Contents

1. INTRODUCTION 3

2. METHODOLOGY 6

3. OVERVIEW AND OUTCOMES OF 29 INTERIM SCREENING STAGES

4. POLICIES SCREENED INTO THE APPROPRIATE ASSESSMENT 39 STAGE

5. NATURA 2000 SITES 42

6. STAGE TWO - APPROPRIATE 90 ASSESSMENT

7. AVOIDANCE AND MITIGATION 112 MEASURES

8. MONITORING, NEXT STEPS AND 128 CONCLUSION

APPENDICES

A. CONSULTATION 132

B. COMPONENT SSSI'S AND 153 CONDITION STATUS

C. BRIDGING ASSESSMENT 157 DETERMINATION OF SITES

D. SCREENING OF MINERAL SITES 179

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options Contents

E. SCREENING OPINION OF 244 POLICIES

F. NATURA 2000 SITES (WEST 398 DURHAM) AND PROW

G. EC ADVICE ON AA MITIGATION 402 MEASURES

H. POLICY CHANGES AS A RESULT 404 OF HRA PROCESS

I. ABBREVIATIONS 408

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options Introduction 1

The County Durham Plan

1.1 Once adopted the County Durham Plan will be the spatial strategy for development in the County until 2030. It will allocate sites for various types of development, set criteria for determining planning applications, and establish how community and other corporate plans and strategies will be implemented through local spatial planning, including waste and minerals.

1.2 Working to the requirements of the 2004 Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act, the preparation of the Plan had focused on the development of a 'Core Strategy' including strategic policies to define the quantity and distribution of new development across the County and identify strategic development sites essential to the delivery of the Plan. This approach has been modified, taking the opportunity to develop a Local Plan (The County Durham Plan) as required by the Localism Act(1).

1.3 Whilst the County Durham Plan still provides a new framework for development, it now includes a comprehensive range of policies to determine planning applications as well as identifying strategic development sites essential to the delivery of the Plan and other non-strategic allocations. This revised approach will ensure that the Plan will be finalised at the earliest possible opportunity, and that deliverable development sites will be available across the County to deliver the Plan as soon as it is adopted. It also embraces the concept of Localism, should local communities wish to promote additional development sites through the development of Neighbourhood Plans, setting out policy guidelines to aid their preparation.

1.4 The County Durham Plan in its entirety will comprise the following documents:

Local Plan Preferred Options Minerals and Waste Policies and Allocations Document

1.5 Drafts of the following Supplementary Planning Documents (SPDs) have also been produced. These are not statutory planning documents but tools to supplement policies within the County Durham Plan:

Aykley Heads; Sniperley Park; North of Arnison; Sherburn Road; and Lambton Park Estate.

1.6 Further SPDs will also be produced for the other strategic housing sites identified in the Plan and for the following themes:

Historic Environment; Natural Environment; Built Environment; and Affordable Housing and Developer Contributions.

1.7 The Local Plan has been subject to a Habitats Regulations Assessment (HRA) at each stage of its development under the Habitats Directive, in accordance with the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010.

1 The Localism Bill received Royal Assent in April 2011.

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 3 1 Introduction

1.8 The Habitat Regulations Assessment of the Local Plan Preferred Options has been undertaken and prepared by Durham County Council's Ecology Team and Sustainable Strategy Team.

The Legislative Basis for Habitats Regulations Assessment

1.9 In October 2005, The European Court of Justice ruled that the UK had failed to correctly transpose the provisions of Article 6(3) and (4) of Council Directive 92/43/EEC on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora - the Habitats Directive - into national law. Specifically, the UK had failed to ensure that land use plans were subject to Appropriate Assessment (AA) where they might have a significant effect on Natura 2000 sites.

1.10 Natura 2000 sites are of exceptional importance in respect of rare, endangered or vulnerable natural habitats and species within the European Community. Natura 2000 sites include Special Protection Areas (SPAs) designated under the EU 'Wild Birds' Directive, Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) designated under the EU 'Habitats Directive' and European Marine Sites (EMS).

1.11 The UK Government's National Planning Policy Framework requires that listed or proposed Ramsar sites should be given the same protection as European sites. (2) Ramsar sites are wetlands of international importance, designated under the Ramsar Convention 1979.

1.12 The Habitats Directive applies the precautionary principle to Natura 2000 sites. Plans and projects can only be permitted having ascertained that there will be no adverse effect on the integrity of site(s) in question. In the case of the Habitats Directive, potentially damaging plans and projects may still be permitted if there are no alternatives to them and there are Imperative Reasons of Overriding Public Interest (IROPI) as to why they should go ahead. In such cases, compensation measure will be necessary to ensure the overall integrity of Natura 2000 sites.

1.13 In order to ascertain whether or not site integrity will be affected, an Appropriate Assessment should be undertaken of the plan or project in question. Article 6(3) states:

" Any plan or project not directly connected with or necessary to the management of the site but likely to have a significant effect thereon, either individually or in combination with other plans or projects, shall be subject to appropriate assessment of its implications for the site in view of the site's conservation objectives."

1.14 Following the European Court ruling, the former Office of the Deputy Prime Minister indicated that the regulations implementing the Habitats Directive in the UK would be amended to ensure that Appropriate Assessment explicitly applies to land use plans. The Conservation (Natural Habitats &c) (Amendment) Regulations came into force in 2007. Subsequent amendments have been made to the regulations and these have been consolidated by the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010. Regulation 61 and 62 states that:

" A competent authority, before deciding to ...give any consent for a plan or project which is likely to have a significant effect on a European site ...shall make an appropriate assessment of the implications for the site in view of that sites conservation objectives."

2 Communities and Local Government National Planning Policy Framework (March 2012)

4 Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options Introduction 1

1.15 An assessment of land use plans has since developed. The term Habitats Regulations Assessment has come into use for describing the overall assessment process including screening and the specific appropriate assessment stage.

Purpose of this Report

1.16 The purpose of this report is twofold. The first purpose is to provide an overview and update on previous HRA outcomes in relation to the development of the Local Plan Preferred Options. The report documenting these stages in full is entitled Interim Habitat Regulations Screening Report of the County Durham Plan 2011/12. (3)

1.17 The second purpose is to outline the HRA screening assessment of the draft Local Plan Preferred Options and outcomes of appropriate assessment. This report contains the following sections:

Section 1 - This section has set out the legislative basis for habitats regulations assessment; introduced the County Durham Plan and set out the overall purpose of this report. Section 2 sets out the methodology used to undertake the assessment. Section 3 provides an overview and update on the previous interim HRA screening stages including the minerals bridging assessment undertaken. Section 4 outlines preferred policies screened into or out of the assessment. Section 5 describes Natura 2000 sites and the potential impacts of the Local Plan. Section 6 introduces and outlines the findings from the appropriate assessment stage. Section 7 proposes avoidance and mitigation measures. Section 8 concludes the HRA of the Local Plan Preferred Options and identifies draft monitoring proposals and next steps.

1.18 This report is also supported by the following evidence papers: (4)

A Study of Over-wintering Waterbirds of the Durham Coast (5) Nitrogen Deposition Implications of the Local Plan (6) Recreational and Urbanisation Impacts of the Local Plan (7) Heights Quarry and Proposed Western Extension - Information to Inform Habitat Regulations Appropriate Assessment for North Pennine Moors SPA (8)

3 Available to view on the Council's website at http://durhamcc-consult.limehouse.co.uk/portal/planning/lp/hra_cdp_po 4 available to view on the Council's website at:http://durhamcc-consult.limehouse.co.uk/portal/planning/lp/hra_cdp_po 5 Cadwallender, T, M, 2012 A Study of Over-wintering Waterbirds of the Durham Coast - December 2011-March 2012 Cadwallender Consultancy 6 Prepared by Durham County Council's Ecology Team: February 2012 7 Prepared by Durham County Council's Ecology Team: June 2012 8 Middlemarch Environmental Ltd Heights Quarry and Proposed Western Extension - Information to Inform Habitat Regulations Appropriate Assessment for North Pennine Moors SPA August 2012

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 5 2 Methodology

2.1 The following section outlines the methodology used by Durham County Council for undertaking the Habitats Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan.

Guidance

2.2 In the absence of any official guidance to assist compliance with the requirements of the Habitats Directive the following publications were referred to, to help Durham County Council undertake Habitats Regulations Assessment of the Local Plan:

Oxford Brookes University for European Commissions Environment DG: Assessment of plans and projects significantly affecting Natura 2000 sites - Methodological guidance on the provision of Article 6(3) and (4) of the Habitats Directive 92/43/EEC (2001) Levett-Therival et al: Appropriate Assessment of Plans (2006)

2.3 Further to reference to the above publications, ongoing discussion and consultation with Natural England has taken place in order to guide the Habitats Regulations Assessment of the Local Plan. Natural England were consulted on the Interim Habitats Regulations Screening Report in June 2011 and again in February 2012. Details of the consultation responses are within Appendix A.

2.4 Figure 1 below outlines the stages of HRA according to current guidance. The stages are essentially iterative and were revisited as necessary in response to the development of the Local Plan. Figure 1 Four Stage Approach to Habitats Regulations Assessment (Source: Communities and Local Government 2006)

6 Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options Methodology 2

Stage One - Screening

2.5 Stage one of the Habitats Regulations Assessment (HRA) process is the screening of the relevant plan or project for likely significant effects. Screening is fundamentally a risk assessment to determine whether the subsequent more detailed stage of assessment, which is known as Appropriate Assessment, is required. The essential question is:

Is the Local Plan, either alone or in combination with other relevant projects and plans, likely to result in a significant effect upon Natura 2000 sites?

2.6 Screening is an iterative process and has taken place at each stage of development of the Local Plan. Screening of the Local Plan began in June 2010 to accompany the Core Strategy Issues and Options Paper, followed by screening to accompany the Core Strategy Policy Directions Paper in May 2011 and finally to accompany the Local Plan Preferred Options as presented in this report. Screening of the draft Preferred Options commenced in April 2012.

2.7 Screening essentially involved assessing the significance of effects of policies and allocations within the Local Plan in relation to the designated interest features and conservation objectives of relevant Natura 2000 sites. Any effect that would compromise the functioning and viability of a site and prevent it from sustaining those features in a favourable condition was judged to create a significant effect. Where no significant effects were identified, then no further steps needed to be taken. Where significant effects seem likely, a more detailed Appropriate Assessment of the Local Plan was necessary. If insufficient information was available to make a clear judgement, the precautionary principle was adopted.

2.8 On the rare occasions where significant adverse effects can not be mitigated, compensatory measures are required, but only where the Plan has proved that it is necessary for imperative reasons of overriding public interest (IROPI), including those of a social or economic reasons. The IROPI test is a difficult test which a plan or its relevant components are generally considered unlikely to pass.

2.9 The purpose of screening the Local Plan was to identify:

Those Natura 2000 sites that are not affected (meaning that no further assessment is required); Where there is a possible effect but where modification or removal of options, policies and or allocations within the Local Plan would avoid the effect; and Where an effect on Natura 2000 sites is probable and where Appropriate Assessment (Task 2) is therefore required.

2.10 The Screening stage required the collection and analysis of information relating to:

All Natura 2000 sites within County Durham and those shown to be linked to development within the authority's boundary through a known 'pathway'; Local Plan options, policies and allocations; and Information on other plans and projects which might contribute to in-combination effects.

2.11 The distinct steps followed when undertaking screening were as follows:

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 7 2 Methodology

1. Make a decision as to whether there is any possible mechanism by which the plan can affect any Natura 2000 site by altering its environmental conditions, focusing on those sites within the administrative boundary or which may be linked to development within the boundary by a pathway (scoping).

2. Explore the reasons for the designation of the Natura 2000 sites.

3. Explore the environmental conditions required to maintain the integrity of the selected sites and become familiar with the current trends in these environmental processes.

4. Gain a full understanding of the Local Plan and consider each spatial option, policy and allocation within the context of the environmental process - could the policy lead to an impact on any identified process?

5. Decide if the identified impact is likely to lead to a significant effect.

6. Identify other plans and projects that might affect these sites in combination with the Plan and decide whether there is likely to be a significant effect "in combination".

7. If likely significant effects have been identified, the HRA must progress to Task 2 (Appropriate Assessment), which will involve consideration of mitigation and avoidance measures.

2.12 This report presents the screening results of the Local Plan Preferred Options. The Interim Habitat Regulations Screening Report of the County Durham Plan presents the screening results of previous stages of development of the Local Plan. (9)

Impact Pathways

2.13 One of the first necessary steps for screening was to develop a long list of Natura 2000 sites potentially affected by the Local Plan and this required an understanding of the various ways in which land use plans can impact upon Natura 2000 sites. Current guidance suggests that the following Natura 2000 sites be included in the long list:

Sites within County Durham's boundary; and Sites potentially affected by development within County Durham through a known pathway.

2.14 Pathways are routes by which a change in activity within County Durham can lead to an effect upon a Natura 2000 site. Following consideration of the Local Plan and the development that it seeks to promote and direct, a number of broad potential impact types were identified that could affect Natura 2000 sites. These are discussed in detail below.

Air Quality

2.15 A change in the composition of air that disperses in the vicinity of a Natura 2000 site can change conditions, damage habitat, and harm species in designated areas. The main pollutants

of concern for Natura 2000 sites are oxides of nitrogen (NOx), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and ammonia

(NH3)

2.16 Nitrogen is the second most important plant nutrient behind carbon, and the productivity of terrestrial ecosystems is generally limited by nitrogen supply. However, such communities exist in balance because their growth rates are contained by the level of available Nitrogen. Hence, the

9 Available on the Council's website at: http://durhamcc-consult.limehouse.co.uk/portal/planning/lp/hra_cdp_po

8 Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options Methodology 2

increase in nitrogen deposition will be expected to exert a large impact on ecosystem biodiversity. Nitrogen deposition may cause changes to species composition, often including a reduction in species richness and a loss of sensitive ‘lower plants’; changes to soil microbial processes; changes to plant and soil biochemistry; increased susceptibility to abiotic stresses (such as winter injury) and biotic stresses (such as pests and pathogens); and it also contributes towards acidification.

2.17 Sulphur dioxide emissions are overwhelmingly influenced by the output of power stations and industrial processes that require the combustion of coal and oil as well (particularly on a local scale) shipping. Ammonia emissions are dominated by agriculture, with some chemical processes also making notable contributions. Nitrogen emissions are much more widely dispersed than ammonia, with the latter often deposited in high quantities to semi-natural vegetation in intensive agricultural areas. Reduced N (NHx) is primarily emitted from intensive animal units and more recently vehicles with the introduction of catalytic converters.

2.18 Table 1 represents typical air pollutant sources and their contribution to air pollution. Many sources produce small amounts of each pollutant listed here, therefore, only the major contributions are indicated with an X.

Table 1 Atmospheric Pollutants and their Sources

Pollutant: Ammonia Sulphur Nitrogen Heavy VOC's Halogens POP's Particulates

(NH3) Dioxide Oxides Metals (HCL, HF)

Source (SO2) (NOx) Dusts

Power generation X X X X X

Cement works X X X

Ceramic/Brick production X X X

Waste Incinerators X X

Refineries X X X

Ferrous Metal Production X X X X X X

Fertiliser Production X X X

Transport X X X X X X X

Agriculture (livestock) X X

Minerals Working X

Source: Air Pollution Information System (APIS)

2.19 The Local Plan was identified as harbouring the potential to contribute to atmospheric pollution through; increased traffic linked to increased housing and employment, minerals working and waste management (i.e. dust generation, landfill gas or incinerator emissions) and renewable energy schemes such as biomass. No intensive animal units are being proposed as part of the County Durham Plan.

2.20 In relation to impacts of atmospheric pollution from traffic on Natura 2000 sites the Appropriate Assessment of the North East Regional Spatial Strategy states that 'English Nature’s (now Natural England’s) advice to Runnymede Borough Council on traffic-related air pollution, based on interim guidance from the Department for Transport (2005), was that NO2 emissions only needed to be considered if there is a road carrying a significant proportion of new traffic related

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 9 2 Methodology

to the plan within 200 metres of a European site.' Beyond 200m, the contribution of vehicle emissions from the roadside to local pollution levels is not significant. This is therefore the distance that will be used throughout the screening assessment for determining whether Natura 2000 sites are likely to be significantly affected by increased traffic to and within County Durham.

Water Quality

2.21 The quality of water that feeds Natura 2000 sites is an important determinant of the nature of their habitats and the species they support. Poor water quality can have a range of environmental impacts:

At high levels, toxic chemicals and metals can result in immediate death of aquatic life, and can have detrimental effects including increased vulnerability to disease and change in wildlife behaviour. Loss of aquatic life can also have a direct knock on effect on other qualifying species such as birds and otters. Eutrophication increases plant growth and consequently results in oxygen depletion. Algal blooms, which commonly result from eutrophication, increase turbidity and decrease light penetration. Some pesticides, industrial chemicals, and components of sewage effluent are suspected to interfere with the functioning of the endocrine system, possibly having negative effects on the reproduction and development of aquatic life.

2.22 In County Durham, one of the main risks to water quality is as a result of an increase in housing and employment sites putting pressure on sewage treatment works that are close to capacity. Further development may increase the risk of effluent escape into aquatic environments. Coupled with this risk, an increase in hard standing and increased pressure on sewer systems could increase run off and sewer flooding heightening water pollution risk. The County Durham Outline Water Cycle Study was used to help inform the screening process. Minerals and waste development supported by the Local Plan, including continued reliance on existing mineral sites was also identified as a potential threat to water quality. Minerals and waste development could lead to discharges and leachate of pollutants to surface and groundwater sources. Sites in close proximity to watercourses also have the potential to affect sedimentation levels.

Hydrology

2.23 Changes in hydrology can result in drought or flooding of Natura 2000 sites that can damage habitat and harm species in designated areas. Increased housing and employment proposed by the Local Plan is likely to increase abstraction which could increase risk of lowering water levels within watercourses or groundwater sources that are required for the effective functioning of qualifying species and habitats. As mentioned, in section 2.22 an increase in hard standing could also increase run off affecting flows. Some types of minerals working also require de-watering which can affect hydrological systems.

Habitat and Species Destruction or Fragmentation

2.24 Alongside changes to air quality, water quality and hydrology there are a number of other 'pathways' that could contribute to habitat and species destruction or fragmentation as a potential result of the Local Plan. These include:

Land take from Natura 2000 sites for development; Recreational pressure; and Urbanisation

10 Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options Methodology 2

2.25 The following sections discuss each of these factors in turn.

Land Take

2.26 Direct land take from Natura 2000 sites could potentially result as a consequence of the Local Plan if the working of active and inactive mineral sites within Natura 2000 sites is supported. Mineral sites in County Durham within Natura 2000 site designations were granted planning permission prior to designation and for the majority of these sites the permission is valid until 2042.

2.27 For scenarios such as these a review of existing decisions and consents is required under Regulations 63 and 64 of the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010 to establish whether existing or potential future operation of these sites is impacting or is likely to impact on features of qualifying interest. A regulation 61 Review is also required prior to any consent for working being issued.

2.28 In order to review existing decisions and consents an appropriate assessment of the implications for the site in view of the sites conservation objectives must be made. For sites in Durham County Council this review will be undertaken at the same time as the Review of the permission under the Environment Act 1995.

2.29 However, as not all sites are due a Review prior to the anticipated adoption date of the Local Plan, it was agreed with Natural England in August 2011 that Durham County Council would undertake a bridging assessment. The bridging assessment was undertaken to ensure that sites selected and relied upon as part of Local Plan policy do not contravene the Habitats Directive. The bridging assessment established which sites are likely to pose a risk to Natura 2000 sites and therefore which sites are likely to require appropriate assessment alongside the Review. An overview of the outcomes of the bridging assessment is provided in Section 3 of this report.

Recreational Pressure

2.30 All types of Natura 2000 sites including woodlands can be affected by trampling, which in turn causes soil compaction and erosion. Another factor, whereby recreation can contribute to habitat destruction and/ or fragmentation is by increased nitrification of sites as a result of dog walking. Increased nitrification by dogs could also act in combination with increased dosage of nitrogen deposition through air pollution to impact upon sensitive sites. This impact can be particularly problematic for habitats which rely on relatively nutrient poor soil such as calcareous grassland.

2.31 The distances that people may travel to visit Natura 2000 sites was considered key to determining the potential impacts of the County Durham Plan. Initially, it was considered that identifying the distances that residents may travel to visit Natura 2000 sites would adequately support the screening stages of the Local Plan. Accordingly, a 1km buffer was defined based upon the County Durham Open Space, Sport and Recreation Needs Assessment (OSNA) (10) which states that 50% of people are willing to travel 20 minutes (approx 1km) to reach wildlife areas, nature reserves, country parks, golf courses and specialist sports facilities.

2.32 However, in March 2012, Natural England advised Durham County Council that the interim screening stages may not have considered in a sufficiently precautionary manner, recreational impacts to Natura 2000 sites within upper Teesdale / Weardale and to Durham's coast. Accordingly, research as presented in the supporting paper - Recreational and Urbanisation Impacts was

10 Durham County Council County Durham Open Space, Sport and Recreation Needs Assessment (2010)

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 11 2 Methodology

undertaken to better define the recreational catchment of these areas. Whilst no specific detailed visitor surveys were undertaken it was considered that the following studies (in addition to the OSNA) provided enough baseline information to define the catchment areas:

A Study into Recreational Disturbance at the Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast European Marine Site;(11) Durham Heritage Coast Sustainable Tourism Strategy; (12) Site Report North Pennines Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty; (13) Durham Visitor Survey;(14) Accessing the Countryside: Barriers and Best Practice; and (15) Visits to the Natural Environment. (16)

Urbanisation

2.33 The impact of urbanisation is closely related to recreational pressure, in that they both result from increased populations within close proximity to sensitive sites. Urbanisation is considered separately as the impact is distinct from the trampling, disturbance and dog-fouling that results specifically from recreational activity. The main impacts of urbanisation are as follows:

Invasive species - Invasive alien species can be spread either deliberately, through the inappropriate disposal of garden waste or may be bird-sown from local gardens. Plant pathogens may also be spread as a result of working of non-inert landfill sites. Increased predation - A large proportion of domestic cats are found in urban situations, and increasing urbanisation is likely to lead to increased cat predation. Increased populations within County Durham may also increase urban populations of rats and other predatory species such as foxes.

2.34 Urbanisation effects are likely to derive from housing development in the main. Concerns were raised with Natural England about the ability to screen in or out urbanisation effects, given the unquantified distance that invasive species could travel and the unquantified impacts of predatory species on Natura 2000 sites. It was agreed with Natural England in August 2011 that a pragmatic approach to this issue was necessary. However, where Natura 2000 sites were cited as vulnerable to invasive and/or predatory species the issue was considered and screened as far as is possible.

Habitat and Species Disturbance

2.35 The Local Plan has the potential to increase disturbance levels to qualifying species by increasing noise (construction, minerals working etc) and levels of direct disturbance as a result of increased recreational pressure. Disturbance to habitats and species inhabiting Natura 2000 sites can affect the health of populations and is likely to require careful consideration in relation to impact upon qualifying upland and coastal bird species and specific effect upon breeding, roosting and feeding areas.

11 Simpson, K A Study into Recreational Disturbance at the Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast European Marine Site (2011) 12 PLB Consulting Ltd Durham Heritage Coast Sustainable Tourism Strategy (2004) 13 Natural England Site Report North Pennines Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (2009) 14 ONE North East Durham Visitor Survey (2010) 15 Matthews, J Accessing the Countryside: Barriers and Best Practice (undated) 16 Natural England Visits to the Natural Environment (2011)

12 Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options Methodology 2

Climate Change

2.36 Climate change is one of many threats to biodiversity and by reducing other sources of harm, natural systems will be better able to maintain their biodiversity in response to climate change. The Local Plan will need to ensure that it does not restrict the movement and migration of species and habitat in terms of their ability to adapt to climate change. One specific area of concern in relation to enabling habitat/species migration that was considered as part of the screening assessment was the impact of the Local Plan on coastal squeeze.

2.37 Coastal squeeze is what happens to coastal habitats that are trapped between a fixed landward boundary such as a sea wall or a coastal housing development and rising sea levels and/or increased storminess. The habitat is effectively 'squeezed' between the two forces and diminishes in quantity and/or quality. Coastal habitats will naturally adapt to a changing climate by migrating inland but this natural process can be hampered by development. In Durham the East Coast is already effectively 'squeezed' by the location of the Durham Coast Railway Line. However, the Local Plan was screened for it's contribution to coastal squeeze. In combination effects resulting from other plans and projects were also considered.

Determination of Sites

2.38 In order to fully inform the screening assessment, it was necessary to compile a comprehensive list of the sites that could potentially be affected by the Local Plan. This section provides information on the Natura 2000 sites that were considered as part of the screening process.

2.39 County Durham contains within its borders a number of sites (or parts of sites) which are designated for their European importance for biodiversity. In simple terms, they are of European importance because they incorporate habitats and/or species of high significance due to their rarity, or because they are instrumental in sustaining a significant proportion of the European resource of a particular priority habitat or species. The following European designated sites occur within County Durham and were subject to the screening assessment:

Natura 2000 Sites in County Durham

Durham Coast SAC Castle Eden Dene SAC Thrislington SAC Moorhouse and Upper Teesdale SAC North Pennine Dales Meadows SAC North Pennine Moors SAC North Pennine Moors SPA Northumbria Coast SPA, Ramsar and European Marine Site Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast SPA, Ramsar and European Marine Site

N.B. Northumbria Coast SPA and Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast SPA are also designated as European Marine Sites which have their own conservation objectives.

2.40 In addition to Natura 2000 Sites within County Durham, sites outside of the County boundary that may be affected by the implementation of the Local Plan were also considered. In determining which sites outwith the County boundary to include in the screening assessment the following advice and criteria from Natural England was considered:

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 13 2 Methodology

All sites downstream of the plan area in the case of river or estuary sites; All peatland and other wetland sites with significant hydrological links to land within the plan area, irrespective of distance from the plan area; All sites which have significant ecological links with land in the plan area, for example, land used by bats or migratory birds, which also use a Special Area of Conservation (SAC) or Special Protection Area (SPA) respectively, at different times of the year; All sites within 5km of the plan area boundaries that may be affected by local recreational or other visitor pressure from within the plan area; All sites within about 20km of the plan area that comprise major (regional or national) visitor attractions such as promoted National Nature Reserves, coastal sites and sites in major tourist or visitor destinations such as AONB's and National Parks; All sites that are used for, or could be affected by, water abstraction irrespective of distance from the plan area; All sites used for, or could be affected by discharge of effluent from waste water treatment works or other waste management streams serving land in the plan area, irrespective of distance from the plan area; and If there is any doubt as to whether a European site may be affected, a precautionary approach should be adopted and the information for the site should be obtained

2.41 Given the criteria above and the potential pathways of impact identified in section 2.3, the following sites outside of the County boundary were also considered for inclusion in the screening assessment:

Natura 2000 Sites occurring outside the County Boundary to be considered for inclusion in the Screening Assessment

Tyne and Allen River Gravels SAC (Northumbria) Oxclose SAC (North Yorkshire) Helbeck and Swindale Woods SAC (Cumbria) Asby Complex SAC (Cumbria) Tyne and Nent SAC (Cumbria) River Eden SAC (Cumbria)

2.42 The location of all the above sites are shown below in Figures 2 and 3. Figure 2 lists the sites as SPA's but please note Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast SPA and Northumbria Coast SPA are also Ramsar and European Marine Sites.

14 Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options Methodology 2

Figure 2 SPA's within 20km of County Durham

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 15 2 Methodology

Figure 3 SAC's within 20km of County Durham

2.43 In order to establish whether the Natura 2000 sites in neighbouring authorities needed to be screened against the policies and allocations of the Local Plan an initial screening exercise was undertaken to identify whether development within County Durham is likely to impact upon these sites via the pathways identified. The screening results for each site can be found in Sections 3.2 and Appendix B of the Interim Habitat Regulations Screening Report of the County Durham Plan 2011/12. (17)

2.44 As a result of the initial screening exercise undertaken it was concluded that the County Durham Plan will not adversely effect the integrity of Natura 2000 sites in neighbouring authorities.

2.45 Consideration of 'In combination' impacts with other plans and projects was not required in reaching this screening determination as on page 24 of Appropriate Assessment of Plans (2006) by Levett-Therivel Sustainability Consultants et al. it is advised that:

'If the plan plus existing trends alone are unlikely to significantly affect a site, then the effects of other plans and projects do not need to be considered.'

2.46 The following Natura 2000 sites however, were included in the screening assessment for adverse impact against the emerging County Durham Plan:

Durham Coast SAC Castle Eden Dene SAC

17 Available on the Council's website at: http://durhamcc-consult.limehouse.co.uk/portal/planning/lp/hra_cdp_po

16 Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options Methodology 2

Thrislington SAC Moorhouse and Upper Teesdale SAC North Pennine Dales Meadows SAC North Pennine Moors SAC North Pennine Moors SPA Northumbria Coast SPA, Ramsar and EMS Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast SPA, Ramsar and EMS

2.47 The above sites were considered more likely to be directly affected via pathways of impact associated with the Local Plan. As such 'in combination' effects were taken into account.

2.48 A description of each of the sites selected for screening and the results of the screening assessment of the Local Plan Preferred Options is outlined in Section 4 of this report.

Functional Land

2.49 In addition to the Natura 2000 sites to be subject to the screening assessment it was also considered important to consider impacts on functional land. Functional land is essentially land that forms an essential part of a species lifecycle, i.e. land used for roosting, foraging or shelter but not necessarily designated or protected.

2.50 In 2009 a mapping exercise was undertaken to map areas of particular importance for sensitive bird species within Stockton and five former County Durham districts; namely Wear Valley, Teesdale, Easington and Sedgefield.(18)The aim of the mapping exercise was to produce a concise database to help identify impacts of development on sensitive bird species. The international, national and County colour coded areas within the figures 4 and 5 showing valued land areas and flightpaths for sensitive birds are essentially areas of functional land that were considered throughout the screening assessment in relation to potential impact on North Pennine Moors SPA, Northumbria Coast SPA and Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast SPA.

18 E3 Ecology Ltd: Mapping Sensitive areas for birds within Stockton and Five Districts of County Durham (2009)

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 17 2 Methodology

Figure 4 Sensitive Bird Areas - County Durham and Stockton - Bird Value

18 Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options Methodology 2

Figure 5 Sensitive Bird Areas - County Durham and Stockton - Flightpath

2.51 In addition to the Mapping Sensitive Areas for Birds report, Durham County Council commissioned an investigation into over-wintering waterbird activity along the Durham coast. (19)(20)The investigation was carried out during the winter of 2011/12 and identified areas or locations which are used by waterbirds for either / or low and high tide feeding and high tide roosting as well as important offshore feeding and roosting areas.

2.52 The results of the study were used to inform the screening assessment work undertaken from April 2012 onwards and provided evidence to support the subsequent appropriate assessment stages.

2.53 It was not considered possible to undertake a similar study relating to the North Pennine Moors SPA due to the large area of this site.

Trends and other Plans and Projects

2.54 Even where the Local Plan on its own may not have a significant impact on a Natura 2000 site, there is the potential for it to have a significant 'in combination' impact with other trends, plans and projects. 'In combination' is taken to refer to the sum of influences acting on sites from all plans and projects in the context of prevailing environmental conditions. The assessment process therefore took account of reasonably foreseeable impacts arising from both plans and projects and background environmental changes or trends (e.g. sea-level rise as a result of climate change).

19 Cadwallender, T, M, 2012 A Study of Over-wintering Waterbirds of the Durham Coast - December 2011-March 2012 Cadwallender Consultancy 20 Available on the Council's website at: http://durhamcc-consult.limehouse.co.uk/portal/planning/lp/hra_cdp_po

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 19 2 Methodology

Underlying Environmental Trends

2.55 The below box summarises the key environmental trends identified in the Sustainability Appraisal Scoping Report for County Durham. (21)

Transport:

Car use within the County is growing with 72% of people in the County using a car to get to work compared to a national average of 62%. The network of cycling and walking routes in the County is a significant resource for recreation and local utility journeys. Cycling trips at the 5 monitoring sites in the County showed a 5% increase in trips between 2003/04 and 2005/06. 8 more monitoring sites were added in 2006 and these have recorded a 6.5% increase in the number of trips between 2006/07 and 2007/08

Air:

Air quality across the County is generally good, with a few hotspots linked to traffic congestion around Durham City where air pollution standard levels are breached at peak times.

Land/Landscape:

Significant areas of potentially contaminated land remain in the County

Agricultural land quality is lower in County Durham than in the North East region and England as a whole. However this overall statement masks significant differences within the county. The upland areas of the Pennines generally have very poor agricultural land quality, but the Tees and Wear Lowlands have substantial areas of very good quality, and much of the eastern part of the county has good land quality.

The majority of the western area of the county is nationally designated as part of the North Pennines Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and the eastern coastland has been defined nationally as a Heritage Coast. Management plans for these areas exist.

Water:

Durham is a net exporter of water and is classified as ‘low water stressed’. Durham’s residents use roughly as much water per person as the national average, but this is still 15% above target levels.

Water quality of rivers, streams ponds and lakes vary but most will not meet the demanding Water Framework Directive targets by 2015. Mine water pollution from disused shafts and leaching of contaminants from mine spoil and old landfill and industrial sites have historically been a problem. Along with the overflowing of sewerage systems, they remain a threat to the quality of surface, ground and sea waters

Meteorology:

21 EDAW: County Durham - Sustainability Appraisal Scoping Report (May 2009)

20 Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options Methodology 2

Temperature - The average temperature across the County is 15oc in July/August (2oc below the UK average), and between 3oc and 40c in January/February (around the UK average). Generally temperatures are highest near the coast and fall inland, due to the influence of the sea and increasing altitude.

Rainfall - County Durham is one of the driest counties in England as it is sheltered by some of the highest peaks in the Cumbrian Fells and North Pennines. A major influence on rainfall is altitude, with the west of the County being much wetter than the east. Rainfall in the west of the County averages over 1200 mm per annum compared to less than 700 mm per annum in the central part of the County.

Around 60% of the winds affecting the County come from the south west and carry warm air. Less frequent north-easterly air streams are associated with much colder air and generally occur in the winter. As can be expected wind speeds are higher in the high Pennines and on the coast. In the summer, sea breezes can penetrate inland via the river valleys. Winter can be prolonged by the influence of continental high pressure systems which bring northerly winds.

Climate Change:

Annual rainfall is projected to reduce throughout County Durham by around 4% - 5%. Weardale and the upland areas of the catchment receive the highest amounts of rainfall within the sub-region, with the lowland areas receiving slightly more than the coast. Future rainfall will become increasingly seasonal with an increase in winter rainfall of around 8% and a reduction in summer rainfall of around 29% in the uplands.

Extreme rainfall events could increase by up to around 20% in some areas

Average seasonal temperatures will increase, with a region-wide annual average daily temperature change of around 1.8°C. The smallest seasonal increase will occur during winter (around 1.3°C), followed by spring (around 1.6°C), with summer an autumn showing increases of around 2.0°C. Summer increases will peak at around 2.2°C in inland locations. There will be fewer frost days.

The annual average daily maximum temperature will increase by around 1.9°C across County Durham. The summer shows the greatest increase in average daily maximum temperature of up to around 2.5°C. The average daily minimum temperature shows an annual increase of up to around 1.7°C, with the greatest increases (up to around 2.1°C) occurring during autumn.

Extreme hot temperatures will increase by around 3oC. Summer daily average temperatures reaching close to 25°C will become more normal in many parts of the region. Heatwaves – defined as events at or above 28oC - are likely to occur more frequently.

There is projected to be a major reduction in winter snowfall, of around 45% to 83% across the region

Mean sea levels will increase by about 0.3 metres uniformly across the region’s coastline. Sea surge levels will increase by about 0.30 to 0.35 metres.

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 21 2 Methodology

The County has significant sinks of carbon dioxide locked into peat in the blanket bogs of the North Pennines. The drainage and drying out of these blanket bogs results in significant volumes of greenhouse gases being released to the atmosphere, with potential to cancel out emissions reductions through energy efficiency measures.

Some areas of County Durham are constrained by flood risk, notably Durham City, central Durham, central and eastern Chester-le-Street, the Durham coast, south-east of Newton Aycliffe, parts of Bishop Auckland, south-east Willington, and parts of Teesdale. Flooding events and severity of flooding is likely to increase.

Minerals:

The County contains nationally and regionally important minerals resources including magnesian limestone, carboniferous limestone, dolerite, sand and gravel, coal, brick making raw materials, natural building and roofing stone and vein minerals. Without the continued extraction of a range of minerals it would be very difficult for the construction and building industry to deliver the new housing and employment developments

Waste:

Household waste generation per household in County Durham is 5% higher than the national average. Significantly less waste in the county is recycled, composted or used for energy production than the national average, and significantly more is landfilled. This conflicts with the ‘waste hierarchy’.

Energy:

Most of County Durham’s renewable energy is in the form of wind power. The 2010 target set for the county in the Regional Renewable Energy Strategy was met in 2009.

Biodiversity:

Only 17% of SSSIs in the county are in favourable condition, compared with more than 50% nationally. County Durham will not meet national SSSI targets. The County Durham Plan should aim to control and manage tourism impacts in the moorlands (disturbance, erosion etc.). A particular issue in the Pennines is that of trackways established for grouse shooting or wind farms. Historically, poorly planned built development along with agriculture, quarrying and opencast has contributed to the loss of important habitat and populations of key species – including protected species. Climate change will bring new or increase existing threats to some habitats and species, and the most valuable habitats in the North Pennines and on the coast are particularly vulnerable.

2.56 In terms of trends specific to the Natura 2000 sites included in the screening assessment, site vulnerabilities are detailed in Section 5. Further to this the component SSSI's condition status (2012) relevant to each Natura 2000 site is detailed in Appendix B and summarised in Section 5. However, a cautionary view has been taken in relation to the condition assessment as the features of importance for Natura 2000 sites may not be the sole features of interest of the component SSSI. Therefore, this information was regarded as indicative only.

22 Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options Methodology 2

2.57 Specific information was also attained in relation to air pollutants affecting Natura 2000 sites. Despite air quality generally being good in County Durham, with the exception of part of Durham City where it has been necessary to declare an Air Quality Management Area, air pollution is cited as a vulnerability of the majority of the Natura 2000 sites that were considered.

2.58 In the UK, the Air Pollution Information System (APIS) provides the comprehensive source of information on pollution and its impact on habitats and species. APIS has been developed by JNCC (Joint Nature Conservation Committee), the country conservation agencies, the UK environment agencies and the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology. It provides site specific information on deposition and critical loads. Information was gained on air pollutants affecting Natura 2000 site from APIS in 2011 and again in 2012 and is presented in section 5 of this report and summarised below.

Air Pollution

2.59 Information gained from APIS identified that in County Durham all Natura 2000 sites vulnerable to changes to air pollution in County Durham currently exceed the critical load for Nitrogen deposition, with acid deposition also a problem at Castle Eden Dene SAC, Moor House-Upper Teesdale SAC, and the North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA.

2.60 Nitrogen deposition is likely to increase as a result of increased traffic linked to minerals and waste working, new housing, office, industrial and retail development. Within a ‘typical’ housing development, by far the largest contribution to NOx (92%) will be made by the associated road traffic. Other sources, although relevant, are of minor importance (8%) in comparison. In particular an increase in vehicle emissions as a result of traffic growth on the A19 due to development in the east of the County was considered likely.

2.61 The EU has been tightening emission standards on new vehicles through various phased Euro standards. However, the “lab based” theoretical improvements have not translated into the real world situation in the UK. Higher vehicles number on the UK roads and the level of congestion means that the cars are performing worse in terms of national emissions than had been calculated(22).

2.62 APIS data was taken into account throughout the screening assessment. The implications of the information was that it was considered unlikely that development which has the potential to increase traffic volumes within 200 metres (23) of Natura 2000 sites could be screened out. Any increase in vehicle emissions, however small to sites where critical thresholds in certain air pollutants have been exceeded were considered as having a significant impact on site integrity.

2.63 In addition to the contribution to local air quality issues, development can also contribute cumulatively to an overall deterioration in background air quality across an entire region. However, in July 2006, when this issue was raised by Runnymede Borough Council in the South East, Natural England advised that their local development plan can only be concerned with locally emitted and short range locally acting pollutants, as this is the only scale which falls within a local authority's remit. In the light of this, it is considered reasonable to conclude that it is the responsibility of higher-tier plans to set a policy framework for addressing the cumulative diffuse plan-authority air quality impacts, partly because such impacts stem from the overall quantum of development within a region. Taking this into consideration, diffuse air quality issues will not therefore be considered further within this report.

22 Bareham: Changes to reducing the threat of nitrogen deposition to the Natura 2000 network across the UK and Europe (2011) 23 200 metres is Natural England's accepted distance below which air pollution from vehicle emissions is likely to be an issue

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 23 2 Methodology

Other Plans and Projects

2.64 The list below details other plans and projects that have been reviewed for potential 'in combination' effects on Natura 2000 sites alongside the emerging Local Plan. This list was reviewed as new plans and projects emerged over the development of the Local Plan. The Interim Habitat Regulations Screening Report (at Appendix C) provides further detail on each of the plans/projects reviewed. Table 2 identifies those that are likely to contribute to in combination impacts and which Natura 2000 site these impacts relate to. A plan/project may have only a small additional impact, but this could be the 'straw that breaks the camel's back' in terms of impacting upon the integrity of a Natura 2000 site.

Eden District Council Core Strategy Development Plan Document Eden Housing Development Plan Document Eden Primary Development Management Policies Development Plan Document Cumbria Wind Energy Supplementary Planning Document Cumbria Minerals and Waste Development Framework Core Strategy Cumbria Minerals and Waste Development Framework Generic Development Control Policies Cumbria Site Allocations Policies and Proposals Map Moving Cumbria Forward, Cumbria Transport Plan 2011-2026 Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority Saved Local Plan Policies Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority Minerals and Waste Local Plan Saved Policies Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority Housing Development Plan Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority Core Strategy Richmondshire District Council Local Development Framework Core Strategy Richmondshire District Council Area Action Plan for Colburn, Scotton and Hipswell, including Catterick Garrison Richmondshire District Council Facilitating Development Document North Yorkshire County Council Minerals Strategy North Yorkshire County Council Waste Core Strategy North Yorkshire County Council Minerals and Waste Site Allocations and Development Plan Policies North Yorkshire County Council Local Transport Plan Three 2011-2016 Darlington Borough Council Core Strategy Development Plan Document Darlington Borough Council Making Places Development Plan Document Darlington Borough Council Eastern Town Centre Fringe Area Action Plan Development Plan Document Darlington Borough Council Third Local Transport Plan Stockton on Tees Borough Council Core Strategy Stockton Borough Council Environment Development Plan Document Stockton on Tees Borough Council Regeneration Development Plan Document Hartlepool Borough Council Core Strategy Submission Draft 2012 Hartlepool Borough Council Local Transport Plan 3 Middlesbrough Borough Council Core Strategy 2008-2023 Middlesbrough Borough Council Regeneration Development Plan Document Middlesbrough Borough Council Environment Development Plan Document Middlesbrough Borough Council Local Transport Plan Three 2011-2016 Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council Core Strategy 2007-2011 Tees Valley Joint Minerals and Waste Development Plan Documents Core Strategy 2011-2026 Tees Valley Joint Minerals and Waste Development Plan Documents Policies and Sites Development Plan Document 2011-2026

24 Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options Methodology 2

Sunderland City Council Core Strategy Preferred Options 2007 Sunderland City Council Allocations Development Plan Document Sunderland City Council Marine Walk Masterplan Sunderland City Council Seaburn Masterplan South Tyneside Core Strategy 2006 North Tyneside Core Strategy North Tyneside Council Coastal Area Action Plan NewcastleGateshead: One Core Strategy 2030 NewcastleGateshead: Urban Core Area Action Plan Tyne and Wear Local Transport Plan Three 2011-2021 and associated Delivery Plan 2011-2014 Northumberland Core Strategy Shoreline Management Plan 2 North East Coast - River Tyne to Flamborough Head Durham Heritage Coast Management Plan Durham County Council Local Transport Plan 3 Paths for People, Rights of Way Improvement Plan for County Durham 2011-2014 River Basin Management Plan - Northumbria River Basin District 2009 Wear Catchment Flood Management Plan 2009 Tees Catchment Flood Management Plan 2009 North Pennines AONB Management Plan 2009-2014 Durham County Council Regeneration Statement 2010 County Durham Economic Strategy 2008-2013 North Eastern Low Carbon Enterprise Zone Proposal County Durham Area Tourism Management Plan 2010 Tourism Destination Plan for Barnard Castle 2009 Tourism Destination Plan for Stanhope 2009 Tourism Destination Plan for Seaham 2009 North East England Regional Renewable Energy Strategy 2005 Housing Strategy for County Durham 2010-2015 County Durham Infrastructure Delivery Plan English Coastal Path Project - Durham Stretch

2.65 Of the plans/projects listed in Table 2, those that are considered to have the potential to act 'in combination' with the Local Plan in terms of impacts on Natura 2000 sites are presented below:

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 25 2 Methodology

Table 2 Other Plans/Projects contributing to 'In Combination' Effects

Natura 2000 Site Potential 'In Combination' Impact Contributing Plan/Project

Castle Eden Dene SAC Increase in traffic on the A19 passing Stockton on Tees Borough Council Core the site leading to a deterioration in air Strategy quality affecting qualifying species Hartlepool Borough Council Core Strategy Submission Draft 2012 Middlesbrough Borough Council Core Strategy 2008-2023 Middlesbrough Borough Council Regeneration Development Plan Document Sunderland City Council Core Strategy Preferred Options 2007 Sunderland City Council Allocations DPD South Tyneside Core Strategy 2006 Newcastle Gateshead: One Core Strategy 2030 Tyne and Wear Local Transport Plan 3 2011-2021 and associated Delivery Plan 2011-2014

County Durham Economic Strategy 2008-2013

County Durham Area Tourism Management Plan 2010

Tourism Destination Plan for Seaham 2009

Teesmouth and Increased disturbance as a result of Stockton on Tees Borough Council Core Cleveland Coast increased populations/leisure, tourism Strategy SPA/Ramsar and recreation development Hartlepool Borough Council Core Strategy Submission Draft 2012 Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council Core Strategy 2007-2021 English Coastal Path Project

Teesmouth and Increased disturbance as a result of Tees Valley Joint Minerals and Waste Cleveland Coast minerals and waste development Development Plan Documents Core SPA/Ramsar Strategy 2011-2026 Tees Valley Joint Minerals and Waste Development Plan Documents Policies and Sites DPD 2011-2026

Teesmouth and Impacts on water quality and hydrology Stockton on Tees Borough Council Core Cleveland Coast Strategy SPA/Ramsar Middlesbrough Borough Council Core Strategy 2008-2023 Middlesbrough Borough Council Regeneration Development Plan Document Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council Core Strategy 2007-2021

North Pennine Moors Increased disturbance as a result of North Yorkshire County Council Minerals SPA minerals and waste development and and Waste Site Allocations and recreational impacts Development Plan Policies County Durham Economic Strategy 2008-2013 County Durham Area Tourism Management Plan 2010

26 Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options Methodology 2

Natura 2000 Site Potential 'In Combination' Impact Contributing Plan/Project

Tourism Destination Plan for Stanhope 2009 County Durham Infrastructure Delivery Plan

North Pennine Moors Potential Increased trampling of habitat County Durham Area Tourism SAC Management Plan 2010 Tourism Destination Plan for Stanhope 2009 County Durham Infrastructure Delivery Plan

Moor House Upper Potential Increased trampling of habitat County Durham Area Tourism Teesdale SAC Management Plan 2010 Tourism Destination Plan for Stanhope 2009 County Durham Infrastructure Delivery Plan

Northumbria Coast Increased disturbance as a result of Sunderland City Council Core Strategy SPA/Ramsar increased populations/leisure, tourism Preferred Options 2007 and recreation development Sunderland City Council Allocations DPD South Tyneside Core Strategy 2006 North Tyneside Core Strategy North Tyneside Council Coastal Area Action Plan Durham Heritage Coast Management Plan 2005-2010 Durham County Council Local Transport Plan 3 2011 Paths for People, Rights of Way Improvement Plan for County Durham 2011-2014 County Durham Area Tourism Management Plan 2010 Tourism Destination Plan for Seaham 2009 County Durham Infrastructure Delivery Plan English Coastal Path Project

Durham Coast SAC Potential increased trampling of habitat Durham County Council Local Transport Plan 3 2011 Paths for People, Rights of Way Improvement Plan for County Durham 2011-2014 County Durham Area Tourism Management Plan 2010 County Durham Infrastructure Delivery Plan English Coastal Path Project

Durham Coast SAC Impacts on water quality and hydrology Durham County Council Local Transport Plan 3 2011 Hartlepool Borough Council Core Strategy Submission Draft 2012

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 27 2 Methodology

Natura 2000 Site Potential 'In Combination' Impact Contributing Plan/Project

Functional land for North Impact on flightpaths or alternative North East England Regional Renewable Pennine Moors SPA breeding, nesting and feeding sites of Energy Strategy 2005 (North East species qualifying species Assemby, TNEI) County Durham Infrastructure Delivery Plan

28 Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options Overview and Outcomes of Interim Screening Stages 3

3.1 The Interim Habitat Regulations Screening Report concluded that likely significant impacts to Natura 2000 sites as a result of the emerging Local Plan in combination with other plans and projects could not be screened out. Natural England confirmed that they agreed with this conclusion in March 2012. The potential impacts of the emerging Local Plan were identified and are summarised in Table 3.

Table 3 Potential Impacts that Cannot be Screened Out

Natura 2000 Site Potential Impact

Durham Coast SAC Increased traffic on the B1283, A1086 and A182 as a result of increased housing, retail and employment growth in the East of the County. Increased recreational impacts (trampling of habitat etc); possibility of increase in invasive species (Hottentot Fig for example); changes to water quality and hydrology as a result of increased surface water run off.

Northumbria Coast SPA, Ramsar and Increase in predatory species; increase in species disturbance as a result of EMS increased recreation levels; dependent on location some developments may reduce habitat in terms of feeding, breeding and roosting sites and may restrict species movement and migration. Range of potential impacts relating to renewable energy schemes.

Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast SPA, Increase in predatory species; increase in species disturbance as a result of Ramsar and EMS increased recreation levels; dependent on location some developments may reduce habitat in terms of feeding, breeding and roosting sites and may restrict species movement and migration. Range of potential impacts relating to renewable energy schemes.

Castle Eden Dene SAC Increased traffic on the A19 as a result of housing and employment growth. (Castle Eden Dene is currently exceeding critical thresholds in respect of nitrogen deposition); potential water quality impacts from increased run off from development; increased recreational impacts and threat of invasive species.

Thrislington SAC Increased traffic on local roads within 200 metres of SAC (site is currently exceeding critical thresholds in respect of nitrogen deposition); increased recreational impacts (nitrification of site and habitat trampling); Potential hydrological impacts of development on the magnesian limestone aquifer

Moor House Upper Teesdale SAC Increased traffic on local roads within 200 metres of SAC (site is currently exceeding critical thresholds in respect of nitrogen deposition); Potential increased water abstraction from boreholes affecting hydrology; potential for increased recreational impacts (trampling of habitat, erosion of soils).

North Pennine Dales Meadows SAC Increased traffic on local roads within 200 metres of SAC (site is currently exceeding critical thresholds in respect of nitrogen deposition); Potential increased water abstraction from boreholes affecting hydrology; potential for increased recreational impacts (trampling of habitat, erosion of soils).

North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA Increased traffic on local roads within 200 metres of SAC (site is currently exceeding critical thresholds in respect of nitrogen deposition); Potential increased water abstraction from boreholes affecting hydrology; potential for increased recreational impacts affecting both habitat and qualifying bird species. Potential for disturbance to qualifying bird species from renewable energy schemes.

3.2 Following this conclusion it was considered that stage 2 of the Habitat Regulations Assessment (Appropriate Assessment) would be required in relation to proposals within the County Durham Local Plan. At the time, Appropriate Assessment was deemed necessary to address the likely increase in recreational pressure and predatory species as a result of new development (particularly housing) as well as the likely increase in nitrogen deposition as a result of increased road traffic.

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 29 3 Overview and Outcomes of Interim Screening Stages

3.3 The next phase of the process was therefore to commence work on addressing issues which were considered likely to require appropriate assessment. Further screening work of all the draft Preferred Options, which included strategic policies and allocations, was also carried out as they developed.

3.4 Alongside this work it was also essential that the Minerals Bridging Assessment was concluded in order to inform the screening and Appropriate Assessment of the Local Plan. Work to compile the minerals bridging assessment began in September 2011 following advice received from Natural England. However, due to the number of mineral sites within County Durham and other work commitments, the assessment was not complete in time for the February 2012 consultation on the Interim Habitat Regulations Screening Report. The purpose and outcomes of the Bridging Assessment are therefore detailed in full below.

Minerals Bridging Assessment

3.5 Some active and inactive /dormant mineral sites in County Durham were granted planning permission prior to the designation of Natura 2000 sites. As a result a review of existing decisions and consents is required under Regulations 63 and 64 of the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010 to establish whether current or potential future operation of these sites are likely to impact on features of qualifying interest of Natura 2000 Sites. A regulation 61 Review is also required prior to any consent for working being issued.

3.6 In order to review existing consents an appropriate assessment of the implications for the site in view of the sites conservation objectives must be made. For sites in County Durham this review will be undertaken at the same time as the Review of planning permission under the provisions of the Environment Act 1995, (the Review) or earlier if a new planning application is submitted to the authority.

3.7 As not all sites are due a Review prior to the anticipated adoption date of the Local Plan a bridging assessment was required to ensure that sites selected and relied upon to meet minerals planning policy do not contravene the Habitats Directive. The bridging assessment establishes which sites are likely to pose a risk to Natura 2000 sites and therefore which sites are required to be subject to the further appropriate assessment stage alongside the Review.

3.8 The first task to undertake as part of the bridging assessment was to decide which quarry sites need to be screened for impact. Appendix C lists all sites within County Durham with extant planning permissions, new sites where members have resolved to grant planning permission but not yet issued and those identified by the Local Plan as strategic sites. Appendix C provides justification for the inclusion or exclusion of sites from the bridging assessment. It was considered necessary to include some inactive and dormant sites in the bridging assessment even though re-commencement of working may not take place at these sites. Table 4 identifies sites that were included and Figure 6 shows their respective locations:

Table 4 Sites included in the bridging assessment

Site Name Mineral Status

Eldon Brick Shale Active

Long Lane (Todhills) Brick Shale, clay and coal Active

Active site and strategic site extension proposal

30 Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options Overview and Outcomes of Interim Screening Stages 3

Site Name Mineral Status

Birtley Quarry (Union Brickworks) Brick Clay Active

Heights Quarry Carboniferous Limestone Active

Active site and strategic site extension proposal

Broadwood Quarry Carboniferous Limestone Active

Hulands Carboniferous Limestone Active

Harrowbank and Asby Bank Carboniferous Limestone Inactive, new proposals submitted but determination suspended

Kilmond Wood Carboniferous Limestone Inactive

Bollihope (Jopler Sykes) Carboniferous Limestone Dormant

Bollihope L20 Carboniferous Limestone Dormant

Bollihope L21 Carboniferous Limestone Dormant

Carriers Hill Carboniferous Limestone Dormant

Greenfield Carboniferous Limestone Dormant

Parson Byers Carboniferous Limestone Dormant

Puddingthorn Carboniferous Limestone Dormant

Scutterhill Carboniferous Limestone Dormant

Side Head Carboniferous Limestone Dormant

White Hills Carboniferous Limestone Dormant

Bishop Middleham Magnesian Limestone Active

Raisby (Coxhoe Quarry) Magnesian Limestone Active

Witch Hill Magnesian Limestone Inactive

Crime Rigg Magnesian Limestone and Sand Active

Thrislington Magnesian Limestone, Sand and Dolomite Active

Active site and eastern extension

Old Quarrington and Cold Knuckles Magnesian Limestone and Sand Active

Hawthorn Magnesian Limestone Inactive, new proposals submitted but determination suspended

West Cornforth Magnesian Limestone Inactive

East Cornforth Magnesian Limestone Inactive

Cat Castle Natural Building and Roofing Stone Active

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 31 3 Overview and Outcomes of Interim Screening Stages

Site Name Mineral Status

Dead Friars Natural Building and Roofing Stone Active

Dunhouse Natural Building and Roofing Stone Active

Lingberry Natural Building and Roofing Stone Active

Shipley Banks Natural Building and Roofing Stone Active

Windy Hill Natural Building and Roofing Stone Active

Harthope Head Ganister site but is being worked for the Active extraction of natural building and roofing stone

Force Garth Dolerite (Whinstone) Active

Crossthwaite Dolerite (Whinstone) Dormant

Greenfoot Dolerite (Whinstone) Dormant

Middleton Dolerite (Whinstone) Dormant

Park End Dolerite (Whinstone) Dormant

Hummerbeck Sand and Gravel Planning permission Issued in November 2011

Low Harperley Sand and Gravel New site - members have resolved to grant planning permission but not yet issued

32 Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options Overview and Outcomes of Interim Screening Stages 3

Figure 6 Map Showing Mineral Sites Included within Bridging Assessment

3.9 In order to determine the likely impact of mineral sites on qualifying species of Natura 2000 sites the following sources of information were used:

Durham County Council GIS Most up to date Durham County Council Mineral Site Monitoring Reports Environmental Statements for mineral sites where available Natural England SSSI 'buffer zones' criteria for Land Use Consultations Natural England, National Nature Reserve Management Plans (Thrislington, Castle Eden Dene and Moorhouse Upper Teesdale) Natural England, May 2012, component SSSI condition reports

3.10 Appendix D comprises the full screening assessment of mineral sites identified in Table 4. The results are summarised below in relation to each mineral type.

Brick Shale and Brick Clay

3.11 All active sites and sites required to ensure continuity of supply over the Local Plan period are unlikely to significantly affect the integrity of Natura 2000 sites.

Carboniferous Limestone

3.12 All active sites are unlikely to significantly affect the integrity of Natura 2000 sites. All dormant sites and inactive sites with the exception of Scutterhill Quarry and Side Head Quarry in Westgate have the potential to significantly affect the integrity of the North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA if working were to re-commence. The most direct impact types are likely to occur as a

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 33 3 Overview and Outcomes of Interim Screening Stages

result of re-commencement of works at the Bollihope Quarry sites which are located within the SAC and SPA and Harrowbank and Asby Bank, located directly adjacent to the North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA. The proposed Western Extension to Heights Quarry may impact upon qualifying species of the North Pennine Moors SPA as a result of disturbance to species caused by minerals working.

3.13 The impact types identified for each site with potential to adversely affect the integrity of the North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA are summarised in Table 5. An X within the table indicates which impact pathway the re-commencement of the site is likely to affect and where further information would be required to support an appropriate assessment required either when a Review is due or when new proposals are submitted (whichever is soonest).

Table 5 Carboniferous Limestone Sites and Impact Pathways Likely to be affected

Site Air Water Hydrology Habitat or species Habitat or Ability to Quality Quality destruction or species adapt to fragmentation disturbance climate change

Harrowbank and Asby X X X X X X Bank

Bollihope Sites X X X X X X

Carriers Hill X X X X X

Greenfield X X X X

Parson Byers X X X X X

Puddington X X X X

White Hills X X

Heights Quarry X

3.14 In summary, the reliance of the Local Plan on the continued working of active Carboniferous Limestone sites is unlikely to significantly affect the integrity of Natura 2000 sites. However, if additional permitted reserves are required over the Plan period and proposals come forward for existing dormant and inactive sites it is likely that information to support an appropriate assessment would be required for all sites with the exception of Scutterhill Quarry and Side Head Quarry. In association with the submission, additional information for Harrowbank and Asby Bank Quarry will be required to address all the issues identified within this bridging assessment. Provision of this information will enable Durham County Council to undertake an appropriate assessment of this site.

3.15 In respect of the proposed western extension to Heights Quarry, information was requested from the operator to support an appropriate assessment and is included within the supporting paper: Heights Quarry and Proposed Western Extension - Information to Inform Habitat Regulations Appropriate Assessment for North Pennine Moors SPA (24)

24 Available to view on the Council's website at http://durhamcc-consult.limehouse.co.uk/portal/planning/lp/hra_cdp_po

34 Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options Overview and Outcomes of Interim Screening Stages 3

Magnesian Limestone, Agricultural Lime, Basal Permian Sand and Dolomite

3.16 All active sites are unlikely to significantly affect the integrity of Natura 2000 sites. However, if the operator of Thrislington Quarry propose changes to the working method of the site over the Local Plan period it will be necessary to screen the new working methods for impact to adjacent Thrislington SAC and undertake appropriate assessment if required.

3.17 If further permitted reserves are required over the life of the Local Plan and existing inactive sites were to submit new proposals, it is unlikely that the re-commencement of works at both East and West Cornforth Quarries would significantly affect the integrity of Natura 2000 sites. However, due to the proximity of Hawthorn Quarry to Durham Coast SAC, and to identified high tide roost and low tide feeding areas of qualifying species of Northumbria Coast SPA it is not possible to screen this site out. In association with the submission of additional information for Hawthorn Quarry the applicant will be required to address all the issues identified within this bridging assessment. Provision of this information will enable Durham County Council to undertake an appropriate assessment of this site.

3.18 In summary, the reliance of the Local Plan on the continued working of active Magnesian Limestone quarries is unlikely to significantly affect the integrity of Natura 2000 sites. However, if production were to be increased at existing sites for any mineral type contained within existing magnesian limestone sites, leading to increased HGV movements on the A19 passing Castle Eden Dene SAC, mitigation measures would be required. Mitigation would be required to reduce the in-combination effects of increased air pollution to this site as a result of additional production from existing sites and increased housing, tourism and business growth in the East of the County. Mitigation could include the use of alternative haulage routes or alternative methods of freight transportation (i.e. rail). With the exception of Hawthorn Quarry, re-commencement of inactive Magnesian Limestone sites is unlikely to significantly affect the integrity of Natura 2000 sites.

Natural Building and Roofing Stone

3.19 With the exception of Harthope Head Quarry and Dead Friars Quarry, the continued working of active natural building and roofing stone quarries are unlikely to significantly affect the integrity of Natura 2000 sites. Harthope Head quarry is located within the North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA and Dead Friars Quarry is partially located within and surrounded by this SAC and SPA. Both sites have the the potential to affect site integrity by all identified pathway types. The Review is due for both Dead Friars Quarry and Harthope Head Quarry in 2013 prior to adoption of the Local Plan (expected 2014). Information will be required to address the issues identified within this bridging assessment in support of the reviews.

Dolerite

3.20 Force Garth Quarry is the only active site within County Durham and is located within Moor House Upper Teesdale SAC and the North Pennine Moors SPA. The periodic review of the permission under the Environment Act 1995 has been submitted but determination has been delayed due to the need to undertake appropriate assessment, under the Conservation of the Habitats and Species Regulations 2010.

3.21 Until the Review is determined it is advised that the County Durham Plan does not rely on the continued working of Force Garth Quarry to ensure continuity of dolerite supply. In terms of all existing dormant dolerite sites in County Durham, it is considered that all sites have the potential to significantly affect the integrity of Natura 2000 sites as the majority of sites are adjacent to the North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA and within close proximity to the North Pennine Dales Meadows

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 35 3 Overview and Outcomes of Interim Screening Stages

SAC. Applicants will be required to supply supporting information that addresses all the issues identified within this bridging assessment if proposals to re-commence work at these sites comes forward over the Plan period.

3.22 The impact types identified for each dormant site with potential to adversely affect the integrity of the North Pennine Dales Meadows SAC and / or the North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA are summarised in Table 6. An X within the table indicates which impact pathway the re-working of the site is most likely to affect.

Table 6 Dormant Dolerite Sites and Impact Pathways Likely to be affected

Site Air Water Hydrology Habitat or species Habitat or Ability to adapt Quality Quality destruction or species to climate fragmentation disturbance change

Crossthwaite X X X X X X

Greenfoot X X X X

Middleton X X X X X X

Park End X X X X X X

Fluvial Sand and Gravel

3.23 As a result of the bridging assessment it is considered unlikely that the resolution to grant planning permission to Low Harperley Quarry or a new scheme of working and restoration conditions being issued to Hummerbeck Quarry will significantly affect the integrity of Natura 2000 sites. It is not now considered likely that any additional permitted reserves of either basal permian or fluvial sand and gravel will be required over the life of the Local Plan.

Summary

3.24 To conclude this section, it can be seen that the Minerals Bridging Assessment has identified the following potential impacts in relation to Natura 2000 sites under consideration. Durham County Council's Spatial Policy Team were made aware of the potential impacts in advance of development of the minerals policies for the Preferred Options:

Table 7 Potential Impacts - Mineral Sites

Natura 2000 Site Potential Impact

Durham Coast SAC If the Local Plan supports the re-commencement of Hawthorn Quarry there is potential for adverse impacts to Durham Coast SAC as a result of potential changes to air quality. Dust, or particles falling onto plants can physically smother leaves affecting photosynthesis, respiration, transpiration and leaf temperature. There may also be toxicity issues and potential changes in pH. The re-commencement of Hawthorn Quarry if supported, could also impact upon surface and groundwater sources in terms of quality and quantity required by qualifying features of Durham Coast SAC.

Northumbria Coast SPA, Ramsar and The re-commencement of Hawthorn Quarry, if supported by the Local Plan EMS could potentially increase disturbance by way of blasting and vibration levels to qualifying bird species of Northumbria Coast SPA which have been identified as utilising high tide roost areas and low tide feeding areas 1km north and 2km south of the quarry. Coupled with natural retreat of the coastline, increased disturbance could impact on the ability of qualifying species to adapt to climate change (find new roost and inland feeding areas)

36 Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options Overview and Outcomes of Interim Screening Stages 3

Natura 2000 Site Potential Impact

Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast SPA, No impacts identified Ramsar and EMS

Castle Eden Dene SAC If the Local Plan supports increased productivity of active Magnesian Limestone quarries and re-commencement of Hawthorn Quarry there is potential as a result to increase traffic growth on the A19 (in combination with other growth proposals of the Local Plan and plans of neighbouring authorities). Castle Eden Dene SAC is within 200 metres of the A19 and is exceeding critical thresholds in respect of nitrogen deposition.

Thrislington SAC No impacts identified. However, if the operator of Thrislington Quarry propose changes to the working method of the site over the Local Plan period it will be necessary to screen the new working methods for impact to adjacent Thrislington SAC and undertake appropriate assessment if required.

Moor House Upper Teesdale SAC Potential for a range of impacts to the SAC linked to the working of Force Garth Quarry if supported by the Local Plan.

Extraction of dolerite from the proposed new working area of Force Garth Quarry would result in the loss of over 5ha land designated as part of Moor House Upper Teesdale SAC. Uncertainties also exist as to the impact of working of the existing permitted area and wider IDO (Interim Development Order) area on the SAC in terms of dust emissions and drainage of blanket bog.

Moor House Upper Teesdale SAC is within 200 metres of the B6277 and exceeding critical thresholds in respect of nitrogen deposition. Any increase in vehicle emissions as a result of increased productivity at Force Garth Quarry or as a result of re-commencement of Crossthwaite, Middleton and Park End Quarries is considered significant. These sites are also within 100 metres of Moor House Upper Teesdale SAC so there re-commencement could increase dust emissions to the SAC.

North Pennine Dales Meadows SAC Potential for adverse impacts as a result of changes to air quality to the SAC if the Local Plan supports the working of Force Garth Quarry and / or re-commencement of dormant dolerite sites.

The North Pennine Dales Meadows SAC is within 200 metres of the B6277 and exceeding critical thresholds in respect of nitrogen deposition. Any increase in vehicle emissions as a result of increased productivity at Force Garth Quarry or as a result in re-commencement of Crossthwaite, Middleton and Park End Quarries is considered significant. Crosthwaite and Park End Quarries are also within 100 metres of the North Pennine Dales Meadows SAC so there re-commencement could increase dust emissions to the SAC.

North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA A range of potential impacts have been identified to the North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA if the Local Plan supports the re-commencement of inactive and dormant Carboniferous Limestone sites. The potential impact pathways and quarry sites attributed are identified below:

Dust emissions - Harrowbank and Asby Bank Quarry, Bollihope Quarry

Vehicle emissions - Bollihope Quarry

Changes to surface and / or ground water quality - Harrowbank and Asby Bank Quarry, Bollihope Quarry, Carriers Hill Quarry, Greenfield Quarry, Parson Byers Quarry and Puddingthorn Quarry

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 37 3 Overview and Outcomes of Interim Screening Stages

Natura 2000 Site Potential Impact

Changes to hydrology - Harrowbank and Asby Bank Quarry, Bollihope Quarry, Carriers Hill Quarry, Greenfield Quarry, Parson Byers Quarry, Puddingthorn Quarry and Whitehills Quarry

Potential increased trampling of habitat as a result of PROW diversion - Harrobank and Asby Bank Quarry

Please note that changes to hydrology may increase the severity of climate change effects reducing the ability of qualifying habitats and species to adapt to climate change.

In terms of Natural Building and Roofing Stone quarries the working of Harthope Head Quarry and Dead Friars Quarry if supported by the Local Plan have the potential to cause adverse effects through all identified pathways as these sites are either within or partially within the SAC.

North Pennine Moors SPA The following quarry sites have the potential to disturb qualifying SPA species as a result of blasting and vibration:

Proposed Western Extension to Heights Quarry (Carboniferous Limestone - Allocated Site)

Harrowbank and Asby Bank Quarry (Carboniferous Limestone)

Bollihope Quarry (Carboniferous Limestone)

Carriers Hill Quarry (Carboniferous Limestone)

Parson Byers Quarry (Carboniferous Limestone)

Force Garth Quarry (Dolerite)

Park End Quarry (Dolerite)

Crossthwaite Quarry(Dolerite)

Middelton Quarry(Dolerite)

Harthope Head Quarry (Natural Building and Roofing Stone)

Dead Friars Quarry (Natural Building and Roofing Stone)

38 Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options Policies Screened into the Appropriate Assessment Stage 4

4.1 Following screening at the interim stages of Local Plan development it was necessary to screen the draft Preferred Options as they emerged. Screening of the Preferred Options commenced in April 2012. All policies and allocations included in the draft Local Plan were screened for potential impact to Natura 2000 sites. The only policies and associated allocations that could be screened out at the start were:

Policy 1: Sustainable Development Policy 8: Western Relief Road Policy 9: Northern Relief Road Policy 13: Green Belt Policy 16: Development on Unallocated Sites Policy 17: Sustainable Design in the Built Environment Policy 18: Local Amenity Policy 19: Air Quality and Light Pollution Policy 21: Renewable Energy Development Policy 22: Wind Turbine Development Policy 29: Existing Housing Commitments Policy 31: Addressing Housing Needs Policy 32: Housing Exceptions Policy 34: Type and Mix of Housing Policy 36: Development in the Countryside Policy 37: North Pennines Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty Policy 39: Landscape Character Policy 40: Trees, Woodlands and Hedges Policy 42: International Wildlife Sites Policy 45: Durham Cathedral and Castle World Heritage Site Policy 47: Promoting Sustainable Travel Policy 49: Utilities, Telecommunications and other Broadband Infrastructure Policy 50: Sewage and Waste Water Infrastructure Policy 51: Sustainable Minerals and Waste Resource Management Policy 52: Safeguarding Minerals Related Infrastructure and Waste Management Sites Policy 55: Brick Making Raw Materials Policy 56: Surface Mined Coal and Fireclay Policy 58: Safeguarding Mineral Resources Policy 60: Strategic Area of Search to the South of Todhills Brickworks Policy 61: Waste Management Provision Policy 62: Location of New Waste Facilities Policy 63: Landfill and Landraising

4.2 It was considered possible to screen the above policies and allocations out for the following reasons:

They have no influence over the quantum or location of development, but rather over its use or other aspects such as design standards or protection of assets. For example, the Addressing Housing Needs policy affects the affordability of housing and proportion that is built specifically to meet the needs of older persons and those with specialist needs through the Local Plan, but plays no role in governing the quantum or location of that housing; or The policy has built in safeguards which ensure that Natura 2000 sites will be protected from development that may come forward over the Local Plan period; or

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 39 4 Policies Screened into the Appropriate Assessment Stage

The policy should help to provide mitigation or added protection to Natura 2000 sites which may help address potential adverse impacts of the Local Plan; or The policy can be screened out based on previous screening assessment results. This largely relates to policies which are site specific.

4.3 The screened out policies and allocations can also be categorised in the following way:

Table 8 Summary of Reasoning behind Screening Policies out

No Influence over Quantum Adequate Safeguards Provides Potential Screened out or Location of Development Incorporated Mitigation or Additional Based on Layer of Protection Previous Screening Assessment Outcomes

Policy 1: Sustainable Policy 16: Development on Policy 19: Air Quality and Policy 8: Western Development Unallocated Sites Light Pollution Relief Road

Policy 13: Green Belt Policy 21: Renewable Energy Policy 37: North Pennines Policy 9: Northern Development Area of Outstanding Relief Road Natural Beauty

Policy 17: Sustainable Design Policy 22: Wind Turbine Policy 39: Landscape Policy 60: in the Built Environment Development Character Strategic Area of Search to the South of Todhills Brickworks

Policy 18: Local Amenity Policy 29: Existing Housing Policy 40: Trees, Commitments Woodlands and Hedges

Policy 31: Addressing Housing Policy 32: Housing Exceptions Policy 42: International Needs Wildlife Sites

Policy 34: Type and Mix of Policy 49: Utilities, Policy 47: Promoting Housing Telecommunications and other Sustainable Travel Broadband Infrastructure

Policy 36: Development in the Policy 55: Brick Making Raw Policy 50: Sewage and Countryside Materials Waste Water Infrastructure

Policy 45: Durham Cathedral Policy 56: Surface Mined Coal and Castle World Heritage Site and Fireclay

Policy 52: Safeguarding Policy 61: Waste Management Minerals Related Infrastructure Provision and Waste Management Sites

Policy 58: Safeguarding Policy 62: Location of New Mineral Resources Waste Facilities

Policy 63: Landfill and Landraising

4.4 As a result, the following policies could not be screened out and were subject to Appropriate Assessment; either because they promote development within County Durham or govern its distribution or they were not considered to incorporate adequate safeguards within the policy text:

40 Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options Policies Screened into the Appropriate Assessment Stage 4

Policy 2: Spatial Approach Policy 3: Quantity of New Development Policy 4: Distribution of New Development Policy 5: Durham City Policy 6: Aykley Heads Policy 7: Durham City Strategic Housing Sites Policy 10: Student Accommodation Policy 11: Other Strategic Housing Sites Policy 12: Executive Housing Policy 14: Major Developed Sites in the Greenbelt Policy 15: Neighbourhood Planning and Infrastructure Policy 20: Green Infrastructure Policy 23: General Employment Sites Policy 24: Specific Use Employment Sites Policy 25: Retail Allocations Policy 26: Retail Hierarchy and Development in Commercial Centres Policy 27: Tourist Attractions Policy 28: Tourist Accommodation Policy 30: Housing Land Allocations Policy 33: Sites for Travellers Policy 35: Density of Residential Development Policy 38: Durham Coast and Heritage Coast Policy 41: Biodiversity and Geodiversity Policy 43: Nationally and Locally Protected Sites and Species Policy 44: Historic Environment Policy 46: Water Environment Policy 48: Provision of New Transport Infrastructure Policy 53: Meeting the Need for Primary Aggregates Policy 54: High Grade Dolomite Policy 57: Natural Building and Roofing Stone Policy 59: Strategic Site Allocation West of Heights Quarry Policy 61: Waste Management Provision Policy 64: Developer Contributions

4.5 The screening opinion of all the draft policies is documented in Appendix E. Please note that the screening opinion of the draft policies and allocations relates to the initial draft of these policies. Subsequent changes have been made to policies and allocations as a result of HRA recommendations and other internal processes and consultation. The outcomes of which are document in Appendix H.

4.6 The next section considers the potential impacts of the draft policies that could not be screened out as well as the likely in combination effects from other plans and projects in relation to Natura 2000 sites.

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 41 5 Natura 2000 Sites

Northumbria Coast SPA and Ramsar

Introduction

5.1 Northumbria Coast SPA and Ramsar was designated in February 2000 and covers an area of approximately 1,108 hectares. The site comprises several discrete stretches of the coastline in North East England between Spittal in the north of Northumberland to Crimdon Dene in County Durham. The site consists of rocky shore with associated bolder and cobble beaches. These support a rich algal flora and associated fauna and form an important feeding area for wading birds. The areas of sandy beach within the site support a flora which includes Ammophila arenaria; marram and Honkenya peploides; sea sandwort . A diverse range of recreational activities takes place along the coast including walking, camping, sea angling, bird watching, water sports (water-skiing, sailing, windsurfing and canoeing) and general use of amenity beaches. As well as attracting a large number of day trippers, a sizable population of summer visitors stay in caravan sites and other accommodation along the coast. The site also includes parts of three artificial pier structures and a small section of sandy beach

5.2 The designated stretches in Durham consist of approximately 55 hectares and broadly pertain to Seaham's coastal area and harbour in the north east of the County and the area of coastline between Blackhall Rocks and Crimdon Dene in the south east of the County. The habitat of the SPA is predominantly classified as Shingle, Sea Cliffs and Islets.

Qualifying Features

Calidris maritima aka Purple sandpiper (Non-breeding) Arenaria interpres aka Ruddy turnstone (Non breeding) Sterna albifrons aka Little tern (Breeding)

Conservation Objectives

5.3 Avoid the deterioration of the habitats of the qualifying features, and the significant disturbance of the qualifying features, ensuring the integrity of the site is maintained and the site makes a full contribution to achieving the aims of the Birds Directive.

5.4 Subject to natural change, to maintain or restore:

The extent and distribution of the habitats of the qualifying features; The structure and function of the habitats of the qualifying features; The supporting processes on which the habitats of the qualifying features rely; The populations of the qualifying features; The distribution of the qualifying features within the site

Condition Assessment

5.5 During the most recent Condition Assessment process, 62.80% of the component SSSI was classified as 'area favourable' and 37.20% was classified as 'area unfavourable recovering.' The status of the site has not changed between the condition assessments of 2011 and 2012 and no reason has been recorded for adverse condition.

Vulnerability

5.6 Little terns are vulnerable to disturbance by tourists in the summer causing reduced breeding success.

42 Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options Natura 2000 Sites 5

Key Environmental Conditions

5.7 The key environmental conditions required to support site integrity comprise the following:

Freedom from disturbance Extent and availability of habitat (no decrease) - breeding areas, feeding areas, roost sites Food availability (marine fish, crustaceans, worms and molluscs; epibenthic invertebrates amongst rolling seaweed; surface and sub surface invertebrates) Open landscape

Potential Effects of the Plan

Air Quality

5.8 A deterioration to air quality was not considered to be a potential impact pathway to Northumbria Coast SPA due to the nature of the SPA in respect of its qualifying features, habitat, vulnerabilities and key environmental conditions. The impact of the Local Plan on air quality affecting this site was therefore not considered.

Water Quality

5.9 Consideration was given to the impact of proposed housing growth over the Local Plan period on water quality which can affect food availability. Most Sewage Treatment Works in County Durham discharge waste waters into watercourses that ultimately drain to the River Wear or the River Tees. As such, any increase in housing in County Durham is highly likely to contribute to a potential deterioration in water quality due to a greater quantity of nutrient discharge.

5.10 However, this potential adverse effect was screened out given the distance of Northumbria Coast SPA from Wearmouth (over 6 and 19km south respectively). Avoiding adverse effects is also largely in the hands of Northumbrian Water Ltd (through their investment in future sewage treatment infrastructure) and the Environment Agency (through their role in consenting discharges). However, Durham County Council can also contribute through ensuring that sufficient wastewater treatment infrastructure is in place prior to development being delivered through the Local Plan. This issue is considered by Policy 50: Sewage and Waste Water Infrastructure.

5.11 Consideration was also given to the impact of minerals working (active and inactive sites) on the water quality of the River Wear. This impact was also screened out based upon the distances involved between active and inactive sites and Wearmouth and by the distance of Northumbria Coast SPA from Wearmouth. In addition to this, conditions relating to the protection of water quality are being complied with by all active mineral sites.

Hydrology

5.12 Changes to hydrological conditions were not considered to be a potential impact pathway to Northumbria Coast SPA due to the nature of the SPA in respect of its qualifying features, habitat, vulnerabilities and key environmental conditions. The impact of the Local Plan on hydrological systems in respect of this site were therefore not considered.

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 43 5 Natura 2000 Sites

Land Take

5.13 The impact of the Local Plan on land take was considered both in respect of direct land take from the SPA and of areas of land identified by the Bird Study (25) as functional land. Whilst, the proposed allocations and mineral sites relied upon will not result in land take it was considered the the Local Plan should include controls governing the location of development that may come forward over the Plan period.

Recreational Pressure

5.14 Given the potential for this site to be used for recreational activity we are unable to conclude that new housing within 10 miles of the SPA (approximately 12,300 new houses) or tourism development that encourages access to Durham's coast will not contribute cumulatively and in combination with other plans and projects to recreational pressure on this site to a damaging degree.

5.15 The 10 mile buffer zone was established through research presented in the supporting paper: Recreational and Urbanisation Impacts to define the recreational catchment of this area.

Urbanisation - Increased Predation

5.16 A large proportion of domestic cats are found in urban situations, and increasing urbanisation in the East of the County is likely to lead to increased cat predation. Increased populations within County Durham may also increase urban populations of rats and other predatory species such as foxes. Northumbria Coast SPA is physically separated from settlements by the Durham Coast Rail Line and may provide a robust barrier in terms of limiting predation levels. However, a precautionary approach to this matter has been taken and as a result no housing allocations within 400 metres of the SPA are being proposed by the Local Plan. (26)Whilst this measure is considered to provide adequate mitigation for the growth proposed by the Local Plan it does not control the potential cumulative effect of development coming forward over the Local Plan period. Further control measures are considered necessary.

Urbanisation - Invasive Species

5.17 An increase in invasive species was not considered to be a potential impact pathway to Northumbria Coast SPA due to the nature of the SPA in respect of its qualifying features, habitat, vulnerabilities and key environmental conditions. The impact of the Local Plan on invasive species affecting this site was therefore not considered.

Species Disturbance

5.18 In addition to species disturbance as a result of increased recreational pressure, consideration was given to the potential impact of noise and vibration levels to qualifying SPA species from minerals working required to meet Plan policy. Policy 53: Meeting the Need for Primary Aggregates and Policy 54: High Grade Dolomite do not exclude the potential re-commencement of inactive Magnesian Limestone Sites over the Local Plan period. As a result, the re-commencement of Hawthorn Quarry (27) was considered to have the potential to increase levels of disturbance to qualifying species utilising areas of functional land within the vicinity of this quarry site. This impact has the potential to result in cumulative effects in combination with disturbance of SPA species as a result of increased recreational pressure.

25 Cadwallender, T, M, 2012 A Study of Over-wintering Waterbirds of the Durham Coast - December 2011-March 2012 Cadwallender Consultancy 26 Turner and Meister (1988) found the mean range of cats to be 371 metres 27 This site would require the agreement of new working and restoration conditions prior to recommencement

44 Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options Natura 2000 Sites 5

5.19 The Local Plan does not provide for any allocations governing the location of renewable energy schemes that can also disturb qualifying species (and affect air quality in respect of biomass schemes). However, policies governing renewable energy development were considered to incorporate adequate safeguards to avoid adverse effects to the SPA over the Plan period.

Ability to Adapt to Climate Change

5.20 The Local Plan could give rise to adverse effects if it contributes further to coastal squeeze thereby reducing the available habitat for qualifying species. Available habitat is already subject to gradual loss as a result of natural coastal retreat and climate change. Recommendations were made throughout previous HRA stages of the local plan to safeguard the area of land between the coast and the Durham Coast Rail Line from development as a result. Whilst policy 38: Durham Coast and Heritage Coast is a restrictive policy, at the time of screening it was not considered possible to screen it out. The policy was not considered to provide adequate safeguards to Northumbria Coast SPA and suggested amendments were recommended as detailed in Appendix H. Amendments have been made to the policy as a result.

Screening Summary

5.21 Issues of water quality, land take, recreational pressure, increased predation, species disturbance and coastal squeeze have all been considered in relation to potential impacts of the Local Plan on Northumbria Coast SPA. At this stage, we cannot say that the Local Plan is unlikely to lead to significant adverse effects on the SPA as a result of increased recreational pressure, predation and species disturbance. These issues therefore require further investigation where necessary at the appropriate assessment stage and avoidance / mitigation measures will need to be developed. A summary of the policies considered likely to contribute to adverse effects is given in Table 9.

