strives to only be brought before the recorder but comfort the stricken thing: called to the attention of the civil service "And what good would it have done? commission as well. It wouldn't have made no diffuence. "The automobile was going up Mul­ You'd have had to suffer jes' de same. berry Street, closely followed by the Listen, honey, I couldn't help you, it'd motorcycle. Near New Street, it is said, been jes' de same, only you'd have been the bull dog jumped from the car, di­ lef all alone. rectly in front of the motorcycle and was "But you ain't alone now, Melindy, run over by the latter, the Negro rider honey-lamb, you's got me, and I'll toil being thrown a distance of ten feet and for you while I lives. I'll help you to painfully injured. furgit. I'll love you and I'll work for "According to Will Starr and H. A. you from morn till night. I'll tend you Wiggers, both of whom reside near if you're sick lak's if you was my baby where the accident took place and to chil'. There ain't nothin' I kin do fur several - others who witnessed it, the you as I'll leave undid. Oh, Melindy, owner of the bull dog, said to have been I'm here alive, don't you want me? I'm a man named Howard, got out of the alive. You wouldn't rather have a dead car, walked over to where the Negro man than a live one, would you?" was lying on the paving, kicked him lie stopped, panting, and listened for several times and, picking him up, struck her answer. him a blow which knocked him down At length it came in whispered gasps : again. Several persons interfered and "I don't know, Sam, I'm afraid. Every about this time a policeman appeared. minute I'm afraid." "According to witnesses, the police­ "Don't be afraid," he cried impetuous­ man told the Negro" boy that if he did ly, throwing his arm about her. "I'm not make himself scarce he would make hyar." a case against him and the boy, hardly And then he stopped. She had not able to drag himself along, managed to turned to him, but snuggled close to the get back on his motorcycle and hurried wall as if seeking protection there. away. Outside were the soft night sounds, "A request was made of the policeman the vines rustling against the window, to make a case against Howard, but the the insects' drowsy chirps. Far off, by policeman's reply was that the Negro boy some distant cabin, came the howl of a was gone and he did not know where to dog. find him. Several persons volunteered "A dead man or a live cur," he said to act as prosecutors in the case, but no to himself; and turned upon his face summons were given. with a sob. "Mr. Starr, one of the witnesses to the accident, wrote a letter of complaint "A number of residents of Mulberry to the civil service commission yester- THE BURDEN X45

THE MOB AT TEMPLE, TEXAS day, asking that the policeman be called the mob. Arriving on the square a pyre on to explain why no case was made was constructed of dry goods boxes, after several persons had so requested." barrels and other inflammable stuff se­ —Macon, Ga., Telegraph. cured from the rear of business houses in nearby alleys. Trace chains were used to shackle the Negro."—Fort Worth, "A mob of 10,000 took Will Stanley, Tex., Record, July 31, 1915. a Fort Worth Negro, from the officers "These pictures were selling for ten soon after midnight this morning and cents each on the streets of Waco." marching him to the public square (From a letter, Aug. 5, 1915.) through the principal business streets, "Absolutely nothing has been done. proceeded to cremate him in full view The Governor claims that he has not of the populace, which included many been 'officially' notified of the burning. women, some of the latter standing on The Negro was accused of murdering men's shoulders to witness the grew- some white people. He implicated a some sight. white man but the mob burned him with­ "All along the route the Negro fought out permitting him to tell all." (From savagely and was kicked and beaten by a letter Sept. 7, 1915.)

THE CRUCIFIXION, AT TEMPLE, TEXAS Reproduced from a post card sold on the streets THE LETTER BOX

T HAVE been completely captured by CRISIS. As I have been very frank in the last number of THE CRISIS dedi­ criticism when I thought criticism de­ cated to the babies and children. I do served, I want to be equally frank in not see how anyone can resist the appeal expressing my increasing interest in and of these little people. This is just meant approval of the magazine. Keep up the as a word of appreciation and thanks. good work. GEORGE G. BRADFORD, JOHN LOVEJOY ELLIOTT, Boston, Mass. New York City.

