DOCSLIB.ORG

Pilot Exam Notes Airlaw

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Pilot Exam Notes Airlaw Airlaw is subject to change - please check information is uptodate Rev 4 PILOT EXAM NOTES AIRLAW Page 2 of 25 CONTENTS: 1. UK AVIATION LAW DOCUMENTS AND PROMULGATION METHODS....................... 5 1.1 AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION PUBLICATION (UK AIP) OR THE UK AIR PILOT..................... 5 1.2 NOTAM’S .......................................................................................................................... 5 1.3 AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION CIRCULARS .......................................................................... 5 2. LAW REGARDING ROYAL FLIGHTS AND GLIDER RADIOS........................................ 5 2.1 ROYAL FLIGHTS................................................................................................................... 5 2.2 GLIDER RADIOS ................................................................................................................... 6 3. INTERPRET AERONAUTICAL CHARTS............................................................................ 6 3.1 UK TOPOGRAPHICAL AIR CHART ......................................................................................... 7 ICAO AERONAUTICAL CHARTS........................................................................................................... 7 3.3 UK LOW LEVEL CHARTS ...................................................................................................... 7 4. ZONES, AIRWAYS ETC......................................................................................................... 7 4.1 CLASS A CONTROLLED AIRSPACE ......................................................................................... 8 4.2 CLASS B CONTROLLED AIRSPACE ......................................................................................... 9 4.3 CLASS C CONTROLLED AIRSPACE ......................................................................................... 9 4.4 CLASS D CONTROLLED AIRSPACE......................................................................................... 9 4.5 CLASS E CONTROLLED AIRSPACE.......................................................................................... 9 4.6 CLASS F AIRSPACE (ADVISORY AIRSPACE).......................................................................... 10 4.7 CLASS G AIRSPACE ............................................................................................................ 10 5. ATZ'S AND MATZ'S ............................................................................................................. 10 5.1 AERODROME TRAFFIC ZONES ............................................................................................. 11 5.2 MILITARY AERODROME TRAFFIC ZONES ............................................................................ 11 6. ALTIMETER SETTINGS...................................................................................................... 11 6.1 QNH................................................................................................................................. 12 6.2 QFE.................................................................................................................................. 12 6.3 QNE ................................................................................................................................. 12 6.4 FLIGHT LEVEL.................................................................................................................... 13 7. RULES OF THE AIR ............................................................................................................. 13 7.1 COLLISION AVOIDANCE RULES (RULE 17) ........................................................................... 13 7.1.1 Approaching head on................................................................................................. 13 7.1.2 Overtaking................................................................................................................. 14 7.1.3 Converging aircraft ................................................................................................... 14 7.2 RIGHT HAND TRAFFIC RULE (RULE 19) ................................................................................ 15 7.3 LIGHTS ON AIRCRAFT (RULE 9 TO 15).................................................................................. 15 7.4 LOW FLYING RULES (RULE 5).............................................................................................. 16 7.4.1 Flight over congested areas ....................................................................................... 16 7.4.2 Large open air gatherings.......................................................................................... 16 7.4.3 The 500ft Rule ........................................................................................................... 16 8. VMC/VFR............................................................................................................................... 16 9. IMC/IFR ................................................................................................................................. 16 9.1 MINIMUM HEIGHT RULE .................................................................................................... 17 9.2 QUADRANTAL RULE........................................................................................................... 17 10. COMPASSES/WARNING SIGNALS................................................................................ 18 10.1 COMPASSES....................................................................................................................... 