Table 9 Summary of Potential Impacts by Policy

Policy Potential impact identified

Policy 2: Spatial Approach Increased population - potential to increase recreational pressure and urbanisation effects (predatory species)

Policy 3: Quantity of New Increased population - potential to increase recreational pressure and Development urbanisation effects (predatory species)

Policy 4: Distribution of New Increased population - potential to increase recreational pressure and Development urbanisation effects (predatory species)

Policy 5: Durham City Increased population - potential to increase recreational pressure

Policy 7: Durham City Strategic Increased population - potential to increase recreational pressure Housing Sites

Policy 11: Other Strategic Housing Increased population - potential to increase recreational pressure Sites

Policy 12: Executive Housing Increased population - potential to increase recreational pressure

Policy 14: Major Developed Sites in Increased population - potential to increase recreational pressure the Greenbelt

Policy 15: Neighbourhood Planning As Neighbourhood Plans are required to propose growth over and above and Infrastructure that set out in the Local Plan there is potential for neighbourhood plans

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 45 5 Natura 2000 Sites

Policy Potential impact identified

to increase levels of growth and therefore recreational pressure and urbanisation / predatory effects.

Policy 20: Green Infrastructure Potential for negative effects if the type and design of green infrastructure within proximity to Natura 2000 sites is not compatible with qualifying species and/or supporting habitat. Provision of green infrastructure may indirectly increase recreational pressure to sites. Further potential for negative effects if alternative / diversion of PROW increases recreational pressure to sites.

Policy 24: Specific Use Employment A site of 72ha to the south of Seaham is allocated for the development of Sites a film studio and associated uses i.e. educational facilities, student accommodation, hotel and leisure needs. Potential to increase recreational pressure and urbanisation effects as a result (predatory species)

Policy 27: Tourist Attractions Policy is supportive of development that enhances the tourism potential of Durham's Heritage Coast - potential to increase recreational pressure.

Policy 28: Tourist Accommodation Potential to support accommodation e.g. Caravan sites in the vicinity of SPA or functional land - potential for land take (functional), increase in recreational pressure and urbanisation effects (predatory species)

Policy 30: Housing Land Allocations Increased population - potential to increase recreational pressure and urbanisation effects (predatory species)

Policy 33: Sites for Travellers Depending on whether new sites are required - locations may increase recreational pressure

Policy 35: Density of Residential Increased population - potential to increase recreational pressure and Development urbanisation effects (predatory effects)

Policy 38: Durham Coast and Potential to support development that improves access and enjoyment of Heritage Coast Durham's Heritage Coast

Policy 44: Historic Environment Potential to support development that promotes and increase access to heritage assets associated with Durham's Heritage Coast

Policy 48: Provision of New Policy makes reference to the new rail station at Peterlee / Horden which Transport Infrastructure could improve access to Durham's Heritage Coast and increase recreational pressure to Northumbria Coast SPA as a result.

Policy 53: Meeting the Need for Policy does not exclude the recommencement of inactive magnesian Primary Aggregates limestone sites. The potential recommencement of Hawthorn Quarry could cause disturbance to qualifying species utilising areas of functional land

Policy 54: High Grade Dolomite Policy does not exclude the recommencement of inactive magnesian limestone sites. The potential recommencement of Hawthorn Quarry could cause disturbance to qualifying species utilising areas of functional land

5.22 Other plans and projects considered to act in combination with the Local Plan in terms of increasing recreational pressure include:

Sunderland City Council Core Strategy Preferred Options 2007 Sunderland City Council Allocations DPD South Tyneside Core Strategy 2006 North Tyneside Core Strategy North Tyneside Council Coastal Area Action Plan Durham Heritage Coast Management Plan 2005-2010

46 Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options Natura 2000 Sites 5

Durham County Council Local Transport Plan 3 2011 Paths for People, Rights of Way Improvement Plan for County Durham 2011-2014 County Durham Area Tourism Management Plan 2010 Tourism Destination Plan for Seaham 2009 County Durham Infrastructure Delivery Plan English Coastal Path Project

Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast SPA and Ramsar

Introduction

5.23 Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast SPA and Ramsar was designated in August 1995 and covers an area of approximately 1,247 hectares. Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast comprises intertidal sand and mudflats, rocky shore, saltmarsh, freshwater marsh and sand dunes. The Tees Estuary has been much-modified by such activities as land-claim, construction of breakwaters and training walls, and deep dredging. The remaining intertidal areas within the estuary are composed of mud and sand, with some Enteromorpha beds in sheltered areas. Outside the estuary mouth, sandflats predominate, but with significant rocky foreshores and reefs at both Redcar and Hartlepool and anthropogenic boulder beds at South Gare. Moderately extensive sand dune systems flank the estuary mouth, while a smaller dune system lies north of Hartlepool. Surviving saltmarsh is very limited in extent. Behind the dunes and sea-defences a number of significant areas of grazing marsh are found.

5.24 The designated stretch within County Durham's administrative boundary is approximately 1km in length and covers an area of approximately 22 hectares. The are is located between Crimdon Dene and Hartlepool Borough Council's administrative boundary and predominantly consists of coastal sand dunes and sand beaches.

Qualifying Features

Calidris canutus; Red knot (Non-breeding) Tringa totanus; Common redshank (Non-breeding) Sterna sandvicensis; Sandwich tern (Non-breeding) Charadrius hiaticula; Ringed plover (Non-breeding) Sterna albifrons; Little tern (Breeding) Waterbird assemblage

Conservation Objectives

5.25 Avoid the deterioration of the habitats of the qualifying features, and the significant disturbance of the qualifying features, ensuring the integrity of the site is maintained and the site makes a full contribution to achieving the aims of the Birds Directive.

5.26 Subject to natural change, to maintain or restore:

The extent and distribution of the habitats of the qualifying features; The structure and function of the habitats of the qualifying features; The supporting processes on which the habitats of the qualifying features rely; The populations of the qualifying features; The distribution of the qualifying features

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 47 5 Natura 2000 Sites

Condition Assessment

5.27 Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast SPA comprises six component SSSI's. During the most recent Condition Assessment process, 42% of the component SSSI's combined were classified as 'area favourable'; 52% were classified as 'area unfavourable recovering;' 1.4% were classified as unfavourable no change and 0.6% were classified as area destroyed / part destroyed. The status of the component SSSI's has not changed between the condition assessments of 2011 and 2012. Units 2 and 7 of Seal Sands have been classified as destroyed due to the presence of built development and no possibility of habitat reinstatement.

Vulnerability

5.28 The natural incursion of coarse marine sediments into the estuary and the eutrophication of sheltered mudflats leading to the spread of dense Enteromorpha beds may impact on invertebrate density and abundance, and hence on waterfowl numbers. Indications are that the observed sediment changes derive from the reassertion of natural coastal processes within the context of an estuary much modified by human activity. An extensive long-term monitoring programme is investigating the effects of the Tees Barrage, while nutrient enrichment from sewage discharges should be ameliorated by the planned introduction of improved treatment facilities and the Environment Agency's acceptance of Seal Sands as a candidate Sensitive Area to Eutrophication. Aside from the eutrophication issue, water quality has shown considerable and sustained improvement, leading to the re-establishment of migratory fish populations and the growth of cormorant and common seal populations. The future development of port facilities in areas adjacent to the site, and in particular of deep water frontages with associated capital dredging, has the potential to cause adverse effect; as will incompatible coastal defence schemes. Other issues on this relatively robust site include scrub encroachment on dunes and recreational, bait-gathering and other disturbance/damage to habitats/species.

Key Environmental Conditions

5.29 The key environmental conditions required to support site integrity comprise the following:

Food availability (small fish, crustaceans, worms and molluscs, seed bearing plants, surface and sub-surface invertebrates

Vegetation structure

Maintenance of hydrology and flow, suitable water depth

Limited disturbance

Potential Effects of the Plan

Air Quality

5.30 A deterioration to air quality was not considered to be a potential impact pathway to Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast SPA due to the nature of the SPA in respect of its qualifying features, habitat, vulnerabilities and key environmental conditions. The impact of the Local Plan on air quality affecting this site was therefore not considered.

48 Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options Natura 2000 Sites 5

Water Quality

5.31 Consideration was given to the impact of proposed housing growth over the Local Plan period on water quality which can affect food availability. Most Sewage Treatment Works in County Durham discharge waste waters into watercourses that ultimately drain to the River Wear or the River Tees. As such, any increase in housing in County Durham is highly likely to contribute to a potential deterioration in water quality due to a greater quantity of nutrient discharge.

5.32 However, this potential adverse effect was screened out based upon the distances involved between points of discharge and Teesmouth. Avoiding adverse effects is also largely in the hands of Northumbrian Water Ltd (through their investment in future sewage treatment infrastructure) and the Environment Agency (through their role in consenting discharges). However, Durham County Council can also contribute through ensuring that sufficient wastewater treatment infrastructure is in place prior to development being delivered through the Local Plan. This issue is considered by Policy 50: Sewage and Waste Water Infrastructure.

5.33 Consideration was also given to the impact of minerals working (active and inactive sites) on the water quality of the River Tees. This impact was also screened out based upon the distances involved between active and inactive sites and Teesmouth. In addition to this, conditions relating to the protection of water quality are being complied with by all active mineral sites.

Hydrology

5.34 Changes to hydrological conditions as a result of increased abstraction from the River Tees over the Plan period were considered. Potential for adverse impact were however, screened out based upon the presence of the Kielder Water which regulates the River Tees and Wear. Kielder Water is northern Europe’s largest manmade lake which has capacity to hold 200,000Ml of water. The Kielder Water Scheme allows transfers to be made between the major north east catchments and allows water resources to be used to a fuller extent if and when needed. The transfer system also supports the River Tees to ensure that prescribed minimum maintained flow conditions are met. The Tees Barrage also acts to regulate flows on the River Tees.

Land Take

5.35 The impact of the Local Plan on land take was considered both in respect of direct land take from the SPA and of areas of land identified by the Bird Study (28) as functional land. Whilst, the proposed allocations and mineral sites relied upon will not result in land take it was considered the the Local Plan should include controls governing the location of development that may come forward over the Plan period.

Recreational Pressure

5.36 Given the potential for this site to be used for recreational activity we are unable to conclude that new housing within 10 miles of the SPA (approximately 12,300 new houses) or tourism development that encourages access to Durham's coast will not contribute cumulatively and in combination with other plans and projects to recreational pressure on this site to a damaging degree.

5.37 The 10 mile buffer zone was established through research presented in the supporting paper: Recreational and Urbanisation Impacts to define the recreational catchment of this area.

28 Cadwallender, T, M, 2012 A Study of Over-wintering Waterbirds of the Durham Coast - December 2011-March 2012 Cadwallender Consultancy

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 49 5 Natura 2000 Sites

Urbanisation - Increased Predation

5.38 A large proportion of domestic cats are found in urban situations, and increasing urbanisation in the East of the County is likely to lead to increased cat predation. Increased populations within County Durham may also increase urban populations of rats and other predatory species such as foxes. Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast SPA is physically separated from settlements by the Durham Coast Rail Line and may provide a robust barrier in terms of limiting predation levels. However, a precautionary approach to this matter has been taken and as a result no housing allocations within 400 metres of the SPA are being proposed by the Local Plan.(29) Whilst this measure is considered to provide adequate mitigation for the growth proposed by the Local Plan it does not control the potential cumulative effect of development coming forward over the Local Plan period. Further control measures are considered necessary.

Urbanisation - Invasive Species

5.39 Scrub encroachment on the dunes has been cited as a vulnerability of the site which may be populated further by a potential increase in invasive species as a result of inappropriate planting linked to new development (for example cotoneaster) and inappropriate garden waste disposal. Whilst management of Crimdon Dene Local Nature Reserve (opposite the SPA) may help to prevent the spread of invasive species control measures within Local Plan policies are considered necessary.

Species Disturbance

5.40 In addition to species disturbance as a result of increased recreational pressure, consideration was given to the potential impact of noise and vibration levels to qualifying SPA species from minerals working required to meet Plan policy. Natural England have devised SSSI 'buffer zones' criteria for Land Use Consultations. The criteria is used to determine whether a consultation should be examined in more detail by Natural England's Land Use Operations Team. The buffer set for the component SSSI's of Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast SPA in terms of impact to bird species is 800 metres. As all active and inactive magnesian limestone quarries are outwith this buffer it is considered that the Local Pan is unlikely to result in any significant adverse effects to species as a result of noise and vibration levels from minerals working.

5.41 The Local Plan does not provide for any allocations governing the location of renewable energy schemes that can also disturb qualifying species (and affect air quality in respect of biomass schemes). However, policies governing renewable energy development were considered to incorporate adequate safeguards to avoid adverse effects to the SPA over the Plan period.

Ability to Adapt to Climate Change

5.42 The Local Plan could give rise to adverse effects if it contributes further to coastal squeeze thereby reducing the available habitat for qualifying species. Available habitat is already subject to gradual loss as a result of natural coastal retreat and climate change. Recommendations were made throughout previous HRA stages of the local plan to safeguard the area of land between the coast and the Durham Coast Rail Line from development as a result. Whilst policy 38: Durham Coast and Heritage Coast is a restrictive policy, at the time of screening it was not considered possible to screen it out. The policy was not considered to provide adequate safeguards to Northumbria Coast SPA and suggested amendments were recommended as detailed in Appendix H. Amendments have been made to the policy as a result.

29 Turner and Meister (1988) found the mean range of cats to be 371 metres

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Screening Summary

5.43 Issues of water quality, hydrology, land take, recreational pressure, increased predation, invasive species, species disturbance and coastal squeeze have all been considered in relation to potential impacts of the Local Plan on Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast SPA. At this stage, we cannot say that the Local Plan is unlikely to lead to significant adverse effects on the SPA as a result of increased recreational pressure, predation and invasive species. These issues therefore require further investigation where necessary at the appropriate assessment stage and avoidance / mitigation measures will need to be developed. A summary of the policies considered likely to contribute to adverse effects is given in Table 10.

Table 10 Summary of Potential Impacts by Policy

Policy Potential impact identified

Policy 2: Spatial Approach Increased population - potential to increase recreational pressure and urbanisation effects

Policy 3: Quantity of New Increased population - potential to increase recreational pressure and Development urbanisation effects

Policy 4: Distribution of New Increased population - potential to increase recreational pressure and Development urbanisation effects

Policy 15: Neighbourhood Planning As Neighbourhood Plans are required to propose growth over and above and Infrastructure that set out in the Local Plan there is potential for neighbourhood plans to increase levels of growth and therefore recreational pressure and urbanisation / predatory effects.

Policy 20: Green Infrastructure Potential for negative effects if the type and design of green infrastructure within proximity to Natura 2000 sites is not compatible with qualifying species and/or supporting habitat. Provision of green infrastructure may indirectly increase recreational pressure to sites. Further potential for negative effects if alternative / diversion of PROW increases recreational pressure to sites.

Policy 27: Tourist Attractions Policy is supportive of development that enhances the tourism potential of Durham's Heritage Coast - potential to increase recreational pressure.

Policy 28: Tourist Accommodation Potential to support accommodation e.g. Caravan sites in the vicinity of SPA or functional land - potential for land take (functional), increase in recreational pressure and urbanisation / predatory effects

Policy 30: Housing Land Allocations Increased population - potential to increase recreational pressure and urbanisation effects

Policy 33: Sites for Travellers Depending on whether new sites are required - locations may increase recreational pressure

Policy 35: Density of Residential Increased population - potential to increase recreational pressure and Development urbanisation effects

Policy 38: Durham Coast and Potential to support development that improves access and enjoyment of Heritage Coast Durham's Heritage Coast. Policy supports extending the Heritage Coast designation to include the area around Dene Mouth, Blackhall.

Policy 41: Biodiversity and The incorporation of measures to enhance biodiversity within or around Geodiversity development sites could potentially lead to adverse effects if not compatible with qualifying species / supporting habitat of Natura 2000 sites.

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 51 5 Natura 2000 Sites

Policy Potential impact identified

Policy 44: Historic Environment Potential to support development that promotes and increase access to heritage assets associated with Durham's Heritage Coast

5.44 Other plans and projects considered to act in combination with the Local Plan in terms of increasing recreational pressure and species disturbance include:

Stockton on Tees Borough Council Core Strategy Hartlepool Borough Council Core Strategy Submission Draft 2012 Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council Core Strategy 2007-2021 English Coastal Path Project Tees Valley Joint Minerals and Waste Development Plan Documents Core Strategy 2011-2026 Tees Valley Joint Minerals and Waste Development Plan Documents Policies and Sites DPD 2011-2026

Durham Coast SAC

Introduction

5.45 Durham Coast SAC was designated in April 2005 and covers an area of approximately 394 hectares. Durham Coast SAC is the only example of vegetated sea cliffs on magnesian limestone exposures in the UK. These cliffs extend along the North Sea coast for over 20 km from South Shields southwards to Blackhall rocks. Their vegetation is unique in the British Isles and consists of a complex mosaic of paramaritime, mesotrophic and calcicolous grasslands, tall-herb fen, seepage flushes and wind-pruned scrub. Within these habitats rare species of contrasting photogeographic distributions often grow together forming unusual and species-rich communities of high scientific interest. The communities present on the sea cliffs are largely maintained by natural processes including exposure to sea spray, erosion and slippage of the soft magnesian limestone bedrock and overlying glacial drifts, as well as localised flushing by calcareous water.

Qualifying Features

Vegetated sea cliffs of the Atlantic and Baltic coasts

Conservation Objectives

5.46 Avoid the deterioration of the habitats of the qualifying natural habitats and the habitats of qualifying species and the significant disturbance of those qualifying species, ensuring the integrity of the site is maintained and the site makes a full contribution to achieving Favourable Conservation Status of each of the qualifying features.

5.47 Subject to natural change, to maintain or restore:

The extent and distribution of the habitats of the qualifying features; The structure and function (including typical species) of qualifying natural habitats and habitats of qualifying species The supporting processes on which qualifying natural habitats and habitats of qualifying species rely; The populations of the qualifying species; The distribution of the qualifying species within the site.

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Condition Assessment

5.48 During the most recent Condition Assessment process, 62.80% of the component SSSI was classified as 'area favourable' and 37.20% was classified as 'area unfavourable recovering.' The status of the site has not changed between the condition assessments of 2011 and 2012 and no reason has been recorded for adverse condition.

Vulnerability

5.49 No vulnerabilities have been recorded for this site as such. The Natura 2000 Standard data Form for the site states:

Vegetated sea cliffs range from vertical cliffs in the north with scattered vegetated ledges, to the Magnesian limestone grassland slopes of the south. Parts of the site are managed as National Nature Reserve, and plans provide for the non-interventionist management of the vegetated cliffs. The majority of the site is in public ownership and an agreed management plan is being developed to protect nature conservation interests.

5.50 It is assumed that the management plan referred to is the Durham Heritage Coast Management Plan.

Key Environmental Conditions

5.51 The key environmental conditions required to support site integrity comprise the following:

Overall length and/or area of cliff habitat to be maintained taking into account natural variation

There should be no increase in area constrained by introduced structures or landforms

The range of physical conditions supporting the habitats, and the range of maritime grasslands and other communities should be maintained

There should be no further increase in species untypical of the communities that define the feature

Potential Effects of the Plan

Air Quality

5.52 The Conservation Status Assessment report related to the vegetated sea cliffs of the Atlantic and Baltic coasts states: (30)

Based on an assessment of relevant literature, this habitat is potentially sensitive to air pollution, but it has not been possible to undertake an assessment of potential impact based on critical loads because of the poor equivalence between this habitat and those for which critical loads are set.

30 Joint Nature Conservation Committee (2007) Second Report by the UK under Article 17 on the implementation of the Habitats Directive from January 2001 to December 2006. Peterborough: JNCC.

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 53 5 Natura 2000 Sites

5.53 Accordingly, it was not possible to attain data from the UK Air Pollution Information System in respect of critical load values and levels for Durham Coast SAC. However, a precautionary approach to this matter has been taken and the impact of the Plan to Durham Coast SAC in respect of changes to air quality was considered and summarised below.

5.54 An increase in housing, employment and retail in the East of the County is considered likely to increase traffic on roads within 200 metres (the accepted distance below which air pollution from traffic is likely to be an issue) of Durham Coast SAC which will increase levels of nitrogen deposition. Furthermore, as Policy 53: Meeting the Need for Primary Aggregates and Policy 54: High Grade Dolomite do not exclude the potential re-commencement of inactive Magnesian Limestone Sites over the Local Plan period, potential significant adverse effects could occur as a result of dust emissions from Hawthorn Quarry. No other mineral sites were identified by the minerals bridging assessment as likely to effect Durham Coast SAC via this impact pathway.

Water Quality

5.55 The vegetation of Durham Coast SAC is maintained in part by localised flushing of calcareous water from surface and groundwater sources. Whilst the housing, employment and retail allocations within the Local Plan are not considered to directly affect water sources, an overall increase in hardstanding and pressure on the capacity of the sewer system could increase surface water run off affecting the quality of calcareous water sources. Furthermore, Policy 48: Provision of New Transport Infrastructure supports the safeguarding of land associated with a new rail station at Peterlee / Horden to serve the Durham Coast Rail Line. Whilst safeguarding of the rail station in itself will not give rise to adverse effects the construction of the station if and when determined could impact upon calcareous water sources.

5.56 In terms of minerals working, as Policy 53: Meeting the Need for Primary Aggregates and Policy 54: High Grade Dolomite do not exclude the potential re-commencement of inactive Magnesian Limestone Sites over the Local Plan period, potential significant adverse effects could occur as a result of recommencement of Hawthorn Quarry. Hawthorn Quarry is approximately 150 metres north of Hawthorn Burn which transects Durham Coast SAC. Any deterioration in water quality to this Burn as a result of quarry operations could lead to significant adverse effects on site integrity due to the water dependant nature of the SAC.

Hydrology

5.57 Changes to the supply of groundwater available to Durham Coast SAC may impact on site integrity as a result of reduced flushing of vegetation by calcareous water. The Water Cycle Study (31) concluded that there are sufficient water resources available to support the proposed levels of growth across County Durham due to Kielder Water which has sufficient spare resource. However, Kielder Water is not Northumbrian Water Ltd's only water resource; they also abstract groundwater from the Magnesian Limestone Aquifer. The Environment Agency has indicated that whilst there is currently water available there will be a move towards there being no water available during 2012.

5.58 Therefore, groundwater sources may not be a viable long term resource for Northumbrian Water Ltd. However, pressure for increased abstraction cannot be ruled out as groundwater in general is a more cost effective water supply since it requires less treatment and by being located close to the point of use minimises infrastructure requirement. Any increase in abstraction from the Magnesian Limestone aquifer has the potential to affect the supply of calcareous water to Durham Coast SAC.

31 Aecom County Durham Outline Water Cycle Study (2012)

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5.59 Further impact to the quantitative status of the Magnesian Limestone aquifer may be derived as a result of working of Magnesian Limestone quarries. Whilst the minerals bridging assessment concluded that continued working of active magnesian limestone quarries are unlikely to significantly affect groundwater supply Policy 53: Meeting the Need for Primary Aggregates and Policy 54: High Grade Dolomite do not exclude the potential re-commencement of inactive Magnesian Limestone Sites over the Local Plan period. The re-commencement of Hawthorn Quarry has the potential to affect groundwater supply if dewatering is required.

Land Take

5.60 The impact of the Local Plan on land take was considered in respect of direct land take from the SAC and of areas of land that may not be designated but support qualifying species. Whilst the proposed allocations and mineral sites relied upon will not result in land take it was considered that the Local Plan should include controls governing the location of development that may come forward over the Plan period.

Recreational Pressure

5.61 Given the potential for this site to be used for recreational activity we are unable to conclude that new housing within 10 miles of the SAC (approximately 12,300 new houses) or tourism development that encourages access to Durham's coast will not contribute cumulatively and in combination with other plans and projects to recreational pressure on this site to a damaging degree through for example, increased trampling of habitat.

5.62 The 10 mile buffer zone was established through research presented in the supporting paper: Recreational and Urbanisation Impacts to define the recreational catchment of this area.

Urbanisation - Increased Predation

5.63 An increase in predation was not considered to be a potential impact pathway to Durham Coast SAC due to the nature of the SAC in respect of its qualifying features, habitat, vulnerabilities and key environmental conditions. The impact of the Local Plan on predation levels affecting this site were therefore not considered.

Urbanisation - Invasive Species

5.64 Invasive species as a result of inappropriate planting linked to new development and inappropriate garden waste disposal have the potential to affect the structure and function of qualifying habitat of Durham Coast SAC. Whilst management of several Local Nature Reserves and Local Wildlife Sites adjacent to the SAC (Figure 7) may help to prevent the spread of invasive species control measures within Local Plan policies are considered necessary.

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 55 5 Natura 2000 Sites

Figure 7 Map showing countryside sites subject to management adjacent to designated SAC's and SPA's

Species Disturbance

5.65 An increase in disturbance was not considered to be a potential impact pathway to Durham Coast SAC due to the nature of the SAC in respect of its qualifying features, habitat, vulnerabilities and key environmental conditions. The impact of the Local Plan on disturbance levels affecting this site were therefore not considered.

56 Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options Natura 2000 Sites 5

Ability to Adapt to Climate Change

5.66 The Local Plan could give rise to adverse effects if it contributes further to coastal squeeze thereby reducing the available habitat for qualifying species. Available habitat is already subject to gradual loss as a result of natural coastal retreat and climate change. Recommendations were made throughout previous HRA stages of the local plan to safeguard the area of land between the coast and the Durham Coast Rail Line from development as a result. Whilst policy 38: Durham Coast and Heritage Coast is a restrictive policy, at the time of screening it was not considered possible to screen it out. The policy was not considered to provide adequate safeguards to Northumbria Coast SPA and suggested amendments were recommended as detailed in Appendix H. Amendments have been made to the policy as a result.

5.67 Furthermore, the potential recommencement of Hawthorn quarry could act in combination with climate change impacts to increase the severity of effects in relation to supply of groundwater to Durham Coast SAC.

Screening Summary

5.68 Issues of air quality, water quality, hydrology, land take, recreational pressure, invasive species, 0climate change have all been considered in relation to potential impacts of the Local Plan on Durham Coast SAC. At this stage, we cannot say that the Local Plan is unlikely to lead to significant adverse effects on the SAC as a result of air quality, water quality, hydrology, recreational pressure, invasive species and climate change. These issues will therefore require further investigation where necessary at the appropriate assessment stage and avoidance / mitigation measures will need to be developed. A summary of the policies considered likely to contribute to adverse effects is given in Table 11.

Table 11 Summary of Potential Impacts by Policy

Policy Potential impact identified

Policy 2: Spatial Approach Increased population - potential to increase vehicle emissions, recreational pressure and urbanisation effects (invasive species). Potential for adverse hydrological effects if Northumbrian Water increase drinking water abstraction from the Magnesian Limestone Aquifer to serve housing and employment growth.

Policy 3: Quantity of New Increased population - potential to increase vehicle emissions, recreational Development pressure and urbanisation effects (invasive species) Potential for adverse hydrological effects if Northumbrian Water increase drinking water abstraction from the Magnesian Limestone Aquifer to serve housing growth.

Policy 4: Distribution of New Increased population - potential to increase vehicle emissions, recreational Development pressure and urbanisation effects (invasive species) Potential for adverse hydrological effects if Northumbrian Water increase drinking water abstraction from the Magnesian Limestone Aquifer to serve housing growth.

Policy 5: Durham City Potential for adverse hydrological effects if Northumbrian Water increase drinking water abstraction from the Magnesian Limestone Aquifer to serve housing growth.

Policy 6: Aykley Heads Potential for adverse hydrological effects if Northumbrian Water increase drinking water abstraction from the Magnesian Limestone Aquifer to serve employment growth.

Policy 7: Durham City Strategic Increased population - potential to increase vehicle emissions and recreational Housing Sites pressure. Potential for adverse hydrological effects if Northumbrian Water

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 57 5 Natura 2000 Sites

Policy Potential impact identified

increase drinking water abstraction from the Magnesian Limestone Aquifer to serve housing growth.

Policy 11: Other Strategic Increased population - potential to increase vehicle emissions, recreational Housing Sites pressure and urbanisation effects (invasive species) Potential for adverse hydrological effects if Northumbrian Water increase drinking water abstraction from the Magnesian Limestone Aquifer to serve housing growth.

Policy 12: Executive Housing Increased population - potential to increase vehicle emissions and recreational pressure. Potential for adverse hydrological effects if Northumbrian Water increase drinking water abstraction from the Magnesian Limestone Aquifer to serve housing growth.

Policy 14: Major Developed Increased population - potential to increase vehicle emissions and recreational Sites in the Greenbelt pressure. Potential for adverse hydrological effects if Northumbrian Water increase drinking water abstraction from the Magnesian Limestone Aquifer to serve housing growth.

Policy 15: Neighbourhood As Neighbourhood Plans are required to propose growth over and above that Planning and Infrastructure set out in the Local Plan there is potential for neighbourhood plans to increase levels of growth and therefore recreational pressure and urbanisation / predatory effects. Potential for adverse hydrological effects if Northumbrian Water increase drinking water abstraction from the Magnesian Limestone Aquifer to serve housing growth.

Policy 20: Green Infrastructure Potential for negative effects if the type and design of green infrastructure within proximity to Natura 2000 sites is not compatible with qualifying species and/or supporting habitat. Provision of green infrastructure may indirectly increase recreational pressure to sites. Further potential for negative effects if alternative / diversion of PROW increases recreational pressure to sites.

Policy 23: General Employment Potential to increase vehicle emissions. Potential for adverse hydrological effects Sites if Northumbrian Water increase drinking water abstraction from the Magnesian Limestone Aquifer to serve employment growth.

Policy 24: Specific Use Increased population - potential to increase vehicle emissions, recreational Employment Sites pressure and urbanisation effects (invasive species) due to mixed use devlopment proposed south of Seaham. Potential for adverse hydrological effects if Northumbrian Water increase drinking water abstraction from the Magnesian Limestone Aquifer to serve employment growth.

Policy 27: Tourist Attractions Policy is supportive of development that enhances the tourism potential of Durham's Heritage Coast - potential to increase recreational pressure and vehicle emissions

Policy 28: Tourist Potential to support accommodation e.g. Caravan sites in the vicinity of SAC Accommodation or functional land - potential for land take, increase in vehicle emissions, recreational pressure and urbanisation (invasive species)

Policy 30: Housing Land Increased population - potential to increase vehicle emissions, recreational Allocations pressure and urbanisation effects (invasive species). Potential for adverse hydrological effects if Northumbrian Water increase drinking water abstraction from the Magnesian Limestone Aquifer to serve housing growth.

Policy 33: Sites for Travellers Depending on whether new sites are required - locations may increase recreational pressure

Policy 35: Density of Increased population - potential to increase vehicle emissions, recreational Residential Development pressure and urbanisation effects

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Policy Potential impact identified

Policy 38: Durham Coast and Potential to support development that improves access and enjoyment of Heritage Coast Durham's Heritage Coast. Policy supports extending the Heritage Coast designation to include the area around Dene Mouth, Blackhall.

Policy 41: Biodiversity and The incorporation of measures to enhance biodiversity within or around Geodiversity development sites could potentially lead to adverse effects if not compatible with qualifying species / supporting habitat of Natura 2000 sites.

Policy 44: Historic Environment Potential to support development that promotes and increase access to heritage assets associated with Durham's Heritage Coast

Policy 48: Provision of New New station at Horden (as supported in part by this policy) could impact upon Transport Infrastructure water quality during construction and as a result of run off to Durham Coast SAC.

Policy 53: Meeting the Need for Potential air quality, water quality and hydrology impacts linked to Primary Aggregates recommencement of inactive Magnesian Limestone Sites

Policy 54: High Grade Dolomite Potential air quality, water quality and hydrology impacts linked to recommencement of inactive Magnesian Limestone Sites

5.69 Other plans and projects considered to act in combination with the Local Plan in terms of recreational pressure and potential impacts to water quality and hydrology include.

Durham County Council Local Transport Plan 3 2011 Paths for People, Rights of Way Improvement Plan for County Durham 2011-2014 County Durham Area Tourism Management Plan 2010 County Durham Infrastructure Delivery Plan English Coastal Path Project Hartlepool Borough Council Core Strategy Submission Draft 2012

Castle Eden Dene SAC

Introduction

5.70 Castle Eden Dene SAC was designated in April 2005 and covers an area of approximately 194 hectares. Castle Eden Dene SAC represents the most extensively northerly native occurrence of Taxus baccata; Yew woods in the UK. Extensive yew groves are found in association with Fraxinus-Ulmus; Ash-elm woodland and it is the only site selected for yew woodland on magnesian limestone in north-east England.

Qualifying Features

Taxus baccata woods of the British Isles; Yew-dominated woodland

Conservation Objectives

5.71 Avoid the deterioration of the habitats of the qualifying natural habitats and the habitats of qualifying species and the significant disturbance of those qualifying species, ensuring the integrity of the site is maintained and the site makes a full contribution to achieving Favourable Conservation Status of each of the qualifying features.

5.72 Subject to natural change, to maintain or restore:

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 59 5 Natura 2000 Sites

The extent and distribution of the habitats of the qualifying features; The structure and function (including typical species) of qualifying natural habitats and habitats of qualifying species The supporting processes on which qualifying natural habitats and habitats of qualifying species rely; The populations of the qualifying species; The distribution of the qualifying species within the site.

Condition Assessment

5.73 During the most recent Condition Assessment process, 6.79% of the component SSSI was classified as 'area favourable' and 93.21% was classified as 'area unfavourable recovering.' The status of the site has not changed between the condition assessments of 2011 and 2012 and no reason has been recorded for adverse condition. From examination of the UK Air Pollution Information System (32) it can be seen that the SAC is currently subject to poor air quality.

Table 12 Air Pollutants Affecting Castle Eden Dene SAC (red shading indicates exceedance of thresholds)

SAC/SPA APIS Grid ref Acid dep Ammonia N dep. (kg NOx Ozone SO2 Feature N dep. 3 3 Habitat (central (keq/ha/yr) (µg/m ) N/ha/year) (NO2 (ppb (µg/m most Critical point of m-) hours) sensitive load site) to N and ranges acid deposition

Castle Ash and NZ435397 2.90 0.6 44.5 6.9 2971 1.0 Habitats N ranges Eden yew Directive 10-20 kg Dene woodland Annex 1 – N/ha/year. SAC Taxus This AA baccata uses 10 woods

Vulnerability

5.74 No vulnerabilities have been recorded for this site as such. The Natura 2000 Standard data Form for the site states:

Yew woodlands are distributed throughout the site in a matrix of other woodland types. The site is managed as a National Nature Reserve and the Management Plan provides for regeneration of this special woodland type.

Key Environmental Conditions

5.75 The key environmental conditions required to support site integrity comprise the following:

No loss of ancient semi-natural stands

At least current area of recent semi-natural stands maintained, although their location may alter.

Woodland natural processes and structure / structural diversity maintained

32 APIS

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Natural regeneration to maintain canopy density over a 20 year period

Limited loss of native woodland species to non-native or other external factors (e.g. Pollution, eutrophication form run-off, disease)

Limited air pollution

Maintain species, habitats and structures characteristic to the site

Potential Effects of the Plan

Air Quality

5.76 As Castle Eden Dene SAC has been identified as already exceeding critical thresholds in respect of nitrogen and acid deposition any increase in these pollutants, however slight are considered likely to significantly affect site integrity. Castle Eden Dene SAC is directly adjacent to the A19 which is considered as a regional transport corridor. Housing, employment and retail growth proposed by the Local Plan and within the plans of other neighbouring authorities is likely to increase traffic volumes on the A19 and therefore vehicle emissions. Consideration to how other neighbouring authorities had tackled this issue was given to ensure that County Durham aligns with other neighbouring authorities in terms of tackling cross boundary issues. The HRA of other neighbouring authorities development plans also identified Castle Eden Dene SAC as vulnerable to air quality and recognised that their plans were likely to increase traffic volumes on the A19 and subsequent emissions. However, this issue was screened out by large by other neighbouring authorities by the following statement:

Although the SAC lies close to the A19, its extent runs from the A19 eastwards to the coast. Therefore, the effect on this site will be minimal.

5.77 Durham County Council did not consider that a sufficiently precautionary approach to this matter has been adopted by neighbouring authorities and as as result it was not considered possible to screen potential impacts out in relation to the growth proposed by the Local Plan and in combination with other plans and projects.

5.78 In terms of minerals working, the bridging assessment determined that the Local Plan was unlikely to significantly affect the integrity of Castle Eden Dene SAC as a result of dust emissions. However, intensification of existing magnesian limestone quarry working may be required over the Plan period which could result in increased HGV movement on the A19 to transport materials for processing and to markets.

Water Quality

5.79 Whilst Castle Eden Dene SAC is not considered to be water dependant, an issue of gullying and erosion as a result of surface water run off was identified. The housing, employment and retail allocations within the Local Plan will increase hardstanding and pressure on the capacity of the sewer system which could increase surface water run off exacerbating existing issues.

5.80 In terms of the capacity of the sewer system the Water Cycle Study (33) states:

33 Aecom County Durham Outline Water Cycle Study (2012)

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 61 5 Natura 2000 Sites

Northumbrian Water has not reviewed the ability of its sewerage infrastructure to accommodate the potential housing development. They advised that they are currently in the process of developing 108 hydraulic models to identify areas at risk of sewer flooding across their area. Approximately 20% of these are likely to cover parts of County Durham. The findings from this work are not expected to be available until December 2012. Consequently it is not possible at this time for the Water Cycle Study to determine if sewerage presents any constraints to growth across County Durham however, Northumbrian Water and Durham County Council will continue to liaise following the completion of the Water Cycle Study to ensure that any constraints identified in the sewerage networks are used to inform the planning process.

5.81 Continuous liaison and action as appropriate is considered imperative to ensuring that development in the Peterlee area will not exacerbate existing issues. This is particularly paramount as the Water Cycle Study identified an area to the north of Castle Eden Dene SAC that has been affected or is considered as at risk by some of the higher concentrations of hydraulic sewer flooding. Investment in the sewer system will potentially be required to avoid adverse effects.

5.82 In terms of minerals working, the bridging assessment undertaken determined that the continued working of quarry sites relied upon over the Local Plan period were unlikely to impact upon Castle Eden Dene SAC in terms of this issue.

Hydrology

5.83 Changes to hydrological conditions were not considered to be a potential impact pathway to Castle Eden Dene SAC due to the nature of the SAC in respect of its qualifying features, habitat, vulnerabilities and key environmental conditions. The impact of the Local Plan on hydrological systems in respect of this site were therefore not considered.

Land Take

5.84 The impact of the Local Plan on land take was considered in respect of direct land take from the SAC and of areas of land that may not be designated but support qualifying species. Whilst the proposed allocations and mineral sites relied upon will not result in land take it was considered that the Local Plan should include controls governing the location of development that may come forward over the Plan period.

Recreational Pressure

5.85 Given the potential for this site to be used for recreational activity it was considered likely that the Local Plan would increase recreational pressure. However, as this site is also managed as a National Nature Reserve consideration was given to the significance of this issue due to existing management procedures. During the consultation process, Natural England confirmed that recreational pressure on Castle Eden Dene SAC is unlikely to be unmanageable given the existing management procedures and the nature of the SAC itself in limiting off-track activities. This issue was therefore screened out in respect of the impact of the Local Plan.

Urbanisation - Increased Predation

5.86 An increase in predation was not considered to be a potential impact pathway to Castle Eden Dene SAC due to the nature of the SAC in respect of its qualifying features, habitat, vulnerabilities and key environmental conditions. The impact of the Local Plan on predation levels affecting this site were therefore not considered.

62 Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options Natura 2000 Sites 5

Urbanisation - Invasive Species

5.87 Invasive species as a result of inappropriate planting linked to new development and inappropriate garden waste disposal have the potential to affect the structure and function of qualifying habitat of Castle Eden Dene SAC. However, in the same vein as recreational impacts, the significance of this issue was screened out due to existing management procedures to control invasive species.

Species Disturbance

5.88 An increase in disturbance was not considered to be a potential impact pathway to Castle Eden Dene SAC due to the nature of the SAC in respect of its qualifying features, habitat, vulnerabilities and key environmental conditions. The impact of the Local Plan on disturbance levels affecting this site were therefore not considered.

Ability to Adapt to Climate Change

5.89 One of the guidelines for ensuring adaptation includes reducing sources of harm not linked to climate change. (34) Accordingly, as issues relating to deterioration of air quality and erosion as a result of surface water run off cannot be screened out it is unlikely that the Local Plan will contribute positively to building capacity for the qualifying species of Castle Eden Dene SAC to adapt to climate change.

Screening Summary

5.90 Issues of air quality, water quality, land take, recreational pressure, invasive species and climate change have all been considered in relation to potential impacts of the Local Plan on Castle Eden Dene SAC. At this stage, we cannot say that the Local Plan is unlikely to lead to significant adverse effects on the SAC as a result of a deterioration in air quality and increased run off and potential sewer flooding. These issues will therefore require further investigation where necessary at the appropriate assessment stage and avoidance / mitigation measures will need to be developed. A summary of the policies considered likely to contribute to adverse effects is given in Table 13.

Table 13 Summary of Potential Impacts by Policy

Policy Potential impact identified

Policy 2: Spatial Approach Increased population - potential to increase vehicle emissions and surface water run off

Policy 3: Quantity of New Development Increased population - potential to increase vehicle emissions and surface water run off

Policy 4: Distribution of New Development Increased population - potential to increase vehicle emissions and surface water run off

Policy 11: Other Strategic Housing Sites Increased population - potential to increase vehicle emissions and surface water run off

Policy 15: Neighbourhood Planning and As Neighbourhood Plans are required to propose growth over and Infrastructure above that set out in the Local Plan there is potential for neighbourhood plans to increase levels of growth and therefore vehicle emissions and surface water run off

Policy 23: General Employment Sites Potential to increase vehicle emissions and surface water run off

34 Defra Conserving Biodiversity in a Changing Climate: Guidance on Building Capacity to Adapt (2007)

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 63 5 Natura 2000 Sites

Policy Potential impact identified

Policy 24: Specific Use Employment Sites Potential to increase vehicle emissions and surface water run off

Policy 25: Retail Allocations Potential to increase vehicle emissions and surface water run off

Policy 26: Retail Hierarchy and Potential to increase vehicle emissions and surface water run off Development in Commercial Centres

Policy 27: Tourist Attractions Policy is supportive of development that enhances the tourism potential of Durham's Heritage Coast - potential to increase vehicle emissions

Policy 28: Tourist Accommodation Potential to support accommodation in East Durham - potential to increase vehicle emissions and surface water run off

Policy 30: Housing Land Allocations Increased population - potential to increase vehicle emissions and surface water run off

Policy 35: Density of Residential Increased population - potential to increase vehicle emissions and Development surface water run off

Policy 38: Durham Coast and Heritage Potential to support development that improves access and Coast enjoyment of Durham's Heritage Coast - potential to increase vehicle emissions.

5.91 Other plans and projects considered to act in combination with the Local Plan in terms of deterioration of air quality include:

Stockton on Tees Borough Council Core Strategy Hartlepool Borough Council Core Strategy Submission Draft 2012 Middlesbrough Borough Council Core Strategy 2008-2023 Middlesbrough Borough Council Regeneration Development Plan Document Sunderland City Council Core Strategy Preferred Options 2007 Sunderland City Council Allocations DPD South Tyneside Core Strategy 2006 Newcastle Gateshead: One Core Strategy 2030 Tyne and Wear Local Transport Plan 3 2011-2021 and associated Delivery Plan 2011-2014 County Durham Economic Strategy 2008-2013 County Durham Area Tourism Management Plan 2010 Tourism Destination Plan for Seaham 2009

Thrislington SAC

Introduction

5.92 Thrislington SAC was designated in April 2005 and covers an area of approximately 23 hectares south of the village of West Cornforth. Thrislington SAC is a small site but nonetheless contains the largest of the few surviving stands of CG8 Sesleria albicans - Scabiosa columbaria grassland. This form of calcareous grassland is confined to the Magnesian Limestone of County Durham and Tyne and Wear. It now covers less than 200 hectares and is found mainly as small scattered stands.

64 Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options Natura 2000 Sites 5

Qualifying Features

Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies: on calcareous substrates (Festuco-Brometalia); Dry grasslands and scrublands on chalk or limestone

Conservation Objectives

5.93 Avoid the deterioration of the habitats of the qualifying natural habitats and the habitats of qualifying species and the significant disturbance of those qualifying species, ensuring the integrity of the site is maintained and the site makes a full contribution to achieving Favourable Conservation Status of each of the qualifying features.

5.94 Subject to natural change, to maintain or restore:

The extent and distribution of the habitats of the qualifying features; The structure and function (including typical species) of qualifying natural habitats and habitats of qualifying species The supporting processes on which qualifying natural habitats and habitats of qualifying species rely; The populations of the qualifying species; The distribution of the qualifying species within the site.

Condition Assessment

5.95 During the most recent Condition Assessment process, 100% of the component SSSI was classified as 'area favourable.' The status of the site has not changed between the condition assessments of 2011 and 2012. However, from examination of the UK Air Pollution Information System (35) it can be seen that the SAC is currently subject to poor air quality.

Table 14 Air Pollutants Affecting Thrislington SAC (red shading indicates exceedance of thresholds, amber shading indicates pollutants that are close to exceeding critical thresholds)

SAC/SPA APIS Grid ref Acid dep Ammonia N dep. (kg NOx Ozone SO2 Feature N dep. 3 3 Habitat (central (keq/ha/yr) (µg/m ) N/ha/year) (NO2 (ppb (µg/m most Critical point of m-) hours) sensitive to load site) N and acid ranges deposition

Thrislington Calcareous NZ317328 1.67 2 20.3 17.1 2009 1.0 Habitats N ranges SAC grassland Directive 15-25 kg Annex 1 – N/ha/year. Semi-natural this AA dry uses 15kg grasslands and scrubland facies: on calcareous substrates

Vulnerability

5.96 The conditions of these grasslands are dependent upon continuous management by seasonally-adjusted grazing and no fertiliser input. The site is a National Nature Reserve and management on these traditional lines is undertaken at the site.

35 APIS

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 65 5 Natura 2000 Sites

Key Environmental Conditions

5.97 The key environmental conditions required to support site integrity comprise the following:

No reduction in extent

Continuous management by seasonally-adjusted grazing

No fertiliser input

Control of invasive species

Control of over grazing

Limited air pollution

Potential Effects of the Plan

Air Quality

5.98 As Thrislington SAC has been identified as already exceeding critical thresholds in respect of nitrogen deposition any increase in this pollutant, however slight is considered likely to significantly affect site integrity. Thrislington SAC is located approximately 400 metres west of the A1(M). 200 metres is Natural England's accepted distance below which vehicle emissions are considered likely to be an issue. In this respect it was possible to screen out any significant impact to Thrislington SAC as a result of traffic growth on the A1(M) linked to increased traffic growth.

5.99 However, an unclassified road is within 200 metres of Thrislington SAC and a allocation of 291 houses to Ferryhill may increase use of this road. Whilst, use of this road is unlikely to increase significantly, as Thrislington SAC has already exceeded critical thresholds in respect of nitrogen deposition any increase in vehicle emissions, however small is considered likely to adversely affect integrity.

5.100 In terms of minerals working, the bridging assessment determined that the Local Plan was unlikely to significantly affect the integrity of Thrislington SAC as a result of vehicle or dust emissions. However, if the operator of Thrislington Quarry propose changes to the working method of the site over the Local Plan period it will be necessary to screen the new working methods for impact to adjacent Thrislington SAC and undertake appropriate assessment if required.

5.101 In terms of waste management provision it is important for the Local Plan to make provision for the sustainable management of waste arisings through a network of facilities, in line with the Waste Framework Directive and the principles of sustainable waste management. A proposal for a waste facility at Thrislington Quarry is the only waste management proposal to have been put forward by the waste industry as a potential allocation. The proposal is to manage a range of non-hazardous wastes as well as inert waste management activities (including recovery, recycling and composting and landfilling), with a potential capacity of 210,000 tpa.

5.102 Information from the applicant has been submitted but to date the proposal is still not specific in terms of the type and scale of development proposed, to the extent that would allow an adequate assessment, and demonstrate that any potential impacts or emissions from proposed waste operations at the site would not cause significant damage and undermine the integrity of Thrislington SAC, either alone or in combination with other plans and projects.

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5.103 An allocation at Thrislington Quarry is therefore not included within the Local Plan and a decision on this has been deferred to the Minerals and Waste Policies and Allocations DPD based upon the receipt of further information.

Water Quality

5.104 A deterioration in water quality as a potential consequence of the Local Plan is not considered to be a potential impact Pathway to Thrislington SAC as the site is not connected by surface water sources or dependent on groundwater sources. The Local Plan is also unlikely to significantly increase areas of hardstanding or increase pressure on sewer systems in the villages closest to the site in terms of affecting surface water run off.

Hydrology

5.105 Natural England's Management Plan for Thrislington National Nature Reserve states:

Hydrological surveys carried out by Redland aggregates (now Lafarge) show that the water table is at 94 metres AOD relative to a land surface at 131 metres AOD. Flow is from northeast to southwest suggesting that even at the surface, water flow from external sources will not affect the site. Water table changes are unlikely to affect surface vegetation.

5.106 The impact of the Local Plan on hydrological systems in respect of this site were therefore not considered.

Land Take

5.107 The impact of the Local Plan on land take was considered in respect of direct land take from the SAC and of areas of land that may not be designated but support qualifying species. Whilst the proposed allocations and mineral sites relied upon will not result in land take it was considered that the Local Plan should include controls governing the location of development that may come forward over the Plan period.

Recreational Pressure

5.108 Given the potential for this site to be used for recreational activity it was considered likely that the Local Plan would increase recreational pressure as a result of an increased population. As this site is managed as a National Nature Reserve consideration was given to the significance of this issue in view of existing management procedures. However, due to the specific sensitivities of Thrislington SAC i.e. the vegetation composition and structure is at risk of being affected by increased nutrient inputs (dog walking) and general trampling, a precautionary approach to this site has been taken. Accordingly this issue was not screened out.

Urbanisation - Increased Predation

5.109 An increase in predation was not considered to be a potential impact pathway to Thrislington SAC due to the nature of the SAC in respect of its qualifying features, habitat, vulnerabilities and key environmental conditions. The impact of the Local Plan on predation levels affecting this site were therefore not considered.

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 67 5 Natura 2000 Sites

Urbanisation - Invasive Species

5.110 Invasive species as a result of inappropriate planting linked to new development and inappropriate garden waste disposal have the potential to affect the structure and function of qualifying habitat of Thrislington SAC. However, the significance of this issue was screened out due to existing management procedures to control invasive species. There is potential for the waste proposal at Thrislington Quarry to increase the spread of invasive species. However, as stated in section 5.101, this issue will be considered in more detail in the HRA accompanying the Minerals and Waste Policies and Allocations DPD.

Species Disturbance

5.111 An increase in disturbance was not considered to be a potential impact pathway to Thrislington SAC due to the nature of the SAC in respect of its qualifying features, habitat, vulnerabilities and key environmental conditions. The impact of the Local Plan on disturbance levels affecting this site were therefore not considered.

Ability to Adapt to Climate Change

5.112 One of the guidelines for ensuring adaptation includes reducing sources of harm not linked to climate change. (36) Accordingly, as issues relating to deterioration of air quality and recreational pressure cannot be screened out it is unlikely that the Local Plan will contribute positively to building capacity for the qualifying species of Thrislington SAC to adapt to climate change.

Screening Summary

5.113 Issues of air quality, land take, recreational pressure, invasive species and climate change have all been considered in relation to potential impacts of the Local Plan on Thrislington SAC. At this stage, we cannot say that the Local Plan is unlikely to lead to significant adverse effects on the SAC as a result of a deterioration in air quality and recreational pressure. These issues will therefore require further investigation where necessary at the appropriate assessment stage and avoidance / mitigation measures will need to be developed. A summary of the policies considered likely to contribute to adverse effects is given in Table 15.

Table 15 Summary of Potential Impacts by Policy

Policy Potential impact identified

Policy 2: Spatial Approach Increased population - potential to increase vehicle emissions and recreational pressure

Policy 3: Quantity of New Development Increased population - potential to increase vehicle emissions and recreational pressure

Policy 4: Distribution of New Increased population - potential to increase vehicle emissions and Development recreational pressure

Policy 15: Neighbourhood Planning and As Neighbourhood Plans are required to propose growth over and Infrastructure above that set out in the Local Plan there is potential for neighbourhood plans to increase levels of growth and therefore vehicle emissions and recreational pressure

Policy 30: Housing Land Allocations Increased population - potential to increase vehicle emissions and recreational pressure

36 Defra Conserving Biodiversity in a Changing Climate: Guidance on Building Capacity to Adapt (2007)

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Policy Potential impact identified

Policy 35: Density of Residential Increased population - potential to increase vehicle emissions and Development recreational pressure

Policy 53: Meeting the Need for Primary Potential to increase dust emissions - depending on whether the Aggregates working method of Thrislington quarry is revised over the Plan period

5.114 No other 'in combination' plans and projects were identified as having the potential to impact upon Thrislington SAC.

North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA

Introduction

5.115 The potential impact of the Local Plan on the North Pennine Moors SAC and the North Pennine Moors SPA were considered in combination as qualifying SPA species are largely reliant on the extent and distribution of qualifying SAC species. Any potential impact to the SAC was therefore also considered to have a knock on effect to the SPA. This section introduces both sites and identifies potential inter-related impacts.

5.116 North Pennine Moors SPA was designated in February 2001 and covers an area of approximately 147,246 hectares across the administrative boundaries of Cumbria, Durham, North Yorkshire and Northumberland. Approximately, 46,736 hectares of the designation (31.74%) is within County Durham's boundary across the former district areas of Teesdale and Weardale.

5.117 North Pennine Moors SAC was designated in April 2005 and covers an area of approximately 103,109 hectares across the administrative boundaries of Cumbria, Durham, North Yorkshire and Northumberland. Approximately, 29,293 hectares of the designation (28.41%) is within County Durham's boundary across the former district areas of Teesdale and Weardale.

5.118 The North Pennine Moors (along with the North York Moors) hold much of the upland heathland of northern England. At higher altitudes and to the wetter west and north of the site complex, the heaths grade into extensive areas of blanket bogs. The site is considered as supporting the major area of blanket bog in England. A significant proportion remains active with accumulating peat, although these areas are often bounded by sizeable zones of currently non-active bog, albeit on deep peat. The habitat of North Pennine Moors SAC supports breeding pairs of Hen harrier, Merlin, Peregrine falcon, European Golden plover, Dunlin and Eurasian curlew.

Qualifying Features

SAC

Northern Atlantic wet heaths with Erica tetralix: Wet heathland with cross-leaved heath European dry heaths Juniperus communis formations on heaths or calcareous grasslands; Juniper on heaths or calcareous grasslands Calaminarian grasslands of the Violetalia calaminariae; Grasslands on soils rich in heavy metals Siliceous alpine and boreal grasslands; Montane acid grasslands Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies: on calcareous substrates (Festuco-Brometalia); Dry grasslands and scrublands on chalk or limestone Blanket bogs Petrifying springs with tufa formation (Cratoneurion); Hard-water springs depositing lime

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Alkaline fens; Calcium-rich springwater-fed fens Siliceous scree of the montane to snow levels (Androsacetalia alpinae and Galepsietalia ladani); Acidic scree Calcareous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation; Plants in crevices in base-rich rocks Siliceous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation; Plants in crevices on acid rocks Old sessile oak woods with Ilex and Blechnum in the Bristish Isles; Western acidic oak woodland Saxifraga hirculus; Marsh saxifrage

SPA

Circus cyaneus; Hen harrier (Breeding) Falco columbarius; Merlin (Breeding) Falco peregrinus; Peregrine falcon (Breeding) Pluvialis apricaria; European golden plover (Breeding) Calidris alpina alpina; Dunlin (Breeding) Numenius arquata; Eurasian curlew (Breeding)

Conservation Objectives

SAC

5.119 Avoid the deterioration of the habitats of the qualifying natural habitats and the habitats of qualifying species and the significant disturbance of those qualifying species, ensuring the integrity of the site is maintained and the site makes a full contribution to achieving Favourable Conservation Status of each of the qualifying features.

5.120 Subject to natural change, to maintain or restore:

The extent and distribution of the habitats of the qualifying features; The structure and function (including typical species) of qualifying natural habitats and habitats of qualifying species The supporting processes on which qualifying natural habitats and habitats of qualifying species rely; The populations of the qualifying species; The distribution of the qualifying species within the site.

SPA

5.121 Avoid the deterioration of the habitats of the qualifying features, and the significant disturbance of the qualifying features, ensuring the integrity of the site is maintained and the site makes a full contribution to achieving the aims of the Birds Directive.

5.122 Subject to natural change, to maintain or restore:

The extent and distribution of the habitats of the qualifying features; The structure and function of the habitats of the qualifying features; The supporting processes on which the habitats of the qualifying features rely; The populations of the qualifying features; The distribution of the qualifying features within the site

70 Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options Natura 2000 Sites 5

Condition Assessment

5.123 North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA comprises sixteen component SSSI's. During the most recent Condition Assessment process, 9.8% of the component SSSI's combined were classified as 'area favourable,' 89.22% were classified as 'unfavourable recovering,' 0.5% were classified as 'unfavourable no change' and 0.4% were classified as unfavourable declining.' Between the condition assessments of 2011 and 2012 the following sites have either improved or declined:

Appleby Fell SSSI - Improvement of 1.7% (170 ha) now classified as unfavourable recovering Moorhouse and Cross Fell SSSI - Decline of 2.68% (367 ha) now classified as unfavourable declining

5.124 From examination of the UK Air Pollution Information System (37) it can be seen that North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA is currently subject to poor air quality.

Table 16 Air Pollutants Affecting North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA (red shading indicates exceedance of thresholds, amber shading indicates pollutants that are close to exceeding critical thresholds)

SAC/SPA APIS Grid ref Acid dep Ammonia N dep. (kg NOx Ozone SO2 Feature N dep. 3 3 Habitat (central (keq/ha/yr) (µg/m ) N/ha/year) (NO2 (ppb (µg/m most Critical point of m-) hours) sensitive to load site) N and acid ranges deposition

North Upland SE137749 2.57 1 27.6 8.2 2286 1.2 N ranges Pennine heaths 10-20 kg Moors N/ha/year. SAC This AA uses 10

Raised SE137749 2.57 1 27.6 8.2 2286 1.2 Habitats N ranges bog Directive 5-10 kg and Annex 1 – N/ha/year. blanket Blanket This AA bogs Bogs uses 5

North Raised SE137749 2.11 0.5 23.2 6.9 2006 0.8 Threats to N Pennine bog the upland ranges Moors and moor habitat 5-10 kg SPA blanket on which N/ha/year. bog Pluvaris This AA apricaria uses 5 (Golden Plover) breeds and feeds

Vulnerability

5.125 All interest features have been affected by excessive livestock grazing levels across parts of the site. These have been, and are still, encouraged by headage payments, but agreements with graziers and moorland owners, including those in Wildlife Enhancement and Countryside Stewardship schemes, are starting to overcome the problems of overgrazing. In places, the difficulty of reaching agreements on commons, which cover much of the site, means that successes are limited at present, and continues to prevent restoration. Drainage of wet areas can also be a problem; drains have been cut across many areas of blanket bog, disrupting the hydrology and causing erosion, but in most parts these are being blocked and the habitat restored under agreements. Burning is a traditional management tool on these moorlands, which contributes to

37 APIS

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maintaining high populations of SPA breeding birds. However, over-intensive and inappropriate burning is damaging to heath and blanket bog and further agreements are needed with the landowners to achieve sympathetic burning regimes. Restoration, to some degree, of a mosaic of more natural habitats across parts of the site is desirable. Acid and nitrogen deposition continue to have damaging effects on the site. Recreational acitivity may also be problematic.

Key Environmental Conditions

5.126 The key environmental conditions required to support site integrity comprise the following:

SAC

Control of grazing

Appropriate moorland management including management of scrub/tree/bracken encroachment

Limited air pollution

No drainage of wet areas - maintenance of wet areas

Maintenance of water quality - organics/silt form physical disturbance

Limited erosion by human impacts (e.g. Recreation)

Very little peat extraction (no mechanised extraction)

SPA

No loss of area of habitat

Grazing to maintain suitable moorland

Control of erosion and peat extraction

Diversity, age and structure of vegetation

Food availability (birds, day flying moths, small mammals, soil and ground surface invertebrates)

Open landscape

Lack of disturbance and persecution (moor burning, vehicles, stock, dogs and walkers)

Potential Effects of the Plan

Air Quality

5.127 As the North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA has been identified as exceeding critical thresholds in respect of nitrogen and acid deposition any increase in these pollutants, however slight is considered likely to significantly affect site integrity. Whilst the Local Plan is unlikely to lead to a significant proportion of new traffic growth in West Durham due to the number of allocations

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on its own (38) a precautionary standpoint has been taken with due regard to the potential cumulative impact of increased tourism and associated vehicles to this area. Roads in West Durham within 200 metres of the North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA include:

The B6278 between Eggleston and Edmundbyers The B6277 between Bowlees and Harwood The B6276 between Thringarth and Lune Head The A66 between Bowes and Bowes Moor An unclassified road between Stanhope and Rookhope

5.128 In terms of minerals working, a number of quarries exist in the area with several sites being located within or adjacent to the North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA. The bridging assessment determined that the following active, inactive and dormant sites have the potential to impact upon the SAC and SPA as a result of vehicle emissions associated with haulage and / or dust emissions associated with blasting if working at the sites were to either continue or re-commence over the Local Plan period:

Harrowbank and Asby Bank Quarry (Carboniferous Limestone - Inactive) Bollihope Quarry (Carboniferous Limestone - Dormant) Harthope Head Quarry (Ganister - Active) Dead Friars Quarry (Natural Building and Roofing Stone - Active)

Water Quality

5.129 The North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA is water dependant and sensitive to changes to water quality. Whilst the Local Plan is unlikely to significantly increase run off or sewage flooding due to the location and level of development allocated to the West of the County it was considered necessary to build in additional safeguards into policy in respect of non-mains sewerage.

5.130 West Durham is a rural and relatively remote area of County Durham and in some circumstance there is no public sewer system to connect to. In such circumstances alternative means of disposing of wastewater are required, such as cess pits and septic tanks. Whilst individually such methods of disposal may pose little risk to surface or groundwater quality, the cumulative impact of lots of such schemes could be detrimental to the SAC or SPA in the long term.

5.131 Accordingly, Policy 46: Water Environment was amended to restrict the use of Cess Pits and prioritise the use of package treatment plants to septic tanks.

5.132 In terms of minerals working, a number of quarries exist in the area with several sites being located within or adjacent to the North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA. The bridging assessment determined that the following active, inactive and dormant sites have the potential to impact upon the SAC and SPA as a result of surface and groundwater contamination if working at the sites were to either continue or re-commence over the Local Plan period:

Harrowbank and Asby Bank Quarry (Carboniferous Limestone - Inactive) Bollihope Quarry (Carboniferous Limestone - Dormant) Carriers Hill Quarry (Carboniferous Limestone - Dormant) Greenfield Quarry (Carboniferous Limestone - Dormant) Parson Byers Quarry (Carboniferous Limestone - Dormant)

38 A total of 534 houses have been allocated between the settlements of Barnard Castle, Middleton-in-Teesdale, Cockfield and Wolsingham

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Harthope Head Quarry (Ganister - Active) Dead Friars Quarry (Natural Building and Roofing Stone - Active)

Hydrology

5.133 The North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA is vulnerable to changes in groundwater supply particularly in respect of blanket bog drying up. Whilst the Local Plan does not allocate or promote remote rural developments needing their own water supply and thus requiring an abstraction borehole or spring, the minerals bridging assessment identifies a number of active, inactive and dormant sites that have the potential to affect groundwater supply if working at the sites were to either continue or re-commence over the Local Plan period. These include:

Harrowbank and Asby Bank Quarry (Carboniferous Limestone - Inactive)(39) Bollihope Quarry (Carboniferous Limestone - Dormant) Carriers Hill Quarry (Carboniferous Limestone - Dormant) Greenfield Quarry (Carboniferous Limestone - Dormant) Parson Byers Quarry (Carboniferous Limestone - Dormant) Whitehills Quarry (Carboniferous Limestone - Dormant) Harthope Head Quarry (Ganister - Active) Dead Friars Quarry (Natural Building and Roofing Stone - Active)

Land Take

5.134 The impact of the Local Plan on land take was considered in respect of direct land take from the SAC and SPA and of areas of land that may not be designated but may support qualifying species as identified by the Mapping Sensitive Areas for Birds Report.(40) None of the housing allocations within the Local Plan will result in land take from the SAC or SPA either directly or as a result of loss of functional land. However, it was considered that the Local Plan should include controls governing the location of development that may come forward over the Plan period.

5.135 In terms of minerals working, a number of quarries exist in the area with several sites being located within or adjacent to the North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA. The bridging assessment determined that the following active, inactive and dormant sites have the potential to impact upon the SAC and SPA as a result of either direct land take or land take of areas that may constitute functional land if working at the sites were to either continue or re-commence over the Local Plan period:

Harrowbank and Asby Bank Quarry (Carboniferous Limestone - Inactive)(41) Bollihope Quarry (Carboniferous Limestone - Dormant) Crossthwaite Quarry (Dolerite - Dormant) Middleton Quarry (Dolerite - Dormant) Park End Quarry (Dolerite - Dormant) Harthope Head Quarry (Ganister - Active) Dead Friars Quarry (Natural Building and Roofing Stone - Active)

5.136 Several other dormant sites including Parson Byers Quarry, Greenfield Quarry, Carriers Hill Quarry and Puddingthorn Quarry were also identified as supporting species of Curlew. However, this issue was not considered likely to give rise to significant adverse effects given the availability of alternative habitat in the North Pennines.

39 This site would require the agreement of new working and restoration conditions prior to recommencement 40 E3 Ecology Ltd: Mapping Sensitive areas for birds within Stockton and Five Districts of County Durham (2009) 41 This site would require the agreement of new working and restoration conditions prior to recommencement

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Recreational Pressure

5.137 Given the potential for the North Pennine Moors to be used for recreational activity we are unable to conclude that new housing within 36 miles of the SAC or SPA or tourism development that encourages access to the North Pennine Moors will not contribute cumulatively and in combination with other plans and projects to recreational pressure on this site to a damaging degree. An increase in recreational use of the Moors can be detrimental to the ecology of the area, with many existing routes used by walkers, cyclists and horse-riders, traversing habitats which are very sensitive to such pressure. Increased use of all-terrain vehicles for recreational agricultural and sporting activities could also result in local erosion. Increased recreational pressure also has the potential to increase levels of disturbance to qualifying SPA species which may affect breeding success. Maps showing the SAC and SPA in relation to existing PROW can be viewed in Appendix F.

5.138 The 36 mile recreational catchment was identified by Natural England's Site Report for the North Pennine AONB in respect of average visitor travelling distance to Cow Green reservoir (within Moor House Upper Teesdale SAC). (42) 36 miles is the furthest average travelling distance to popular visitor locations in Teesdale and has been extrapolated as a precautionary measure to apply to all Natura 2000 site designations in Teesdale and Weardale.

Urbanisation - Increased Predation

5.139 Whilst the North Pennine Moors SPA would be vulnerable to increased levels of predation it was determined that the the Local Plan is unlikely to significantly affect the integrity of the SPA via this impact pathway. No housing allocation in West Durham are within 400 metres (43) of the SPA and a low level of development (169 houses) is proposed over the Plan period to the settlements in closest proximity to the SPA. Both of these settlements (Wolsingham and Middleton-in-Teesdale) are also physically separated from the North Pennine Moors SPA by the River Wear.

Urbanisation - Invasive Species

5.140 Invasive species as a result of inappropriate planting linked to new development and inappropriate garden waste disposal have the potential to affect the structure and function of qualifying habitat of North Pennine Moors SAC. However, the significance of this issue was screened out due to the low levels of growth proposed to settlements in closest proximity to the SAC over the Local Plan period.

Species Disturbance

5.141 In addition to species disturbance as a result of increased recreational pressure, consideration was given to the potential impact of noise and vibration levels to qualifying SPA species from minerals working required to meet Plan policy. A number of quarries exist in the area with several sites being located within or adjacent to the North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA. The bridging assessment determined that the following active, allocated, inactive and dormant sites have the potential to impact upon the SPA as a result of noise levels affecting feeding, roosting and breeding success if working at the sites were to either continue or re-commence over the Local Plan period:

Proposed western extension to Heights Quarry (Carboniferous Limestone - Allocated Site) Harrowbank and Asby Bank Quarry (Carboniferous Limestone - Inactive)(44)

42 Natural England Site Report: North Pennines AONB (2009) 43 Turner and Meister (1988) found the mean range of cats to be 371 metres 44 This site would require the agreement of new working and restoration conditions prior to recommencement

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 75 5 Natura 2000 Sites

Bollihope Quarry (Carboniferous Limestone - Dormant) Carriers Hill Quarry (Carboniferous Limestone - Dormant) Parson Byers Quarry (Carboniferous Limestone - Dormant) Harthope Head Quarry (Ganister - Active) Dead Friars Quarry (Natural Building and Roofing Stone - Active) Force Garth (Dolerite - Active)

5.142 Increased disturbance to qualifying SPA species as a result of minerals working has the potential to result in cumulative effects in combination with disturbance of species as a result of increased recreational pressure.

5.143 The Local Plan does not provide for any allocations governing the location of renewable energy schemes that can also disturb qualifying species (and affect air quality in respect of biomass schemes). However, policies governing renewable energy development were considered to incorporate adequate safeguards to avoid adverse effects to the SPA over the Plan period.

Ability to Adapt to Climate Change

5.144 One of the guidelines for ensuring adaptation includes reducing sources of harm not linked to climate change. (45) Accordingly, as issues relating to deterioration of air quality, water quality, hydrology, land take, recreational pressure and species disturbance cannot be screened out it is unlikely that the Local Plan will contribute positively to building capacity for the qualifying species of North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA to adapt to climate change. Potential hydrological impacts could increase the severity of climate change effects.

Screening Summary

5.145 Issues of air quality, water quality, hydrology, land take, recreational pressure, urbanisation impacts, species disturbance and climate change have all been considered in relation to potential impacts of the Local Plan on North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA. At this stage, only impacts in relation to urbanisation effects can be screened out. All other issues will therefore require further investigation where necessary at the appropriate assessment stage and avoidance / mitigation measures will need to be developed. A summary of the policies considered likely to contribute to adverse effects is given in Table 17.

Table 17 Summary of Potential Impacts by Policy

Policy Potential impact identified

Policy 2: Spatial Approach Increased population - potential to increase vehicle emissions and recreational pressure

Policy 3: Quantity of New Development Increased population - potential to increase vehicle emissions and recreational pressure

Policy 4: Distribution of New Development Increased population - potential to increase vehicle emissions and recreational pressure

Policy 15: Neighbourhood Planning and As Neighbourhood Plans are required to propose growth over and Infrastructure above that set out in the Local Plan there is potential for neighbourhood plans to increase levels of growth and therefore vehicle emissions and recreational pressure

Policy 27: Tourist Attractions Potential to increase vehicle emissions and recreational pressure

45 Defra Conserving Biodiversity in a Changing Climate: Guidance on Building Capacity to Adapt (2007)

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Policy Potential impact identified

Policy 28: Tourist Accommodation Potential to increase vehicle emissions and recreational pressure

Policy 30: Housing Land Allocations Increased population - potential to increase vehicle emissions and recreational pressure

Policy 53: Meeting the Need for Primary Range of impacts relating to air quality, water quality, hydrology, Aggregates land take and species disturbance

Policy 57: Natural Building and Roofing Range of impacts relating to air quality, water quality, hydrology, Stone land take and species disturbance

Policy 59: Strategic Site Allocation West of Species disturbance Heights Quarry

5.146 Other plans and projects considered to act in combination with the Local Plan in terms of increasing recreational pressure, vehicle emissions and forms of disturbance include:

County Durham Economic Strategy 2008-2013 County Durham Area Tourism Management Plan 2010 Tourism Destination Plan for Stanhope 2009 North East England Regional Renewable Energy Strategy 2005 (North East Assemby, TNEI) North Yorkshire County Council Minerals and Waste Site Allocations and Development Plan Policies

North Pennine Dales Meadows SAC

Introduction

5.147 The North Pennine Dales Meadows SAC was designated in April 2005 and comprises a total area of approximately 497 hectares. Individual designated sites are located across the administrative boundaries of Cumbria, Durham, North Yorkshire, Northumberland and Lancashire. Approximately, 139 hectares of the designation (27.89%) is within County Durham's boundary and is comprised of ten individual sites across the former district areas of Teesdale and Weardale. The sites are located as follows:

Lanehead - Weardale Burnhope Reservoir - Weardale Snowhope Moor - Weardale Bowlees (two sites) - Teesdale Dent Bank - Teesdale Grassholme Reservoir - Teesdale Hury Reservoir - Teesdale Blackton Reservoir - Teesdale Grains O' th' Beck - Teesdale

5.148 The series of isolated fields that comprise this SAC encompass the range of variation exhibited by Mountain hay meadows in the UK and contains the major part of the remaining UK resources of this habitats type. The grasslands included within the SAC exhibit very limited effects of agricultural improvement and show good conservation of structure and function. A wide range of rare and local meadow species are contained within the meadows.

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 77 5 Natura 2000 Sites

Qualifying Features

Molinia meadows on calcareous, peaty or clayey-slit laden soils (Molinion caeruleae); Purple moor-grass meadows Mountain hay meadows

Conservation Objectives

5.149 Avoid the deterioration of the habitats of the qualifying natural habitats and the habitats of qualifying species and the significant disturbance of those qualifying species, ensuring the integrity of the site is maintained and the site makes a full contribution to achieving Favourable Conservation Status of each of the qualifying features.

5.150 Subject to natural change, to maintain or restore:

The extent and distribution of the habitats of the qualifying features; The structure and function (including typical species) of qualifying natural habitats and habitats of qualifying species The supporting processes on which qualifying natural habitats and habitats of qualifying species rely; The populations of the qualifying species; The distribution of the qualifying species within the site.

Condition Assessment

5.151 The North Pennine Dales Meadows SAC comprises nine component SSSI's. During the most recent Condition Assessment process, 77% of the component SSSI's combined were classified as 'area favourable,' 18% were classified as 'unfavourable recovering,' and 5% were classified as 'unfavourable no change.' The status of the SSSI's have not changed between the condition assessments of 2011 and 2012 and no reason has been recorded for adverse condition.

5.152 However, from examination of the UK Air Pollution Information System (46) it can be seen that North Pennine Dales Meadows SAC is currently subject to poor air quality.

Table 18 Air Pollutants Affecting North Pennine Dales Meadows SAC (red shading indicates exceedance of thresholds, amber shading indicates pollutants that are close to exceeding critical thresholds)

SAC/SPA APIS Grid ref Acid dep Ammonia N dep. (kg NOx Ozone SO2 Feature N dep. 3 3 Habitat (central (keq/ha/yr) (µg/m ) N/ha/year) (NO2 (ppb (µg/m most Critical point of m-) hours) sensitive load site) to N and ranges acid deposition

North Unimproved NY931256 2.07 0.8 23.1 7.1 1849 0.8 Habitats N ranges Pennine Hay Directive 10-20 kg Dales meadow Annex 1 – N/ha/year. Meadows Mountain This AA SAC Hay uses 10 Meadows

46 APIS

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Vulnerability

5.153 These grasslands are dependent upon traditional agricultural management, with hay-cutting and no or minimal use of agrochemicals. Such management is no longer economic. Management agreements and ESA payments are being used to promote the continuation of traditional management. The refining of the prescriptions underpinning these schemes in the light of the findings of monitoring programmes is an important, continuing, part of delivering favourable condition.

Key Environmental Conditions

5.154 The key environmental conditions required to support site integrity comprise the following:

No reduction in area and any consequent fragmentation

Appropriate management (grasslands are dependent upon traditional agricultural management, with hay cutting)

No exposure to inorganic fertilisers and pesticides

Limited air pollution

Potential Effects of the Plan

Air Quality

5.155 As the North Pennine Dales Meadows SAC has been identified as exceeding critical thresholds in respect of nitrogen deposition any increase in this pollutant, however slight is considered likely to significantly affect site integrity. Whilst the Local Plan is unlikely to lead to a significant proportion of new traffic growth in West Durham due to the number of allocations on its own (47) a precautionary standpoint has been taken with due regard to the potential cumulative impact of increased tourism and associated vehicles to this area. Roads in West Durham within 200 metres of the North Pennine Dales Meadows SAC include:

The B6276 between Nettlepot and Grains O' th' Beck The B6277 between Dent Bank and Langdon Beck The A689 between Cowshill and Lanehead The B6295 between Cowshill and Allenheads Unclassified road to Holwick Unclassified road between Hury and Balder Head

5.156 In terms of minerals working, a number of quarries exist in the area with several sites being located in close proximity to the SAC designations near Holwick, Dent Bank and Bowlees in Teesdale. The bridging assessment determined that the following active and dormant sites have the potential to impact upon the SAC as a result of vehicle emissions associated with haulage and / or dust emissions associated with blasting if working at the sites were to either continue or re-commence over the Local Plan period:

Force Garth Quarry (Dolerite - Active) Middleton Quarry (Dolerite - Dormant)

47 A total of 534 houses have been allocated between the settlements of Barnard Castle, Middleton-in-Teesdale, Cockfield and Wolsingham

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 79 5 Natura 2000 Sites

Crossthwaite Quarry (Dolerite - Dormant) Park End Quarry (Dolerite - Dormant)

Water Quality

5.157 The North Pennine Dales Meadows SAC is vulnerable to nutrient enrichment which may predominantly arise as a result of agricultural activities and run off from surrounding fields and tributaries. Whilst the Local Plan is unlikely to significantly increase run off or sewage flooding due to the location and level of development allocated to the West of the County it was considered necessary to build in additional safeguards into policy in respect of non-mains sewerage to avoid adverse in-combination impacts as a result of agricultural practises.

5.158 West Durham is a rural and relatively remote area of County Durham and in some circumstance there is no public sewer system to connect to. In such circumstances alternative means of disposing of wastewater are required, such as cess pits and septic tanks. Whilst individually such methods of disposal may pose little risk to water quality, the cumulative impact of lots of such schemes could be detrimental to the SAC in the long term.

5.159 Accordingly, Policy 46: Water Environment was amended to restrict the use of Cess Pits and prioritise the use of package treatment plants to septic tanks.

5.160 The minerals bridging assessment screened out any adverse impact to water quality as a result of continued working or potential recommencement of dormant quarry sites in the area.

Hydrology

5.161 The North Pennine Dales Meadows SAC is designated for its Molinia meadows belonging to the wet meadow community and may potentially be affected by changes in water supply. However, the Local Plan does not allocate or promote remote rural developments needing their own water supply thus requiring an abstraction borehole or spring and the minerals bridging assessment screened out any impact to this SAC as a consequence of continued working or potential recommencement of inactive and dormant quarry sites over the Plan period.

Land Take

5.162 The impact of the Local Plan on land take was considered in respect of direct land take from the SAC and of areas of land that may not be designated but may support qualifying species. None of the housing allocations within the Local Plan will result in land take from the SAC either directly or as a result of loss of functional land. However, it was considered that the Local Plan should include controls governing the location of development that may come forward over the Plan period.

5.163 In terms of minerals working, the continued working or potential re-commencement of quarry site in West Durham will not result in land take from the SAC.

Recreational Pressure

5.164 Given the potential for the North Pennine Moors area to be used for recreational activity we are unable to conclude that new housing within 36 miles of the SAC or tourism development that encourages access to the North Pennine Moors will not contribute cumulatively and in combination with other plans and projects to recreational pressure on the North Pennine Dales Meadows SAC to a damaging degree as a result of increased trampling. PROW including the Pennine Way National Trail transect several of the designated sites. Maps showing the SAC sites in relation to existing PROW can be viewed in Appendix F.

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5.165 The 36 mile recreational catchment was identified by Natural England's Site Report for the North Pennine AONB in respect of average visitor travelling distance to Cow Green reservoir (within Moor House Upper Teesdale SAC). (48) 36 miles is the furthest average travelling distance to popular visitor locations in Teesdale and has been extrapolated as a precautionary measure to apply to all Natura 2000 site designations in Teesdale and Weardale.

Urbanisation - Increased Predation

5.166 An increase in predation was not considered to be a potential impact pathway to the North Pennine Dales Meadows SAC due to the nature of the SAC in respect of its qualifying features, habitat, vulnerabilities and key environmental conditions. The impact of the Local Plan on predation levels affecting these sites were therefore not considered.

Urbanisation - Invasive Species

5.167 Invasive species as a result of inappropriate planting linked to new development and inappropriate garden waste disposal may have the potential to affect the structure and function of qualifying habitat of the North Pennine Dales Meadows SAC. However, the significance of this issue was screened out due to the low levels of growth proposed to West Durham over the Local Plan period and the remoteness of the SAC sites from existing settlements.

Species Disturbance

5.168 An increase in disturbance was not considered to be a potential impact pathway to the North Pennine Dales Meadows SAC due to the nature of the SAC in respect of its qualifying features, habitat, vulnerabilities and key environmental conditions. The impact of the Local Plan on disturbance levels affecting this site were therefore not considered.

Ability to Adapt to Climate Change

5.169 One of the guidelines for ensuring adaptation includes reducing sources of harm not linked to climate change. (49) Accordingly, as issues relating to deterioration of air quality and recreational pressure cannot be screened out it is unlikely that the Local Plan will contribute positively to building capacity for the qualifying species of the North Pennine Dales Meadows SAC to adapt to climate change.

Screening Summary

5.170 Issues of air quality, water quality, land take, recreational pressure, invasive species and climate change have all been considered in relation to potential impacts of the Local Plan on North Pennine Dales Meadows SAC. At this stage, we cannot say that the Local Plan is unlikely to lead to significant adverse effects on the SAC as a result of a deterioration in air quality and increased recreational pressure. These issues will therefore require further investigation where necessary at the appropriate assessment stage and avoidance / mitigation measures will need to be developed. A summary of the policies considered likely to contribute to adverse effects is given in Table 20.

Table 19 Summary of Potential Impacts by Policy

Policy Potential impact identified

Policy 2: Spatial Approach Increased population - potential to increase vehicle emissions and recreational pressure

48 Natural England Site Report: North Pennines AONB (2009) 49 Defra Conserving Biodiversity in a Changing Climate: Guidance on Building Capacity to Adapt (2007)

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Policy Potential impact identified

Policy 3: Quantity of New Development Increased population - potential to increase vehicle emissions and recreational pressure

Policy 4: Distribution of New Development Increased population - potential to increase vehicle emissions and recreational pressure

Policy 15: Neighbourhood Planning and As Neighbourhood Plans are required to propose growth over and Infrastructure above that set out in the Local Plan there is potential for neighbourhood plans to increase levels of growth and therefore vehicle emissions and recreational pressure

Policy 27: Tourist Attractions Potential to increase vehicle emissions and recreational pressure

Policy 28: Tourist Accommodation Potential to increase vehicle emissions and recreational pressure

Policy 30: Housing Land Allocations Increased population - potential to increase vehicle emissions and recreational pressure

Policy 53: Meeting the Need for Primary Range of impacts relating to air quality, water quality, hydrology, land Aggregates take and species disturbance

Policy 57: Natural Building and Roofing Range of impacts relating to air quality, water quality, hydrology, land Stone take and species disturbance

5.171 Other plans and projects considered to act in combination with the Local Plan in terms of increasing recreational pressure and vehicle emissions include:

County Durham Economic Strategy 2008-2013 County Durham Area Tourism Management Plan 2010 Tourism Destination Plan for Stanhope 2009

Moor House Upper Teesdale SAC

Introduction

5.172 The potential impact of the Local Plan on Moor House Upper Teesdale SAC and the North Pennine Moors SPA were considered in combination as qualifying SPA species are largely reliant on the extent and distribution of qualifying SAC species. Any potential impact to the SAC was therefore also considered to have a knock on effect to the SPA. The North Pennine Moors SPA is described in Sections 5.115 to 5.126 and this section identifies potential inter-related impacts.

5.173 Moor House Upper Teesdale SAC was designated in April 2005 and comprises a total area of approximately 38,796 hectares across the administrative boundaries of Cumbria and Durham. Approximately, 18,622 hectares of the designated area (48%) is within County Durham's boundary in the former district area of Teesdale.

5.174 Moor House Upper Teesdale has the most extensive area of Alpine and Boreal Heaths south of Scotland and has the most extensive area of juniper scrub in the UK. The summit of Cross Fell has the best developed and most extensive area of Siliceous alpine and boreal grassland in England. The site includes the least damaged and most extensive tracts of typical blanket mire in England and shows this community type up to its highest altitude in England.