"The Drop Sinister" is the finest and truest "thrust" at the wickedness of If I was amazed at your bitterness American race prejudice that I have ever against the Belgians I was amused at the seen in THE CRISIS. That's saying a indignation expressed by many of my "heap!" white brethren at the sending of colored troops to the help of the Allies. I saw WILLIAM PICKENS, many thousands of diese black soldiers Baltimore, Md. on their march through Paris—splendid fellows and true Frenchmen. The popu­ lation greeted them like brothers. I as­ I have read every copy of your publi­ sure you the words "Color Line" would cation, THE CRISIS, (from the first copy not have been understood. I must con­ up to the present issue) and I wish to fess that the presence in France of these inform you of a little discussion occur­ colored troops helped to lift some of the ring a few days since among a few of the weight which lay on my heart—I had young Negro men and women of this but one fear for them, and that was that vicinity. The subject was "THE CRISIS." they might become demoralized by the All agree that the publication serves a example set by some of our highly civil­ great need of the Negro as it is brilliant­ ized friends. . . . ly edited, well printed, nicely illustrated My interest in your cause is very sin­ and correctly worded, but those of us cere even though I do not think of it as who have followed its pages for years separate from the cause of the oppressed feel that it (always) presents a horribly white people. blue outlook. There seems to be a con­ tinued "howling" and "whining" because MARIE R. PERRIN, the white man does not give the Negro Paris, France. employment, allow the Negro the accom­ modation of his hotels, churches, places of amusement and other social and semi- social institutions. Since race prejudice Enclosed please find one dollar for my. actually exists why not deal with it from subscription to THE CRISIS. I appreciate a constructive viewpoint ? very much the general make-up of your magazine. Especially am I pleased at M. ROY, the absence of bitterness against those Braddock, Pa. of our race who differ with you or who advocate principles not in line with your own. 1 regret that certain other periodi­ God bless you for the November edi­ cals do not measure up to this tone of torial. general liberality. WILLIAM RICHARD BROWN, Wishing that your lists may reach the St. Louis, Mo. 100,000 mark or that point which will give you full scope for your noble work,

A word of congratulation on the in­ J. R. REYNOLDS, creasing success and value of THE Baldwin, La. THE LETTER BOX 147

You may always count on my renewal I regard THE CRISIS as the ablest and so long as THE CRISIS maintains its pre­ most scholarly publication issued in be­ sent policy. It is refreshing and en­ half of the colored people of the United couraging in a world governed by force States. And may I add that I regard and moved by the spirit of materialism your editorial upon the darker races in to see a journal battling for human the European war as the most searching rights, the social and spiritual redemp­ and potent editorial utterance which I tion of the race. have noted in any publication since the W. S. TURNER, outbreak of hostilities. Indeed, this pro­ Raleigh, N. C. found pronouncement of yours is inter­ racial as well as international in its im­ Wi portance and significance. Its splendid Please find enclosed Money Order for English and diction, its deep analysis, one dollar for which you will send THE and its moving and convincing spirit of CRISIS to my address for one year. A justice and humanity, instruct the intel­ copy was handed me by my sister and lect and arouse the soul for the highest after reading it through I concluded that and best there is in society and civiliza­ you were filling a long felt want. tion. May this work and that other work among the Congressmen for com­ J. E. RECTOR, plete citizenship and freedom continue Little Rock, Ark. unabated forever.

M GEORGE W. ELLIS, Please find enclosed Money Order for Chicago, 111. two dollars to pay for two subscriptions for THE CRISIS: my own, renewed, m and one new one. Your November number was so in­ I trust that the good work may con­ tensely edifying I must drop you a line tinue and the same excellent policy to say so. I especially and emphatically which is in vogue may continue to agree with your stand against segrega­ dominate in the future as in the past. tion. It is repugnant to Christian prin­ ciples, to American principles, to true W. H. COWAN, manhood and breeds war. Washington, D. C. I was delighted to see the honest, manly faces of the three sergeants of the 10th Cavalry of which I was an officer I would not miss a single number of for thirty years. this superb and manly defensive racial R. H. PRATT, implement. ... I would that every southern white man and woman could Brigadier-General, Retired. read THE CRISIS. In proportion as they Washington, D. C. learn of us they will form opinions in variance to the common one obtaining of m our race. Men of any color or creed The editorial in THE CRISIS, entitled respect men wherever found in propor­ "Votes for Women," is entirely worthy tion as they present themselves manly. of a statesman. It is the ablest literary The day of cringing and crawling, grin­ contribution to the cause of universal ning and head-scratching belongs to the suffrage of my day. Indeed, I have servile days of slavery. These are traits found nothing comparable to it in the of slaves, not men. An unmanly compro­ history of democratic republics. mise on any ground is a stench in the I thank you heartily, and I know the nostril of civilization. young colored men of promise will sus­ I pray you live long to present our tain you and help you and render your cause to the world in the only true style, work both beneficient and immortal. manly and intelligently. WILLIS E. STEKRS, M. D., H. J. PINKETT. Decatur, Ala. Omaha, Neb. 148 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

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THE NEGRO AND HIS PROBLEMS

New catalogue on request. For twenty years the Neale publications have been famous throughout the civilized world. Among them are books of history, _ bi­ ography, reminiscence, science, essays, politics, travel, fiction, poetry, religion, juvenile' and pure literature. To this great library of literature important works frequently are being added. Our new catalogue will be sent postpaid on request.