18 10.1.1 Deviation................................................................................................................... 18 C:\My Documents\pilot notes\AIRLAW.DOC Rev 4 Page 3 of 25 10.1.2 Variation................................................................................................................... 18 10.1.3 Isogonals................................................................................................................... 18 10.2 WARNING SIGNALS............................................................................................................ 18 10.2.1 Aerodrome signals and markings ............................................................................... 18 11. COMMON ABBREVIATIONS AND INITIALS............................................................... 19 12. AIRSPACE RESTRICTIONS AND HAZARDS ............................................................... 19 12.1 PROHIBITED AREA.............................................................................................................. 19 12.2 RESTRICTED AREA ............................................................................................................. 19 12.3 DANGER AREAS................................................................................................................. 20 12.4 AIR NAVIGATION OBSTRUCTIONS....................................................................................... 20 12.5 GLIDER LAUNCHING SITES.................................................................................................. 20 12.6 FREE FALL PARACHUTE SITES ............................................................................................. 21 12.7 AREA OF INTENSE AERIAL ACTIVITY .................................................................................. 21 12.8 HIGH INTENSITY RADIO TRANSMISSION AREAS .................................................................. 21 12.9 BIRD HAZARDS.................................................................................................................. 21 12.10 HANG GLIDING SITES...................................................................................................... 21 12.11 MICROLIGHT FLYING SITES ............................................................................................. 22 12.12 PARASCENDING/PARAGLIDING SITES............................................................................... 22 13. TYPICAL FLIGHTS .......................................................................................................... 22 13.1 SHINING TOR..................................................................................................................... 22 13.2 LORDS SEAT...................................................................................................................... 23 14. REFERENCES AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS............................................................. 23 15. REVISION HISTORY........................................................................................................ 24 C:\My Documents\pilot notes\AIRLAW.DOC Rev 4 Page 4 of 25 Table Of Figures: FIGURE 1 UK AIRSPACE...................................................................................................................... 7 FIGURE 2 CLASS A AIRSPACE.............................................................................................................. 8 FIGURE 3 CLASS D AIRSPACE.............................................................................................................. 9 FIGURE 4 CLASS E AIRSPACE ............................................................................................................ 10 FIGURE 5 CLASS F AIRSPACE ............................................................................................................ 10 FIGURE 6 CLASS G AIRSPACE...........................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Guided Walks and Folk Trains in the High Peak and Hope Valley
    High Peak and Hope Valley January – April 2020 Community Rail Partnership Guided Walks and Folk Trains in the High Peak and Hope Valley Welcome to this guide It contains details of Guided Walks and Folk Trains on the Hope Valley, Buxton and Glossop railway lines. These railway lines give easy access to the beautiful Peak District. Whether you fancy a great escape to the hills, or a night of musical entertainment, let the train take the strain so you can concentrate on enjoying yourself. High Peak and Hope Valley This leaflet is produced by the High Peak and Hope Valley Community Rail Partnership. Community Rail Partnership Telephone: 01629 538093 Email: [email protected] Telephone bookings for guided walks: 07590 839421 Line Information The Hope Valley Line The Buxton Line The Glossop Line Station to Station Guided Walks These Station to Station Guided Walks are organised by a non-profit group called Transpeak Walks. Everyone is welcome to join these walks. Please check out which walks are most suitable for you. Under 16s must be accompanied by an adult. It is essential to have strong footwear, appropriate clothing, and a packed lunch. Dogs on a short leash are allowed at the discretion of the walk leader. Please book your place well in advance. All walks are subject to change. Please check nearer the date. For each Saturday walk, bookings must be made by 12:00 midday on the Friday before. For more information or to book, please call 07590 839421 or book online at: www.transpeakwalks.co.uk/p/book.html Grades of walk There are three grades of walk to suit different levels of fitness: Easy Walks Are designed for families and the occasional countryside walker.