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Qualifying Features

Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of Chara spp; Calcium-rich nutrient-poor lakes, lochs and pools. European dry heaths Alpine and Boreal heaths; Alpine and subalpine heaths Juniperus communis formations on heaths or calcareous grasslands; Juniper on heaths or calcareous grasslands Calaminarian grasslands of the Violetalia calaminariae; Grasslands on soils rich in heavy metals Siliceous alpine and boreal grasslands; Montane acid grasslands Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies: on calcareous substrates (Festuco-Brometalia); Dry grasslands and scrublands on chalk or limestone Molinia meadows on calcareous, peaty or clayey-silt-laden soils (Molinion caeruleae); Purple moor-grass meadows Hydrophilous tall herb fringe communities of plains and of the montane to alpine levels Mountain hay meadows Blanket bogs Petrifying springs with tufa formation (Cratoneurion); Hard-water springs depositing lime Alkaline fens; Base rich fens Alpine pioneer formations of the Caricion bicoloris-atrofuscae; High-altitude plant communities associated with areas of water seepage Siliceous scree of the montane to snow levels (Androsacetalia alpinae and Galeopsietalia ladani); Acidic scree Calcareous and calcshist screes of the montane to alpine levels (Thlaspietea rotundifolii); Base rich scree Calcareous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation; Plants in crevices in base-rich rocks Siliceous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation; Plants in crevices on acid rocks Limestone pavements Vertigo genesii; Round-mouthed whorl snail Saxifraga hirculus; Marsh saxifrage

Conservation Objectives

5.175 Avoid the deterioration of the habitats of the qualifying natural habitats and the habitats of qualifying species and the significant disturbance of those qualifying species, ensuring the integrity of the site is maintained and the site makes a full contribution to achieving Favourable Conservation Status of each of the qualifying features.

5.176 Subject to natural change, to maintain or restore:

The extent and distribution of the habitats of the qualifying features; The structure and function (including typical species) of qualifying natural habitats and habitats of qualifying species The supporting processes on which qualifying natural habitats and habitats of qualifying species rely; The populations of the qualifying species; The distribution of the qualifying species within the site.

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Condition Assessment

5.177 Moor House Upper Teesdale SAC comprises four component SSSI's. During the most recent Condition Assessment process, 8% of the component SSSI's combined were classified as 'area favourable,' 90% were classified as 'unfavourable recovering,' 1.4% were classified as 'unfavourable no change' and 0.6% were classified as unfavourable declining.' Between the condition assessments of 2011 and 2012 the following sites have either improved or declined:

Appleby Fell SSSI - Improvement of 1.7% (170 ha) now classified as unfavourable recovering Moorhouse and Cross Fell SSSI - Decline of 2.68% (367 ha) now classified as unfavourable declining

5.178 From examination of the UK Air Pollution Information System (50) it can be seen that Moor House Upper Teesdale SAC is currently subject to poor air quality.

Table 20 Air Pollutants Affecting Moor House Upper Teesdale SAC (red shading indicates exceedance of critical thresholds)

SAC/SPA APIS Grid ref Acid dep Ammonia N dep. (kg NOx Ozone SO2 Feature N dep. 3 3 Habitat (central (keq/ha/yr) (µg/m ) N/ha/year) (NO2 (ppb (µg/m most Critical point of m-) hours) sensitive load site) to N and ranges acid deposition

Moor Alkaline NY799358 There is no 0.6 23.8 6.9 2237 0.7 N ranges House- fens & reed comparable 10-15 kg Upper beds acid critical N/ha/year. Teesdale load class This AA SAC uses 10

Unimproved NY799358 2.13 0.6 23.8 6.9 2237 0.7 N ranges hay 10-20 kg meadow N/ha/year. This AA uses 10

Montane NY799358 2.13 0.6 23.8 6.9 2237 0.7 Habitats N ranges heaths and Directive 5-15 kg scrubs Annex 1 – N/ha/year. Alpine and This AA Boreal uses 5 Heaths

Raised bog NY799358 2.13 0.6 23.8 6.9 2237 0.7 Habitats N ranges and blanket Directive 5-10 kg bogs Annex 1 – N/ha/year. Blanket This AA Bogs uses 5

Upland NY799358 2.13 0.6 23.8 6.9 2237 0.7 N ranges Heaths 10-20 kg N/ha/year. This AA uses 10

Calcareous NY799358 2.13 0.6 23.8 6.9 2237 0.7 N ranges grassland 15-25 kg N/ha/year. this AA uses 15kg

50 APIS

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Vulnerability

5.179 Ecologically unsustainable grazing, driven by agricultural support mechanisms, has had a deleterious effect on virtually all the Annex I habitats listed, to the extent that for some habitats it is difficult to make the necessary assessments of conservation structure and function required here. This serious problem has so far been very difficult to solve, requiring fundamental policy change as well as targeted local action. Some successes have been achieved however through Wildlife Enhancement Schemes geared at moorland and pasture, and through the ESA and Countryside Stewardship schemes, while issues impacting on meadows have been largely addressed through meadow schemes. Refining scheme prescriptions in the light of monitoring feedback is an important part of delivering favourable condition. Inappropriate burning and drainage of bogs also need tackling; much progress has been made on the latter through partnerships. Acid deposition and the microclimatic shifts stemming from reservoir construction may also have implications for the vegetation, as may increased access.

Key Environmental Conditions

5.180 The key environmental conditions required to support site integrity comprise the following:

No loss in extent through afforestation or human activities

No planting of conifers within the hydrological unit of blanket bog

No significant erosion associated with human impacts (e.g. Drainage, fires, peat extraction, livestock grazing, recreational activities or military training)

Limited air pollution

Limited burning

Adequate supply of water-limited drainage of wet areas

Control of grazing pressures

Potential Effects of the Plan

Air Quality

5.181 As Moor House Upper Teesdale SAC has been identified as exceeding critical thresholds in respect of acid and nitrogen deposition any increase in these pollutants, however slight is considered likely to significantly affect site integrity. Whilst the Local Plan is unlikely to lead to a significant proportion of new traffic growth in West Durham due to the number of allocations on its own (51) a precautionary standpoint has been taken with due regard to the potential cumulative impact of increased tourism and associated vehicles to this area. Roads in West Durham within 200 metres of the Moor House Upper Teesdale SAC include:

The B6277 between Ettersgill and Harwood Unclassified road between Newbiggin and Daddry Shield

51 A total of 534 houses have been allocated between the settlements of Barnard Castle, Middleton-in-Teesdale, Cockfield and Wolsingham

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5.182 In terms of minerals working, a number of active and dormant dolerite quarries exist either within or adjacent to Moor House Upper Teesdale SAC. The bridging assessment determined that the following active and dormant sites have the potential to impact upon the SAC as a result of vehicle emissions associated with haulage and dust emissions associated with blasting if working at the sites were to either continue or re-commence over the Local Plan period:

Force Garth Quarry (Dolerite - Active) Middleton Quarry (Dolerite - Dormant) Crossthwaite Quarry (Dolerite - Dormant) Park End Quarry (Dolerite - Dormant)

Water Quality

5.183 Moor House Upper Teesdale SAC is water dependant and sensitive to changes to water quality. Whilst the Local Plan is unlikely to significantly increase run off or sewage flooding due to the location and level of development allocated to the West of the County it was considered necessary to build in additional safeguards into policy in respect of non-mains sewerage to avoid adverse in-combination impacts as a result of agricultural practises.

5.184 West Durham is a rural and relatively remote area of County Durham and in some circumstance there is no public sewer system to connect to. In such circumstances alternative means of disposing of wastewater are required, such as cess pits and septic tanks. Whilst individually such methods of disposal may pose little risk to water quality, the cumulative impact of lots of such schemes could be detrimental to the SAC in the long term.

5.185 Accordingly, Policy 46: Water Environment was amended to restrict the use of Cess Pits and prioritise the use of package treatment plants to septic tanks.

5.186 In terms of minerals working, the bridging assessment screened out any adverse impact to the SAC as a result of changes to water quality via the continued working of Force Garth Quarry but it was not possible to screen out adverse impact to groundwater as a result of potential recommencement of Middleton Quarry, Crossthwaite Quarry and Park End Quarry.

Hydrology

5.187 Moor House Upper Teesdale SAC is vulnerable to changes in groundwater supply particularly in respect of blanket bog drying up. Whilst the Local Plan does not allocate or promote remote rural developments needing their own water supply thus requiring an abstraction borehole or spring, the minerals bridging assessment identifies that existing active and dormant dolerite quarries have the potential to affect groundwater supply if working at the sites were to either continue or re-commence over the Local Plan period.

Land Take

5.188 The impact of the Local Plan on land take was considered in respect of direct land take from the SAC and of areas of land that may not be designated but may support qualifying species. None of the housing allocations within the Local Plan will result in land take from the SAC either directly or as a result of loss of functional land. However, it was considered that the Local Plan should include controls governing the location of development that may come forward over the Plan period.

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5.189 In terms of minerals working, the new working area identified by the operator of Force Garth Quarry would result in the loss of over 5ha of land designated as SAC. The potential recommencement of dormant dolerite sites may also result in land take from the SAC depending on proposals.

Recreational Pressure

5.190 Given the potential for the North Pennine Moors area to be used for recreational activity we are unable to conclude that new housing within 36 miles of Moor House Upper Teesdale SAC and North Pennine Moors SPA or tourism development that encourages access to the North Pennine Moors will not contribute cumulatively and in combination with other plans and projects to recreational pressure on this site to a damaging degree. An increase in recreational use of the Moors can be detrimental to the ecology of the area, with many existing routes used by walkers, cyclists and horse-riders, traversing habitats which are very sensitive to such pressure. Increased use of all-terrain vehicles for recreational agricultural and sporting activities could also result in local erosion. Increased recreational pressure also has the potential to increase levels of disturbance to qualifying SPA species which may affect breeding success. Maps showing the SAC and SPA in relation to existing PROW can be viewed in Appendix F.

5.191 The 36 mile recreational catchment was identified by Natural England's Site Report for the North Pennine AONB in respect of average visitor travelling distance to Cow Green reservoir (within Moor House Upper Teesdale SAC). (52) 36 miles is the furthest average travelling distance to popular visitor locations in Teesdale and has been extrapolated as a precautionary measure to apply to all Natura 2000 site designations in Teesdale and Weardale.

Urbanisation - Increased Predation

5.192 Whilst the North Pennine Moors SPA would be vulnerable to increased levels of predation it was determined that the the Local Plan is unlikely to significantly affect the integrity of the SPA via this impact pathway. No housing allocation in West Durham are within 400 metres (53) of the SPA and a low level of development (169 houses) is proposed over the Plan period to the settlements in closest proximity to the SPA. Both of these settlements (Wolsingham and Middleton-in-Teesdale) are also physically separated from the North Pennine Moors SPA by the River Wear.

Urbanisation - Invasive Species

5.193 Invasive species as a result of inappropriate planting linked to new development and inappropriate garden waste disposal may have the potential to affect the structure and function of qualifying habitat of Moor House Upper Teesdale SAC. However, the significance of this issue was screened out due to the low levels of growth proposed to West Durham over the Local Plan period and the remoteness of the SAC from existing settlements.

Species Disturbance

5.194 In addition to species disturbance as a result of increased recreational pressure, consideration was given to the potential impact of noise and vibration levels to qualifying SPA species from minerals working required to meet Plan policy.

52 Natural England Site Report: North Pennines AONB (2009) 53 Turner and Meister (1988) found the mean range of cats to be 371 metres

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 87 5 Natura 2000 Sites

5.195 A number of active and dormant dolerite quarries exist either within or adjacent to Moor House Upper Teesdale SAC and North Pennine Moors SPA. The bridging assessment determined that the following active, inactive and dormant sites have the potential to impact upon the SPA as a result of noise levels affecting feeding, roosting and breeding success if working at the sites were to either continue or re-commence over the Local Plan period:

Force Garth Quarry (Dolerite - Active) Middleton Quarry (Dolerite - Dormant) Crossthwaite Quarry (Dolerite - Dormant) Park End Quarry (Dolerite - Dormant)

5.196 Increased disturbance to qualifying SPA species as a result of minerals working has the potential to result in cumulative effects in combination with disturbance of species as a result of increased recreational pressure.

5.197 The Local Plan does not provide for any allocations governing the location of renewable energy schemes that can also disturb qualifying species (and affect air quality in respect of biomass schemes). However, policies governing renewable energy development were considered to incorporate adequate safeguards to avoid adverse effects to the SPA over the Plan period.

Ability to Adapt to Climate Change

5.198 One of the guidelines for ensuring adaptation includes reducing sources of harm not linked to climate change. (54) Accordingly, as issues relating to deterioration of air quality, water quality, hydrology, land take and recreational pressure cannot be screened out it is unlikely that the Local Plan will contribute positively to building capacity for the qualifying species of Moor House Upper Teesdale SAC to adapt to climate change.

Screening Summary

5.199 Issues of air quality, water quality, hydrology, land take, recreational pressure, invasive species and climate change have all been considered in relation to potential impacts of the Local Plan on North Pennine Dales Meadows SAC. At this stage, we cannot say that the Local Plan is unlikely to lead to significant adverse effects on the SAC as a result of a deterioration in air quality, water quality, hydrology, land take and increased recreational pressure. These issues will therefore require further investigation where necessary at the appropriate assessment stage and avoidance / mitigation measures will need to be developed. A summary of the policies considered likely to contribute to adverse effects is given in Table 22.

Table 21 Summary of Potential Impacts by Policy

Policy Potential impact identified

Policy 2: Spatial Approach Increased population - potential to increase vehicle emissions and recreational pressure

Policy 3: Quantity of New Development Increased population - potential to increase vehicle emissions and recreational pressure

Policy 4: Distribution of New Development Increased population - potential to increase vehicle emissions and recreational pressure

54 Defra Conserving Biodiversity in a Changing Climate: Guidance on Building Capacity to Adapt (2007)

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Policy Potential impact identified

Policy 15: Neighbourhood Planning and As Neighbourhood Plans are required to propose growth over and Infrastructure above that set out in the Local Plan there is potential for neighbourhood plans to increase levels of growth and therefore vehicle emissions and recreational pressure

Policy 27: Tourist Attractions Potential to increase vehicle emissions and recreational pressure

Policy 28: Tourist Accommodation Potential to increase vehicle emissions and recreational pressure

Policy 30: Housing Land Allocations Increased population - potential to increase vehicle emissions and recreational pressure

Policy 53: Meeting the Need for Primary Range of impacts relating to air quality, water quality, hydrology and Aggregates land take.

5.200 Other plans and projects considered to act in combination with the Local Plan in terms of increasing recreational pressure and vehicle emissions include:

County Durham Economic Strategy 2008-2013 County Durham Area Tourism Management Plan 2010 Tourism Destination Plan for Stanhope 2009

Conclusions of the Screening Stage

5.201 Of the nine European protected sites considered as part of this report, the Local Plan Preferred Options could potentially affect all nine by a combination of impact pathways identified. The sites for which we are unable to conclude that there is unlikely to be significant effects as a result of the Local Plan are:

Northumbria Coast SPA and Ramsar (recreational pressure, predation and species disturbance) Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast SPA and Ramsar (recreational pressure, predation and invasive species) Durham Coast SAC (air quality, water quality, hydrology, recreational pressure, invasive species, adaptation to climate change) Castle Eden Dene SAC (air quality, water quality) Thrislington SAC (air quality, recreational pressure) North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA (air quality, water quality, hydrology, land take, recreational pressure, species disturbance, adaptation to climate change) North Pennine Dales Meadows SAC (air quality, recreational pressure) Moor House Upper Teesdale SAC (air quality, water quality, hydrology, land take, recreational pressure)

5.202 The issues identified therefore require further assessment (i.e. Appropriate Assessment) to help refine likely effects further and determine what action is required to either avoid or mitigate adverse impact. The Appropriate Assessment process along with its recommendations and conclusions is documented in section 6, with proposals for avoidance and mitigation set out in section 7.

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Introduction

6.1 When a plan or project cannot be 'screened out' as being unlikely to lead to significant adverse effects on Natura 2000 sites, it is necessary to progress to the later 'Appropriate Assessment' stage.

6.2 Those policies that could not be screened out are re-evaluated against the sites conservation objectives using the environmental conditions necessary to maintain the integrity of the European site and a conclusion is drawn as to whether it is possible on the basis of evidence available to quantify or refine likely effects any further.

6.3 We have utilised the precautionary principle in this assessment. In practice it means that the plan is never given the benefit of the doubt; we have therefore adopted the precautionary principle and assumed that an effect identified as 'likely' will result in an adverse effect unless it can be clearly established otherwise. This is in line with the use of the precautionary principle in other HRA's of land use plans and has been accepted by Natural England in previous assessments as pragmatic.

6.4 This section outlines and summarise the further evidence collected where required to refine likely effects further in respect of each of the impact pathways and European sites identified. The evidence is outlined in full in the supporting papers:(55)

A Study of Over-wintering Waterbirds of the Durham Coast (56) Nitrogen Deposition Implications of the Local Plan (57) Recreational and Urbanisation Impacts of the Local Plan (58) Heights Quarry and Proposed Western Extension - Information to Inform Habitat Regulations Appropriate Assessment for North Pennine Moors SPA (59)

Air Quality

6.5 The qualifying species of Castle Eden Dene SAC, Thrislington SAC, North Pennine Moors SAC, North Pennine Dales Meadows SAC and Moor House Upper Teesdale SAC are sensitive and may be vulnerable to atmospheric deposition. The key environmental conditions cited in support of site integrity include limited air pollution. Durham Coast SAC may be sensitive to atmospheric deposition despite it not being listed as a site vulnerability and a precautionary approach to this site has been taken as a result.

6.6 With the exception of Durham Coast SAC for which it was not possible to obtain information, all of the sites identified above within the County boundary currently exceed the critical load for Nitrogen, with acid deposition also a problem at Castle Eden Dene, Moor House Upper Teesdale, and the North Pennine Moors. Therefore as agreed by Natural England - any new source of pollution deposition is likely to exacerbate an existing adverse effect on these vulnerable sites.

6.7 The relationship between pollutant dose and the resulting environmental effect forms the basis for the critical load concept. The critical load is defined as:

55 Available to view on the Council's website at http://durhamcc-consult.limehouse.co.uk/portal/planning/lp/hra_cdp_po 56 Cadwallender, T, M, 2012 A Study of Over-wintering Waterbirds of the Durham Coast - December 2011-March 2012 Cadwallender Consultancy 57 Prepared by Durham County Council's Ecology Team: February 2012 58 Prepared by Durham County Council's Ecology Team: June 2012 59 Middlemarch Environmental Ltd Heights Quarry and Proposed Western Extension - Information to Inform Habitat Regulations Appropriate Assessment for North Pennine Moors SPA August 2012

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"A quantitative estimate of an exposure to one or more pollutants below which significant harmful effects on specified sensitive elements of the environment do not occur according to present knowledge." (60)

6.8 Nitrogen is the second most important plant nutrient behind carbon, and the productivity of terrestrial ecosystems is generally limited by nitrogen supply. However such communities exist in balance because their growth rates are contained by the level of available Nitrogen. Hence any increase in nitrogen deposition will be expected to exert a large impact on ecosystem biodiversity. Nitrogen deposition may cause changes to species composition, often including a reduction in species richness and a loss of sensitive ‘lower plants’; changes to soil microbial processes; changes to plant and soil biochemistry; increased susceptibility to abiotic stresses (such as winter injury) and biotic stresses (such as pests and pathogens); and it also contributes towards acidification.

6.9 The loading of Nitrogen in wet deposition will depend on the amount of precipitation and the amount of Nitrogen.(61)In the east, Nitrogen concentrations can be quite high due to the low rainfall, whereas in the west where the rainfall is much higher, the concentrations tend to be lower (62). Nitrogen emissions, however, are dominated by the output of vehicle exhausts (more than half of all emissions). The EU has been tightening emission standards on new vehicles through various phased Euro standards. However, the “lab based” theoretical improvements have not translated into the real world situation in the UK.

6.10 Higher vehicle numbers on the UK roads and the level of congestion means that the cars are performing worse in terms of national emissions than had been calculated. (63)Within a ‘typical’ housing development, by far the largest contribution to Nitrogen (92%) will be made by the associated road traffic. Other sources, although relevant, are of minor importance (8%) in comparison. Emissions of Nitrogen could therefore be reasonably expected to increase as a result of traffic growth linked to an increase in population, employment, retail, tourism growth and mineral working as supported by Local Plan policies (2,3,4,7,11,12,14,15,23,24,25,26,27,28,30,35,38,53 and 54) and in combination with traffic growth resulting from other plans and projects. In particular a significant proportion of new traffic growth on the A19 as a result of development supported by the Local Plan is anticipated. The A19 is directly adjacent to Castle Eden Dene SAC.

6.11 Whilst it is recognised that the Local Plan also needs to tackle the issue of general diffuse air pollution this cannot be addressed at the local level. Durham County Council is only responsible for avoiding the possible individual contribution of the Local Plan to the “in combination” effect not for mitigating the “in combination” effect in its totality.

6.12 In order to assess the significance of likely adverse effects of the Local Plan it was considered necessary to attain evidence in respect of the following question:

Is Nitrogen Deposition impacting upon County Durham's Natura 2000 sites?

60 http://www.unece.org/env/lrtap/WorkingGroups/wge/definitions.htm 61 Wet deposition refers to acidic rain, fog and snow. If the acid chemicals in the air are blown into areas where the weather is wet, the acids can fall to the ground in the form of rain, snow, fog or mist. As this acidic water flows over and through the ground, it affects a variety of plants and animals. 62 www.apis.ac.uk 63 Bareham Challenges to reducing the threat of nitrogen deposition to the Natura 2000 network across the UK and Europe (2011)

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6.13 Consideration was initially given to the Common Standard Monitoring (CSM) guidance used to assess the annual condition of SSSI's. These site condition assessments currently provide the only regular means of assessing the state of the component SSSI's within Natura 2000 sites.

6.14 However, CSM is not sensitive enough or designed to assess and attribute drivers of environmental change such as air pollution impacts. It is instead a very broad brush assessment of a sites designated features, which may not relate to the qualifying features of a European Site. In order to get a good understanding of cause and effect of air pollutants on site condition, a much more detailed assessment is required, along with a comparison between sites than is possible within the CSM framework.As a result a site may be:

reported as ‘favourable’, but air pollution is currently having an adverse impact (and monitoring is not ‘sensitive’ enough to detect); site reported as ‘favourable’, but air pollution likely to adversely effect in future (time lag in response); or site reported as ‘unfavourable’, and air pollution is a contributory cause, but it is not recorded as such.

6.15 It is therefore apparent that current monitoring assessments undertaken on component sites for County Durham's designated Natura 2000 sites are not conclusive enough in order to allow the Local Planning Authority to assess whether the nitrogen deposition is currently impacting on a European site’s integrity or not.

6.16 Consideration was then given to available site specific information to try to ascertain whether nitrogen deposition is impacting upon County Durham's Natura 2000 sites. It was only possible to attain information in relation to Thrislington SAC as summarised below:

Case Study: Thrislington SAC

In 2001 Natural England (then English Nature) undertook a detailed assessment of vegetation change at Thrislington Plantation NNR (SAC) (64) The assessment concluded that there was thought to be an increase in Bromus erecta and Brachypodium pinnatum (Tor grass) on the site. Possible causes were thought to be climate change and/or atmospheric deposition. It was recommended that further detailed monitoring should be undertaken to assess whether the current patches of the vegetation were increasing in size/spread, and whether management practices could influence this.

It is understood that no further detailed surveys/monitoring assessments have been undertaken on the site. (65). Whilst the current management plan for the site indicates both species are still present on site, there is no indication whether they have increased in extent/frequency since 2001.

It is well established empirically that tor grass reduces species diversity by competition and that its competitive ability is increased when nitrogen levels are increased but other nutrients are not. (66)

64 Report no.413. 2011. 65 Natural England pers. comm 66 Hurst A. 1997. Community dominance: an investigation into the competitivemechanisms in Brachypodium pinnatum, and possible methods for reducing its dominance on ancient chalk grassland. Unpublished DPhil thesis, University ofSussex.

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Grazing has been introduced as a means of suitable sensitive management on parts of Thrislington, and in particular Exmoor ponies are currently being used due to their ability to graze less palatable grass types. This may be containing the spread of the species, but without a detailed monitoring programme this cannot be ascertained.

The botanical assessment of Thrislington noted that the level of nitrogen deposited on Thrislington at the time (2001) was around 19-20kg/Nitrogen/ha/year. The current figures provided by APIS indicate a current level of 20.3kg/Nitrogen/ha/year on the site. This shows only a very slight change in the amount of deposition occurring on the site.

6.17 In respect of the uncertainties regarding the actual impact of nitrogen deposition on qualifying species it is recommended that further detailed monitoring of sites should be undertaken. As CSM is currently not sufficiently sensitive for detecting or attributing N deposition impacts on individual sites a new site based monitoring system for N deposition impacts should be developed. This should incorporate complete floristic monitoring of replicate permanent quadrats located at random within fixed areas (e.g. a habitat area as initially mapped) over a number of years. This assessment should also incorporate species cover estimates, and a measure of biomass productivity. This would enable an even more sensitive indication of N deposition impacts, and by taking simple soil measurements (eg. pH and total C/N ratio) this would be useful to produce niche models to generate site-specific lists of species at risk. The development of such a monitoring system is not seen as appropriate at a County level, but rather something which needs to be developed nationally and adopted by each region to ensure a uniform means of assessment.

6.18 However, this is not to say that the Local Plan cannot contribute to addressing the issue of nitrogen deposition as a result of traffic growth. Whilst avoidance of the impact is unlikely, mitigation measures can be introduced. These are discussed further in section 7.

Air Quality - Minerals Working

6.19 In addition to vehicle emissions, the following sites were identified as having the potential to be affected by dust emissions as a result of mineral working over the Plan period:

Durham Coast SAC Thrislington SAC North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA North Pennine Dales Meadows SAC Moor House Upper Teesdale SAC

6.20 Dust or particles falling onto plants can physically smother the leaves affecting photosynthesis, respiration, transpiration and leaf temperature. There may also be toxicity issues (caused by heavy metals particles) and potential changes in pH (particularly if the dust is alkaline (e.g. cement dust).

6.21 Due to uncertainties regarding which mineral sites may be worked in addition to active sites over the Plan period it was not considered possible to refine likely effects further. Accordingly avoidance and / or mitigation measures are proposed in section 7.

Water Quality

6.22 Of the water dependant Natura 2000 sites in County Durham, it was considered that the Local Plan has the potential to adversely affect surface and / or ground water quality affecting Durham Coast SAC, North Pennine Moors SAC and Moor House Upper Teesdale SAC.

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 93 6 Stage Two - Appropriate Assessment

6.23 Durham Coast SAC was designated for its vegetated sea cliffs which are maintained in part by localised flushing of calcareous water. The North Pennine Moors SAC was designated in part for its wet heathland, blanket bogs, petrifying spring, alkaline fens and Marsh saxifrage. Moor House Upper Teesdale SAC was designated in part for its calcium-rich nutrient-poor lakes, lochs and pools, Molinia meadows belonging to the wet meadow community, blanket bogs, petrifying springs, alkaline fens, high-altitude plant communities associated with areas of water seepage and Marsh saxifrage. The conservation objectives for these sites is concerned with maintaining these features at favourable conservation status.

6.24 Many scarce aquatic plants and riparian habitats such as pools and fens are highly sensitive to the concentration of organic pollutants in the water which can both restrict their own growth and increase the growth of more competitive vegetation. The plants of the North Pennine Moors SAC and Moor House Upper Teesdale SAC provide habitat for which the qualifying species of the North Pennine Moors SPA rely. Therefore a change in the botanical composition of the site may also lead to a change in avian populations.

6.25 The Local Plan has the potential to increase surface water run off which can affect water quality serving designated sites as a result of an increase in areas of hardstanding and potential sewer flooding. The Local Plan can also impact on water quality through minerals working to meet policy requirements.

6.26 In general the North Pennine Moors SAC and Moor House Upper Teesdale SAC are less likely to be impacted by a deterioration of water quality as a result of surface water run off or sewer flooding due to the rural nature of the area and low levels of growth proposed by the Local Plan to West Durham. However, both of these sites could be impacted by the potential recommencement of inactive or dormant mineral sites. Durham Coast SAC was considered to be potentially impacted by both surface water run off and minerals working.

6.27 In addition to these sites, Castle Eden Dene SAC was identified as at risk of an increase in surface water run off. Whilst this SAC is not considered to be water dependent, gullying and erosion at this site is occurring as a result of existing levels of surface water run off.

6.28 Due to uncertainties regarding which mineral sites may be worked in addition to active sites over the Plan period and likely drainage direction from proposed development it was not considered possible to refine likely effects further. Accordingly, avoidance and / or mitigation measures are proposed in section 7.

Hydrology

6.29 Of the water dependant Natura 2000 sites in County Durham, it was considered that the Local Plan has the potential to adversely affect ground water supply required by Durham Coast SAC, North Pennine Moors SAC and Moor House Upper Teesdale SAC.

6.30 A reduction in groundwater supply to Durham Coast SAC could impact on site integrity as a result of reduced flushing of vegetation by calcareous water. A reduction in groundwater supply to North Pennine Moors SAC and Moor House Upper Teesdale SAC could result in the drying up of springs, blanket bog and loss of fen, heath and wet meadow habitat and species. The conservation objectives for these sites is concerned with maintaining these qualifying features at favourable conservation status.

6.31 The Local Plan has the potential to result in increased pressure for abstraction from the Magnesian Limestone Aquifer to serve housing growth in the South and East of the County which can reduce groundwater supply to Durham Coast SAC as could potential recommencement of inactive Magnesian Limestone Quarry sites over the Plan period.

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6.32 In terms of the Magnesian Limestone aquifer, this groundwater body has been classified as being at poor quantitative status and the Environment Agency have indicated that there will be a move towards no water available during 2012. The Wear Magnesian Limestone groundwater body has been classified as poor quantitative status due to abstraction pressures and reduced base flow to surface waters. The Northumbrian River Basin Management Plan indicates that the Environment Agency will carry out groundwater conceptual modelling to improve understanding of the aquifer and impact of poor quantitative status on ephemeral flows. (67) Unfortunately, it has not been possible to obtain the results of this research in order to gain a better understanding of how the quantitative status of the aquifer could impact on Durham Coast SAC in respect of groundwater supply to this site. Utilising the precautionary approach, it has therefore been assumed that poor quantitative status of the aquifer could impact on supply of groundwater for flushing of vegetation to the SAC.

6.33 In addition to Northumbrian Water, Hartlepool Water also has boreholes in the aquifer for water supply. Whilst the area served by Hartlepool Water is outside of County Durham many of its boreholes lie within County Durham in the River Skerne catchment. Hartlepool Water has no sources of water other than boreholes from the Magnesian Limestone aquifer and consequently local development plans for Hartlepool Borough Council have the potential to result in, in-combination effects.

6.34 Increased abstraction to serve housing development in West Durham is less likely to be an issue in respect of the North Pennine Moors SAC and Moor House Upper Teesdale SAC as the Plan does not allocate or promote remote rural developments needing their own water supply and thus requiring an abstraction borehole or spring. However, the minerals bridging assessment identifies a number of active, inactive and dormant sites that have the potential to affect groundwater supply if working at the sites were to either continue or re-commence over the Local Plan period. These include:

Harrowbank and Ashy Bank Quarry (Carboniferous Limestone - Inactive)(68) Bollihope Quarry (Carboniferous Limestone - Dormant) Carriers Hill Quarry (Carboniferous Limestone - Dormant) Greenfield Quarry (Carboniferous Limestone - Dormant) Parson Byers Quarry (Carboniferous Limestone - Dormant) Whitehills Quarry (Carboniferous Limestone - Dormant) Harthope Head Quarry (Ganister - Active) Dead Friars Quarry (Natural Building and Roofing Stone - Active) Force Garth Quarry (Dolerite - Active) Middleton Quarry (Dolerite - Dormant) Crossthwaite Quarry (Dolerite - Dormant) Park End Quarry (Dolerite - Dormant)

6.35 Due to uncertainties regarding whether Northumbrian Water will seek to increase abstraction of drinking water from groundwater sources and which mineral sites may be worked in addition to active sites over the Plan period it was not considered possible to refine likely effects further. Accordingly avoidance and / or mitigation measures are proposed in section 7.

67 Environment Agency River Basin Management Plan, Northumbrian River Basin - Annex C: Actions to Deliver Objective December 2009 68 This site would require the agreement of new working and restoration conditions prior to recommencement

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Land Take

6.36 The Natura 2000 sites that could be impacted either as a result of direct land take or loss of functional land include North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA and Moor House Upper Teesdale. These sites could be impacted by progression of Force Garth Quarry into a new working area and / or the continued working, recommencement of the following active, inactive and dormant mineral sites over the Plan period:

Harrowbank and Asby Bank Quarry (Carboniferous Limestone - Inactive)(69) Bollihope Quarry (Carboniferous Limestone - Dormant) Force Garth Quarry (Dolerite - Active) Crossthwaite Quarry (Dolerite - Dormant) Middleton Quarry (Dolerite - Dormant) Park End Quarry (Dolerite - Dormant) Harthope Head Quarry (Ganister - Active) Dead Friars Quarry (Natural Building and Roofing Stone - Active)

6.37 Several other dormant sites including Parson Byers Quarry, Greenfield Quarry, Carriers Hill Quarry and Puddingthorn Quarry were also identified as supporting Curlew. However, this issue was not considered likely to give rise to significant adverse effects given the availability of alternative habitat in the North Pennines for this species.

6.38 For all other Natura 2000 sites, whilst the Plan in itself is unlikely to result in land take, it is considered that the Plan should include controls governing the location of development that may come forward over the Plan period.

6.39 Due to uncertainties regarding which mineral sites may be worked in addition to active sites over the Plan period it was not considered possible to refine likely effects further. Accordingly avoidance and / or mitigation measures are proposed in section 7.

Recreational Pressure

6.40 The Natura 2000 sites not screened out for potential adverse effects as a result of recreational pressure include Northumbria Coast SPA and Ramsar, Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast SPA and Ramsar, Durham Coast SAC, Thrislington SAC, North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA, North Pennine Dales Meadows SAC and Moor House Upper Teesdale SAC.

Northumbria Coast and Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast SPA / Ramsar

6.41 In respect of the Coastal SPA sites an increase in recreational activity through both local visitors and tourism by foot or by vehicle is considered likely to result in the following likely adverse effects:

Disturbance of sensitive species (namely birds) by both walkers themselves and dogs; off road vehicles etc; Increased trampling of eggs;

6.42 These SPA sites together support the following qualifying species:

Breeding - Little Tern (arrives in April and May and return migration starts in August and continues into September)

69 This site would require the agreement of new working and restoration conditions prior to recommencement

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Ringed Plover (70) (all year round - with an influx population in the winter); On Passage - Sandwich tern and Common redshank (Mar-Sep); Over winter - Purple sandpiper, Ruddy turnstone, Red knot and Waterbird assemblage

6.43 Human activity can affect birds either directly (e.g. through causing them to flee) or indirectly (e.g. through damaging their habitat). The most obvious direct effect is that of immediate mortality such as death by shooting, but human activity can also lead to behavioural changes (e.g. alterations in feeding behaviour, avoidance of certain areas etc.) and physiological changes (e.g. an increase in heart rate) that, although less noticeable, may ultimately result in major population-level effects by altering the balance between immigration/birth and emigration/death.

6.44 Recreational activity will often result in a flight response (either flying, diving, swimming or running) from the animal that is being disturbed. This carries an energetic cost that requires a greater food intake.

6.45 Concern regarding the effects of disturbance on wintering birds, stems from the fact that they are expending energy unnecessarily and the time they spend responding to disturbance is time that is not spent feeding(71) Disturbance of winter birds therefore risks increasing energetic output while reducing energetic input, which can adversely affect the ‘condition’ and ultimately survival of the birds at a time when food is scarce. In addition, displacement of birds from one feeding site to others can increase the pressure on the resources available within the remaining sites, as they have to sustain a greater number of birds. (72)

6.46 In order to assess the significance of likely adverse effects of the Local Plan in respect of increasing recreational pressure as a result of increased populations and in combination with tourism to the Heritage Coast as supported by Local Plan policy (2,3,4,5,7,11,12,14,15,24,27,28,30,35,38 and 48) it was considered necessary to obtain evidence in respect of the following questions:

1. What is the recreational catchment of the Natura 2000 sites?

2. Which areas of the coast are qualifying species utilising?

3. Are qualifying species currently subject to disturbance as a result of recreational pressure?

6.47 Whilst no specific detailed visitor surveys have been undertaken for any of the Natura 2000 sites in the County, a number of studies were utilised to determine the recreational catchment area.(73)

6.48 A visitor survey undertaken along the heritage coast concluded that over half the users were local residents, with the majority visiting Crimdon, Blackhall Rocks, Seaham Hall, Seaton Holme, Hawthorne Dene and Castle Eden Dene. Walking was the most popular pursuit, followed by dog walking. Major dog walking locations were identified to be Castle Eden Dene, Hawthorn Dene and Blackhall Rocks.

70 please note that whilst this additional qualifying feature has been identified as non-breeding local knowledge suggests that breeding pairs are present 71 Riddington, R et al. 1996 The impact of disturbance on the behaviour and energy budgets of Brent geese Bird Study 43:269-279 72 Gill, J.A. et al. The consequences of human disturbance for estuarine birds. RSPB Conservation Review 12:67-72. 73 As detailed and referenced in the supporting paper: Recreational and Urbanisation Impacts of the Local Plan

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6.49 A study into recreational disturbance at the Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast showed that visitors were more likely to live at the site or travel between five and ten miles and visited daily or twice weekly. This was further supported by a study considering access to the countryside which identified that 68% of all journeys are less than 5 miles.

6.50 Accordingly, a ten mile buffer zone as shown by Figure 8 was identified to define the local recreational catchment of this area within County Durham. Any increase in population within this zone was considered likely to contribute to an increase in recreational pressure.

Figure 8 Map showing the recreational catchment of Northumbria Coast and Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast SPA and Ramsar

6.51 In respect of areas of the coast that qualifying species are using a Little Tern colony is in residence at Crimdon within the Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast SPA designation and breeds on the beach over the summer. This is the only colony along Durham's coastline.

6.52 In respect of other qualifying species a study of overwintering waterbirds of the Durham Coast was undertaken between December 2011 and March 2012 to identify areas or locationS which are use by waterbirds for either / or low and high tide feeding and high tide roosting as well as important offshore feeding and roosting areas.

6.53 This study recorded the presence of Ringed plover, Common redshank, Ruddy turnstone, Red knot and Purple sandpiper along various points of Durham's coastline including:

Ryhope Nook; Red Acre (Seaham); Seaham Harbour; Noses Point;

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Blackhall Rocks; and Crimdon Beach

6.54 The study revealed generally low numbers of waders present, and more particularly that very few of the SPA qualifying species were using the Durham coast during the winter months. It is thought that the factors contributing to the findings include:

Poor quality habitat present, as a result of historical degradation and pollution from mining and general industrial outputs, although this is improving; High and increasing levels of human disturbance through an increase in recreational usage; and Changes in populations of species and their distribution due to climate change

6.55 The majority of the birds were found at sites to the south of Crimdon Dene, with the rocky shore around Hartlepool Headland supporting most of the qualifying species of purple sandpiper, knot and turnstone – however they were not found in the numbers that would be expected for a SPA site. The findings were therefore in accord with the Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast recreational disturbance study, where populations of birds tended to focus on the rocky shore areas, with very few using the soft shore/tidal zones due to the fact that these areas were more exposed and therefore tended to suffer more from human and dog disturbance.

6.56 It was discovered that almost the whole coastline experienced continuous and relatively high levels of human recreational disturbance. Large numbers of walkers and dog walkers were witnessed on every section of the coast. Fisherman used almost every vantage point for casting into the sea, and vehicles, in-particular quad bikes, were gaining access onto the coast from the ex-industrial site to the north of Hartlepool.

6.57 The study identified the following causes of recreational disturbance to areas used by qualifying species where applicable:

Table 22 Causes of recreational disturbance to qualifying species of Northumbria Coast and Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast SPA and Ramsar

Area Description Species Cause of Recreational Pressure

Ryhope Low Tide Feeding Red knot, Ruddy A good range of wading birds at Area turnstone, Common this site but this area is heavily redshank, Purple used by dog walkers and other sandpiper walkers. Birds do not use the soft shore

Red Acre Low Tide Feeding Common redshank This whole areas is used Area extensively by dog walkers and other walkers

Seaham High Tide Roost Common redshank Area appears to be isolated from Harbour Area (Middle and Ringed plover human disturbance Harbour)

Seaham High Tide Roost Ruddy turnstone Area appears to be isolated from Harbour Area (South human disturbance Harbour)

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Area Description Species Cause of Recreational Pressure

Noses Point Low Tide Feeding Common redshank Some disturbance from walkers Area and fishermen

Noses Point High Tide Roost Common redshank Some disturbance from walkers Area and fishermen

Blackhall Low Tide Feeding Ruddy turnstone, Birds only using the rocky shore. Rocks (North) Area Common redshank Area heavily used by dog walkers, fishermen and other users

Blackhall Low Tide Feeding Ruddy turnstone, Area heavily used by dog walkers, Rocks Area Common redshank fishermen and other users (Middle)

Blackhall Low Tide Feeding Red knot, Ruddy Area heavily used by dog walkers, Rocks Area turnstone, Common fishermen and other users redshank

Blackhall High Tide Feeding Red knot, Ruddy Locally significant roost area for Rocks Area turnstone, Common these species. Area heavily used redshank

Crimdon Low Tide Feeding Ringed plover Area heavily used by dog walkers Beach Area and other walkers. This area is also a Little tern breeding site

6.58 As Northumbria Coast and Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast SPA and Ramsar have a large recreational catchment area, host qualifying species in several sections of coastline and are currently considered to be disturbed by recreational activity, impacts will need to be mitigated through the Local Plan. This is considered in section 7.

Durham Coast SAC

6.59 In respect of Durham Coast SAC an increase in recreational activity through both local visitors and tourism by foot or by vehicle is considered to result in the following likely adverse effects:

Increased trampling of vegetation; Fragmentation of habitats – both within the designated site and associated functional land/supporting habitats Increased risk of erosion caused by increases in recreational usage

6.60 Durham Coast SAC supports the only example of vegetated sea cliffs on magnesian limestone exposures in the UK and the conservation objectives for this site is to maintain this qualifying feature in a favourable conservation status.

6.61 The recreational catchment of Durham Coast SAC is the same as that identified for Northumbria Coast and Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast SPA and Ramsar. Given the range of recreational activities identified by the bird study it is considered safe to assume that Durham Coast SAC is also subject to recreational pressure. The Durham Heritage Coast Management Plan 2005-2010 states:

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"Uncontrolled and illegal access occurs at points along the Heritage Coast. Cliff paths do occur along the coast but unstable ground compromises the construction of formal access. Horse users often illegally use footpaths largely due to insufficient circular route provision for this sector. Illegal motor vehicle access occurs at Salterfern, Noses Point, Dawdon, Warren House Horden and Denemouth Blackhall Colliery."

6.62 Accordingly, mitigation measures addressing the possible increase of these impacts as a result of delivery of the Local Plan and in combination with other tourism plans and projects will be required as proposed in section 7.

Thrislington SAC

6.63 Thrislington SAC is also managed as a National Nature Reserve and has a high visitor appeal from late spring to late summer when the reserve is at its floral best. The site is reasonably accessible from the local towns and villages in the area and also has easy access into the reserve along a public footpath leading to three interpretation panels and two viewing platforms.

6.64 Thrislington SAC was designated for its dry grasslands and scrublands on limestone. These grasslands are sensitive to trampling and nutrient enrichment which can occur as a result of dog walking activities. In order to assess the likely significance of an increase in population and potential increased recreational pressure to this site as a result of the Local Plan it was necessary to give further consideration to the management plan for Thrislington National Nature Reserve.

6.65 This management plan confirms that no recreational use is made on the reserve other than dog walking. Educational use on the reserve is made by visits from the local Watch Group, The Dene team from Castle Eden Dene and school parties organised by Lafarge when schools visit the quarry. Most of these sites are combined with a walk on the reserve and fossil hunting in the marl slate.

6.66 The management plan confirms that the most trampling of the site takes place in the summer months especially in compartment five, where the highest numbers of perennial flax grow. However the plan also confirms that a small lay by on the unclassified road to the west of the reserve is the only parking facility visitors have. There is no opportunity to increase the parking facilities on this road so visitor numbers will probably not increase.

6.67 As a result, consideration of the potential adverse impacts of the Plan was only given in respect of any increase in population within walking distance of Thrislington SAC. Durham County Council's OSNA (74) states that:

"50% of people are willing to travel 20 minutes / 960 metres to reach wildlife areas and nature reserves."

6.68 The only settlement within 1km of Thrislington SAC with a housing allocation is Ferryhill. The allocation itself is 1.8 km from Thrislington SAC south of Dean Road and has an estimated yield of 291 houses. The site is considered likely to come forward for development over the next five years As this site is the only site with some potential to increase visitor numbers in respect of local dog walking activities and the management plan for the reserve includes objectives to provide and maintain paths and monitor visitor usage until 2016 it is considered that the Plan in itself is

74 Durham County Council: County Durham Open Space, Sport and Recreation Needs Assessment (2010)

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unlikely to lead to significant adverse effects. However, mitigation may be required to control development and risk of increased recreational pressure to Thrislington SAC that may come forward over the Plan period. This is considered in section 7.

North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA, North Pennine Dales Meadows SAC and Moor House Upper Teesdale SAC

6.69 In respect of the SAC and SPA sites located across Weardale and Teesdale an increase in recreational activity through both local visitors and tourism by foot or by vehicle is considered to possibly result in the following likely adverse effects:

Increased trampling of vegetation and bird nests; Effects of climbing on cliff vegetation and the rock itself; Disturbance of sensitive species (mostly birds) by both walkers themselves and dogs; off road vehicles, shooting parties etc; and Fragmentation of habitats – both within designated sites and associated functional land/supporting habitats;

6.70 The qualifying habitats and species that are sensitive to trampling, effects of rock climbers, nitrogen enrichment (which may result as a consequence of dog walking) and disturbance include:

Purple moor - grass meadows Mountain hay meadows Wet heathland with cross-leaved heath European dry heaths Alpine and subalpine heaths Juniper Grasslands on soils rich in heavy metals Montane acid grasslands Dry grasslands and scrublands on limestone Hydrophilous tall herb fringe communities Acidic and Base-rich scree Plants in crevices in base-rich rocks Plants in crevices on acid rocks Marsh saxifrage Round-mouthed whorl snail Hen harrier (Breeding) Merlin (Breeding) Peregrine Falcon (Breeding) European golden plover (Breeding) Dunlin (Breeding) Eurasian curlew (Breeding)

6.71 Whilst the level of housing growth as proposed by the Local Plan is relatively low over the Plan period (75)Weardale and Teesdale are popular tourist destinations resulting in potential adverse in-combination effects.

6.72 Specific honeypot visitor locations include Cow Green Reservoir and Low Force and High Force waterfalls in Teesdale (within Moor House Upper Teesdale SAC and North Pennine Moors SPA). Surveys undertaken by Natural England suggest that people are willing to travel between

75 A total of 534 houses have been allocated between the settlements of Barnard Castle, Middleton-in-Teesdale, Cockfield and Wolsingham

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33 and 36 miles to visit these sites. (76) The Pennine Way National Trail transects the North Pennine Dales Meadows SAC sites at Blackton reservoir and Dent Bank and also transects a small portion of Moor House Upper Teesdale SAC and the North Pennine Moors SPA. A number of other PROW exist across the SAC and SPA sites as shown in Appendix F.

6.73 In order to assess the significance of likely adverse effects of the Local Plan and in combination effects it was considered necessary to obtain evidence in respect of the following questions:

1. What is the level of recreational use across the designated sites and has this increased since the introduction of Open Access?

2. What controls are currently in place to influence visitor behaviour?

3. Is erosion of habitat and / or dogs running loose away from PROW a quantifiable problem?

6.74 In respect of the North Pennine Moors SPA, as stated in section 2.53 it was not feasible to conduct a bird study to identify areas utilised for breeding, feeding or roosting due to the large area of this site.

6.75 Information in respect of questions 1-3 was obtained from Natural England's Site Report for the North Pennines AONB. This report outlined the results of a three year monitoring research programme to monitor and obtain market information on the public use of Open Access land, mapped under the Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000. Surveying the whole area was not considered practical and in respect of County Durham the areas surveyed were limited to sites in Teesdale including:

Cow Green Holwick Mickleton Moor Coldberry Crossthwaite Common

6.76 These sites pertain to Moor House Upper Teesdale SAC and the North Pennine Moors SPA. As Natural England's report was the only report available that provides information in respect of visitor usage, information has been extrapolated to other SAC designations and SPA designation within other areas of Teesdale and Weardale. The following evidence was obtained from the report in relation to the questions posed above:

Cow Green

Q1: The largest numbers of visitors were counted at Cow Green Reservoir. This was to be expected due its accessibility and car parking provision. Cow Green reservoir was rated as having high usage in relation to the rest of the North Pennines AONB area

Q2: In order to minimise adverse impacts on the nature conservation, geological and shooting interests around the reservoir, restrictions have been introduced:

76 Natural England Site Report: North Pennines AONB (2009)

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to exclude people from Widdybank Fell to protect sensitive sugar limestone and black grouse wintering and breeding areas; and to exclude people with dogs all year round at the request of the land owner for grouse moor management.

Q3: Observations show that the most common activity at the site is sitting and resting; it is common for people to drive to the car park, get out and stroll around the immediate vicinity and then get back in the car. As the weather was frequently poor, visitors were not inclined to stand outside and many were ill-equipped to venture into the wild surroundings.A large majority of those that did leave the immediate environs of the car park followed the PROW (in fact a tarmaccd road) to the reservoir dam and then to Cauldron Snout waterfall. Many returned by the same route. Relatively few visitors had dogs with them and these followed patterns of use similar to those of groups without dogs. Observations showed that most of the dog walkers kept their dogs on a lead, and that most of those off-lead were walking to heel.

Holwick

Q2: Landowners have imposed an exclusion of people with dogs from the whole of the Open Access Land in this area, as they are entitled to do over grouse moor.

Q2: A number of rock climbs are recorded as having been climbed here. There is potential for more new routes and there are concerns about the effect of climbing on cliff vegetation and the rock itself. A decision was made to set up a voluntary restriction supported by the British Mountaineering Council (BMC). A code of conduct is now in operation which encourages climbing on specific routes and away from ledges with sensitive ledge flora. Signage and leaflets promoting the code of conduct are based at the site entrance.

Q3: Overall it was concluded that there was a strong tendency for users to stay on PROW

Mickleton Moor

Q1: Overall very low levels of use and therefore deemed to be little impact on the overall surrounding habitat and associated species.

Coldberry

Q1 and 3: While the numbers of visitors were low there is cause for concern over the disregarding of the restrictions on public access by a number of visitors, and this may have implications for enforcement

Crossthwaite Common

Q1 and 3: low level of use and the strong tendency to stay on PROW suggest that the implementation of CROW will have caused little change to patterns of use by the public

Q2: Dogs are excluded from the OpenAccessLand, at the landowners’ discretion

Q2: Restrictions that keep users to a specified route when crossing it were set in place to minimise access impacts during the breeding season (1st March to 31st August).

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6.77 With the exception of Coldberry, the majority of users would appear to stick to PROW routes and dogs are either kept under control or restricted from sensitive areas. Visitor numbers are generally low in this area with the exception of the popular Cow Green reservoir which is well equipped and managed in respect of controlling visitor activities and nature conservation interests.

6.78 In conclusion, the risk of significant adverse impact to SAC and SPA designations across Teesdale and Weardale by recreational users is not considered significant as a result of the findings of Natural England's study, control measures in place and relevant actions outlined in the North Pennines AONB Management Plan. (77) Relevant actions include:

Allocate sufficient resources to enable high standard of management on the Pennine Way and Teesdale Way Provide advice and guidance on exploring the North Pennines in a responsible fashion on the AONB Partnership's website and through promoting existing codes of conduct / practice. To ensure that no new moorland tracks are built without appropriate permission and that any new tracks have no significant adverse impact on hydrology, natural beauty, tranquillity and the interest features of Natura 2000 sites.

6.79 However, mitigation may be required to control development and risk of increased recreational pressure to these sites that may come forward over the Plan period. This is considered in section 7.

Urbanisation - Increased Predation

6.80 The qualifying species of Northumbria Coast SPA and Ramsar and Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast SPA and Ramsar are vulnerable to increased predation by cats and other predatory species. Increased predation of adult birds, eggs and/or chicks as a result of increased housing development and urbanisation in the East of the County as proposed by the Local Plan may occur. Breeding pairs of Little tern may be particularly vulnerable to increased predation and the conservation objectives for both of the SPA site relate to maintaining or restoring the populations of the qualifying species.

6.81 However, both SPA sites are physically separated from urban areas by the Durham Coast Rail Line which may provide a robust barrier to predatory species and the Local Plan does not allocate any housing sites within 400 metres of either SPA sites in recognition of the roaming distance of cats. (78)

6.82 Despite these factors it was considered that Local Plan policy should include controls to govern the location of housing development that may come forward over the Plan period. In particular, the development of new neighbourhood plans (Policy 15) has the potential to increase levels of urbanisation in the East of the County as proposals would be required to set out levels of growth over and above that suggested by the Local Plan.

6.83 Due to uncertainties regarding what development proposals may come forward over the Plan period, in addition to the allocated sites it was not considered possible to refine likely effects further. Accordingly avoidance and / or mitigation measures are proposed in section 7.

77 North Pennines AONB Partnership, North Pennines AONB Management Plan 2009-14: Part C Action Plan (2009) 78 Turner and Meister (1988) found the mean range of cats to be 371 metres

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Urbanisation - Invasive Species

6.84 Durham Coast SAC is designated for its vegetated sea cliffs and the conservation objectives for this site are concerned with maintaining the qualifying features at favourable conservation status. One of the key environmental conditions cited to support site integrity requires no further increase in species untypical of the communities that define the feature.

6.85 Whilst the Local Plan is unlikely to lead to an increase in invasive species cited as a threat to the habitat type, such as Hottentot Fig, (due to climatic preferences) inappropriate planting linked to new development and inappropriate garden waste disposal have the potential to increase the population of other invasive species such as cotoneaster.

6.86 Scrub encroachment on the dunes has also been cited as a vulnerability of Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast SPA. Scrub species may be populated further as a result of inappropriate planting linked to new development and inappropriate garden waste disposal.

6.87 Whilst management of several Local Nature Reserves and Local Wildlife Sites adjacent to Durham Coast SAC and Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast SPA (79) may help to prevent the spread of invasive species. Control measures within Local Plan policies are considered necessary.

6.88 Due to uncertainties regarding detail of landscaping / planting schemes to support new development it was not considered possible to refine likely effects further. Accordingly avoidance and / or mitigation measures are proposed in section 7.

Species Disturbance

6.89 In addition to species disturbance as a result of increased recreational pressure, Plan policy requires that sufficient land is made available to enable a steady and adequate supply of primary aggregates and non aggregate minerals. Noise and vibration as a result of continued working at some existing active mineral sites, new working at allocated sites and potential recommencement of works at some inactive and dormant sites has the potential to increase levels of disturbance to qualifying SPA species of Northumbria Coast SPA and North Pennine Moors SPA.

6.90 Increased disturbance can affect species behaviour in respect of feeding, roosting and may ultimately affect breeding success which could lead to significant adverse effects in respect of breeding pairs of qualifying species within each SPA. The conservation objective for both SPA sites require the avoidance of the significant disturbance of the qualifying features and maintenance or restoration of the distribution of the qualifying features within the site.

6.91 Underhill et al. states that the most disturbing activities are likely to be those that involve irregular, infrequent, unpredictable loud noise events, movement or vibration of long duration (such as minerals working). Birds are least likely to be disturbed by activities that involve regular, frequent, predictable, quiet patterns of sound or movement or minimal vibration. The further any activity is from the birds, the less likely it is to result in disturbance.

6.92 The distance at which a species takes flight when approached by a disturbing stimulus is known as the ‘tolerance distance’ (also called the ‘escape flight distance’) and differs between species to the same stimulus and within a species to different stimuli. (80)

79 (shown by Figure 7 in section 5.64) 80 Underhill, M.C. et al Use of Waterbodies in South West London by Waterfowl An Investigation of the Factors Affecting Distribution, Abundance and Community Structure (1993)

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6.93 In July 2012 Aggregate Industries commissioned Middlemarch Environmental Ltd to undertake an assessment of the potential disturbance effects blasting on qualifying species of the SPA. The report: Heights Quarry and Proposed Western Extension - Information to Inform Habitat Regulations Appropriate Assessment for North Pennine Moors SPA (81) concluded that:

Based on the existing habitats present within Heights Quarry, the proposed extension area and its immediate surrounds, the proposed allocation is considered highly unlikely to significantly impact upon the integrity of the SPA. Habitat is considered to be either completely unsuitable or suboptimal for breeding by four of the six qualifying species (golden plover, hen harrier, merlin and dunlin) therefore the risk of disturbance to these species is low.

Suitable breeding habitat for peregrine and Eurasian curlew is present within the study area, therefore it is possible that both of these species could be subject to disturbance in the absence of appropriate mitigation. The level of disturbance perceived is unlikely to be of significance to the integrity of the SPA; however it could result in a breach of wildlife legislation with regard to nesting birds. It is considered that the potential for disturbance to these species may be obviated through the implementation of a programme of monitoring, the results of which should be used to inform a protocol for undertaking quarrying activities in a way which will avoid disturbance to any birds breeding within or in proximity to the site.

6.94 Whilst, the report concluded that the level of disturbance as a result of working the western extension to Heights Quarry is unlikely to be of significance to the integrity of the SPA, the recommended monitoring proposals are included within Section 7 of this report.

6.95 Unfortunately it has not been possible to obtain further information in respect of the likely significance of disturbance effects as a result of continued working of other active and potential recommencement of inactive and dormant sites listed in Table 23.

Table 23 Quarry sites that may cause disturbance to qualifying SPA species

Quarry Status Mineral SPA site

Hawthorn(82) Inactive Magnesian Limestone Northumbria Coast SPA

Harrowbank and Inactive Carboniferous North Pennine Moors SPA Asby Bank(83) Limestone

Bollihope Dormant Carboniferous North Pennine Moors SPA Limestone

Carriers Hill Dormant Carboniferous North Pennine Moors SPA Limestone

Parson Byers Dormant Carboniferous North Pennine Moors SPA Limestone

Harthope Head Active Ganister North Pennine Moors SPA

81 Middlemarch Environmental Ltd Heights Quarry and Proposed Western Extension - Information to Inform Habitat Regulations Appropriate Assessment for North Pennine Moors SPA August 2012 82 This site would require the agreement of new working and restoration conditions prior to recommencement 83 This site would require the agreement of new working and restoration conditions prior to recommencement

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Quarry Status Mineral SPA site

Dead Friars Active Natural Building and North Pennine Moors SPA Roofing Stone

Force Garth Active Dolerite North Pennine Moors SPA

Middleton Dormant Dolerite North Pennine Moors SPA

Crossthwaite Dormant Dolerite North Pennine Moors SPA

Park End Dormant Dolerite North Pennine Moors SPA

6.96 As it has not been possible to obtain further information regarding the significance of disturbance effects and there are uncertainties regarding which mineral sites may be worked in addition to active sites over the Plan period it was not considered possible to refine likely effects further for the sites listed in Table 23. Accordingly avoidance and / or mitigation measures are proposed in section 7.

Ability to Adapt to Climate Change

6.97 Mitigation in respect of ensuring development that comes forward over the Plan period does not contribute to coastal squeeze has been provided through alteration of policy wording and is documented in section 7. However, one of the guidelines for ensuring adaptation includes reducing sources of harm not linked to climate change. (84) Accordingly, harm will need to be reduced in relation to the issues identified in this section and preceding sections related to all impact pathways through appropriate avoidance and / or mitigation measures.

Conclusion

6.98 In conclusion, while an attempt has been made to further refine the actual adverse effects on European sites from development that will be delivered under the Local Plan, it has only been possible to conclude that the Local Plan is unlikely to lead to significant adverse effects in respect of recreational pressure to Thrislington SAC, North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA, North Pennine Dales Meadows SAC and Moor House Upper Teesdale SAC. The Local Plan is also unlikley to lead to significant levels of species disturbance as a result of working the western extension to Heights Quarry. However, this section has recognised that whilst the Plan in itself may not lead to adverse effects policy controls should be implemented to reduce adverse risk to these sites from development coming forward over and above that supported by the Plan.

6.99 In respect of all other potential adverse impacts it has only been possible through appropriate assessment to conclude that the Local Plan in combination with other plans and projects is likely to result in adverse effect to Northumbria Coast SPA and Ramsar, Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast SPA and Ramsar and Durham Coast SAC. Mitigation for adverse effects is set out in the following section.

6.100 In respect of all other potential adverse impacts there still remains a level of uncertainty in relation to the following factors:

84 Defra Conserving Biodiversity in a Changing Climate: Guidance on Building Capacity to Adapt (2007)

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Table 24 Remaining Uncertainties following Appropriate Assessment

Impact Potential Adverse Uncertainty Pathway Effects

Air Quality Increased nitrogen Actual impact of nitrogen deposition on qualifying deposition as a result of features traffic growth

Air Quality Dust emissions as a Uncertainty exists in relation to which quarry sites, in result of minerals addition to active sites may be worked over the Plan working period to meet the need for Magnesian Limestone, Carboniferous Limestone, Natural Building and Roofing Stone and Dolerite.

In order to ensure a steady and adequate supply of primary aggregates over the Plan period there may be a requirement to:

Increase extraction at a number of magnesian limestone quarries including potentially from currently inactive sites Permit a further 9 million tonnes of carboniferous limestone in the second half of the Plan period Await further information in respect of the periodic review of the permission at Force Garth quarry to enable Durham County Council to undertake an appropriate assessment. Until determination has been reached it is not possible to conclude whether the extraction of dolerite at Force Garth will continue or not. If not, there may be interest in the re-commencement of other dormant dolerite quarries in the County. Alternatively if working at dormant Dolerite sites is found to lead to significant adverse effects then it will be necessary for the Council to reconsider forecasts for future provision and potentially intensify working at alternative minerals sites.

Water Surface water run off Actual impact of surface water run off to sites and sewer Quality and potential sewer flooding. The results of hydraulic modelling of the sewer flooding as a result of system in County Durham undertaken by Northumbrian new development Water will not be available until December 2012.

Water Discharges to surface Uncertainty exists in relation to which quarry sites, in Quality and ground water as a addition to active sites may be worked over the Plan result of minerals period to meet the need for Magnesian Limestone, working Carboniferous Limestone, Natural Building and Roofing Stone and Dolerite.

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Impact Potential Adverse Uncertainty Pathway Effects

Hydrology Required supply of Impact of poor quantitative status of the Wear water not being met Magnesian Limestone groundwater body on Durham Coast SAC and whether Northumbrian Water will seek to increase abstraction from aquifer to serve new development over the Plan period.

Hydrology Required supply of Uncertainty exists in relation to which quarry sites, in water not being met as addition to active sites may be worked over the Plan a result of dewatering period to meet the need for Magnesian Limestone, Carboniferous Limestone, Natural Building and Roofing Stone and Dolerite.

Land take Direct loss of land as a Uncertainty exists in relation to which quarry sites, in result of minerals addition to active sites may be worked over the Plan working period to meet the need for Magnesian Limestone, Carboniferous Limestone, Natural Building and Roofing Stone and Dolerite.

Increased Impact upon Where growth will occur over the Plan period in addition Predation populations of qualifying to that supported by the Local Plan i.e. as a result of SPA species developer interest and / or new neighbourhood plans

Invasive Impact upon the Whether planting linked to new development will be species structure, populations appropriate and function of qualifying features

Disturbance Increased noise and Actual impact of noise and vibration levels as a result vibration levels as a of minerals working on qualifying SPA species. Also, result of minerals uncertainty exists in relation to which quarry sites, in working addition to active sites may be worked over the Plan period to meet the need for Magnesian Limestone, Carboniferous Limestone, Natural Building and Roofing Stone and Dolerite.

Ability to Reduced ability to adapt Potential for reduced ability as a result of all other adapt to potential impact pathways identified and existing climate uncertainties. Particular potential to increase severity of change climate change effects as a result of impact upon hydrology i.e. Increase severity of potential drought conditions

6.101 Due to the number of remaining uncertainties it has been necessary to utilise the precautionary principle. For the purposes of this assessment it has been decided to assume that the effects previously identified as 'likely' will result in an adverse effect and therefore require avoidance or mitigation measures. This is in line with the use of the precautionary principle in other HRA's of land use plans and has been accepted by Natural England in previous assessments as pragmatic. Effects requiring mitigation are summarised as follows:

Northumbria Coast SPA and Ramsar (recreational pressure, predation and species disturbance)

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Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast SPA and Ramsar (recreational pressure, predation and invasive species) Durham Coast SAC (air quality, water quality, hydrology, recreational pressure, invasive species and adaptation to climate change) Castle Eden Dene SAC (air quality and water quality) Thrislington SAC (air quality) North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA (air quality, water quality, hydrology, land take, species disturbance and adaptation to climate change) North Pennine Dales Meadows SAC (air quality) Moor House Upper Teesdale SAC (air quality, water quality, hydrology and land take)

6.102 Proposals for required mitigation for these identified adverse effects is covered in the following section.

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Introduction

7.1 The purpose of this section of the report is to outline mitigating measures within Plan policy and recommend measures for incorporation into the Submission Stage where required that would enable Durham County Council to be confident that the Local Plan Preferred Options will not lead to adverse effects on European sites.

7.2 Avoidance of impacts arising from the Plan is the preferred option. Avoidance would typically be achieved through not proposing damaging activities / developments at all or moving proposed developments away from locations that could affect a European site to locations where they would not. Where avoidance is not possible, mitigation measures need to be considered.

Air Quality

Increased Nitrogen Deposition as a Result of Traffic Growth

7.3 It is not considered possible to avoid increasing nitrogen deposition to sites exceeding critical thresholds as a result of traffic growth over the Plan period. Consideration was initially given to buffering of sites as a means of decreasing levels of deposition. Guidance which came out of the 2011 Nitrogen Deposition workshop states: (85)

In the case of nitrogen emissions to air, buffer zones could be appropriate both for nitrogen oxides emissions from roads and for ammonia emissions from agriculture. Three aspects to such buffer zones should be considered:

• increasing the distance from the source, allowing greater dispersion before the air reaches the sensitive area, such as an SAC;

• increasing the dispersion between source and receptor, such as by planting tall rough vegetation, further diluting the pollutant before it reaches the sensitive area; and

• encouraging deposition between the source and receptor, such as provided by planting tall vegetation as a buffer zone

7.4 However, in respect of Castle Eden Dene SAC it is noted that the verges of the A19 are sufficiently ‘planted up’ with scrub and trees, both adjacent and to the north and south of the reserve. There is therefore little opportunity to alleviate any increase in traffic levels by putting buffers in place.

7.5 In relation to Thrislington SAC, it was considered that there was potential for further tree planting at the southern end of the site adjacent to the unclassified road. However, Natural England advised in February 2012 that they would not be happy with any increased planting on the site and the potential for planting was unlikely to be effective in reducing nitrogen deposition given the required width of buffers.

7.6 In respect of the other Natura 2000 sites likely to be affected by increased nitrogen deposition (Durham Coast SAC, North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA, North Pennine Dales Meadows SAC and Moor House Upper Teesdale SAC), buffering of these sites is unlikely to contribute toward mitigating impact due to their size. The outer perimeter of larger reserves effectively act as their own buffer zones.

85 Nitrogen Deposition and Natura 2000 - Science and Practice in Determining Environmental Impacts (2011)

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7.7 As a result, the only mitigation deemed practical in respect of increased nitrogen deposition resulting from increased traffic growth relate to:

reducing the amount of traffic growth as a consequence of the Local Plan through encouraging use of sustainable modes of transport; and reducing the potential for cumulative effects as a result of specific development types which may contribute toward a deterioration of air quality

7.8 Accordingly, Policy 47: Promoting Sustainable Travel requires all new development proposals to accommodate and facilitate investment in sustainable modes of travel such as public transport, cycling and walking. All major development proposals should also be supported by a Transport Statement or by a Transport Assessment and Travel Plan.

7.9 In relation to the potential for increased HGV movements on the A19 passing Castle Eden Dene SAC as a result of intensifying production from existing Magnesian Limestone quarry sites over the Plan period mitigation could include the following measures:

Use of alternative haulage routes (such as the A1(M)) unless it can be demonstrated that this would have an unreasonable impact upon commercial viability, and / or Encouraging the use of alternative methods of freight transportation (i.e. Rail) where feasible

7.10 Furthermore, Policy 19: Air and Light Pollution requires development which has the potential to lead to a significant deterioration in air quality to be accompanied by an assessment of the likely impact of the development on air quality and sensitive receptor habitats/species.

Increased dust emissions as a result of minerals working

7.11 Due to the uncertainties surrounding which mineral sites will either continue to be worked or will submit new proposals to recommence works over the Plan period to ensure a steady and adequate supply of minerals, a number of sites were identified which have the potential to impact upon Natura 2000 sites as a result of their dust emissions. These include:

Hawthorn Quarry (Magnesian Limestone - Inactive)(86) Thrislington Quarry (Magnesian Limestone - Active - ) (87) Harrowbank and Asby Bank Quarry (Carboniferous Limestone - Inactive)(88) Bollihope Quarry (Carboniferous Limestone - Dormant) Harthope Head Quarry (Ganister - Active) Dead Friars Quarry (Natural Building and Roofing Stone - Active) Force Garth Quarry (Dolerite - Active) Middleton Quarry (Dolerite - Dormant) Crossthwaite Quarry (Dolerite - Dormant) Park End Quarry (Dolerite - Dormant)

7.12 In respect of the active sites, information has been requested from the operator of Force Garth quarry to enable Durham County Council to undertake an appropriate assessment. In the meantime it is suggested that the Local Plan does not rely on the continued working of Force Garth Quarry to ensure continuity of dolerite supply.

86 This site would require the agreement of new working and restoration conditions prior to recommencement 87 If proposals to change the working method at Thrislington Quarry come forward over the Plan period consideration to the impact of dust emissions to Thrislington SAC would be required. 88 This site would require the agreement of new working and restoration conditions prior to recommencement

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7.13 Accordingly, Policy 53: Meeting the Need for Primary Aggregates has recognised the issues pertaining to Force Garth Quarry by stating:

Policy 53: Meeting the Need for Primary Aggregates

If an alternative supply of dolerite to that currently available at Force Garth Quarry is required to enable a steady and adequate supply, proposals for mineral working will only be permitted provided that there is a need for the mineral which cannot be met from other existing environmentally acceptable permissions within County Durham or alternative sources elsewhere.

7.14 In relation to Harthope Head Quarry and Dead Friars Quarry the Review of permissions for both sites is due in 2013 prior to submission of the Local Plan. Information will be requested from the operators at this time to enable Durham County Council to undertake an appropriate assessment.

7.15 In relation to Thrislington Quarry, the current working method of this site is unlikely to result in significant adverse effects to Thrislington SAC. However, if Lafarge propose changes to the working method of the site over the Plan period the working method will need to be screened for impact and subject to appropriate assessment if necessary. However, it is not the intention to defer this potential matter to the project level and accordingly policy 42: Internationally Designated Sites was drafted between Durham County Council's Ecology, Sustainable Strategy and Spatial Policy Teams to overcome issues of uncertainty and provide safeguards for Natura 2000 sites. The first paragraph of this policy states:

Policy 42: International Wildlife Sites

Development that is likely to have significant effects upon internationally designated sites (SPAs, SACs and Ramsar sites) will not be permitted where it cannot be ascertained, following Appropriate Assessment, that there would be no adverse effects on its integrity, unless the proposal is able to pass the further statutory test of ‘no alternatives’ and ‘imperative reasons of overriding public interest’ as set out in Regulation 62 of the Habitats and Species Regulations 2010.

7.16 Accordingly, Policy 53 makes an adequate cross reference to this policy:

Policy 53: Meeting the Need for Primary Aggregates

The Council will make sufficient land available for mineral working to enable a steady and adequate supply of primary aggregates to be maintained whilst ensuring there will be no significant adverse impacts on the environment and amenity of local communities in accordance with other relevant policies of the Plan.

7.17 Further safeguards have been recommended for incorporation into policy in respect of Carboniferous Limestone and Natural Building and Roofing Stone and these are highlighted in bold as follows:

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Policy 53: Carboniferous Limestone

In order to meet the identified need for further carboniferous limestone working, priority will be given to proposals for major new sites and extensions to existing sites in locations outside - and which do not adversely impact upon - the North Pennines AONB or Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) and Special Protection Areas (SPAs).

Policy 57: Natural Building and Roofing Stone

Where further permitted reserves are required in order to maintain an adequate and steady supply of natural building and roofing stone, proposals for new sites will be permitted where:

a. It can be demonstrated that need cannot be met from existing environmentally acceptable mineral permissions; and

b. There will be no significant adverse impacts on the environment and amenity of local communities in accordance with the other relevant policies of the County Durham Plan.

Where a need for further working can be demonstrated, priority will be given to proposals for major new sites and extensions to existing sites in locations outside, and which do not impact, upon the North Pennines AONB. (and consequently SAC's and SPA's in upper Teesdale and Weardale)

7.18 As a result of policy creation and amendment through the HRA process, the Local Plan will now provide adequate triggers to development management staff in respect of screening and appropriate assessment where required of minerals proposals should they be forthcoming over the Plan period. This will enable avoidance of adverse effects. Policy 19: Air and Light Pollution will also help to ensure that issues of dust emissions to Natura 2000 sites are fully taken into account.

7.19 It is considered that if proposals were to come forward in respect of the inactive and dormant sites listed then information to enable Durham County Council to undertake an appropriate assessment in respect of dust emissions would be required.

Water Quality

Surface Water Run off and Potential Sewer Flooding

7.20 Durham Coast SAC and Castle Eden Dene SAC could be affected by surface water run off and potential sewer flooding as a result of increased hardstanding and pressure on the capacity of the sewer network. This issue was raised with the Spatial Policy Team and can be avoided through proper surface water management of sites, incorporation of SuDS and adequate and timely investment in drainage infrastructure. These issues are considered in Policy 46: Water Environment, the relevant sections of which state:

Policy 46: Water Environment

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All development proposals will be required to consider the effect of the proposed development on flood risk, both on-site and off-site, commensurate with the scale and impact of the development. Development will not be permitted unless:

d. There is no net increase in surface water runoff for the lifetime of the development. New development should aim to achieve a 30% reduction in current rate of surface water runoff where feasible. Surface water runoff should be managed at source wherever possible, avoiding disposal to combined (public) sewers. Development should set part of the site aside for surface water management, and use other measures to contribute to flood risk management in the wider area and supplement green infrastructure networks, contributing to mitigation of climate change and flooding as an alternative or complementary to hard engineering; and

e. The development incorporates a Sustainable Drainage System (SuDS) to manage surface water drainage, unless it is proven that SuDS are not appropriate. Where SuDs are provided arrangements must be put in place for their whole life management and maintenance.

Where improvement works are required to ensure that the drainage infrastructure can cope with the capacity required to support proposed new development, developer contributions will be required, in accordance with Policy 64 (Developer Contributions).

7.21 In addition to Plan policy, where brownfield land served by combined sewers is re-developed, Northumbrian Water will seek to have the waste water and surface water flows separated where possible. The removal of the surface water flows from the combined sewers will reduce hydraulic overloading of the sewers (flooding) and allow additional wastewater flows to be accommodated in the sewer network and treated.

7.22 Furthermore, once the results of Northumbrian Water's hydraulic modelling of County Durham's sewer network become available (due December 2012) they will be analysed to identify priorities for investment in respect of avoiding adverse impacts to Natura 2000 sites.

Discharges to Surface and Groundwater as a Result of Minerals Working

7.23 The minerals bridging assessment determined that the following active, inactive and dormant quarry sites have the potential to impact upon Durham Coast SAC, North Pennine Moors SAC and Moor House Upper Teesdale SAC as a result of surface and groundwater contamination if working at the sites were to either continue or re-commence over the Local Plan period:

Hawthorn Quarry (Magnesian Limestone - Inactive) (89) Harrowbank and Asby Bank Quarry (Carboniferous Limestone - Inactive) (90) Bollihope Quarry (Carboniferous Limestone - Dormant) Carriers Hill Quarry (Carboniferous Limestone - Dormant) Greenfield Quarry (Carboniferous Limestone - Dormant) Parson Byers Quarry (Carboniferous Limestone - Dormant) Harthope Head Quarry (Ganister - Active) Dead Friars Quarry (Natural Building and Roofing Stone - Active) Middleton Quarry (Dolerite - Dormant) Crossthwaite Quarry (Dolerite - Dormant) Park End Quarry (Dolerite - Dormant)

89 This site would require the agreement of new working and restoration conditions prior to recommencement 90 This site would require the agreement of new working and restoration conditions prior to recommencement

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7.24 As stated in 7.14 the Review of permissions for both Harthope Head Quarry and Dead Friars Quarry is due in 2013 prior to submission of the Local Plan. Information will be requested from the operators at this time to enable Durham County Council to undertake an appropriate assessment.

7.25 As stated in 7.17 it is considered that as a result of policy creation and amendment through the HRA process the Local Plan will now provide adequate triggers to development management staff in respect of screening and appropriate assessment where required of minerals proposals should they be forthcoming over the Plan period. This will enable avoidance of adverse effects.

7.26 It is considered that if proposals were to come forward in respect of the inactive and dormant sites listed then information to enable Durham County Council to undertake an appropriate assessment in respect of water quality would be required.

Hydrology

Pressure for increased abstraction from the Magnesian Limestone Aquifer

7.27 Avoiding an adverse effect is largely in the hands of Northumbrian Water and the Environment Agency in their role in consenting abstraction licences. Accordingly, it is recommended that if Northumbrian Water Ltd intend to abstract increased volumes of water from the aquifer to supply housing development, they liaise very closely with the Environment Agency concerning the potential implications of doing so to avoid upsetting the current balance and causing possible adverse effects to Durham Coast SAC.

Reduction in Groundwater Supply as a Result of Minerals Working

7.28 The minerals bridging assessment identifies a number of active, inactive and dormant sites that have the potential to affect groundwater supply largely through de-watering activities if working at the sites were to either continue or re-commence over the Local Plan period. These include:

Harrowbank and Asby Bank Quarry (Carboniferous Limestone - Inactive) (91) Bollihope Quarry (Carboniferous Limestone - Dormant) Carriers Hill Quarry (Carboniferous Limestone - Dormant) Greenfield Quarry (Carboniferous Limestone - Dormant) Parson Byers Quarry (Carboniferous Limestone - Dormant) Whitehills Quarry (Carboniferous Limestone - Dormant) Harthope Head Quarry (Ganister - Active) Dead Friars Quarry (Natural Building and Roofing Stone - Active) Force Garth Quarry (Dolerite - Active) Middleton Quarry (Dolerite - Dormant) Crossthwaite Quarry (Dolerite - Dormant) Park End Quarry (Dolerite - Dormant)

7.29 As stated in 7.12 information has been requested from the operator of Force Garth quarry to enable Durham County Council to undertake an appropriate assessment. In the meantime it is suggested that the Local Plan does not rely on the continued working of Force Garth Quarry to ensure continuity of dolerite supply.

91 This site would require the agreement of new working and restoration conditions prior to recommencement

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7.30 As stated in 7.14 the Review of permissions for both Harthope Head Quarry and Dead Friars Quarry is due in 2013 prior to submission of the Local Plan. Information will be requested from the operators at this time to enable Durham County Council to undertake an appropriate assessment.

7.31 As stated in 7.17 it is considered that as a result of policy creation and amendment through the HRA process the Local Plan will now provide adequate triggers to development management staff in respect of screening and appropriate assessment where required of minerals proposals should they be forthcoming over the Plan period.

7.32 It is considered that if proposals were to come forward in respect of the inactive and dormant sites listed then information to enable Durham County Council to undertake an appropriate assessment in respect of hydrological impacts would be required.

Land Take

Land Take as a Result of Minerals Working

7.33 The Natura 2000 sites that could be impacted as a result of direct land take include North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA and Moor House Upper Teesdale. These sites could be impacted by progression of Force Garth Quarry into a new working area and / or the recommencement of the following inactive and dormant mineral sites over the Plan period:

Harrowbank and Asby Bank Quarry (Carboniferous Limestone - Inactive) (92) Bollihope Quarry (Carboniferous Limestone - Dormant) Force Garth Quarry (Dolerite - Active) Crossthwaite Quarry (Dolerite - Dormant) Middleton Quarry (Dolerite - Dormant) Park End Quarry (Dolerite - Dormant) Harthope Head Quarry (Ganister - Active) Dead Friars Quarry (Natural Building and Roofing Stone - Active)

7.34 Information has been requested from the operator of Force Garth quarry to enable Durham County Council to undertake an appropriate assessment. In the meantime it is suggested that the Local Plan does not rely on the continued working of Force Garth Quarry to ensure continuity of dolerite supply.

7.35 The Review of permissions for both Harthope Head Quarry and Dead Friars Quarry is due in 2013 prior to submission of the Local Plan. Information will be requested from the operators at this time to enable Durham County Council to undertake an appropriate assessment.

7.36 It is considered that as a result of policy creation and amendment through the HRA process the Local Plan will now provide adequate triggers to development management staff in respect of screening and appropriate assessment where required of minerals proposals should they be forthcoming over the Plan period. This will enable the avoidance of adverse effects.

7.37 It is also considered that if proposals were to come forward in respect of the inactive and dormant sites listed then information to enable Durham County Council to undertake an appropriate assessment would be required. This would include an evaluation of loss of land with respect to the presence of, or potential for restoration of qualifying features.

92 This site would require the agreement of new working and restoration conditions prior to recommencement

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Additional Safeguards in Respect of other Development Types

7.38 For all other Natura 2000 sites, whilst the Plan in itself is unlikely to result in land take, it is considered that the Plan should include controls governing the location of development that may come forward over the Plan period to avoid adverse effect. This has been achieved by the addition of Policy 42: International Wildlife Sites.

Recreational Pressure

7.39 It is not considered possible to avoid increasing recreational pressure and disturbance to Northumbria Coast SPA/Ramsar, Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast SPA/Ramsar and Durham Coast SAC as a result of population growth over the Plan period and in combination with projects and initiatives to enhance the tourism offer of Durham's coastline and increase its popularity as a visitor destination. Accordingly, mitigation measures are required.

7.40 A three pronged approach to mitigating impact is considered necessary in respect of:

1. Ensuring that the Local Plan avoids promoting increased residential or tourism development within close proximity to sites identified which are currently experiencing negative impacts caused by recreational pressure 2. Offsetting increased recreational pressure from local residents, in particular from dog walkers; and 3. Raising awareness levels and implementing access management along the coastline to reduce impact by visitors.

7.41 Mitigation for (1) has been achieved through policy wording within Policy 42: International Wildlife Sites which states:

Policy 42: International Wildlife Sites

Development proposals within 0.4km (400 metres) of internationally designated sites, and any other development proposals which may have an effect upon internationally designated sites, will be subject to Appropriate Assessment. Such projects will be permitted only where it can be demonstrated that there will be no significant effect upon the integrity of the relevant site, in isolation or in conjunction with other projects.

7.42 The 400 metres has been derived from a range of potential figures for walking distance to the coast. These range from the generally accepted 300 metres ANGSt (93)models and the OSNA standards for amenity space provision, i.e. within 480 metres.(94) Furthermore, the Plan has not allocated any sites within 400 metres of SAC's or SPAs.

Mitigating Impact of Local Users

7.43 In respect of mitigating the impact of local users it is considered that Suitable Alternative Natural Greenspace (SANGs) should be provided to 'divert' likely users within the 'zone of influence' away from sensitive sites. The zone of influence is defined as the area from 400 metres from the perimeter of the SAC or SPA to 5 miles from the perimeter of the SAC or SPA (measured as the crow flies from the primary point of access to the curtilage of the dwelling. Alternatively, developers

93 Accessible Natural Green Space Standards (Natural England) 94 Durham County Council County Durham Open Space, Sport and Recreation Needs Assessment (2010)

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with proposals within the zone of influence will be required to provide sufficient information to Durham County Council to enable an appropriate assessment of the proposal to be made in respect of its recreational impact on the designated sites.

7.44 The 5 miles point is considered to be the distance at which the majority of local residents are willing to travel to access the coast on a regular basis. This has been derived from a study into recreational disturbance at the Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast which showed that visitors were more likely to live at the site or travel between five and ten miles and visited daily or twice weekly. (95)This was further supported by a study considering access to the countryside which identified that 68% of all journeys are less than 5 miles. (96)

SANG Provision

7.45 In order to provide effective mitigation, SANG provision within the zone of influence needs to replicate, as far as is possible the qualities of the designated sites to make them attractive to potential users. Whilst it is not possible to replicate coastal land, SANGs can replicate aspects of coastal land that makes it attractive to users. The following aspects would therefore be required of a SANG:

SANGs should be semi-natural in appearance. SANGs should be of a suitable size to allow pet owners to let dogs run freely over a significant part of the site. Access on the SANGs should be largely unrestricted with both people and their pets being able to freely roam. (This means that sites where freely roaming dogs will cause a nuisance or where they might be in danger from traffic or such like should not be considered for SANGs) The design of SANGs should not inadvertently increase access to designated sites. SANGs should ideally be within 400 metres (walking distance) of new housing. If this is not possible then SANGs should be located in closer proximity to new housing than the SAC and / or SPA. Adequate car parking should be made available at sites larger than 10 hectares.