The Facts of Reconstruction. By JOHN R, LYNCH. She Trod," "Where Animals Talk," "In an Elephant Fourth Thousand. In his "Autobiography of Sev­ Corral, and Other Tales of West African Experi­ enty years," the late Senator George F. Hoar of ences," and "My Ogowe." One of his more im­ Massachusetts says: "Perhaps, on the whole, the ablest portant works is the translation of the Bible into the of the colored men who served with me in Congress Benga language of West Equatorial Africa. But by was John R. Lynch of Mississippi.'' Lynch was made far his greatest achievement in literature, and the temporary chairman of the Republican National Con­ culmination of his varied literary activities, is thia vention of 1S84, and presided over that convention volume, "My Ogowe," which the publishers hold to during the whole of the first day and a part of the be the most important work of the sort yet published. second. He was nominated as temporary chairman It comprises more than 700 pages of text and 50 full- by Henry Cabot Lodge, and his nomination was sec­ page illustrations. Large octavo. $3.25 by mail. onded by Theodore Roosevelt and George William Curtis. After his term in Congress, Lynch served as The Black Man's Burden. By WILLIAM H. HOLTZ- Fourth Auditor of the Treasury. In this his first CLAW, Principal of the Utica Normal and Industrial book, written with extraordinary force and with un­ Institute for the Training of Colored Young Men and usual clarity, he boldly justifies Reconstruction. $1.65 Young Women, Utica, Miss. With an introduction by mail. by Booker T. Washington. Illustrated. Third Thou­ sand. $1.60 by mail. Chicago Tribune: "This book is perhaps the most important contribution which has been made by any Rochester Democrat and Chronicle: "In both sub­ political writer during recent years to the political ject and literary treatment Mr. Holtzclaw's book is a literature of the reconstruction era." monument to his race." Boston Globe: "An interesting contribution to the New Orleans Times-Picayune: "It is an interest­ history of American politics." ing study in Negro achievement and should be an in­ spiration to the young men and the young women of Racial Adjustments in the Methodist Episcopal that race." Church. By JOHN H. REED, D.D., K.C. With an introduction by Adna B. Leonard, D.D., LL.D. Boston Herald: "The book will stir the sympa­ $1.60 by mail. thetic emotions of its readers as his story stirred Christian Recorder, Philadelphia: "The author is Bostonians when he told it here several years ago. an American Negro who has spent eight years in The story of this devoted young man is of intense Liberia under the missionary society of the M. E. interest, not only as an account of great accomplish­ Church. The book comes in at this time with more ment despite apparently overwhelming obstacles and than ordinary interest, for during this year most of repeated discouragements, but as giving a close view the lay colleges and conferences of the M. E. Church of the character of the colored people of the far will discuss the subject of racial adjustment, espe­ South, their shortcomings, their inherent virtues, and cially that relating to Bishops for races and languages. their ambitions." The book is filled with splendid idealism, and pre­ Troy Record: "Mr. Holtzclaw is one of those sents a fine argument, which in this day of compro­ splendid Negro leaders upon whom the hope of his mises for the present exigencies may not be heeded." race depends."

