Functional areas of

Motor areas Brodmann’s Site Function Lesion area Primary motor area 4 Precentral gyrus of Fine specific discrete Contralateral hemiplegia lateral surface, movement mainly (UMN syndrome) Anterior part of extremities paracentral lobule

Premotor area 6 In front of area 4 - storing motor programs. - motor apraxia Broad above narrow - coordination of coarse - spasticity below movement mainly trunk, - loss of postural stability. shoulders and hip muscles. - Inhibitory to muscle tone. - send input to area 4 Supplementary motor 6 Mostly on the medial - postural stabilization of Not definite area frontal gyrus anterior to the body. (extrapyramidal center) paracentral lobule - coordination of both sides of the body. - control of sequences of movements.

Frontal eye field 8 In front of premotor Voluntary tracking Deviation of both eyes to area, mainly middle movement (conjugate same side of lesion. frontal gyrus. movement) to the Connected to visual area in opposite side.

Broca’s area of 44,45 Inferior frontal gyrus Coordination of muscles of Motor (non- (motor area) Mainly on the left larynx, mouth, tongue and fluent/ expressive dominant hemisphere palate. aphasia): Connected to wernicke’s area Good comprehension, through arcuate fasciculus poor speech

Sensory areas Brodmann’s Site Function lesion area Primary sensory area 3,1,2 Postcentral gyrus, -Localize, discriminate Contralateral Extends on the different sensations. hemianesthesia paracentral lobule -Gives 20% of pyramidal tracts

Secondary sensory Lowermost part of No marked lesion area postcentral gyrus (depth of lateral sulcus) Visual area 17 Around calcarine sulcus Visual perception Contralateral homonymous lips (cuneus above and hemianopsia with macular lingual below) sparing Receive visual radiation from LGN

Primary auditory area 41, 42 Middle of the superior Perception and analysis of Reduction of hearing acuity temporal gyrus pitch, intensity of sound on both ears mainly on opposite side.

Vestibular area Superior temporal gyrus Equilibrium posterior part Gustatory area 43 Inferior end of Taste perception postcentral gyrus + insula Olfactory area Uncus and adjoining Smell perception hippocampal gyrus (rhinencephalon) (uncus-piriform area)

Wernicke’s area 22,39,40 Superior temporal gyrus Understanding written Sensory aphasia (fluent/ (sensory language of left dominant and spoken words, receptive aphasia) area) hemisphere, extending enables person to read into posterior end of and understand. lateral sulcus into Works in coordination with angular gyrus (39) and Receive fibers from visual (40). and auditory areas

Association areas Brodmann’s Site Function Lesion area Visual association area 18, 19 Remainder of cuneus Interpretation of visual Visual and color and lingual gyri stimulus with past blindness experience

Occipital eye field area Rest of occipital lobe Reflex conjugate movement of both eyes to opposite side Auditory association 22 Back of superior Interpretation of auditory Auditory (verbal/ area temporal gyrus along stimulus acoustic) agnosia with wernicke’s area

Posterior parietal 5,7 Body image, know object (somatosensory) by feeling it (tactile agnosia) association area

Prefrontal association 9,10,11,12 Greater part of frontal Judgment, foresight, - Alzheimer (amyloid area cortex personality degeneration). - Schizophrenia (low dopamine).

Done by: Leen Hajeer