7.46 In respect of SANG provision, this will be required to be provided early in the development process, to ensure that there is no likely significant effect on the designated sites in question. The provision of SANGs should also take precedent over other forms of open space provision although it is recognised that it may be possible to subsume other forms of open space provision into SANGs i.e. semi natural open space and amenity open space provision.

7.47 SANGs may be created from:

existing open space of SANGs quality with no existing public access or limited public access, which for the purposes of mitigation could be made fully accessible to the public; existing open space which is already accessible but which could be changed in character so that it is more attractive to the specific group of visitors who might otherwise visit the SAC and / or SPA; or land in other uses which could be converted into SANGs

7.48 These issue are reflected in Policy 20: Green Infrastructure, the relevant sections of which state:

Policy 20: Green Infrastructure

95 Simpson, K A Study into Recreational Disturbance at the Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast European Marine Site (2011) 96 Matthews, J Accessing the Countryside: Barriers and Best Practice (undated)

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Where new development would be likely to lead to additional recreational pressure on a Special Areas of Conservation (SAC), Special Protection Areas (SPA) or Ramsar sites, green infrastructure provision should be prioritised towards the creation of new, or the improvement of existing, Suitable Alternative Natural Greenspace (SANG), designed to divert potential users away from protected sites.

7.49 SANG provision should be funded by developer contributions; the calculation of costs should take account of acquisition costs, upgrading costs, and maintenance and management costs in perpetuity. Alternatively SANGs may be provided by developers for individual developments. Where developers are providing their own SANG, account should be taken of Durham County Council’s SANG guidelines.

7.50 The Council's SANG guidelines will expand upon the aspects of SANG design and location discussed above. These guidelines will be developed alongside best practice from Natural England and will be incorporated into the Natural Environment SPD at the Submission Stage of the Local Plan. Work has already commenced to try to identify areas of land in Council Ownership that may fit SANG criteria.

7.51 Developments of 10 or more net new dwellings can only contribute towards a SANG if they are located within a SANG’s catchment. The catchment of a SANG will depend on the individual site characteristics and location, and their location within a wider green infrastructure network. The catchment is the radius from the outer edge of the SANG.

7.52 As a guide, it should be assumed that:

SANG of 2-12ha will have a catchment of 2km; SANG of 12-20ha will have a catchment of 4km; SANG of 20+ha will have a catchment of 5km.

7.53 Contributions toward SANG are incorporated into Policy 64: Developer Contributions, the relevant sections of which state:

Policy 64: Developer Contributions

Developers must contribute via a Section 106 Agreement towards individual infrastructure improvements that are necessary for the development to proceed, affordable housing need as set out in Policy 31 Addressing Housing Need and any other specific infrastructure directly related to the application site and that contribution will be negotiated on a site by site basis depending on need and site viability.

Necessary infrastructure improvements will include contributions to Green Infrastructure and/or Suitable Alternative Natural Green Space in accordance with Policy 20 (Green Infrastructure).

Development required to provide / contribute towards SANGs

7.54 The Council's SANG guidelines will be developed and incorporated into the Natural Environment SPD. These guidelines will provide specific information regarding the types of residential development that will be required to contribute toward SANGs.

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7.55 In respect of the Housing Allocations made within Policy 30: Housing Land Allocations, developers of the following sites within the zone of influence are likely to be required to either provide or contribute towards SANGs. Alternatively, developers of the following sites will be required to provide sufficient information to Durham County Council to enable an appropriate assessment of the proposal in respect of its recreational impact on the designated sites.

Table 25 Housing Allocations Required to Provide / Contribute Towards SANG Provision or Provide Sufficient Information to enable Appropriate Assessment to be Undertaken

Site Reference Location Number of Units

HA28 Peterlee 66

HA29 Peterlee 77

HA30 Peterlee 88

HA31 Peterlee 91

HA33 Peterlee 52

HA34 Peterlee 500

HA35 Peterlee 730

HA36 Seaham To be confirmed but cumulative yield for HA37 Seaham Seaham of 950 units anticipated HA38 Seaham

HA39 Seaham

HA40 Seaham

HA41 Seaham

HA25 Easington and Easington Colliery 60

HA26 Easington and Easington Colliery 63

HA42 Shotton Colliery 60

HA43 Shotton Colliery 400

HA47 Wingate 72

HA44 Station Town 50

Mitigating Impact of Visitors

7.56 In order to address in-combination impacts caused by tourism and ad-hoc day trips from within the region, the coastal bird study undertaken recommends mitigation options such as the management of visitors e.g. through zoning or restricting access or policing. The study also states that there may be an opportunity for education or interpretation programmes where guided walks, publications and rangers could provide information and guidance for visitors.

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7.57 Furthermore, the study points to the need for further monitoring work in respect of:

Measuring and monitoring recreational usage and disturbance. Measuring, and monitoring, habitat quality and food availability. Surveying waterbirds at regular intervals such as every three to five years to build on this baseline study. Researching regional waterbird trends

7.58 It is considered that contributions toward these measures should be provided from new housing developments within 5 to 10 miles of the coastal SAC / SPA/ Ramsar boundary, and all non-residential development which poses a risk of increasing usage of Durham's coast, between 400 metres and 10 miles of the SAC/SPA/Ramsar boundary. (97) Alternatively, developers will be required to provide sufficient information to Durham County Council to enable an appropriate assessment of proposals in respect of its recreational impact on the designated sites.

7.59 Contributions towards such measures will be attained through the Community Infrastructure Levy (CIL). Policy 64 states:

Policy 64: Developer Contributions

Developers must contribute to off-site infrastructure via standard CIL charges that are set out in the CIL Charging Schedule. The infrastructure priorities that will receive funding from CIL are listed in the Regulation 123 list. Infrastructure requirements for the whole County are set out in the Infrastructure Delivery Plan (IDP).

Supporting Text:

CIL money can only be spent on infrastructure priorities set out in the Infrastructure Delivery Plan. In addition to the IDP, we will publish a 'Regulation 123' list on our website which will list the specific projects that will benefit from levy finance. The following off-site infrastructure are examples of what projects could be funded through CIL:

Biodiversity Management

7.60 In terms of agreeing the actual measures that will receive CIL money, discussions with Durham County Council's Heritage Coast Team will take place to determine practical measures to overcome recreational issues identified. These measures will become part of the updated Heritage Coast Management Plan 2013- 2014 which is due to be drafted by December 2012. Establishing actions for inclusion within this management plan will have the added benefit of enabling the regular monitoring of progress towards achievement by the Heritage Coast Partnership. The actions will be incorporated into the IDP prior to the Submission Stage of the Local Plan.

7.61 The defined zones of influence are shown in Figure 8 in Section 6 of this report. All of the mitigation aspects are incorporated into Policy 42: International Wildlife Sites, the relevant sections of which state:

Policy 42: International Wildlife Sites

97 The 10 mile boundary was derived from the study into recreational disturbance at the Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast SPA.

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Where development proposals would be likely to lead to an increase in recreational pressure upon internationally designated sites, developers will be required to contribute towards mitigation measures. Depending on the type, location and size of development, developers will be required to contribute to either the creation or improvement of Suitable Alternative Natural Greenspace (SANG), in accordance with Policy 20 (Green Infrastructure) and the guidance in the Natural Environment SPD, or contributions towards actions as detailed in relevant management plans. Alternatively, developers should undertake a Habitats Regulations screening assessment and, where necessary, a full Appropriate Assessment, to demonstrate that a proposal will not adversely affect the integrity of the site.

Land designated and/or managed as mitigation/compensation/offsetting sites for development impact to Natura 2000 sites receives the same level of protection as Natura 2000 sites.

7.62 Furthermore, safeguards have been implemented into Policy 20: Green Infrastructure in respect of ensuring that any required diversion of PROW over the Local Plan period avoids inadvertently increasing recreational pressure to Natura 2000 sites. The relevant section of this policy states:

Policy 20: Green Infrastructure

Development will be expected to maintain and improve the permeability of the built environment and access to the countryside for pedestrians, cyclists and horse riders. Proposals that would result in the loss of, or deterioration in the quality of, existing public rights of way (PROWs) will not be permitted unless equivalent alternative provision is made. Where diversions are required, new routes should be direct, convenient and attractive, and should not increase recreational pressure on internationally-protected wildlife sites.

Urbanisation - Increased Predation

7.63 In regards to ensuring that due consideration is given to the issue of increased predation as a result of development that may come forward over the Plan period in addition to that supported by the Local Plan, it is considered that Policy: 42: International Wildlife Sites provides adequate mitigation. As stated in section 7.41, this policy requires development within 400 metres of Natura 2000 sites to be subject to appropriate assessment. The average roaming distance of cats is just under 400 metres. (98)

Urbanisation - Invasive Species

7.64 In regards to ensuring the compatibility of planting schemes within new development and green infrastructure over the Local Plan period a number of additions were made to Policy as detailed below:

Policy 20: Green Infrastructure

Green infrastructure in new development should be shown on layout plans from the start of the planning process and should demonstrate connectivity, multifunctionality, high quality of place, and appropriateness to context with regard to landscape, townscape and ecology.

98 Turner and Meister (1988) found the mean range of cats to be 371 metres

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Any landscaping scheme will be required to incorporate native species which can make a contribution towards the local ecological networks and local DBAP habitats.

Policy 41: Biodiversity and Geodiversity

Proposals for new development will be expected - where appropriate and compatible with existing biodiversity, ecosystems and designated wildlife sites - to incorporate measures to enhance biodiversity within or around the site, and to contribute to the consolidation and development of local ecological networks, and the implementation of the biodiversity action plans and management plans of local partnerships, including working across local authority boundaries.

7.65 It is considered that safeguards now incorporated into these policies along with existing management of sites will ensure that the spread of invasive species as result of the Local Plan is avoided.

Species Disturbance - Mineral Working

7.66 The Natura 2000 sites that could be impacted either as a result of blasting and vibration from quarry sites include North Pennine Moors SPA and Northumbria Coast SPA. These sites could either be impacted by progression of Force Garth Quarry into a new working area and / or the recommencement of the following inactive and dormant mineral sites over the Plan period:

Hawthorn Quarry (Magnesian Limestone - Inactive) (99) Harrowbank and Asby Bank Quarry (Carboniferous Limestone - Inactive) (100) Bollihope Quarry (Carboniferous Limestone - Dormant) Carriers Hill Quarry (Carboniferous Limestone - Dormant) Parson Byers (Carboniferous Limestone - Dormant) Harthope Head Quarry (Ganister - Active) Dead Friars Quarry (Natural Building and Roofing Stone - Active) Middleton Quarry (Dolerite - Dormant) Crossthwaite Quarry (Dolerite - Dormant) Park End Quarry (Dolerite - Dormant)

7.67 Information has been requested from the operator of Force Garth quarry to enable Durham County Council to undertake an appropriate assessment. In the meantime it is suggested that the Local Plan does not rely on the continued working of Force Garth Quarry to ensure continuity of dolerite supply.

7.68 The Review of permissions for both Harthope Head Quarry and Dead Friars Quarry is due in 2013 prior to submission of the Local Plan. Information will be requested from the operators at this time to enable Durham County Council to undertake an appropriate assessment.

7.69 It is considered that as a result of policy creation and amendment through the HRA process the Local Plan will now provide adequate triggers to development management staff in respect of screening and appropriate assessment where required of minerals proposals should they be forthcoming over the Plan period. This will enable the avoidance of adverse effects.

99 This site would require the agreement of new working and restoration conditions prior to recommencement 100 This site would require the agreement of new working and restoration conditions prior to recommencement

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7.70 If proposals were to come forward in respect of the inactive and dormant sites listed then information to enable Durham County Council to undertake an appropriate assessment in respect of disturbance to SPA species would be required.

7.71 In respect of the proposed allocation for the western extension to Heights Quarry whilst the appropriate assessment of this site (101) identified that the level of disturbance perceived is unlikely to significantly affect the integrity of the North Pennine Moors SPA, the following monitoring proposals were recommended:

R1: Prior to any extension of quarrying works into the allocated area a programme of breeding bird monitoring should be designed and implemented. The purpose of this monitoring should be to provide an up-to-date assessment of the breeding status of the six qualifying species within the zone of influence of the quarry and extension area, taking into account any changes in land use throughout the plan period.

The precise scope of monitoring required will depend upon timescales for the proposed quarry expansion, but as a minimum requirement two-yearly breeding bird surveys of the quarry and proposed extension area are recommended, incorporating a suitable buffer around both. For higher risk species such as peregrine and curlew, annual inspections of proposed disturbance areas would be appropriate to allow suitable recommendations to be made to ensure no legislation is breached.

Any monitoring strategy should be agreed with the local authority prior to any works commencing.

R2: A Bird Risk Management Plan should be produced. This document will be based upon the findings of the bird monitoring surveys, and will provide control measures to ensure that the ongoing operation of the quarry and proposed extension area do not cause undue disturbance or breaches of legislation with regard to the SPA qualifying species and other bird species. Control measures will include, for example, appropriate timings for sensitive site activities to avoid breaching legislation with regard to qualifying breeding birds.

This document will remain live throughout the operational life of the quarry, and will be subject to regular iteration based upon the findings of the bird monitoring programme.

Ability to adapt to Climate Change

7.72 Mitigation in respect of ensuring development that comes forward over the Plan period does not contribute to coastal squeeze has been provided through the following policy wording:

Policy 42: International Wildlife Sites

Development proposals within 0.4km (400 metres) of internationally designated sites, and any other development proposals which may have an effect upon internationally designated sites, will be subject to Appropriate Assessment. Such projects will be permitted only where it can be demonstrated that there will be no significant effect upon the integrity of the relevant site, in isolation or in conjunction with other projects.

101 Middlemarch Environmental Ltd Heights Quarry and Proposed Western Extension - Information to Inform Habitat Regulations Appropriate Assessment for North Pennine Moors SPA August 2012

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Policy 38: Durham Coast and Heritage Coast

The coast of County Durham will be protected and enhanced by:

a. Only permitting development in the coastal zone where it conforms with other policies in the Plan, where there are overriding social or economic benefits from that development and where the development cannot be accommodated elsewhere outside of the coastal zone

7.73 In respect of reducing sources of harm not linked to climate change, the mitigation measures outlined in this section are considered to address this issue.

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 127 8 Monitoring, Next Steps and Conclusion

Monitoring Proposals

8.1 It is important to note that EC Guidance on mitigation measures for impacts on European sites requires a mechanism for monitoring the effectiveness of mitigation measures as detailed in Appendix G. A draft monitoring mechanism is therefore outlined in Table 27. These monitoring proposals should be incorporated into the Monitoring and Implementation Framework accompanying the Local Plan prior to the Submissions Stage. Furthermore, these monitoring proposals should be incorporated into those proposed as a result of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) and Sustainability Appraisal of the Local Plan. The SEA Directive requires the significant environmental effects of implementing the plan to be monitored.

Table 26 Draft Monitoring Proposals

Impact Indicator Responsibility Timescale Trigger for Review Pathway Ahead of Timescale Set

Air Quality Critical thresholds of air pollutants DCC Environment and Annual Exceedence of critical for respective Natura 2000 sites Design Section / Spatial Review thresholds over and Policy Team above levels currently identified

Air Quality Number of applications screened DCC Environment and Annual Comments on proposals for impact to Natura 2000 sites Design Section / Spatial Review by Natural England as a result of emissions to air Policy Team

Water Amount and type of development DCC Environment and Annual Drainage proposals for Quality which achieves a 30% reduction Design Section / Spatial Review development which in current rate of surface water Policy Team show drainage toward a run off Natura 2000 site

Water Number of developments which DCC Environment and Annual Drainage proposals for Quality have resulted in the Design Section / Spatial Review development which implementation of SuDS (100% Policy Team show drainage toward a target) Natura 2000 site

Water Timely investment in the Sewer DCC Environment and As Sewer flooding events Quality Network where required to Design Section / Spatial applications ensure protection of Natura 2000 Policy Team are received sites

Water Number of applications screened DCC Environment and Annual Comments on proposals Quality for impact to Natura 2000 sites Design Section / Spatial Review by Natural England as a result of water quality Policy Team deterioration

Hydrology Number of applications screened DCC Environment and Annual Comments on proposals for impact to Natura 2000 sites Design Section / Spatial Review by Natural England as a result of hydrological change Policy Team

Land Take Number of applications screened DCC Environment and Annual Comments on proposals for impact to Natura 2000 sites Design Section / Spatial Review by Natural England and / or functional land as a result Policy Team of hydrological change

Recreational Number of applications within 400 DCC Environment and Annual Comments on proposals Pressure metres of coastal Natura 2000 Design Section / Spatial Review by Natural England sites subject to appropriate Policy Team assessment

128 Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options Monitoring, Next Steps and Conclusion 8

Impact Indicator Responsibility Timescale Trigger for Review Pathway Ahead of Timescale Set

Recreational Number of applications between DCC Environment and Annual Comments on proposals Pressure 400 metres and miles of coastal Design Section / Spatial Review by Natural England Natura 2000 sites subject to Policy Team appropriate assessment

Recreational Number of applications between DCC Environment and Annual Comments on proposals Pressure 5 miles and 10 miles of coastal Design Section / Spatial Review by Natural England Natura 2000 sites subject to Policy Team appropriate assessment

Recreational Section 106 agreements attained DCC Environment and Annual Lack of provision of Pressure in respect of SANG provision Design Section / Spatial Review SANG prior to Policy Team development completion

Recreational CIL money prioritised toward DCC Environment and In line with Lack of receipt of CIL Pressure Heritage Coast Management Design Section review of funding 6 months post Plan activities including action plan adoption of Local Plan monitoring of disturbance levels undertaken by Heritage Coast Partnership

Increased Number of applications within 400 DCC Environment and Annual Comments on proposals Predation metres of SPA sites subject to Design Section / Spatial Review by Natural England appropriate assessment Policy Team

Invasive Details of landscaping schemes DCC Environment and Annual Comments on proposals Species within applications Design Section / Spatial Review by Natural England Policy Team

Species Number of applications screened DCC Environment and Annual Comments on proposals Disturbance for impact to Natura 2000 sites Design Section / Spatial Review by Natural England as a result of species disturbance Policy Team

Ability to Number of applications within 400 DCC Environment and Annual Comments on proposals Adapt to metres of coastal Natura 2000 Design Section / Spatial Review by Natural England Climate sites subject to appropriate Policy Team Change assessment

Next Steps

8.2 The following next steps are considered necessary to undertake prior to submission of the Local Plan to ensure adverse effects are avoided:

Agree monitoring proposals internally and with Natural England. Attain hydraulic sewer modelling results when available to further refine potential impacts to Natura 2000 sites and enable prioritisation of investment through the Infrastructure Delivery Plan. Ensure sufficient information is requested from the operators of both Harthope Head Quarry and Dead Friars Quarry to enable an appropriate assessment is undertaken at the time of their Review. Develop SANG guidance for inclusion in the Natural Environment Supplementary Planning Document. Review potential SANG sites identified for their appropriateness. Agree actions for inclusion in the Heritage Coast Management Plan in respect of mitigating visitor impact and ensure incorporation into the Infrastructure Delivery Plan.

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 129 8 Monitoring, Next Steps and Conclusion

Screen impact of Gypsy and Traveller Site allocations if these are required prior to Submission Stage. Screen impact of infrastructure priorities within the Infrastructure Delivery Plan and Regulation 123 list prior to Submission stage. Screen changes to policy following consultation.

Conclusion

8.3 If Durham County Council are able to incorporate the avoidance and mitigation measures set out in section 7 and any further measures that may be required as a result of the next steps identified into the Submission Stage document, it will be possible to state that the Local Plan Preferred Options will not lead to adverse effects on Natura 2000 sites.

130 Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options Consultation A

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 131 132 A Habitat

Table 27 Consultation with Natural England - The County Durham Plan Core Strategy Interim Habitats Regulations (Screening) 2011 Consultation

Document Natural England Comments 7th July 2011 DCC response

Regulations Reference

2.3 (1) We note that the screening report has included 4 Natura 2000 sites as they lie Noted. Further consideration will be given to Natura 2000 sites within 15km of the border of County Durham. It is important to consider whether further from the County border as part of the screening process there are sites that could be affected as a result of the Durham Plan further than in line with your comments / aspects to consider. The screening

15km from the county border, particularly in terms of indirect effects of development, report will be amended accordingly Assessment such as recreational pressure and air pollution. As a general guide we would advise that the following should be considered as part of the screening process:

all sites within the plan area; all sites downstream of the plan area in the case of river or estuary sites;

all peatland and other wetland sites with significant hydrological links to land of within the plan area, irrespective of distance from the plan area; the all sites which have significant ecological links with land in the plan area, for

County example, land used by bats or migratory birds, which also use a Special Area of Conservation (SAC) or Special Protection Area (SPA) respectively, at different times of the year; all sites within 5km of the plan area boundaries that may be affected by local

Durham recreational or other visitor pressure from within the plan area; all sites within about 20km of the plan area that comprise major (regional or national) visitor attractions such as promoted National Nature Reserves, coastal sites and sites in major tourist or visitor destinations such as AONBs

Plan and National Parks; all sites that are used for, or could be affected by, water abstraction

Preferred irrespective of distance from the plan area; all sites used for, or could be affected by, discharge of effluent from waste water treatment works or other waste management streams serving land in the plan area, irrespective of distance from the plan area.

Options If there is any doubt as to whether a European site may be affected, a precautionary approach should be adopted and the information for the site should be obtained. We would be pleased to discuss this issue in more detail.

2.7 (2) It is important to recognise that the Habitat Regulations Assessment (HRA) process Noted - only those features of European importance will be only considers impacts or effects on the features of European importance, which considered in many cases are not the sole features of interest of the component SSSI. Document Natural England Comments 7th July 2011 DCC response Reference

3.2 Impact In addition to considering the presence of a river/watercourse there is a need to Noted - It is recognised that coastal processes such as coastal

Habitat Pathways (3) recognise the coast and coastal processes as potential routes for impacts, eg retreat can impact on N2K sites. Coastal processes have been longshore drift may lead to impacts along the coast. added to bullet point list regarding Broad Impact Types and Pathways. Table 2 amended accordingly

Regulations 3.2 Impact In addition to roads there may also be an impact arising from other transport Noted and added to bullet point list in the report. Table 2 Pathways (4) infrastructure, eg rail and airports. amended accordingly

Table 2 Impact When considering species movements it is important to also recognise that plants Noted - added reference to plant species movement under the Pathways (5) may move, eg through the spread of seeds. species movement columns of Table 2

Assessment Table 2 Impact When considering hydrology it is important to also consider groundwater and the Noted and reference now included in Table 2 Pathways (6) impacts of changes to aquifers on features of interest

Table 2 Impact Habitat or species disturbance often arises as a result of recreational activities. Noted and included reference within broad impact types against Pathways (7) There are potentially many different pathways that can transfer impacts onto N2K habitat / species disturbance and within Table 2 sites. For example development of new housing may lead to increased recreational of pressure and impacts from cats and dogs on nesting birds. the Table 2 Impact The ability to adapt to climate change is likely to be affected by factors that will Noted and reference now included in Table 2

County Pathways (8) increase habitat fragmentation and isolation or physical conditions such as availability of water.

Table 2 Impact Other impact pathways which warrant consideration throughout the screening Noted Durham Pathways (9) process are: Coastal squeeze now referenced in Table 2 against habitat or species destruction and fragmentation and ability to •Coastal squeeze and the potential the Core Strategy will have to promote adapt to climate change

development and infrastructure close to the coast which might constrain habitat

Plan Included reference to invasive species in table 2 under mobility when combined with pressures from coastal squeeze. Species movement and against Habitat / Species destruction and fragmentation. Relevant SAC's and SPAs

Preferred •Invasive species – what impact will the Plan have on their spread and their potential will be re-screened for potential invasive species impacts, impact on European sites? particularly in relation to new housing Consultation

We recommend that these impact pathways are considered throughout the HRA

process. Options 133 A 134 A Habitat

Document Natural England Comments 7th July 2011 DCC response Consultation Reference

Regulations Table 3 (10) It is not clear for the River Eden SAC what is meant by ‘...if measured from upper Also uncertain as to meaning as original author has since left reaches of streams feeding SAC’ and Tyne and Nent SAC what is meant by ‘if the authority. Unclear references removed from Table 3 and measured from the stream flowing through the SAC’. It is important that the comment relating to considering impacts on catchments are screening process considers the potential for impacts on rivers based on their noted catchments rather than linear distances. For example an activity resulting from the

plan may affect the catchment which may ultimately lead to an effect on the features Assessment of interest.

3.24 (11) It is not clear what is proposed by this paragraph. Mineral working is just one Para 3.14 states that west Durham is rich in minerals and wind potential effect in relation the hydrology of sites, therefore the Council need to energy resources and it is considered to be minerals and wind ensure they consider all likely impacts, both alone and in combination energy development which represent the main forms of development which could possibly impact on Natura 2000 sites of located wholly in Cumbria and Northumberland. This paragraph the provides the context for 3.24 Quarrying for Natural and Building

Stone is considered to be the only development activity that is County likely to impact on water quality and hydrology of Tyne and Nent SAC and Tyne and Allen river Gravels SAC. However, other proposed forms of development will be screened for hydrological

Durham impact (alone and in combination) on tyne and Nent SAC and Tyne and Allen River Gravels SAC as suggested.

3.38 (12) This section states that the Tyne and Allen River Gravels SAC can be screened Linked to the above response to 3.24, mineral working was

Plan out yet in section 3.26 it states that the Tyne and Allen River Gravels site cannot considered the only form of development that could impact upon be screened out because significant potential for hydrological impacts. Similarly Tyne and Nent SAC and Tyne and Allen river Gravels. These

3.27 recognises there could be hydrological effects arising out of minerals sites were screened out in the presumption that the preferred Preferred developments in County Durham so why has it been listed in 3.38 as screened option would guide new mineral working to areas outside of the out? AONB. However, this is pre-emptive and it is agreed that both SAC's should not be screened out at this stage unless fully evidenced. The impacts of other forms of development should

Options also be considered. The screening report wil be amended accordingly.

4.5 (13) In the re-wording of the SCS vision it would be preferable to refer to ‘securing Agree. Following rewording suggested: favourable conservation status’ rather than ‘...sites of international importance for biodiversity will not have been adversely affected...’. Document Natural England Comments 7th July 2011 DCC response Reference

Achievement of the favourable conservation status of sites of

Habitat international importance for biodiversity will be worked toward and more of the County's many biological and geological Sites of Special scientific Interest will be under active management to

improve and sustain their condition. Regulations

4.14 (14) We note that further assessment work is required in relation to the new housing Mid August following further revision of Housing distribution requirements and distribution, what is the timescale for this work? figures in response to consultation on the Core Strategy Policy Direction Paper 2011

Assessment Overview of We welcome the proposed modelling of traffic generation and the Water Cycle Noted Housing Study to inform future iterations of the Plan and HRA process. We concur with the Distribution - requirement for assessment of impacts from housing sites in the proximity of N2K Spatial Option A sites. Again, the Council should refer to the general guide on page 1 of this letter, (15) to assess the impacts from housing sites. of 4.15 (16) This summarises the further studies required for Spatial Option A – will they be Yes. A full list of further appropriate assessment tasks has been the carried out? drafte d which we would welcome your comments on

County P42 (17) Reference is made to the River Wear and the ‘marine nature of SPA mean that Amended as suggested any hydrological effects on the River would be insignificant’. This could be expressed more clearly as changes to the hydrology of the River Wear will not

affect the Northumbria Coast SPA. Durham

P47 (18) In terms of habitat and species disturbance where the shore is SPA it could be Agree - appropriate assessment of recreational impacts on disturbed by recreational activities which have the potential to have a significant Northumbria Coast SPA will be undertaken. Text on P47 and

effect above and beyond being ‘naturally disturbed by the tides’. This also applies P72 have been amended accordingly. Plan to the comments on page 72.

Preferred P83 Potential Will the Durham Northern Relief Road and Durham Western Relief Road ‘reroute Both proposed relief roads aim to relieve congestion on routes Strategic Transport rather than increase’ traffic? Will the proposed traffic modelling work provide at capacity in Durham City, Therefore the aim of the roads is to Consultation Routes (19) confirmation of this? How does this fit with Durham’s Local Transport Plan in terms re-route traffic. Increased housing and development generally in combination effects? is likely to increase traffic and the impacts of this will be assessed

further on N2K sites (Castle Eden Dene SAC in particular). The Options traffic modelling work aims to establish whether relief roads are needed as a result of increased housing and employment development in an around Durham city and will not look at 135 A 136 A Habitat

Document Natural England Comments 7th July 2011 DCC response Consultation Reference

Regulations whether in the longer term the roads will contribute to increasing traffic volumes or not. As no potential impacts have been identified on N2K sites in terms of the relief roads it is our belief that on this issue in combination effects with the LTP3 do not need to be considered. However, in combination effects of the

LTP3 and Core Strategy are being considered in relation to the Assessment rail station proposals at Horden on Durham Coast SAC. Advice on these issues would be appreciated.

P87 Green We welcome the proposal that the Green Infrastructure Strategy identifies the Noted - Further information and advice of types of negative Infrastructure (GI) value of GI as providing a buffer zone to SAC, SPA and Ramsar sites. Moreover, impact of GI on N2K sites would be appreciated. For example, (20) we welcome the development and management of GI across Durham through the will recreational impacts be a consideration given that disturbance of Green Infrastructure Strategy, however the Council should consider the location already occurs at the majority of SACs/SPAs in County Durham the of proposed GI and its potential impacts, particularly in terms of recreational and - will designation of GI not dilute the amount of disturbance and

visitor disturbance’? help to potentially increase core habitat? County

P88 Strategic Whilst site specific issues will need to be addressed through the Minerals and Noted - Further information has been received which details air Waste Waste Polices and Allocations DPD there is still the need to consider the strategic quality impacts of of the of the potential waste proposal on

Durham Management (21) approach to waste set out in the Core Strategy and whether this is deliverable in Thrislington SAC. terms of its effects on European sites. We note that Thrislington Quarry is identified as a ‘strategic waste site’ and we concur with the findings of the screening regarding potential impacts on the neighbouring Thrislington SAC grasslands. To this end

Plan we agree that further information is required (paragraph 4.39) as to future proposed uses of the quarry in order for fuller assessment to be made of likely significant

effects on the European site (and National Nature Reserve). Preferred

P93 Renewable Whilst the impacts may depend on the nature and scale of renewable energy Noted - Table related to renewable energy targets has been Energy Targets development there are a number of generic factors to consider: Impacts on SPA amended. Agree that policies within the Core Strategy should (22) birds; Impacts on habitats including peat, soils and hydrology – these may arise provide sufficient protection

Options through both construction and operation of renewable energy technologies. Policies within the Core Strategy should provide sufficient protection to European sites to ensure applications for renewable energy cannot draw support from the plan if likely significant effects are identified at application stage.

P93 Renewable There is no mention of hydropower in this section, is there no intention of the Plan Hydopower is not considered to be a strategic energy resource Energy Targets promoting this form of technology? in terms of its ability to contribute to the County's renewable (23) energy targets. The region's rivers do not offer large scale hydopower resources because of their relatively low flow head. Document Natural England Comments 7th July 2011 DCC response Reference

However, potential for micro hydro schemes in the County exists.

Habitat The impacts of hydropower on N2K sites will be assessed in the event that Core strategy policy encourages hydropower specifically and for all feasible forms of micro energy generation.

Regulations 5. Screening Analysis of Other Individual Policy Areas

P96 (24) We suggest the proposed included wording is amended to read ‘Ensuring Agree - amended development will have no adverse effects on the integrity of Natura 2000 sites’.

P98 (25) Recreational pressures may need to be managed through appropriate planning Noted and added to table relating to A Stronger and Diversified

Assessment and zonation of visitor usage and this needs to be recognised in the polices. Economy

P100 (26) Major new facilities developed in the City of Durham could have impacts on Agree. Amended report accordingly European sites, dependant on their nature.

P105-106 Traveller Has this section only considered sites in East Durham? No- all sites in close proximity to N2K sites have been of Sites (27) considered. These include Castle Eden Dene SAC in East the Durham and Thrislington SAC in South Durham

County Biodiversity and We welcome the recommendations on page 107 and recommend that consistent Agree-wording added Geodiversity (28) language is used to express ‘Ensuring development will have no adverse effects on the integrity of Natura 2000 sites’. Page

Durham P114 Landbanks We agree that there could be significant effects depending on location and in Noted - added reference to ROMP and regulations 63 and 64 (29) addition to the Minerals and waste DPD these will also need to be considered into the Landbanks table. An interim HRA (bridging assessment) through the Review of Old Mineral Permissions (ROMPs) and any reviews may be appropriate whereby the impacts from the date of the

undertaken under Regulations 63 and 64 of the Habitats Regulations 2010. Core Strategy will be assessed till the time the ROMP is due. Plan When the ROMP process begins a further more detailed HRA will be carried out then. Is this the correct approach?

Preferred P117 (30) If the Core Strategy is to propose further working at Thrislington more detailed Noted - If the Core Strategy is to propose further working at Consultation assessment will be required to address the potential for likely significant effects Thrislington for Magnesian Limestone and/or basal permian sand as part of the HRA of the Core Strategy and not deferred to the site level. This is more information will be requested from the developer in relation

also true for those proposals for extensions or new quarries elsewhere across the to impacts of activity and in combination impacts of activity with Options county that have the potential to affect a European site (for example P119, 120). proposed waste facilities on N2K sites (Thrislington SAC / There is also the need to consider whether an additional working of Magnesian Durham Coast SAC). This would also be required for other Limestone as a result of the Plan will affect the Durham Coast SAC. Where the extensions / new sites which are highlighted through screening 137 A 138 A Habitat

Document Natural England Comments 7th July 2011 DCC response Consultation Reference

Regulations Core Strategy proposes site specific development, and likely significant effects as having a possible impact. Reference to requiring further are identified, an Appropriate Assessment must be undertaken. It is not sufficient assessment at the site level for each mineral type has been to rely on the HRA of lower tier plans. removed and impacts to Durham Coast have been included.

P147 (31) We note that GI priorities are recognised as having the potential to have a negative Noted - Further information and advice on types of negative

effect on N2K sites. We agree this may be possible, for example by increasing impact of GI on N2K sites would be appreciated. Increased Assessment recreational pressures on N2K sites. It is important when planning for GI to not recreational pressure may not be a concern (see response only take into account the presence of European sites but to also consider how GI against P87) But type of GI may be. Could this be addressed by can help manage recreational pressures on these sites. Core Strategy Policy?

P319 Force Garth We understand that the ROMP has been postponed and is not now due until 31 Noted Quarry (32) October 2011. We are working closely with the Council and Cemex on the of ROMPand the review under Regulations 63 and 64 of the Conservation of Habitats the and Species Regulations 2010 (these are two separate but related processes not one as suggested in section 6.5).

County P319 (33) We note and support the broad screening of minerals sites and the conclusions Agree - amber sites will be screened and further assessment drawn regarding Force Garth and Thrislington. We note the status of Thrislington will be undertaken in required. Do green sites also need to be

Durham Rough Furze, Hawthorn, Harrow Bank and Ashby Bank, Baxton Law Quarries and screened? would suggest that the precautionary principle is applied and these amber sites are further assessed as they ‘may pose a risk in future if the situation changes’.

P325 (34) Whilst European sites comprise component SSSI it is important to focus the HRA Noted Plan process on the European features of interest and their conservation objectives.

Preferred Conclusions and We broadly support the conclusions and suggested next steps identified in section Noted - exact detail of further work is being drawn up and we Next Steps (35) 7.1. These are clearly dependent on further assessments being undertaken and would welcome your comments on the suitability of further studies it would be useful to have an indication of the timescales for these studies and suggested. how they dovetail with the LDF timescales.

Agreed - a more detailed summary will be provided in the Options As a screening report it would be helpful for the conclusion to summarise which screening report European sites have been screened, which sites have the possibility of likely significant effects as a result of the Core Strategy (both alone and in combination with other plans or projects) and which have been screened out as not likely to be subject to a significant effect as a result of the Plan. It would also be helpful to briefly summarise the emerging issues, options and policy areas which have emerged as needed to be assessed further. Document Natural England Comments 7th July 2011 DCC response Reference

Natural England would be pleased to discuss the screening exercise with the

Habitat Council and to consider with you how best to proceed with future stages of the HRA. If you would like to meet to take these discussions forward do please contact me.

Regulations

Minutes of Meeting between Durham County Council, Natural England and RSPB- 11th August 2011

Attendees: RH (Natural England), ZB (Natural England), MK (RSPB), RL (DCC), JM (DCC), TMH (DCC), NW (DCC) and CD (DCC) Assessment

1. Introductions

All attendees introduced themselves and gave a brief explanation of their role in the process. RH provided more detail on the Natural England re-organsiation by explaining that the teams were now grouped around dunctions rather than regions (i.e. Land use), with ZB and RH covering of the North-East / Yorkshire and Humber area. ZB is now primary contact for Core Strategy work. Any further consultations send to Nat England the portal, but copy in ZB.

County 2. Draft Schedule of Response to NE Consultation Comments (July 2011)

Sites under consideration: DCC have amended buffer zone to 20km from County boundary – this has generated a few additional sites

Durham to consider. These sites are yet to go through an initial screening. Action 1: DCC screen additional sites and check the HRA on the RSS to see what list of sites it considered/ screened out to help in this process.

Plan

Impact pathway (rail): It was noted that the key things to consider in relation to the impact of rail would be e.g. new stations, high-speed Preferred rail, and diesel freight. But it was pointed out that the rail head at Thrislington (SAC with potential to be affected by rail movements) was

not in operation and there didn’t seem to be any non-electric lines in close proximity to the site. Action 2: DCC to clarify whether rail Consultation is likely to have an impact on Thrislington SAC. It was also noted that there is no specific research on what the appropriate distance

a designated site should be from a railway line to avoid impact. It was agreed that the 0.2km distance applied to roads would be reasonable Options to apply to rail – if necessary. 139 A 140 A Habitat

Invasive species: Concerns about being able to adequately screen out this potential impact were raised. It was agreed that a pragmatic Consultation approach was necessary (particularly when addressing this pathway) as there was a limit to the Core Strategy’s/Local Plan’s role in

Regulations addressing all potential problems under HRA. RH suggested taking the approach of including a robust policy within the Core Strategy and ‘signposting’ other relevant plans/ strategies within the Core Strategy that would have a more prominent role in managing sites/ potential impacts. MK suggested that perhaps appropriate design guidance could be attached to new housing developments to put the onus on homeowners re plants - this would however be very difficult to enforce. In terms of cats and dogs, MK raised the idea of placing covenants on developments (i.e. restricting the number of dogs and cats homeowners can have), however, it was agreed that this was

Assessment likely to be unenforceable. It was nonetheless agreed that logical assumptions could be made re dogs by trying to quantify the current level of disturbance with new housing levels. Action3: RH to check whether any of his colleagues know of studies done on quantifying impacts from dogs, cats (conflicts to wildlife/habitats caused by proximity to humans) on SAC/ SPAs.

SHMA: RL provided an update on the SHMA and its timetable. He explained they planned to fast-track re-working the SHMA, which

would include new primary data, and hoped to have it completed by December 2011 (this is tight timescale though). This was vital for of

finalising housing distribution and total housing numbers. the

County Local Plan: RL also added that the new draft NPPF was likely to radically change the required approach taken on the Core Strategy – i.e. it is to be replaced by a Local Plan which includes all policies, strategic and non-strategic allocations, etc. Planners still considering how best to present Local Plan and if Durham has a case for having an additional DPD to manage content. DCC hopes to come a view

Durham on this by the beginning of September.

Strategic Transport Routes: It was queried whether the proposed strategic transport routes around Durham City would re-route traffic rather than increase levels. It was added that there is evidence that new bypasses usually increase traffic levels as they provide a more

Plan convenient ‘fast’ route. RL agreed that this was a key issue and was one that DCC would have to address prior to examination. It was explained there was no conclusive evidence to answer this at the moment, but that traffic modelling on the proposed relief roads, the

Preferred A1(M) and A19 corridors was currently being carried out. It was aimed to consult on the relief roads (proposed routes, etc) along with the strategic Durham City Green Belt allocations in October 2011.

Green Infrastructure: It was agreed that the benefits of using GI to protect designated sites was highly-depended on its type, design,

Options size, and location. ZB explained that GI needed to be used to restrict movement to SAC/ SPA (as a buffer and alternative green space) and so design and management were vital. Action 4: DCC to comment on GI Strategy to amend the policies/recommendations to reflect this and place emphasis on good management and design.

Hydro power: RL provided an update. It was noted that DCC have located where potential opportunities are, but it was explained that hydro power was unlikely to have a critical role in the Council’s strategy on renewable energy generation. There may be a role for micro-hydro, but it was agreed assessing this impact is likely to be problematic. It was agreed that the impacts of hydro may not be relevant for Durham considering the reasons why our sites have been designate (e.g. Northumberland sites were designated for types of fish and hydro was restricting fish passage – not likely to be a problem for any of the sites under consideration) – however the possible knock-on impacts on wetlands should be considered. Action 4: DCC to check this point. Habitat Landbanks/ ROMP Review: It was agreed that undertaking a bridging assessment along with including a robust policy within the Core Strategy explaining this approach would be acceptable (for Nat England). In reference to the HRA on the RSS, RH explained that they

took a similar approach and sought national guidance at the time. Action 5: DCC to send bridging assessment to Natural England/ Regulations RSPB for comments when completed (in due course).It was agreed that the assessment should include green and dormant sites and demonstrate how they can be screened out – e.g. not relying on them in the plan, dormant for a reason. Shows audit trail. It was noted that RH had provided comments on the Minerals Strategy.

SSSI/ SAC/ SPA Designated Features: RH/ ZB emphasised that it was important to be clear on what special features European sites

Assessment have been designated for – e.g. the SAC may be designated for different features to those relevant to the SSSI or NNR designation.

N2K Site Management Plans: It was explained that not all N2K sites have management plans – only the ones that have component NNR’s. However, most N2K sites that comprise of SSSI’s will have a list of conservation objectives and a favourable conditions table. Action 6: JM has a copy of the list of conservation objectives and FCTs (may have on a CD) for relevant sites – also need to of locate Reg 33 packages for coastal sites.Action 7: DCC to get/ look at appropriate assessments carried out by Natural England the for reference (have to do them when providing regulatory/consent function). Action 8: Where sites are not covered by Management

Plans DCC to speak to RH about gaining relevant information from land management teams at Nat England about specific site County issues.

Durham 3. Thrislington

RL and JM provided background to the current and proposed allocations at Thrislignton Quarry for mineral working and waste. The proposals

Plan map and most recent submission from Lafarge / Amec on their strategic waste site allocation were discussed in detail. The following comments and actions were noted.

Preferred All agreed that this was a complex site with many in-combination effects to be taken into consideration. Action 9: DCC to ask Lafarge to examine in-combination effects of the proposed waste site and mineral working at Thrislington Quarry. Consultation It was explained that any HRA of Thrislington was complicated by the fact that the DCC MSW Strategy had not yet been finalised and

the initial contract was unlikely to cover the proposed Plan period (i.e. until 2030). RL added that the MSW Strategy likely to go out to Options tender in October so DCC have more information by preferred options stage. Until this point any submission put forward by Lafarge was unlikely to include definite proposals as they would want to remain flexible. All agreed this presented problems for carrying out an HRA 141 A 142 A Habitat

as it did not deal with uncertainty. Action 10: DCC to suggest that Lafarge put forward several possible waste/ mineral working Consultation options to be assessed as a means of addressing the inherent level of uncertainty – enough detail about each option would

Regulations need to be provided. The possibility of looking at other potential strategic waste sites as an alternative approach was discussed along with whether this site was critical to delivering the Plan’s objectives.It was noted that this was already a consideration. Acton 11: DCC to look into alternative waste sites that were less sensitive.

Assessment In discussion over the details of the waste allocation proposal, it was agreed that an independent expert should analyse the air quality figures/ analysis and that DCC should question AMEC’s use of a different air quality model (the agreed model is APIS). Moreover, there appeared to be anomalies with the conclusions drawn from the air quality results – e.g. nitrogen levels appear to increase over the critical load, but the report states no negative impact or does not link this increase to potential waste activities? Action 12: DDC to seek expert advice/ interpretation of air quality data. Action 13: DCC to question Lafarge on the use of the specific air quality model and

its results. of the RL stated that water issues should no longer be as problematic as landfill is not longer a consideration for the strategic waste site proposal.

County However, TMH added that many factors could cause contamination – e.g. slippages from HGVs – and more evidence of mitigation measures would be required. MK added that even if elements proposed were uncertain, if certainty could be gained from mitigation measures that would be an important consideration. Action 14: DCC to contact Environment Agency regarding standard mitigation

Durham measures put in place at waste/ mineral extraction sites and gain a view on how effective they are put in practice/any monitoring carried out?

Plan

Preferred 4. Additional Studies

RH stated that the Core Strategy needs to recognise that it cannot promote an increase in pollution and disturbance to SAC/ SPAs, but he suggested that a robust form of words/ policy in the Core Strategy stating where other documents/ strategies could manage impacts

Options and when AAs would be carried (i.e. when specific schemes are put forward) was a possible reasonable approach to take. Action 16: DCC to look at Policy 38 and 16 in RSS (and its associated HRA) for reference and for form of words used on recognising the impact of traffic pollutants and tourism/ recreation TMH questioned whether an existing study on migratory birds could be used as evidence. It was agreed that maritime birds were not such an issue as their locations were roughly known. However MK suggested that a study should be undertaken to assess where the birds are, their numbers, what the current impacts are, and what impact the increased tourism (if any) and/or housing numbers is likely to have – hence mitigation for this (possible zonation of sites). It is important to include the ‘built up’ areas of Seaham, as there are implications with reference to any regeneration/improvement projects – that impact on areas used by the birds. Action 17: RH to circulate letter from Chief Inspector about importance of being thorough in the HRA (use for evidence in HRA presentation). Wind Energy and use of functional land was noted as an important issue.

Habitat MK suggested a zonation approach for water sports/ dog walkers/ walkers/ cyclists etc. Action 18: DCC to check what is proposed in Destination Plans and ensure that the Core Strategy makes a link to them. Action 19: DCC to seek data on visitor numbers/ footfall from Durham Heritage Coast.

Regulations Our statement about relying on Water Cycle study was agreed to be broadly correct. Action 20: DCC to check with Northumbria Water about abstraction on River Tees – verify with Environment Agency. Action 21: DCC to check Northumbria Water’s “Strategic Direction Statement” for further information. MK suggest that with the Tees barrier in place the river is becoming a ‘marine controlled environment’ so river flows may not be an issue.

Assessment Table 28 Draft HRA Screening Report - Durham Local Plan - March 2012

Document Natural England Comments DCC Response Natural England Response Reference of Not The main general issue that we think may not have been Noted and agree that this issue will need to be Natural England does not hold records

the applicable considered in a sufficiently precautionary manner is recreational considered in a more precautionary manner. for visitor numbers or distances (1) impacts on the North Pennine Moors Special Area of Conservation We have tried to obtain data on the recreational travelled data for the North Pennine

County (SAC) and Special Protection Area (SPA) and South Pennine catchment for the North Pennine Moors SAC Moors SAC/SPA. However we note that Moors SPA/SAC. We notice that the proximity of Barnard Castle / SPA but have so far been unsuccessful in data is collected from ‘People Counters’ to these sites has been identified as an issue requiring further obtaining specific information. The tourism on the Pennine Way National Trail,

investigation on page 83 but would recommend that consideration destination plans for Durham County, and which may also be of use in this regard Durham is also given to the ‘in combination’ recreational impacts from specific plans for Barnard Castle and Stanhope and we believe that Durham Council’s Stanley (for example on page 158) and Crook, both of which are do not provide sufficient information in order access department hold this data. If you approximately 10km from the sites. to define a catchment. Do Natural England have difficulty acquiring this information

know of any other documents / research that we should be able to get hold of it for Plan It may be that obtaining any data available on the recreational may help? Otherwise we will have to rely on you. Furthermore the North Pennines catchment of these two sites will assist in screening out other research/reports on countryside access AONB may hold information about

Preferred settlements this far afield. that have been carried out in other parts of the visitors. country. Consultation Regarding the Moor House Upper We would be grateful if you could provide us Teesdale NNR management plan, we

with a copy of the management plan for Moor note that you have previously requested Options House Upper Teesdale NNR as this may this from us and we apologise for the contain information on travel distances which delay in getting it to you. We do not hold 143 A 144 A Habitat

Document Natural England Comments DCC Response Natural England Response Consultation Reference

Regulations could possibly be extrapolated and applied to a digital copy of this document so if you the North Pennine Moors SAC/SPA if you could suggest a postal address we will agree with this approach? mail a hard copy to you immediately.

However we do advise that the data

therein is likely to be of limited use in Assessment this context. We therefore advise that, visitor surveys will be necessary in order to define a recreational catchment for these European sites, unless such information can be acquired from

another source, or extrapolated from of other suitable studies. the

We note that the North Pennine Moors County SPA/SAC extends into Northumberland, Northumberland

Durham National Park, Eden District and the Yorkshire Dales National Park planning authority boundaries, and that these planning authorities may therefore have

Plan dealt with this issue. It may therefore be useful to contact these planning

authorities regarding their approach. Preferred The in combination effect of your approach should also be considered alongside that of these planning authorities.

Options

Not As a related point, although we notice that where settlements are Noted and agree. Information from the Durham We agree with this approach, provided applicable located within 1km of the Durham Coast recreational pressure Heritage Coast Visitor Survey Report 2010 (2) has been identified as a potential impact pathway, we would may help us to establish a catchment. 1. that there is a clear commitment for suggest that, given the appeal of the coast settlements further However, it is considered that a further study this study to be undertaken; afield than 1km that these may also contribute to such pressure. may need to be undertaken with colleagues in Document Natural England Comments DCC Response Natural England Response Reference

Once again, obtaining any data available on the recreational Sunderland and Hartlepool Borough Council 2. that the LPA can demonstrate in the

Habitat catchment of the site will assist in screening out settlements to best define where visitors come from, how HRA that there is viable mitigation further afield. they access the site and how the site is used. which will when implemented result in Further consideration on the need for this study no likely significant effect , even if the

will be given once the results of the bird study study reveals that the impact is at the Regulations have concluded. (Due at the end of this month). top end of what might be expected; and

If the need for an additional study is required 3. That any development proposals there is a risk that this will not be complete by submitted prior to the study being the time that the draft County Durham Plan is completed will be treated with a

published (due Sep 2012). The findings and precautionary approach, and Assessment actions from this additional study are likely to appropriate assessment required where be incorporated into the Durham Heritage recreational pressure needs to be Coast Management Plan which is due to be addressed at the project stage. revised and monitored by the Management Plan forum. We would welcome the opportunity to

review the wording of this. of Would it be sufficient for the County Durham the Plan to make a commitment to the study and

commit to ensuring that development is County supportive of and complimentary to the resulting actions within the Durham Heritage Coast Management Plan?

Durham

Not It may be worthwhile considering possible mitigation options in Noted. We envisage that we will need to Natural England welcomes the proposal applicable relation to recreational disturbance. I believe Natural England include a policy within the County Durham Plan to include a policy related to SANGS

Plan (3) has provided guidance on this issue previously, however for on the need to provide SANGS within which has the potential to do a great information I outline the following: appropriate buffer zones of Natura 2000 sites. deal to mitigate the potential for

We are however, uncertain as to the need for recreational pressure on European Preferred Recreational impacts, including impacts from dogs/cats on a policy relating to a 400 metre no build zone. Sites.

SACs/SPAs: Currently, there are only six housing sites Consultation within 400m of a SPA. Two of which have Regarding sites within 400m of the Natural England’s stance in relation to cats is that any measure physical barriers such as the River Tees and SPA,could you clarify what relation

Options to prevent access or restrict cats away from sensitive areas East Coast Main Line between the housing site these six sites have to the Local Plan? cannot be supported as they are unsustainable. In relation to the If these are not allocated as part of the 145 A 146 A Habitat

Document Natural England Comments DCC Response Natural England Response Consultation Reference

Regulations Thames Basin Heath Special Protection Area in Surrey there is and the SPA. The planners have also Local Plan then they do not need to be a 400m ‘no build zone’ which is also being considered in the New confirmed that they will not allocate any of addressed by HRA at this stage. If Forest. The 400m is based upon the roaming distance of cats. these sites within the County Durham Plan. subsequently planning applications are Natural England does not support covenants as a means of made within proximity to the SPA then controlling cats – again this is not an effective sustainable solution. However, please could you advise as to potential disturbance will need to be

Further sources of guidance are provided below: whether you consider we need a policy which dealt with by assessment at project Assessment addresses the ‘cats’ issue for development that stage. Bracknell Council are in the process of producing a ‘Special may come forward over the plan period? Protection Area Avoidance and Mitigation Supplementary Whether a development management Planning Document’, which may be of assistance in relation to policy is required to protect SPA’s from the provision of Suitable Alternative Natural Greenspace (SANGS) disturbance from cats depends on the

and access management and monitoring. Please note that this conclusions of your Habitat’s of is a draft document and therefore will require some Regulations Assessment. If it is not the amendment/improvement but provides a useful starting point. In possible to conclude no likely significant

addition the Thames Valley Basin Delivery Framework is a good effect then a suitable policy will be County resource. It is used by Local Planning Authorities affected by the necessary, for which a ‘no build zone’ SPA. It may also be worthwhile to read other HRA documents buffer may be appropriate. where recreational impacts have been discussed and mitigated,

Durham for example Breckland Council’s HRA for their Site Allocated DPD.

Natural England uses SANGS quality guidance to assess the

Plan suitability of alternative sites – these are developed to ensure SANGS replicate the qualities of designated sites to make them

attractive to potential users. Preferred

The Solent Forum was established in order to develop a shared understanding among the authorities involved in planning and management in the Solent area (including Southampton Water

Options and three main harbours – Portsmouth, Langstone and Chichester). The Forum initiated a Disturbance and Mitigation Project in relation to recreational pressure on the Solent SPA/SAC/Ramsar site. Again this report may be of assistance as an example of best practice and to understand the type of evidence that may be required. Document Natural England Comments DCC Response Natural England Response Reference

Paragraph Regulation 48 is not the correct Regulation in the Conservation Will amend as required

Habitat 1.6, page 5 of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010. This should refer to (4) Regulations 61 and 62.

Paragraph There is a typographical error which states 20111 whereas it Will amend as required

Regulations 1.14, page should be 2011 7 (5)

Table 7, It would be useful to define the meaning of ‘close’ to the A1 and Will amend as required page 65, A19, i.e. by outlining the distance.

1st row (6) Assessment

Table 10, The A1 is over 200m from Thrislington SAC so increased traffic Please could you provide further clarification Considering that Thrislington SAC is page 73, flows on that road are unlikely to lead to attributable changes in on this issue? Is it Natural England’s view that over 200m from the A1 we are satisfied 1st row (7) deposition within that specific SAC (although they may contribute we should not be screening Thrislington SAC for it to be screened out with regards to to an overall change in background air quality within the County). out even though it is more than 200m from the air pollution. A 200m buffer is our As advised previously, Natural England is currently advising that A1 due to background levels? national standard for air pollution of spatial plans focus on assessing the more local impacts (within resulting from roads. the 200m) but such plans should be mindful of the UK’s air quality We are currently of the understanding that a and biodiversity commitments and adopt less polluting alternatives policy within the County Durham Plan that Natural England welcomes the proposal

County and policies to reduce air pollution where possible. encourages more sustainable means of travel of a sustainable travel policy. will be included as will a policy which deals Therefore the Council may want to reassess this issue in light of specifically with developments that contribute

Durham the distance between the A1 and Thrislington SAC. This statement to air pollution. Will such policies be sufficient is repeated numerous times within the report including pages 74, in dealing with background air quality issues 81, 82, 101 and 165. and enabling us to screen impact to Thrislington SAC out?

Plan

Table 10, It would be useful to elaborate as to how WFD requirements will Noted – report will be amended / revised

Preferred page 73, prevent water quality impacts to justify the judgement that has accordingly.

2nd row been made in relation to water quality Consultation and numerous

Options other locations in the 147 A 148 A Habitat

Document Natural England Comments DCC Response Natural England Response Consultation Reference

Regulations document (8)

Table 10, We would agree that there should be no water quality impacts, Noted – The Water Cycle Study is due for Noted page 76, provided it can be confirmed that physical sewer capacity is completion by the end of the month. New

2nd row (9) adequate and that there is sufficient headroom within consented evidence within the study will be used to Assessment effluent discharge volumes for the relevant wastewater treatment update water quality sections. It is likely that works. If consented, discharge volumes would need to be raised in some parts of the County investment to and consented discharge quality standards would need to be Sewage treatment works will be required prior tightened to achieve ‘no deterioration’, in which case it would be to development and development will need to necessary to ensure that this was feasible before allocation of be phased. Developers will also need to significant development within the WwTW catchment. contribute to upgrades to sewer capacity – of particularly where we have combined sewer the This issue is likely to require further consideration at site allocation across the County for surface water run off and

stage foul water. County

Please be aware that the draft County Durham Plan due to be published for consultation in

Durham September will contain strategic policies and allocations.

Plan Table 10, We would agree that recreational pressure on Castle Eden Dene Noted. However, do you anticipate that Castle Eden Dene NNR provides an page 76, SAC is unlikely to be unmanageable given the existing developers should contribute toward important contribution to the delivery of final row management procedures and the nature of the SAC itself in management plan activity given the scale of high quality environment in this area of

Preferred (10) limiting off-track activities. development in the east of the County? A the county; we therefore consider that distribution of 4,550 houses over the plan developer contributions to site period is currently being considered. management would be appropriate.

Options Table 10, We would agree with this assessment but note that the Will amend as required page 76, Northumbria Coast SPA is also very close to Peterlee. In our view last row this SPA should also therefore be included within the table. (11)

Table 11 We would also apply the same comments to Table 11 as we have Will amend as required (12) for Table 10 Document Natural England Comments DCC Response Natural England Response Reference

Page 101 We would agree with the general summary provided here and Noted

Habitat (13) that Peterlee and Seaham are the two settlements where further scrutiny of likely significant effects is most required

Table 30, It is Natural England’s view that for further iterations of this work Noted – report will be amended / revised

Regulations page 21 it would be useful to tailor this section more specifically to waste accordingly. (14) and minerals impacts pathways which do differ from those of housing/employment. Examples of waste-specific pathways would include atmospheric emissions from Energy from Waste facilities (EA guidance recommends subjecting all EfW facilities within

10km of European site to HRA screening), dust generation, noise Assessment from concrete crushing, plant pathogens associated with non-inert landfill sites (EA guidance recommends subjecting all new non-inert landfill sites loctated within 5km of an SPA designated for breeding birds to HRA screening over this issue) and landfill gas emissions (which can emit NOx through the flare).

Minerals-specific pathways would include noise and dewatering of impacts the

Not Natural England notes that the HRA relies on ‘lower tier’ Habitat Please could you provide further clarification Yes we miss-interpreted that, thank you County applicable Regulations Assessments, once additional details of individual on this issue as we do not believe we are for the clarification. Considering this it (15) schemes are available in order to conclude that likely significant relying on ‘lower tier’ Habitat Regulations may be prudent to make it a clearer in effects will not occur. However, it is worth bearing in mind relevant Assessments. Where we have stated in the the report.

Durham case law relating to the HRA of plans to ensure the regulations report that ‘Assessment needed when are implemented correctly. The EC v UK the European Court of locational and other further information is Justice case found that it was the requirement of what is now available’ we are relating to the need for section 38(6) of the Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act, to planners to indicate their desired direction in

Plan determine planning applications in accordance with the terms of preferred policy and allocations before development plan that made Britain’s land use plans capable of we can screen impacts in or out in relation to

significantly affecting European sites. Consequently, it is our topics such as waste management, minerals Preferred advice that policies or proposals which could have a high potential planning and renewable energy. Perhaps we

for significant adverse effects on European sites should be need to be clearer on this in the report? Consultation removed from the plan; or policy-specific, or proposal-specific, mitigation measures must be introduced to the plan.

Options 149 A 150 A Habitat

Document Natural England Comments DCC Response Natural England Response Consultation Reference

Regulations This is in preference to a general protection policy which merely creates an internal conflict between plan policies, rather than avoiding the potentially significant effects. Any tension in the plan must be resolved in favour of protecting the European sites from harm which may be caused by the effects of the policies or

proposals in the plan Assessment

Not The reliance on more detailed assessment of effects later in the As above, please can you provide any further Noted, As above. applicable plan making process, when more detail is available, can be a clarification on this issue? (16) legitimate mitigation measure to ensure that the emerging plan is compliant with the Regulations and adverse effects on the of integrity of a site will be avoided. However, such assessment of the the effects of the plan should not be left until the individual project

application stage. Therefore the HRA of the Local Plan will need County to fully set out the proposed course of action and explain what will be required at the lower tier stage

Durham Not It would be beneficial to include additional wording to the Local Noted – happy to request the inclusion of these applicable Plan, over and above the wording on page 144, as a further additional objectives in the County Durham (17) safeguard in relation to lower tier assessment. The Plan should Plan. include a clear statement that it:

Plan Any development that would lead to an adverse impact on a European site, either alone or in combination with other plans or

Preferred projects would not be in accordance with the Core Strategy and would not, therefore have the benefit of the presumption in favour accorded via Section 38 of the Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004; and

Options Any development that would be likely to have a significant effect on a European site, either alone or in combination will be subject to an assessment under Part 6 of the Habitat Regulations at project application stage. If it cannot be ascertained that there would be no adverse effect on site integrity the project will have to be refused or pass the further statutory tests of ‘no alternatives’ Document Natural England Comments DCC Response Natural England Response Reference

and ‘imperative reasons of overriding public interest’ set out in

Habitat Regulation 62, in which case any necessary measures will need to be secured in accordance with Regulation 66

Regulations

Assessment of the

County

Durham

Plan

Preferred Consultation

Options 151 A Component SSSI's and Condition Status B

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 152 Table 29 Component SSSI's and Condition Status

Natura 2000 Component SSSI % Area % Area % Area % % Area % Area Improvement Site meeting PSA favourable unfavourable unfavourable unfavourable destroyed/part / Decline from

Habitat target recovering no change declining destroyed 2011 Status

(Green = Improvement,

Regulations Red = Decline,

No Fill = No change)

Assessment North Allendale Moors 100 19.82 80.18 0 0 0 Pennine Moors Appleby Fells 99.46 4.65 94.81 0.55 0 0 SAC/SPA Arkengarthdale, Gunnerside and Reeth 100 19.38 80.62 0 0 0 Moors of Bowes Moor 100 0 100 0 0 0 the Component Cotherstone Moor 100 17.67 82.33 0 0 0

County

Lune Forest 100 11.54 88.46 0 0 0

Mallerstand-Swaledale Head 98.24 10.47 87.77 1.76 0 0 Durham

SSSI's Moorhouse and Cross Fell 97.32 0 97.32 0 2.68 0

Muggleswick, Stanhope and 100 4.44 95.56 0 0 0

Plan Edumnbyers Commons and and Blanchland Moor

Condition Preferred Upper Teesdale 97.78 12.09 85.69 2.23 0 0

Whitfield Moor, Plenmeller and 100 17.66 82.34 0 0 0 Asholme Commons

Status Options Bollihope, Pikestone, Eggleston and 100 14.78 85.22 0 0 0 Woodland Fells 153 B 154 B Habitat

Natura 2000 Component SSSI % Area % Area % Area % % Area % Area Improvement Component Site meeting PSA favourable unfavourable unfavourable unfavourable destroyed/part / Decline from target recovering no change declining destroyed 2011 Status

Regulations (Green = Improvement,

Red = Decline, SSSI's

No Fill = No

Assessment

change) and

Condition Grains O'th' Beck 100 100 0 0 0 0

Foster's Hush 100 100 0 0 0 0 of

Hartley Cleugh 100 100 0 0 0 0 Status the

Hexamshire Moors No record No record No record No record No record No record County

Moor House Appleby Fells 99.46 4.65 94.81 0.55 0 0 Upper

Moorhouse and Cross Fell 97.32 0 97.32 0 2.68 0 Durham Teesdale SAC Upper Teesdale 97.78 12.09 85.69 2.23 0 0

Cornriggs Meadows 100 100 0 0 0 0 Plan

North Far High House Meadows 100 100 0 0 0 0

Preferred Pennine Dales Grains O 'th' Beck 100 100 0 0 0 0 Meadows SAC Hannahs Meadow 100 100 0 0 0 0

Options Mere Beck Meadows 100 100 0 0 0 0

Middle Crossthwaite 100 100 0 0 0 0

Middle Side and Stoneygill Meadows 91.19 73.92 17.27 8.81 0 0

Rigg Farm and Stake Hill Meadows 100 0 100 0 0 0

West Park Meadows 100 100 0 0 0 0 Natura 2000 Component SSSI % Area % Area % Area % % Area % Area Improvement Site meeting PSA favourable unfavourable unfavourable unfavourable destroyed/part / Decline from target recovering no change declining destroyed 2011 Status

Habitat (Green = Improvement, Red = Decline,

Regulations No Fill = No change)

White Ridge Meadows 0 0 0 100 0 0

Assessment Castle Eden Castle Eden Dene 100 6.79 93.21 0 0 0 Dene SAC

Teesmouth Cowpen Marsh 100 0 100 0 0 0 and Cleveland Durham Coast 100 62.80 37.20 0 0 0

Coast SPA of Seal Sands 85.74 3.31 82.43 9.91 0 4.34 the Component Seaton Dunes and Common 100 38.54 61.46 0 0 0

County South Gare and Coatham Sands 100 23.95 76.05 0 0 0

Tees and Hartlepool Foreshore and 72.65 72.60 0.05 0 27.35 0 Durham

Wetlands SSSI's

Northumbria Durham Coast 100 62.80 37.20 0 0 0 Coast SPA

Plan and Durham Durham Coast 100 62.80 37.20 0 0 0

Condition

Preferred Coast SAC

Thrislington Thrislington Plantation 100 100 0 0 0 0 SAC

Status Options (102)

102 Source: Natural England - SSSI Condition Summary - Compiled 1st July 2012 155 B Bridging Assessment Determination of Sites C

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 156 Table 30 Bridging Assessment - Determination of Inclusion / Exclusion of Sites

Site Name Mineral Status Expiry Date Relied To be Justification Environment Act 1995 (103) Extraction Upon to included in Review Date

Habitat maintain bridging landbank assessment or to ensure

Regulations continuity of supply

Eldon Brickworks Brick Shale Active Feb 2042 Yes Yes Active and relied upon by County Dec 2022 Quarry and Extension, Durham Plan Eldon

Assessment Long Lane (Todhills), Brick Shale, Active Apr 2018 Yes Yes Active and relied upon by County April 2014 Newfield Clay and Coal Durham Plan. Strategic extension to this site proposed by the County Durham Plan

Cobey Carr (Todhills) Brick Shale On dormant list On dormant list No No Restored through landfill Not required Bridging of Newfield but restored via the landfill

County Lumley Brickworks, Brick Shale On dormant list On dormant list No No Restored through landfill Not required

Fencehouse but restored via Assessment landfill

Durham Birtley Quarry Brick Clay Active May 2020 Yes Yes Active and relied upon by County Review submitted but Durham Plan consideration suspended. (Union Brickworks), Further information required.

Need for appropriate

Birtley Determination

Plan assessment will be considered when revised

submission is made Preferred

St Bedes, Birtley Brick Clay On dormant list On dormant list No No Restored through landfill Not required but restored via landfill

of

Options

Sites

103 The Environment Act allows applicants to apply to the MPA to postpone the Review date 157 C 158 C Habitat

Site Name Mineral Status Expiry Date Relied To be Justification Environment Act 1995 Bridging (103) Extraction Upon to included in Review Date maintain bridging

Regulations landbank assessment

or to Assessment ensure continuity of supply

Assessment Broadwood Quarry, Carboniferous Active Feb 2042 No Yes Active and relied upon by County Aug 2015 Frosterley Limestone Durham Plan

Determination Heights Quarry, Carboniferous Active Feb 2042 Yes Yes Active and relied upon by County March 2018 Eastgate Limestone (extension to Durham Plan site desired) of Hulands Quarry and Carboniferous Active Dec 2026 Yes Yes Active and relied upon by County Jan 2021 the Extension, Bowes Limestone (recent site Durham Plan

of

extension County

granted) Sites

Kilmond Wood, Bowes Carboniferous Inactive Feb 2042 Potentially – Yes In order to maintain sales of Oct 2013

Limestone new carboniferous limestone over the Durham permissions plan period additional permitted required reserves are required. over the life of the plan

Plan Newlandside, Carboniferous Active 2012 No No Planning permission expires prior to Not required

Preferred Stanhope Limestone adoption of the County Durham (removal of Plan. heaps, not extraction of new material)

Options Harrowbank & Ashby Carboniferous Inactive – new Feb 2042 Potentially – Yes New proposals have been submitted Information to support an Bank Quarry (IDO) Limestone proposal have new but determination suspended appropriate assessment will been submitted permissions be requested when but required determining new scheme of determination over the life conditions. suspended of the plan

103 The Environment Act allows applicants to apply to the MPA to postpone the Review date Site Name Mineral Status Expiry Date Relied To be Justification Environment Act 1995 (103) Extraction Upon to included in Review Date maintain bridging landbank assessment

Habitat or to ensure continuity of supply

Regulations Bollihope (Jopler Carboniferous Dormant Feb 2042 Potentially – Yes In order to maintain sales of Dormant site Sykes), Frosterley Limestone new carboniferous limestone over the permissions plan period additional permitted Information to support an required reserves are required. appropriate assessment will over the life be requested when

Assessment of the plan determining new scheme of conditions if required.

Bollihope L20, Carboniferous Dormant Feb 2042 Potentially – Yes In order to maintain sales of Dormant site Frosterley Limestone new carboniferous limestone over the Bridging permissions plan period additional permitted Information to support an of required reserves are required. appropriate assessment will the over the life be requested when of the plan determining new scheme of

County conditions if required.

Assessment

Bollihope L21, Carboniferous Dormant Feb 2042 Potentially – Yes In order to maintain sales of Dormant site Durham Frosterley Limestone new carboniferous limestone over the permissions plan period additional permitted Information to support an required reserves are required. appropriate assessment will

over the life be requested when Determination

Plan of the plan determining new scheme of conditions if required.

Preferred

Carriers Hill, Killhope Carboniferous Dormant Feb 2042 Potentially – Yes In order to maintain sales of Dormant site Limestone new carboniferous limestone over the

permissions plan period additional permitted of

Options required reserves are required.

Sites

103 The Environment Act allows applicants to apply to the MPA to postpone the Review date 159 C 160 C Habitat

Site Name Mineral Status Expiry Date Relied To be Justification Environment Act 1995 Bridging (103) Extraction Upon to included in Review Date maintain bridging

Regulations landbank assessment

or to Assessment ensure continuity of supply

Assessment over the life Information to support an of the plan appropriate assessment will

be requested when Determination determining new scheme of conditions if required. of Greenfield, Lanehead Carboniferous Dormant Feb 2042 Potentially – Yes In order to maintain sales of Dormant site the Limestone new carboniferous limestone over the

of

permissions plan period additional permitted Information to support an County

required reserves are required. appropriate assessment will Sites over the life be requested when of the plan determining new scheme of

conditions if required. Durham

Parson Byers, Carboniferous Dormant Feb 2042 Potentially – Yes In order to maintain sales of Dormant site

Stanhope Limestone new carboniferous limestone over the Plan permissions plan period additional permitted Information to support an required reserves are required. appropriate assessment will

Preferred over the life be requested when of the plan determining new scheme of conditions if required.

Options Puddingthorn, Carboniferous Dormant Feb 2042 Potentially – Yes In order to maintain sales of Dormant site Lanehead Limestone new carboniferous limestone over the permissions plan period additional permitted required reserves are required.

103 The Environment Act allows applicants to apply to the MPA to postpone the Review date Site Name Mineral Status Expiry Date Relied To be Justification Environment Act 1995 (103) Extraction Upon to included in Review Date maintain bridging landbank assessment

Habitat or to ensure continuity of supply

Regulations over the life Information to support an of the plan appropriate assessment will be requested when determining new scheme of conditions if required.

Assessment

Scutterhill, Westgate Carboniferous Dormant Feb 2042 Potentially – Yes In order to maintain sales of Dormant site Limestone new carboniferous limestone over the permissions plan period additional permitted Information to support an required reserves are required. appropriate assessment will over the life Bridging be requested when of of the plan determining new scheme of the conditions if required.

County

Side Head, Westgate Carboniferous Dormant Feb 2042 Potentially – Yes In order to maintain sales of Dormant site Assessment Limestone new carboniferous limestone over the

permissions plan period additional permitted Information to support an Durham required reserves are required. appropriate assessment will over the life be requested when of the plan determining new scheme of

conditions if required. Determination

Plan

Preferred White Hills, Carboniferous Dormant Feb 2042 Potentially – Yes In order to maintain sales of Dormant site Ireshopeburn Limestone new carboniferous limestone over the permissions plan period additional permitted required reserves are required.

of

Options

Sites

103 The Environment Act allows applicants to apply to the MPA to postpone the Review date 161 C 162 C Habitat

Site Name Mineral Status Expiry Date Relied To be Justification Environment Act 1995 Bridging (103) Extraction Upon to included in Review Date maintain bridging

Regulations landbank assessment

or to Assessment ensure continuity of supply

Assessment over the life Information to support an of the plan appropriate assessment will

be requested when Determination determining new scheme of conditions if required. of Aycliffe East, Newton Magnesian Active 2014 No No Permitted reserves will be 2010 - Still under the Aycliffe Limestone exhausted prior to adoption of the consideration. Information to

of

County Durham Plan support an appropriate County

assessment can be submitted Sites with additional information if required

Durham Bishop Middleham, Magnesian Active Jun 2015 No Yes An extension to this site is expected Not required Bishop Middleham Limestone to be submitted in 2012

West Cornforth, Magnesian Inactive Feb 2042 No Yes Uncertainty regarding proposed Feb 2024 Plan Cornforth Limestone merger between Tarmac and Anglo American may result in a revised

Preferred strategy (by Tarmac) for working sites in County Durham over the County Durham Plan Period.

East Cornforth, Magnesian Inactive Feb 2042 No Yes Uncertainty regarding proposed Jun 2014

Options Cornforth Limestone merger between Tarmac and Anglo American may result in a revised strategy (by Tarmac)for working sites in County Durham over the County Durham Plan Period.

103 The Environment Act allows applicants to apply to the MPA to postpone the Review date Site Name Mineral Status Expiry Date Relied To be Justification Environment Act 1995 (103) Extraction Upon to included in Review Date maintain bridging landbank assessment

Habitat or to ensure continuity of supply

Regulations Raisby (Coxhoe) Magnesian Active 2018 Yes Yes Active and relied upon by the Jul 2013 Limestone County Durham Plan. Plus uncertainty regarding proposed merger between Tarmac and Anglo American may result in a revised

Assessment strategy (by Tarmac) for working sites in County Durham over the County Durham Plan Period.

Witch Hill, Shadforth Magnesian Inactive Feb 2042 No Yes An extension to this site is likely to Dec 2015 Limestone be sought in the future. Bridging of the Running Waters, Magnesian Inactive Feb 2042 No Yes New proposals may be considered Sep 2012 Shadforth Limestone in light of requirement to maintain

County continuity of supply

Assessment Crime Rigg, Shadforth Magnesian Active Dec 2022 Yes Yes Active and relied upon by the Not required Limestone and County Durham Plan

Durham sand

Thrislington and Magnesian Active To be confirmed Yes Yes Active and relied upon by the Jan 2017

Eastern Extension, Limestone, given new County Durham Plan. Determination

Plan Cornforth sand and permission dolomite granted for Furthermore, uncertainty regarding

extension proposed merger between Tarmac Preferred and Anglo American may result in a revised strategy (by Tarmac) for working sites in County Durham

over the County Durham Plan of

Options Period.

Sites

103 The Environment Act allows applicants to apply to the MPA to postpone the Review date 163 C 164 C Habitat

Site Name Mineral Status Expiry Date Relied To be Justification Environment Act 1995 Bridging (103) Extraction Upon to included in Review Date maintain bridging

Regulations landbank assessment

or to Assessment ensure continuity of supply

Assessment Rough Furze, Magnesian Inactive and Not applicable No No Working at this site will not Not required Cornforth (IDO) Limestone now extension recommence

to Thrislington Determination has been granted rights to work this site will

be surrendered of upon the the commencement

of

of the Eastern County

Extension to Sites Thrislington Quarry

Durham Old Quarrington and Magnesian Active Feb 2042 Yes Yes Active and relied upon by the Not required Cold Knuckles Old Limestone and County Durham Plan. Quarrington sand

Furthermore, uncertainty regarding Plan proposed merger between Tarmac and Anglo American may result in

Preferred a revised strategy (by Tarmac) for working sites in County Durham over the County Durham Plan Period.

Options Hawthorn Magnesian Inactive – new Feb 2042 No Yes Submission may be considered in Information to support an Limestone planning light of requirement to maintain appropriate assessment will conditions have continuity of supply. be requested to accompany yet to be additional information awaited agreed. Revised

103 The Environment Act allows applicants to apply to the MPA to postpone the Review date Site Name Mineral Status Expiry Date Relied To be Justification Environment Act 1995 (103) Extraction Upon to included in Review Date maintain bridging landbank assessment

Habitat or to ensure continuity of supply

Regulations submission Furthermore, uncertainty regarding awaited proposed merger between Tarmac and Anglo American may result in a revised strategy (by Tarmac) for working sites in County Durham

Assessment over the County Durham Plan Period.

Chilton Magnesian Site is restored Not applicable No No Site is restored and aftercare was Not required Limestone and and aftercare completed in 2009 Sand was completed Bridging of in 2009 the Tuthill Quarry, Haswell Magnesian Dormant Feb 2042 No No Not being relied upon by the County Not likely to be required

County Limestone Durham Plan

Assessment Coxhoe and Joint Magnesian Dormant (in Feb 2042 No No In process of being restored by Not likely to be required Stocks Limestone process of being landfill

Durham restored by landfill)

John O’Tooles, Magnesian Dormant (in Feb 2042 No No Site is being restored by landfill Not likely to be required Determination

Plan Westerton Limestone process of being restored by

landfill) Preferred

Baxton Law, Natural Active 2012 No - due to No Details discharged for restoration Not likely to be required Hunstanworth Building and expiry date Roofing Stone of

of

Options permission

Sites

103 The Environment Act allows applicants to apply to the MPA to postpone the Review date 165 C 166 C Habitat

Site Name Mineral Status Expiry Date Relied To be Justification Environment Act 1995 Bridging (103) Extraction Upon to included in Review Date maintain bridging

Regulations landbank assessment

or to Assessment ensure continuity of supply

Assessment Cat Castle, Lartington Natural Active Feb 2042 Yes Yes Active Feb 2017 Building and

Roofing Stone Determination

Dead Friars, Stanhope Natural Active Feb 2042 Yes Yes Active Aug 2013 Building and

Roofing Stone of the Dunhouse, Staindrop Natural Active Aug 2019 No – due to Yes Operator may potentially submit a June 2014

of

Building and expiry date new application County

Roofing Stone of Sites permission

Lingberry, Staindrop Natural Active 2014 No - due to Yes Reserves remain, operator may Not required Durham Building and expiry date submit a new application to extend Roofing Stone of period of working permission

Plan Shipley Banks, Natural Active Feb 2042 Yes Yes Active Oct 2022 Marwood Building and

Preferred Roofing Stone

Stainton Quarry, Natural Active Feb 2042 No No Site is nearly exhausted Jan 2013 Stainton Building and Roofing Stone

Options Harthope Head, St Ganister site Active Feb 2042 Yes Yes Currently, the Ganister extracted at Oct 2013 John's Chapel but spoil heaps this quarry is not being used for are being specialist purposes. Instead this worked for mineral is being used as building building stone stone. However, given that planning permission at several sites expire

103 The Environment Act allows applicants to apply to the MPA to postpone the Review date Site Name Mineral Status Expiry Date Relied To be Justification Environment Act 1995 (103) Extraction Upon to included in Review Date maintain bridging landbank assessment

Habitat or to ensure continuity of supply

Regulations during the life of the County Durham Plan this site may be required alongside further small scale permissions in order to ensure continuity of supply of building and

Assessment roofing stone to meet local and regional needs.

Windy Hill, Marwood Natural Active Mar 2014 No Yes Active March 2014 Building and Roofing Stone Bridging of Berry Bank, Natural Dormant Feb 2042 No No The site has been inactive for a Not required the Edmondbyers Building and number of years Roofing Stone

County

Wharnley Burn Farm, Natural Dormant Feb 2042 No No In the years since this quarry was Dormant site Assessment Castleside Building and registered as dormant the Council Roofing Stone has not been aware on any interest Information to support an

Durham in the working of this site. It is not appropriate assessment will considered that there is any future be requested when prospect in the working of Wharnley determining new scheme of

Burn Farm conditions if required. Determination

Plan

Force Garth, Dolerite Active Feb 2042 Yes Yes Active and only site currently worked July 2011 (ongoing) Preferred Middleton-in-Teesdale (Whinstone) in County Durham for the extraction of Dolerite Appropriate Assessment will be undertaken prior to Review

submission being progressed of

Options

Sites

103 The Environment Act allows applicants to apply to the MPA to postpone the Review date 167 C 168 C Habitat

Site Name Mineral Status Expiry Date Relied To be Justification Environment Act 1995 Bridging (103) Extraction Upon to included in Review Date maintain bridging

Regulations landbank assessment

or to Assessment ensure continuity of supply

Assessment Cockfield, Teesdale Dolerite Dormant Feb 2042 No No Restored via landfill Not required (Whinstone)

Determination Crossthwaite, Holwick Dolerite Dormant Feb 2042 No Yes Due to current issues with Force Dormant site (Whinstone) Garth,interest in this site may arise Information to support an

appropriate assessment will of be requested when the determining new scheme of

of

conditions if required. County

Sites

Greenfoot, Stanhope Dolerite Dormant Feb 2042 No Yes Due to current issues with Force Dormant site

(Whinstone) Garth, interest in this site may arise Durham Information to support an appropriate assessment will be requested when

determining new scheme of Plan conditions if required.

Preferred Middleton, Holwick Dolerite Dormant Feb 2042 No Yes Due to current issues with Force Dormant site (Whinstone) Garth, interest in this site may arise Information to support an appropriate assessment will

Options be requested when determining new scheme of conditions if required.

103 The Environment Act allows applicants to apply to the MPA to postpone the Review date Site Name Mineral Status Expiry Date Relied To be Justification Environment Act 1995 (103) Extraction Upon to included in Review Date maintain bridging landbank assessment

Habitat or to ensure continuity of supply

Regulations Park End, Holwick Dolerite Dormant Feb 2042 No Yes Due to current issues with Force Dormant site (Whinstone) Garth, interest in this site may arise Information to support an appropriate assessment will be requested when

Assessment determining new scheme of conditions if required.

Park Wall North, Coal and Active 2013 No No Short term site. Site will be restored Not required Sunniside fireclay prior to adoption of the County Bridging Durham Plan of the Weather Hill, Stanhope Moulding Sand In restoration Feb 2042 No No The operator has now ceased Not required extraction and the site is being

County restored.

Assessment Houselop Beck, Moulding Sand Dormant Feb 2042 No No There is no record in the recent past Dormant site Wolsingham of any operator interest in working

Durham this site and that there is no Information to support an evidence to suggest that further appropriate assessment will moulding sand extraction in County be requested when

Durham is likely. determining new scheme of Determination

Plan conditions if required.

Preferred Viewly Hill High Stoop Moulding Sand Dormant Feb 2042 No No This site has not been worked since Dormant site Quarry, Tow Law the 1950s. In the years since this quarry was registered as dormant

of

Options

Sites

103 The Environment Act allows applicants to apply to the MPA to postpone the Review date 169 C 170 C Habitat

Site Name Mineral Status Expiry Date Relied To be Justification Environment Act 1995 Bridging (103) Extraction Upon to included in Review Date maintain bridging

Regulations landbank assessment

or to Assessment ensure continuity of supply

Assessment the Council has not been aware of Information to support an any interest in the working of this appropriate assessment will

site. Similarly, there has been no be requested when Determination interest in the working of new determining new scheme of moulding sand sites in conditions if required. CountyDurham for many years.

Accordingly, it is not considered that of there is a prospect for the future the working of moulding sand from this

of

site. County

Sites Gypsy Lane Sand Dormant Feb 2042 No No More than sufficient permitted Dormant site ,Nunstation reserves remain in remaining active

site to meet existing levels of Information to support an Durham demand throughout the plan period appropriate assessment will be requested when determining new scheme of

conditions if required. Plan

th Preferred Hummerbeck, West Sand and Dormant - but Feb 2042 Yes Yes New conditions were issued on 25 Nov 2025 Auckland gravel new application November 2011. submitted

Low Harperley, Sand and New Site 16 years from Yes Yes Members resolved to grant planning Will be required 15 years

Options Weardale Gravel the date of permission in July 2010. Permission following issue of planning commencement not yet issued. permission

Page Bank, Byers Sand and Dormant Feb 2042 No No Part of the site is within an active Not required Green gravel landfill site

103 The Environment Act allows applicants to apply to the MPA to postpone the Review date Site Name Mineral Status Expiry Date Relied To be Justification Environment Act 1995 (103) Extraction Upon to included in Review Date maintain bridging landbank assessment

Habitat or to ensure continuity of supply

Regulations Roger Hill, Sand and Dormant Feb 2042 No No Working ceased in the 1960’s. It is Dormant site DerwentBridge Gravel also not considered that there is a prospect for any further working Information to support an over the plan period based upon the appropriate assessment will extent of permitted reserves of sand be requested when

Assessment and gravel with planning permission determining new scheme of for working. conditions if required.