My Ogowe. By ROBERT HAMILL NASSAU, M.D., Redder Blood. By WILLIAM M. ASHBY. The Negro S.T.D. For forty-five years a resident of Africa, in America has produced but little imaginative work pioneer and explorer, Dr. Nassau has contributed other than poetry. He has told his story by other largely to both science and literature. While in mediums, which seemed to him, perhaps, better than Africa he sent large ethnological collections to the fiction. Whether right or wrong in this view, un­ University of Pennsylvania and to Princeton, and doubtedly the time is now ripe for Negro prose fic­ was the first to send a carcass of a gorilla to the tion, by Negroes, to be written in the English lan­ United States, and he supplied the only perfect go­ guage, and not the jargon known as Negro dialect. rilla brains to be examined by anatomists up to 1891. Mr. Ashby, a Yale man, is a Negro, and "Redder He is a member of various scientific bodies, includ­ Blood" is a novel of his race, and of the present ing the Archeological Society of the University of time. Moreover, it is a story told for the sake of Pennsylvania, the National Geographical Society, the the story, and is not a treatise under disguise. The Pennsylvania Society of Scientific Research. Among novel is one of great merit, as a novel, and there his published works are "Crowned in Palmland," are situations in it that reach the acme of legitimate "Mawedo," "Fetishism in West Africa," "The Path dramatic intensity. $1.00 by mail.

Wm. E. Chancellor, Ph. D., author of "The United States," in ten volumes; formerly lecturer in Johns Hopkins University and in the University of Chicago' formerly Superintendent of Public Schools in the District of Columbia' "The Neale Publishing Company today represents high-water mark in America for its historical works. Upon its list are to be found the best books upon each and every side of the common issues of our public life. Such is the authority of the list con­ sidered as an entirety as to lend lustre to each separate title, creating a presump­ tion in its favor. or r

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A prominent southern white educator in a letter to the publishers says: "Your policy of absolute fairness with regard to the Negro question, along with your sym­ pathy for the South, make me wish to co-operate with you as far as possible." Says a prominent western colored educator to the publishers: "I am deeply impressed with the justice of your house. I see often, and he never tires of speaking of your great work in behalf of the Negro in literature."

