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The 2019 Hawaiʻi Conservation Conference Abstract Book

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The 2019 Hawaiʻi Conservation Conference Abstract Book Abstract Book 41 Sampling, fast and slow: Examining tradeoffs in surveying low-density populations Jake Ferguson1, John Fieberg2 1University of Hawai`i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States, 2University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States There likely exists an empirical tradeoff between survey efficiency and survey coverage in most study designs. Surveys performed slowly are time-consuming and thus cover a limited area; however, they also have a higher probability of detecting individuals. On the other hand, when surveys are performed quickly, they cover more area at the expense of lower detection rates. Here we explored two types of surveys for the aquatic invasive species, zebra mussel. We applied two types of surveys. The first, transect surveys with distance sampling, covers a larger area but has imperfect detection. The second, quadrat surveys, represents a low-efficiency survey with high detection probability. We examined how each design performed under a range of densities of an invasive freshwater mussel. Finally, we used these empirical studies to explore a general model that allowed us to examine the determine the best survey approach for a given problem based on empirical tradeoffs in survey coverage and detection. 2 67 Native Hawaiian ecological knowledge (NHEK) as a culturally- and place-based learning platform in Hawaiʻi's education system: a case study on the 2018 Nā Hopena Aʻo (HĀ) Summit Leland Williams1 1Hawaiʻi Pacific University, Honolulu, United States The 2018 Nā Hopena Aʻo (HĀ) Summit held March 9th-10th at Windward Community College in Kaneʻohe on the island of Oʻahu allowed teachers, principals, administrators, and other educational staff throughout Hawaiʻi and elsewhere to come together for the second time to be introduced and trained in an educational framework that emphasizes the integration of Hawaiian culture and values throughout all forms of learning in Hawaiʻi's schools. Specifically,in the teaching of biological, natural, and environmental sciences; participants were immersed in discussions, excursions, and workshops that illuminated the foundations of NHEK and how place-based learning, transformative learning, and language prepare students to be able to mālama their natural environments. The purpose of this research was to first, investigate the 2018 HĀ Summit to determine how educators might apply and implement NHEK by the HĀ framework into their lessons, second, to look at how the Office of Hawaiian Education and other organizers of the HĀ summit interpret NHEK and the strategies they use to pass this knowledge on to educators, and third, to explore Hawaiʻi educatorʻs adaptability and responses to the HĀ framework. Through participant observations and semi-structured interviews, results were obtained. Although challenges still remain for the full integration of the HĀ framework in Hawaiʻi's education system such as the misunderstanding of the strategies the HĀ summit uses to influence teachers and educational curriculum; both the 2017 and 2018 HĀ summits suggest a growing interest and support for the framework amongst teachers, administrators, students, and the Hawaiʻi Department of Education. 3 72 Conservation's Best Friend? Detection Dog's utility, efficacy, and science explored Michelle Reynolds1, Kyoko Johnson2 1US Geological Survey, Hawaii National Park, United States, 2Conservation Dogs Hawaii, Waialua, United States Trained detection canines can greatly aid conservation, and new applications are constantly emerging. However, dogs have not been utilized broadly in Hawaii for conservation purposes, yet. By training dogs on specific scents, dogs can help find elusive "targets" such as avian botulism carcasses and early fungus infections in trees, provide rapid response to new accidental introductions (invasive weeds, rats and mongoose), and aid research and provide data on cryptic and endangered species. This symposium will explore how detection dogs might be integrated to assist land managers with a variety of crises impacting our island ecosystems. Experimental applications, pilot studies, lessons learned, funding models, considerations for dog selection and training, limitations, and examples from Hawaii and elsewhere in the Pacific will be presented at this exciting symposium featuring conservation detection dog projects and international experts. For all interested an informal forum to discuss Hawaii based project proposals utilizing detection dog applications will be planned with the speakers. 