Wolsingham, Sand and Dormant Feb 2042 No No Working ceased in the 1960’s.It is Dormant site WearValley (not Low Gravel also not considered that there is a Bridging Harperley site) prospect for any further working Information to support an of over the plan period based upon the appropriate assessment will the extent of permitted reserves of sand be requested when and gravel with planning permission determining new scheme of

County for working. conditions if required.

Assessment

Castleside, Castleside Ganister Dormant Feb 2042 No No There is no demand for this mineral Dormant site Durham type from County Durham. The UK. requirement has been met for many Information to support an years from sites elsewhere in the appropriate assessment will

UK. It is not considered that there is be requested when Determination

Plan any prospect for the future working determining new scheme of of Ganister from dormant sites. conditions if required.

Preferred

Cat Crag, Lanehead Ganister Dormant Feb 2042 No No As above Dormant site

of

Options

Sites

103 The Environment Act allows applicants to apply to the MPA to postpone the Review date 171 C 172 C Habitat

Site Name Mineral Status Expiry Date Relied To be Justification Environment Act 1995 Bridging (103) Extraction Upon to included in Review Date maintain bridging

Regulations landbank assessment

or to Assessment ensure continuity of supply

Assessment Information to support an appropriate assessment will

be requested when Determination determining new scheme of conditions if required. of Doctors Gate, Ganister Dormant Feb 2042 No No As above Dormant site the Wolsingham

of

Information to support an County

appropriate assessment will Sites be requested when determining new scheme of

conditions if required. Durham

Harthope West, St Ganister Dormant Feb 2042 No No As above Dormant site

Johns Chapel Plan Information to support an appropriate assessment will

Preferred be requested when determining new scheme of conditions if required.

Options Howden Burn, Ganister Dormant Feb 2042 No No As above Dormant site Frosterley

103 The Environment Act allows applicants to apply to the MPA to postpone the Review date Site Name Mineral Status Expiry Date Relied To be Justification Environment Act 1995 (103) Extraction Upon to included in Review Date maintain bridging landbank assessment

Habitat or to ensure continuity of supply

Regulations Information to support an appropriate assessment will be requested when determining new scheme of conditions if required.

Assessment

Lintzgarth, Rookhope Ganister Dormant Feb 2042 No No As above Dormant site

Information to support an appropriate assessment will Bridging be requested when of determining new scheme of the conditions if required.

County

Muggleswick Common, Ganister Dormant Feb 2042 No No As above Dormant site Assessment Stanhope

Information to support an Durham appropriate assessment will be requested when determining new scheme of

conditions if required. Determination

Plan

Preferred Redmires, Wolsingham Ganister Dormant Feb 2042 No No As above Dormant site

of

Options

Sites

103 The Environment Act allows applicants to apply to the MPA to postpone the Review date 173 C 174 C Habitat

Site Name Mineral Status Expiry Date Relied To be Justification Environment Act 1995 Bridging (103) Extraction Upon to included in Review Date maintain bridging

Regulations landbank assessment

or to Assessment ensure continuity of supply

Assessment Information to support an appropriate assessment will

be requested when Determination determining new scheme of conditions if required. of Roundhill, Rogerley Ganister Dormant Feb 2042 No No As above Dormant site the

of

Information to support an County

appropriate assessment will Sites be requested when determining new scheme of

conditions if required. Durham

Stotsfieldburn, Fluorspar Dormant Feb 2042 No No The last commercial fluorspar mines Dormant site

Rookhope in the County closed in 1999. Since Plan this date and despite two calls for Information to support an new mineral sites in 2005 and 2008 appropriate assessment will

Preferred no interest has been expressed in be requested when any further commercial working in determining new scheme of County Durham. It is not considered conditions if required. the fluorspar working will resume within the North Pennines. This view

Options has been recently confirmed by the British Geological Survey, (Fluorspar Minerals Profile in Feb 2011) which reported that over the last 30 years there have been attempts to establish mineral extraction and processing

103 The Environment Act allows applicants to apply to the MPA to postpone the Review date Site Name Mineral Status Expiry Date Relied To be Justification Environment Act 1995 (103) Extraction Upon to included in Review Date maintain bridging landbank assessment

Habitat or to ensure continuity of supply

Regulations operations in the North Pennines Orefield, none of which have been proved to be economically sustainable. Similarly, the Minerals Profile also states that a resumption

Assessment in mining in the foreseeable future is unlikely. Indeed it is likely that would fluorspar demand can be met by imports from the worlds leading exports e.g. Mexico, Mongolia, China and South Africa which together accounted for 86% of all Bridging of fluorspar exports in 2009. the Bollihope (Harnisha Fluorspar Dormant Feb 2042 No No As above Dormant site

County Burn and Yew Tree)

Frosterley Information to support an Assessment appropriate assessment will be requested when

Durham determining new scheme of conditions if required.

Determination

Plan Burtree Pasture, Fluorspar Dormant Feb 2042 No No As above Dormant site Cowshill

Preferred Information to support an appropriate assessment will be requested when determining new scheme of

conditions if required. of

Options

Sites

103 The Environment Act allows applicants to apply to the MPA to postpone the Review date 175 C 176 C Habitat

Site Name Mineral Status Expiry Date Relied To be Justification Environment Act 1995 Bridging (103) Extraction Upon to included in Review Date maintain bridging

Regulations landbank assessment

or to Assessment ensure continuity of supply

Assessment Sedling Mine, Cowshill Fluorspar Dormant Feb 2042 No No As above Dormant site

Information to support an Determination appropriate assessment will be requested when determining new scheme of

conditions if required. of the

of

Slitt Pasture, Westgate Fluorspar Dormant Feb 2042 No No As above Dormant site County

Sites Information to support an appropriate assessment will

Durham be requested when determining new scheme of conditions if required.

Plan West Blackdene, Fluorspar Dormant Feb 2042 No No As above Dormant site Ireshopeburn

Preferred Information to support an appropriate assessment will be requested when determining new scheme of conditions if required.

Options

Blanket Consent Lead Ore, Dormant Feb 2042 No No It is not considered that there is any Dormant site (Upper Weardale and ZincOre and prospect for the future working of Rookhope) Fluorspar the minerals allowed by this

103 The Environment Act allows applicants to apply to the MPA to postpone the Review date Site Name Mineral Status Expiry Date Relied To be Justification Environment Act 1995 (103) Extraction Upon to included in Review Date maintain bridging landbank assessment

Habitat or to ensure continuity of supply

Regulations permission. The available evidence Information to support an for this view is based upon appropriate assessment will information form the British be requested when Geological Survey. determining new scheme of conditions if required.

Assessment Lead and Zinc - The BGS report explains the history of lead and zinc mining in the North Pennines. It states that total production of lead concentrates for the whole orefield has been estimated at 3 million tonnes and peak metal mining Bridging of activities was achieved in the mid to the late 19th century. Mining for metal ores as the principal product ended

County in the late 1930s.

Assessment Fluorspar - Justification as stated

against dormant fluorspar sites Durham

Determination

Plan

Preferred

of

Options

Sites

103 The Environment Act allows applicants to apply to the MPA to postpone the Review date 177 C Screening of Mineral Sites D

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 178 Screening of Mineral Sites D

Table 31 Screening of Mineral Sites

Mineral Site / Impact Type Description Natura 2000 Condition / Initial assessment of significance Background Info Site Vulnerability Affected Affected (Green= screened out not likely to cause significant adverse effect

Orange = further screening and /or assessment work required)

Eldon Brickworks Air Quality Emissions - - Eldon Brickworks Quarry is currently worked on a Quarry, Eldon from heavy campaign basis to provide brickshale material for use goods in the adjacent brickworks. This generates periodic (Brickshale) vehicles on dumptruck movements between the quarry and the roads stockpile area of the brickworks. This does not enter within 200 onto the local highways and is not considered as a Following the metres of potential traffic impact. The number of HGVs servicing granting of planning Natura the brickworks is not restricted, and reflects the market permission in 2008, 2000 sites demand for finished brick products. sufficient brick making raw materials exist at Eldon to Potential The strategic routes for HGV's from the brickwork are meet the long term for dust the A689 and the A167 which do not pass within 200 requirements of the emissions metres of Natura 2000 sites. adjacent brick from manufacturing plant minerals In terms of dust emissions, MPS2 (104) advises that extraction to provide a the greatest proportion of dust emitted from mineral and landbank currently in working largely deposit within 100 metres of sources. processing excess of 25 years. The site is remote from Natura 2000 sites based in the sites South of the County between Bishop Auckland and Shildon. The worked area of the site is also subject to conditions relation to dust suppression which are being met (July 2011).

(Thrislington SAC is the closest Natura 2000 site to Eldon Brickworks Quarry and is over 8.5 km away as the crow flies)

Water Contamination - - Water resources in and around the entire permitted area Quality of surface are very limited. There are no major watercourses or and / or bodies of open water within a 1km radius of the site groundwater other than the Dene Beck, located approximately 300 required by metres west of the current quarry void. Dene Beck is a qualifying tributary of the River Gaunless which in turn is a tributary features of of the River Wear. The confluence of the River Wear Natura and Gaunless is to the north of Bishop Auckland which 2000 sites is over 4km from the quarry site as the crow flies. Specific impacts to Northumbria Coast SPA as a result of increased pollution to the River Wear are unlikely due to the distance of Natura 2000 areas from Wearmouth, the diluting effect of the Rivers in terms of distance from the quarry to the coast and the control measures currently in place to prevent surface water pollution which are being met on site.

Vehicular movements between the quarry area and the adjacent brickworks are via internal haul routes, which are hardsurfaced in the vicinity of the brickworks. Sediment and mud tracked into this area is prevented from entering into surface watercourses by the use of good housekeeping measures (mobile sweeper unit, use of sediment traps and interceptors within site drainage system etc).

In terms of potential impact to groundwater, there are no groundwater arisings within the current void area and the void is not located within the watertable.

104 Whilst it is recognised that MPS2 has been replaced by the NPPF, the 100 metre buffer is still considered relevant.

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 179 D Screening of Mineral Sites

Mineral Site / Impact Type Description Natura 2000 Condition / Initial assessment of significance Background Info Site Vulnerability Affected Affected (Green= screened out not likely to cause significant adverse effect

Orange = further screening and /or assessment work required)

Hydrology Changes to - - The site is self-contained with surface water collecting the supply at the low point of the quarry and percolating down to of surface groundwater. There are no requirements to discharge and / or surface water from the current void to permit operations. groundwater required by In terms of groundwater, the site is located on the qualifying Magnesian Limestone aquifer which underlies features of Thrislington SAC. However, there are no requirements Natura to dewater the working void so supply of groundwater 2000 sites should not be impacted. It is also highly unlikely that further parts of the minerals consultation area will need to be worked over the plan period.

Habitat or Operation - - The site is not located within a Natura 2000 site and species of site ecological surveys undertaken as part of the destruction resulting in environmental statement supporting the 2008 planning or land take application show that the existing site and the then fragmentation from Natura proposed extension area do not represent habitats or 2000 sites species linked to Natura 2000 sites. or functional land and other operational factors that could cause damage to qualifying habitat / species

Habitat or Operation - - The site is remote from Natura 2000 sites and ecological species of sites surveys undertaken as part of the environmental disturbance resulting in statement supporting the 2008 planning application show disturbance that the site is not considered to be functional land in to terms of supporting qualifying SPA species. qualifying species

Ability to Operation - - The quarry, permitted extension and wider mineral adapt to of site consultation area is not located within a flood zone and climate impacting will not affect flood plain storage or increased flood risk change upon to Natura 2000 sites. Furthermore, the habitats/species habitats / recorded within Eldon Brickworks are different from species those found in relevant SAC's and SPA's, meaning that ability to there is no opportunity for substitution of loss due to migrate / climate change. The habitats/species within the wider adapt in mineral consultation area are also likely to be different response to form qualifying species related to Natura 2000 sites climate under consideration. change and increasing climate change associated risk i.e. Flooding / erosion

Long Lane Air Quality Emissions - - Clay and shale is extracted at Long Lane quarry and (Todhills) (Brick from heavy may be extracted from the proposed extension area to Shale, Clay and goods supply the adjacent Todhills brickworks. Todhills Coal) vehicles on brickworks is situated between the villages of Newfield roads and Byers Green, to the south of Willington. within 200

180 Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options Screening of Mineral Sites D

Mineral Site / Impact Type Description Natura 2000 Condition / Initial assessment of significance Background Info Site Vulnerability Affected Affected (Green= screened out not likely to cause significant adverse effect

Orange = further screening and /or assessment work required)

Active site and metres of According to the County Durham freight map, materials proposed strategic Natura leaving the brickworks via HGV would be required to extension 2000 sites utilise either the A690 or A688 eastbound to reach either the A1(M) or A167 for transportation to markets. No Existing permitted Potential Natura 2000 sites exist within 200 metres of these roads reserves are for dust so impacts from vehicle emissions are unlikely. insufficient to provide emissions for a 25 year from In terms of dust emissions, MPS2 (105) advises that landbank and minerals the greatest proportion of dust emitted from mineral guarantee the future extraction working largely deposit within 100 metres of sources. of Todhills and There are no Natura 2000 sites within 100 metres of the brickwork's. processing existing quarry, proposed extension area or wider Additional brick sites mineral consultation area. No blasting takes place at making raw materials the existing quarry and would not be required for the are needed over the proposed extension area. Dust suppression conditions County Durham Plan are being met (August 2011) and are likely to be a period. A site condition of a potential planning permission for the allocation for brick proposed extension area. clay and shale extraction 40.63 ha in extent to the South of the brickwork's is Water Contamination Northumbria Potential to There are no watercourses that connect directly with currently proposed Quality of surface Coast SPA impact upon the Long Lane quarry or the proposed extension area. as a potential and / or food availability However, the River Wear flows around the south eastern strategic allocation to groundwater and northern part of the wider mineral consultation area. meet identified need required by Specific impacts to Northumbria Coast SPA as a result in the County qualifying of increased pollution to the River Wear are unlikely due Durham Plan features of to the distance of Natura 2000 areas from Wearmouth Natura and the diluting effect of the River in terms of distance 2000 sites from Long Lane quarry and the proposed extension area to the coast. The control measures currently in place at Long Lane quarry to prevent surface water pollution are being met on site (August 2011).

Control measures are also likely to be a condition of a potential planning permission for the proposed extension area.

In terms of impacts to groundwater, it is not known whether the current Long Lane site or the proposed extension area will impact upon groundwater resources or not. Further hydrogeological survey would be required in respect of the proposed extension area.

However, potential impacts to groundwater are unlikely to impact upon Natura 2000 sites as the proposed extension and wider mineral consultation area is within a Secondary A aquifer linked to the Wear Carboniferous Limestone and Coal Measures groundwater body. This waterbody does not underly Natura 2000 sites under consideration.

Hydrology Changes to - - Working of the Long Lane site and proposed extension the supply area will not impact upon the supply of surface and of surface groundwater required by qualifying features of Natura and / or 2000 sites. groundwater required by qualifying features of Natura 2000 sites

105 Whilst it is recognised that MPS2 has been replaced by the NPPF, the 100 metre buffer is still considered relevant.

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 181 D Screening of Mineral Sites

Mineral Site / Impact Type Description Natura 2000 Condition / Initial assessment of significance Background Info Site Vulnerability Affected Affected (Green= screened out not likely to cause significant adverse effect

Orange = further screening and /or assessment work required)

Habitat or Operation - - The existing Long Lane site and proposed extension species of site area is not within a Natura 2000 site. Further to this the destruction resulting in land type within the wider area is largely arable land so or land take unlikely to support qualifying species of Natura 2000 fragmentation from Natura sites under consideration. 2000 sites or functional land and other operational factors that could cause damage to qualifying habitat / species

Habitat or Operation - - The existing Long Lane site and proposed extension species of sites area is remote from SPA's and is indicated by the disturbance resulting in Mapping Sensitive Areas for Birds Report as of Local disturbance Importance only for sensitive bird species. As a result to the area which is unlikely to be considered as functional qualifying land for qualifying SPA species. species Ecological surveys will be required as part of an Environmental Impact Assessment to be undertaken as part of any planning applications in respect of the proposed extension area.

Ability to Operation - - As the Long Lane site and proposed extension area is adapt to of site remote from Natura 2000 sites, outside of the floodplain climate impacting of the River Wear and unlikely to affect floodplain change upon storage, working of the permitted area is unlikely to habitats / increase climate change related risks to qualifying species species. Furthermore, due to land use type of the area ability to the habitats/species are likely to be different from those migrate / found in relevant SAC's and SPA's, meaning that there adapt in is no opportunity for substitution of loss due to climate response to change. climate change and increasing climate change associated risk i.e. Flooding / erosion

Birtley Quarry Air Quality Emissions - - Clay and shale is extracted from Birtley Quarry to supply (Union Brickworks), from heavy the adjacent Union brickworks in Birtley, Gateshead. Brick Clay goods The site is located approximately 1.5km west of the vehicles on A1(M) so is likely to utilise this road to transport bricks The Union roads to markets. Brickworks is within within 200 Gateshead Borough, metres of No Natura 2000 sites exist within 200 metres of the although the clay Natura A1(m) so impacts from vehicle emissions are unlikely. working which 2000 sites supplies it lies within In terms of dust emissions, MPS2 (106) advises that County Durham. The Potential the greatest proportion of dust emitted from mineral Brickworks produces for dust working largely deposit within 100 metres of sources. bricks from clay emissions There are no Natura 2000 sites within 100 metres of the taken from the from

106 Whilst it is recognised that MPS2 has been replaced by the NPPF, the 100 metre buffer is still considered relevant.

182 Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options Screening of Mineral Sites D

Mineral Site / Impact Type Description Natura 2000 Condition / Initial assessment of significance Background Info Site Vulnerability Affected Affected (Green= screened out not likely to cause significant adverse effect

Orange = further screening and /or assessment work required)

glacial deposit minerals existing quarry. The nearest Natura 2000 site to Birtley known as the Team extraction Quarry is the North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA which washout. and is approximately 22km from the site as the crow flies. A processing dust management plan is implemented on site. Current permitted sites reserves are insufficient to maintain a 25 year Water Contamination - - The quarry is located within the catchments of the River landbank at this Quality of surface Team and the Rowletch Burn. This is a different river manufacturing plant. and / or catchment to those linked to Natura 2000 sites under groundwater consideration. Therefore impact on water quality required required by by qualifying features of relevant Natura 2000 sites is qualifying highly unlikely. features of Natura 2000 sites

Hydrology Changes to - - The quarry is located within the catchments of the River the supply Team and the Rowletch Burn. This is a different river of surface catchment to those linked to Natura 2000 sites under and / or consideration. Therefore impact on water supply required groundwater by qualifying features of relevant Natura 2000 sites is required by highly unlikely. qualifying features of Natura 2000 sites

Habitat or Operation - - No specific impacts - remote from Natura 2000 sites species of site with no linked pathways. The area surrounding the site destruction resulting in is also not considered to be functional land in terms of or land take supporting qualifying species related to Natura 2000 fragmentation from Natura sites. 2000 sites or functional land and other operational factors that could cause damage to qualifying habitat / species

Habitat or Operation - - No specific effects - remote from Natura 2000 sites species of sites disturbance resulting in disturbance to qualifying species

Ability to Operation - - No specific effects. Unlikely to affect floodplain storage adapt to of site or increase flood risk to sites elsewhere. Remote form climate impacting Natura 2000 sites so unlikely to affect the migration of change upon species. Furthermore, due to land use type of the area habitats / the habitats/species are likely to be different from those species found in relevant SAC's and SPA's, meaning that there ability to is no opportunity for substitution of loss due to climate migrate / change. adapt in response to climate change and increasing

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 183 D Screening of Mineral Sites

Mineral Site / Impact Type Description Natura 2000 Condition / Initial assessment of significance Background Info Site Vulnerability Affected Affected (Green= screened out not likely to cause significant adverse effect

Orange = further screening and /or assessment work required)

climate change associated risk i.e. Flooding / erosion

Heights Quarry, Air Quality Emissions North Changes to Access to the existing consented area and proposed Eastgate from heavy Pennine overall condition, western extension (proposed western extension would (Carboniferous goods Moors SAC structure and yield some 5.7 million tonnes of carboniferous limestone) Limestone) vehicles on and SPA function of is gained from the A689 via a metalled road running roads habitat broadly north-south. The main market area for Heights Active site and within 200 North Quarry can be considered as consisting of a 25/30 mile proposed strategic metres of Pennine radius from the quarry and encompasses the towns of extension Natura Dales Bishop Auckland, Barnard Castle and Consett. In order 2000 sites Meadows to access these market areas the County Durham Freight Map proposes HGV's utilise the A689 eastward Existing permitted SAC bound, the A68 north and southward bound and the reserves of Potential A688 eastward bound. The routes that HGV's travelling Carboniferous for dust from Heights Quarry to reach their market areas do not Limestone are emissions pass within 200 metres of Natura 2000 sites and it can declining and will not from therefore be concluded that there are and will be no be sufficient to minerals significant indirect impact to qualifying species arising maintain current extraction from vehicle emissions from working of the current and levels of sales and proposed extension site at Heights Quarry. without the grant of processing sites additional (107) permissions over the In terms of dust emissions, MPS2 advises that life of the County the greatest proportion of dust emitted from mineral Durham Plan. working largely deposit within 100 metres of sources. The existing consented area and proposed extension Heights Quarry was is over 2km from the nearest point of the North Pennine originally granted Moors SAC and SPA designation and over 3km from planning permission the North Pennine Dales Meadows SAC. in 1963 and sufficient permitted reserves of high quality Water Contamination North Maintenance of In terms of surface water, the existing consented area Carboniferous Quality of surface Pennine water quality - and proposed western extension could potentially impact Limestone will and / or Moors SAC organics / silt upon Park Burn (a tributary of the River Wear) and the provide a life of groundwater and SPA from physical River Wear itself. Neither of these watercourse are some 22 years. required by disturbance connected to the North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA However, a qualifying North and North Pennine Dales Meadows SAC so impacts in proportion of features of Pennine Potential to relation to these Natura 2000 sites can be screened out. consented reserves Natura Dales impact upon are overlain by an 2000 sites Meadows food availability Specific impacts to Northumbria Coast SPA are unlikely excessive thickness SAC due to the distance of Natura 2000 areas from of overburden which Wearmouth, the diluting effect of the River in terms of affects the economic distance from Heights quarry to the coast and the control viability of the Northumbria Coast SPA measures currently in place to prevent surface water permitted reserves. pollution. The November 2011 Site Monitoring Report A western extension shows that compliance with control measures to prevent to the site has surface water pollution are currently being met. subsequently been proposed. The Scoping Report submitted for Heights Quarry also proposes that for the western extension the following Due to the need for added safeguards will be put in place: further permitted reserves of Carboniferous -There should be no mineral working or storage of Limestone over the materials within close proximity of the Park Burn. A plan period the standoff of undisturbed ground of around 50m is proposed western recommended. extension is being considered by the -A formal interception ditch should be constructed to County Durham Plan catch flows from up-gradient of any extension area for as a potential diversion around any such proposed working. strategic allocation.

107 Whilst it is recognised that MPS2 has been replaced by the NPPF, the 100 metre buffer is still considered relevant.

184 Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options Screening of Mineral Sites D

Mineral Site / Impact Type Description Natura 2000 Condition / Initial assessment of significance Background Info Site Vulnerability Affected Affected (Green= screened out not likely to cause significant adverse effect

Orange = further screening and /or assessment work required)

In terms of impact to groundwater, Heights Quarry is located on the Great Limestone which is a Secondary A aquifer related to the Tees Carboniferous Limestone and Millstone Grit groundwater body.

The Scoping Report submitted for Heights Quarry indicates there is little flow of water within the quarry, indicating that at this location the Great Limestone is largely dry apart from minor seepages associated with particular discontinuities. This is because there is a limited outcrop width of the Great Limestone for direct rainfall recharge around the margins of Heights Quarry, and the overlying strata include mudstones, shales and some clay horizons of low permeability. Also there is no Great limestone outcrop for many kilometres to the north; hence there is no destination for groundwater to flow to within the limestone.

For these reasons any impact to groundwater in terms of quality will be insignificant in respect of knock on impacts to Natura 2000 sites. In general terms, The Tees Carboniferous Limestone and Millstone Grit waterbody is also expected to meet the Water Framework Directive targets of good chemical and quantitative status by 2015.

Hydrology Changes to North Required water The Scoping report submitted for Heights Quarry the supply Pennine levels not indicates that no dewatering is undertaken at the site of surface Moors SAC maintained nor is any planned in respect of the proposed extension. and / or and SPA Water for dust suppression is taken according to the groundwater terms of an abstraction licence from a small lagoon in required by the north-western corner of the quarry. There are no qualifying other licensed groundwater abstractions within 2km of features of the quarry and there are no domestic abstractions in Natura close proximity to the quarry. In the absence of 2000 sites dewatering, or of any significant scale of groundwater abstraction in the vicinity Heights Quarry cannot result in any significant derogation of the groundwater resources of the area.

Habitat or Operation North Reduction in Heights quarry is not within a SAC or SPA, neither is species of site Pennine extent of habitat the proposed western extension. No record of qualifying destruction resulting in Moors SAC species linked to the SAC or SPA exists within the or land take and SPA current mineral consent area. The proposed western fragmentation from Natura extension is likely to result in the direct loss of the 2000 sites North majority of the vegetation within the proposed area. The or Pennine Phase 1 Habitat Survey undertaken of the extension functional Dales indicates that this area contains nardus grassland which land and Meadows is a qualifying Annex I species of the North Pennine other SAC Moors SAC. This is the only qualifying species that has operational been recorded. However, nardus grassland is in factors that abundance across the North Pennines area so its loss could in this area is unlikely to significantly impact on species cause population within the North Pennine Moors SAC. The damage to Phase 1 Habitat survey does not indicate the presence qualifying of qualifying species connected to the North Pennine habitat / Dales Meadows SAC or any other Natura 2000 site. species

Habitat or Operation North Disturbance of Heights quarry and the proposed western extension is species of sites Pennine bird species not within a SAC or SPA but is within 2km of the North disturbance resulting in Moors SPA Pennine Moors SPA and is indicated by the Mapping disturbance Sensitive Areas for Birds Report as of County and to National Importance for sensitive bird species. qualifying species

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 185 D Screening of Mineral Sites

Mineral Site / Impact Type Description Natura 2000 Condition / Initial assessment of significance Background Info Site Vulnerability Affected Affected (Green= screened out not likely to cause significant adverse effect

Orange = further screening and /or assessment work required)

In July 2012, Aggregate Industries commissioned Middlemarch Environmental Ltd to undertake an assessment of the potential disturbance effects of blasting on qualifying species of the SPA. This report concluded that:

"Based on the existing habitats present within Heights Quarry, the proposed extension area and its immediate surrounds, the proposed allocation is considered highly unlikely to significantly impact upon the integrity of the SPA. Habitat is considered to be either completely unsuitable or suboptimal for breeding by four of the six qualifying species (golden plover, hen harrier, merlin and dunlin) therefore the risk of disturbance to these species is low.

Suitable breeding habitat for peregrine and Eurasian curlew is present within the study area, therefore it is possible that both of these species could be subject to disturbance in the absence of appropriate mitigation. The level of disturbance perceived is unlikely to be of significance to the integrity of the SPA; however it could result in a breach of wildlife legislation with regard to nesting birds. It is considered that the potential for disturbance to these species may be obviated through the implementation of a programme of monitoring, the results of which should be used to inform a protocol for undertaking quarrying activities in a way which will avoid disturbance to any birds breeding within or in proximity to the site.

Ability to Operation North Movement / As Heights Quarry and the proposed western extension adapt to of site Pennine migration of is over 2km as the crow flies from the North Pennine climate impacting Moors SAC habitat and Moors SAC and SPA and 3km from the North Pennine change upon and SPA species Dales Meadows SAC, outside of the floodplain of the habitats / River Wear and unlikely to affect floodplain storage or species North Reduction in groundwater levels its operation is unlikely to increase ability to Pennine habitat extent climate change related risks to qualifying species. migrate / Dales adapt in Meadows Furthermore, the habitats recorded within Heights Quarry response to SAC and the proposed area are different from those found climate in the North Pennine Dales Meadows SAC meaning that change and the site is not imperative in terms of providing opportunity increasing for substitution of loss due to climate change. climate change In terms of the North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA associated qualifying species, nardus grassland has been recorded risk i.e. at Heights Quarry. However, this species is common Flooding / throughout the North Pennines, so it is considered that erosion the site is not imperative in terms of providing opportunity for substitution of loss due to climate change.

Broadwood Quarry, Air Quality Emissions North Changes to All vehicles enter and leave the quarry via the A689 and Frosterley from heavy Pennine overall condition, most travel in an easterly direction connecting to the (Carboniferous goods Moors SAC structure and A68 to reach markets. The Weardale Line is not utilised Limestone) vehicles on and SPA function of for minerals transportation. The only loaded vehicles roads habitat travelling West via the A689 to Stanhope and beyond Planning consent for within 200 will be those making local deliveries. No Natura 2000 mineral extraction at metres of sites are within 200 metres of the A689 or the A68 so it Broadwood Quarry Natura can therefore be concluded that there will be no indirect was granted under a 2000 sites. significant impact to qualifying species arising from 1947 Interim vehicle emissions from the working of Broadwood Development Order Potential Quarry. (IDO). In August for dust 2000 approval was emissions

186 Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options Screening of Mineral Sites D

Mineral Site / Impact Type Description Natura 2000 Condition / Initial assessment of significance Background Info Site Vulnerability Affected Affected (Green= screened out not likely to cause significant adverse effect

Orange = further screening and /or assessment work required)

granted for a new from In terms of dust emissions, MPS2 (108) advises that scheme of working minerals the greatest proportion of dust emitted from mineral and restoration extraction working largely deposit within 100 metres of sources. proposals. The and The entire IDO area is over 1km from the Southerly scheme involved processing designated area of the North Pennine Moors SAC/SPA working phases 1 sites designation and over 2km from North Easterly and 2 in the south designated area of the North Pennine Moors SAC/SPA. east corners of the No Natura 2000 sites exist within the prevailing wind IDO area in a direction. Further to this existing control measures westerly direction related to the current working of the site such as the over a period of 8 installation of a wheel wash on the site access road, years for each and sheeting of loads largely eliminate dust problems phase. Phase 3, in associated with haulage. A processing plant exists on the south of the site, site which is a source of dust by virtue of the crushing is to be worked and grading activities within the plant and from the southward and vehicular movements around it. The operation of the eastward over a plant is subject to a part B authorisation and dust period of 10 years. suppression measures are being met. The extraction of limestone in Phase 2 ceased in 2009 when the reserves Water Contamination North Maintenance of In terms of surface water, Phase 1 and 2 drain north were exhausted. Quality of surface Pennine water quality - eastwards across slopes toward the River Wear. Phase Since then and / or Moors SAC organics / silt 3 drains southwards to the Bollihope Burn. In the case production has been groundwater and SPA from physical of water migrating north eastwards, it passes into the based solely on required by disturbance processing plant area either draining into underlying imported stone from qualifying Northumbria rock, by various surface routes to the Wear, or into one Newlandside Quarry. features of Coast SPA Potential to of the two sumps from which it is pumped up to a lagoon Phase 3 is overlain Natura impact upon for settlement. From the lagoon it is fed to a consented by significant 2000 sites food availability discharge point into the Wear. The River Wear volumes of clay discharges at Wearmouth which is over 3km north of which given the Northumbria Coast SPA designation at Ryhope. Specific current economic impacts to Northumbria Coast SPA are unlikely due to climate renders the the distance of Natura 2000 areas from Wearmouth, the extraction of the diluting effect of the River in terms of distance from the stone inappropriate quarry to the coast and the control measures currently at this time. Phase 3 in place to prevent surface water pollution. remains unworked although working The February 2012 Site Monitoring Report shows that and restoration compliance with control measures to prevent surface conditions have been water pollution are being met. agreed. Bollihope Burn is a tributary of the River Wear and flows through the North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA to the South of Broadwood IDO area and discharges into the River Wear to the north east of the IDO area. Because of the length and steepness of the existing slope in Phase 3, there is a real possibility of sheet run off towards Bollihope Burn while topsoil, subsoil and overburden are being removed. As a result, the working area has been reduced and measures are in place to deal with surface run off and groundwater.

In terms of impacts to groundwater quality, the Broadwood quarry IDO area is underlain by a Secondary A aquifer related to the Tees Carboniferous Limestone and Millstone Grit groundwater body. The Environmental Statement for the IDO area states that soils in the area restrict penetration and also have the ability to attenuate diffuse pollutions. In addition, Phase 1 and 2 of the site have been worked above the groundwater table and agreed mineral extraction depth to 165m AOD in phase

108 Whilst it is recognised that MPS2 has been replaced by the NPPF, the 100 metre buffer is still considered relevant.

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 187 D Screening of Mineral Sites

Mineral Site / Impact Type Description Natura 2000 Condition / Initial assessment of significance Background Info Site Vulnerability Affected Affected (Green= screened out not likely to cause significant adverse effect

Orange = further screening and /or assessment work required)

3 should not encounter or interfere with groundwater as indicated within the Environmental Statement by the hydrogeological assessment.

Furthermore, measures to prevent surface water pollution help to protect groundwater resources.

Hydrology Changes to North Required water There is only one licenced water abstraction point within the supply Pennine levels not 2km of the site and up to 1.25 million cubic metres of of surface Moors SAC maintained water may be abstracted from the River Wear annually and / or and SPA for mineral washing purposes at the Processing Plant. groundwater Changes to the hydrology of the River Wear will not required by affect the Northumbria Coast SPA. qualifying features of Mineral extraction to 165m AOD in the remaining phase Natura 3 area of the IDO will not encounter or interfere with 2000 sites groundwater supply to the North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA.

Habitat or Operation North Reduction in Broadwood IDO area is not within a SAC or SPA, species of site Pennine extent of habitat therefore its working has not resulted in the direct loss destruction resulting in Moors SAC of SAC / SPA habitat. or land take and SPA fragmentation from Natura Phase 3 is the only remaining section of the IDO area 2000 sites to be worked. The ecological survey work undertaken or for the purposes of the Environmental Statement states functional that this area is largely composed of species poor semi land and improved grassland. No qualifying species of North other Pennine Moors SAC have been recorded. Similarly, operational there are no records of qualifying species such as factors that Golden Plover utilising this site and it is considered that could there is sufficient habitat within the North Pennines for cause this specie. damage to qualifying habitat / species

Habitat or Operation North Disturbance of Broadwood IDO area is not within a SAC or SPA but is species of sites Pennine bird species within 2km of the North Pennine Moors SPA. The disturbance resulting in Moors SPA Mapping Sensitive Areas for Birds Report indicates that disturbance the land related to and surrounding Broadwood IDO is to of Local Importance only and there are no records of qualifying qualifying species such as Golden Plover utilising this species site. It is considered that there is sufficient habitat within the North Pennines for qualifying species.

A noise impact assessment for each phase of working of Broadwood IDO area has been undertaken. This assessment considers the impact of noise on human receptors only and did not consider the impacts of noise on ecological receptors.

Broadwood Quarry falls into Natural England's category 4 buffer for bird species (800 metres) in terms of criteria for determining whether a consultation should be examined in detail by Natural England's Land Use Operation Team. As this site is outside of this buffer it is considered that there is unlikely to be any significant adverse effects to species by way of disturbance.

188 Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options Screening of Mineral Sites D

Mineral Site / Impact Type Description Natura 2000 Condition / Initial assessment of significance Background Info Site Vulnerability Affected Affected (Green= screened out not likely to cause significant adverse effect

Orange = further screening and /or assessment work required)

Ability to Operation North Movement / As Broadwood Quarry IDO area is over 1km as the crow adapt to of site Pennine migration of flies from the North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA, climate impacting Moors SAC habitat and outside of the floodplain of the River Wear and Bollihope change upon and SPA species Burn and unlikely to affect floodplain storage or habitats / groundwater levels its operation is unlikely to increase species Reduction in climate change related risks to qualifying species. ability to habitat extent migrate / Furthermore, the habitats recorded within Broadwood adapt in IDO area are different from those found in the North response to Pennine Moors SAC and SPA meaning that the site is climate not imperative in terms of providing opportunity for change and substitution of loss due to climate change. increasing climate change associated risk i.e. Flooding / erosion

Hulands, Bowes Air Quality Emissions North Changes to The main market area for Hulands can be considered (Carboniferous from heavy Pennine overall condition, as consisting of a 20 mile radius of the quarry and Limestone) goods Moors SAC structure and encompasses Barnard Castle, Newton Aycliffe, Crook, vehicles on and SPA function of Darlington and Richmond. The direct routes to these roads habitat towns utilising the strategic routes identified in Durham within 200 County Council's freight map will not pass within 200 metres of metres of North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA. Natura 2000 sites In terms of dust emissions a dust action plan is in place at the site and the location of the North Pennine Moors Potential SAC and SPA is unlikely to be impacted by the prevailing for dust wind direction from the site emissions from minerals extraction and processing sites

Water Contamination North Maintenance of The only water course that could be impacted by the Quality of surface Pennine water quality - working of Hulands Quarry is Thorsgill Beck which is and / or Moors SAC organics / silt not connected to Natura 2000 sites. Furthermore, groundwater and SPA from physical conditions require that water from the site is discharged required by disturbance into appropriate drainage channels prior to water courses qualifying outside the site. Hulands Quarry overlies the The Great features of Limestone Aquifer and groundwater monitoring Natura undertaken indicates no adverse impact on groundwater 2000 sites quality. All water samples are of similar good quality and are characteristically alkaline.

Hydrology Changes to North Required water Any abstraction of water at the quarry is non the supply Pennine levels not consumptive and will not change the water resource of surface Moors SAC maintained balance in the catchment. The existing quarry does not and / or and SPA actively dewater significant volumes of groundwater groundwater from the Great Limestone Aquifer and as the aquifer is required by overlain by thin drift groundwater recharge will occur qualifying through thin soils. Groundwater level monitoring is features of undertaken on a regular basis. Natura 2000 sites

Habitat or Operation North Reduction in Hulands quarry is not within a SAC or SPA and the site species of site Pennine extent of habitat is not considered to be functional land in terms of destruction resulting in Moors SAC supporting qualifying SPA species. Furthermore, the or land take and SPA restoration proposals provide an opportunity to create fragmentation from Natura a diverse range of habitats that will benefit a greater

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 189 D Screening of Mineral Sites

Mineral Site / Impact Type Description Natura 2000 Condition / Initial assessment of significance Background Info Site Vulnerability Affected Affected (Green= screened out not likely to cause significant adverse effect

Orange = further screening and /or assessment work required)

2000 sites range of species than is currently supported by the or quarry. (creation of an area of standing water and functional associated wetland habitat) land and other operational factors that could cause damage to qualifying habitat / species

Habitat or Operation North Disturbance of Ecological surveys show that the site is not considered species of sites Pennine bird species to be functional land in terms of supporting qualifying disturbance resulting in Moors SPA SPA species disturbance to qualifying species

Ability to Operation North Movement / As the site is over 4km as the crow flies from North adapt to of site Pennine migration of Pennine Moors SAC and SPA sites and not connected climate impacting Moors SAC habitat and by watercourses its operation is unlikely to increase change upon and SPA species climate change related risks to qualifying species. habitats / Furthermore, the habitats recorded within Hulands species Reduction in Quarry are different from those found in relevant SAC's ability to habitat extent and SPA's, meaning that there is no opportunity for migrate / substitution of loss due to climate change. Restoration adapt in plans may be of benefit to qualifying bird species which response to may enable greater migration if required from upland to climate more low lying areas. change and increasing climate change associated risk i.e. Flooding / erosion

Harrow Bank and Air Quality Emissions North Changes to In order to access market areas the County Durham Asby Bank Quarry, from heavy Pennine overall condition, Freight Map proposes HGV's utilise the A689 eastward Eastgate goods Moors SAC structure and bound, the A68 north and southward bound and the (Carboniferous vehicles on and SPA function of A688 eastward bound. The routes that HGV's travelling Limestone) roads habitat from Harrowbank and Ashby Bank Quarry to reach their within 200 market areas do not pass within 200 metres of Natura In May 2007 Tarmac metres of Impact to the 2000 sites and it can therefore be concluded that there Northern LTD Natura supporting are and will be no significant indirect impact to qualifying submitted an 2000 sites processes on species arising from vehicle emissions from working of Environmental which qualifying the quarry and wider IDO area. Statement and a Potential natural habitats revised schedule of for dust and qualifying In terms of dust emissions, MPS2 (109) advises that working and emissions species rely the greatest proportion of dust emitted from mineral restoration from working largely deposit within 100 metres of sources. conditions to the minerals North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA is directly adjacent Council, proposing to extraction to the IDO and could be affected by the prevailing wind work part of this site and direction. Dust, or particles, falling onto plants as a result in order to extract processing of mineral working can physically smother the leaves 3,750,000 tonnes of sites affecting photosynthesis, respiration, transpiration and carboniferous leaf temperature. North Pennine Moors SAC . limestone from 30 ha of the 76.4 ha permission area over

109 Whilst it is recognised that MPS2 has been replaced by the NPPF, the 100 metre buffer is still considered relevant.

190 Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options Screening of Mineral Sites D

Mineral Site / Impact Type Description Natura 2000 Condition / Initial assessment of significance Background Info Site Vulnerability Affected Affected (Green= screened out not likely to cause significant adverse effect

Orange = further screening and /or assessment work required)

a 15 year period. Water Contamination North Maintenance of In terms of impact to surface water this site is Further information Quality of surface Pennine water quality - downstream of North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA and has been requested and / or Moors SAC organics / silt not connected by watercourses. before the groundwater and SPA from physical submission can be required by disturbance However, the site is located close to the Rookhope Burn progressed. qualifying Northumbria (a tributary of the River Wear) which lies approximately features of Coast SPA Impact to the 370 metres to the west of the site, flowing in a north to Natura supporting south direction.. 2000 sites processes on which qualifying Potential for water quality effects which could affect natural habitats River Wear, discharging at Wearmouth near Northumbria and qualifying SPA. However, specific impacts are unlikely due to species rely distances involved from potential pollution receptor point to to Wearmouth and distance of Northumbria Coast Potential to SPA / Ramsar from Wearmouth. (1km and 3km). impact upon food availability Furthermore, the site is separated hydrologically from the Rookhope Burn by a significant difference in elevation and is therefore unlikely to contaminate the tributary or the River Wear.

In terms of impact to groundwater, there are a number of springs nearby and the North Pennine Moors SAC / SPA is water dependant and sensitive to changes to water quality. Potential impacts to groundwater quality from proposed working and working of the entirety of the IDO area can not be screened out at this stage.

Hydrology Changes to North Required water The proposed workings are above the level of the the supply Pennine levels not watertable and do not require dewatering. Limestone of surface Moors SAC maintained resources will not require dewatering prior to processing. and / or and SPA groundwater Potential impacts on the watertable will therefore be required by limited. The proposed development is not anticipated to qualifying have any significant impact upon nearby consented features of groundwater abstractions. However, impact to Natura groundwater resources and levels for the entire IDO 2000 sites area if worked have not been established.

Habitat or Operation North Reduction in Harrowbank and Ashby Bank quarry IDO is not within species of site Pennine extent of habitat a SAC or SPA but is immediately adjacent and operation destruction resulting in Moors SAC and knock on may directly affect the natural processes that support or land take and SPA impact on SPA qualifying species of the SAC and indirectly the SPA in fragmentation from Natura populations terms of impacts to groundwater and air quality. 2000 sites Furthermore, the diversion of rights of way as a result or of working may increase recreational impacts to North functional Pennine Moors SAC and SPA if diverted into the site. land and other operational factors that could cause damage to qualifying habitat / species

Habitat or Operation North Disturbance of Harrowbank and Ashby Bank quarry IDO may be species of sites Pennine bird species considered as functional land. The Mapping Sensitive disturbance resulting in Moors SPA Areas for Birds Report indicates that the land related to disturbance and surrounding Harrowbank and Ashby bank quarry to IDO is of International Importance and may support qualifying qualifying species associated with the North Pennine species Moors SPA. Ecological surveys undertaken in support

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 191 D Screening of Mineral Sites

Mineral Site / Impact Type Description Natura 2000 Condition / Initial assessment of significance Background Info Site Vulnerability Affected Affected (Green= screened out not likely to cause significant adverse effect

Orange = further screening and /or assessment work required)

of the 2007 Environmental Statement do not report the presence of such species. However, the surveys were undertaken 5 years ago and did not relate to the entirety of the IDO area so would possibly need to be refreshed. Furthermore, disturbance to breeding species within the adjacent North Pennine Moors SPA as a result of blasting and vibration levels has not been considered, particularly during the breeding season.

Harrowbank and Ashby Bank Quarry falls into Natural England's category 4 buffer for bird species (800 metres) in terms of criteria for determining whether a consultation should be examined in detail by Natural England's Land Use Operation Team. The site is within this buffer.

Furthermore, the diversion of rights of way as a result of working may increase recreational impacts to North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA if diverted into the site.

Ability to Operation North Movement / Potential for operation of the site beyond phase 4B adapt to of site Pennine migration of (within rest of IDO area) to impact on groundwater levels climate impacting Moors SAC habitat and which may act in combination with climate change risks change upon and SPA species to North Pennine Moors SAC / SPA in terms of habitats / availability of water levels to support qualifying habitat. species Reduction in No specific impact identified prior to working of phase ability to habitat extent 4B. migrate / adapt in response to climate change and increasing climate change associated risk i.e. Flooding / erosion

Kilmond Wood, Air Quality Emissions North Changes to The main market area for Kilmond Wood if working Bowes from heavy Pennine overall condition, re-commenced is likely to encompass the towns of (Carboniferous goods Moors SAC structure and Barnard Castle, Newton Aycliffe, Crook, Darlington and Limestone) vehicles on and SPA function of Richmond. The direct routes to these towns utilising the roads habitat strategic routes identified in Durham County Council's Inactive site within 200 freight map will not pass within 200 metres of North metres of Impact to the Pennine Moors SAC and SPA. Natura supporting 2000 sites processes on In terms of dust emissions, MPS2 (110) advises that which qualifying the greatest proportion of dust emitted from mineral Potential natural habitats working largely deposit within 100 metres of sources. for dust and qualifying North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA is the closets emissions species rely Natura 2000 site to Kilmond Wood quarry and is over from 3km from the site and not within the prevailing wind minerals direction. extraction and processing sites

110 Whilst it is recognised that MPS2 has been replaced by the NPPF, the 100 metre buffer is still considered relevant.

192 Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options Screening of Mineral Sites D

Mineral Site / Impact Type Description Natura 2000 Condition / Initial assessment of significance Background Info Site Vulnerability Affected Affected (Green= screened out not likely to cause significant adverse effect

Orange = further screening and /or assessment work required)

Water Contamination North Maintenance of No surface water courses cross or are within the vicinity Quality of surface Pennine water quality - of Kilmond Wood Quarry so no specific impact to Natura and / or Moors SAC organics / silt 2000 sites identified. groundwater and SPA from physical required by disturbance Kilmond Quarry overlies the The Great Limestone qualifying Aquifer. In considering discharges to groundwater, features of Impact to the Natural England have established a buffer zone of 500 Natura supporting metres from SSSI's to determine whether a proposal 2000 sites processes on should be examined in detail by Natural England's Land which qualifying Use Operation Team. As this site is over 3km from North natural habitats Pennine Moors SAC and SPA no significant effects are and qualifying considered likely. species rely

Hydrology Changes to North Required water The site falls outside of Natural England's 3km buffer the supply Pennine levels not from SSSI's (in this case component SSSI's of Natura of surface Moors SAC maintained 2000 sites) set to determine whether quarry proposals and / or and SPA in terms of impact of change in water levels on SSSI's groundwater Impact to the should be examined in more detail by Natural England's required by supporting Land Use Operations Team. As a result no significant qualifying processes on effects to groundwater levels supporting North Pennine features of which qualifying Moors SAC and SPA are considered likely in the event Natura natural habitats that working re-commenced. 2000 sites and qualifying species rely

Habitat or Operation North Reduction in Kilmond Wood quarry is not within a SAC or SPA and species of site Pennine extent of habitat the site is not considered to be functional land in terms destruction resulting in Moors SAC and knock on of supporting qualifying SPA species. The site is also or land take and SPA impact on SPA unlikely to impact upon supporting process by way of fragmentation from Natura populations air quality, water quality and levels. 2000 sites or functional land and other operational factors that could cause damage to qualifying habitat / species

Habitat or Operation North Disturbance of As stated above, Kilmond Wood Quarry and surrounding species of sites Pennine bird species land is not considered to be functional land in terms of disturbance resulting in Moors SPA supporting qualifying species linked to North Pennine disturbance Moors SPA. The Mapping Sensitive Areas for Birds to Report indicates that the land related to and surrounding qualifying Kilmond Wood Quarry is of District Importance only. species North Pennine Moors SPA falls into Natural England's category 4 buffer for bird species (800 metres) in terms of criteria for determining whether a consultation should be examined in detail by Natural England's Land Use Operation Team due to sensitivities of qualifying bird species. As Kilmond Wood Quarry is over 3km from North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA it is not considered that significant effects are likely in terms of disturbance as a result of blasting and/or vibration.

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 193 D Screening of Mineral Sites

Mineral Site / Impact Type Description Natura 2000 Condition / Initial assessment of significance Background Info Site Vulnerability Affected Affected (Green= screened out not likely to cause significant adverse effect

Orange = further screening and /or assessment work required)

Ability to Operation North Movement / As the quarry is over 3km as the crow flies from North adapt to of site Pennine migration of Pennine Moors SAC and SPA sites, not connected by climate impacting Moors SAC habitat and surface watercourses and unlikely to impact significantly change upon and SPA species on groundwater levels its operation is unlikely to increase habitats / climate change related risks to qualifying species. species Reduction in ability to habitat extent Furthermore, the habitat type of land surrounding migrate / Kilmond Wood Quarry (predominantly agricultural with adapt in some woodland) is different from habitat classifications response to of relevant SAC's and SPA's, meaning that there is no climate opportunity for substitution of loss due to climate change. change and increasing climate change associated risk i.e. Flooding / erosion

Bollihope Sites, Air Quality Emissions North Changes to If proposals were to be submitted regarding the Frosterley from heavy Pennine overall condition, re-commencement of working of these dormant sites (Carboniferous goods Moors SAC structure and over the County Durham Plan Period it is unlikely that Limestone) vehicles on and SPA function of adverse effects to air quality would be avoided as the roads habitat quarry sites are located within North Pennine Moors Dormant Sites within 200 SAC and SPA. Adverse effects could be derived as a metres of Impact to the result of vehicle emissions accessing and leaving the Natura supporting site and the direct impact of blasting at the site and 2000 sites processes on resulting dust emissions falling onto plants that can which qualifying physically smother the leaves affecting photosynthesis, Potential natural habitats respiration, transpiration and leaf temperature. for dust and qualifying emissions species rely from minerals extraction and processing sites

Water Contamination North Maintenance of If proposals were to be submitted regarding the Quality of surface Pennine water quality - re-commencement of working of these dormant sites and / or Moors SAC organics / silt over the County Durham Plan Period it is unlikely that groundwater and SPA from physical adverse effects to water quality would be completely required by disturbance avoided. Re-working of these sites may directly impact qualifying on the Bollihope Burn which transects the North Pennine features of Impact to the Moors SAC and SPA and any springs which may be Natura supporting within the area. Further potential for the re-working of 2000 sites processes on these sites to impact upon groundwater quality which which qualifying the North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA and component natural habitats SSSI (Bollihope, Pikeston, Eggleston and Woodland and qualifying Meadows) which would be sensitive to change. species rely

Hydrology Changes to North Required water If proposals were to be submitted regarding the the supply Pennine levels not re-commencement of working of these dormant sites of surface Moors SAC maintained over the County Durham Plan it is likely that impacts to and / or and SPA water levels would need to be considered in detail due groundwater Impact to the to water dependant nature of the SAC and SPA and required by supporting component SSSI (Bollihope, Pikeston, Eggleston and qualifying processes on Woodland Meadows). features of which qualifying Natura natural habitats Natural England have identified a 3km buffer for 2000 sites and qualifying determining whether quarry proposals would need to species rely be examined in detail by Natural England's Land Use

194 Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options Screening of Mineral Sites D

Mineral Site / Impact Type Description Natura 2000 Condition / Initial assessment of significance Background Info Site Vulnerability Affected Affected (Green= screened out not likely to cause significant adverse effect

Orange = further screening and /or assessment work required)

Operation Team in terms of impact of change in water levels on SSSI's. The Bollihope sites are all within this buffer.

Habitat or Operation North Reduction in Re-commencement of working of all the Bollihope sites species of site Pennine extent of habitat would result in direct land take from the North Pennine destruction resulting in Moors SAC and knock on Moors SAC and SPA. or land take and SPA impact on SPA fragmentation from Natura populations 2000 sites or functional land and other operational factors that could cause damage to qualifying habitat / species

Habitat or Operation North Disturbance of Re-commencement of working of all the Bollihope sites species of sites Pennine bird species would result in direct land take from the North Pennine disturbance resulting in Moors SPA Moors SAC and SPA and working is likely to cause disturbance disturbance to qualifying SPA species, particularly if to working takes place within the breeding season. qualifying species

Ability to Operation North Movement / Potential for these sites to affect flood plain storage adapt to of site Pennine migration of capabilities of the Bollihope Burn and result in climate impacting Moors SAC habitat and in-combination effects with climate change effects change upon and SPA species (extreme weather events) to water levels. As habitats / re-commencement of working of the sites are likely to species Reduction in result in the direct loss of land from the North Pennine ability to habitat extent Moors SAC and SPA proposals would not contribute migrate / towards building capacity for qualifying habitat and adapt in species to adapt to climate change. response to climate change and increasing climate change associated risk i.e. Flooding / erosion

Carriers Hill, Air Quality Emissions North Changes to If proposals to re-commence working at this site come Killhope from heavy Pennine overall condition, forward over the County Durham Plan Period they are (Carboniferous goods Moors SAC structure and unlikely to lead to significant adverse effects to the Limestone) vehicles on and SPA function of integrity of the North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA by roads habitat way of deterioration of air quality and deposition. Dormant Site within 200 metres of Impact to the The roads indicated by the County Durham Freight Map Natura supporting that vehicles leaving the site would be required to use 2000 sites processes on do not pass within 200 metres of Natura 2000 sites so which qualifying indirect impact to sites via vehicle emissions are unlikely Potential natural habitats to occur. for dust and qualifying emissions species rely Furthermore, in terms of dust emissions, MPS2(111) from advises that the greatest proportion of dust emitted from minerals mineral working largely deposit within 100 metres of extraction 111 Whilst it is recognised that MPS2 has been replaced by the NPPF, the 100 metre buffer is still considered relevant.

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 195 D Screening of Mineral Sites

Mineral Site / Impact Type Description Natura 2000 Condition / Initial assessment of significance Background Info Site Vulnerability Affected Affected (Green= screened out not likely to cause significant adverse effect

Orange = further screening and /or assessment work required)

and sources. North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA is the processing closest Natura 2000 site to Carriers Hill Quarry and is sites over 700 metres north of the site

Water Contamination North Maintenance of If proposals to re-commence working of Carriers Hill Quality of surface Pennine water quality - come forward over the County Durham Plan Period they and / or Moors SAC organics / silt are unlikely to lead to significant adverse effects to the groundwater and SPA from physical integrity of the North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA by required by disturbance way of deterioration of surface water quality as the site qualifying Northumbria does not appear to be connect by watercourses. features of Coast SPA Impact to the However, the site may impact on groundwater quality Natura supporting which the component SSSI (Allendale Moors) has been 2000 sites processes on identified as sensitive to change. which qualifying natural habitats Proposals may directly impact on the surface water and qualifying quality of Killopelaw Sike and Betty Cleugh which run species rely into Killhope Burn and is a tributary of the River Wear.

Potential to Potential for water quality effects which could affect impact on food River Wear as a result, discharging at Wearmouth near availability Northumbria SPA. However, specific impacts are unlikely due to distances involved from potential pollution receptor point to to Wearmouth and distance of Northumbria Coast SPA / Ramsar from Wearmouth. (1km and 3km).

Hydrology Changes to North Required water If proposals were to be submitted regarding the the supply Pennine levels not re-commencement of works of this dormant site come of surface Moors SAC maintained forward over the County Durham Plan period it is likely and / or and SPA that impacts to water levels would need to be considered groundwater Impact to the in detail due to water dependant nature of the SAC and required by supporting SPA and component SSSI (Allendale Moors). qualifying processes on features of which qualifying Natural England have identified a 3km buffer for Natura natural habitats determining whether quarry proposals would need to 2000 sites and qualifying be examined in detail by Natural England's Land Use species rely Operation Team in terms of impact of change in water levels on SSSI's. The Carriers Hill site and any proposals to extend the site would fall within this buffer.

Habitat or Operation North Reduction in Although this site is not within a SAC or SPA, proposals species of site Pennine extent of habitat to re-commence working of the site may adversely affect destruction resulting in Moors SAC and knock on groundwater quality and levels which support the health or land take and SPA impact on SPA and function of the habitat of the SAC and thereby SPA fragmentation from Natura populations populations. 2000 sites or The Mapping Sensitive Areas for Birds Report indicates functional that the land surrounding Carriers Hill quarry is of land and National Importance and therefore, may support other qualifying species linked to North Pennine Moors SPA operational and may be considered as functional land. factors that could On closer analysis of the database linked to this report cause the site has been identified as important for several damage to breeding wader species such as Curlew, Lapwing, qualifying Redshank and Snipe. Curlew is a qualifying species of habitat / the North Pennine Moors SPA but it is considered that species there is sufficient habitat within the North Pennines for this species.

196 Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options Screening of Mineral Sites D

Mineral Site / Impact Type Description Natura 2000 Condition / Initial assessment of significance Background Info Site Vulnerability Affected Affected (Green= screened out not likely to cause significant adverse effect

Orange = further screening and /or assessment work required)

Habitat or Operation North Disturbance of It is also considered possible, that the re-commencement species of sites Pennine bird species of working of Carriers Hill would cause disturbance to disturbance resulting in Moors SPA breeding species within the SPA designation. Carriers disturbance Hill falls into Natural England's category 4 buffer for bird to species (800 metres) in terms of criteria for determining qualifying whether a proposal should be examined in detail by species Natural England's Land Use Operation Team due to sensitivities of qualifying bird species. Carriers Hill Quarry is within this buffer zone.

Ability to Operation North Movement / Potential adverse effects as a result of in-combination adapt to of site Pennine migration of effects of re-commencement of working of site on climate impacting Moors SAC habitat and groundwater levels and extreme weather events as a change upon and SPA species result of climate change (i.e. drought conditions) and habitats / resulting reduction in habitat extent. species Reduction in ability to habitat extent migrate / adapt in response to climate change and increasing climate change associated risk i.e. Flooding / erosion

Greenfield, Air Quality Emissions North Changes to If proposals to re-commence working at this site come Lanehead from heavy Pennine overall condition, forward over the County Durham Plan Period they are (Carboniferous goods Moors SAC structure and unlikely to lead to significant adverse effects to the Limestone) vehicles on and SPA function of integrity of the North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA by roads habitat way of deterioration of air quality and deposition. Dormant Site within 200 metres of Impact to the The roads indicated by the County Durham Freight Map Natura supporting that vehicles leaving the site would be required to use 2000 sites processes on do not pass within 200 metres of Natura 2000 sites so which qualifying indirect impact to sites via vehicle emissions are unlikely Potential natural habitats to occur. for dust and qualifying emissions species rely Furthermore, in terms of dust emissions, MPS2 (112) from advises that the greatest proportion of dust emitted from minerals mineral working largely deposit within 100 metres of extraction sources. North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA is the and closest Natura 2000 site to Greenfield Quarry and is processing over 900 metres north of the site sites

Water Contamination North Maintenance of If proposals to re-commence working at Greenfield Quality of surface Pennine water quality - Quarry come forward over the County Durham Plan and / or Moors SAC organics / silt Period they are unlikely to lead to significant adverse groundwater and SPA from physical effects to the integrity of the North Pennine Moors SAC required by disturbance and SPA by way of deterioration of surface water quality qualifying Northumbria as the site does not appear to be connect by features of Coast SPA Impact to the watercourses. However, the site may impact on Natura supporting groundwater quality which the component SSSI 2000 sites processes on (Allendale Moors) has been identified as sensitive to which qualifying change. natural habitats and qualifying Proposals may directly impact on the surface water species rely quality of Heathery Cleugh which runs into Killhope Burn and is a tributary of the River Wear.

112 Whilst it is recognised that MPS2 has been replaced by the NPPF, the 100 metre buffer is still considered relevant.

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 197 D Screening of Mineral Sites

Mineral Site / Impact Type Description Natura 2000 Condition / Initial assessment of significance Background Info Site Vulnerability Affected Affected (Green= screened out not likely to cause significant adverse effect

Orange = further screening and /or assessment work required)

Potential to Potential for water quality effects which could affect impact on food River Wear as a result, discharging at Wearmouth near availability Northumbria SPA. However, specific impacts are unlikely due to distances involved from potential pollution receptor point to to Wearmouth and distance of Northumbria Coast SPA / Ramsar from Wearmouth. (1km and 3km).

Hydrology Changes to North Required water If proposals were to be submitted regarding the the supply Pennine levels not re-commencement of working of this dormant site over of surface Moors SAC maintained the County Durham Plan it is likely that impacts to water and / or and SPA levels would need to be considered in detail due to water groundwater Impact to the dependant nature of the SAC and SPA and component required by supporting SSSI (Allendale Moors). qualifying processes on features of which qualifying Natural England have identified a 3km buffer for Natura natural habitats determining whether quarry proposals would need to 2000 sites and qualifying be examined in detail by Natural England's Land Use species rely Operation Team in terms of impact of change in water levels on SSSI's. The Greenfield Quarry and any proposals to extend the site would fall within this buffer.

Habitat or Operation North Reduction in Although this site is not within a SAC or SPA, proposals species of site Pennine extent of habitat to re-commence working at the site may adversely affect destruction resulting in Moors SAC and knock on groundwater quality and levels which support the health or land take and SPA impact on SPA and function of the habitat of the SAC and thereby SPA fragmentation from Natura populations populations. 2000 sites or The Mapping Sensitive Areas for Birds Report indicates functional that the land surrounding Greenfield quarry is of National land and Importance and therefore, may support qualifying other species linked to North Pennine Moors SPA and may operational be considered as functional land. factors that could On closer analysis of the database linked to this report cause the site has been identified as important for several damage to breeding wader species such as Curlew, Lapwing, qualifying Redshank and Snipe. Curlew is a qualifying species of habitat / the North Pennine Moors SPA but it is considered that species there is sufficient habitat within the North Pennines for this species.

Habitat or Operation North Disturbance of It is considered unlikely, that the re-commencement of species of sites Pennine bird species Greenfield Quarry would cause disturbance to breeding disturbance resulting in Moors SPA species within the SPA designation. Greenfield Quarry disturbance falls into Natural England's category 4 buffer for bird to species (800 metres) in terms of criteria for determining qualifying whether a proposal should be examined in detail by species Natural England's Land Use Operation Team due to sensitivities of qualifying bird species. As this site is outside of this buffer it is considered that there is unlikely to be any significant adverse effects to species by way of disturbance.

Ability to Operation North Movement / Potential adverse effects as a result of in-combination adapt to of site Pennine migration of effects of re-commencement of site on groundwater climate impacting Moors SAC habitat and levels and extreme weather events as a result of climate change upon and SPA species change (i.e. drought conditions) and resulting reduction habitats / in habitat extent. species Reduction in ability to habitat extent migrate / adapt in response to

198 Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options Screening of Mineral Sites D

Mineral Site / Impact Type Description Natura 2000 Condition / Initial assessment of significance Background Info Site Vulnerability Affected Affected (Green= screened out not likely to cause significant adverse effect

Orange = further screening and /or assessment work required)

climate change and increasing climate change associated risk i.e. Flooding / erosion

Parson Byers, Air Quality Emissions North Changes to If proposals to re-commence work at this site come Stanhope from heavy Pennine overall condition, forward over the County Durham Plan Period they are (Carboniferous goods Moors SAC structure and unlikely to lead to significant adverse effects to the Limestone) vehicles on and SPA function of integrity of the North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA by roads habitat way of deterioration of air quality and deposition. Dormant Site within 200 metres of Impact to the The roads indicated by the County Durham Freight Map Natura supporting that vehicles leaving the site would be required to use 2000 sites processes on do not pass within 200 metres of Natura 2000 sites so which qualifying indirect impact to sites via vehicle emissions are unlikely Potential natural habitats to occur. for dust and qualifying emissions species rely Furthermore, in terms of dust emissions, MPS2 (113) from advises that the greatest proportion of dust emitted from minerals mineral working largely deposit within 100 metres of extraction sources. North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA is the and closest Natura 2000 site to Parson Byers Quarry and is processing over 200 metres south of the site sites

Water Contamination North Maintenance of If proposals to re-commence work at Parson Byers Quality of surface Pennine water quality - Quarry come forward over the County Durham Plan and / or Moors SAC organics / silt Period they are unlikely to lead to significant adverse groundwater and SPA from physical effects to the integrity of the North Pennine Moors SAC required by disturbance and SPA by way of deterioration of surface water quality qualifying as the site is downstream of the Cow Burn and Dry Burn. features of Impact to the However, the site may impact on groundwater quality Natura supporting which the component SSSI (Bollihope, Pikeston, 2000 sites processes on Eggleston and Woodland Meadows) which would be which qualifying sensitive to change. natural habitats and qualifying species rely

Hydrology Changes to North Required water If proposals were to be submitted regarding the the supply Pennine levels not re-commencement of work at this dormant site over the of surface Moors SAC maintained County Durham Plan it is likely that impacts to water and / or and SPA levels would need to be considered in detail due to the groundwater Impact to the water dependant nature of the SAC and SPA and required by supporting component SSSI (Bollihope, Pikeston, Eggleston and qualifying processes on Woodland Meadows). features of which qualifying Natura natural habitats Natural England have identified a 3km buffer for 2000 sites and qualifying determining whether quarry proposals would need to species rely be examined in detail by Natural England's Land Use Operation Team in terms of impact of change in water levels on SSSI's. Parson Byers Quarry is within this buffer.

113 Whilst it is recognised that MPS2 has been replaced by the NPPF, the 100 metre buffer is still considered relevant.

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 199 D Screening of Mineral Sites

Mineral Site / Impact Type Description Natura 2000 Condition / Initial assessment of significance Background Info Site Vulnerability Affected Affected (Green= screened out not likely to cause significant adverse effect

Orange = further screening and /or assessment work required)

Habitat or Operation North Reduction in Although this site is not within a SAC or SPA, proposals species of site Pennine extent of habitat to re-commence work at the site may adversely affect destruction resulting in Moors SAC and knock on groundwater quality and levels which support the health or land take and SPA impact on SPA and function of the habitat of the SAC and thereby SPA fragmentation from Natura populations populations. 2000 sites or The Mapping Sensitive Areas for Birds Report indicates functional that the land surrounding Parson Byers Quarry is of land and International Importance and therefore, may support other qualifying species linked to North Pennine Moors SPA operational and may be considered as functional land. factors that could On closer analysis of the database linked to this report cause the site has been identified as important for several damage to breeding wader species such as Curlew, Lapwing, qualifying Redshank and Snipe. Curlew is a qualifying species of habitat / the North Pennine Moors SPA but it is considered that species there is sufficient habitat within the North Pennines for this species.

Habitat or Operation North Disturbance of It is considered possible, that the re-commencement of species of sites Pennine bird species works at Parson Byers Quarry would cause disturbance disturbance resulting in Moors SPA to breeding species within the SPA designation. Parson disturbance Byers falls into Natural England's category 4 buffer for to bird species (800 metres) in terms of criteria for qualifying determining whether a proposal should be examined in species detail by Natural England's Land Use Operation Team due to sensitivities of qualifying bird species. Parson Byers Quarry is within this buffer zone.

Ability to Operation North Movement / Potential adverse effects as a result of in-combination adapt to of site Pennine migration of effects of re-commencement of work at site on climate impacting Moors SAC habitat and groundwater levels and extreme weather events as a change upon and SPA species result of climate change (i.e. drought conditions) and habitats / resulting reduction in habitat extent. species Reduction in ability to habitat extent migrate / adapt in response to climate change and increasing climate change associated risk i.e. Flooding / erosion

Puddingthorn Air Quality Emissions North Changes to If proposals to re-commence work at this site come Quarry, Lanehead from heavy Pennine overall condition, forward over the County Durham Plan Period they are (Carboniferous goods Moors SAC structure and unlikely to lead to significant adverse effects to the Limestone) vehicles on and SPA function of integrity of the North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA by roads habitat way of deterioration of air quality and deposition. Dormant Site within 200 metres of Impact to the The roads indicated by the County Durham Freight Map Natura supporting that vehicles leaving the site would be required to use 2000 sites processes on do not pass within 200 metres of Natura 2000 sites so which qualifying indirect impact to sites via vehicle emissions are unlikely Potential natural habitats to occur. for dust and qualifying emissions species rely Furthermore, in terms of dust emissions, MPS2 (114) from advises that the greatest proportion of dust emitted from minerals mineral working largely deposit within 100 metres of extraction

200 Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options Screening of Mineral Sites D

Mineral Site / Impact Type Description Natura 2000 Condition / Initial assessment of significance Background Info Site Vulnerability Affected Affected (Green= screened out not likely to cause significant adverse effect

Orange = further screening and /or assessment work required)

and sources. North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA is the processing closest Natura 2000 site to Puddingthorn Quarry and is sites over 1.4km north of the site.

Water Contamination North Maintenance of If proposals to re-commence work at Puddingthorn Quality of surface Pennine water quality - Quarry come forward over the County Durham Plan and / or Moors SAC organics / silt Period they are unlikely to lead to significant adverse groundwater and SPA from physical effects to the integrity of the North Pennine Moors SAC required by disturbance and SPA by way of deterioration of surface water quality qualifying as the site does not appear to be connect by features of Impact to the watercourses. However, the site may impact on Natura supporting groundwater quality which the component SSSI 2000 sites processes on (Allendale Moors) has been identified as sensitive to which qualifying change. natural habitats and qualifying species rely

Hydrology Changes to North Required water If proposals were to be submitted to re-commence the supply Pennine levels not working at this dormant site over the County Durham of surface Moors SAC maintained Plan it is likely that impacts to water levels would need and / or and SPA to be considered in detail due to water dependant nature groundwater Impact to the of the SAC and SPA and component SSSI (Allendale required by supporting Moors). qualifying processes on features of which qualifying Natural England have identified a 3km buffer for Natura natural habitats determining whether quarry proposals would need to 2000 sites and qualifying be examined in detail by Natural England's Land Use species rely Operation Team in terms of impact of change in water levels on SSSI's. The Puddingthorn Quarry and any proposals to extend the site would fall within this buffer.

Habitat or Operation North Reduction in Although this site is not within a SAC or SPA, proposals species of site Pennine extent of habitat to re-commence work at the site may adversely affect destruction resulting in Moors SAC and knock on groundwater quality and levels which support the health or land take and SPA impact on SPA and function of the habitat of the SAC and thereby SPA fragmentation from Natura populations populations. 2000 sites or The Mapping Sensitive Areas for Birds Report indicates functional that the land surrounding Puddingthorn quarry is of land and National Importance and therefore, may support other qualifying species linked to North Pennine Moors SPA operational and may be considered as functional land. factors that could On closer analysis of the database linked to this report cause the site has been identified as important for several damage to breeding wader species such as Curlew, Lapwing, qualifying Redshank and Snipe. Curlew is a qualifying species of habitat / the North Pennine Moors SPA but it is considered that species there is sufficient habitat within the North Pennines for this species.

Habitat or Operation North Disturbance of It is considered unlikely, that the re-commencement of species of sites Pennine bird species Puddingthorn Quarry would cause disturbance to disturbance resulting in Moors SPA breeding species within the SPA designation. disturbance Puddingthorn Quarry falls into Natural England's to category 4 buffer for bird species (800 metres) in terms qualifying of criteria for determining whether a proposal should be species examined in detail by Natural England's Land Use Operation Team due to sensitivities of qualifying bird

114 Whilst it is recognised that MPS2 has been replaced by the NPPF, the 100 metre buffer is still considered relevant.

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 201 D Screening of Mineral Sites

Mineral Site / Impact Type Description Natura 2000 Condition / Initial assessment of significance Background Info Site Vulnerability Affected Affected (Green= screened out not likely to cause significant adverse effect

Orange = further screening and /or assessment work required)

species. As this site is outside of this buffer it is considered that there is unlikely to be any significant adverse effects to species by way of disturbance.

Ability to Operation North Movement / Potential adverse effects as a result of in-combination adapt to of site Pennine migration of effects of re-commencement of site on groundwater climate impacting Moors SAC habitat and levels and extreme weather events as a result of climate change upon and SPA species change (i.e. drought conditions) and resulting reduction habitats / in habitat extent. species Reduction in ability to habitat extent migrate / adapt in response to climate change and increasing climate change associated risk i.e. Flooding / erosion

Scutterhill, Air Quality Emissions North Changes to If proposals to re-commence work at this site come Westgate from heavy Pennine overall condition, forward over the County Durham Plan Period they are (Carboniferous goods Moors SAC structure and unlikely to lead to significant adverse effects to the Limestone) vehicles on and SPA function of integrity of the North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA by roads habitat way of deterioration of air quality and deposition. Dormant Site within 200 metres of Impact to the The roads indicated by the County Durham Freight Map Natura supporting that vehicles leaving the site would be required to use 2000 sites processes on do not pass within 200 metres of Natura 2000 sites so which qualifying indirect impact to sites via vehicle emissions are unlikely Potential natural habitats to occur. for dust and qualifying emissions species rely Furthermore, in terms of dust emissions, MPS2 (115) from advises that the greatest proportion of dust emitted from minerals mineral working largely deposit within 100 metres of extraction sources. North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA is the and closest Natura 2000 site to Scutterhill Quarry and is over processing 4.6km north east of the site. sites

Water Contamination North Maintenance of If proposals to re-commnece work at Scutterhill Quarry Quality of surface Pennine water quality - come forward over the County Durham Plan Period they and / or Moors SAC organics / silt are unlikely to lead to significant adverse effects to the groundwater and SPA from physical integrity of the North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA by required by disturbance way of deterioration of surface water quality as the site qualifying does not appear to be connect by watercourses. features of Impact to the Natura supporting However, the site may impact on groundwater quality 2000 sites processes on which the component SSSI (Muggleswick, Stanhope which qualifying and Edmundbyers Commons and Blanchland Moors) natural habitats has been identified as sensitive to change. and qualifying species rely Natural England have however, set a buffer zone of 500 metres from SSSI's in relation to determining whether proposals should be examined in detail by Natural England's Land Use Operation Team as a result of discharges to groundwater. As this site is outside of this buffer it is considered that there is unlikely to be any

115 Whilst it is recognised that MPS2 has been replaced by the NPPF, the 100 metre buffer is still considered relevant.

202 Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options Screening of Mineral Sites D

Mineral Site / Impact Type Description Natura 2000 Condition / Initial assessment of significance Background Info Site Vulnerability Affected Affected (Green= screened out not likely to cause significant adverse effect

Orange = further screening and /or assessment work required)

significant adverse effects to the integrity of the SAC/SPA by means of deterioration in groundwater quality.

Hydrology Changes to North Required water If proposals were to be submitted regarding the the supply Pennine levels not re-commencement of this dormant site over the County of surface Moors SAC maintained Durham Plan it is likely that impacts to water levels and / or and SPA would need to be considered in detail due to water groundwater Impact to the dependant nature of the SAC and SPA and component required by supporting SSSI (Muggleswick, Stanhope and Edmundbyers qualifying processes on Commons and Blanchland Moors). features of which qualifying Natura natural habitats However, Natural England have identified a 3km buffer 2000 sites and qualifying for determining whether quarry proposals would need species rely to be examined in detail by Natural England's Land Use Operation Team in terms of impact of change in water levels on SSSI's. As Scutterhill Quarry is outside of this buffer it is considered that there is unlikely to be any significant adverse effects to the integrity of the SAC/SPA by means of change to ground water levels.

Habitat or Operation North Reduction in Although this site is not within a SAC or SPA, species of site Pennine extent of habitat re-commencement of work at the site may also result destruction resulting in Moors SAC and knock on in the potential loss of functional land. or land take and SPA impact on SPA fragmentation from Natura populations The Mapping Sensitive Areas for Birds Report indicates 2000 sites that the land surrounding Scutterhill quarry is of National or Importance and therefore, may support qualifying functional species linked to North Pennine Moors SPA and may land and be considered as functional land. other operational However, on closer analysis of the database linked to factors that this report the site has been identified as important for could several breeding wader species such as Curlew, cause Lapwing, Redshank and Snipe. Curlew is a qualifying damage to species of the North Pennine Moors SPA but it is qualifying considered that there is sufficient habitat within the North habitat / Pennines for this species. species

Habitat or Operation North Disturbance of It is considered unlikely, that the re-commencement of species of sites Pennine bird species Scutterhill Quarry would cause disturbance to breeding disturbance resulting in Moors SPA species within the SPA designation. Scutterhill Quarry disturbance falls into Natural England's category 4 buffer for bird to species (800 metres) in terms of criteria for determining qualifying whether a proposal should be examined in detail by species Natural England's Land Use Operation Team due to sensitivities of qualifying bird species. As this site is outside of this buffer it is considered that there is unlikely to be any significant adverse effects to species by way of disturbance.

Ability to Operation North Movement / Unlikely to increase severity of climate change risks as adapt to of site Pennine migration of a result of flood storage capacity or surface and ground climate impacting Moors SAC habitat and water flows. Operation of site is unlikely to affect the change upon and SPA species ability of species to migrate and adapt to climate change. habitats / species Reduction in ability to habitat extent migrate / adapt in response to climate change and increasing

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 203 D Screening of Mineral Sites

Mineral Site / Impact Type Description Natura 2000 Condition / Initial assessment of significance Background Info Site Vulnerability Affected Affected (Green= screened out not likely to cause significant adverse effect

Orange = further screening and /or assessment work required)

climate change associated risk i.e. Flooding / erosion

Sidehead, Westgate Air Quality Emissions North Changes to If proposals to re-commence work at this site come (Carboniferous from heavy Pennine overall condition, forward over the County Durham Plan Period they are Limestone) goods Moors SAC structure and unlikely to lead to significant adverse effects to the vehicles on and SPA function of integrity of the North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA by roads habitat way of deterioration of air quality and deposition. within 200 metres of Impact to the The roads indicated by the County Durham Freight Map Natura supporting that vehicles leaving the site would be required to use 2000 sites processes on do not pass within 200 metres of Natura 2000 sites so which qualifying indirect impact to sites via vehicle emissions are unlikely Potential natural habitats to occur. for dust and qualifying emissions species rely Furthermore, in terms of dust emissions, MPS2 (116) from advises that the greatest proportion of dust emitted from minerals mineral working largely deposit within 100 metres of extraction sources. North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA is the and closest Natura 2000 site to Sidehead Quarry and is over processing 4.6km south of the site. sites

Water Contamination North Maintenance of If proposals to re-commence work at Sidehead Quarry Quality of surface Pennine water quality - come forward over the County Durham Plan Period they and / or Moors SAC organics / silt are unlikely to lead to significant adverse effects to the groundwater and SPA from physical integrity of the North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA by required by disturbance way of deterioration of surface water quality as the site qualifying does not appear to be connect by watercourses. features of Impact to the Natura supporting However, the site may impact on groundwater quality 2000 sites processes on which the component SSSI (Upper Teesdale) has been which qualifying identified as sensitive to change. natural habitats and qualifying Natural England have however, set a buffer zone of 500 species rely metres from SSSI's in relation to determining whether proposals should be examined in detail by Natural England's Land Use Operation Team as a result of discharges to groundwater. As this site is outside of this buffer it is considered that there is unlikely to be any significant adverse effects to the integrity of the SAC/SPA by means of deterioration in groundwater quality.

Hydrology Changes to North Required water If proposals were to be submitted regarding the the supply Pennine levels not re-commencement of this dormant site over the County of surface Moors SAC maintained Durham Plan it is likely that impacts to water levels and / or and SPA would need to be considered in detail due to water groundwater Impact to the dependant nature of the SAC and SPA and component required by supporting SSSI (Upper Teesdale SSSI). qualifying processes on features of which qualifying However, Natural England have identified a 3km buffer Natura natural habitats for determining whether quarry proposals would need 2000 sites and qualifying to be examined in detail by Natural England's Land Use species rely Operation Team in terms of impact of change in water levels on SSSI's. As Sidehead Quarry is outside of this buffer it is considered that there is unlikely to be any significant adverse effects to the integrity of the SAC/SPA by means of change to ground water levels.

116 Whilst it is recognised that MPS2 has been replaced by the NPPF, the 100 metre buffer is still considered relevant.

204 Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options Screening of Mineral Sites D

Mineral Site / Impact Type Description Natura 2000 Condition / Initial assessment of significance Background Info Site Vulnerability Affected Affected (Green= screened out not likely to cause significant adverse effect

Orange = further screening and /or assessment work required)

Habitat or Operation North Reduction in The re-commencement of Sidehead Quarry will not species of site Pennine extent of habitat result in the direct land take from Natura 2000 sites. destruction resulting in Moors SAC and knock on However, re-working of the site may result in the or land take and SPA impact on SPA potential loss of functional land. fragmentation from Natura populations 2000 sites The Mapping Sensitive Areas for Birds Report indicates or that the land surrounding Sidehead quarry is of National functional Importance and therefore, may support qualifying land and species linked to North Pennine Moors SPA and may other be considered as functional land. operational factors that However, on closer analysis of the database linked to could this report the site has been identified as important for cause several breeding wader species such as Curlew, damage to Lapwing, Redshank and Snipe. Curlew is a qualifying qualifying species of the North Pennine Moors SPA but it is habitat / considered that there is sufficient habitat within the North species Pennines for this species.

Habitat or Operation North Disturbance of It is considered unlikely, that the re-commencement of species of sites Pennine bird species work at Sidehead Quarry would cause disturbance to disturbance resulting in Moors SPA breeding species within the SPA designation. Sidehead disturbance Quarry falls into Natural England's category 4 buffer for to bird species (800 metres) in terms of criteria for qualifying determining whether a proposal should be examined in species detail by Natural England's Land Use Operation Team due to sensitivities of qualifying bird species. As this site is outside of this buffer it is considered that there is unlikely to be any significant adverse effects to species by way of disturbance.

Ability to Operation North Movement / Unlikely to increase severity of climate change risks as adapt to of site Pennine migration of a result of flood storage capacity or surface and ground climate impacting Moors SAC habitat and water flows. Operation of site is unlikely to affect the change upon and SPA species ability of species to migrate and adapt to climate change. habitats / species Reduction in ability to habitat extent migrate / adapt in response to climate change and increasing climate change associated risk i.e. Flooding / erosion

Whitehills, Air Quality Emissions North Changes to If proposals to re-commence work at this site come Ireshopeburn from heavy Pennine overall condition, forward over the County Durham Plan Period they are (Carboniferous goods Moors SAC structure and unlikely to lead to significant adverse effects to the Limestone) vehicles on and SPA function of integrity of the North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA by roads habitat way of deterioration of air quality and deposition. within 200 metres of Impact to the The roads indicated by the County Durham Freight Map Natura supporting that vehicles leaving the site would be required to use 2000 sites processes on do not pass within 200 metres of Natura 2000 sites so which qualifying indirect impact to sites via vehicle emissions are unlikely Potential natural habitats to occur. for dust and qualifying emissions species rely Furthermore, in terms of dust emissions, MPS2 (117) from advises that the greatest proportion of dust emitted from minerals mineral working largely deposit within 100 metres of extraction 117 Whilst it is recognised that MPS2 has been replaced by the NPPF, the 100 metre buffer is still considered relevant.

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 205 D Screening of Mineral Sites

Mineral Site / Impact Type Description Natura 2000 Condition / Initial assessment of significance Background Info Site Vulnerability Affected Affected (Green= screened out not likely to cause significant adverse effect

Orange = further screening and /or assessment work required)

and sources. North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA is the processing closest Natura 2000 site to Whitehills Quarry and is over sites 2.5km south of the site.