Negro Culture in West Africa. By GEORGE W. Race Adjustment: Essays on the Negro in ELLIS, K.C., F.R.G.S.; recently, and for eight years. America. By KELLY MILLER, Dean of the College of Secretary of the United States Legation in Liberia; Arts and Sciences and Professor of Mathematics, author of "Liberia in the Political Psychology of Howard University. Third edition. $2.15 by mail. West Africa," "Islam As a Factor in West African Dallas News: "The author is a cultured man, a Culture," "Dynamic Factors in the Liberian Situa­ forceful and most pleasing writer, interesting from tion," and other works. Profusely illustrated. $2.15 the first sentence of the first chapter to the close of by mail. the book." Pittsburgh Sun: "In this thorough study of Negro Chicago News: "The book is written with great social conditions in Africa lies a revelation for those ability, in English quite free from fault, and its logic to whom the African Negro ha9 meant only the sav­ is fairly inexorable. age. Here is revealed a social system, a religious New York Evening Post: "As admirable for its tradition, a craftsmanship, and, most astonishing of calmness and good temper as for its thoroughness and all, a written language other than primitive. Espe­ skill." cially interesting are the maxims and the fables translated from the Vai tongue, with their picturesque Independent: "There is no book which more fully simplicity and ingenious wisdom." and correctly represents the wishes and demands for equal recognition in civil and political rights than this Boston Transcript: "In this study Mr. Ellis has volume." given us an excellent and valuable contribution to the history of the Negro race." Out of the House of Bondage. By KELLY MILLER, DR. ROBERT E. PARK in the Chicago Tribune: "In Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences, Howard an introduction which he has written to Mr. Ellis's University. $1.65 by mail. volume, Prof. Starr, who is an authority on West Boston Transcript: "Written in a clear and de­ Africa, describes the Vai as 'a vigorous, energetic, cisive style, with a comprehensive and convincing enterprising' people, and he adds that 'no people of command of the subject. He neither denounces nor the west coast of Africa can better be taken as condemns; he analyzes and constructs possibilities typical and showing what the African can do, either upon the fundamental basis of human nature. No when left to himself, or affected by outside influ­ man of his race has so sure a power of pruning the ences.' This defines the peculiar interest of this fallacies with passionless intellectual severity from volume. It tells us what a minute and isolated Ne­ the pernicious arguments of the prejudiced dema­ gro people have done with the slight cultural re­ gogue!." sources that were at their command." Detroit Times: "Kelly Miller has the soul of an artist and an idealist. We cannot but be carried The Negro Races: Vol. II. East and South away with a solendid fervor for our Negro brother Africans, with a Full Account of the Slave after reading Prof. Miller's book. It is as big as all Trade. By JEROME Down. This is the second vol­ outdoors and aims at a readjustment on the highest ume of Professor Dowd's series entitled "The Negro principles." Races," and is devoted to the Negroes of both East an 1 South Africa, with a full account of the slave New Orleans Times-Picayune: "Those who are in­ trade. The first volume of the series, "West terested in the study of the Negro cannot ignore this Africans," was published several years ago. The volume. With many of its conclusions we can by third volume, "The Negroes of America," is now in no means agree, but it points in favor of a revised the course of preparation. Professor Dowd, who is judgment on certain questions connected with the at the head of the Department of Sociology and position or achievements of his race." Economics, University of Oklahoma, perhaps is the highest authority on the aspects of the Negro races Race Orthodoxy in the South. By THOMAS PEARCE of which he writes. Of the first volume Professor BAILEV. For many years Professor Bailey has studied W. I. Thomas, of the University of Chicago, said: southern social problems, particularly with respect to "I am greatly pleased with it. I think you have gone the relations of the Caucasian and the Negro races. at the matter in an admirable fashion." Said Pro­ He has held professorships in the University of Cali­ fessor T. F. Jameson, Director, Carnegie Institute: fornia, the University of Chicago, and the University "I can see especially the need of snch systematic ac­ of Mississippi, and he now holds a professorship in counts of the sociology of the African." Professor the University of the South. Although a southerner, Paul S. Reinsch, of the University of Wisconsin, now engaged in educational work in the South, he has wrote: "I have read it with great interest." The lived ten years in the North, and he has studied the price of each volume of the series is $2.50; by mail, Negro and his problems of every section of the $2.65. United States. $2.15 by mail. Gen. Randolph K. Evans, U. S. 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Mention THEI CRISIS A New Book by Dr. Du Bois THE NEGRO By W. E. BURGHARDT DU BOIS, author of "Souls of Black Folk," "Quest of the Silver Fleece," "Select Bibliography of the Negro American," etc. This is the authentic romance of the black man. It is a history of him at once scholarly, earnest and eloquent. He is considered from the earliest times, and the thread of his fas­ cinating story is followed in Africa, America, and wherever else it has appeared. To look at the Negro against the back­ ground of his history is to see him in a light fairer than that in which most Americans have seen him. 256 Pages—3 Maps—Cloth Bound At the low price of 50 cents net—By mail 56 cents Dr. Du Bois's new book is the latest addition to a remarkable series of low-priced new books with which everybody should be­ come acquainted. THE HOME UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 94 volumes now ready Published by HENRY HOLT & COMPANY, 34 West 33d Street, New York Is made up of new books by leading authorities. The editors are Professors GILBERT MURRAY, H. A. L. FISHER, W. T. BREWSTER and J. ARTHUR THOMSON. Cloth bound, good paper, clear type, 2S6 pages per CT/^^-» _.i volume. Each complete and sold separately - - Uv/L, licl Postage extra "A growing wonder of enterprise, and sound judgment. Each volurae, entirely new, is furnished by an acknowledged 3Xpert; is brief enough and plain enough to be__readable or even fascinating, scientific enough to be a condensed authority —and at the nominal price of SO cents."—Hartford Courant. SOME SELECTED EARLIER VOLUMES: EVOLUTION By J. A. Thomson LATIN AMERICA By W. R. Shepherd THE FRENCH REVOLUTION VICTORIAN LITERATURE By Hilaire Belloc By G. K. Chesterton ROME By W. Warde Fowler GERMANY OF TODAY PROBLEMS OF PHILOSOPHY By Charles Tower By Bertrand Russell EURIPIDES AND HIS AGE NAPOLEON By H. A. L. Fisher By Gilbert Murray THE CIVIL WAR By F. L. Paxson UNEMPLOYMENT By A. C. Pigou Order through the publishers or through The CRISIS, 70 Fifth Avenue, New York

Mention THE CRISIS PRINCE HALL Preacher, Race Champion, Abolitionist, Father of Negro Masonry

One of the Great Figures in Negro History

"The abolition of slavery; participation in the government upon terms and under conditions applicable alike to every other class of citizens; equality before the law; resistance to every form of encroachment upon the rights of black men; the education of Negro children; the right to be let alone; the iniquity of public insult: such was the platform of this Negro prophet who was born a whole century before Appomattox."

The character and work of this great man have been admirably set forth in a new book of vital interest to Masons and laymen.

The book is "Prince Hall and His Followers"

The author is George W. Crawford, 33°" "Grand Master of Connecticut

Price One Dollar. Postage Extra.

""ORDER NOW AGENTS WANTED

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