    [Show full text]
  • Peak District National Park Visitor Survey 2005
    PEAK DISTRICT NATIONAL PARK VISITOR SURVEY 2005 Performance Review and Research Service www.peakdistrict.gov.uk Peak District National Park Authority Visitor Survey 2005 Member of the Association of National Park Authorities (ANPA) Aldern House Baslow Road Bakewell Derbyshire DE45 1AE Tel: (01629) 816 200 Text: (01629) 816 319 Fax: (01629) 816 310 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.peakdistrict.gov.uk Your comments and views on this Report are welcomed. Comments and enquiries can be directed to Sonia Davies, Research Officer on 01629 816 242. This report is accessible from our website, located under ‘publications’. We are happy to provide this information in alternative formats on request where reasonable. ii Acknowledgements Grateful thanks to Chatsworth House Estate for allowing us to survey within their grounds; Moors for the Future Project for their contribution towards this survey; and all the casual staff, rangers and office based staff in the Peak District National Park Authority who have helped towards the collection and collation of the information used for this report. iii Contents Page 1. Introduction 1.1 The Peak District National Park 1 1.2 Background to the survey 1 2. Methodology 2.1 Background to methodology 2 2.2 Location 2 2.3 Dates 3 2.4 Logistics 3 3. Results: 3.1 Number of people 4 3.2 Response rate and confidence limits 4 3.3 Age 7 3.4 Gender 8 3.5 Ethnicity 9 3.6 Economic Activity 11 3.7 Mobility 13 3.8 Group Size 14 3.9 Group Type 14 3.10 Groups with children 16 3.11 Groups with disability 17 3.12
    [Show full text]
  • The Limestone and Dolomite Resources of the Country Around Buxton, Derbyshire Description of 1 :25 000 Sheet SK 07 and Parts of SK 06 and 08
    INSTITUTE OF GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES Mineral Assessment Report77 Natural Environment Research Council 0 The limestone and dolomite Marple resources of the country SJ 98 SK 08 SK 18 around Buxton, Derbyshire .Castleton B Whaley Bridge Description of 1:25 000 sheet SK 07 and partsof SK 06 SJ 97 SK 07 oTideswell 0 Buxton SK 17 and 08 ' Macclesfield - Monyash SJ 96 SK 06 0 Bosley SK 16 D. J . Harrison Contributor N. Aitkenhead 0 Crown copyright 1981 ISBN 0 11 884177 7" London Her Majesty's Stationery Office 1981 PREFACE The firsttwelve reports on theassessment of British National resources of many industrial minerals may mineral resources appeared in the Reportseries of the seem so large that stocktaking appears unnecessary, but Institute of Geological Sciences assubseries. a Report the demand for minerals and for land allfor purposes is 13 and subsequent reports appear as Mineral intensifying and it has become increasinglyclear in Assessment Reports of the Institute. recent years that regionalassessments of resources of these minerals should be undertaken. The publication of Report 30 describes the procedure for assessment of information about the quantity and qualityof deposits limestone resources, and reports26 and 47 describe the over large areasis intended to provide a comprehensive limestone resources of particular areas. factual background againstwhich planning decisions Details of publishedreports appear at theend of this can be made. report. The interdepartmental MineralResources Any enquiries concerning this report may be addressed Consultative Committee recommended that limestone to Head, Industrial MineralsAssessment Unit, should be investigated, and, following feasibility a study Institute of Geological Sciences, Keyworth, initiated in 1970 by the Institute and funded by the Nottingham NG12 5GG.
    [Show full text]
  • Dragon's Back (Chrome Hill) from Hollinsclough
    Dragon's Back (Chrome Hill) Let's Go Peak District II from Hollinsclough Route Summary This wonderful walk starts and ends in the little hamlet of Hollinsclough. It takes you along field paths and country lanes with magnificent views over the Staffordshire hills, then along the crest of Chrome Hill with panoramic views over the valley, before returning to your start point. Route Overview Category: Walking Rating: Unrated Surface: Rough Date Published: 22nd September 2020 Difficulty: Hard Length: 6.250 km / 3.91 mi Last Modified: 22nd September 2020 Description Introduction: Dragon’s Back Walk This wonderful walk starts and ends in the pretty little hamlet of Hollinsclough. To begin, it takes you along field paths and country lanes with magnificent views over the wild Staffordshire hills, dotted with farms and criss-crossed with stone walls. The route then takes you along the very crest of the famous ‘Dragon’s Back’, over the top of Chrome Hill with panoramic views over the wide valley, including a spectacular view of Parkhouse Hill. You then descend on field paths and follow country lanes to return to Hollinsclough. This is a walk of 3.8 miles. The terrain is very challenging in places, especially on the top of Chrome Hill, with uneven rocks underfoot and steep ascents/descents. There are kissing gates and step stiles. There is free street parking in Hollinsclough at the start of the walk, but please be aware that this is a small hamlet and park with consideration for local residents. Allow 3-4 around hours to complete this walk at a moderate pace, with rest stops to take in the views.