Water Contamination North Maintenance of If proposals to re-commence work at Whitehills Quarry Quality of surface Pennine water quality - come forward over the County Durham Plan Period they and / or Moors SAC organics / silt are unlikely to lead to significant adverse effects to the groundwater and SPA from physical integrity of the North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA by required by disturbance way of deterioration of surface water quality as the site qualifying does not appear to be connect by watercourses. features of Impact to the Natura supporting However, the site may impact on groundwater quality 2000 sites processes on which the component SSSI (Upper Teesdale) has been which qualifying identified as sensitive to change. natural habitats and qualifying Natural England have however, set a buffer zone of 500 species rely metres from SSSI's in relation to determining whether proposals should be examined in detail by Natural England's Land Use Operation Team as a result of discharges to groundwater. As this site is outside of this buffer it is considered that there is unlikely to be any significant adverse effects to the integrity of the SAC/SPA by means of deterioration in groundwater quality.

Hydrology Changes to North Required water If proposals were to be submitted regarding the the supply Pennine levels not re-commencement of this dormant site over the County of surface Moors SAC maintained Durham Plan it is likely that impacts to water levels and / or and SPA would need to be considered in detail due to water groundwater Impact to the dependant nature of the SAC and SPA and component required by supporting SSSI (Upper Teesdale SSSI). qualifying processes on features of which qualifying Natural England have identified a 3km buffer for Natura natural habitats determining whether quarry proposals would need to 2000 sites and qualifying be examined in detail by Natural England's Land Use species rely Operation Team in terms of impact of change in water levels on SSSI's. Whitehill Quarry is within this buffer.

Habitat or Operation North Reduction in The re-commencement of Whitehill Quarry will not result species of site Pennine extent of habitat in the direct land take from Natura 2000 sites. However, destruction resulting in Moors SAC and knock on re-working of the site may result in the potential loss of or land take and SPA impact on SPA functional land. fragmentation from Natura populations 2000 sites North The Mapping Sensitive Areas for Birds Report indicates or Pennine that the land surrounding Whitehill quarry is of National functional Dales Importance and therefore, may support qualifying land and Meadows species linked to North Pennine Moors SPA and may other SAC be considered as functional land. operational factors that However, on closer analysis of the database linked to could this report the site has been identified as important for cause several breeding wader species such as Curlew, damage to Lapwing, Redshank and Snipe. Curlew is a qualifying qualifying species of the North Pennine Moors SPA but it is habitat / considered that there is sufficient habitat within the North species Pennines for this species.

Habitat or Operation North Disturbance of It is considered unlikely, that the re-commencement of species of sites Pennine bird species Whitehill Quarry would cause disturbance to breeding disturbance resulting in Moors SPA species within the SPA designation. Whitehill Quarry disturbance falls into Natural England's category 4 buffer for bird species (800 metres) in terms of criteria for determining

206 Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options Screening of Mineral Sites D

Mineral Site / Impact Type Description Natura 2000 Condition / Initial assessment of significance Background Info Site Vulnerability Affected Affected (Green= screened out not likely to cause significant adverse effect

Orange = further screening and /or assessment work required)

to whether a proposal should be examined in detail by qualifying Natural England's Land Use Operation Team due to species sensitivities of qualifying bird species. As this site is outside of this buffer it is considered that there is unlikely to be any significant adverse effects to species by way of disturbance.

Ability to Operation North Movement / Potential adverse effects as a result of in-combination adapt to of site Pennine migration of effects of re-commencement of site on groundwater climate impacting Moors SAC habitat and levels and extreme weather events as a result of climate change upon and SPA species change (i.e. drought conditions) and resulting reduction habitats / in habitat extent. species Reduction in ability to habitat extent migrate / adapt in response to climate change and increasing climate change associated risk i.e. Flooding / erosion

D.1 Screening of Mineral Sites (continued)

Table 32

Mineral Site / Impact Type Description Natura 2000 Condition / Initial assessment of significance Background Info Site Vulnerability Affected Affected (Green= screened out not likely to cause significant adverse effect

Orange = further screening and /or assessment work required)

Bishop Middleham Air Quality Emissions Thrislington Changes to Bishop Middleham is located approximately 300 metres (Magnesian from heavy SAC overall east of the A1(M) and utilises this road to transport Limestone) goods condition, materials to markets. No Natura 2000 sites exist within vehicles on structure and 200 metres of the A1(M) so impacts from vehicle roads within function of emissions are unlikely. 200 metres habitat of Natura In terms of dust emissions, MPS2 (118) advises that 2000 sites Impact to the the greatest proportion of dust emitted from mineral supporting working largely deposit within 100 metres of sources. Potential for processes on There are no Natura 2000 sites within 100 metres of dust which qualifying the existing quarry. The nearest Natura 2000 site to emissions natural habitats Bishop Middleham Quarry is Thrislington SAC which is from and qualifying approximately 700 metres west of the site and not within minerals species rely the prevailing wind direction. The May 2012 Site extraction Monitoring Report for this site reports that dust and suppression conditions are being complied with. processing sites

118 Whilst it is recognised that MPS2 has been replaced by the NPPF, the 100 metre buffer is still considered relevant.

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 207 D Screening of Mineral Sites

Mineral Site / Impact Type Description Natura 2000 Condition / Initial assessment of significance Background Info Site Vulnerability Affected Affected (Green= screened out not likely to cause significant adverse effect

Orange = further screening and /or assessment work required)

Water Contamination Thrislington Maintenance of Bishop Middleham Quarry is not connected to Natura Quality of surface SAC water quality - 2000 sites by surface watercourses and the May 2012 and / or organics / silt Site Monitoring Report for this site reports that groundwater Castle Eden from physical conditions are being met in relation to ensuring that required by Dene SAC disturbance water from the site is discharged only into approved qualifying settlement ponds and measures are in place to prevent features of flooding, silting pollution or erosion of any watercourses Durham Impact to the Natura 2000 or adjacent land. Coast SAC supporting sites processes on which qualifying In terms of impacts to groundwater, Bishop Middleham natural habitats Quarry is located on the principal Magnesium and qualifying Limestone aquifer linked to the Wear Magnesium species rely Limestone groundwater body.

However, as a result of conditions in place it is unlikely that groundwater quality will be adversely affected. Furthermore, Natural England have set a buffer zone of 500 metres from SSSI's in relation to determining whether proposals should be examined in detail by Natural England's Land Use Operation Team as a result of discharges to groundwater. Thrislington SAC, Castle Eden Dene SAC and Durham Coast SAC are all outside of this buffer. Thrislington SAC and Castle Eden Dene SAC are not water dependent.

Hydrology Changes to Teesmouth Required water Licensed abstraction from the River Skerne (a tributary the supply of and levels not of the River Tees) to aid operation of Bishop Middleham surface and Cleveland maintained Quarry will not adversely affect flows to Teesmouth and / or Coast SPA Cleveland Coast SPA as these are regulated by the groundwater Potential to Tees Barrage required by Durham affect food qualifying Coast SAC availability In terms of impacts to groundwater levels, the only SAC features of with the potential to be adversely affected that is linked Natura 2000 Impact to the to the Magnesian Limestone Groundwater body is sites supporting Durham Coast SAC which is water dependant. processes on which qualifying Natural England have identified a 3km buffer for natural habitats determining whether quarry proposals would need to and qualifying be examined in detail by Natural England's Land Use species rely Operation Team in terms of impact of change in water levels on SSSI's. Durahm Coast SAC is over 15km from Bishop Middleham Quarry and it is therefore considered that significant impact to groundwater levels to Durham Coast SAC as a result of continued working of this site is unlikely.

Habitat or Operation of - - Bishop Middleham quarry is not within a SAC or SPA species site resulting and working of the site has resulted in the loss of arable destruction in land take land which does not support qualifying habitat or from Natura represented within Natura 2000 sites under fragmentation 2000 sites or consideration. functional land and The land surrounding the site is indicated by the other Mapping Sensitive Areas for Birds Report as of County operational Importance for sensitive bird species but due to its factors that geographic location (inland and lowland area) is unlikely could cause to support qualifying species linked to coastal and damage to upland SPA sites qualifying habitat / species

208 Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options Screening of Mineral Sites D

Mineral Site / Impact Type Description Natura 2000 Condition / Initial assessment of significance Background Info Site Vulnerability Affected Affected (Green= screened out not likely to cause significant adverse effect

Orange = further screening and /or assessment work required)

Habitat or Operation of - - There are no records of qualifying SPA species present species sites at Bishop Middleham Quarry and the area is not disturbance resulting in considered to be of value in terms of providing functional disturbance land. to qualifying species Furthermore, it is considered very unlikely, that the continued working of Bishop Middleham Quarry would cause disturbance to breeding species within both Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast SPA and Northumbria Coast SPA (Component SSSI - Durham Coast). Bishop Middleham Quarry falls into Natural England's category 5 buffer for bird species (800 metres) in terms of criteria for determining whether a proposal should be examined in detail by Natural England's Land Use Operation Team due to sensitivities of qualifying bird species. As this site is outside of this buffer (site is located over 15km west of the SPA's) it is considered that there is unlikely to be any significant adverse effects to species by way of disturbance.

Ability to Operation of - - As the quarry is not connected to Natura 2000 sites by adapt to site surface watercourses and unlikely to impact significantly climate impacting on groundwater levels its operation is unlikely to change upon habitats increase climate change related risks to qualifying / species species. ability to migrate / Potential for restoration proposals to support creation adapt in of calcareous grassland habitat which would contribute response to toward building capacity for species to adapt to climate climate change. change and increasing climate change associated risk i.e. Flooding / erosion

Raisby, Coxhoe Air Quality Emissions Thrislington Changes to Raisby Quarry is located approximately 1 km east of (Magnesian from heavy SAC overall the A1(M) and utilises this road to transport materials Limestone) goods condition, to markets. No Natura 2000 sites exist within 200 metres vehicles on structure and of the A1(M) so impacts from vehicle emissions are roads within function of unlikely. 200 metres habitat of Natura In terms of dust emissions, MPS2 (119) advises that 2000 sites Impact to the the greatest proportion of dust emitted from mineral supporting working largely deposit within 100 metres of sources. Potential for processes on There are no Natura 2000 sites within 100 metres of dust which qualifying the existing quarry. The nearest Natura 2000 site to emissions natural habitats Raisby Quarry is Thrislington SAC which is from and qualifying approximately 2.9km west of the site and not within the minerals species rely prevailing wind direction. The June 2012 Site Monitoring extraction Report for this site reports that dust suppression and conditions are being complied with. processing sites

119 Whilst it is recognised that MPS2 has been replaced by the NPPF, the 100 metre buffer is still considered relevant.

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 209 D Screening of Mineral Sites

Mineral Site / Impact Type Description Natura 2000 Condition / Initial assessment of significance Background Info Site Vulnerability Affected Affected (Green= screened out not likely to cause significant adverse effect

Orange = further screening and /or assessment work required)

Water Contamination Thrislington Maintenance of Raisby Quarry is not connected to Natura 2000 sites Quality of surface SAC water quality - by surface watercourses and the June 2012 Site and / or organics / silt Monitoring Report for this site reports that conditions groundwater Castle Eden from physical are being met in relation to discharge requirements and required by Dene SAC disturbance protection of watercourses. qualifying features of Durham Impact to the In terms of impacts to groundwater, Raisby Quarry is Natura 2000 Coast SAC supporting located on the principal Magnesium Limestone aquifer sites processes on linked to the Wear Magnesium Limestone groundwater which qualifying body. natural habitats and qualifying However, as a result of conditions in place it is unlikely species rely that groundwater quality will be adversely affected. Furthermore, Natural England have set a buffer zone of 500 metres from SSSI's in relation to determining whether proposals should be examined in detail by Natural England's Land Use Operation Team as a result of discharges to groundwater. Thrislington SAC, Castle Eden Dene SAC and Durham Coast SAC are all outside of this buffer. Thrislington SAC and Castle Eden Dene SAC are also not water dependent.

Hydrology Changes to Teesmouth Required water Any licensed abstraction from the River Wear, River the supply of and levels not Tees or tributaries thereof to aid operation of Raisby surface and Cleveland maintained Quarry will not adversely affect flows to Teesmouth and / or Coast SPA Cleveland Coast SPA as these are regulated by the groundwater Potential to Tees Barrage, or Northumbria Coast SPA due to the required by Durham affect food distance of this site from the discharge point of the River qualifying Coast SAC availability Wear at Wearmouth features of Natura 2000 Impact to the In terms of impacts to groundwater levels, the only SAC sites supporting with the potential to be adversely affected that is linked processes on to the Magnesian Limestone Groundwater body is which qualifying Durham Coast SAC which is water dependant. natural habitats and qualifying Natural England have identified a 3km buffer for species rely determining whether quarry proposals would need to be examined in detail by Natural England's Land Use Operation Team in terms of impact of change in water levels on SSSI's. Durham Coast SAC is over 11.5 km from Raisby Quarry and it is therefore considered that significant impact to groundwater levels to Durham Coast SAC as a result of continued working of this site is unlikely.

Habitat or Operation of - - Raisby quarry is not within a SAC or SPA and working species site resulting of the site has resulted in the loss of arable land which destruction in land take does not support qualifying habitat represented within or from Natura Natura 2000 sites under consideration. fragmentation 2000 sites or functional The land surrounding the site is indicated by the land and Mapping Sensitive Areas for Birds Report as of Local other Importance for sensitive bird species only and therefore operational is not considered as potential functional land for factors that qualifying SPA species. could cause damage to qualifying habitat / species

Habitat or Operation of - - There are no records of qualifying SPA species present species sites at Raisby Quarry and the area is not considered to be disturbance resulting in of value in terms of providing functional land.

210 Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options Screening of Mineral Sites D

Mineral Site / Impact Type Description Natura 2000 Condition / Initial assessment of significance Background Info Site Vulnerability Affected Affected (Green= screened out not likely to cause significant adverse effect

Orange = further screening and /or assessment work required)

disturbance Furthermore, it is considered very unlikely, that the to qualifying continued working of Raisby Quarry would cause species disturbance to breeding species within both Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast SPA and Northumbria Coast SPA (Component SSSI - Durham Coast). Raisby Quarry falls into Natural England's category 5 buffer for bird species (800 metres) in terms of criteria for determining whether a proposal should be examined in detail by Natural England's Land Use Operation Team due to sensitivities of qualifying bird species. As this site is outside of this buffer (site is located over 11.5km west of the SPA's) it is considered that there is unlikely to be any significant adverse effects to species by way of disturbance.

Ability to Operation of - - As the quarry is not connected to Natura 2000 sites by adapt to site surface watercourses and unlikely to impact significantly climate impacting on groundwater levels its operation is unlikely to change upon habitats increase climate change related risks to qualifying / species species. ability to migrate / Potential for restoration proposals to support creation adapt in of calcareous grassland habitat which would contribute response to toward building capacity for species to adapt to climate climate change. change and increasing climate change associated risk i.e. Flooding / erosion

Witch Hill, Shadforth Air Quality Emissions Thrislington Changes to Witch Hill Quarry is located approximately 3.2 km east (Magnesian from heavy SAC overall of the A1(M) and utilises this road to transport materials Limestone) goods condition, to markets. No Natura 2000 sites exist within 200 metres vehicles on structure and of the A1(M) so impacts from vehicle emissions are roads within function of unlikely. 200 metres habitat due to of Natura Eutrophication In terms of dust emissions, MPS2 (120) advises that 2000 sites (air pollution) the greatest proportion of dust emitted from mineral working largely deposit within 100 metres of sources. Potential for Impact to the There are no Natura 2000 sites within 100 metres of dust supporting the existing quarry. The nearest Natura 2000 site to emissions processes on Witch Hill Quarry is Thrislington SAC which is from which qualifying approximately 5.2km south of the site and not within minerals natural habitats the prevailing wind direction. The January 2011 Site extraction and qualifying Monitoring Report for this site reports that dust and species rely suppression conditions are being complied with. processing sites

Water Contamination Thrislington Maintenance of Witch Hill Quarry is not connected to Natura 2000 sites Quality of surface SAC water quality - by surface watercourses and the January 2011 Site and / or organics / silt Monitoring Report for this site reports that conditions groundwater Castle Eden from physical are being met in relation to discharge requirements and required by Dene SAC disturbance protection of watercourses. qualifying features of Durham Impact to the In terms of impacts to groundwater, Witch Hill Quarry Natura 2000 Coast SAC supporting is located on the principal Magnesium Limestone aquifer sites processes on linked to the Wear Magnesium Limestone groundwater which qualifying body.

120 Whilst it is recognised that MPS2 has been replaced by the NPPF, the 100 metre buffer is still considered relevant.

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 211 D Screening of Mineral Sites

Mineral Site / Impact Type Description Natura 2000 Condition / Initial assessment of significance Background Info Site Vulnerability Affected Affected (Green= screened out not likely to cause significant adverse effect

Orange = further screening and /or assessment work required)

natural habitats However, as a result of conditions in place it is unlikely and qualifying that groundwater quality will be adversely affected. species rely Furthermore, Natural England have set a buffer zone of 500 metres from SSSI's in relation to determining whether proposals should be examined in detail by Natural England's Land Use Operation Team as a result of discharges to groundwater. Thrislington SAC, Castle Eden Dene SAC and Durham Coast SAC are all outside of this buffer. Thrislington SAC and Castle Eden Dene SAC are also not water dependent.

Hydrology Changes to Teesmouth Required water Any licensed abstraction from the River Wear, River the supply of and levels not Tees or tributaries thereof to aid operation of Witch Hill surface and Cleveland maintained Quarry will not adversely affect flows to Teesmouth and / or Coast SPA Cleveland Coast SPA as these are regulated by the groundwater Potential to Tees Barrage, or Northumbria Coast SPA due to the required by Northumbria affect food distance of this site from the discharge point of the River qualifying Coast SPA availability Wear at Wearmouth. features of Natura 2000 Durham Impact to the In terms of impacts to groundwater levels, the only SAC sites Coast SAC supporting with the potential to be adversely affected that is linked processes on to the Magnesian Limestone Groundwater body is which qualifying Durham Coast SAC which is water dependant. natural habitats and qualifying Natural England have identified a 3km buffer for species rely determining whether quarry proposals would need to be examined in detail by Natural England's Land Use Operation Team in terms of impact of change in water levels on SSSI's. Durham Coast SAC is over 10 km from Witch Hill Quarry and it is therefore considered that significant impact to groundwater levels to Durham Coast SAC as a result of continued working of this site is unlikely.

Habitat or Operation of - - Witch Hill Quarry is not within a SAC or SPA and species site resulting working of the site has resulted in the loss of arable destruction in land take land which does not support qualifying habitat or from Natura represented within Natura 2000 sites under fragmentation 2000 sites or consideration. functional land and The land surrounding the site is indicated by the other Mapping Sensitive Areas for Birds Report as of District operational Importance for sensitive bird species only and therefore factors that is not considered as potential functional land for could cause qualifying SPA species. damage to qualifying habitat / species

Habitat or Operation of - - There are no records of qualifying SPA species present species sites at Witch Hill Quarry and the area is not considered to disturbance resulting in be of value in terms of providing functional land. disturbance to qualifying Furthermore, it is considered very unlikely, that the species continued working of Witch Hill Quarry would cause disturbance to breeding species within both Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast SPA and Northumbria Coast SPA (Component SSSI - Durham Coast). Witch Hill Quarry falls into Natural England's category 5 buffer for bird species (800 metres) in terms of criteria for determining whether a proposal should be examined in detail by Natural England's Land Use Operation Team due to sensitivities of qualifying bird species. As this site is outside of this buffer (site is located over 10km west of

212 Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options Screening of Mineral Sites D

Mineral Site / Impact Type Description Natura 2000 Condition / Initial assessment of significance Background Info Site Vulnerability Affected Affected (Green= screened out not likely to cause significant adverse effect

Orange = further screening and /or assessment work required)

the SPA's) it is considered that there is unlikely to be any significant adverse effects to species by way of disturbance.

Ability to Operation of - - As the quarry is not connected to Natura 2000 sites by adapt to site surface watercourses and unlikely to impact significantly climate impacting on groundwater levels its operation is unlikely to change upon habitats increase climate change related risks to qualifying / species species. ability to migrate / Potential for restoration proposals to support creation adapt in of calcareous grassland habitat which would contribute response to toward building capacity for species to adapt to climate climate change. change and increasing climate change associated risk i.e. Flooding / erosion

Crime Rigg, Air Quality Emissions Thrislington Eutrophication Crime Rigg quarry is situated on the western edge of Shadforth from heavy SAC and (air pollution) the magnesian limestone plateau and is likely to utilise (Magnesian goods Castle Eden causing loss / the A1(M) to transport materials to processing sites / Limestone and vehicles on Dene SAC decline of market. Sand) roads within characteristic 200 metres species Thrislington SAC is over 200m from the A1, the Crime Rigg Quarry of Natura accepted distance below which air pollution from traffic has a long planning 2000 sites is likely to be an issue. history with permissions for Potential for In terms of dust emissions, Crime Rigg is over 6km from mineral extraction dust Castle Eden Dene, 9km from Thrislington SAC and over going back to 1948. emissions 10km from Durham Coast SAC. Durham Coast SAC is Planning permission from the only Natura 2000 site that could be affected by the was granted in 1994 minerals prevailing wind direction. However, MPS2 (121) advises for an eastward extraction that the greatest proportion of dust emitted from mineral extension to the and working largely deposit within 100 metres of sources. permitted working processing Furthermore control measures are in place to suppress area that also sites dust as a condition of planning permission. These provided for the conditions were being met as recorded in the latest site progressive infilling visit report - November 2011. of the worked out western part of the quarry and overall restoration. In 2009 Water Contamination - - In terms of potential impacts to surface water, Crime an application was Quality of surface Rigg is not directly connected by watercourses and approved to remove and / or conditions in relation to discharge of water into approved the stone pillar / groundwater drainage channels and measures to ensure no flooding, barrier separating required by silting, pollution or erosion of any watercourse or the extension area qualifying adjoining land were being met as recorded at the last from the original features of site visit report - November 2011. quarry and relocated Natura 2000 the farm and quarry sites In terms of impacts to groundwater, Crime Rigg is access. The located on the principal Magnesium Limestone aquifer application proposed linked to the Wear Magnesium Limestone groundwater to extract 170,000 body. The Environment Agency have raise no objection tonnes of limestone in respect of working of this site on groundwater quality and sand from the barrier. In 2011 a further application

121 Whilst it is recognised that MPS2 has been replaced by the NPPF, the 100 metre buffer is still considered relevant.

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 213 D Screening of Mineral Sites

Mineral Site / Impact Type Description Natura 2000 Condition / Initial assessment of significance Background Info Site Vulnerability Affected Affected (Green= screened out not likely to cause significant adverse effect

Orange = further screening and /or assessment work required)

was approved Hydrology Changes to Teesmouth Required water Licensed abstraction from the River Skerne (a tributary relating to permitting the supply of and levels not of the River Tees) to aid operation of Bishop Middleham the extraction and surface and Cleveland maintained Quarry will not adversely affect flows to Teesmouth and sale of clay from the / or Coast SPA Cleveland Coast SPA as these are regulated by the 1992 extension area groundwater Potential to Tees Barrage in the eastern part of required by Durham affect food the quarry. Crime qualifying Coast SAC availability In terms of impacts to groundwater the Environment Rigg Quarry is features of Agency have raised no objection in respect of working currently scheduled Natura 2000 Impact to the of this site on groundwater resources. to cease extraction sites supporting in 2021 i.e. within the processes on County Durham Plan which qualifying period. natural habitats and qualifying species rely

Habitat or Operation of - - Crime Rigg quarry is not within a SAC or SPA and species site resulting working of the site has resulted in the loss of arable destruction in land take land which does not support qualifying habitat or from Natura represented wirthin Natura 2000 sites under fragmentation 2000 sites or consideration. Furthermore, the land surrounding the functional site is indicated by the Mapping Sensitive Areas for land and Birds Report as of Local Importance for sensitive bird other species only and therefore is not considered as potential operational functional land for qualifying SPA species. factors that could cause Restoration proposals should improve on the original damage to biodiversity value of the site. The eastern field will be qualifying restored to species rich calcareous grassland, the aim habitat / being to facilitate the development of a magnesian species limestone grassland flora. Woodland planting will also take place as will creation of a wetland area.

Habitat or Operation of - - There are no records of qualifying SPA species present species sites at Crime Rigg Quarry and the area is not considered to disturbance resulting in be of value in terms of providing functional land as disturbance indicated by the Mapping Sensitive Areas for Birds to qualifying Report. Northumbria Coast SPA is over 11km north species east of Crime Rigg so is unlikely to be impacted by noise or vibration.

Ability to Operation of - - As Crime Rigg Quarry is over 6km from Castle Eden adapt to site Dene SAC, 9km from Thrisliong SAC and 11km from climate impacting Northumbria Coast SPA (as the crow flies) not change upon habitats connected by watercourses and to affect floodplain / species storage its continued operation is unlikely to increase ability to climate change related risks to qualifying species. migrate / adapt in Furthermore, restoration plans may be of benefit in response to terms of potentially substituting for loss of qualifying climate habitat linked to Thrislington SAC (calcareous change and grassland), if the habitat of Thrislington SAC declines increasing in response to climate change. climate change associated risk i.e. Flooding / erosion

Thrislington Air Quality Emissions Thrislington Changes to Existing Site Quarry, including from heavy SAC overall eastern extension, goods condition,

214 Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options Screening of Mineral Sites D

Mineral Site / Impact Type Description Natura 2000 Condition / Initial assessment of significance Background Info Site Vulnerability Affected Affected (Green= screened out not likely to cause significant adverse effect

Orange = further screening and /or assessment work required)

Cornforth vehicles on structure and Thrislington Quarry is located approximately 140 metres (Magnesian roads within function of west of the A1(M) and utilises this road to transport Limestone, Sand and 200 metres habitat due to materials to markets. No Natura 2000 sites exist within Dolomite) of Natura Eutrophication 200 metres of the A1(M) so impacts from vehicle 2000 sites (air pollution) emissions are unlikely.

Potential for Impact to the In terms of dust emissions, MPS2 (122) advises that dust supporting the greatest proportion of dust emitted from mineral emissions processes on working largely deposit within 100 metres of sources. from which qualifying Thrislington SAC is located immediately south of the minerals natural habitats site and despite not being within the prevailing wind extraction and qualifying direction may be affected by dust deposits due to its and species rely proximity. processing sites However, the following activities that take place within 100 metres of the SAC boundary are subject to dust control measures and are being complied with as evidenced by the June 2012 Site Monitoring Report:

-Ready Mix Plant - Windboards on conveyors, Dust sprays, filters and site alarms

-Sand Stocks - Height of stocks at low level in the quarry

-Sand Extraction and Screening - Sand has a high moisture content with large grain size

-Limestone Stocks - Sizes over 3mm are unlikely to result in airborne dust. Stocks at low level in the quarry

-Mobile Crusher - IPC authorisation, Windboards, sprays and containment

-Drilling and blasting - All drilling rigs operate with filters. Blast holes are stemmed with chippings

Furthermore, Natural England have rated the condition of Thrislington SAC's SSSI units as 100% favourable with a good variety of species present in every quadrat in May 2012

As a result, it can be concluded that as long as dust suppression conditions are complied with, the continued working of the existing site will not significantly affect the integrity of the site as a result of emissions to air.

Eastern Extension

The Eastern Extension to Thrislington Quarry is located approximately 100 metres east of the A1(M) and will utilise this road to transport materials to markets. Tunnel access beneath the A1 (M) will also be created to transport kiln feed material to Thrislington works. No Natura 2000 sites exist within 200 metres of the A1(M) so impacts from vehicle emissions are unlikely.

In terms of dust emissions, MPS2 advises that the greatest proportion of dust emitted from mineral working largely deposit within 100 metres of sources. Thrislignton SAC is over 500 metres south west of the extension site and is not within the prevailing wind direction.

122 Whilst it is recognised that MPS2 has been replaced by the NPPF, the 100 metre buffer is still considered relevant.

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 215 D Screening of Mineral Sites

Mineral Site / Impact Type Description Natura 2000 Condition / Initial assessment of significance Background Info Site Vulnerability Affected Affected (Green= screened out not likely to cause significant adverse effect

Orange = further screening and /or assessment work required)

Water Contamination Thrislington Maintenance of Existing Site Quality of surface SAC water quality - and / or organics / silt Thirslington Quarry is not connected to Natura 2000 groundwater Castle Eden from physical sites by surface watercourses and the June 2012 Site required by Dene SAC disturbance Monitoring Report for this site reports that conditions qualifying are being met in relation to discharge requirements and features of Durham Impact to the protection of watercourses. Natura 2000 Coast SAC supporting sites processes on In terms of impacts to groundwater, Thrislington Quarry which qualifying is located on the principal Magnesium Limestone aquifer natural habitats linked to the Wear Magnesium Limestone groundwater and qualifying body. species rely However, as a result of conditions in place it is unlikely that groundwater quality will be adversely affected. Furthermore, Natural England have set a buffer zone of 500 metres from SSSI's in relation to determining whether proposals should be examined in detail by Natural England's Land Use Operation Team as a result of discharges to groundwater. Thrislington SAC is within this buffer but is not sensitive to changes to gorundwater quality. Both Castle Eden Dene SAC and Durham Coast SAC are outside of this buffer.

Eastern Extension

The Eastern extension is not connected to Natura 2000 sites by surface watercourses and is unlikely to affect the integrity of Thrislington SAC or Castle Eden Dene SAC as these sites are not sensitive to changes to groundwater quality or Durham Coast SAC due to distance from this SAC (over 14km)

Hydrology Changes to Teesmouth Required water Any licensed abstraction from the River Wear, River the supply of and levels not Tees or tributaries thereof to aid operation of surface and Cleveland maintained Thrislington Quarry and the eastern extension will not / or Coast SPA adversely affect flows to Teesmouth and Cleveland groundwater Potential to Coast SPA as these are regulated by the Tees Barrage, required by Durham affect food or Northumbria Coast SPA due to the distance of this qualifying Coast SAC availability site from the discharge point of the River Wear at features of Wearmouth. Natura 2000 Impact to the sites supporting In terms of impacts to groundwater levels, the only SAC processes on with the potential to be adversely affected that is linked which qualifying to the Magnesian Limestone Groundwater body is natural habitats Durham Coast SAC which is water dependant. and qualifying species rely Natural England's Management Plan for Thrislington SAC states that 'Hydrological surveys carried out by Redland aggregates (now Lafarge) show that the water table is at 94 metres aOD relative to a land surface at 131 metres aOD. Flow is from northeast to southwest suggesting that even at the surface, water flow from external sources will not affect the site. Water table changes are unlikely to affect surface vegetation.

Natural England have identified a 3km buffer for determining whether quarry proposals would need to be examined in detail by Natural England's Land Use Operation Team in terms of impact of change in water levels on SSSI's. Durham Coast SAC is over 14 km from the eastern extension and over 15km from Thrislington Quarry. It is therefore considered that significant impact to groundwater levels to Durham Coast SAC as a result of continued working of this site is unlikely.

216 Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options Screening of Mineral Sites D

Mineral Site / Impact Type Description Natura 2000 Condition / Initial assessment of significance Background Info Site Vulnerability Affected Affected (Green= screened out not likely to cause significant adverse effect

Orange = further screening and /or assessment work required)

Habitat or Operation of - - Thrislington Quarry and the Eastern extension are not species site resulting within a SAC or SPA. Working of Thrislington Quarry destruction in land take resulted in the translocation of grassland which is now or from Natura designated as Thrislington SAC and working of the fragmentation 2000 sites or eastern extension will result in the loss of arable land functional which does not support qualifying habitat represented land and within Natura 2000 sites under consideration. other operational The land surrounding both site is indicated by the factors that Mapping Sensitive Areas for Birds Report as of County could cause Importance for sensitive bird species but due to its damage to geographic location (inland and lowland area) is unlikely qualifying to support qualifying species linked to coastal and habitat / upland SPA sites species

Habitat or Operation of - - There are no records of qualifying SPA species present species sites at Thrislington Quarry or the eastern extension and the disturbance resulting in area is not considered to be of value in terms of disturbance providing functional land. to qualifying species Furthermore, it is considered very unlikely, that the continued working of Thrislington Quarry or new working of the eastern extension would cause disturbance to breeding species within both Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast SPA and Northumbria Coast SPA (Component SSSI - Durham Coast). Thrislington Quarry and extension falls into Natural England's category 5 buffer for bird species (800 metres) in terms of criteria for determining whether a proposal should be examined in detail by Natural England's Land Use Operation Team due to sensitivities of qualifying bird species. As both of the sites are outside of this buffer (site is located over 14km and 15km west of the SPA's) it is considered that there is unlikely to be any significant adverse effects to species by way of disturbance.

Ability to Operation of - - As the quarry is not connected to Natura 2000 sites by adapt to site surface watercourses and unlikely to impact significantly climate impacting on groundwater levels its operation is unlikely to change upon habitats increase climate change related risks to qualifying / species species. ability to migrate / Potential for restoration proposals to support creation adapt in of calcareous grassland habitat which would contribute response to toward building capacity for species to adapt to climate climate change. change and increasing climate change associated risk i.e. Flooding / erosion

Old Air Quality Emissions Thrislington Eutrophication Traffic leaving the quarry uses the A688 either Quarrington,Cold from heavy SAC and (air pollution) southbound to reach the B6291 at a roundabout junction Knuckles and goods Castle Eden causing loss / which links directly to Junction 61 A1(M). Thrislington extension near vehicles on Dene SAC decline of SAC is over 200m from the A1, the accepted distance Bowburn, roads within characteristic below which air pollution from traffic is likely to be an (Magnesian 200 metres species issue. Limestone and of Natura Sand) 2000 sites

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 217 D Screening of Mineral Sites

Mineral Site / Impact Type Description Natura 2000 Condition / Initial assessment of significance Background Info Site Vulnerability Affected Affected (Green= screened out not likely to cause significant adverse effect

Orange = further screening and /or assessment work required)

Potential for In terms of dust emissions, MPS2 (123) advises that dust the greatest proportion of dust emitted from mineral emissions working largely deposit within 100 metres of sources. from Thrislington SAC and Castle Eden Dene SAC are over minerals 4 and 8km from the site respectively. extraction and processing sites

Water Contamination Northumbria Impact on food There are four streams located within a 2km radius of Quality of surface Coast SPA availability the quarry; all are tributaries of the River Wear. On River and / or Wear. Specific impacts on Northumbria Coast SPA near groundwater Thrislington No reduction in Wearmouth unlikely due to distance of Natura 2000 required by SAC habitat extent areas from Wearmouth (1km and 3km) and site qualifying operation features of Natura 2000 By virtue of the extraction site and topography there are sites components to this site which immediately reduce the impact of the mineral extraction upon groundwater and surface water resources. These are:

No on-site washing of extracted mineral No excavation below the water table No removal of surface water features No diversion of any watercourses No abstraction or discharge from or to any watercourse No settlement lagoons

Hydrology Changes to Thrislington No reduction in Dewatering can have negative impacts upon the supply of SAC habitat extent surrounding areas as the watertable is drawn deeper surface and down, resulting for example in wells and springs outside / or of the site groundwater required by drying up. Dewatering is not required at Quarrington, qualifying as the site is above the natural watertable and is dry features of worked. Natura 2000 sites

Habitat or Operation of - - The operation of the site has not resulted in land take species site resulting from Natura 2000 sites and flora and fauna surveys destruction in land take undertaken indicate that the site has not resulted in the or from Natura loss or fragmentation of qualifying habitat or species fragmentation 2000 sites or linked to relevant Natura 2000 sites functional land and other operational factors that could cause damage to qualifying habitat / species

Habitat or Operation of - - ecological surveys show that the site is not considered species sites to be functional land in terms of supporting qualifying disturbance resulting in SPA species disturbance to qualifying species

123 Whilst it is recognised that MPS2 has been replaced by the NPPF, the 100 metre buffer is still considered relevant.

218 Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options Screening of Mineral Sites D

Mineral Site / Impact Type Description Natura 2000 Condition / Initial assessment of significance Background Info Site Vulnerability Affected Affected (Green= screened out not likely to cause significant adverse effect

Orange = further screening and /or assessment work required)

Ability to Operation of - - As the site is over 4 and 8 km as the crow flies from the adapt to site nearest Natura 2000 sites and not connected by climate impacting watercourses its operation is unlikely to increase climate change upon habitats change related risks to qualifying species. Furthermore, / species the habitats recorded within Old Quarrington are ability to different from those found in relevant SAC's and SPA's, migrate / meaning that there is no opportunity for substitution of adapt in loss due to climate change. response to climate change and increasing climate change associated risk i.e. Flooding / erosion

Hawthorn Quarry, Air Quality Emissions Castle Eden Changes to If proposals to re-commence work at this site were Hawthorn from heavy Dene SAC overall agreed it is possible that the operation of the site would (Magnesian goods condition, increase HGV traffic on the A19 passing Castle Eden Limestone) vehicles on Durham structure and Dene SAC. Castle Eden Dene SAC is exceeding critical roads within Coast SAC function of thresholds in respect of nitrogen deposition. Any Inactive site 200 metres habitat due to increase in vehicle emissions to this site are therefore of Natura Eutrophication considered as a significant impact. 2000 sites (air pollution) In terms of dust emissions, MPS2 (124) advises that Potential for Impact to the the greatest proportion of dust emitted from mineral dust supporting working largely deposit within 100 metres of sources. emissions processes on Durham Coast SAC is the nearest Natura 2000 site to from which qualifying the quarry at over 200 metres east. However, as this minerals natural habitats site is within the prevailing wind direction of Hawthorn extraction and qualifying Quarry it is suggested that a precautionary approach and species rely should be taken and significant effects as a result of processing dust emissions cannot be screened out at this stage. sites

Water Contamination Durham Maintenance of Hawthorn Quarry is not linked directly to Natura 2000 Quality of surface Coast SAC water quality - sites by way of surface watercourses. However the site and / or organics / silt is approximately 150 metres north of Hawthorn Burn groundwater from physical which transects Durham Coast SAC. Any deterioration required by disturbance in water quality to this Burn as a result of quarry qualifying operations could lead to significant adverse effects on features of Impact to the site integrity due to the water dependant nature of the Natura 2000 supporting SAC. sites processes on which qualifying The re-commencement of Hawthorn Quarry could also natural habitats impact on groundwater quality to Durham Coast SAC and qualifying which is water dependent and within Natural England's species rely buffer zone of 500 metres from SSSI's in relation to determining whether proposals should be examined in detail by Natural England's Land Use Operation Team as a result of discharges to groundwater.

Hydrology Changes to Durham Required water It is likely that impacts to water levels would need to be the supply of Coast SAC levels not considered in detail due to the water dependant nature surface and maintained of the SAC and SPA and component SSSI (Durham / or Coast). groundwater Impact to the required by supporting qualifying processes on

124 Whilst it is recognised that MPS2 has been replaced by the NPPF, the 100 metre buffer is still considered relevant.

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 219 D Screening of Mineral Sites

Mineral Site / Impact Type Description Natura 2000 Condition / Initial assessment of significance Background Info Site Vulnerability Affected Affected (Green= screened out not likely to cause significant adverse effect

Orange = further screening and /or assessment work required)

features of which qualifying Natural England have identified a 3km buffer for Natura 2000 natural habitats determining whether quarry proposals would need to sites and qualifying be examined in detail by Natural England's Land Use species rely Operation Team in terms of impact of change in water levels on SSSI's. Hawthorn Quarry is within this buffer.

Habitat or Operation of Castle Eden Reduction in Although this site is not within a SAC or SPA, proposals species site resulting Dene SAC extent of to re-commence work at the site may adversely affect destruction in land take habitat and air quality, surface and groundwater quality and levels or from Natura Durham potential impact which support the health and function of the habitat of fragmentation 2000 sites or Coast SAC to SPA Castle Eden Dene SAC and Durham Coast SAC. functional populations land and Northumbria Any impact to the qualifying habitat of Durham Coast other Coast SPA SAC may also be considered as affecting functional operational land supporting qualifying species of Northumbria Coast factors that SPA. could cause damage to The Mapping Sensitive Areas for Birds Report indicates qualifying that the land surrounding Hawthorn quarry is of habitat / International Importance and Natural England have species identified Durham Coast SSSI (component SSSI of Durham Coast SAC) as a category 5 buffer for bird species (800 metres) in terms of criteria for determining whether a proposal should be examined in detail by Natural England's Land Use Operation Team due to sensitivities of qualifying bird species. Hawthorn Quarry is within this buffer.

However, the most recent bird study undertaken along Durham's coastline (A study of over-wintering waterbirds of the Durham Coast Dec 2011 - March 2012) indicates that qualifying bird species populate high tide roost area and low tide feeding areas approximately 1km north of Hawthorn Quarry at Noses Point and approximately 2km south of the site at Shot Rock. The re-working of Hawthorn Quarry is therefore unlikely to result in the direct loss of functional land supporting Northumbria Coast SPA.

Habitat or Operation of Northumbria Disturbance of The re-commencement of Hawthorn Quarry could species sites Coast SPA bird species potentially increase disturbance by way of blasting and disturbance resulting in vibration levels to qualifying bird species of Northumbria disturbance Coast SPA which have been identified as utilising high to qualifying tide roost areas and low tide feeding areas 1km north species and 2km south of the quarry.

Ability to Operation of Northumbria Movement / As Hawthorn Quarry is located to the west of the adapt to site Coast SPA migration of Durham Coast Main Line it's operation is unlikely to climate impacting habitat and impact on the movement of qualifying habitat of Durham change upon habitats Durham species Coast SAC by means of coastal squeeze. However, / species Coast SAC there is potential for the re-commencement of Hawthorn ability to Reduction in quarry to impact on groundwater levels to Durham Coast migrate / extent of SAC which could act in-combination with climate change adapt in habitat / coastal related events increasing severity of impact. response to squeeze climate Disturbance levels as a result of re-working of Hawthorn change and Quarry coupled with natural retreat of the coastline could increasing impact on the ability of qualifying species to adapt to climate climate change (find new roost and inland feeding change areas) associated risk i.e. Flooding / erosion

220 Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options Screening of Mineral Sites D

D.2 Screening of Mineral Sites (continued)

Table 33

Mineral Site / Impact Type Description Natura 2000 Condition / Initial assessment of significance Background Info Site Vulnerability Affected Affected (Green= screened out not likely to cause significant adverse effect

Orange = further screening and /or assessment work required)

East Cornforth and Air Quality Emissions from Thrislington Changes to overall East Cornforth and West Cornforth Quarry sites are West Cornforth heavy goods SAC condition, structure adjacent to and straddle both sides of the A1(M) and have Quarry's (Magnesian vehicles on roads and function of historically utilised this road to transport materials to Limestone) within 200 metres habitat due to markets. No Natura 2000 sites exist within 200 metres of of Natura 2000 Eutrophication (air the A1(M) so impacts from vehicle emissions are unlikely. Inactive site sites pollution) In terms of dust emissions, MPS2 (125) advises that the Potential for dust Impact to the greatest proportion of dust emitted from mineral working emissions from supporting largely deposit within 100 metres of sources. Thrislington minerals processes on which SAC is the nearest Natura 2000 site to the quarry at over extraction and qualifying natural 800 metres south east. Thrislington SAC is not within the processing sites habitats and prevailing wind direction of East and West Cornforth Qaurry qualifying species sites and is unlikely to be adversely affected by dust rely emissions as a result of re-working

Water Quality Contamination of Thrislington Maintenance of East Cornforth and West Cornforth Quarry is not connected surface and / or SAC water quality - to Natura 2000 sites by surface watercourses. groundwater organics / silt from required by Castle Eden physical disturbanceIn terms of impacts to groundwater, East Cornforth and qualifying featuresDene SAC West Cornforth Quarries are located on the principal of Natura 2000 Impact to the Magnesium Limestone aquifer linked to the Wear sites Durham supporting Magnesium Limestone groundwater body. Coast SAC processes on which qualifying natural However, Natural England have set a buffer zone of 500 habitats and metres from SSSI's in relation to determining whether qualifying species proposals should be examined in detail by Natural England's rely Land Use Operation Team as a result of discharges to groundwater. The East and West Cornforth Qaurry sites are both outside of this buffer zone.

Hydrology Changes to the Durham Required water The re-commencement of works at East and West Cornforth supply of surface Coast SAC levels not maintainedQuarry sites will not impact on surface water flows. In terms and / or of impacts to groundwater levels, the only SAC with the groundwater Impact to the potential to be adversely affected that is linked to the required by supporting Magnesian Limestone Groundwater body is Durham Coast qualifying features processes on which SAC which is water dependant. of Natura 2000 qualifying natural sites habitats and Natural England have identified a 3km buffer for determining qualifying species whether quarry proposals would need to be examined in rely detail by Natural England's Land Use Operation Team in terms of impact of change in water levels on SSSI's. Durham Coast SAC and SSSI is over 14 km from the closest point of the quarry. It is therefore considered that significant impact to groundwater levels to Durham Coast SAC as a result of re-commencement of the sites is unlikely.

Habitat or Operation of site - - East and West Cornforth Quarries are not within a SAC or species resulting in land SPA. Re-commencement of work at the sites may result in destruction or take from Natura the loss of arable land which does not support qualifying fragmentation 2000 sites or habitat represented within Natura 2000 sites under functional land consideration. and other operational The land surrounding both site is indicated by the Mapping factors that could Sensitive Areas for Birds Report as of County Importance cause damage to for sensitive bird species but due to its geographic location qualifying habitat (inland and lowland area) is unlikely to support qualifying / species species linked to coastal and upland SPA sites.

125 Whilst it is recognised that MPS2 has been replaced by the NPPF, the 100 metre buffer is still considered relevant.

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 221 D Screening of Mineral Sites

Mineral Site / Impact Type Description Natura 2000 Condition / Initial assessment of significance Background Info Site Vulnerability Affected Affected (Green= screened out not likely to cause significant adverse effect

Orange = further screening and /or assessment work required)

Habitat or Operation of sites- - There are no records of qualifying SPA species present at species resulting in East or West Cornforth Quarry sites and the area is not disturbance disturbance to considered to be of value in terms of providing functional qualifying species land.

Furthermore, it is considered very unlikely, that the re-working of East or West Cornforth Quarries would cause disturbance to breeding species within both Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast SPA and Northumbria Coast SPA (Component SSSI - Durham Coast).

Durham Coast SSSI is classified by Natural England as a category 5 buffer for bird species (800 metres) in terms of criteria for determining whether a proposal should be examined in detail by Natural England's Land Use Operation Team due to sensitivities of qualifying bird species. As both of the sites are outside of this buffer (located over 14km west of the SPA's) it is considered that there is unlikely to be any significant adverse effects to species by way of disturbance.

Ability to adaptOperation of site - - As both quarry sites are not connected to Natura 2000 to climate impacting upon sites by surface watercourses and unlikely to impact change habitats / species significantly on groundwater levels its operation is unlikely ability to migrate / to increase climate change related risks to qualifying adapt in response species. to climate change and increasing Potential for restoration proposals to support creation of climate change calcareous grassland habitat which would contribute toward associated risk building capacity for species to adapt to climate change. i.e. Flooding / erosion Running Waters, Air Quality Emissions from Thrislington Eutrophication (air Running waters quarry is adjacent to the A181 and would Shadforth(Magnesian heavy goods SAC and pollution) causing likley utilise the A1 (M) as the nearest strategic transport Limestone) vehicles on roadsCastle Eden loss / decline of route to the site to transport materials to processing sites within 200 metresDene SAC characteristic / market. Inactive site of Natura 2000 species sites Thrislington SAC is over 200m from the A1, the accepted distance below which air pollution from traffic is likely to be Potential for dust an issue. emissions from minerals In terms of dust emissions, Running Waters is over 7km extraction and from Thrislington SAC and Castle Eden Dene SAC.MPS2 processing sites (126) advises that the greatest proportion of dust emitted from mineral working largely deposit within 100 metres of sources.

Water Quality Contamination of - - In terms of potential impacts to surface water, Running surface and / or Waters is not directly connected to Natura 2000 sites by groundwater surface watercourses. required by qualifying features In terms of impacts to groundwater, Running Waters is of Natura 2000 located on the principal Magnesium Limestone aquifer sites linked to the Wear Magnesium Limestone groundwater body.

However, Natural England have set a buffer zone of 500 metres from SSSI's in relation to determining whether proposals should be examined in detail by Natural England's Land Use Operation Team as a result of discharges to groundwater. Running Waters qaurry is outside of this buffer zone..

126 Whilst it is recognised that MPS2 has been replaced by the NPPF, the 100 metre buffer is still considered relevant.

222 Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options Screening of Mineral Sites D

Mineral Site / Impact Type Description Natura 2000 Condition / Initial assessment of significance Background Info Site Vulnerability Affected Affected (Green= screened out not likely to cause significant adverse effect

Orange = further screening and /or assessment work required)

Hydrology Changes to the Durham Required water The re-commencement of Running Waters will not impact supply of surface Coast SAC levels not maintainedon surface water flows. In terms of impacts to groundwater and / or levels, the only SAC with the potential to be adversely groundwater Impact to the affected that is linked to the Magnesian Limestone required by supporting Groundwater body is Durham Coast SAC which is water qualifying features processes on which dependant. of Natura 2000 qualifying natural sites habitats and Natural England have identified a 3km buffer for determining qualifying species whether quarry proposals would need to be examined in rely detail by Natural England's Land Use Operation Team in terms of impact of change in water levels on SSSI's. Durham Coast SAC and SSSI is over 11 km from the closest point of the quarry. It is therefore considered that significant impact to groundwater levels to Durham Coast SAC as a result of re-commencement of the site is unlikely.

Habitat or Operation of site - - Running Waters quarry is not within a SAC or SPA. species resulting in land Re-commencement of work at the site may result in the destruction or take from Natura loss of arable land which does not support qualifying habitat fragmentation 2000 sites or represented within Natura 2000 sites under consideration. functional land and other The land surrounding the site is indicated by the Mapping operational Sensitive Areas for Birds Report as of County Importance factors that could for sensitive bird species but due to its geographic location cause damage to (inland and lowland area) is unlikely to support qualifying qualifying habitat species linked to coastal and upland SPA sites. / species Habitat or Operation of sites- - There are no records of qualifying SPA species present at species resulting in Running Waters quarry and the area is not considered to disturbance disturbance to be of value in terms of providing functional land. qualifying species Furthermore, it is considered very unlikely, that the re-commencement of the site would cause disturbance to breeding species within both Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast SPA and Northumbria Coast SPA (Component SSSI - Durham Coast).

Durham Coast SSSI is classified by Natural England as a category 5 buffer for bird species (800 metres) in terms of criteria for determining whether a proposal should be examined in detail by Natural England's Land Use Operation Team due to sensitivities of qualifying bird species. As the site is outside of this buffer (located over 11km west of the SPA's) it is considered that there is unlikely to be any significant adverse effects to species by way of disturbance.

Ability to adaptOperation of site - - As Running Waters is not connected to Natura 2000 sites to climate impacting upon by surface watercourses and unlikely to impact significantly change habitats / species on groundwater levels its operation is unlikely to increase ability to migrate / climate change related risks to qualifying species. adapt in response to climate change Potential for restoration proposals to support creation of and increasing calcareous grassland habitat which would contribute toward climate change building capacity for species to adapt to climate change. associated risk i.e. Flooding / erosion Cat Castle, Lartington Air Quality Emissions from North Changes to overall The main market area for Cat Castle Quarry can be (Natural Building and heavy goods Pennine condition, structure considered as consisting of a 20 mile radius of the quarry Roofing Stone) vehicles on roadsMoors SAC and function of and encompasses Barnard Castle, Newton Aycliffe, Crook, within 200 metresand SPA habitat Darlington and Richmond. The direct routes to these towns of Natura 2000 utilising the strategic routes identified in Durham County sites Council's freight map do not pass within 200 metres of North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA. Potential for dust emissions from minerals extraction and processing sites

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 223 D Screening of Mineral Sites

Mineral Site / Impact Type Description Natura 2000 Condition / Initial assessment of significance Background Info Site Vulnerability Affected Affected (Green= screened out not likely to cause significant adverse effect

Orange = further screening and /or assessment work required)

In terms of dust emissions, MPS2 (127) advises that the greatest proportion of dust emitted from mineral working largely deposit within 100 metres of sources. The North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA is the nearest Natura 2000 site to the quarry at over 2km north west and 3km south west. The North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA is not within the prevailing wind direction of Cat Castle Quarry sites and the June 2011 Site Monitoring Report states that dust suppression methods are being complied with.

Water Quality Contamination of North Maintenance of Cat Castle Quarry is not connected to Natura 2000 sites surface and / or Pennine water quality - by surface watercourses and the June 2011 Site Monitoring groundwater Moors SAC organics / silt from Report states that conditions regarding the discharge of required by and SPA physical disturbancewater and protection of water resources are being complied qualifying features with. of Natura 2000 sites As a result of conditions in place it is unlikely that groundwater quality will be adversely affected. Furthermore, Natural England have set a buffer zone of 500 metres from SSSI's in relation to determining whether proposals should be examined in detail by Natural England's Land Use Operation Team as a result of discharges to groundwater. The nearest component SSSI's of the North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA are Cotherstone Moor SSSI and Bowes Moor SSSI which are over 2 and 3km respectively from Cat Castle Quarry.

Hydrology Changes to the North Required water The working of Cat Castle Quarry does not impact on supply of surface Pennine levels not maintainedsurface water flows. In terms of impacts to groundwater and / or Moors SAC levels, the quarry falls within Natural England's 3km buffer groundwater and SPA for determining whether quarry proposals would need to required by be examined in detail by Natural England's Land Use qualifying features Operation Team in terms of impact of change in water levels of Natura 2000 on SSSI's. sites However, a condition is in place whereby Cat Castle Quarry is only to be worked to a maximum depth of 230 metres (i.e. above the water table)

Habitat or Operation of site North Reduction in extent Cat Castle Quarry is not within a SAC or a SPA and species resulting in land Pennine of habitat surrounding habitat type (arable pasture land) is unlikely destruction or take from Natura Moors SAC to support significant qualifying populations of North fragmentation 2000 sites or and SPA Pennine Moors SAC species . However, the Mapping functional land Sensitive Areas for Birds Report indicates that the quarry and other site and land surrounding the Quarry site is of County operational Importance and may support qualifying species linked to factors that could North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA. cause damage to qualifying habitat On closer analysis of the database linked to this report the / species site has been identified as important for several breeding wader species such as Curlew, Lapwing, Redshank and Snipe. Curlew is a qualifying species of the North Pennine Moors SPA but it is considered that there is sufficient habitat within the North Pennines for this species.

Habitat or Operation of sitesNorth Disturbance of bird Cat Castle Quarry and the land surrounding the site is not species resulting in Pennine species considered as essential functional land in terms of disturbance disturbance to Moors SPA supporting significant populations of North Pennine Moors qualifying species SPA species.

Furthermore, it is not considered that blasting or vibration levels as a result of working this site will cause disturbance to qualifying species. The nearest component SSSI's of the North Pennine Moors SPA to Cat Castle Quarry are Cotherstone Moor SSSI and Bowes Moor SSSI. Natural England have classified these sites as requiring a category 4 buffer for bird species (800 metres) in terms of criteria for

127 Whilst it is recognised that MPS2 has been replaced by the NPPF, the 100 metre buffer is still considered relevant.

224 Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options Screening of Mineral Sites D

Mineral Site / Impact Type Description Natura 2000 Condition / Initial assessment of significance Background Info Site Vulnerability Affected Affected (Green= screened out not likely to cause significant adverse effect

Orange = further screening and /or assessment work required)

determining whether a consultation should be examined in detail by Natural England's Land Use Operation Team. As Cat Castle Quarry is outside of this buffer it is considered that there is unlikely to be any significant adverse effects to species by way of disturbance.

Ability to adaptOperation of site North Movement / As Cat Castle Quarry is not connected to Natura 2000 sites to climate impacting upon Pennine migration of habitat by watercourses and unlikley to impact upon groundwater change habitats / speciesMoors SAC and species levles its continued operation is unlikely to increase climate ability to migrate /and SPA change related risks to qualifying species. adapt in response Reduction in habitat to climate change extent Furthermore, the habitats recorded within Cat Castle Quarry and increasing are different from those found in relevant SAC's and SPA's, climate change meaning that there is no opportunity for substitution of loss associated risk due to climate change. i.e. Flooding / erosion Restoration plans may be of benefit to qualifying bird species which may enable greater migration if required from upland to more low lying areas.

Dead Friars, Stanhope Air Quality Emissions from North Changes to overall Should proposals be submitted to extend the working life (Natural Building and heavy goods Pennine condition, structure of this site it is unlikely that adverse effects to air quality Roofing Stone) vehicles on roadsMoors SAC and function of would be avoided as the quarry site is partially located within within 200 metresand SPA habitat North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA. Adverse effects could Active Site - Review due of Natura 2000 be derived as a result of vehicle emissions accessing and Aug 2013 - prior to sites leaving the site and the direct impact of blasting at the site adoption of the County and resulting dust emissions falling onto plants that can Durham Plan Potential for dust physically smother the leaves affecting photosynthesis, emissions from respiration, transpiration and leaf temperature. minerals extraction and Transportation of materials for processing or to end markets processing sites would need to utilise roads within the North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA which is exceeding critical thresholds in respect of nitrogen deposition. Any additional pollution as a result of vehicle emissions is considered significant.

These issues would need to be considered in detail by the Review which is due in August 2013

Water Quality Contamination of North Maintenance of Potential for adverse effects to water quality. Continued surface and / or Pennine water quality - working of this site may directly impact on Burnhope Darn groundwater Moors SAC organics / silt from which transects the North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA required by and SPA physical disturbanceand any springs which may be within the area. Further qualifying features potential for the continued working of this site to impact of Natura 2000 upon groundwater quality which the North Pennine Moors sites SAC and SPA and component SSSI (Muggleswick, Stanhope and Edmundbyers Commons and Blanchland Moors SSSI) would be sensitive to.

Natural England have set a buffer zone of 500 metres from SSSI's in relation to determining whether proposals should be examined in detail by Natural England's Land Use Operation Team as a result of discharges to groundwater. Dead Friars Quarry is within this buffer.

These issues would need to be considered in detail by the Review which is due in August 2013

Hydrology Changes to the North Required water It is likely that impacts to water levels would need to be supply of surface Pennine levels not maintainedconsidered in detail due to the water dependant nature of and / or Moors SAC the SAC and SPA and component SSSI (Muggleswick, groundwater and SPA Stanhope and Edmundbyers Commons and Blanchland required by Moors SSSI). qualifying features of Natura 2000 Natural England have identified a 3km buffer for determining sites whether quarry proposals would need to be examined in detail by Natural England's Land Use Operation Team in terms of impact of change in water levels on SSSI's. Dead Friars Quarry is within this buffer.

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 225 D Screening of Mineral Sites

Mineral Site / Impact Type Description Natura 2000 Condition / Initial assessment of significance Background Info Site Vulnerability Affected Affected (Green= screened out not likely to cause significant adverse effect

Orange = further screening and /or assessment work required)

These issues would need to be considered in detail by the Review which is due in August 2013

Habitat or Operation of site North Reduction in extent Continued working of Dead Friars Quarry may result in species resulting in land Pennine of habitat direct land take from the North Pennine Moors SAC and destruction or take from Natura Moors SAC SPA depending on which part of the permitted areas is to fragmentation 2000 sites or and SPA be worked. functional land and other The Review would need to consider the habitat types that operational would be lost as a result of working the entire permitted factors that could area. Peat depth maps may be required as supporting cause damage to evidence in terms of identifying areas of recoverable blanket qualifying habitat bog. / species Habitat or Operation of sitesNorth Disturbance of bird Continued working of Dead Friars Quarry may result in species resulting in Pennine species direct land take from the North Pennine Moors SAC and disturbance disturbance to Moors SPA SPA and working is likely to cause disturbance to qualifying qualifying species SPA species, particularly if working takes place within the breeding season.

Detailed bird studies may be required to support the Review process for the entirety of the permitted area.

Ability to adaptOperation of site North Movement / Potential for working of this disused site to affect flood plain to climate impacting upon Pennine migration of habitat storage capabilities of Burnhope Darn and increase severity change habitats / speciesMoors SAC and species of climate change effects (extreme weather events) to water ability to migrate /and SPA levels. As continued working of the site will result in the adapt in response Reduction in habitat direct loss of land from the North Pennine Moors SAC and to climate change extent SPA proposals would not contribute towards building and increasing capacity for qualifying habitat and species to adapt to climate change climate change. associated risk i.e. Flooding / erosion Dunhouse, Staindrop Air Quality Emissions from North Changes to overall The main market area for Dunhouse Quarry can be (Natural Building and heavy goods Pennine condition, structure considered as consisting of a 20 mile radius of the quarry Roofing Stone) vehicles on roadsMoors SAC and function of and encompasses Barnard Castle, Newton Aycliffe, Crook, within 200 metresand SPA habitat Darlington and Richmond. The direct routes to these towns of Natura 2000 utilising the strategic routes identified in Durham County sites Impact to the Council's freight map will not pass within 200 metres of supporting North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA. Potential for dust processes on which emissions from qualifying natural In terms of dust emissions, MPS2 (128) advises that the minerals habitats and greatest proportion of dust emitted from mineral working extraction and qualifying species largely deposit within 100 metres of sources. North Pennine processing sites rely Moors SAC and SPA is the closest Natura 2000 site to Dunhouse quarry and is over 7km north west of the quarry site and not within the prevailing wind direction.

Water Quality Contamination of North Maintenance of Not connected to Natura 2000 sites by surface water surface and / or Pennine water quality - courses so no specific impact identified. groundwater Moors SAC organics / silt from required by and SPA physical disturbanceIn considering discharges to groundwater, Natural England qualifying features have established a buffer zone of 500 metres from SSSI's of Natura 2000 Impact to the to determine whether a proposal should be examined in sites supporting detail by Natural England's Land Use Operation Team. As processes on which this site is over 7km from North Pennine Moors SAC and qualifying natural SPA and the site is complying with conditions in respect of habitats and protection of ground waters, no significant effects are qualifying species considered likely. rely

Hydrology Changes to the North Required water This operation of this site does not impact upon surface supply of surface Pennine levels not maintainedwater flows and as the site also falls outside of Natural and / or Moors SAC England's 3km buffer from SSSI's set to determine whether groundwater and SPA quarry proposals in terms of impact of change in water

128 Whilst it is recognised that MPS2 has been replaced by the NPPF, the 100 metre buffer is still considered relevant.

226 Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options Screening of Mineral Sites D

Mineral Site / Impact Type Description Natura 2000 Condition / Initial assessment of significance Background Info Site Vulnerability Affected Affected (Green= screened out not likely to cause significant adverse effect

Orange = further screening and /or assessment work required)

required by Impact to the levels on SSSI's should be examined in more detail by qualifying features supporting Natural England's Land Use Operations Team, no of Natura 2000 processes on which significant effects to groundwater levels supporting North sites qualifying natural Pennine Moors SAC and SPA are considered likely. habitats and qualifying species rely

Habitat or Operation of site North Reduction in extent Dunhouse quarry is not within a SAC or SPA and the site species resulting in land Pennine of habitat and knockis not considered to be functional land in terms of supporting destruction or take from Natura Moors SAC on impact on SPA qualifying SPA species. The Mapping Sensitive Areas for fragmentation 2000 sites or and SPA populations Birds Report shows that the quarry and land surrounding functional land it is considered as of Local Importance only and therefore and other unlikely to support qualifying SPA species. The site is also operational unlikely to impact upon supporting process by way of air factors that could quality, water quality and levels. cause damage to qualifying habitat / species Habitat or Operation of sitesNorth Disturbance of bird As stated above, Dunhouse Quarry and surrounding land species resulting in Pennine species is not considered to be functional land in terms of supporting disturbance disturbance to Moors SPA qualifying species linked to North Pennine Moors SPA. qualifying species North Pennine Moors SPA and component SSSI's fall into Natural England's category 4 buffer for bird species (800 metres) in terms of criteria for determining whether a consultation should be examined in detail by Natural England's Land Use Operation Team due to sensitivities of qualifying bird species.

As Dunhouse Quarry is over 7km from North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA it is not considered that significant effects are likely in terms of disturbance as a result of blasting and vibration.

Ability to adaptOperation of site North Movement / As the quarry is not connected by surface watercourses to climate impacting upon Pennine migration of habitat and unlikely to impact significantly on groundwater levels change habitats / speciesMoors SAC and species its operation is unlikely to increase the severity of climate ability to migrate /and SPA change related risks to qualifying species. adapt in response Reduction in habitat to climate change extent Furthermore, the habitat type of land within and surrounding and increasing Dunhouse Quarry (predominantly agricultural) is different climate change from habitat classifications of relevant SAC's and SPA's, associated risk meaning that there is no opportunity for substitution of loss i.e. Flooding / due to climate change. erosion Restoration plans may be of benefit to qualifying bird species which may enable greater migration if required from upland to more low lying areas.

Lingberry, Staindrop Air Quality Emissions from North Changes to overall The main market area for Lingberry Quarry can be (Natural Building and heavy goods Pennine condition, structure considered as consisting of a 20 mile radius of the quarry Roofing Stone) vehicles on roadsMoors SAC and function of and encompasses Barnard Castle, Newton Aycliffe, Crook, within 200 metresand SPA habitat Darlington and Richmond. The direct routes to these towns of Natura 2000 utilising the strategic routes identified in Durham County sites Impact to the Council's freight map will not pass within 200 metres of supporting North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA. Potential for dust processes on which emissions from qualifying natural In terms of dust emissions, MPS2 (129) advises that the minerals habitats and greatest proportion of dust emitted from mineral working extraction and qualifying species largely deposit within 100 metres of sources. North Pennine processing sites rely Moors SAC and SPA is the closest Natura 2000 site to Lingberry quarry and is over 5km north west of the quarry site and not within the prevailing wind direction.

129 Whilst it is recognised that MPS2 has been replaced by the NPPF, the 100 metre buffer is still considered relevant.

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 227 D Screening of Mineral Sites

Mineral Site / Impact Type Description Natura 2000 Condition / Initial assessment of significance Background Info Site Vulnerability Affected Affected (Green= screened out not likely to cause significant adverse effect

Orange = further screening and /or assessment work required)

Water Quality Contamination of North Maintenance of Not connected to Natura 2000 sites by surface water surface and / or Pennine water quality - courses so no specific impact identified. groundwater Moors SAC organics / silt from required by and SPA physical disturbanceIn considering discharges to groundwater, Natural England qualifying features have established a buffer zone of 500 metres from SSSI's of Natura 2000 Impact to the to determine whether a proposal should be examined in sites supporting detail by Natural England's Land Use Operation Team. As processes on which Lingberry Quarry is over 5km from North Pennine Moors qualifying natural SAC and SPA and the site is complying with conditions in habitats and respect of protection of ground waters, no significant effects qualifying species are considered likely. rely

Hydrology Changes to the North Required water This operation of this site does not impact upon surface supply of surface Pennine levels not maintainedwater flows and as the site also falls outside of Natural and / or Moors SAC England's 3km buffer from SSSI's set to determine whether groundwater and SPA Impact to the quarry proposals in terms of impact of change in water required by supporting levels on SSSI's should be examined in more detail by qualifying features processes on which Natural England's Land Use Operations Team, no of Natura 2000 qualifying natural significant effects to groundwater levels supporting North sites habitats and Pennine Moors SAC and SPA are considered likely. qualifying species rely

Habitat or Operation of site North Reduction in extent Lingberry quarry is not within a SAC or SPA and the site is species resulting in land Pennine of habitat and knocknot considered to be functional land in terms of supporting destruction or take from Natura Moors SAC on impact on SPA qualifying SPA species. The Mapping Sensitive Areas for fragmentation 2000 sites or and SPA populations Birds Report shows that the quarry and land surrounding functional land it is considered as of Local Importance only and therefore and other unlikely to support qualifying SPA species. The site is also operational unlikely to impact upon supporting process by way of air factors that could quality, water quality and levels. cause damage to qualifying habitat / species Habitat or Operation of sitesNorth Disturbance of bird As stated above, Lingberry Quarry and surrounding land species resulting in Pennine species is not considered to be functional land in terms of supporting disturbance disturbance to Moors SPA qualifying species linked to North Pennine Moors SPA. qualifying species North Pennine Moors SPA and component SSSI's fall into Natural England's category 4 buffer for bird species (800 metres) in terms of criteria for determining whether a consultation should be examined in detail by Natural England's Land Use Operation Team due to sensitivities of qualifying bird species.

As Lingberry Quarry is over 5km from North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA it is not considered that significant effects are likely in terms of disturbance as a result of blasting and vibration.

Ability to adaptOperation of site North Movement / As the quarry is not connected by surface watercourses to climate impacting upon Pennine migration of habitat and unlikely to impact significantly on groundwater levels change habitats / speciesMoors SAC and species its operation is unlikely to increase the severity of climate ability to migrate /and SPA change related risks to qualifying species. adapt in response Reduction in habitat to climate change extent Furthermore, the habitat type of land within and surrounding and increasing Lingberry Quarry (predominantly agricultural) is different climate change from habitat classifications of relevant SAC's and SPA's, associated risk meaning that there is no opportunity for substitution of loss i.e. Flooding / due to climate change. erosion Restoration plans may be of benefit to qualifying bird species which may enable greater migration if required from upland to more low lying areas.

228 Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options Screening of Mineral Sites D

Mineral Site / Impact Type Description Natura 2000 Condition / Initial assessment of significance Background Info Site Vulnerability Affected Affected (Green= screened out not likely to cause significant adverse effect

Orange = further screening and /or assessment work required)

Shipley Banks, Air Quality Emissions from North Changes to overall The main market area for Shipley Banks Quarry can be Marwood (Natural heavy goods Pennine condition, structure considered as consisting of a 20 mile radius of the quarry Building and Roofing vehicles on roadsMoors SAC and function of and encompasses Barnard Castle, Newton Aycliffe, Crook, Stone) within 200 metresand SPA habitat Darlington and Richmond. The direct routes to these towns of Natura 2000 utilising the strategic routes identified in Durham County sites Impact to the Council's freight map will not pass within 200 metres of supporting North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA. Potential for dust processes on which emissions from qualifying natural In terms of dust emissions, MPS2 (130) advises that the minerals habitats and greatest proportion of dust emitted from mineral working extraction and qualifying species largely deposit within 100 metres of sources. North Pennine processing sites rely Moors SAC and SPA is the closest Natura 2000 site to Lingberry quarry and is over 2km south west 3km north of the quarry site and not within the prevailing wind direction.

Water Quality Contamination of North Maintenance of Not connected to Natura 2000 sites by surface water surface and / or Pennine water quality - courses so no specific impact identified. groundwater Moors SAC organics / silt from required by and SPA physical disturbanceIn considering discharges to groundwater, Natural England qualifying features have established a buffer zone of 500 metres from SSSI's of Natura 2000 Impact to the to determine whether a proposal should be examined in sites supporting detail by Natural England's Land Use Operation Team. As processes on which Shipley Banks Quarry is over 2-3km from North Pennine qualifying natural Moors SAC and SPA and the site is complying with habitats and conditions in respect of protection of ground waters, no qualifying species significant effects are considered likely. rely

Hydrology Changes to the North Required water This operation of this site does not impact upon surface supply of surface Pennine levels not maintainedwater flows. and / or Moors SAC groundwater and SPA Impact to the The site is within Natural England's 3km buffer set to required by supporting determine whether quarry proposals in terms of impact of qualifying features processes on which change in water levels on SSSI's should be examined in of Natura 2000 qualifying natural more detail by Natural England's Land Use Operations sites habitats and Team. qualifying species rely However, a condition is in place whereby no extraction or other engineering operations are to take place at any time below the water table unless otherwise agreed in writing with the Minerals Planning Authority. The March 2012 Site Monitoring Report states that compliance with this condition is being met,.

Habitat or Operation of site North Reduction in extent Shipley Banks quarry is not within a SAC or SPA and the species resulting in land Pennine of habitat and knocksite is not considered to be functional land in terms of destruction or take from Natura Moors SAC on impact on SPA supporting qualifying SPA species. The Mapping Sensitive fragmentation 2000 sites or and SPA populations Areas for Birds Report shows that the quarry and land functional land surrounding it is considered as of Local Importance only and other and therefore unlikely to support qualifying SPA species. operational The site is also unlikely to impact upon supporting process factors that could by way of air quality, water quality and levels. cause damage to qualifying habitat / species Habitat or Operation of sitesNorth Disturbance of bird As stated above, Shipley Banks Quarry and surrounding species resulting in Pennine species land is not considered to be functional land in terms of disturbance disturbance to Moors SPA supporting qualifying species linked to North Pennine Moors qualifying species SPA.

North Pennine Moors SPA and component SSSI's fall into Natural England's category 4 buffer for bird species (800 metres) in terms of criteria for determining whether a consultation should be examined in detail by Natural England's Land Use Operation Team due to sensitivities of qualifying bird species.

130 Whilst it is recognised that MPS2 has been replaced by the NPPF, the 100 metre buffer is still considered relevant.

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 229 D Screening of Mineral Sites

Mineral Site / Impact Type Description Natura 2000 Condition / Initial assessment of significance Background Info Site Vulnerability Affected Affected (Green= screened out not likely to cause significant adverse effect

Orange = further screening and /or assessment work required)

As Shipley Banks Quarry is over 2km and 3km from North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA it is not considered that significant effects are likely in terms of disturbance as a result of blasting and vibration.

Ability to adaptOperation of site North Movement / As the quarry is not connected by surface watercourses to climate impacting upon Pennine migration of habitat and unlikely to impact significantly on groundwater levels change habitats / speciesMoors SAC and species its operation is unlikely to increase the severity of climate ability to migrate /and SPA change related risks to qualifying species. adapt in response Reduction in habitat to climate change extent Furthermore, the habitat type of land within and surrounding and increasing Shipley BanksQuarry (predominantly agricultural) is different climate change from habitat classifications of relevant SAC's and SPA's, associated risk meaning that there is no opportunity for substitution of loss i.e. Flooding / due to climate change. erosion Restoration plans may be of benefit to qualifying bird species which may enable greater migration if required from upland to more low lying areas.

Windy Hill, Marwood, Air Quality Emissions from - - Markets for the type of building stone produced are within Barnard Castle, (Natural heavy goods County Durham, Richmond and North Yorkshire. Strategic Building and Roofing vehicles on roads routes that freight are directed to use to reach these markets Stone) within 200 metres are the A67 and A688 for the Durham market and the A66 of Natura 2000 eastbound for markets in Richmond and North Yorkshire. sites Roads utilised for transporting Natural Building and Roofing Stone for processing and to end markets do not pass within Potential for dust 200 metres of relevant Natura 2000 sites. emissions from minerals In terms of dust emissions, MPS2 (131) advises that the extraction and greatest proportion of dust emitted from mineral working processing sites largely deposit within 100 metres of sources. The North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA is 1.7km from Windy Hill Quarry and conditions to control dust levels are being met (March 2012) No blasting takes place at this site.

Water Quality Contamination of - - Not connected to Natura 2000 sites by watercourses and surface and / or conditions are in place to ensure that the flow of surface groundwater water runoff onto and off the site is not impeded nor the required by quality of water affected to the detriment of the adjoining qualifying features land of Natura 2000 sites Hydrology Changes to the North Required water Windy Hill Quarry is downstream of the North Pennine supply of surface Pennine levels not maintainedMoors SAC and SPA and therefore unlikely to significantly and / or Moors SAC impact upon hydrological conditions. groundwater and SPA required by qualifying features of Natura 2000 sites Habitat or Operation of site North Reduction in extent The site is not located in a SAC or SPA and was previously species resulting in land Pennine of habitat agricultural land so did not contain habitat related to relevant destruction or take from Natura Moors SAC Natura 2000 sites. The Mapping Sensitive Areas for Birds fragmentation 2000 sites or and SPA Report indicates that Windy Hill is within land of local functional land importance only and therefore not likely to support bird and other species related to North Pennine Moors SPA. operational factors that could cause damage to qualifying habitat / species Habitat or Operation of sitesNorth Disturbance of bird The Mapping Sensitive Areas for Birds Report indicates species resulting in Pennine species that Windy Hill is within land of local importance only and disturbance disturbance to Moors SPA therefore not likely to support bird species related to North qualifying species Pennine Moors SPA.

131 Whilst it is recognised that MPS2 has been replaced by the NPPF, the 100 metre buffer is still considered relevant.

230 Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options Screening of Mineral Sites D

Mineral Site / Impact Type Description Natura 2000 Condition / Initial assessment of significance Background Info Site Vulnerability Affected Affected (Green= screened out not likely to cause significant adverse effect

Orange = further screening and /or assessment work required)

Ability to adaptOperation of site North Movement / As Windy Hill is not connected by watercourses its operation to climate impacting upon Pennine migration of habitat is unlikely to increase climate change related risks to change habitats / speciesMoors SAC and species qualifying species. Furthermore, the habitat type associated ability to migrate /and SPA with the Quarry is different from that found in relevant SAC's adapt in response Reduction in habitat and SPA's, meaning that there is no opportunity for to climate change extent substitution of loss due to climate change. The site is not and increasing considered to be functional land for qualifying SPA species climate change and final restoration of the site is to return the site back to associated risk Grade 4 agricultural pasture land i.e. Flooding / erosion Harthope Head, St Air Quality Emissions from North Changes to overall Should proposals be submitted to extend the working life Johns Chapel (Ganister) heavy goods Pennine condition, structure of this site it is unlikely that adverse effects to air quality vehicles on roadsMoors SAC and function of would be avoided as the quarry site is located within North Currently, the Ganister within 200 metresand SPA habitat Pennine Moors SAC and SPA. Adverse effects could be extracted at this quarry of Natura 2000 derived as a result of vehicle emissions accessing and is not being used for sites Impact to the leaving the site and the direct impact of blasting at the site specialist purposes. supporting and resulting dust emissions falling onto plants that can Instead this mineral is Potential for dust processes on which physically smother the leaves affecting photosynthesis, being used as building emissions from qualifying natural respiration, transpiration and leaf temperature. stone. minerals habitats and extraction and qualifying species Transportation of materials for processing or to end markets Review due October processing sites rely would need to utilise roads within the North Pennine Moors 2013 - i.e. Prior to SAC and SPA which is exceeding critical thresholds in adoption of the County respect of nitrogen deposition. Any additional pollution as Durham Plan. a result of vehicle emissions is considered significant.

These issues would need to be considered in detail by the Review which is due in October 2013

Water Quality Contamination of North Maintenance of Potential for adverse effects to water quality. Continued surface and / or Pennine water quality - working of this site may directly impact on West Beck, groundwater Moors SAC organics / silt from Harthope Beck and Langdon Beck which transects the required by and SPA physical disturbanceNorth Pennine Moors SAC and SPA and any springs which qualifying features may be within the area. Further potential for the continued of Natura 2000 Impact to the working of this site to impact upon groundwater quality sites supporting which the North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA and processes on which component SSSI (Upper Teesdale SSSI) would be sensitive qualifying natural to. habitats and qualifying species Natural England have set a buffer zone of 500 metres from rely SSSI's in relation to determining whether proposals should be examined in detail by Natural England's Land Use Operation Team as a result of discharges to groundwater. Harthope Head Quarry is within this buffer.

These issues would need to be considered in detail by the Review which is due in October 2013

Hydrology Changes to the North Required water It is likely that impacts to water levels would need to be supply of surface Pennine levels not maintainedconsidered in detail due to the water dependant nature of and / or Moors SAC the SAC and SPA and component SSSI (Upper Teesdale groundwater and SPA Impact to the SSSI). required by supporting qualifying features processes on which Natural England have identified a 3km buffer for determining of Natura 2000 qualifying natural whether quarry proposals would need to be examined in sites habitats and detail by Natural England's Land Use Operation Team in qualifying species terms of impact of change in water levels on SSSI's. rely Harthope Head Quarry is within this buffer.

These issues would need to be considered in detail by the Review which is due in October 2013

Habitat or Operation of site North Reduction in extent Continued working of Harthope Head Quarry would result species resulting in land Pennine of habitat and knockin direct land take from the North Pennine Moors SAC and destruction or take from Natura Moors SAC on impact on SPA SPA. fragmentation 2000 sites or and SPA populations functional land

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 231 D Screening of Mineral Sites

Mineral Site / Impact Type Description Natura 2000 Condition / Initial assessment of significance Background Info Site Vulnerability Affected Affected (Green= screened out not likely to cause significant adverse effect

Orange = further screening and /or assessment work required)

and other The Review would need to consider the habitat types that operational would be lost as a result of working the entire permitted factors that could area. Peat depth maps may be required as supporting cause damage to evidence in terms of identifying areas of recoverable blanket qualifying habitat bog. / species Habitat or Operation of sitesNorth Disturbance of bird Continued working of Harthope Head Quarry would result species resulting in Pennine species in direct land take from the North Pennine Moors SAC and disturbance disturbance to Moors SPA SPA and working is likely to cause disturbance to qualifying qualifying species SPA species, particularly if working takes place within the breeding season.

Detailed bird studies may be required to support the ROMP process for the entirety of the permitted area.

Ability to adaptOperation of site North Movement / Potential for working of this disused site to affect flood plain to climate impacting upon Pennine migration of habitat storage capabilities of several becks and increase severity change habitats / speciesMoors SAC and species of climate change effects (extreme weather events) to water ability to migrate /and SPA levels. As continued working of the site will result in the adapt in response Reduction in habitat direct loss of land from the North Pennine Moors SAC and to climate change extent SPA proposals would not contribute towards building and increasing capacity for qualifying habitat and species to adapt to climate change climate change. associated risk i.e. Flooding / erosion Force Garth, Air Quality Emissions from Moor House Eutrophication (air Indirect Impacts: Middleton-in-Teesdale(Dolerite) heavy goods Upper pollution) causing vehicles on roadsTeesdale loss / decline of In terms of vehicle movements to and from the quarry the within 200 metresSAC characteristic traffic assessment section of the Environmental Statement of Natura 2000 species (ES) indicates that it is anticipated that 70 vehicle sites North movements will enter and leave the quarry access per week Pennine day over the next 15 years of which 62% will be HGV'S. Potential for dust Moors SPA Vehicles require use of the B6277 in order to access the emissions from quarry site and distribution of materials is primarily to the minerals North Durham, Tees Valley and North Yorkshire Areas. extraction and Pennine processing sites Dales In order to reach designated market areas directly and via Meadows the designated road freight network HGV's are likely to SAC utilise the B6277, and B6278 at Eggleston due to narrow bridges further down the B6277 linking to the A67 and A66 Thrislington eastbound to connect with the A1(M). SAC In terms of Natura 2000 sites that may currently be affected (in combination with emissions from other traffic sources) Thrislington SAC is over 200m from the A1, the accepted distance below which air pollution from traffic is likely to be an issue. The North Pennine Moors SAC is also over 200 metres from the B6277 North East of Eggleston. Both of these sites can therefore screened out.

Moor House Upper Teesdale SAC, North Pennine Dales Meadows SAC and North Pennine Moors SPA are all within 200 metres of the B6277 and certain qualifying and supporting habitat types of these sites are exceeding critical thresholds in respect of nitrogen deposition. However, the designated areas of Moor House Upper Teesdale SAC and North Pennie Moors SPA that are within 200 metres of the B6277 are upwind of the prevailing wind direction so it may be possible to screen significant impact from vehicle emissions to these sites out. The North Pennine Dales Meadows SAC is downwind of the prevailing wind direction, within 200 metres of the B6277 and exceeding critical threshold for nitrogen deposition.

Further information is needed in respect of the significance of impact that HGV emissions may be having on the North Pennine Dales Meadows SAC.

232 Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options Screening of Mineral Sites D

Mineral Site / Impact Type Description Natura 2000 Condition / Initial assessment of significance Background Info Site Vulnerability Affected Affected (Green= screened out not likely to cause significant adverse effect

Orange = further screening and /or assessment work required)

Direct Impacts:

In terms of dust emissions, MPS2 advises that the greatest proportion of dust emitted from mineral working largely deposit within 100 metres of sources. As Force Garth Quarry is within Moor House Upper Teesdale SAC and North Pennine Moors SPA dust emissions from blasting and crushing of material may be impacting upon qualifying habitat and species despite control measures in place. Further investigation into the likely significance of this impact type may be required as the ES currently only addresses the impacts of dust on human receptors as opposed to ecological receptors. Other Natura 2000 sites are unlikely to be impacted by dust emissions due to distance from the quarry site and the dust suppression measures put in place to prevent dust being emitted by HGV vehicles leaving the site.

Water Quality Contamination of Moor House Maintenance of The main water feature close to Force Garth quarry is the surface and / or Upper water quality - River Tees. The River is 100 metres south of the main groundwater Teesdale organics / silt from quarry void. In addition, a small drain adjacent to the required by SAC physical disturbancenorthern boundary of the quarry exists. The drain flows from qualifying features north-west to south-east. The drain joins Smithy Sike to the of Natura 2000 North Potential to impact north-east of the quarry which in turn joins the River Tees sites Pennine upon food availabilityto the south of the site upstream of High Force Waterfall. Moors SPA All surface water arising from direct rainfall or surface water Teesmouth run off from high land flows along the existing system of and culverts and concrete open channels to the flow balancing Cleveland pond and to lined settlement lagoons. All flow is captured Coast SPA and treated on site before recycled or discharged to the River Tees. The Environment Agency maintains a regular monitoring programme to ensure the quality of discharge and recent permission monitoring reports indicate that compliance with storage of oils etc on site are being met. In the event of minerals working extending northwards, the field drain will be intercepted and the watercourse would need to be diverted around the extension area in accordance with a diversion consent issued by the Environment Agency. Methods to minimise the release of suspended solids during excavation of the new ditch would be employed.