4 85 Lawaiʻa Pono: Engaging Recreational Anglers in Sea Turtle Conservation and Evaluating Impacts Jennifer Martin1, Kuʻulei Gunderson1, Thomas Cutt1 1Maui Ocean Center Marine Institute, Maʻalaea, United States Maui Ocean Center Marine Institute (MOCMI), coordinates response to sick, injured, or expired sea turtles on the island of Maui, Hawaiʻi in partnership and coordination with NOAA Fisheries. Recreational fishing gear is identified by NOAA as the primary cause of strandings of sea turtles in Hawaiʻi. To prevent pollution and decrease harmful interactions between sea turtles and fishing line, MOCMI launched the Fishing Line Recycling Program (FLRP) in June 2018. The FLRP provides an accessible method for fishers to take a proactive approach to prevent pollution and reduce entanglement hazards by properly discarding their line. Fishing line recycling bins and educational signage are installed at 26 high-traffic fishing locations along Maui’s shoreline, and on four sites in Hilo, Hawaiʻi Island. The fishing line is routinely collected, sorted of hooks and weights, and shipped to the Berkley Conservation Institute where it is melted down and repurposed. Since December 2018, a total of 14,919.65 meters of fishing line has been collected in MOCMI fishing line recycling bins. MOCMI staff and interns conduct surveys each week to gather baseline knowledge of fishers’ awareness of proper methods for discarding line and willingness to participate in a conservation initiative. To date 92 fishers have been surveyed. With more targeted outreach and increased contact with the recreational fishing community, we have been able to improve our understanding and engagement. As we evaluate the impacts of the FLRP, we hope that our findings will help determine best management practices in regards to fishing gear. 5 86 Efficacy of Detection Canines for Avian Botulism Surveillance and Mitigation at Hanalei National Wildlife Refuge Kyoko Johnson1, Michelle Reynolds2, Kim Uyehara3, Steve Hess2,4 1Country Canine LLC, Waialua, United States, 2United States Geological Survey, Volcano, United States, 3US Fish and Wildlife Service, Kilauea Point, United States, 4Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, Hawaii National Park, United States Avian botulism is paralytic food poisoning caused when birds ingest prey concentrating a neurotoxin produced by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum. Waterbird carcasses initiate and spread avian botulism. Early detection and removal is an effective mitigation strategy for reducing the magnitude of epizootics and preventing avian mortality. Early detection is challenging across large areas with dense vegetation. We tested scent trained canines as a surveillance tool for avian botulism at Hanalei National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) on Kaua‘i Island in 2017-2018. We established methods for training and deploying four detector canines at Hanalei NWR and collected data to quantify koloa maoli (Anas wyvilliana) carcass discovery under a variety of environmental conditions and habitat features. We used three approaches: 1) We quantified detection for canine assisted surveillance and with traditional search methods, 2) we covertly and randomly hid carcasses prior to surveillance surveys to quantify detection probabilities, and 3) we conducted a time limited randomly paired double-blind trial. We concluded that trained detector canines improved detection probability of carcasses and share lessons learned. 6 91 Closing tHe Nutrient Loop: MetHods of Green Waste Management to Regenerate Hawaiian Soils Lucy Caine1,2, Diane Ragone2, Noel Dickinson2 1KUPU, Kalaheo, United States, 2Breadfruit Institute, Kalaheo, United States McBryde Garden of the National Tropical Botanical Garden on Kaua`i, formerly a sugar cane plantation, is now home to extensive plantings of rare and native Hawaiian plants, as well as the Regenerative Organic Breadfruit Agroforest. Regenerative agroforestry strives to mimic forest succession in nature, resulting in a closed system of organic matter and nutrient cycling. In Hawai'i, sugarcane and pineapple plantations have depleted organic matter and microbial biomass from soils for decades. Every plant’s strength, persistence, and ability to bounce back from disturbance relies on the quality of soil in which they grow. This study will examine two methods of organic matter reclamation—Bokashi fermentation and the Berkeley Method of hot composting. In order to analyze the immediate effects of each treatment, we are measuring biomass, root length, above ground height, number of leaves, and dry weights of each harvested plant within the 21 research plots. The goal is increasing the efficiency in conservation of energy and nutrients stored in green waste materials, which will also provide a dynamic and strong foundation for Hawaiian flora. Bokashi fermentation and composting have the potential to improve plant growth rates and soil health in degraded areas, repurpose food scraps and invasive weeds, create a more diverse microbiological community, and improve the safety and
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