    [Show full text]
  • Macclesfield to Buxton
    Macclesfield to Buxton 1st walk check 2nd walk check 3rd walk check 16th June 2021 Current status Document last updated Thursday, 12th August 2021 This document and information herein are copyrighted to Saturday Walkers’ Club. If you are interested in printing or displaying any of this material, Saturday Walkers’ Club grants permission to use, copy, and distribute this document delivered from this World Wide Web server with the following conditions: • The document will not be edited or abridged, and the material will be produced exactly as it appears. Modification of the material or use of it for any other purpose is a violation of our copyright and other proprietary rights. • Reproduction of this document is for free distribution and will not be sold. • This permission is granted for a one-time distribution. • All copies, links, or pages of the documents must carry the following copyright notice and this permission notice: Saturday Walkers’ Club, Copyright © 2021, used with permission. All rights reserved. www.walkingclub.org.uk This walk has been checked as noted above, however the publisher cannot accept responsibility for any problems encountered by readers. Macclesfield to Buxton (via the Cat & Fiddle) Start: Macclesfield Station Finish: Buxton Station Macclesfield Station, map reference SJ 919 736, is 237 km northwest of Charing Cross, 133m above sea level and in Cheshire East. Buxton Station, map reference SK 059 737, is 22km southeast of Manchester, 299m above sea level and in Derbyshire. Length: 25.2 km (15.7 mi). Cumulative ascent/descent: 971/805m. For a shorter or longer walk, see below Walk options.
    [Show full text]
  • <I'ea~ <Ijistrict T}Ji~Es Cjfistorical ~Ocietycltd
    <i'ea~ <iJistrict t}Ji~es CJfistorical ~ocietyCLtd. NE\\SLETIER No 102 APRIL2002 SUMMARY OF DATES FOR YOUR DIARY 21 April Surface walk - Skipton Page 1 14 May Talk - Museum Page2 2 June 'r Surface walk - Buxton Page 1 4 June ,/ U/G - Matlock Bath Page 1 11 June Talk- Museum Page2 5-8 July • NAMHO Conference- Aberwstwyth Page2 8-12 August Conference - Liverpool Page6 10 August Surface walk - Peak Forest Page 1 8 October U/G - Pikehall Page 1 17 November U/G -Monsal Page2 September 2003 NAMHO Meet - Ireland Page2 FUTURE MEETS firesetting, that demonstrate the antiquity of this often visited but little understood mine. Not all the system will 1. Surface walk around Cononley Lead Mine. Skipton. Yorks be examined, but some of the more obscure (and sometimes Sunday 21 April 2002 tight) side passages will be visited. Organiser: Paul Chandler. Easy/Moderate Grade - Oversuit or boilersuit and Hosts: Mike Gill and "Friends of Cononley Mine". caplamp required - no ladderwork - some crawling and Bring a packed lunch, waterproofs, walking gear, somewhat-tight squeezes. Joint meet with Masson Caving camera, etc. There is the possibility of a short underground Group. trip in the same area so bring caplamp, helmet, boilersuit, etc Numbers strictly limited to 10, as any more and we will if you are interested. not fit into some of the passages. Please contact John for more For meeting time, place, further details etc, contact Paul details and to book your place (Tel: 01298 77923; e-mail Chandler during April 2002. [email protected] 2. Surface walk visiting coal mining remains and guarry 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Cheshire Boundary with Derbyshire Local Governmeut
    Commission No.5G2 Review of Non-Metropolitan Counties COUNTY OF CHESHIRE BOUNDARY WITH DERBYSHIRE LOCAL GOVERNMEUT BOUNDARY COMMISSION FOII ENGLAND 'REPORT NO •562 LOCAL GOVERNMENT BOUNDARY COMMISSION FOR ENGLAND CHAIRMAN Mr G J Ellerton CMC MBE DEPUTY CHAIRMAN Mr J G Powell CBE FRICS FSVA Members Professor G E Cherry BA FRTPI FRICS Mr K F J Ennals CB Mr G R Prentice Mrs H R V Sarkany Mr B Scholes OBE PMDCHESHIRE THE RT HON NICHOLAS RIDLEY MP SECRETARY OF STATE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT REVIEW OF NON-METROPOLITAN COUNTIES THE COUNTY OF CHESHIRE: BOUNDARY WITH DERBYSHIRE COMMISSION'S FINAL REPORT INTRODUCTION 1. On 2 September 1986 we wrote to Cheshire County Council announcing our intention to undertake a review of the county under section 48(1) of the Local