In terms of surface water contamination, it is considered that the measures in place, those that would be put in place (distance involved in terms of Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast SPA) would ensure no significant impact on Natura 2000 site integrity.

In terms of contamination of groundwater resources, the existing site water management infrastructure and control measures should ensure no significant adverse impact.

Hydrology Changes to the Moor House Required water The working scheme does not require any groundwater supply of surface Upper levels not maintaineddewatering during quarrying operations and the proposed and / or Teesdale workings to the north of the current extraction area will be groundwater SAC above projected groundwater levels which are monitored required by on a fortnightly basis. qualifying featuresNorth of Natura 2000 Pennine However, working the area north of the current extraction sites Moors SPA area will require the diversion of Smithy Sike which will cause a reduction in the total catchment area for this watercourse. More information as to the direct and indirect impacts of this on qualifying habitat and species will be required.

Natural England have also expressed concern that adjacent drainage will result in blanket bog drying up and more information is required as to the likely extent of blanket bog drying up.

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 233 D Screening of Mineral Sites

Mineral Site / Impact Type Description Natura 2000 Condition / Initial assessment of significance Background Info Site Vulnerability Affected Affected (Green= screened out not likely to cause significant adverse effect

Orange = further screening and /or assessment work required)

Habitat or Operation of site Moor House Reduction in extent Force Garth quarry is within Moor House Upper Teesdale species resulting in land Upper of habitat SAC and North Pennine Moors SPA so its operation will destruction or take from Natura Teesdale have resulted in the loss of qualifying species. However, fragmentation 2000 sites or SAC this loss occurred prior to the SAC and SPA designations functional land so this assessment is a review of the existing permission and other North (63 &64), as well as the continued operation of the site (61). operational Pennine As stated under air quality and hydrological impact there factors that could Moors SPA is uncertainty as to whether dust emissions are impacting cause damage to upon surrounding habitat and to what extent. Uncertainty qualifying habitat also exists in relation to the impact of drainage on blanket / species bog and how working of the entire permitted area may impact upon hydrology (diversion of Smithy Sike etc). In addition to this the ecological surveys undertaken as part of Cemex's Environmental Statement indicate that the following qualifying species are present either within the planned extension area or wider IDO permitted area:

Golden Plover - 1 pair attempted breeding within planned extension area Blanket Bog - within planned extension are and IDO area Juniper - located to the west of extension area and stand occurs outside of SAC Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies: on calcareous substrate - limited representation but present in area north of B6277 Molinia meadows - woodland fringes of Smithy Sike Hydrophilous tall herb fringe communities - small areas along River Tees Mountain Hay Meadows - north of B6277 Siliceous scree - west of quarry Siliceous rocky slopes - Whinstone cliffs in Force Garth, High Force and smaller disused quarry near Dufton Moss

The new working area would result in the loss of over 5.288ha of land designated as SAC/SPA and the certain loss of the following qualifying habitat:

Golden Plover - 5.288ha occupied by 1 breeding pair Blanket Bog - 0.016ha Juniper - 0.07ha

For all these reasons, it is considered that adverse significant impact in respect of habitat fragmentation / destruction cannot be screened out at this stage.

In particular, the RSPB have expressed concern that the recent bird survey data (2010) within the ES does not appear to cover the whole IDO area and potentially the IDO area may be of higher bird value.

Natural England have also advised that further information is required in respect of peat depths in order to sufficiently determine the area of degraded bog that could be restored under appropriate management. Whilst the ES considers that the extension area may not be considered as high quality as the rest of the site this may be due to a lack of appropriate management - and under more sensitive management the area area could be restored to an active bog and hence a likely increase in numbers of species using it.

The ES considers the impact to Golden Plover as insignificant as it compares the potential loss to the conservation objectives for Upper Teesdale SSSI (which sets the objective of maintaining the Golden Plover

234 Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options Screening of Mineral Sites D

Mineral Site / Impact Type Description Natura 2000 Condition / Initial assessment of significance Background Info Site Vulnerability Affected Affected (Green= screened out not likely to cause significant adverse effect

Orange = further screening and /or assessment work required)

populations above 75% of the baseline value = 752 pairs) as opposed to the conservation objectives for North Pennine Moors SPA. No conservation objectives are currently set for the North Pennine Moors SPA so this approach should be clarified with Natural England. Further to this, as stated above, the recent bird surveys may not take account of the whole IDO area.

The loss of Juniper would take place outside of the SAC area and may not be considered significant.

Habitat or Operation of sitesNorth Disturbance of bird The ecology and nature conservation assessment and noise species resulting in Pennine species assessment that form part of Cemex's Environmental disturbance disturbance to Moors SPA Statement do not consider the impact of noise from current qualifying species and future working of the site on qualifying SPA species. Therefore, it is not possible to screen out the potential for current and planned working at the site to cause significant adverse impact to qualifying SPA species. Further information is required to this end. Ability to adaptOperation of site Moor House Movement / The Environmental Statement indicates that the quarry and to climate impacting upon Upper migration of habitat plant site do not lie within an area at risk of 1:100 year or change habitats / speciesTeesdale and species more frequent flood events, as such there will be no loss ability to migrate /SAC of floodplain storage and no increase in flood risk. An adapt in response internal check utilising Durham County Council's GIS to climate changeNorth software concurs with this conclusion and indicates that and increasing Pennine the entire IDO area is outside of areas at high risk of climate change Moors SPA flooding, although the southern edge of the IDO is adjacent associated risk to the functional floodplain of the River Tees and future i.e. Flooding / working would need to ensure that floodplain storage is not erosion impacted upon. In terms of current working which is adjacent to the floodplain, the quarry water management scheme has been designed incorporating landscaping and drainage systems which minimise the risk of local flooding and therefore impact to habitat.

However, as stated in relation to habitat/species disturbance impacts, further information is required in relation to the potential impact of noise on qualifying SPA species and whether this is likely to impair movement of species in response to climate change amongst over factors such as breeding/feeding etc.

Crossthwaite, Holwick Air Quality Emissions from North Changes to overall If proposals were to be submitted regarding the (Dolerite) heavy goods Pennine condition, structure re-commencement of this dormant sites over the County vehicles on roadsMoors SAC and function of Durham Plan Period it is unlikely that adverse effects to air Dormant site within 200 metresand SPA habitat quality would be avoided as the quarry site is located of Natura 2000 adjacent to the North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA and sites North Impact to the within 100 metres of the North Pennine Dales Meadows Pennine supporting SAC . Adverse effects could be derived as a result of vehicle Potential for dust Dales processes on which emissions accessing and leaving the site and the direct emissions from Meadows qualifying natural impact of blasting at the site and resulting dust emissions minerals SAC habitats and falling onto plants that can physically smother the leaves extraction and qualifying species affecting photosynthesis, respiration, transpiration and leaf processing sites rely temperature.

Both Natura 2000 sites are exceeding critical thresholds in respect of nitrogen deposition. Therefore, any increase in vehicle emissions within 200 metres of the sites is considered significant.

Water Quality Contamination of North Maintenance of If proposals were to be submitted regarding the surface and / or Pennine water quality - re-commencement of this dormant site over the County groundwater Moors SAC organics / silt from Durham Plan Period there is potential for adverse effects required by and SPA physical disturbanceto water quality affecting qualifying species of North Pennine qualifying features Moors SAC and SPA. Re-working of this site may directly of Natura 2000 Impact to the impact on the Hare Cragg which transects the North sites supporting Pennine Moors SAC and SPA and any springs which may processes on which be within the area. qualifying natural

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 235 D Screening of Mineral Sites

Mineral Site / Impact Type Description Natura 2000 Condition / Initial assessment of significance Background Info Site Vulnerability Affected Affected (Green= screened out not likely to cause significant adverse effect

Orange = further screening and /or assessment work required)

habitats and Further potential for the re-commencement of this site to qualifying species impact upon groundwater quality which the North Pennine rely Moors SAC and SPA and component SSSI (Upper Teesdale SSSI) would be sensitive to.

Natural England have set a buffer zone of 500 metres from SSSI's in relation to determining whether proposals should be examined in detail by Natural England's Land Use Operation Team as a result of discharges to groundwater. Crossthwaite Quarry is within this buffer.

Hydrology Changes to the North Required water If proposals were to be submitted regarding the supply of surface Pennine levels not maintainedre-commencement of this dormant site over the County and / or Moors SAC Durham Plan it is likely that impacts to water levels would groundwater and SPA Impact to the need to be considered in detail due to water dependant required by supporting nature of the SAC and SPA and component SSSI (Upper qualifying features processes on which Teesdale SSSI). of Natura 2000 qualifying natural sites habitats and Natural England have identified a 3km buffer for determining qualifying species whether quarry proposals would need to be examined in rely detail by Natural England's Land Use Operation Team in terms of impact of change in water levels on SSSI's. Crossthwaite Quarry is within this buffer.

Habitat or Operation of site North Reduction in extent Re-commencement of Crossthwaite Quarry may result in species resulting in land Pennine of habitat and knockdirect land take from the North Pennine Moors SAC and destruction or take from Natura Moors SAC on impact on SPA SPA depending on proposals. fragmentation 2000 sites or and SPA populations functional land and other operational factors that could cause damage to qualifying habitat / species Habitat or Operation of sitesNorth Disturbance of bird Re-commencement of Crossthwaite Quarry may result in species resulting in Pennine species direct land take from the North Pennine Moors SAC and disturbance disturbance to Moors SPA SPA and due to proximity, working is likely to cause qualifying species disturbance to qualifying SPA species, particularly if working takes place within the breeding season. Ability to adaptOperation of site North Movement / Potential for this site to increase severity of climate change to climate impacting upon Pennine migration of habitat effects in relation to water levels supporting qualifying change habitats / speciesMoors SAC and species habitat and species. As re-commencement of works at the ability to migrate /and SPA site may result in the direct loss of land from the North adapt in response Reduction in habitat Pennine Moors SAC and SPA proposals would not to climate change extent contribute towards building capacity for qualifying habitat and increasing and species to adapt to climate change. climate change associated risk i.e. Flooding / erosion Greenfoot, Stanhope Air Quality Emissions from North Changes to overall If proposals were to be submitted regarding the (Dolerite) heavy goods Pennine condition, structure re-commencement of works at this dormant sites over the vehicles on roadsMoors SAC and function of County Durham Plan Period it is unlikely to affect Natura Dormant Site within 200 metresand SPA habitat 2000 sites through emissions form vehicles or as a result of Natura 2000 of dust emissions from blasting. This site is 1.3km south sites Impact to the west and 1.6km south east of the North Pennine Moors supporting SAC and SPA and the closest roads that would be utilised Potential for dust processes on which to transport materials to markets (as dictated by the County emissions from qualifying natural Durham freight Map) do not pass within 200 metres of minerals habitats and Natura 2000 sites extraction and qualifying species processing sites rely

Water Quality Contamination of Northumbria Maintenance of Greenfoot Quarry is directly north of the River Wear. surface and / or Coast SPA water quality - Specific impacts to Northumbria Coast SPA as a result of groundwater organics / silt from increased pollution to the River Wear is unlikely due to the required by physical disturbancedistance of Natura 2000 areas from Wearmouth and the

236 Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options Screening of Mineral Sites D

Mineral Site / Impact Type Description Natura 2000 Condition / Initial assessment of significance Background Info Site Vulnerability Affected Affected (Green= screened out not likely to cause significant adverse effect

Orange = further screening and /or assessment work required)

qualifying features Potential to affect diluting effect of the River in terms of distance from of Natura 2000 food availability Greenfoot quarry to the coast. It is also assumed that any sites proposal to re-work this site would be accompanied by Impact to the conditions that would require the protection of surface water supporting quality. processes on which qualifying natural Potential for the re-commencement of this site to impact habitats and upon groundwater quality which the North Pennine Moors qualifying species SAC and SPA and component SSSI (Muggleswick, rely Stanhope and Edmundbyers Commons and Blanchland Moors SSSI) would be sensitive to.

Natural England have set a buffer zone of 500 metres from SSSI's in relation to determining whether proposals should be examined in detail by Natural England's Land Use Operation Team as a result of discharges to groundwater. Greenfoot Quarry is however, outside of this buffer so unlikely to significantly affect groundwater quality.

Hydrology Changes to the North Required water If proposals were to be submitted regarding the supply of surface Pennine levels not maintainedre-commencement of this dormant sites over the County and / or Moors SAC Durham Plan it is likely that impacts to water levels would groundwater and SPA Impact to the need to be considered in detail due to water dependant required by supporting nature of the SAC and SPA and component SSSI qualifying features processes on which (Muggleswick, Stanhope and Edmundbyers Commons and of Natura 2000 qualifying natural Blanchland Moors SSSI) . sites habitats and qualifying species Natural England have identified a 3km buffer for determining rely whether quarry proposals would need to be examined in detail by Natural England's Land Use Operation Team in terms of impact of change in water levels on SSSI's. Greenfoot Quarry is within this buffer.

Habitat or Operation of site North Reduction in extent Greenfoot Quarry is not within a SAC or a SPA. However, species resulting in land Pennine of habitat and knockthe Mapping Sensitive Areas for Birds Report indicates that destruction or take from Natura Moors SAC on impact on SPA the quarry site and land surrounding the Quarry site is of fragmentation 2000 sites or and SPA populations National Importance and may support qualifying species functional land linked to North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA. and other operational On closer analysis of the database linked to this report the factors that could site has been identified as important for several breeding cause damage to wader species such as Curlew, Lapwing, Redshank and qualifying habitat Snipe. Curlew is a qualifying species of the North Pennine / species Moors SPA but it is considered that there is sufficient habitat within the North Pennines for this species.

Habitat or Operation of sitesNorth Disturbance of bird Greenfoot Quarry and the land surrounding the site is not species resulting in Pennine species considered as essential functional land in terms of disturbance disturbance to Moors SPA supporting significant populations of North Pennine Moors qualifying species SPA species.

Furthermore, it is not considered that blasting or vibration levels as a result of working this site will cause disturbance to qualifying species. The nearest component SSSI's of the North Pennine Moors SPA to Greenfoot Quarry is Muggleswick, Stanhope and Edmundbyers Commons and Blanchland Moors SSSI.

Natural England have classified this sites as requiring a category 4 buffer for bird species (800 metres) in terms of criteria for determining whether a consultation should be examined in detail by Natural England's Land Use Operation Team. As Greenfoot Quarry is outside of this buffer it is considered that there is unlikely to be any significant adverse effects to species by way of disturbance.

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 237 D Screening of Mineral Sites

Mineral Site / Impact Type Description Natura 2000 Condition / Initial assessment of significance Background Info Site Vulnerability Affected Affected (Green= screened out not likely to cause significant adverse effect

Orange = further screening and /or assessment work required)

Ability to adaptOperation of site North Movement / Potential for this site to increase severity of climate change to climate impacting upon Pennine migration of habitat effects in relation to water levels supporting qualifying change habitats / speciesMoors SAC and species habitat and species. ability to migrate /and SPA adapt in response Reduction in habitat to climate change extent and increasing climate change associated risk i.e. Flooding / erosion Middleton, Holwick Air Quality Emissions from North Changes to overall If proposals were to be submitted regarding the (Dolerite) heavy goods Pennine condition, structure re-commencement of works at this dormant site over the vehicles on roadsMoors SAC and function of County Durham Plan Period it is unlikely that adverse Dormant Site within 200 metresand SPA habitat effects to air quality would be avoided as the quarry site is of Natura 2000 located adjacent to the North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA sites North Impact to the and within 1.5 km of the North Pennine Dales Meadows Pennine supporting SAC. Adverse effects could be derived as a result of vehicle Potential for dust Dales processes on which emissions accessing and leaving the site and the direct emissions from Meadows qualifying natural impact of blasting at the site and resulting dust emissions minerals SAC habitats and falling onto plants that can physically smother the leaves extraction and qualifying species affecting photosynthesis, respiration, transpiration and leaf processing sites rely temperature.

Both Natura 2000 sites are exceeding critical thresholds in respect of nitrogen deposition. Therefore, any increase in vehicle emissions within 200 metres of the sites is considered significant.

Water Quality Contamination of North Maintenance of This site does not appear to be connected to Natura 2000 surface and / or Pennine water quality - sites by surface watercourses. However, there is potential groundwater Moors SAC organics / silt from for the re-commencement of this site to impact upon required by and SPA physical disturbancegroundwater quality which the North Pennine Moors SAC qualifying features and SPA and component SSSI (Upper Teesdale SSSI) of Natura 2000 Impact to the would be sensitive to. sites supporting processes on which Natural England have set a buffer zone of 500 metres from qualifying natural SSSI's in relation to determining whether proposals should habitats and be examined in detail by Natural England's Land Use qualifying species Operation Team as a result of discharges to groundwater. rely Middleton Quarry is within this buffer.

Hydrology Changes to the North Required water If proposals were to be submitted regarding the supply of surface Pennine levels not maintainedre-commencement of this dormant site over the County and / or Moors SAC Durham Plan it is likely that impacts to water levels would groundwater and SPA Impact to the need to be considered in detail due to water dependant required by supporting nature of the SAC and SPA and component SSSI (Upper qualifying features processes on which Teesdale SSSI). of Natura 2000 qualifying natural sites habitats and Natural England have identified a 3km buffer for determining qualifying species whether quarry proposals would need to be examined in rely detail by Natural England's Land Use Operation Team in terms of impact of change in water levels on SSSI's. Middelton Quarry is within this buffer.

Habitat or Operation of site North Reduction in extent Re-commencement of Middleton Quarry may result in direct species resulting in land Pennine of habitat and knockland take from the North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA destruction or take from Natura Moors SAC on impact on SPA depending on proposals. fragmentation 2000 sites or and SPA populations functional land and other operational factors that could cause damage to qualifying habitat / species Habitat or Operation of sitesNorth Disturbance of bird Re-commencement of Middleton Quarry may result in direct species resulting in Pennine species land take from the North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA and disturbance disturbance to Moors SPA due to proximity, working is likely to cause disturbance to qualifying species

238 Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options Screening of Mineral Sites D

Mineral Site / Impact Type Description Natura 2000 Condition / Initial assessment of significance Background Info Site Vulnerability Affected Affected (Green= screened out not likely to cause significant adverse effect

Orange = further screening and /or assessment work required)

qualifying SPA species, particularly if working takes place within the breeding season. Ability to adaptOperation of site North Movement / Potential for this site to increase severity of climate change to climate impacting upon Pennine migration of habitat effects in relation to water levels supporting qualifying change habitats / speciesMoors SAC and species habitat and species. As re-commencement of the site may ability to migrate /and SPA result in the direct loss of land from the North Pennine adapt in response Reduction in habitat Moors SAC and SPA proposals would not contribute to climate change extent towards building capacity for qualifying habitat and species and increasing to adapt to climate change. climate change associated risk i.e. Flooding / erosion Park End, Holwick Air Quality Emissions from North Changes to overall If proposals were to be submitted regarding the (Dolerite) heavy goods Pennine condition, structure re-commencement of works at this dormant site over the vehicles on roadsMoors SAC and function of County Durham Plan Period it is unlikely that adverse Dormant Site within 200 metresand SPA habitat effects to air quality would be avoided as the quarry site is of Natura 2000 located adjacent to the North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA sites North Impact to the and within 100 metres of the North Pennine Dales Meadows Pennine supporting SAC . Adverse effects could be derived as a result of vehicle Potential for dust Dales processes on which emissions accessing and leaving the site and the direct emissions from Meadows qualifying natural impact of blasting at the site and resulting dust emissions minerals SAC habitats and falling onto plants that can physically smother the leaves extraction and qualifying species affecting photosynthesis, respiration, transpiration and leaf processing sites rely temperature.

Both Natura 2000 sites are exceeding critical thresholds in respect of nitrogen deposition. Therefore, any increase in vehicle emissions within 200 metres of the sites is considered significant.

Water Quality Contamination of North Maintenance of If proposals were to be submitted regarding the surface and / or Pennine water quality - re-commencement of this dormant site over the County groundwater Moors SAC organics / silt from Durham Plan Period there is potential for adverse effects required by and SPA physical disturbanceto water quality affecting qualifying species of North Pennine qualifying features Moors SAC and SPA. Re-commencement of this site may of Natura 2000 Impact to the directly impact on the Hare Cragg which transects the North sites supporting Pennine Moors SAC and SPA and any springs which may processes on which be within the area. qualifying natural habitats and Further potential for the re-commencement of this site to qualifying species impact upon groundwater quality which the North Pennine rely Moors SAC and SPA and component SSSI (Upper Teesdale SSSI) would be sensitive to.

Natural England have set a buffer zone of 500 metres from SSSI's in relation to determining whether proposals should be examined in detail by Natural England's Land Use Operation Team as a result of discharges to groundwater. Park End Quarry is within this buffer.

Hydrology Changes to the North Required water If proposals were to be submitted regarding the supply of surface Pennine levels not maintainedre-commencement of this dormant site over the County and / or Moors SAC Durham Plan it is likely that impacts to water levels would groundwater and SPA Impact to the need to be considered in detail due to water dependant required by supporting nature of the SAC and SPA and component SSSI (Upper qualifying features processes on which Teesdale SSSI). of Natura 2000 qualifying natural sites habitats and Natural England have identified a 3km buffer for determining qualifying species whether quarry proposals would need to be examined in rely detail by Natural England's Land Use Operation Team in terms of impact of change in water levels on SSSI's. Park End Quarry is within this buffer.

Habitat or Operation of site North Reduction in extent Re-commencement of Park End Quarry may result in direct species resulting in land Pennine of habitat and knockland take from the North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA destruction or take from Natura Moors SAC on impact on SPA depending on proposals. fragmentation 2000 sites or and SPA populations functional land and other

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 239 D Screening of Mineral Sites

Mineral Site / Impact Type Description Natura 2000 Condition / Initial assessment of significance Background Info Site Vulnerability Affected Affected (Green= screened out not likely to cause significant adverse effect

Orange = further screening and /or assessment work required)

operational factors that could cause damage to qualifying habitat / species Habitat or Operation of sitesNorth Disturbance of bird Re-commencement of Park End Quarry may result in direct species resulting in Pennine species land take from the North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA and disturbance disturbance to Moors SPA due to proximity, working is likely to cause disturbance to qualifying species qualifying SPA species, particularly if working takes place within the breeding season. Ability to adaptOperation of site North Movement / Potential for this site to increase severity of climate change to climate impacting upon Pennine migration of habitat effects in relation to water levels supporting qualifying change habitats / speciesMoors SAC and species habitat and species. As re-commencement of the site may ability to migrate /and SPA result in the direct loss of land from the North Pennine adapt in response Reduction in habitat Moors SAC and SPA proposals would not contribute to climate change extent towards building capacity for qualifying habitat and species and increasing to adapt to climate change. climate change associated risk i.e. Flooding / erosion Hummerbeck, West Air Quality Emissions from - - Hummerbeck Quarry is adjacent to the A68 and has good Auckland (Sand and heavy goods connections to the A1 (M) for transportation of materials to Gravel) vehicles on roads market. No Natura 2000 sites exist within 200 metres of within 200 metres the these roads so impacts from vehicle emissions are of Natura 2000 unlikely. sites In terms of dust emissions, MPS2 (132) advises that the Potential for dust greatest proportion of dust emitted from mineral working emissions from largely deposit within 100 metres of sources. Hummerbeck minerals Quarry is remote from Natura 2000 sites being 11km south extraction and west of Thrislington SAC and 13km south east of the North processing sites Pennine Moors SAC and SPA.

Water Quality Contamination of - - Hummerbeck Quarry is not connected to Natura 2000 sites surface and / or by surface watercourses. groundwater required by In terms of impacts to groundwater, Natural England have qualifying features set a buffer zone of 500 metres from SSSI's in relation to of Natura 2000 determining whether proposals should be examined in detail sites by Natural England's Land Use Operation Team as a result of discharges to groundwater. Hummerbeck Quarry is outside of this buffer zone.

Hydrology Changes to the - - The continued working of Hummerbeck Quarry will not supply of surface impact on surface water flows. In terms of impacts to and / or groundwater levels, Natural England have identified a 3km groundwater buffer for determining whether quarry proposals would need required by to be examined in detail by Natural England's Land Use qualifying features Operation Team in terms of impact of change in water levels of Natura 2000 on SSSI's. sites Hummerbeck Quarry is outside of this buffer in relation to component SSSI's of Natura 2000 sites. It is therefore considered that significant impact to groundwater levels is unlikely.

Habitat or Operation of site - - Hummerbeck Quarry is not within a SAC or SPA and species resulting in land working of this site has not resulted in the loss of qualifying destruction or take from Natura habitat or species. fragmentation 2000 sites or functional land The land surrounding the quarry is indicated by the Mapping and other Sensitive Areas for Birds Report as of Local Importance operational only and therefore unlikely to support qualifying species of factors that could relevant Natura 2000 sites.

132 Whilst it is recognised that MPS2 has been replaced by the NPPF, the 100 metre buffer is still considered relevant.

240 Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options Screening of Mineral Sites D

Mineral Site / Impact Type Description Natura 2000 Condition / Initial assessment of significance Background Info Site Vulnerability Affected Affected (Green= screened out not likely to cause significant adverse effect

Orange = further screening and /or assessment work required)

cause damage to qualifying habitat / species Habitat or Operation of sites- - There are no records of qualifying SPA species present at species resulting in Hummerbeck Quarry and the area is not considered to be disturbance disturbance to of value in terms of providing functional land. qualifying species Furthermore, it is considered very unlikely, that the continued working of the quarry would cause disturbance to qualifying SPA species due to distance from designated sites.

Ability to adaptOperation of site - - As Hummerbeck quarry is not connected to Natura 2000 to climate impacting upon sites by surface watercourses and unlikely to impact change habitats / species significantly on groundwater levels its operation is unlikely ability to migrate / to increase climate change related risks to qualifying adapt in response species. to climate change and increasing Furthermore, the habitat type associated with the Quarry climate change is different from that found in relevant SAC's and SPA's, associated risk meaning that there is no opportunity for substitution of loss i.e. Flooding / due to climate change. erosion Low Harperley, Air Quality Emissions from North Changes to overall Vehicles transporting materials to market from Low Wolsingham (Sand and heavy goods Pennine condition, structure Harperley Quarry utilise the A689 to transport materials Gravel) vehicles on roadsMoors SAC and function of east and the A68 to transport materials north and south. within 200 metresand SPA habitat Neither of these routes are within 200 metres of Natura of Natura 2000 2000 sites therefore, significant effects arising from vehicle sites North Impact to the emissions are considered unlikely. Pennine supporting Potential for dust Dales processes on which In terms of dust emissions, MPS2 (133) advises that the emissions from Meadows qualifying natural greatest proportion of dust emitted from mineral working minerals SAC habitats and largely deposit within 100 metres of sources. Hummerbeck extraction and qualifying species Quarry is over 2km north of the North Pennine Moors SAC processing sites rely and SPA.

Water Quality Contamination of Northumbria Maintenance of Low Harperley Quarry is directly north of the River Wear. surface and / or Coast SPA water quality - Specific impacts to Northumbria Coast SPA as a result of groundwater organics / silt from increased pollution to the River Wear is unlikely due to the required by physical disturbancedistance of Natura 2000 areas from Wearmouth and the qualifying features diluting effect of the River in terms of distance from of Natura 2000 Potential to affect Harperley quarry to the coast. sites food supply Potential for the working of this site to impact upon groundwater quality which the North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA and component SSSI (Bollihope, Pikestone, Eggleston and Woodland Fells SSSI) would be sensitive to.

However, Natural England have set a buffer zone of 500 metres from SSSI's in relation to determining whether proposals should be examined in detail by Natural England's Land Use Operation Team as a result of discharges to groundwater. Low Harperley Quarry is however, outside of this buffer so unlikely to significantly affect groundwater quality. This is supported by Hydro-geological assessment results outlined in the Environmental

Hydrology Changes to the North Required water Working of site will not affect surface water flows. supply of surface Pennine levels not maintained and / or Moors SAC Excavation is to be assisted by groundwater pumping, groundwater and SPA Impact to the maintaining the watertable in the area of excavation 0.5m required by supporting below the base of excavation (i.e. dry working above the qualifying features processes on which artificially depressed watertable). Impact to groundwater of Natura 2000 qualifying natural levels is not considered significant. sites

133 Whilst it is recognised that MPS2 has been replaced by the NPPF, the 100 metre buffer is still considered relevant.

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 241 D Screening of Mineral Sites

Mineral Site / Impact Type Description Natura 2000 Condition / Initial assessment of significance Background Info Site Vulnerability Affected Affected (Green= screened out not likely to cause significant adverse effect

Orange = further screening and /or assessment work required)

habitats and qualifying species rely

Habitat or Operation of site North Reduction in extent Low Harperley Quarry is not within a SAC or SPA and species resulting in land Pennine of habitat and knockworking of this site has not resulted in the loss of qualifying destruction or take from Natura Moors SAC on impact on SPA habitat or species as supported by ecological assessment fragmentation 2000 sites or and SPA populations within the Environmental Statement. functional land and other operational factors that could cause damage to qualifying habitat / species Habitat or Operation of sitesNorth Disturbance of bird There have been no records of qualifying species utilising species resulting in Pennine species the land within or around the quarry and the Mapping disturbance disturbance to Moors SPA Sensitive Areas for Birds Report identifies the area as being qualifying species of Local Importance Only. Low Harperley Quarry and surrounding area is not considered as functional land.

Natural England have classified this sites as requiring a category 4 buffer for bird species (800 metres) in terms of criteria for determining whether a consultation should be examined in detail by Natural England's Land Use Operation Team. As Low Harperley Quarry is outside of this buffer it is considered that there is unlikely to be any significant adverse effects to species by way of disturbance.

Ability to adaptOperation of site North Movement / As Low Harperley quarry is unlikely to impact on Natura to climate impacting upon Pennine migration of habitat 2000 sites by surface watercourses and unlikely to impact change habitats / speciesMoors SAC and species significantly on groundwater levels its operation is unlikely ability to migrate /and SPA to increase severity of climate change related risks to adapt in response Reduction in habitat qualifying species. to climate change extent and increasing Furthermore, the habitat type associated with the Quarry climate change is different from that found in relevant SAC's and SPA's, associated risk meaning that there is no opportunity for substitution of loss i.e. Flooding / due to climate change. erosion

242 Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options Screening Opinion of Policies E

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 243 244 E Habitat

Strategic Policies Screening

Table 34 Policy 1: Sustainable Development Regulations

Details Broad Potential Impact Opinion Impact Pathway

Assessment The following criteria will be used to assess the sustainability of development proposals are, including Air No specific impact. This policy sets out all the criteria of how they would contribute to minimising the impact of climate change and adapting to its effects. All Quality that new development is expected to contribute toward

elements of development proposals will be considered, from design through to implementation, in order to maximise sustainable development. Policies operation, restoration and aftercare. Development will be required to protect, maintain and a. Locate development with the aim of reducing the need to travel, both for people, goods, and enhance biodiversity and avoid negative impacts on

of materials, with the emphasis on improving accessibility between homes, jobs, services and facilities, important biodiversity resources (k) and should result

and promoting and increasing opportunities to make necessary journeys by foot, cycle or public in positive effects. the transport;

County b. Recognise the particular development needs in rural areas to promote sustainable communities Water As above and facilitate small scale development to meet local needs and promote opportunities for faster and Quality reliable broadband;

Durham Hydrology As above c. Support the local economy and businesses by enabling a mix of uses that provide employment opportunities suitable for local people and by providing for lifelong learning and skills development; Habitat As above or

Plan d. Minimise the use of non-renewable and unsustainable resources, including energy and materials, species during both construction and use, encouraging waste reduction and recycling, and promoting the use destruction

or Preferred of local materials; fragmentation e. Prioritise the need to reduce the demand for energy and use energy more efficiently, through design, layout and specification, avoiding the use of unsustainable resources during both construction Habitat As above and meeting Code for Sustainable Homes and BREEAM standards; or

Options species f. Maximise opportunities for renewable and low carbon energy generation, either on or off-site, disturbance including developing and utilising district heat networks; Ability to As above adapt to Details Broad Potential Impact Impact Pathway

Habitat g. Ensure development takes into account the risks and opportunities associated with future changes climate to the climate and incorporates suitable and effective climate change adaptation principles; change demonstrating how the development is resilient to climate change, reduces flood risk, incorporates

flood protection and alleviation measures and utilises sustainable urban drainage systems wherever Regulations possible; and optimises solar gain through appropriate design and use of green infrastructure;

h. Make the most efficient use of land, buildings and existing infrastructure;

i. Promote sustainable, well designed and accessible places that enhance local distinctiveness,

respect the setting and character of place, are adaptable to meet changing needs, and reduce crime, Assessment fear of crime and anti-social behaviour;

j. Conserve and enhance the quality, diversity and distinctiveness of County Durham’s towns and townscapes, villages, and landscapes, including the conservation and management of buildings, sites and areas of architectural, historic or archaeological importance and their settings; of k. Protect, maintain and enhance the County’s biodiversity and geodiversity. Avoid negative impacts the on important biodiversity resources and actively enhance the biodiversity resource, including the

connectivity and creation of habitats; County

l. Minimise water consumption and wastage, and minimise the impact on water resources and water quality;

Durham Screening m. Minimise and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and other forms of pollution from new development, including by promoting the use of electric vehicle charging infrastructure in appropriate new development;

Plan

n. Ensure that development is supported by appropriate provision of physical, green and social Opinion

infrastructure, enhancing existing provision and addressing identified deficiencies and integrating Preferred development with surrounding townscape and landscape, and with adjoining communities using green infrastructure;

of

o. Promote inclusive and cohesive communities and encourage community involvement in the Policies

Options design, development and management of places; 245 E 246 E Habitat

Details Broad Potential Impact Screening Impact

Pathway Regulations

p. Promote health, well being and active lifestyles by protecting, maintaining, providing or enhancing

green space and sport and recreational facilities; Opinion

q. Protect the productive potential of the County’s agricultural land and forestry; and

Assessment r. Recognise potential risks to development from contamination and unstable ground conditions, as of

a result of previous land uses and the legacy of past coal mining. Policies

All proposals for major development should be accompanied by a Sustainability Statement or other supporting Planning Statement which demonstrates how these criteria have been met. of the Can the policy / allocation be screened out? Yes

County Table 35 Policy 2: Spatial Approach

Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Durham Pathway

Sustainable development and maximising opportunities Air Quality New development to meet the spatial approach will result in an increase traffic growth which

for delivery are the core principles of the Spatial could exacerbate impacts to Natura 2000 sites within 200 metres of roads that are close to or Plan Approach. To achieve this development will be are already exceeding critical thresholds in nitrogen deposition. Specific impacts to Castle Eden delivered across the County as follows: Dene SAC which is within 200 metres of the A19 are considered likely.

Preferred a. The 12 Main Towns will be the principal focus for significant retail, housing, office and There is also the potential for dust emissions as a direct result from construction to have an employment providing better transport and adverse effect on Natura 2000 sites, but this will be dependent upon location. service provision with Durham City as the

sub-regional centre; Options Water Quality New development to meet the spatial approach within the vicinity of watercourses linked to b. The 23 Smaller Towns and Larger Villages will Natura 2000 sites could impact directly on water quality and qualifying species depending on function as the primary local employment and location. service centres and will continue to meet the needs of dispersed local communities across New development will need to be served by adequate sewage treatment, drainage and sewer County Durham, supporting levels of growth network infrastructure to ensure that discharges to water resources serving Natura 2000 sites do not adversely affect qualifying habitats and species and that run off as a result of increased hardstanding and pressure on drainage and the sewer network do not increase. Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Pathway

commensurate with their sustainability, physical Hydrology Development to meet the spatial strategy will result in increased abstraction form surface and

Habitat constraints, land supply and attractiveness to possibly groundwater resources. Potential for for adverse effects to water dependent Natura the market; 2000 sites.

Habitat or Development to meet the spatial strategy could result in negative effects on qualifying species c. Development in other settlements, not covered Regulations by criteria a and b, to meet their social and species and habitats through direct land take (i.e. designated site itself and functional land), recreational economic needs and contribute to regeneration, destruction or and urbanisation impacts (e.g. trampling and increase in invasive species/ predation), and will be achieved by delivering smaller but fragmentation adverse impact on environmental resources that support them (e.g. air/ water pollution). significant levels of development commensurate with their size; Habitat or Development to meet the spatial strategy with particular reference to that in the East and West

species of the County could result in negative effects on qualifying species and habitats through noise Assessment d. To allow smaller communities to become more disturbance and light disturbance and increased recreational disturbance. sustainable and resilient and to encourage social and economic vitality, development that delivers Ability to adapt Development to meet the spatial strategy could result in negative effects on qualifying species community benefits, social cohesion and to climate and habitats by increasing climate change risks (e.g. impact of development on flood storage sustainability will be permitted, notably if it change and water supply to sites) and restricting species movement (i.e. through coastal squeeze), thereby reducing the ability for species migration in response to climate change. benefits nearby communities that individually of

lack facilities; and the

County e. In rural areas, development that meets the needs of the local community, for instance affordable housing and economic diversification, including appropriate tourist development, will be

Durham permitted providing the countryside is protected Screening from wider development pressures and widespread new building.

Plan Can the policy / allocation be screened out? No

Opinion

Preferred

of

Policies

Options 247 E 248 E Habitat

Table 36 Policy 3: Quantity of New Development Screening

Details Broad Impact Potential Impact

Regulations Pathway

In order to meet the needs of present and future Air Quality Due to uncertainty regarding location of allocations there is the potential for new development Opinion residents of County Durham and to deliver a thriving to generate traffic and contribute to air quality impacts on Natura 2000 sites. Development itself economy, including a reduced rate of worklessness, could also have a specific impact on air quality, depending on its purpose, and therefore affect

the following levels of development are proposed up Natura 2000 sites. There is also the potential for dust emissions as a direct result from

Assessment to 2030: construction to have an adverse effect on Natura 2000 sites, but this will be dependent upon of

At least 30,000 new homes of mixed type, size, location. Policies and tenure; Water Quality Due to uncertainty regarding location of allocations, there is the potential for new development 297 hectares of general employment land for to have a direct impact on surface water quality and ground water quality through both construction and operation phases. New development may also increase storm water and office, industrial and warehousing purposes to of assist in the delivery of 30,000 new jobs; and normal runoff infiltration rates, that transport pollutants to surface waters and increasing pressure the on sewerage systems. Moreover, considering the level of development proposed there will be a need for the sewerage system across the County to treat a greater volume of foul water prior

County 29,750 sqm (gross) of new retail floorspace. to discharge. All of which could have potential adverse effects on water dependent Natura 2000 sites.

Durham Hydrology Due to uncertainty regarding location of allocations, there is the potential for new development to decrease the rate at which groundwater aquifers are replenished. Surface water flows could also be affected by the potential increase in abstraction and/ or drainage. Potential for for adverse effects to water dependent Natura 2000 sites.

Plan Habitat or Due to uncertainty regarding location of allocations, there is the potential for adverse effects species on qualifying species and habitats through direct land take (i.e. designated site itself and

Preferred destruction or functional land), recreational and urbanisation impacts (e.g. trampling and increase in invasive fragmentation species/ predation), and adverse impact on environmental resources that support them (e.g. air/ water pollution).

Habitat or Due to uncertainty regarding location of allocations, there is the potential for adverse effects Options species on qualifying species and habitats through noise and light disturbance, increased recreational disturbance disturbance, and adverse impact on flight paths depending on height of development (e.g. stacks).

Ability to adapt Due to uncertainty regarding location of allocations, there is the potential for adverse effects to climate on qualifying species and habitats by increasing climate change risks (e.g. impact of development change on flood storage and water supply to sites) and restricting species movement (coastal squeeze) Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Pathway

Can the policy / allocation be screened out? No Habitat Table 37 Policy 4: Distribution of New Development

Regulations Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Pathway

Air Quality New development aligned with the distribution will result in an increase traffic growth which could exacerbate impacts to Natura 2000 sites within 200 metres of roads that are close to or To reflect the Spatial Approach the Plan allocates are already exceeding critical thresholds in nitrogen deposition. Specific impacts to Castle Eden

Assessment sufficient sites to provide for housing, employment and Dene SAC which is within 200 metres of the A19 are considered likely. retail in the following locations taking account of their differing opportunities and constraints: There is also the potential for dust emissions as a direct result from construction to have an adverse effect on Natura 2000 sites, but this will be dependent upon location. Housing Requirement and Distribution of Water Quality New development aligned with the distribution within the vicinity of watercourses linked to Natura SETTLEMENT HOUSING EMPLOYMENT RETAIL the ALLOCATION LAND ALLOCATION 2000 sites could impact directly on water quality and qualifying species depending on location.

(HOUSES) ALLOCATION (GROSS SQM) County (HECTARES) New development will need to be served by adequate sewage treatment, drainage and sewer network infrastructure to ensure that discharges to water resources serving Natura 2000 sites CENTRAL DURHAM do not adversely affect qualifying habitats and species and that run off to watercourses and

sites as a result of increased hardstanding and pressure on drainage and the sewer network Durham Screening Main Town do not increase.

Durham City 5120 24.5 6500 (Convenience)

Hydrology New development aligned with the distribution could result in increased abstraction form Plan

groundwater resources and increased surface water run off as a result of increased hardstanding. Smaller Towns and Larger Villages Opinion As such groundwater levels and drainage could be affected, which has the potential to cause

Preferred Brandon/Langley 550 32.5 adverse effects to water dependent Natura 2000 sites. Moor/Meadowfield

Habitat or New development aligned with the distribution could result in adverse effects on qualifying of Bowburn 320 29 species species and habitats through direct land take (i.e. designated site itself and functional land),

Policies

destruction or recreational and urbanisation impacts (e.g. trampling and increase in invasive species/ predation), Options Coxhoe 450 fragmentation and adverse impact on environmental resources that support them (e.g. air/ water pollution).

Langley Park 275 249 E 250 E Habitat

Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Screening Pathway

Regulations Habitat or New development aligned with the distribution could result in adverse effects to qualifying SETTLEMENT HOUSING EMPLOYMENT RETAIL species species and habitats through noise and light disturbance and increased recreational disturbance.

ALLOCATION LAND ALLOCATION (HOUSES) ALLOCATION (GROSS SQM) disturbance Opinion (HECTARES) Ability to adapt New development aligned with the distribution could result in adverse effects to qualifying

Sacriston 345 to climate species and habitats by increasing climate change risks (e.g. impact of development on flood

Assessment change storage and water supply to sites) and restricting species movement (i.e. through coastal of

Sherburn squeeze), thereby reducing the ability for species migration in response to climate change. Policies

Ushaw Moor 190

Remainder of 660 4 (123)

of Central

Durham the

Total for 7910 90 (123) 6500 County Central (Convenience) Durham

NORTH DURHAM Durham

Main Town

Consett 2780 14

Plan Chester-le-Street 1300 10 (11.5)

Preferred Stanley/Tanfield 1300 10.5 Lea

Smaller Towns and Larger Villages

Options Annfield 260 14 Plain

Pelton/Newfield 500

Great Lumley 110 Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Pathway

SETTLEMENT HOUSING EMPLOYMENT RETAIL Habitat ALLOCATION LAND ALLOCATION (HOUSES) ALLOCATION (GROSS SQM) (HECTARES)

Regulations Remainder of 350 5 (12) North Durham

Total for 6600 53.5 (23.5) 0 North

Assessment Durham

SOUTH DURHAM

Main Town

Bishop 2685 7 of Auckland the Crook 880 9 4500

County (Convenience)

Newton 2000 45 (105) Aycliffe

Durham Screening Shildon 675 6

Spennymoor 1695 14.5 8500

Plan (Convenience)

Opinion 2000

Preferred (Comparison)

Smaller Towns and Larger Villages of

Policies

Options Chilton 285 8 251 E 252 E Habitat

Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Screening Pathway

Regulations SETTLEMENT HOUSING EMPLOYMENT RETAIL

ALLOCATION LAND ALLOCATION (HOUSES) ALLOCATION (GROSS SQM) Opinion (HECTARES)

Ferryhill 315 0.5 1250

Assessment (Convenience) of

Policies Sedgefield 450 (35)

Willington 90 7

of Remainder of 605 4

South the Durham

County Total for 9680 101 (140) 14250 South (Convenience) Durham

2000 Durham (Comparison)

EAST DURHAM

Plan

Main Town

Preferred Peterlee 1820 19.5 7000 (Bulky Goods)

Seaham 1150 1.5 (58.5)

Options Smaller Towns and Larger Villages

Blackhall/Blackhall Rocks

Easington/Easington 230 Colliery Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Pathway

SETTLEMENT HOUSING EMPLOYMENT RETAIL Habitat ALLOCATION LAND ALLOCATION (HOUSES) ALLOCATION (GROSS SQM) (HECTARES)

Regulations Horden 1.5

Murton 350

Shotton/Shotton 330 0.5 Colliery

Assessment Wingate 200

Remainder of 620 19 East Durham

Total for 4700 42 (58.5) 7000 (Bulky of East Goods) the Durham

County WEST DURHAM

Main Town

Durham Barnard 400 6 Screening Castle

Smaller Towns and Larger Villages

Plan

Middleton in 30 Opinion Teesdale

Preferred Stanhope 10 3

Wolsingham 180 0.5 of

Policies

Options Remainder of 490 4 West Durham 253 E 254 E Habitat

Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Screening Pathway

Regulations SETTLEMENT HOUSING EMPLOYMENT RETAIL

ALLOCATION LAND ALLOCATION (HOUSES) ALLOCATION (GROSS SQM) Opinion (HECTARES)

Total for 1110 13.5 0

Assessment West of

Durham Policies

TOTAL FOR 30000 300 29750

of COUNTY

DURHAM the

County Can the policy / allocation be screened out? No

Durham Table 38 Policy 5: Durham City

Details Broad Potential Impact Impact

Plan Pathway

Preferred The Spatial Approach identifies Durham City as the primary location for new development in County Air Quality No specific impact.: development may increase traffic Durham. The Plan therefore identifies approximately 24.5 hectares of employment land, 5120 houses on the A1, but not likely to have an adverse impact and 6500sqm of new convenience retail floorspace. The Plan therefore: on Thrislington SAC due to distance (A1 over 0.2km Prioritises the redevelopment of land and buildings around the historic core of the City which from site) and direction of prevailing wind. support its key role as an employment, housing, retail and tourism centre;

Options Development in Durham City is unlikely to increase Respects the special character of the historic centre and World Heritage Site; traffic on A19 northbound past Castle Eden Dene SAC due to relative proximity to A1 (M). Supports the vitality and viability of the City Centre;

Helps realise the potential of the City for tourism; Water Consideration was given to the impact of proposed Quality housing growth in Durham City on water quality of the River Wear which could potentially affect food Details Broad Potential Impact Impact Pathway

Habitat Identifies Aykley Heads as a Strategic Employment Site, predominately for office development availability to Northumbria Coast SPA. However, this alongside a mix of other uses including housing; potential adverse effect can be screened out given the distance of Northumbria Coast SPA from

Identifies Sniperley Park, North of Arnison, and Sherburn Road as Strategic Housing Sites; Wearmouth (over 6km and 19km south respectively) Regulations

Identifies North of Arnison as the location for convenience retail floorspace; and Hydrology Potential for adverse effects to Durham Coast SAC if Northumbrian Water Ltd increase abstraction from Provides for the delivery of the Western Relief Road early in the Plan period and the Northern the Magnesian Limestone aquifer to serve housing Relief Road later in the Plan period to relieve congestion and enhance the employment, tourist growth.

Assessment and shopping potential of the City. Habitat or No specific impact: distance from Natura 2000 sites. species Durham City is not considered as functional land in destruction terms of alternative feeding, breeding or nesting sites or for SPA species. The lowland agricultural nature of fragmentation sites selected are also unlikely to support qualifying habitat. of the Habitat or Potential for housing sites to cumulatively increase species recreational pressure to coastal SACs and SPAs.

County disturbance

Ability to Potential hydrological impacts could increase severity

adapt to of climate change risks and weather events i.e. Durham Screening climate drought conditions. change

Can the policy / allocation be screened out? No Plan

Opinion

Preferred

of

Policies

Options 255 E 256 E Habitat

Table 39 Policy 6: Aykley Heads Screening

Details Broad Potential Impact

Regulations Impact Pathway

Opinion In order to provide a high quality employment location to deliver the new jobs Durham City and Air Quality No specific impact.: development may increase traffic County Durham need, land at Aykley Heads, as shown on the proposals map, is allocated as a on the A1, but not likely to have an adverse impact

Strategic Employment Site. The development of this site will have regard to the provision and timing on Thrislington SAC due to distance (A1 over 0.2km

Assessment of the infrastructure necessary to support it, including improvements to the highway network from site) and direction of prevailing wind. of

immediately adjoining the site and the Western and Northern Relief Roads. Policies Development in Durham City is unlikely to increase The development of the site will reflect the principles of development as set out in the Aykley Heads traffic on A19 northbound past Castle Eden Dene Supplementary Planning Document that accompanies this Plan and summarised below: SAC due to relative proximity to A1 (M). of Employment the Water Consideration was given to the impact of Aykley a. Deliver 70,000m2 of new high quality, flexible office (use class B1) floorspace to attract national Quality Heads in Durham City on water quality of the River

County and international employers. Wear which could potentially affect food availability to Northumbria Coast SPA. (capacity of sewage treatment works) However, this potential adverse

Durham Services effect can be screened out given the distance of Northumbria Coast SPA from Wearmouth (over 6km a. To ensure the commercial attractiveness of the site, supporting facilities will be permitted on and 19km south respectively) the site providing they do not have an adverse impact on the vitality and viability of the City

Hydrology Potential for adverse effects to Durham Coast SAC Plan Centre. Uses which may be appropriate include: if Northumbrian Water Ltd increase abstraction from the Magnesian Limestone aquifer to serve

A3 (restaurant, snack bar, café); Preferred employment growth. D1 and D2 (health facilities, creche, gym); or Habitat or No qualifying features of SAC's or SPA's recorded A1 (convenience retail, sandwich bar). species on site.

destruction Options or Sustainable Design fragmentation

a. Deliver attractive, high quality design incorporating sustainable development principles and Habitat or No specific impact: distant from Natura 2000 sites. adopting sustainable construction methods in accordance with Policy 1 (Sustainable species Although Durham City is classed as within a County Development) and Policy 17(Sustainable Design in the Built Environment); disturbance flight path of qualifying SPA bird species, due to the type of development there is unlikely to be an impact. Details Broad Potential Impact Impact Pathway

Habitat b. Enhance the entrance to the site from Durham Railway Station and provide good quality Unlikely to increase recreational pressure due to pedestrian and cycle links from the station into the site; and nature of devlopment.

Ability to Potential hydrological impacts could increase severity c. Create a new high quality gateway entrance fronting onto the A691/B6532. Regulations adapt to of climate change risks and weather events i.e. climate drought conditions. Transport change

a. Provide sufficient parking that is attractive to major investors and prestige businesses, while

also encouraging the use of Park and Ride schemes and other forms of sustainable transport; Assessment and

b. Bus, pedestrian and cycle routes must be incorporated within, and connecting to, adjoining facilities. A Transport Assessment and Travel Plan will also be required to ensure that reliance on the private car is reduced and to mitigate the impact of increased traffic in accordance with

Policy 47(Sustainable Travel). of the Green Infrastructure

County a. Incorporate an interconnected network of good-quality, multi functional green infrastructure including an adequate supply of different types of open space, in accordance with Policy 20 (Green Infrastructure). An appropriate and enhanced landscape structure with clearly defined

Durham boundaries will also be developed; Screening

b. Set the new office development within a strong landscape framework which capitalises on the site's natural landscape features, provides integration with the surrounding landscape, captures

Plan and enhances wildlife potential and embraces environmental standards;

Opinion

Preferred c. Provide a new city park by enhancing the land at the east of the site as an integral part of the site's development. This parkland will allow the site to retain its openness and will be provided with the DLI museum creating a gateway, with the parkland extending up to Newton Hall. This

of

Policies

Options 257 E 258 E Habitat

Details Broad Potential Impact Screening Impact

Pathway Regulations

area will also provide an enhanced network of surfaced multi user routes, tree planting and

habitat creation creating a parkland garden. Incorporate a new open-air space for public events; Opinion and

d. Provide enhanced green routes running through the new park to provide attractive and safe

Assessment routes linking this area to the northern entrance of Durham Railway Station and Wharton Park of

and residential areas to the north of the site. Policies

Can the policy / allocation be screened out? No of

the Table 40 Policy 7: Durham City Strategic Housing Sites

County Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Pathway

Durham In order to meet the development needs of Durham Air Quality No specific impact.: development may increase traffic on the A1, but not likely to have an adverse City and to encourage economic growth in County impact on Thrislington SAC due to distance (A1 over 0.2km from site) and direction of prevailing Durham, land at Sniperley Park, to the North of the wind. Arnison Centre and at Sherburn Road, as shown on

Plan the proposals map, are allocated for development. Development in Durham City is unlikely to increase traffic on A19 northbound past Castle Eden The phasing of development on these sites will have Dene SAC due to relative proximity to A1 (M).

regard to the provision and timing of the infrastructure Preferred necessary to support them and in particular the Western and Northern Relief Roads. Water Quality Consideration was given to the impact of proposed housing growth in Durham City on water quality of the River Wear which could potentially affect food availability to Northumbria Coast The development of each of these sites will reflect the SPA. (capacity of sewage treatment works) However, this potential adverse effect can be

Options principles of development as set out in the Sniperley screened out given the distance of Northumbria Coast SPA from Wearmouth (over 6km and Park, North of Arnison and Sherburn Road 19km south respectively) Supplementary Planning Documents that accompany this Plan and are summarised below: Hydrology Potential for adverse effects to Durham Coast SAC if Northumbrian Water Ltd increase abstraction from the Magnesian Limestone aquifer to serve housing growth. Housing Habitat or No specific impact: distant from Natura 2000 sites. Durham City is not considered as functional species land in terms of alternative feeding, breeding or nesting sites for SPA species. The lowland agricultural nature of sites selected are also unlikely to support qualifying habitat. Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Pathway

a. The three sites will incorporate an appropriate destruction or

Habitat mix of house types and tenures to reflect housing fragmentation need and market considerations and including housing for older people and affordable housing Habitat or Potential for housing sites to cumulatively increase recreational pressure to coastal SACs and species SPAs.

in accordance with Policy 31(Addressing Regulations Housing Need). Development will comprise of disturbance approximately: Ability to adapt Potential hydrological impacts could increase severity of climate change risks and weather i. 2200 houses on Sniperley Park (with a to climate events i.e. drought conditions. further 300 phased beyond the Plan change

period); Assessment

ii. 1225 houses on North of Arnison; and

iii. 450 houses on Sherburn Road. of the Services

County a. A new neighbourhood centre will be provided on Sniperley Park to include at least a primary school, health centre, community building and

Durham local retail provision; Screening

b. A site of approximately 3.5 hectares on the North of Arnison site will be identified for the provision

Plan of a new supermarket, including parking,

servicing and a petrol filling station to meet Opinion

Preferred current and future convenience shopping needs in accordance with Policy 25 (Retail Allocations); and

of

c. On North of Arnison and Sherburn Road Policies

Options community buildings will either be provided on site or a contribution to the improvement of 259 E 260 E Habitat

Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Screening Pathway

Regulations off-site provision will be required in accordance withe the Infrastructure Delivery Plan and Policy

64 (Developer Contributions). Opinion

Sustainable Design

Assessment of

a. The sites will deliver attractive, high quality Policies design incorporating sustainable development principles and adopting sustainable construction methods in accordance with Policy 1 (Sustainable Development) and Policy of 17(Sustainable Design in the Built Environment); the

b. Developers on all sites will be required to work County with the Council and partners to explore opportunities for district heating networks particularly on Sniperley Park given its proximity

Durham to Lanchester Road Hospital;

c. The density of housing across the sites will vary in relation to the proximity of facilities and bus

Plan routes in accordance with Policy 35 (Density of Residential Development);

Preferred d. Existing buildings on, or near to, North of Arnison including Finchale Training Centre, Hagg House and Red House Farm must be integrated within the new development. Development adjoining

Options Chester Low Road will have regard to its semi-rural character;

e. On Sniperley Farm the design of development near to Sniperley Hall and Farm and the adjoining parkland will have regard to their character and setting; Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Pathway

f. Treat any potential views of the World Heritage

Habitat Site appropriately; and

g. The design of Sherburn Road will provide a

positive gateway for Durham City particularly Regulations from the A1(M) and will not detract from the character of the Old Durham Beck and Old Durham as a result of no development being built lower than the 80m contour line.

Assessment Transport

a. All sites will incorporate bus, pedestrian and cycle routes within, and connecting to, adjoining facilities. A Transport Assessment and Travel

Plan for each site will also be required to ensure of that reliance on the private car is reduced and the to mitigate the impact of increased traffic in

accordance with Policy 47 (Promoting County Sustainable Travel);

b. Sniperley Park will include attractive links to the

Durham existing Park and Ride facility to maximise its Screening use by residents;

c. Access to North of Arnison will have regard to,

Plan and not prejudice, the proposed route of the

Northern Relief Road; Opinion

Preferred d. In order to achieve sustainable and cohesive communities, the development at North of

Arnison must be integrated with existing of

Policies

Options 261 E 262 E Habitat

Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Screening Pathway

Regulations development to the south of Rotary Way by enhanced connectivity and overcoming existing

barriers to movement; and Opinion

e. Provide an enhanced recreational route from

and adjoining Sherburn Road into Durham City

Assessment Centre. of

Policies

Green Infrastructure

a. The sites will incorporate an interconnected of network of good-quality, multi functional green the infrastructure including an adequate supply of

different types of open space, in accordance County with Policy 20 (Green Infrastructure). An appropriate and enhanced landscape structure with clearly defined boundaries will also be

Durham developed;

b. On Sniperley Park, the existing Folly Plantation will be retained within the development.

Plan Mitigation measures will be required to protect its ecosystem and preserve linkages with other

nearby habitats and the wider countryside; Preferred

c. On North of Arnison the mature trees, hedgerows and cluster of ponds to the south of Red House Farm and Hagg House Farm will be

Options enhanced and incorporated within the development; and

d. Protect and enhance the woodland along the boundary of Sherburn Road with the A1(M).

Can the policy / allocation be screened out? No Table 41 Policy 8: Western Relief Road

Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Pathway Habitat Land is allocated for the construction of the Western Air Quality Modelling has demonstrated that the Western Relief Road in Durham City will relieve congestion Relief Road in Durham City located to the West of the on the A167 from Sniperley to Nevilles Cross and Nevilles Cross junction itself. There will be A167 that will connect the A691 at Sniperley Park and significant reductions in traffic flow on the A167 (in excess of 200 vehicles per hour) and a

Regulations Ride roundabout at its northern end with the B6302 similar reduction in traffic using the A690, east of Broom Lane and towards the City Centre. Broom Lane at its southern end. The Western Relief Road creates a viable alternative route for traffic seeking to travel from the south west of Durham City to the north, with traffic re-routed via a new road and onwards using Within the corridor of interest for the Western Relief the A167, where previously it would travel through the City Centre via the A690 and onwards Road, as shown on the proposals map, development via the A1.

will only be permitted if it does not prejudice the Assessment implementation of the scheme. The Western Relief road will neither decrease traffic or re-route traffic onto roads within 200 metres of Natura 2000 sites. A 200 metre buffer is Natural England's national standard for air pollution resulting from roads. The route of the Western Relief road is also distant from Natura 2000 sites at over 12km from the closest site (Thrislington SAC) and is therefore unlikely to adversely affect sites in terms of air quality impacts during construction. of the Water Quality The route of the Western Relief Road will require the construction of a crossing point across the River Browney. The River Browney is a tributary of the River Wear which discharges at

County Wearmouth, Sunderland. Specific impacts on Northumbria Coast SPA / Ramsar as a result of potential deterioration of water quality during construction and potential increased run off into the River Browney is unlikely due to distances involved from potential pollution receptor point

Durham to to Wearmouth and distance of Northumbria Coast SPA / Ramsar from Wearmouth. (1km Screening and 3km)

Plan

The route of the Western Relief Road is underlain by a Secondary A aquifer of variable Opinion permeability (The Pennine Middle Coal Measures) This aquifer does not underlay Natura 2000

Preferred sites

of

Hydrology The Western Relief Road is unlikely to alter surface or groundwater flows linked to Natura 2000 Policies

Options sites

Habitat or The route of the Western Relief Road will not result in the direct loss of land from Natura 2000 species sites or land considered as functional land in terms of supporting qualifying species. 263 E 264 E Habitat

Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Screening Pathway

Regulations destruction or The Mapping Sensitive Areas for Birds Report indicates that the area of land within which the fragmentation route of the Western Relief Road would cross is of local importance only and is not likely to

support bird species related to Natura 2000 sites. Furthermore, the area of land within which Opinion the route of the Western Relief Road would cross is predominantly agricultural and therefore unlikely to support qualifying habitats linked to Natura 2000 sites.

Assessment of

Habitat or The route of the Western Relief road is distant from Natura 2000 sites at over 12km from the Policies species closest site (Thrislington SAC) and is unlikely to lead to adverse effects through increased noise disturbance or light. The Relief road is also unlikely to increase traffic within proximity to Natura 2000 sites which would be adversely affected by an increase in noise. of Ability to adapt The Western Relief road will not directly or indirectly restrict the ability of species movement in the to climate response to climate change or increase climate change related risks to qualifying species change through for example, affecting flood water storage.

County

Furthermore, the habitat types within the area of the proposed Western Relief Road is different from that found in relevant Natura 2000 sites meaning that there is no opportunity for substitution

Durham of loss due to climate change.

Can the policy / allocation be screened out? Yes

Plan Table 42 Policy 9: Northern Relief Road

Preferred Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Pathway

Land is allocated for the construction of the Northern Air Quality The Northern Relief Road has strategic impacts on connectivity and traffic flows across the Options Relief Road in Durham City to connect the Red House Durham network principally because it opens up an alternative crossing of the River Wear. roundabout at its Western end with the A690 as its Currently all traffic through Durham City converges onto Milburngate Bridge. The Northern eastern end near Junction 62 of the A1M. Relief Road would enable east-west movements through the City that do not intend to stop to re-route and avoid Milburngate Bridge. Within the corridor of interest for the Northern Relief Road, as shown on the proposals map, development will only be permitted if it does not prejudice the implementation of the scheme. Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Pathway

The Northern Relief road will neither decrease traffic or re-route traffic onto roads within 200

Habitat metres of Natura 2000 sites. A 200 metre buffer is Natural England's national standard for air pollution resulting from roads. The route of the Northern Relief road is also distant from Natura 2000 sites at over 12km from the closest site (Thrislington SAC) and is therefore unlikely to

adversely affect sites in terms of air quality impacts during construction. Regulations

Water Quality The route of the Northern Relief Road will require the construction of a crossing point across the River Wear. Potential for water quality effects during construction phase which could affect River Wear, discharging at Wearmouth near Northumbria SPA. However, specific impacts are

unlikely due to distances involved from potential pollution receptor point to to Wearmouth and Assessment distance of Northumbria Coast SPA / Ramsar from Wearmouth. (1km and 3km).

The route of the Northern Relief Road is underlain by a Secondary A aquifer of variable permeability (The Pennine Middle Coal Measures) This aquifer does not underlay Natura 2000 of sites the

County Hydrology The Northern Relief Road is unlikely to alter surface or groundwater flows linked to Natura 2000 sites

Habitat or The route of the Northern Relief Road will not result in the direct loss of land from Natura 2000 Durham Screening species sites or land considered as functional land in terms of supporting qualifying species. destruction or fragmentation The Mapping Sensitive Areas for Birds Report indicates that the area of land within which the

route of the Western Relief Road would cross is of district importance only and is not likely to Plan

support bird species related to Natura 2000 sites. Furthermore, the area of land within which Opinion the route of the Northern Relief Road would cross is predominantly agricultural and therefore

Preferred unlikely to support qualifying habitats linked to Natura 2000 sites.

The River Wear corridor is considered an important flightpath for North Pennine Moors SPA of

species. However, construction of the relief road is unlikely to affect use or diver routes from Policies

this flightpath. Options 265 E 266 E Habitat

Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Screening Pathway

Regulations Habitat or The route of the Western Relief road is distant from Natura 2000 sites at over 12km from the species closest site (Thrislington SAC) and is unlikely to lead to adverse effects through increased noise

disturbance or light. The Relief road is also unlikely to increase traffic within proximity to Natura 2000 sites Opinion which would be adversely affected by an increase in noise.

Ability to adapt The Northern Relief road will not directly or indirectly restrict the ability of species movement

Assessment to climate in response to climate change or increase climate change related risks to qualifying species of

change through for example, affecting flood water storage. Policies

Furthermore, the habitat types within the area of the proposed Northern Relief Road is different from that found in relevant Natura 2000 sites meaning that there is no opportunity for substitution of loss due to climate change. of the Can the policy / allocation be screened out? Yes

County

Table 43 Policy 10 Student Accommodation

Durham Details Broad Impact Pathway Potential Impact

A site at Mount Oswald, Durham City, as shown on the proposals map is identified Air Quality No specific impact.: distant from Natura 2000 sites

as suitable for purpose-built student accommodation as part of a wider housing and nature of development is unlikely to increase Plan allocation. traffic growth and nitrogen deposition. (i.e. Student's within halls of residence are unlikely to be required

Preferred All proposals for student accommodation will be permitted provided the development: to travel out of the City Centre to access studies)

a. Does not conflict with other relevant policies within the Plan and in particular Water Quality Consideration was given to the cumulative impact Policy 1 (Sustainable Development), Policy 17 (Sustainable Design in the Built of proposed housing growth and student

Environment) and 18 (Local Amenity). accommodation in Durham City on water quality of Options the River Wear which could potentially affect food availability to Northumbria Coast SPA. (capacity of sewage treatment works) However, this potential adverse effect can be screened out given the distance of Northumbria Coast SPA from Wearmouth (over 6km and 19km south respectively) Details Broad Impact Pathway Potential Impact

Hydrology Potential for cumulative adverse effects to Durham Coast SAC if Northumbrian Water Ltd increase

Habitat abstraction from the Magnesian Limestone aquifer to serve housing growth and student acommodation

Habitat or species No specific impact: distant from Natura 2000 sites.

Regulations destruction or fragmentation Durham City is not considered as functional land in terms of alternative feeding, breeding or nesting sites for SPA species. The golf course at Mount Oswald's is also unlikely to support qualifying habitat.

Assessment Habitat or species Nature of development is unlikely to increase disturbance recreational pressure to coastal SAC's and SPA's

Ability to adapt to climate Potential hydrological impacts could increase change severity of climate change risks and weather events i.e. drought conditions. of the Can the policy / allocation be screened out? No

County Table 44 Policy 11: Other Strategic Sites

Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Durham Pathway Screening

In order to meet the housing requirement and distribution set out in Policy 3 (Quantity of Air Quality Housing allocations in the East of the County are

New Development) and Policy 4 (Distribution of Development) the following sites, as likely to increase traffic on roads within 200 metres Plan

shown on the proposals map, have been allocated as Strategic Housing sites: of the following Natura 2000 sites: Opinion

Preferred Strategic Housing Sites Castle Eden Dene SAC

This site is exceeding critical thresholds of nitrogen

Settlement Site Name & Site Area Estimated Deliverability of Allocations Ref (Ha) Yield Timescale deposition therefore any increase in vehicle emissions

Policies

is considered significant. Options Central Durham 267 E 268 E Habitat

Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Screening Pathway

Regulations Settlement Site Name & Site Area Estimated Deliverability In terms of dust emissions, Natural England have set Allocations Ref (Ha) Yield Timescale a buffer of 200 metres from component SSSI's for

determining whether development proposals should Opinion No strategic sites identified be considered in detail by Natural England's Land Use Operations Team. North Durham

Assessment None of the other strategic housing sites allocated of

No strategic sites identified are within 400 metres of Natura 200 sites and as such Policies South Durham it is considered unlikely that dust emissions as a a result of construction will significantly affect Natura Bishop Auckland Auckland Park 16.9 500 Short to Medium 2000 sites.

HA84 of the Woodhouses Farm 24.4 600 Medium to Long Water Quality Housing allocations will need to be phased with HA86

investment in sewage treatment works and any County required upgrade to sewer system capacity in order Crook Land to the rear of 27.3 600 Medium to Long High West Road to protect water quality of water dependant SACs and HA90 SPAs. Housing sites will also need to incorporate

Durham SuDS to ensure that increased run off does not affect Newton Aycliffe Low Copelaw 49.5 950 Medium to Long water quality of watercourses linked to SACs and HA99 SPAs. Sites in proximity to watercourses linked to SACs and SPAs will also be required to ensure the

East Durham

Plan protection of water resources during the construction phase. Peterlee North East Industrial 18.0 500 Medium to Long

Preferred Estate Hydrology Increased abstraction from the River Wear or Tees HA34 to serve housing growth is unlikely to affect flows. The River Wear and Tees are regulated by the presence of Kielder Water; northern Europe's largest

Low Hills 41.6 730 Short to Medium Options man made lake. The Kielder Water Scheme allows HA35 transfers to be made between the major north east catchments and allows water resources to be used West Durham to a fuller extent if and when needed. No strategic sites identified Kielder Water is not Northumbrian Waters only water resource; they also abstract groundwater from the Housing Magnesian Limestone Aquifer in the South of the Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Pathway

a. All sites will incorporate an appropriate mix of house types and tenures to reflect County. The Environment Agency has indicated that

Habitat housing need and market considerations and should include housing for older whilst there is currently water available there will be people and affordable housing in accordance with Policy 30 (Addressing Housing a move towards no water available. Need).

Therefore, groundwater sources may not be a viable Regulations Services long term resource for Northumbrian Water. However this is likely to be counter-balanced against the fact b. New neighbourhood centres will be provided as part of the comprehensive that groundwater, in general, is a more cost effective development at Low Copelaw and Auckland Park. At Low Copelaw this will include water supply since it requires less at least a primary school and local retail provision and at Auckland Park local retail

provision only. treatment and by being located closer to the point of Assessment use minimises infrastructure requirements and Sustainable Design consequently leakage.

c. The sites will deliver attractive, high quality design incorporating sustainable It is therefore recommended that if Northumbrian development principles and adopting sustainable construction methods in Water intend to abstract increased volumes of water

accordance with Policy 1 (Sustainable Development) and Policy 17 (Sustainable from the aquifer to supply the housing development of Design in the Built Environment); and, that could occur in the south of County Durham, they the liaise very closely with the Environment Agency and

d. The density of housing across the sites will vary in relation to the proximity of facilities Natural England concerning the potential implications County and bus routes in accordance with Policy 35 (Density of Residential Development). of doing so, to avoid upsetting the current balance and causing environmental degradation. Potential to affect hydrology of Durham Coast SAC

Durham Transport Screening

e. All sites will incorporate bus, pedestrian and cycle routes within, and connecting Habitat or species Direct Land Take to, adjoining facilities. A Transport Management Plan for each site will also be destruction or

Plan required to ensure that reliance on the private car is reduced and to mitigate the fragmentation None of the housing allocations will result in the direct

impact of increased traffic in accordance with Policy 47 (Promoting Sustainable land take from Natura 2000 sites. Furthermore, none Opinion

Travel). of the sites allocated are indicated by the Mapping Preferred Sensitive Areas for Birds Report as being of potential Green Infrastructure as functional land to support qualifying SPA species.

The allocations would largely result in the loss of of

f. The sites will incorporate an interconnected network of good-quality, multi functional lowland agricultural land which is unlikely to support Policies

Options green infrastructure including an adequate supply of different types of open space, qualifying habitat linked to upland or coastal sites. in accordance with Policy 20 (Green Infrastructure). An appropriate and enhanced landscape structure with clearly defined boundaries will also be developed. Invasive Species 269 E 270 E Habitat

Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Screening Pathway

Regulations Regeneration Housing growth in the East of the County is unlikely to affect coastal sites as a number of local wildlife

g. The development of Low Hills, Peterlee will be expected to provide funding to enable sites buffer the coastal SAC's and SPAs and are Opinion the redevelopment of North East Industrial Estate. subject to management for invasive species. Thrislington SAC and Castle Eden Dene SAC also

have management plans in place to control invasive

Assessment species. of

Policies Predatory species

None of the sites are within 400 metres (approximate

roaming distance of cats) of SPA's. The presence of of the Durham Coast Line also provides a barrier to the SPA's in the East of the County.

County Increased Recreational Pressure

An increase in housing growth in all parts of the

Durham County in combination with an increase in tourism over the County Durham Plan Period may adversely affect SAC's and SPA's as a result of increased trampling of habitat.

Plan

Habitat or species Increased Recreational Pressure

Preferred disturbance An increase in housing growth in all parts of the County in combination with an increase in tourism over the County Durham Plan period may adversely

Options affect qualifying species of upland and coastal SPAs by means of disturbance.

Ability to adapt to Potential for housing allocations to increase severity climate change of climate change effects if increased abstraction from the Magnesian Limestone aquifer depletes groundwater resources required by Durham Coast SAC. Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Pathway

None of the sites allocated will contribute to coastal

Habitat squeeze as all site allocations in the East of the County are outside of the coastal zone.

Regulations Can the policy / allocation be screened out? No

Table 45 Policy 12: Executive Housing

Details Broad Impact Pathway Potential Impact

Assessment In order to meet an identified need for executive housing Air Quality No specific impact: development may increase traffic on the A1, but not and to encourage economic growth in County Durham, likely to have an adverse impact on Thrislington SAC due to distance (A1 land at Lambton Park Estate, as shown on the proposals over 0.2km from site) and direction of prevailing wind. map, is allocated for Development of the Lambton Park Estate (Chester-le-Street) is unlikely of development. to increase traffic on A19 southbound past Castle Eden Dene SAC due the to relative proximity to A1 (M). Within this location, the development of housing will be

County permitted providing that the scheme: Water Quality Consideration was given to the impact of proposed housing growth in a. Is of a very low density of no more than 6 dwellings Durham City on water quality of the River Wear which could potentially

per hectare; affect food availability to Northumbria Coast SPA. (capacity of sewage Durham Screening treatment works) However, this potential adverse effect can be screened b. Provides for generous private grounds (at least 0.1 ha out given the distance of Northumbria Coast SPA from Wearmouth (over per dwelling). Future intensification of plots will not be 6km and 19km south respectively)

permitted; Plan

Hydrology Potential for cumulative adverse effects to Durham Coast SAC if Opinion c. Consists solely of large units of at least 275sqm of Northumbrian Water Ltd increase abstraction from the Magnesian

Preferred floorspace; and Limestone aquifer to serve housing growth.

d. Is of a high quality of design and specification. Habitat or species destruction or No specific impact: distant from Natura 2000 sites. Lambton Parke Estate fragmentation is not considered as functional land in terms of alternative feeding, breeding of

Policies

Housing which does not accord with all of the criteria or nesting sites for SPA species. The historic parkland is also unlikely to Options above may be permitted providing it enhances the quality support qualifying habitat. of the overall scheme and 271 E 272 E Habitat

Details Broad Impact Pathway Potential Impact Screening

has clear urban design justification. Habitat or species disturbance Potential for development of Lambton Park to cumulatively increase

Regulations recreational pressure to coastal SACs and SPAs. The development of the site will reflect the principles of

development as set out in the Lambton Park Estate Ability to adapt to climate change Potential hydrological impacts could increase severity of climate change Opinion Supplementary Planning risks and weather events i.e. drought conditions.

Document that accompanies this Plan. In order to secure

Assessment Lambton Park Estate for future generations, the developer of

of the executive housing will, through a Section 106 Policies agreement, be required to contribute funds to enable the restoration and maintenance of the Estate's grounds and buildings. of the Can the policy / allocation be screened out? No

County Table 46 Policy 13: Green Belt

Details Broad Impact Pathway Potential Impact Durham

Within the Green Belt, as shown on the proposals map, the construction Air Quality No significant impact: restrictive policy which of new buildings will be regarded as inappropriate and will not be seeks to protect the Green Belt from

permitted. Exceptions to this are: inappropriate forms of development. Plan

a. Buildings necessary for the purposes of agriculture or forestry;

Preferred Water Quality As Above b. Essential facilities for outdoor sport and recreation, for cemeteries, and for other uses of land which preserve the openness of the Hydrology As Above Green Belt and does not conflict with with the purposes of Habitat or species destruction or fragmentation As Above including land within it; Options

c. Limited and proportionate extensions or alterations to a building; Habitat or species disturbance As Above Ability to adapt to climate change As Above d. Replacement of an existing building for the same use and of the same size as the one it replaces; Details Broad Impact Pathway Potential Impact

e. Limited infilling in villages for affordable housing in accordance with Policy 31(Addressing Housing Need); Habitat f. Limited infilling or redevelopment of existing major developed sites; and

Regulations g. Limited infilling or the partial or complete redevelopment of previously developed land which would not have a greater impact on the openness of the Green Belt.

Other forms of development which may be appropriate in the Green Assessment Belt, providing they preserve the openness and do not conflict with its purpose include:

h. Mineral extraction;

i. Engineering operations; of the j. Transport Infrastructure;

County k. The re-use or conversion of an existing building which is permanent and of substantial construction; and

Durham l. Development brought through a Community Right to Build Order. Screening

m. Renewable energy projects will only be permitted where very special circumstances are demonstrated.

Plan

Opinion

Preferred Waste development within the Green Belt will not be permitted unless it would preserve the openness of the Green Belt. Development at existing sites will only be permitted where it would not affect visual

amenity or delay reclamation and where it would not conflict with the of

purposes of the Green Belt. The re-use, alteration, extension or Policies

Options replacement of an existing building as part of a waste development in 273 E 274 E Habitat

Details Broad Impact Pathway Potential Impact Screening

the Green Belt will only be permitted where this would not result in

Regulations disproportionate additions and where replacement buildings are in the same use and not materially

Opinion

Can the policy / allocation be screened out? Yes

Assessment of

Table 47 Policy 14: Major Developed Sites in the Green Belt Policies

Details Broad Impact Pathway Potential Impact

Limited Infilling at Major Air Quality No specific impact: additional infill development may increase traffic on the A1, but not likely to have of Developed Sites in the Green Belt, an adverse impact on Thrislington SAC due to distance (A1 over 0.2km from site) and direction of the as shown on the Proposals Map, prevailing wind. will be permitted provided:

County Development in the Green Belt is unlikely to increase traffic on A19 northbound past Castle Eden a. It has no greater impact on Dene SAC due to relative proximity of the Green Belt to A1 (M). the openness of the Green

Belt than the existing or Durham permitted development; Water Quality Consideration was given to the impact of additional infilling of major developed sites in the Green Belt on water quality of the River Wear which could potentially affect food availability to Northumbria b. It does not exceed the Coast SPA. (capacity of sewage treatment works) However, this potential adverse effect can be

height of existing or screened out given the distance of Northumbria Coast SPA from Wearmouth (over 6km and 19km Plan permitted buildings; and south respectively)

Preferred c. It does not lead to a major Hydrology Potential for adverse effects to Durham Coast SAC if Northumbrian Water Ltd increase abstraction increase in the developed from the Magnesian Limestone aquifer to serve housing growth and any additional infilling proportion of the site. developments. Habitat or species destruction No specific impact: distant from Natura 2000 sites. The Green Belt is not considered as functional

Options The complete or partial or fragmentation land in terms of alternative feeding, breeding or nesting sites for SPA species. The lowland agricultural redevelopment of major nature of the major developed sites selected are also unlikely to support qualifying habitat. developed sites in the Green Belt will be permitted provided that: Habitat or species disturbance Potential for infill development in the Green Belt to cumulatively increase recreational pressure to coastal SACs and SPAs. d. It has no greater, and where Ability to adapt to climate Potential hydrological impacts could increase severity of climate change risks and weather events possible has less, impact change i.e. drought conditions. than the existing Details Broad Impact Pathway Potential Impact

development on the openness of the Green Belt

Habitat and the purposes of including land in it;

e. It contributes to the Regulations achievement of the objectives for the use of land in Green Belts;

f. Does not exceed the height

Assessment of the existing buildings; and

g. It does not occupy a larger area of the site than the existing buildings. of

Can the policy / allocation be No the screened out?

County Table 48 Policy 15: Neighbourhood Plans and Neighbourhood Infrastructure

Durham Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Screening Pathway

The Council will work with town and parish councils and Air Quality Due uncertainties regarding size, type, and location of allocations and infrastructure,

Plan neighbourhood forums to develop and adopt there is the potential for new development to generate traffic and contribute cumulatively

Neighbourhood Plans in accordance with the to air quality impacts on Natura 2000 sites. Depending on type and location of allocation Opinion

Regulations. there is also the potential for adverse impacts as a result of dust emissions to SACs and Preferred SPA's.

Water Quality Due uncertainties regarding size, type, and location of allocations and infrastructure, of

there is the potential for new development as a result of neighbourhood plan proposals Policies

Options 275 E 276 E Habitat

Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Screening Pathway

Regulations Additionally, the Council will help forums to identify local to increase storm water and normal runoff infiltration rates that transport pollutants to infrastructure requirements and projects that can be surface waters and increasing pressure on sewerage systems. Potential cumulative

funded by the Community Infrastructure Levy, in adverse effects to water dependent Natura 2000 sites. Opinion consultation with the appropriate Council Area Action Partnership. Hydrology May require increased drinking water abstraction from the Magnesian Limestone aquifer

to serve neighbourhood plan proposals. Potential for cumulative adverse impacts to

Assessment Durham Coast SAC of

Policies Neighbourhood Plans must reflect the spatial approach Habitat or species Due to uncertainties regarding size, type, and location of allocations and infrastructure, and strategic policies of the County Durham Plan but destruction or there is the potential for adverse effects if proposals were to result in either the direct may identify further sites and allocations, including fragmentation loss of land from a SAC or SPA or loss of functional land. Proposals may also increase risk of adverse impact from invasive and / or predatory species.

housing allocations of less than 1.5 hectares, that accord of with the relevant policies of this Plan. the Habitat or species Due to uncertainties regarding size, type, and location of allocations and infrastructure, disturbance there is the potential for cumulative adverse effects if proposals were to increase

County disturbance as a result of recreational pressure and / or increased noise.

Ability to adapt to Potential for adverse effects listed above could increase severity of impacts as a result

climate change of climate change and may not serve to build capacity for species to adapt to climate Durham change effects. Potential also for proposals to contribute to coastal squeeze.

Can the policy / allocation be screened out? No

Plan

Preferred

Options E.1 General Development Principles

Table 49 Policy 16: Development on Unallocated Sites

Habitat Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Pathway

(134)

All new development on sites that are not Air Quality This policy requires development to be compatible with adjacent sites and land uses (f) and to Regulations allocated in the County Durham Plan or in a be in accordance with the Sustainable Development principles and policies of the Plan. Neighbourhood Plan, will be permitted provided the development: As set out in Policy 1: Sustainable Development, all development proposals, from design through a. Is appropriate in scale, design, location to the to implementation will be considered against their ability to: character and function of the settlement;

Protect, maintain and enhance the County’s biodiversity and geodiversity. Avoid negative Assessment b. Helps to consolidate the built form of the impacts on important biodiversity resources and actively enhance the biodiversity settlement; resource,ensuring that development contributes to a net gain in the County including the connectivity and creation of habitats; c. Helps support or improve the sustainability of an area; As a result, the implementation of both policies should ensure that due consideration is given

to the individual and in-combination impact of development proposals that come forward over of the County Durham Plan period on all possible impact pathways to Natura 2000 sites d. Does not result in the merging or coalescence the of settlements;

County Water Quality As above but with additional protection that this policy affords in terms of ensuring that all new e. Does not result in the loss of an 'asset of development includes satisfactory arrangements for disposing foul and surface water discharge community value' without having been through (g). the correct procedure;

Durham Screening Hydrology As above f. Is compatible with adjacent sites and land uses, ensuring adequate standards of amenity for Habitat or As above existing and future occupiers; species Plan

destruction or Opinion g. Includes satisfactory arrangements for disposing fragmentation

Preferred foul and surface water discharge; Habitat or As above

h. Includes appropriate provision for vehicle access species of and parking; disturbance

Policies

Options

134 Including retail, office and industrial uses with floorspace of less than 1,000sqm 277 E 278 E Habitat

Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Screening Pathway

Regulations i. Includes satisfactory arrangements for Ability to adapt As above remediating contamination and ensuring the site to climate

and any existing buildings are stable; and change Opinion

j. Is in accord with the Sustainable Development

Principles and policies of the Plan.

Assessment of

Policies Can the policy / allocation be screened out? Yes

Table 50 Policy 17: Sustainable Design in the Built Environment of the Details Broad Potential Impact

Impact County Pathway

A high standard of sustainable design is required in all new developments, including extensions, Air No specific impact. This policy sets out all the design

Durham alterations and changes of use of existing buildings. Development is expected to aim for zero carbon Quality criteria that new development is expected to emission standards and create a strong sense of place through drawing on the local context and incorporate in order to maximise sustainable being complementary to the locality. development.