Government Act 1972. Copies of the letter were sent to the principal local authorities and to the parish councils in Cheshire and in the surrounding counties of Derbyshire, Shropshire and Staffordshire and to the National and County Associations of Local Councils. Copies were also sent to Members of Parliament with constituency interests, the headquarters of the main political parties, and to government departments which might have an interest, as well as to the Mersey Regional Health Authority, British Telecom, the Merseyside and North Wales, Midlands and North Western Electricity Boards, the North Western and West Midlands Gas Boards, the North West and Welsh Water Authorities, the English Tourist Board, the local government press and local television and radio stations serving the area. 2. The County Councils were requested, in co-operation as necessary with other local authorities concerned, to assist us in publicising the start of the review by inserting a notice for two successive weeks in local newspapers so as to give a wide coverage in the areas involved.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of Likely Significant Effect
    LEEK ROAD BUXTON ASSESSMENT OF LIKELY SIGNIFICANT EFFECT TEP Genesis Centre Birchwood Science Park Warrington WA3 7BH Tel: 01925 844004 Email: [email protected] www.tep.uk.com Offices in Warrington, Market Harborough, Gateshead, London and Cornwall PLANNING I DESIGN I ENVIRONMENT Leek Road Buxton Assessment of Likely Significant Effect Document Title Assessment of Likely Significant Effect Prepared for Persimmon Homes Ltd Prepared by TEP - Warrington Document Ref 5112.01.001 Author Dr Mike Walker MCIEEM Date March 2016 Checked Lee Greenhough Approved Lee Greenhough Amendment History Check / Modified Version Date Approved Reason(s) issue Status by by Leek Road Buxton Assessment of Likely Significant Effect CONTENTS PAGE Executive Summary .............................................................................................................. 3 1.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 4 Background ............................................................................................................. 4 Proximity to European sites ..................................................................................... 4 Legislative considerations ....................................................................................... 5 Approach ................................................................................................................. 6 2.0 Development Proposals ............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Catalogue of Journals and Newsletter in the PDMHS Library
    Catalogue of Journals and Newsletters in the PDMHS Library. Journal of the Historical Metallurgy Society (Boxes 1 to 4 and Box 81) Volume 1 No. 1 Table of 17th and 18th Century Blast Furnaces Volume 1 No. 2 Table of 17th and 18th Century Ironworks Some Details of an Early Furnace (Cannock Chase) Morton, G.R. Volume 1 No. 3 Coed Ithel Blast Furnace Melbourne Blast Furnace Maryport Blast Furnace Bloomeries Volume 1 No. 4 Blast Furnaces and the 17th and 18th Century Survey Eglwysfach Furnace Drawing Supplement – Little Aston Forge cAD1574 to AD1798 Morton, G.R. & Gould, J. Volume 1 No. 5 17th and 18th Century Blast Furnaces Bloomeries and Forges Exeter Excavations Remains of Cornish Tin and Copper Smelting Metallographic Examination of Middle and Late Bronze Age artefacts Burgess, C. & Tylecote, R. Table of Furnaces Volume 1 No. 6 The Iron Industry in the Roman Period Cleere & Bridgewater Yarranton’s Blast Furnace at Sharpley Pool, Worcestershire Hallett, M. and Morton, G. Charlcote Furnace, 1733 to 1779 Mutton, N. The Early Coke Era Morton, G.R. The Bradley Ironworks of John Wilkinson Smith, W.E. Volume 1 No. 7 Copper Smelting Experiments Anstee, J.W. Notes Concerning Copper Smelting Lorenzen, W. Analysis of Trojan Bronzes Tylecote, R.F. and E. Investigation of an Iron Object from Lower Slaughter O’Neil, H.E. Volume 1 No. 8 Lead Smelting in Derbyshire Mott, R.A. The Bloomery at Rockley Smithies, Yorkshire Crossley, D.W. Abbeydale Works, Sheffield Bestall, J. The Cementation and Crucible Steel Processes Barraclough, K.C. Volume 1 No.
    [Show full text]
  • Peak Crossing Steve Hall in April 2021 the Peak District, the UK’S Very First National Park, Will Be 70 Years Old
    Peak Crossing Steve Hall In April 2021 the Peak District, the UK’s very first National Park, will be 70 years old. Back in 2019, I grabbed the chance to celebrate the 68th birthday, with a crossing of the Park from West to East, a long ‘a to b’ run possible thanks to Mrs Hall’s generous offer to be support driver. A fabulous route. Over 20 years ago I did something similar as part of the LMC’s bold sponsored run from Deiniolen to Lincoln, raising funds for the hut purchase. Despite best intentions I hadn’t so far repeated it. For me the Peak District still stands out among our National Parks, despite being so familiar - partly because it is on the doorstep, but chiefly because it offers such variety of landscape. Despite its name there are of course few actual ‘peaks’ - the name actually comes from the Old English ‘Peac’ meaning knoll or hill. After an early start, with Jill fully equipped, and Amy along as head of in car entertainment, I set off from Rushton Spencer just north of Leek in Staffordshire. This area west of Buxton feels remote and untamed, with dark building stone, narrow, winding valleys, oak woodlands and spectacular rock outcrops such as the Roaches or Ramshaw Rocks. In the early days of the industrial revolution there were many silk mills utilising the fast flowing rivers, all now gone or converted to other uses such as the Youth Hostel at Gradbach Mill I followed the Dane Valley Way along the lovely River Dane, past the hamlet of Danebridge.
    [Show full text]
  • The Hidden Places of the Peak District and Derbyshire
    THE HIDDEN PLACES OF THE PEAK DISTRICT AND DERBYSHIRE By Mike Gerrard © Travel Publishing Ltd Published by: Regional Hidden Places Travel Publishing Ltd Airport Business Centre, 10 Thornbury Road, Cornwall Estover, Plymouth PL6 7PP Devon Dorset, Hants & Isle of Wight ISBN13 9781904434993 East Anglia Lake District & Cumbria Northumberland & Durham Peak District and Derbyshire © Travel Publishing Ltd Yorkshire National Hidden Places England Ireland First Published: 1991 Second Edition: 1994 Scotland Third Edition: 1997 Fourth Edition: 1999 Wales Fifth Edition: 2002 Sixth Edition: 2005 Country Pubs and Inns Seventh Edition: 2007 Eighth Edition: 2009 Ninth Edition: 2010 Cornwall Devon Wales Yorkshire Country Living Rural Guides Please Note: East Anglia Heart of England All advertisements in this publication have been accepted in Ireland good faith by Travel Publishing. North East of England All information is included by the publishers in good faith and North West of England is believed to be correct at the time of going to press. No Scotland responsibility can be accepted for errors. South South East Editor: Mike Gerrard Wales Printing by: Latimer Trend, Plymouth West Country Location Maps: © Maps in Minutes TM (2010) Other Guides © Collins Bartholomews 2010 All rights reserved. Off the Motorway Cover Photo: Stanage Edge, Peak District Garden Centres and Nurseries © James Osmond/Alamy of Britain Text Photos: See page 220 This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not by way of trade or otherwise be lent, re-sold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher’s prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than that which it is published and without similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchase.
    [Show full text]
  • January 2020 ISSN 1466-8211
    UNDER THE EDGE INCORPORATING THE PARISH MAGAZINE GREAT LONGSTONE, LITTLE LONGSTONE, ROWLAND, HASSOP, MONSAL HEAD, WARDLOW www.undertheedge.net No. 252 January 2020 ISSN 1466-8211 Walking on The Edge I love walking on Longstone Edge, it’s a good bit of exercise and the views are wonderful. There is a sense of getting away from it all. To the north there is Mam Tor with Kinder Scout in the background. To the south you can see the wind turbines above Carsington Reservoir and beyond. To the west Tunstead Quarry stands out with Axe Edge Moor and Wild Moor above Buxton on the horizon. To the East you can see the Hunting Tower at Chatsworth with East Moor and Bunker’s Hill wood above. And of course you get great views of Under The Edge villages. I always take my camera and try and capture the moment, the two photos shown are taken from the same spot but illustrate the differing seasons. The trees shown are directly above Moor Lane in Great Longstone. The Edge is riddled with footpaths so I can walk a different route every time I go up there. In this busy world of ours it is quite therapeutic to be able to walk for a couple of hours and not see another soul. At this time of year we get the starlings coming in to roost overnight in the reed beds on Middleton Moor. Thousands fly in from all directions at sunset and leave again at sunrise. Sometimes they will murmurate (fly in formation, creating patterns in the sky) before they fly down to the reed beds.
    [Show full text]