Plan Applications for major Major development is defined as comprising 10 or more dwellings or 1000m2 Development will be required to protect, maintain and of employment floorspace, or 2,500m2 of retail floorspace (see GPDO (2006, as amended), and enhance biodiversity and avoid negative impacts on NPPF new development must be accompanied by a full Code for Sustainable Homes assessment important biodiversity resources (f and m) and should

Preferred and appropriate information to demonstrate how proposals will make a positive contribution to the result in positive effects. character and sustainability of County Durham. Applications will be expected to refer to the Building for Life standards and criteria. Development proposals will be permitted where they: Water As above

Options BUILDINGS Quality

a. Contribute positively to an area’s character and identity, creating and reinforcing local distinctive Hydrology As above sustainable communities; Habitat As above b. Deliver a coherently structured, integrated and sustainable built form that clearly defines public or and private space; species destruction Details Broad Potential Impact Impact Pathway

Habitat c. Respond positively to the existing townscape and landscape features in terms of building layouts, or built form, height, mass, scale, building line, plot size, elevational treatment, materials, streetscape fragmentation and rooflines to effectively integrate the building into its setting; Habitat As above

Regulations d. Maximise opportunities for sustainable construction techniques and minimise emissions in or construction and use by minimising energy (through orientation and solar optimisation), using energy species efficiently and by using renewable and low carbon energy (following the Energy Hierarchy); disturbance

e. Ensure all major development All new development over 10 dwellings or 1000 sqM of Ability to As above

non-residential floorspace, or 2,500 sqM of retail floorspace connects to an existing or approved adapt to Assessment district heating scheme, where viable opportunities exist. Where opportunities have been identified climate for the construction of a new district heating network, developers will be required to work with the change Council and partners in order to deliver the network.

F. Achieve the relevant national Code for Sustainable Homes compliance standard for residential

development, and BREEAM compliance standard for commercial development, or any successor, of (excluding energy/CO2 elements), as a minimum, for all major development All new development the over 10 dwellings or 1000 sqM of non-residential floorspace, or 2,500 sqM of retail floorspace unless

the Local Planning Authority is satisfied that the application demonstrates the requirement would not County be technically or financially viable.

g. From 2016, contribute positively to the provision of a County Durham 'Allowable Solutions Fund'

Durham Screening h. Utilise renewable and low carbon technologies as the main heating source in all new development in off gas areas, where connection to the gas network is unviable;

Plan i. Contribute to the resilience of buildings and communities in the face of climate change impacts;

Opinion

j. Safeguard the residential amenity of existing and future occupiers in new development; Preferred

k. Promote diversity and choice through the delivery of a balanced mix of compatible buildings,

tenures and uses; of

Policies

Options l. Create buildings and spaces that are adaptable to changing social, technological, economic and environmental conditions; 279 E 280 E Habitat

Details Broad Potential Impact Screening Impact

Pathway Regulations

m. Use high standards of local and sustainable building materials, finishes and landscaping including

the provision of street furniture and public art where appropriate; Opinion

PLACES AND SPACES

Assessment n. Promote accessibility and permeability by creating places that connect with each other and are of

easy to move through. Ensure that the public realm, including new roads and other rights of way, Policies are safe, attractive and distinctively designed;

o. Ensure that new development is legible through the provision of recognisable and understandable places, routes, intersections and points of reference, by design and the use of varied surface finishes; of the p. Are sympathetic to and conserve historic buildings and historic landscapes;

County q. Include sensitively designed adverts and signage which are appropriate and sympathetic to their local setting by means of scale, design, lighting and materials;

Durham r. Ensure space is multifunctional and where appropriate includes provision for SUDS, shading and leisure activities. The use of green and brown roofs will be encouraged;

s. Deliver places and spaces that promote health and well being for existing and future users;

Plan t. Incorporate design measures to reduce any actual or perceived opportunities for crime or anti social behaviour.

Preferred

Can the policy / allocation be screened out? Yes

Options Table 51 Policy 18: Local Amenity

Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Pathway Habitat In order to protect the amenity of people living and working in the vicinity of a proposed Air Quality There is no mechanism by which this policy could development, permission will not be granted for development proposals which would lead to adverse effects since this is an overall positive have a significant adverse impact on amenity, by way of noise, overlooking, privacy, policy associated with protection of social amenity.

Regulations vibration, odour, fumes/emissions, light pollution and loss of light, and visual intrusion. Policy 19. (Air and Light Pollution) considers the potential impacts of air and light pollution as a result of development on environmental receptors

Water Quality As above

Assessment Hydrology As above

Habitat or species As above destruction or fragmentation of Habitat or species As above the disturbance

County Ability to adapt to As above climate change

Can the policy / allocation be screened out? Yes Durham Screening

Table 52 Air Quality and Light Pollution Policy

Plan Details Broad Impact Potential Impact

Pathway Opinion

Preferred Air Quality Air Quality The implementation of this policy should ensure that development proposals that are likely to increase air pollution in the vicinity of a Natura 2000 site, either directly or indirectly, through

Planning applications for development which have the for example, an increase in vehicular traffic, are screened and where required, undertake of

potential to lead to a significant deterioration in air appropriate assessment in order to determine the likely impacts on qualifying species and Policies

Options quality should be accompanied by an assessment of habitats of site(s) in question. the likely impact of the development on air quality and sensitive receptor habitats/species. In areas of poor 281 E 282 E Habitat

Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Screening Pathway

Regulations air quality, proposals for development which may be This policy is particularly key to ensuring development proposals that come forward over the sensitive to air pollution will be required to demonstrate County Durham Plan period are given due consideration in respect of impact to Natura 2000

appropriate mitigating design solutions to reduce the sites that are currently exceeding or close to exceeding critical air quality thresholds for certain Opinion adverse impacts to acceptable levels. pollutants.

Residential development proposals within areas that

Assessment are currently exposed to air quality concentrations Water Quality No specific effects of

above the National Air Quality Strategy (NAQS) Policies objectives should take into account the need to reduce Hydrology No specific effects exposure by the following design mitigation hierarchy: Habitat or Ensuring that development proposals are duly considered in respect of their impact on air quality species and respective effect on Natura 2000 sites will help to prevent further deterioration of habitat

a. Separation by distance; of destruction or and decline in species, particularly where Natura 2000 sites are currently exceeding critical the b. External Layout; fragmentation thresholds for certain air pollutants.

County c. Internal Layout; and Habitat or Ensuring that development proposals are considered for their impact on areas important for species nature conservation in respect of light pollution levels will ensure that potential adverse effects disturbance to qualifying species are avoided. d. Suitable Ventilation

Durham Ability to adapt Reducing air quality impacts and sources of harm not directly linked to climate change will to climate contribute towards enabling and ensuring adaptation of species to climate change. Light Pollution change

Plan All development will be expected to minimise light pollution. Planning applications for development with

the potential to result in significant light pollution should Preferred be accompanied by an assessment of the likely impact to show that the lighting scheme is the minimum necessary for functional or security purposes and that it minimises potential pollution from glare and spillage.

Options Particular attention will be paid to schemes in the North Pennines AONB, in or close to open countryside, close to residential properties, or to areas or features important for nature conservation. Proposals for new lighting on existing developments or to illuminate existing facilities, where permission is required, will be subject to the same considerations. Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Pathway

Can the policy / allocation be screened out? Yes Habitat Table 53 Policy 13: Green Infrastructure

Regulations Details Broad Potential Impact Impact Pathway

Development will be expected to conserve, and where possible improve and extend, the County’s Air Positive effects identified: green infrastructure network. Quality

Assessment Protection and enhancement of green infrastructure New housing development will be required to entail the provision of sufficient green infrastructure to will increase absorption of pollutants from the air meet the County open space quantity standards, calculated according to the expected number of through leaf uptake and contact removal. Potential new residents. Development proposals will be permitted where they support the following standards positive effects to Natura 2000 sites reaching or of open space provision: exceeding critical thresholds in certain air pollutants of For each 1000 people, there should be 5.2 ha of public open space, comprising: the 1ha parks and gardens Ensuring that development protects existing PROW

County 1ha amenity open space and that major developments link with the PROW 1ha sports grounds (of which 0.7 ha should be sports pitches and 0.3ha paths, verges, etc.) network will protect and promote opportunity for 1ha semi-natural open space greener modes of travel, reducing travel related

emissions to air.Potential positive effects to Natura Durham 1ha allotments Screening 2000 sites reaching or exceeding critical thresholds in 0.2ha equipped children’s or young people’s play space. certain air pollutants Development proposals that would result in the loss of existing public open space will only be permitted

Plan where:

Water Positive effects identified: Opinion Quality

Preferred a. the open space does not have a significant recreational, biodiversity or townscape value; Protection and provision of green infrastructure will protect and possibly increase current storm water and b. it would not lead to, or exacerbate, a deficiency in open space provision according to the standards

normal runoff infiltration rates, helping to prevent set out above; and/or of pollutants from being transported to surface waters

Policies

and reducing pressure on sewerage systems. Potential Options c. a compensatory amount of open space can be provided in the local area. positive effects to water dependent Natura 2000 sites. 283 E 284 E Habitat

Details Broad Potential Impact Screening Impact

Pathway Regulations

Development will be expected to maintain and improve the permeability of the built environment and Hydrology Positive effects identified:

access to the countryside for pedestrians, cyclists and horse riders. Proposals that would result in Opinion the loss of, or deterioration in the quality of, existing public rights of way (PROWs) will not be permitted The natural infiltration capabilities of green unless equivalent alternative provision is made. Where diversions are required, new routes should infrastructure can also improve the rate at which

be direct, convenient and attractive. groundwater aquifers are replenished.Potential positive

Assessment effects to water dependent Natura 2000 sites. of

Quality of green infrastructure in new development Policies

All new development should incorporate new green infrastructure. This should be shown on layout Habitat Potential for negative effects if the type and design of plans from the start of the planning process and should demonstrate connectivity, multifunctionality, or green infrastructure within proximity to Natura 2000 species sites is not compatible with qualifying habitats or high quality of place, and appropriateness to context. of destruction species and if the provision of green infrastructure the Major housing or mixed-use developments (135) will be required to incorporate a network of or indirectly increases recreational pressure to sites.

multifunctional routes for cyclists and pedestrians which connect to the wider access and rights of fragmentation Further potential for negative effects if alternative / County way network. These should use trees and other green infrastructure to improve their attractiveness diversion of PROW increases recreational pressure to and amenity. sites.

Durham Major housing or mixed-use developments will be required to plan positively for biodiversity. All such Policy does not make reference to SANG's in respect developments should create new Durham Biodiversity Action Plan (DBAP) habitats or encourage of offsetting recreational pressure. DBAP species, commensurate with their size. Any landscaping scheme will be required to incorporate native species which can make a contribution towards the local ecological networks and local DBAP

Plan habitats. Habitat Potential for negative effects if the type and design of or green infrastructure within proximity to Natura 2000 species sites is not compatible with qualifying habitats or Where development entails the creation of new streets, street trees (trees on verges or pavements) Preferred will be required on each new street, unless this can be shown to be impracticable. disturbance species and if the provision of green infrastructure indirectly increases recreational pressure to sites. Developer contributions for green infrastructure/open space in new development Further potential for negative effects if alternative / diversion of PROW increases recreational pressure to

Options sites. Developers may provide green infrastructure within new development by: Policy does not make reference to SANG's in respect a) Providing new green infrastructure on the development site. of offsetting recreational pressure. b) Providing new, or improving existing, green infrastructure near to the site through planning obligations.

135 Major development is defined as comprising 10 or more dwellings or 1000m2 of employment floorspace (see GPDO (2006, as amended Details Broad Potential Impact Impact Pathway

Habitat c) a combination of a) - b) above. Ability to Potential for negative effects if the type of green adapt to infrastructure within proximity to Natura 2000 sites is Where all or part of the required green infrastructure is provided via planning obligations, the costs climate not compatible with qualifying habitats or species

payable will be calculated by determining the likely cost to the local authority of providing the required change thereby reducing the ability for species migration in Regulations area of open space, less the amount provided in kind by the developer. response to climate change.

Where new open spaces are provided, the Council will expect the developer to maintain them for a period of 12 months following practical completion. Following this, the Council will be prepared to adopt the land, providing it meets the expected standard. A commuted sum for maintenance, calculated

on the basis of typical maintenance costs per square metre for a 25 year period, will be payable. Assessment Alternatively, the developer may make arrangements for the land to be maintained by a body other than the Council.

Can the policy / allocation be screened out? No (wording changes suggested) of

the Table 54 Policy 21: Renewable Energy Development

County Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Pathway

Renewable energy development will be supported in order to achieve targets for new Air Quality Policy stipulates that development proposals for the Durham Screening electricity generating capacity and CO2 reduction. In determining planning applications generation of renewable energy will not be granted for such projects significant weight will be given to the achievement of wider environmental where there would be significant harm to the ecology and economic benefits. of the area, in particular international wildlife sites.

As a result there is no mechanism by which this policy Plan

Development proposals for the generation of renewable energy will be granted unless: could lead to adverse effects as the impact of Opinion schemes on Natura 2000 sites and all potential

Preferred a. There would be significant harm to the visual appearance and character of the area; impact pathways will be given due consideration.

b. There would be significant harm to the amenity of local residents in accordance Water Quality As above of

with Policy 18 (Local Amenity); Policies

Hydrology As above Options 285 E 286 E Habitat

Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Screening Pathway

Regulations c. There would be significant harm to the ecology of the area, in particular important Habitat or species As above international, national and local wildlife sites; or destruction or

fragmentation Opinion d. There would be significant adverse impacts on airport radar and telecommunications systems. Habitat or species As above

disturbance

Assessment of

Proposals should include details of associated developments including access roads, Ability to adapt to As above Policies transmission lines, pylons and other ancillary buildings. Planning applications will also climate change need to include a satisfactory scheme to restore the site to a quality of at least its original condition once operations have ceased. of the Can the policy / allocation be screened out? Yes

County Table 55 Policy 22: Wind Turbine Development

Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Durham Pathway

Planning permission will be granted for the development of wind turbines, unless: Air Quality No specific effect

Plan a. There would be significant harm, individually or cumulatively, to the amenity of Water Quality Policy stipulates that development proposals for wind occupiers of residential properties or residential areas, due to noise, traffic, or visual turbine development will not be granted where there

Preferred intrusion (in accordance with Policy 18 (Local Amenity); would be significant harm individually or cumulatively to important species or habitats. As a result there is b. Any proposed wind turbines would be located within a minimum separation distance no mechanism by which this policy could lead to of 6 times the turbine height of a residential property or community facility; adverse effects as the impact of schemes on Natura

2000 sites and all possible forms of impact pathway Options c. Any proposed wind turbine would be located within a minimum separation distance will be given due consideration. of 10 times the turbine’s rotor blade diameter of a dwelling house, work place or community facility susceptible to shadow flicker; Hydrology As above

d. There would be significant harm individually or cumulatively to important species Habitat or species As above or habitats; destruction or fragmentation Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Pathway

e. There would be a significant adverse visual impact individually or cumulatively on Habitat or species As above

Habitat character of the landscape; disturbance

f. There would be a significant adverse impact on airport radar systems; Ability to adapt to As above climate change

Regulations g. There would be a significant adverse impact on TV Reception, communications Links or telecommunications systems;

h. There would be a significant impact on the World Heritage Site, or other designated Heritage Asset or their settings; or

Assessment i. Any proposed wind turbines are located within topple distance of a public highway or if its blades would over-sweep a public right of way.

If turbines are to be sited in locations which contravene the above standards; the developer

of will be required to demonstrate that the impacts would be acceptable. the Wind Turbine Development affecting the North Pennines Area of Outstanding

County Natural Beauty (AONB)

There will be a presumption against commercial scale wind farm development in the North Pennines AONB. Developments involving more than one turbine, or turbines with

Durham a hub height of over 25m, will not be permitted. Screening

Small scale wind development within the AONB will be permitted provided that its impacts on the environment are acceptable and its installed capacity is commensurate with the

Plan needs of the property or business. Development outside of the AONB which has a

substantial impact on interior views within the AONB, or important views of the AONB, Opinion

Preferred will not be permitted. Development affecting the Yorkshire Dales National Park will be subject to the same considerations.

of

Can the policy / allocation be screened out? Yes Policies

Options 287 E 288 E Habitat

E.2 Prosperous Economy Screening

Table 56 Policy 23: General Employment Sites Policy

Regulations

Details Broad Potential Impact

Impact Opinion Pathway

Employment Allocations Air Employment Allocations

Assessment Quality of

Undeveloped land and plots at the following existing employment Potential for new employment development associated with this policy to increase traffic Policies sites and at proposed extensions to these existing employment sites, levels along strategic transport routes (e.g. A1 & A19) and local roads in West Durham. as shown on the proposals map, are allocated for B1 (Business), B2 Therefore there is the potential for this policy to have an adverse impact on Natura 2000 (General Industrial) and B8 (Storage and Distribution). See policy for sites in relation to air quality. Adverse impact increased traffic levels on the A1 in relation

specific allocations. to Thrislington SAC was considered but ruled out due to distance (over 0.2km from A1) of and prevailing wind direction. the Development of Employment Sites for Other Uses

Development of Employment Sites for Other Uses and Other Existing General County (136) Development for non employment uses on employment Employment Sites allocations or existing protected employment sites (see policy for list of sites) will not be permitted unless: No significant impact in terms of development of employment sites for other uses and

Durham other existing sites as proposals will only be permitted if they comply with other relevant a. The land or building is no longer physically suitable for Local Plan policies (e.g. International Wildlife Sites policy which requires any development employment uses and there is no realistic prospect of re-use likely to have an adverse impact on Natura 2000 sites to be subject to Appropriate or redevelopment for such uses; Assessment).

Plan a. There is documented evidence of unsuccessful active marketing Water Employment Allocations for employment use with at least one recognised commercial Preferred agent at local market rent levels, over a continuous period of Quality at least 18 months; New development associated with this policy is unlikely to impact upon Natura 2000 sites through water quality providing surface water quality run off and foul water outputs a. The non-employment use cannot be accommodated on an are within capacity of collection and treatment systems in times of flood. New

Options alternative sites within the market area; development will need to be served by adequate sewage treatment, drainage and sewer network infrastructure to ensure that discharges to water resources serving Natura 2000 sites or to the sites themselves do not adversely affect qualifying habitats and species and pressure on drainage and the sewer network does not increase.

136 Development for non employment uses is uses other then Business (B1), General Industrial Use (B2) or Storage and Distribution (B8) Details Broad Potential Impact Impact Pathway

Habitat b. The non-employment use would be ancillary to the main Development of Employment Sites for Other Uses and Other Existing General employment use of the site; and Employment Sites

c. The non-employment use represents a use which can directly No significant impact In terms of development of employment sites for other uses and Regulations support the functioning of the site for employment purposes other existing sites as proposals will only be permitted if they comply with other relevant and does not prejudice the future development and extension Local Plan policies (e.g. International Wildlife Sites policy which requires any development of existing uses. likely to have an adverse impact on Natura 2000 sites to be subject to Appropriate Assessment).

Any new development for employment purposes on employment Assessment allocations or existing protected employment sites must comply with Hydrology Employment Allocations the criteria set out in Policy 1 (Sustainable Development), Policy 18 (Local Amenity) and other relevant policies within the Plan and any Increased surface water run off: Overall this will not substantially contribute to an increase existing jobs located on the site must be suitably relocated. in hardstanding and redistribution of rainfall and drainage patterns as development would be involve either redevelopment/ in filling of existing industrial estates. The more extensive development proposed (i.e. extensions) at Meadowfield, Durham Green, Newton Aycliffe, Other Existing General Employment Sites of and Hawthorn is likely to make a more significant contribution to an increased the For those existing employment sites not identified, planning concentration of hardstanding. However, these sites are unlikely to affect water dependent

permission will be granted for non-employment uses where it can be Natura 2000 sites (i.e. Durham Coast SAC, Northumbria Coast SPA/ EMS/ Ramsar and County satisfactorily demonstrated that redevelopment of the site would be Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast SPA/ EMS/ Ramsar) due to distance. consistent with other relevant policies in the Plan and any existing jobs located on the site are suitably relocated. Increased abstraction: Potential for adverse effects to Durham Coast SAC if Northumbrian

Durham Water Ltd increase abstraction from the Magnesian Limestone aquifer to serve Screening employment allocations.

Development of Employment Sites for Other Uses and Other Existing General

Plan Employment Sites

Opinion

In terms of development of employment sites for other uses and other existing site Preferred proposals these will only be permitted if they comply with other relevant Local Plan policies (e.g. International Wildlife Sites policy which requires any development likely to

have an adverse impact on Natura 2000 sites to be subject to Appropriate Assessment). of

Policies

Options Habitat Employment Allocations or 289 E 290 E Habitat

Details Broad Potential Impact Screening Impact

Pathway Regulations

species No significant impact: Due to location (i.e. No direct land take), distance, and type of

destruction development (i.e. no recreational pressure). Consideration to loss of functional land at Opinion or Peterlee industrial estates, Hawthorn, Seaview, Fox Cover, and Eastgate was given but fragmentation thought to be insignficant:

Assessment The Birds Study demonstrates that qualifying species to the coastal Natura 2000 of

sites do not use the land at the employment allocation sites Policies The scale of potential development in the West is not significant and there is an abundance of suitable habitat in the North Pennines for qualifying SPA species.

Development of Employment Sites for Other Uses and Other Existing General of Employment Sites the

In terms of development of employment sites for other uses and other existing sites, County these will only be permitted if they comply with other relevant Local Plan policies (e.g. International Wildlife Sites policy which requires any development likely to have an adverse impact on Natura 2000 sites to be subject to Appropriate Assessment).

Durham

Habitat No significant impact: As above. Moreover, the scale and massing of development (i.e. or Light industrial estates) is unlikely to disrupt important flight paths for qualifying species.

Plan species disturbance

Preferred Ability to Employment Allocations adapt to climate No significant impact: development is unlikely to restrict movement of species for which change the SAC, SPA, and Ramsar sites have been designated. This is primarily due to the fact

Options that development is primarily related to limited infilling of existing industrial estates. However, potential hydrological impacts could increase severity of climate change risks and weather events i.e. drought conditions.

Development of Employment Sites for Other Uses and Other Existing General Employment Sites Details Broad Potential Impact Impact Pathway

Habitat In terms of development of employment sites for other uses and other existing site proposals these will only be permitted if they comply with other relevant Local Plan policies (e.g. International Wildlife Sites policy which requires any development likely to

have an adverse impact on Natura 2000 sites to be subject to Appropriate Assessment). Regulations

Can the policy / allocation be screened out? No

Table 57 Policy 24: Specific Use Employment Sites - Tursdale

Assessment Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Pathway

Tursdale: Major rail freight interchange providing Air Quality No specific impact - due to distance from A1 and ECML to Thrislington SAC. rail linked distribution warehousing with direct of motorway access. This is a large site, approximately Water Quality Not connected to water courses serving Natura 2000 sites. Unlikely to impact upon groundwater the 144ha in total. quality.

County Hydrology Unlikely to require increased abstraction of water

Habitat or species No specific impact - distant from Natura 2000 sites. Bowburn is not considered as functional

destruction or land in terms of alternative feeding, breeding or nesting sites for SPA species, therefore there Durham fragmentation is no likely impact. Screening

Habitat or species No specific impact - distant from Natura 2000 sites and flightpaths disturbance

Plan

Ability to adapt to No specific impact - distant from Natura 2000 sites and development in Bowburn is unlikely to Opinion

Preferred climate change restrict movement of qualifying species/ habitat.

Can the policy / allocation be screened out? Yes

of

Policies

Options 291 E 292 E Habitat

Table 58 : Policy 24:Specific Use Employment Sites - Newton Park Screening

Details Broad Impact Pathway Potential Impact

Regulations Newton Park Air Quality No specific impact - due to distance from A1 and ECML to Thrislington SAC.

Opinion A site of 53ha of land at Newton Park, Newton Water Quality Consideration was given to the impact of proposed employment growth in Newton Aycliffe Aycliffe is allocated for B1, B2, and B8 uses only on water quality of the River Tees which could potentially affect food availability to Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast SPA. (capacity of sewage treatment works) However,

associated with the development of a rail freight

Assessment facility and related activity. this potential adverse effect was screened out based upon the distances involved of

between points of discharge and Teesmouth Policies

Hydrology Potential for adverse effects to Durham Coast SAC if Northumbrian Water Ltd increase abstraction from the Magnesian Limestone aquifer to serve employment growth. of Habitat or species No specific impact - distant from Natura 2000 sites - closest SAC to the proposed site the destruction or is Thrislington which is over 10km away. Habitat type of industrial estate is not likely to fragmentation be required to support species/ populations linked to SACS/ SPAs/ Ramsars as these

County are predominately coastal and upland species/ habitats. Newton Aycliffe is also not considered as functional land in terms of alternative feeding, breeding or nesting sites for SPA species.

Durham Habitat or species No specific impact - distant from Natura 2000 sites and unlikley to impact upon flightpaths disturbance

Ability to adapt to climate Potential hydrological impacts could increase severity of climate change risks and Plan change weather events i.e. drought conditions.

Preferred Can the policy / allocation be screened out? No

Table 59 : Policy 24: Specific Use Employment Sites - South of Drum

Options Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Pathway

South of Drum: An extension site of 14.46ha of land Air Quality No specific impact - due to distance from A1 to Thrislington SAC. South of Drum Industrial Estate, Water Quality Consideration was given to the impact of proposed allocation on water quality of the River Chester-le-Street, is allocated for B8 (Storage and Wear which could potentially affect food availability to Northumbria Coast SPA. (capacity of Distribution) only. sewage treatment works) However, this potential adverse effect can be screened out given Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Pathway

the distance of Northumbria Coast SPA from Wearmouth (over 6km and 19km south

Habitat respectively)

Hydrology Type of development is unlikely to require increased water abstraction

Regulations Habitat or species No specific impact - distant from Natura 2000 sites. Chester-le-Street is not considered as destruction or functional land in terms of alternative feeding, breeding or nesting sites for SPA species. fragmentation

Habitat or species No specific impact - distant from Natura 2000 sites. Although Chester-le-Street is classed as disturbance within a County flight path of qualifying SPA bird species, due to the type of development there

Assessment is unlikely to be an impact.

Ability to adapt to No specific impact - development in Chester-le-Street is unlikely to restrict movement of climate change qualifying species.

Can the policy / allocation be screened out? Yes of the Table 60 Policy 24: Specific Use Employment Sites - Amazon Park

County Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Pathway

Durham Amazon Park: A site of 52.2ha at land south of Air Quality No specific impact - due to distance from A1 to Thrislington SAC. Screening Heighington Lane is allocation for Water Quality Consideration was given to the impact of proposed hou on water quality of the River Tees B1, B2 and B8 uses only associated with the which could potentially affect food availability to Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast SPA. (capacity

Plan manufacture and assembly of trains. of sewage treatment works) However, this potential adverse effect was screened out based

upon the distances involved between points of discharge and Teesmouth Opinion

Preferred Hydrology Potential for adverse effects to Durham Coast SAC if Northumbrian Water Ltd increase abstraction from the Magnesian Limestone aquifer to serve employment growth.

of

Habitat or species No specific impact - distant from Natura 2000 sites - closest SAC to the proposed site is Policies

Options destruction or Thrislington which is over 10km away. Habitat type of industrial estate is not likely to be required fragmentation to support species/ populations linked to SACS/ SPAs/ Ramsar sites as these are predominately 293 E 294 E Habitat

Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Screening Pathway

Regulations coastal and upland species/ habitats. Newton Aycliffe is also not considered as functional land in terms of alternative feeding, breeding or nesting sites for SPA species.

Opinion Habitat or species No specific impact - distant from Natura 2000 sites and unlikely to impact upon important disturbance flightpaths.

Assessment Ability to adapt to Potential hydrological impacts could increase severity of climate change risks and weather of

climate change events i.e. drought conditions. Policies

Can the policy / allocation be screened out? No

of Table 61 Policy 24: Specific Use Employment Sites - NETPark the Details Broad Impact Pathway Potential Impact

County NETPark: A site of 26.91ha at land north of Air Quality Potential for specific traffic generation from development of this site to contribute to air quality NEPark is allocated for B1 uses, specifically impacts affecting Castle Eden Dene SAC via vehicle growth on A19. No specific impact on

for R&D purposes only. In addition an area of Thrislington SAC due to distance from A1 to designated site. Durham 29ha to to the north of the allocation is safeguarded for future expansion land beyond Water Quality Consideration was given to the impact of proposed employment growth on water quality of the the end of the plan period. River Tees which could potentially affect food availability to Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast

SPA. (capacity of sewage treatment works) However, this potential adverse effect was screened Plan out based upon the distances involved between points of discharge and Teesmouth

Preferred Hydrology Potential for adverse effects to Durham Coast SAC if Northumbrian Water Ltd increase abstraction from the Magnesian Limestone aquifer to serve employment growth.

Habitat or species No specific impact - distant from Natura 2000 sites. Sedgefield is not considered as functional destruction or land in terms of alternative feeding, breeding or nesting sites for SPA species.

Options fragmentation

Habitat or species No specific impact - distant from Natura 2000 sites and unlikely to affect flightpaths disturbance

Ability to adapt to climate Potential hydrological impacts could increase severity of climate change risks and weather change events i.e. drought conditions. Details Broad Impact Pathway Potential Impact

Can the policy / allocation be screened No out? Habitat Table 62 Policy 24: Specific Use Employment Sites - South of Seaham

Regulations Details Broad Impact Pathway Potential Impact

South of Seaham: A site of 72ha of land at Air Quality Potential for specific traffic generation from development of this site to contribute to air quality the South of Seaham is allocated for the impacts affecting Castle Eden Dene SAC via A19 and Durham Coast SAC via A182. development of a film studio and associated uses only (e.g. Educational facilities, student Water Quality Consideration was given to the impact of proposed allocation on water quality of the River Wear

Assessment accommodation, hotel and leisure needs). which could potentially affect food availability to Northumbria Coast SPA. (capacity of sewage treatment works) However, this potential adverse effect can be screened out given the distance of Northumbria Coast SPA from Wearmouth (over 6km and 19km south respectively).

However, potential for adverse effects to Durham Coast SAC in respect of increased hardstanding resulting in increased run off to streams and burns linked to the site. of the Hydrology Potential for adverse effects to Durham Coast SAC if Northumbrian Water Ltd increase

County abstraction from the Magnesian Limestone aquifer to serve mixed use site.

Habitat or species Site will not result in direct land take from a SAC or SPA. Land is also not considered as functional

destruction or land denoted by lack of presence of qualifying species in the area by the Bird Study. Durham fragmentation Screening However, development will contribute to cumulative increase in permanent local population which is likely could affect Durham Coast SAC via increased recreational pressure (Durham

Coast SAC is within 20 minute walking distance of proposed site). Plan

Opinion

Preferred Habitat or species Development will contribute to cumulative increase in permanent local population which could disturbance affect Northumbria Coast SPA via increased disturbance to breeding species and roosting wintering birds as a result of access for leisure and recreation (SPA/ EMS/ Ramsar is within 20

minute walking distance of proposed site). of

Policies

Options Ability to adapt to climate Location of site will not contribute to coastal squeeze but potential hydrological impacts could change increase severity of climate change risks and weather events i.e. drought conditions. 295 E 296 E Habitat

Details Broad Impact Pathway Potential Impact Screening

Can the policy / allocation be screened No

Regulations out?

Opinion Table 63 Policy 24: Specific Use Employment Sites - Bowes Business Park

Details Broad Impact Potential Impact

Assessment Pathway of

Policies Bowes Business Park, Lambton Park Chester le Air Quality No specific impact - due to distance from A1 to Thrislington SAC. Street: A site of 10.87ha of land within Lambton Park Estate, Chester-le-Street is allocated for B1 Water Quality Consideration was given to the impact of proposed allocation on water quality of the River (Business). The site will only be for use by residents Wear which could potentially affect food availability to Northumbria Coast SPA. (capacity of of of the Lambton Park Estate executive housing sewage treatment works) However, this potential adverse effect can be screened out given the development. the distance of Northumbria Coast SPA from Wearmouth (over 6km and 19km south respectively)

County Hydrology Potential for cumulative adverse effects to Durham Coast SAC if Northumbrian Water Ltd increase abstraction from the Magnesian Limestone aquifer to serve housing growth.

Durham Habitat or species No specific impact: distant from Natura 2000 sites. Lambton Park Estate is not considered as destruction or functional land in terms of alternative feeding, breeding or nesting sites for SPA species. The fragmentation historic parkland is also unlikely to support qualifying habitat.

Plan Habitat or species Whilst the increased population at Lambton Park may cumulatively increase recreational disturbance pressure to coastal SACs and SPAs, it is not considered that the Bowes Business Park will

Preferred have a direct impact.

Ability to adapt to Potential hydrological impacts could increase severity of climate change risks and weather climate change events i.e. drought conditions.

Options Can the policy / allocation be screened out? No Table 64 Policy 25: Retail Allocations

Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Pathway Habitat Retail Allocations: Air Quality There is the potential for this policy and its allocations to increase traffic levels/ vehicle movements on strategic and local roads, and as such, increase air pollution which will have an In order to meet an identified need for specific types adverse impact on Natura 2000 sites that currently exceed the critical load for nitrogen deposition.

Regulations of retail, five retail allocations have been identified in (Castle Eden Dene SAC, Durham Coast SAC) the following locations, as shown on the proposals map, for the following uses. Water Quality These sites are unlikely to impact upon water dependent Natura 2000 sites through water quality providing surface water quality providing surface water run off and foul water outputs North Road, Durham City are within capacity of collection and treatment systems in times of flood.

Assessment As part of the comprehensive redevelopment of North Hydrology Overall these sites will not substantially contribute to an increase in hardstanding and surface Road, 2.94 hectares of land is allocated for A1 use water run off as development would involve either redevelopment of existing built environment (Retail) to secure qualitative and quantitative in town centres or on existing industrial estate. The site at North of Arnison is on a greenfield improvements. site and therefore will increase hardstanding,. However, this site is distant from Natura 2000 sites so any increase in run off is unlikely to affect Natura 2000 sites. North of Arnison, Durham City of Retail allocations are unlikely to significantly increase water abstraction requirements. the 2.68ha of land is allocated for A1 use (Retail) and

specifically for a convenience foodstore. Policy 7 County (Durham City Strategic Housing Sites) provides the Habitat or None of the sites will result in direct loss of land from Natura 2000 sites or functional land. Type policy context for the development of this area as part species of development is unlikely to increase recreational pressure to sites, increased predation or of the North of Arnison Strategic Allocation. destruction or invasive species.

fragmentation Durham Screening Queen Street, Crook Habitat or No specific impact due to location and type of development. 1.56ha of land at Queen Street, Crook is allocated for species

disturbance

Plan A1 use (Retail) to meet the convenience need within

the town. The site will only be developed for food retail. Opinion Ability to adapt Potential increase in nitrogen deposition will not build capacity in terms of enabling species to

Preferred Festival Walk, Spennymoor to climate adapt to climate change i.e. through reducing adverse effects not linked to climate change. change

2.46ha of land at Festival Walk, Spennymoor is of

allocated for A1 use (retail) to meet the convenience Policies

Options and comparison need within the town.

North East Industrial Estate, Peterlee 297 E 298 E Habitat

Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Screening Pathway

Regulations 3.24ha of land at North East Industrial Estate, Peterlee is allocated for A1 use (retail) to meet the bulky goods

need within the town. The site will only developed for Opinion bulky goods retail.

Assessment Can the policy / allocation be screened out? No of

Policies Table 65 Policy 26: Retail Hierarchy and Development in Commercial Centres

Details Broad Potential Impact of Impact the Pathway

County Retail Hierarchy Air Enhancement of retail provision within main town centres Quality and small town centres has the potential to increase traffic The Council will protect and enhance the following hierarchy of Sub Regional, Main Town, Small growth and nitrogen deposition to Natura 2000 sites within

Town, District and Local retail centres in the County. 200 metres of roads. Specific impacts to Castle Eden Durham Dene SAC and Durham coast SAC are possible. Sub Regional Centres - Retail and leisure development that continues to fulfil these centre's sub regional role will be encouraged. Any development that threatens their sub regional role will not be Water Location of centres are unlikely to impact upon water

permitted. Quality quality serving Natura 2000 sites. Plan

Main Town Centres – Within these centres, any quantitative expansion of new provision should be Hydrology Policy does not indicate quantum of retail development

Preferred matched with qualitative improvements. Additional leisure development and proposals that will , only where it should be located. Policy may not in itself enhance the evening economy will be supported given the relatively limited current provision. result in increased water abstraction or surface water run off. Small Town Centres – Within these centres, new provision should be predominantly aimed at meeting

local residents’ shopping needs and be of a scale appropriate to the town’s respective catchments. Habitat Location of centres will ensure no direct loss of land or Options or land considered as functional. Retail development within District Centres – Additional retail development within these centres should be assessed against species the centres is also unlikely to increase urbanisation the policy tests in the National Planning Policy Framework. Additional high street comparison retail destruction impacts such as increased predation or invasive species. provision within the District Centres will need to be carefully assessed to protect the vitality and viability of Durham City Centre. Details Broad Potential Impact Impact Pathway

Habitat Local Centres - New retail provision within these centres should be local in nature and not perform or However, enhancing retail offer in centres within the East a wider retail function or become a retail destination in its own right. fragmentation of the County in line with the hierarchy may indirectly encourage increased recreational activities to the Coast

Out of Centre - Dalton Park and Tindale, Bishop Auckland through increased day trips. May incur increased Regulations trampling of qualifying habitat of Durham Coast SAC - Dalton Park and Tindale will not be designated within the retail hierarchy. They are recognised as out of centre locations and further development will be subject to the retail tests outlined below. Habitat Enhancing retail offer in centres within the East of the Proposals for retail and other town centre uses in the Centres defined in the Retail Hierarchy above or County in line with the hierarchy may indirectly encourage

should: species increased recreational activities to the Coast through Assessment disturbance increased day trips. May incur increased disturbance to a. Be consistent in scale with the size and function of the centre; qualifying SPA species.

b. Safeguard the retail character and function of existing centres and not detract from their vitality Ability to Issues of air quality and potential increased recreational and viability; adapt to pressure will not contribute to building capacity for species climate to adapt to climate change - i.e. by reducing sources of of c. Be convenient and accessible in order to meet day to day needs of residents and contribute change harm not linked to climate change. the to social inclusion and sustainable development;

County d. Be accessible by a range of means of transport including walking, cycling and public transport in accordance with Policy 47 (Promoting Sustainable Travel); and

Durham e. Be of high quality design in accordance with Policy 17 (Sustainable Design in the Built Screening Environment).

Plan In all other locations outside of those identified in the retail hierarchy the loss of essential shops and

services will be resisted. Opinion

Preferred Commercial Centre Boundaries - Town centre uses should be directed to sites within Commercial Centre Boundaries, as shown on the proposals map, with A1 (Retail) uses directed principally to

the Primary Shopping Frontages. Proposals outside of these defined Commercial Centres will be of

required to: Policies

Options 299 E 300 E Habitat

Details Broad Potential Impact Screening Impact

Pathway Regulations

Undertake a sequential test; and

Opinion If the development is greater then 2,500 sqm, undergo an impact test.

Assessment Primary and Secondary Frontages - Within the primary retail frontages as shown on the proposal of

map, A1 (retail) uses will be supported as the predominant use. A2 (financial and professional Policies services), A3 (restaurants and cafes), A4 (drinking establishments) and A5 (hot foot takeaways) uses will only be permitted provided that they contribute to the vitality and viability of the primary frontage. of Within the defined Sub Regional Centres (Bishop Auckland and Durham) planning applications for the non A1 (retail) uses will only be approved:

County In Durham City where the proposal would not result in less then 50% of the premises in the primary retail frontage being in non-retail uses (i.e. other then A1 (retail))

Durham In Bishop Auckland where the proposal would not result in less then 40% of the premises in the primary retail frontage being in non-retail uses (i.e. other then A1 (retail))

Plan Within the secondary retail frontages as shown on the proposals map, a greater mix of uses will be supported. Uses A1, A2, A3, A4 will be permitted provided that the balance of uses within an area

is maintained. Other uses (non A1, A2, A3, A4, A5) will be permitted where they provide a service Preferred to shoppers or tourists and they do not harm the predominantly retail character of the centre, either individually or taken together with other non retail development.

A5 Uses (Hot Food Takeaways) - Within Commercial Centre Boundaries, and in order to minimise

Options the potential detrimental impacts of hot food takeaways, planning applications for A5 uses will be approved where the proposal would not result in more then 5% of the premises within the Commercial Centre being in A5 use. In order to promote healthy lifestyles in young people, proposals for A5 uses outside of defined Commercial Centres but within 400m of a school or college building will not be permitted. Details Broad Potential Impact Impact Pathway

Habitat Evening Economy - Proposals that would contribute to the evening economy will be permitted provided they contribute to the vitality and viability of commercial centres and accord with this and other relevant policies in the Plan.

Regulations

Can the policy / allocation be screened out? No

Table 66 Policy 27: Tourist Attractions

Assessment Details Broad Impact Pathway Potential Impact

In order to raise the quality of the Air Quality Policy will direct the majority of new development to Durham City. Visitors will visitor experience, the provision of however, use Durham City as a base to explore the rest of the County. It is likely new tourist attractions or the that Durham's Heritage Coast and rural areas of Teesdale and Weardale will of expansion of existing key be promoted as key tourist attractions. Potential to increase vehicle emissions the attractions will be permitted and nitrogen deposition to Natura 2000 sites as a result. Policy 47 may help to

provided: mitigate impact but sustainable travel options are limited in the West of the County a. New attractions are located in County. sustainable and accessible Water Quality Part (e) of the policy will ensure that full consideration will be given to impact of

locations, with a sequential Durham preference for Durham City attractions on Natura 2000 sites in respect of this potential impact pathway. Screening where appropriate; Hydrology Part (e) of the policy will ensure that full consideration will be given to impact of

attractions on Natura 2000 sites in respect of this potential impact pathway. Plan b. Where a rural location is

Opinion necessary the development Habitat or species Mitigation in respect of ensuring contributions toward managing visitor access

Preferred should; destruction or to the coast will need to implemented in respect of part (e) of this policy fragmentation

1. Meet identified tourism of

needs; Habitat or species Mitigation in respect of ensuring contributions toward managing visitor access Policies

Options disturbance to the coast will need to implemented in respect of part (e) of this policy 2. Constitute appropriate rural diversification; 301 E 302 E Habitat Details Broad Impact Pathway Potential Impact Screening

Regulations 3. Support local Ability to adapt to climate Part (e) should help to ensure that location of new attractions do not contribute employment, community change to coastal squeeze thereby reducing available land for habitat and species

services and retreat. However, Issues of air quality and potential increased recreational Opinion infrastructure; or pressure will not contribute to building capacity for species to adapt to climate change - i.e. by reducing sources of harm not linked to climate change.

4. Relate to a new or

Assessment existing tourist attraction of

that is based upon a site Policies specific natural or heritage feature; of the c. It is appropriate to the site's

County location by reason of scale, design, layout and materials;

d. It is appropriate for the role of Durham the settlement, it respects the character and appearance of the open countryside in

Plan accordance with Policy 36 (Development in the

Preferred Countryside);

e. It does not have a significant adverse impact on an

Options environmental designation, in order to prevent damage and disturbance to nature conservation features of local, national and international Details Broad Impact Pathway Potential Impact

importance, as identified in Policies 37 to 43 (Landscape, Habitat Biodiversity and Geodiversity);

f. It conforms specifically with

Regulations Policy 1 (Sustainable Development), Policy 19 (Air and Light Pollution), and Policy 47 (Promoting Sustainable Travel);

Assessment g. It helps to ensure the future business viability of an existing or new attraction; and of h. It enhances and complements the tourism attractions and themes

in the County and supports the County development of a year-round tourism economy and/or

extends visitor stays. Durham Screening

Can the policy / allocation be No

Plan screened out?

Opinion

Preferred

of

Policies

Options 303 E 304 E Habitat

Table 67 Policy 28: Tourist Accommodation Screening

Details Broad Impact Pathway Potential Impact Regulations

New visitor accommodation or extensions Air Quality Potential to increase vehicle emissions and nitrogen deposition to Natura to existing visitor accommodation, 2000 sites as a result of location of accommodation. Policy 47 may help Opinion regardless of type or location will be to mitigate impact but sustainable travel options are limited in the West permitted where: of the County.

Assessment of

a. They are appropriate to the scale and Water Quality Part (e) of the policy will ensure that full consideration will be given to Policies character of the area; impact of attractions on Natura 2000 sites in respect of this potential impact pathway. b. They do not have a significant of adverse impact on an environmental Hydrology Part (e) of the policy will ensure that full consideration will be given to the designation (as identified in Chapter impact of attractions on Natura 2000 sites in respect of this potential impact pathway.

9 of the Plan); County

c. Occupation by any one person or Habitat or species Mitigation in respect of ensuring contributions toward SANGs and /or group of persons does not exceed 9 destruction or managing visitor access to the coast will need to implemented in respect

Durham months in any one calendar year; fragmentation of part (e) of this policy

d. They encompass high levels of Habitat or species Mitigation in respect of ensuring contributions toward SANGs and / disturbance ormanaging visitor access to the coast will need to implemented in respect

Plan energy efficiency and/or renewable energy in line with Policy 17 of part (e) of this policy

Preferred (Sustainable Design in the Build Ability to adapt to climate Part (e) should help to ensure that location of new attractions do not Environment) and Policy 21 change contribute to coastal squeeze thereby reducing available land for habitat (Renewable Energy Development); and species retreat. However, issues of air quality and potential increased recreational pressure will not contribute to building capacity for species

Options e. They conform specifically with Policy to adapt to climate change - i.e. by reducing sources of harm not linked 1 (Sustainable Development), Policy to climate change. 19 (Air and Light Pollution), Policy 47 Details Broad Impact Pathway Potential Impact

(Promoting Sustainable Travel) and Policies 37 to 43 (Landscape, Habitat Biodiversity and Geodiversity); and

f. They do not conflict with other

Regulations relevant policies within the Plan.

Proposals for visitor accommodation in the countryside will also be permitted where:

Assessment g. A rural location is necessary to meet identified tourism needs;

h. It is an extension to existing visitor

of accommodation and helps to ensure

future business viability; the

County i. It involves the conversion of an existing building in accordance with Policy 36 (Development in the

Durham Countryside); Screening

j. It constitutes appropriate rural

diversification; and Plan

Opinion

k. It is located in close proximity to Preferred existing services.

of

Policies

Options 305 E 306 E Habitat Details Broad Impact Pathway Potential Impact Screening

Regulations Proposals for new, and extensions to existing, sites for chalets, camping(137) and

caravaning (both static and touring) will Opinion permitted where:

l. They are adequately screened all

Assessment year round; of

Policies m. They are laid out in a manner which would not adversely affect the character of the area; of the n. The materials and colour of the

County chalets or caravans, site services and infrastructure are designed to blend with the surroundings of the site and

limited in scale to the needs of the Durham site residents only;

o. They do not significantly adversely

Plan affect the amenity of local residents, in accordance with Policy 18 (Local

Preferred Amenity); and

p. They conform with Policy 46 (Flood Risk) and provide a specific Warning

Options and Evacuation Plan in accordance with Table 2 in the NPPF Technical Guidance.

137 Chalets and camping can include yurts, tipis/teepees, geodesic domes, safari-style tents/canvas lodges, bell tents, wooden shepherds huts, wooden wigwams/kocoons/snugs, cabins, eco-pods or similar structure Details Broad Impact Pathway Potential Impact

Touring caravan storage will be permitted providing that: Habitat

q. The caravans are not prominent in the landscape from either long or

Regulations short range views; and

r. Year round screening, compatible with the landscape, is provided.

Assessment Can the policy / allocation be screened No out? of the

County

Durham Screening

Plan

Opinion

Preferred

of

Policies

Options 307 E 308 E Habitat

E.3 Housing Screening

Table 68 Policy 29: Existing Housing Commitments

Regulations

Details Broad Impact Potential Impact

Pathway Opinion

Housing development will be approved on sites where Air Quality No impact upon designated sites as policy ensures that development will only be re-approved

an existing planning permissions lapses during the after taking into account new plan policies. This provides an extra layer of safeguarding to

Assessment Plan period providing that the proposal accords with ensure development has not been permitted where there is an impact upon Natura 2000 of

relevant policies of this plan and that there has been sites.(Policy 42: International Wildlife Sites) Policies no material change in circumstances that precludes development. Water Quality As above

Hydrology As above of the Habitat or As above species

County destruction or fragmentation

Habitat or As above Durham species disturbance

Ability to adapt As above Plan to climate change

Preferred Can the policy / allocation be screened out? Yes

Table 69 Policy 30: Housing Land Allocations

Options

Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Pathway

In order to meet the housing requirement and distribution set out in Policy 3 (Quantity of Air Quality Housing allocations in Central, South,East and West Development) and Policy 4 (Distribution of Development) the following sites, as shown Durham Delivery areas are likely to increase traffic on the proposals map, have been allocated for residential development: on roads within 200 metres of the following Natura 2000 sites: Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Pathway

Table 70 Castle Eden Dene SAC

Habitat Thrislington SAC Settlement Allocations Site Site Area (Ha) Estimated Phasing Durham Coast SAC Ref Yield Moor House Upper Teesdale SAC

Regulations CENTRAL DURHAM North Pennine Dales Meadows SAC North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA Main Towns

HA5 Sniperley Park 84.2 2200 Medium All of these sites are exceeding critical thresholds of Durham City nitrogen deposition therefore any increase in vehicle HA8 Mount Oswald 30.8 303 Short emissions is considered significant. Of the housing

Assessment HA9 Durham Johnson School (Whinney 2.6 77 Short allocations those in the East of the County are likely Hill) to substantially increase traffic on the A19 passing within 200 metres of Castle Eden Dene SAC HA10 Potters Bank 1.91 15 Short

HA/11 Former Dairy, Land at Stonebridge 1.8 64 Medium In terms of dust emissions, Natural England have set a buffer of 200 metres from component SSSI's for

HA12 Aykley Heads 9.0 220 Short to Medium of determining whether development proposals should the HA13 Sniperley Park and Ride 1.7 45 Short be considered in detail by Natural England's Land Use Operations Team.

County HA14 Willowtree Avenue 1.9 69 Medium None of the housing sites allocated are within 400 HA15 North of Arnison 72.9 1225 Medium metres of Natura 200 sites and as such it is HA16 Sherburn Road 23.4 450 Medium considered unlikely that dust emissions as a a result

Durham of construction will significantly affect Natura 2000 Screening Smaller Towns and Larger Villages sites.

Brandon HA2 East of Brandon Football Club 1.7 60 Short Langley Moor

Plan Meadowfield HA3 Brandon Lane 2.4 70 Medium Water Quality Housing allocations will need to be phased with

investment in sewage treatment works and any Opinion HA18 Langley Hall Farm 2.0 70 Short

Preferred required upgrade to sewer system capacity in order HA20 Browney Lane 9.8 222 Medium to protect water quality of water dependant SACs and SPAs. Housing sites will also need to incorporate

Coxhoe HA6 West of Grange Farm 3.6 111 Medium SuDS to ensure that increased run off does not affect of

water quality of watercourses linked to SACs and Policies

HA7 Bogma Hall Farm 7.8 200 Medium to Long Options SPAs. Sites in proximity to watercourses linked to 309 E 310 E Habitat

Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Screening Pathway

Regulations Langley Park HA19 East of Langley Park 11.1 250 Medium SACs and SPAs will also be required to ensure the protection of water resources during the construction

Sacriston HA21 East of Davison Terrace 1.6 58 Short phase. Opinion

HA22 Lingey House Farm North 2.6 78 Short Hydrology Increased abstraction from the River Wear or Tees

HA23 West House Farm 5.8 174 Medium to serve housing growth is unlikely to affect flows.

Assessment The River Wear and Tees are regulated by the of

Ushaw Moor HA24 North of Ladysmith Terrace 5.5 75 Medium presence of Kielder Water; northern Europe's largest Policies

Rest of Central Durham man made lake. The Kielder Water Scheme allows transfers to be made between the major north east Bearpark HA1 North Of Cook Avenue 5.6 145 Long catchments and allows water resources to be used to a fuller extent if and when needed.

of Burnhope HA4 Greenwood Avenue 4.20 50 Medium to Long the Lanchester HA17 Cadger Bank 3.6 95 Short Kielder Water is not Northumbrian Waters only water

resource; they also abstract groundwater from the County NORTH DURHAM Magnesian Limestone Aquifer in the South of the

Main Towns County. The Environment Agency has indicated that whilst there is currently water available there will be

Chester HA51 Civic Centre 1.8 60 Short

Durham a move towards no water available. -le- Street HA52 North of Hermitage Comprehensive 2.9 70 Short Therefore, groundwater sources may not be a viable HA53 BOC Site, Birtley 7.4 210 Short to Medium long term resource for Northumbrian Water. However

Plan this is likely to be counter-balanced against the fact HA54 Picktree Lane 9.3 200 Short to Medium that groundwater, in general, is a more cost effective

HA55 North of Conyers Avenue 6.2 170 Medium to Long water supply since it requires less Preferred

HE1 Lambton Park 95 400 Lifetime of Plan treatment and by being located closer to the point of

Consett HA56 English Martyrs & Villa Real Railway 12.2 250 Short use minimises infrastructure requirements and Bridge consequently leakage.

Options HA57 Gloucester Road 1.8 65 Medium It is therefore recommended that if Northumbrian

HA58 Victory Yard 1.7 84 Medium Water intend to abstract increased volumes of water from the aquifer to supply the housing development HA59 South Knitsley Lane 16.8 370 Medium that could occur in the south of County Durham, they

HA60 South of Berry Edge Farm 2.6 60 Medium liaise very closely with the Environment Agency and Natural England concerning the potential implications Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Pathway

HA62 Blackfyne Community Sports College 5.7 100 Short of doing so, to avoid upsetting the current balance

Habitat Site A and causing environmental degradation. Potential to affect hydrology of Durham Coast SAC HA63 Genesis Site 16.1 440 Medium

HA64 Castleside Reservoir 3.3 90 Short Regulations Habitat or species Direct Land Take HA65 Moorside Comprehensive School 4.5 100 Short destruction or

HA66 Rosedale Avenue 2.1 40 Short fragmentation None of the housing allocations will result in the direct land take from Natura 2000 sites. Furthermore, none HA67 Blackfyne Community Sports College 1.9 60 Short of the sites allocated are indicated by the Mapping Site B

Sensitive Areas for Birds Report as being of potential Assessment Stanley HA71 Stanley School of Technology 3.0 100 Short to Medium as functional land to support qualifying SPA species. & The allocations would largely result in the loss of HA72 Middles Farm & South Moor Hospital 10.5 350 Medium lowland agricultural land which is unlikely to support Tanfield Lea HA73 Humber Hill 3.8 110 Medium to Long qualifying habitat linked to upland or coastal sites.

HA74 Shield Row 12.33 205 Long Invasive Species of

HA75 Oxhill Farm 3.6 200 Short to Medium the The level of housing growth to West Durham and

HA76 Pea Road 3.7 100 Medium proximity to Natura 2000 sites is unlikely to County significantly affect an increase in invasive species. Smaller Towns and Larger Villages Housing growth in the East of the County is also

Annfield Plain HA48 Greencroft School 2.7 85 Short unlikely to affect coastal sites as a number of local

Durham wildlife sites buffer the coastal SAC's and SPAs and Screening HA49 Shield Row Lane 2.0 65 Medium are subject to management for invasive species. However, a precautionary approach to this issue HA50 Kyo Road 3.0 48 Long should be taken as impact is partly dependent on

Plan Great Lumley HA68 Scorer's Lane 4.1 95 Short appropriateness of planting schemes and green

infrastructure. Thrislington SAC and Castle Eden Opinion Pelton/ HA69 Brackenbeds Lane 2.3 55 Medium to Long

Dene SAC also have management plans in place to

Preferred Newfield HA70 Rear of Elm Ave 7.4 195 Short control invasive species.

Rest of North Durham

Predatory Species of

Burnopfield HA78 Syke Road 3.35 86 Short Policies

Options None of the allocations are within 400 metres of SPA Urpeth HA77 Brooms Public House 2.0 40 Short to Medium sites (400 metres is the approximate roaming distance of cats) SOUTH DURHAM 31 E 1 312 E Habitat

Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Screening Pathway

Regulations Main Towns Increased Recreational Pressure

Bishop Auckland HA79 East of Brack's Way 2.3 69 Short An increase in housing growth in all parts of the Opinion County in combination with an increase in tourism HA80 Brack's Farm 9.9 297 Short over the County Durham Plan Period may adversely

HA81 Former Chamberlain Phipps 1.6 60 Short to Medium affect SAC's and SPAs as a result of increased

Assessment trampling of habitat. of

HA82 Woodhouse Close Estate 3.0 91 Short to Medium Policies

HA83 Cheesmond Avenue 1.5 54 Short to Medium Habitat or species Increased Recreational Pressure HA84 Auckland Park 16.9 500 Short to Medium disturbance An increase in housing growth in all parts of the

of HA85 Canney Hill 2..1 61 Medium County in combination with an increase in tourism the HA86 Woodhouses Farm 24.4 600 Medium to Long over the County Durham Plan period may adversely affect qualifying species of upland and coastal SPAs

County HA87 Walker Drive, former Cemex Plant 2.9 143 Medium by means of disturbance.

HA88 South and West of West Auckland 3.1 92 Medium Football Ground

Ability to adapt to Potential for housing allocations to increase severity Durham Crook HA90 Rear of High West Road 27.3 600 Medium to Long climate change of climate change effects if increased abstraction HA91 West of Crook Primary School 1.6 40 Medium from the Magnesian Limestone aquifer depletes groundwater resources required by Durham Coast HA93 Site N Cobblers Hall 1.8 62 Short

Plan SAC.

HA94 Site O Cobblers Hall 4.7 165 Short None of the sites allocated will contribute to coastal

Preferred HA95 Agnew 5 & Land south of Agnew 5.0 157 Medium squeeze as all site allocations in the East of the Plantation County are outside of the coastal zone.

HA96 Woodham Community College 4.4 132 Medium Newton Aycliffe HA97 Congreve Terrace 1.7 61 Medium

Options

HA98 Eldon Whinns 11.5 342 Medium

HA117 Land North of Travellers' Green 3.3 50 Medium

HA99 Low Copelaw 49.5 900 Medium to Long

HA101 North of Fulton Court 2.2 65 Medium Shildon Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Pathway

HA102 All Saints and Land Adjacent to All 1.9 40 Medium

Habitat Saints

Smaller Towns and Larger Villages

Chilton HA89 West Chilton Farm 3.9 118 Medium Regulations

Ferryhill HA92 South of Dean Road 11.1 291 Short

Sedgefield HA100 South of Eden Drive & Land at 17.1 444 Short to Medium Stockton Road

Willington HA104 Opposite West Road 4.6 50 Medium

Assessment Rest of South Durham

Trimdon Grange HA103 Rose Street 1.6 45 Short

EAST DURHAM

Main Towns of

Peterlee HA28 Adjacent Shotton School 2.2 66 Short the

HA29 South of Passfield Way 2.3 77 Medium tp Long County

HA30 Dene House School 3.2 88 Short

HA31 South of Edenhill Community Centre 2.6 91 Short

Durham Screening HA32 North Blunts 2.4 85 Short

HA33 Former ITEC 1.77 52 Short

Plan HA34 North East Industrial Estate 18 500 Medium to Long

Opinion HA35 Low Hills 41.6 730 Short to Medium

Preferred Seaham HA36 Seaham Colliery Site 13.4 300 Medium to Long

HA37 Lawnside 4.77 90 Medium to Long of

HA38 Land North of Portland Avenue 5.1 100 Medium to Long Policies

Options HA39 Seaham Leisure Centre 7.4 130 Medium to Long

HA40 Seaham School 3.7 80 Medium to Long 313 E 314 E Habitat

Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Screening Pathway

Regulations HA41 New Drive 10.52 250 Medium

Smaller Towns and Larger Villages Opinion

Easington HA25 Glenhurst Farm 2.3 60 Short &

HA26 Council Offices 2.4 63 Medium

Assessment

Easington Colliery of

Policies

Shotton Colliery HA42 South of Front Street and East of 1.62 60 Short to Medium Windsor Place

HA43 Land Behind Burns Terrace & Swan 13.2 400 Medium to Long

Castle Farm of

the Wingate HA/47 South of Wellfield Road 2.4 72 Short

County Rest of East Durham

Thornley HA46 Land North of Hartlepool Street 6.9 166 Medium to Long

HA45 Land at Dunelm Stables 5.8 95 Short

Durham

Station Town HA44 Rodridge Street 2.0 50 Medium

WEST DURHAM

Plan Main Towns

HA105 North of Darlington Road (High 6.0 100 Short

Preferred Barnard Castle Riggs)

HA106 Rear of High Riggs 3.0 49 Short

HA107 South of Green Lane 2.0 33 Short

Options HA108 Land at Auction Mart 1.4 35 Medium

HA109 Grove works & former allotments 1.3 35 Medium adjacent to Grove Works

HA110 South of HM Young Offender 2.8 75 Medium Institution Startforth

HA111 West of Startforth Morritt Memorial 2.5 38 Medium School Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Pathway

Smaller Towns and Larger Villages Habitat

Middleton in HA115 South of Pennine Cottage 1.1 20 Medium Teesdale

Wolsingham HA116 Wolsingham Steelworks 4.7 149 Short Regulations

Rest of West Durham

Cockfield HA112 West of Meadowcroft 0.92 15 Medium

HA113 South of Meadowcroft 0.75 20 Medium

Assessment Gainford HA114 Neville Close 1.6 30 Medium

Planning applications for housing submitted on these housing allocations, and are in accordance with the phasing indicated, will be approved if the proposed scheme is in accordance with other relevant policies of the Plan. An application for for an allocation in advance of its phasing will only be approved if: of the The allocation's early release does not prejudice the delivery of other allocated sites phased in an earlier time period within the locality;

County

The release of the site is required now to maintain a five year supply of deliverable sites; and

Durham Screening The infrastructure requirements of the development can be satisfactorily addressed.

Plan Can the policy / allocation be screened out? No

Opinion

Preferred

of

Policies

Options 315 E 316 E Habitat

Table 71 Policy 31: Addressing Housing Needs Policy Screening

Details Broad Impact Pathway Potential Impact

Regulations To contribute towards meeting the needs of the County’s existing and future residents Air Quality No specific effect. There is no mechanism by which

we will require: this policy could lead to adverse impacts since it Opinion controls the affordability of housing and suitability 10% of housing units provided on all sites to meet the specific needs of older for older / vulnerable persons but has no influence

people in terms of their design, form and layout; and over the quantum or location of development.

Assessment of

All qualifying new housing proposals to provide a proportion of Affordable Water Quality As above Policies Housing in perpetuity, which is accessible, affordable and meets the needs of those residents unable to access the open housing market. Hydrology As above

Habitat or species As above of The Council will support the provision of housing for vulnerable people and specialist destruction or fragmentation the housing provision, including nursing homes and residential and extra care facilities, Habitat or species As above

in appropriate locations and where there is an identified need. County disturbance

Ability to adapt to climate As above

change

Durham Qualifying Thresholds and Requirements for Affordable Provision

The qualifying thresholds where affordable provision will be required and the number of units which we will seek for each of the Housing Market Areas, subject to site

Plan viability, are set out below:

Table 72 Preferred

Housing Market Area Percentage of Site Size Threshold* Housing Unit Housing Units Threshold

Options North Durham 15% East Durham 10% Central Durham 20%

0.5 ha 15 units

South Durham 15% Details Broad Impact Pathway Potential Impact

Habitat West Durham 25% 0.2 ha 5 units

*Irrespective of dwelling numbers proposed.

Regulations In applying these requirements we will consider:

a. The extent of the housing need in the local housing market, as supported by up to date evidence; and

b. The cost of developing the site and the impact of this on the viability of any Assessment proposed scheme. In circumstances where the viability of the scheme is in question, the developer will be required to demonstrate, to our satisfaction that this is the case.

Off-Site Provision of Affordable Units of the On all housing proposals which include up to and including 5 affordable housing units, where it can be justified by the developer that it is the most appropriate course of

County action, we will accept off-site contributions in lieu of on-site provision.

On sites where there are more than 5 affordable housing units financial contributions

Durham in lieu of on-site provision will only be considered in exceptional circumstances and Screening where:

c. There is clear evidence that a greater number of affordable housing could be

Plan delivered off site; or

Opinion

d. The resulting financial contribution would contribute to specific regeneration Preferred activity in the relevant Housing Market Area.

of

In either instance financial contributions should equal the full cost of developing or Policies

Options buying on the open market the same number of new properties of the size and type and in a similar location that would have been provided on site. 317 E 318 E Habitat

Details Broad Impact Pathway Potential Impact Screening

The calculation for the financial contribution will take into account the following key

Regulations factors:

e. The unencumbered residual land value; Opinion

f. Total number of units on site;

Assessment g. Registered Providers purchase amount; of

Policies h. Number of units for affordable housing; and

i. Total development costs. of the Non-Viable Sites

County In instances where it is clearly demonstrated by the developer that it is not viable to meet the above affordable housing requirements we will require an increased proportion of housing units that cater for older persons needs commensurate with the number

Durham of housing units that would have been required.

Changing Market Conditions

Plan Where the provision of affordable and older person's housing is below the targets required above, the Council will include an overage payment clause in the Section

Preferred 106 Agreement relating to the planning permission, to secure a financial contribution on completion of the scheme to reflect changes in market conditions.

Tenure Mix

Options Individual schemes will encompass a mix of tenures including houses for affordable rent and intermediate housing, determined by the Council using the most recent information on housing needs at the local level. We will seek to secure a tenure mix of Affordable Housing to reflect local housing need and the viability on individual sites. Overall the tenure mix in the County should reflect the following mix:

80% Affordable Rented Housing Details Broad Impact Pathway Potential Impact

20% Intermediate Housing Habitat Can the policy / allocation be screened out? Yes

Regulations Table 73 Policy 32: Housing Exceptions

Details Broad Impact Pathway Potential Impact

Housing development that is contrary to other policies in the Plan will be permitted if Air Quality No specific effect. Reasoned Justification states the development provides affordable housing in perpetuity and where: that housing exception sites must still comply with

Assessment the provisions of the Habitats Directive. a. There is evidence of need identified in an appropriate housing needs assessment and the tenure split reflects this need; Water Quality As above

b. There has been substantial and meaningful community engagement; Hydrology As above of c. The development is within or adjacent to an existing settlement as defined by Habitat or species As above the the Settlement Study; destruction or fragmentation

County Habitat or species As above d. The development is in scale and keeping with the form and character of the disturbance settlement and local landscape setting; and Ability to adapt to climate As above

Durham e. Their development supports local facilities and services. Screening change

The inclusion of market housing within a housing exception scheme will be permitted

Plan where:

Opinion

a. It makes up no more than 30% of the total number of units; Preferred

b. The provision of market housing meets a identified local need; and

of

c. It is essential to the viability and successful delivery of the overall scheme and Policies

Options no public subsidy is available. 319 E 320 E Habitat

Details Broad Impact Pathway Potential Impact Screening

Can the policy / allocation be screened out? Yes

Regulations

Table 74 Policy 33: Sites for Travellers Opinion

Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Pathway

Assessment of

Site allocations for Travellers will be allocated in the Air Quality Site allocations will need to be considered prior to Submission for potential impact. However, Policies Submission Draft of the Plan, supported by evidence allocations are considered unlikely to significantly affect Natura 2000 sites via this impact of need. Allocated sites: pathway.

Will be sufficient to provide a five year supply of of realistically deliverable sites and at least a six to ten Water Quality Site allocations will need to be considered prior to Submission for potential impact. However, the year supply of developable sites; allocations are considered unlikely to significantly affect Natura 2000 sites via this impact pathway.

County Will be considered in or adjacent to existing settlements in the first instance, and then on Hydrology Site allocations will need to be considered prior to Submission for potential impact. However, brown field land in other locations; allocations are considered unlikely to significantly affect Natura 2000 sites via this impact

pathway.

Durham Will be sympathetic to the scale of adjoining settlements and large enough to provide for adequate on site facilities including parking, Habitat or Site allocations will need to be considered prior to Submission for potential impact. Considered storage, residential amenity, and, where species unlikely to result in direct land take or loss of functional land if prioritised to existing sites first.

destruction or However, may have potential to increase recreational pressure and associated trampling and

Plan appropriate, business use; and For Travelling Showpeople, will allow for mixed fragmentation erosion of habitat.

use yards to provide space for the storage of Preferred equipment. Habitat or Site allocations will need to be considered prior to Submission for potential impact. Potential to species increase levels of recreational disturbance to sites. All allocated sites and any sites proposed outside the disturbance allocation process: Ability to adapt Site allocations will need to be considered prior to Submission for potential impact. However,

Options to climate allocations are considered unlikely to contribute to coastal squeeze if prioritised to existing Should not detract from the amenities of change settlements first. adjoining residents; Should be accessible to schools, health care and other local facilities; Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Pathway

Should be well screened, landscaped and

Habitat acceptable in relation to the character of the surrounding area; and Should have satisfactory access to services,

including water, sewerage, and refuse disposal. Regulations

If temporary sites are needed to enable existing sites to be refurbished, nearby locations will be considered in the first instance and permission granted on a temporary basis.

Assessment Temporary transit sites related to common travelling routes will be permitted where there is evidence of need and where their impact is reasonable when weighed against short term use. of Can the policy / allocation be screened out? No the

County Table 75 Policy 34: Type and Mix of Housing Policy

Details Broad Impact Pathway Potential Impact

Durham Screening On all new housing developments the Council will seek to secure an appropriate mix Air Quality No specific effect. There is no mechanism by which of dwelling types and sizes, taking account of existing imbalances in the housing this policy could lead to adverse impacts since it stock, site characteristics and viability and market considerations. controls the mix of housing type but has no

Plan influence over the quantum or location of

development. Opinion

Preferred Water Quality As above

Hydrology As above of

Policies

Habitat or species As above Options destruction or fragmentation 321 E 322 E Habitat

Details Broad Impact Pathway Potential Impact Screening

Habitat or species As above

Regulations disturbance

Ability to adapt to climate As above Opinion change

Can the policy / allocation be screened out? Yes

Assessment of

Table 76 Policy 35: Density of Residential Development Policies

Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Pathway of

the Housing development should make efficient use of land and conserve resources, Air Quality Whilst this policy aims to maximise housing densities particularly in and around town centres and other locations where there is good access to areas that have good access to public transport

County to frequent public transport services. services, higher densities to town centres and larger villages in the East of the County will increase traffic The density of new development should be informed by the character of the local area levels on roads within 200 metres of Castle Eden

and contribute to: Dene SAC and Durham Coast SAC Durham

The design objectives set out in Policy 17 (Sustainable Design in the Built Water Quality Potential for adverse effects, particularly in areas Environment); selected for higher densities if the capacity of sewage

treatment works, drainage and sewer network Plan Improving the mix of house types in accordance with Policy 34 (Type and Mix of infrastructure is exceeded as a result of increased Housing); demand on the network and increase levels of run-off

Preferred from hardstanding. Providing adequate levels of public open space, semi-private communal open space and private outdoor space, as set out in Policy 20 (Green Infrastructure); and Investment and phasing of development is likely to be required to mitigate potential adverse effects.

Options Retaining as far as possible existing site features, including mature trees, shrubs, hedgerows and amenity areas. Hydrology No specific effect - Although housing will require increased abstraction form surface and potentially Subject to the above, densities (measured in dwellings per hectare (dph)) will vary groundwater sources, the density of housing will not according to the relative accessibility and character of locations. As a rule higher densities impact on abstraction quantity. (30 to 50 dph) will be favourably considered on central sites in or near town centres and larger village centres that have good access to public transport and a range of facilities. Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Pathway

Medium densities of around 30 dph will normally be appropriate for sites that are in more Habitat or species Higher densities in or near town centres and larger

Habitat peripheral locations within these settlements. destruction or village centres in East Durham could increase the fragmentation significance of negative effects on coastal SAC's and In smaller settlements and for some edge-of-settlement locations lower densities (less SPAs by increasing development pressure on land

than 30 dph) may be more appropriate to respond to local character and context. considered as 'functional' land and by increasing Regulations recreational and urbanisation impacts (e.g. trampling and increase in invasive species/ predation), and adverse impact to environmental resources that supports sites (i.e. air/ water pollution).

Habitat or species This policy requires that density of housing accords Assessment disturbance with the requirements of the Green Infrastructure Strategy. As a result, the impact of higher densities to town centres and larger village centres in the East of the County and associated increased disturbance to qualifying species of Northumbria Coast SPA and

Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast SPA can be of mitigated in part through the requirement to the incorporate Suitable Alternative Natural Greenspace.

However, in-combination disturbance impacts as a County result of promoting the coast as a visitor destination will need to be addressed.

Durham Ability to adapt to Higher densities of housing to town centres and Screening climate change larger village centres in the East of the County could contribute to coastal squeeze and restrict species movement. Policies to protect the area of land

Plan between the coast and Durham Coast rail line from

development will be required. Opinion

Preferred Can the policy / allocation be screened out? No

of

Policies

Options 323 E 324 E Habitat

E.4 Natural and Historic Environment Screening

Table 77 Policy 36: Development in the Countryside

Regulations

Details Broad Potential Impact

Impact Opinion Pathway

Planning permission for development in the countryside will only be permitted ifthere will be no Air No specific impact. There is no mechanism by which

Assessment significant adverse impact on the countryside, landscape and biodiversity and where at least one of Quality this policy could lead to adverse impacts since it of

the following exceptions may apply: controls rather than promotes development. Acceptable Policies development will be required not to have adverse a. The land is allocated for development in the County Durham Plan; effects on biodiversity b. The development proposals are considered necessary for the efficient operation of agriculture, Water As above horticulture, forestry, and other appropriate land based businesses, including the diversification of of activities on existing farm units which do not prejudice the agricultural use; Quality the c. Where sustainable enhancements to the countryside, landscape and biodiversity will result, Hydrology As above including proposals for tourism and leisure developments which benefit local communities and County visitors such as, walking, horse riding or cycling; or Habitat As above d. Proposals for the change of use of existing buildings which are in keeping with, or would enhance, or their setting; are of a sound and permanent construction; have no adverse impact on the users

species Durham of other land and buildings;and represent a sustainable and viable use that will enhance the destruction local rural economy. or fragmentation Where development is considered acceptable, it will be required to be unobtrusive and must respect

Plan the form, scale and character of the landscape. For example, through careful siting, design and use Habitat As above of materials. New buildings should be sited adjacent to existing buildings or building groups, rather or

Preferred than isolated in the landscape. species disturbance Proposals should have no adverse effects on, and where appropriate enhance and expand, nature conservation features, contributing to the delivery of biodiversity action plans, habitat enhancement, Ability to As above and landscape character.

adapt to Options climate Proposals will not be permitted if they result in a level of light pollution, noise, traffic or activity which change is out of keeping with its countryside location.

Can the policy / allocation be screened out? Yes Table 78 Policy 37: North Pennines AONB

Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Pathway Habitat The North Pennines Area of Outstanding Natural Air Quality The North Pennines AONB encompasses Natura 2000 sites located in the West. The policy Beauty (AONB) will be protected and enhanced. Within indirectly offers an extra layer of protection to these designations. Whilst the policy makes no or adjacent to the AONB development will only be specific reference to Natura 2000 sites, the AONB management plan includes actions to protect

Regulations permitted where it does not, individually or Natura 2000 sites. Part (c) of the policy also required that in exceptional cases where cumulatively, have a significant adverse impact on its development may be permitted impacts to the environment would need to be fully considered. special qualities or statutory purposes. As a result there is no mechanism by which this policy could lead to adverse effects.

Major developments will only be permitted in the AONB Water Quality As above

in exceptional circumstances where it can be clearly Assessment demonstrated to be in the public interest and where Hydrology As above the following have been fully considered: Habitat or As above a. The need for the development, including in terms species of any national considerations, and the impact destruction or of permitting it, or refusing it, upon the local fragmentation of economy; the Habitat or As above species

b. The cost of, and scope for, developing elsewhere County outside the designated area, or meeting the need disturbance for it in some other way; and Ability to adapt As above

to climate Durham c. Any detrimental effect on the environment, the Screening change landscape, and recreational opportunities, and the extent to which that could be moderated.

Plan

Development will be expected to be designed and Opinion

managed to the highest environmental standards and Preferred to have regard to the objectives of the North Pennines AONB Management Plan, and to the guidance given

in the North Pennines AONB Planning Guidelines and of

the North Pennines AONB Building Design Guide. Policies

Options

Can the policy / allocation be screened out? Yes 325 E 326 E Habitat

Table 79 Policy 38: Durham Coast and Heritage Coast Screening

Details Broad Impact Potential Impact

Regulations Pathway

The coast of County Durham will be protected and enhanced by: Air Quality This policy along with any new development proposed as a result is likely to result Opinion a. Only permitting development in the coastal zone where there in an increase traffic growth which could exacerbate impacts to Natura 2000 sites is overriding social or economic benefit from that development within 200m of roads that are close to or are already exceeding critical thresholds

and where the development cannot be accommodated in nitrogen deposition. As this policy specifically seeks to encourage visitors to

Assessment elsewhere outside of the coastal zone; Durham Coast, specific impacts to Castle Eden Dene SAC and Durham Coast of

SAC which are within 200m of roads are considered likely. This should be Policies b. Restricting development proposals in the setting of the coastal considered in combination with other new development which is likely to result in zone which threaten its isolated character and only granting increased traffic growth (e.g. housing, employment and retail). planning permission for development within this zone where

it is considered appropriate in terms of scale, massing and of design and also in terms of associated noise and traffic Water Quality New development in line with this policy within the vicinity of watercourses linked the generation; to Natura 2000 sites could have an impact on water quality and qualifying species, particularly considering its likely location within close proximity to Durham Coast

County c. Protecting the coastal zone from development proposals which SAC. would increase risk from climate change, flooding, erosion and land instability; New development will need to be served by adequate sewage treatment, drainage

Durham and sewer network infrastructure to ensure that discharges to water resources d. Appropriate enhancement and restoration having regard to serving Natura 2000 sites do not adversely affect qualifying habitats and species the Heritage Coast Management Plan; and that surface water run off to sites does not occur.

Plan This should be considered in combination with other new development in East e. Improving public access and enjoyment of the coast and Durham which is likely to put pressure on drainage and waste water network (e.g. allowing development related to recreation, education, sport, housing, employment and retail).

Preferred art and tourism where such proposals are consistent with the conservation of its natural beauty and the protection of its heritage features and otherwise in line with the Heritage Coast Hydrology Impact largely depends on what sort of development may be permitted in the Management Plan objectives; and coastal zone. For example, minerals working would have the potential to affect

ground water levels serving Durham Coast SAC Options f. Extending the Heritage Coast designation to include the area around Dene Mouth, Blackhall. Habitat or This policy is likely to result in significant negative effects on qualifying species species and habitats through direct land take (i.e. designated site itself and functional land, destruction or particularly if development is located east of the existing Durham Coast line), fragmentation recreational and urbanisation impacts (e.g. Trampling, disturbance, and increase in invasive species/ predation), and adverse impact on environmental resources that support them (e.g. air/ water pollution). Part (e) promotes access and enjoyment of the coast. Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Pathway

These impacts should be considered in combination with other new development

Habitat in East Durham which is likely to cause similar impacts.

Habitat or This policy is likely to result in significant negative effects on qualifying species

Regulations species and habitats through increased pressure as a result of recreation disturbance as disturbance part (e) promotes access and enjoyment of the coast. Depending on scale and massing of any new development, this policy could also have an adverse impact on flight paths of qualifying bird species.

These impacts should be considered in combination with other new development Assessment in East Durham which is likely to cause similar impacts.

Ability to adapt Although the policy seeks to protect the coastal zone from development proposals to climate which would increase risk from climate change, flooding, erosion and land change instability, a significant adverse effect on qualifying species and habitats is still of considered likely. Development, if located east of the existing railway line, could the contribute to coastal squeeze thereby restricting land availability for habitat and species retreat. Other impacts identified in this screening exercise will also not

County contribute to building capacity for species to adapt to effects of climate change.

Can the policy / allocation be screened out? No To ensure the environmental acceptability of any development that comes forward during the

Plan period, it is advised that the policy is amended to include a requirement for proposals to be in Durham Screening accordance with Local Plan Policy 42 (International Wildlife Sites).

Table 80 Policy 39: Landscape Character

Plan

Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Opinion

Preferred Pathway

Proposals for new development will only be permitted Air Quality Policy proposes that development would not be permitted, where they would cause significant where they would not cause significant harm to the harm to the character, quality or distinctiveness of the landscape. Biodiversity and habitats of

Policies

character, quality or distinctiveness of the landscape, benefit from the policy due to the entwined relationship between natural landscape and habitats. Options or to important features or views, unless the benefits There are therefore no means by which this policy could lead to adverse effects. of the development clearly outweigh its impacts. Water Quality As above 327 E 328 E Habitat

Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Screening Pathway

Regulations Hydrology As above

Development proposals should have regard to the Habitat or As above Opinion objectives of the County Durham Landscape Strategy species and contribute, where possible, to the conservation or destruction or

enhancement of the local landscape and the work of fragmentation

Assessment local landscape partnerships. of

Habitat or As above Policies species disturbance

Ability to adapt As above of to climate the change

County Can the policy / allocation be screened out? Yes

Table 81 Policy 40:Trees, Woodlands and Hedges

Durham

Details Broad Potential Impact Impact

Pathway Plan

Development will be expected to retain existing trees where possible and integrate them fully into the Air Policy provides no means for adverse impact to Natura

Preferred design having regard to their management requirements and growth potential. Development will not Quality 2000 sites. Policy adds additional layer of protection be permitted that would result in the loss of, or damage to, veteran trees, protected trees, or other to Castle Eden Dene SAC which was designated for trees of high landscape, amenity or biodiversity value unless the need for, and benefits of, the proposal its Yew woodlands. clearly outweigh the loss. Water As above

Options Quality

Where trees within or adjacent to a site could be affected by development, a full tree survey and Hydrology As above arboricultural implications assessment to BS 5837 will be required as part of the planning Habitat As above application. The implementation of any protective measures it identifies will be secured by the use or of planning conditions. Where trees are lost, replacement planting will be required within the site or species the locality. destruction Details Broad Potential Impact Impact Pathway

Habitat or fragmentation Woodlands Habitat As above

Regulations Development will be expected to retain existing woodlands and integrate them fully into the design or having regard to their future management requirements. Development will not be permitted that would species result in the loss of woodland unless the benefits of the proposal clearly outweigh the loss and suitable disturbance replacement planting, either within or beyond the site boundary, can be undertaken. Ability to As above

adapt to Assessment climate Development will not be permitted that would result in the loss, change

fragmentation, isolation or deterioration of ancient woodland

identified on the proposals map unless the need for, and benefits of, the development in that location of clearly outweigh the harm and appropriate compensation can be made. Proposals affecting ancient the woodland (including planted ancient woodland sites) not previously identified as such, will be subject

to the same considerations. County

Durham Planning obligations will be used to secure the restoration or enhanced management of ancient Screening woodlands and planted ancient woodland sites where appropriate, in accordance with Policy X Planning Obligations.

Plan

Opinion

Hedges Preferred

Development will be expected to retain existing hedgerows where they can make a positive contribution

to the design of the proposals. of

Policies

Options Development will not be permitted that would result in the loss of hedges of high landscape, heritage, amenity or biodiversity value unless the need for, and benefits of, the development in that location clearly outweigh the loss. 329 E 330 E Habitat

Details Broad Potential Impact Screening Impact

Pathway Regulations

Opinion Where hedges are lost, replacement planting or renovation of existing hedges will be required within the site or the surrounding area.

Assessment of

Can the policy / allocation be screened out? Yes Policies

Table 82 Policy 41: Biodiversity and Geodiversity of Details Broad Impact Potential Impact the Pathway

County Proposals for new development that would result in Air Quality Positive effects identified: significant harm to biodiversity will not be permitted where the harm cannot be avoided, adequately Protection and enhancement of biodiversity will increase absorption of pollutants from the air

mitigated, or, as a last resort, compensated for. through leaf uptake and contact removal. Potential positive effects to Natura 2000 sites reaching Durham or exceeding critical thresholds in certain air pollutants. Policy may also trigger screening Proposals for new development will be expected to requirement for development proposals which have the potential to lead to a significant minimise adverse impacts on, and actively enhance, deterioration in air quality.

biodiversity and geodiversity in order to provide net Plan gains. Water Quality Positive effects identified:

Preferred Proposals for new development will be expected, where appropriate, to incorporate measures to Protection and enhancement of biodiversity will protect and possibly increase current storm enhance biodiversity within or around the site, and to water and normal runoff infiltration rates, helping to prevent pollutants from being transported contribute to the consolidation and development of to surface waters and reducing pressure on sewerage systems. Potential positive effects to

local ecological networks, and the implementation of water dependent Natura 2000 sites. Policy may also trigger screening requirement for Options the biodiversity action plans and management plans development proposals which have the potential to lead to a deterioration in water quality. of local partnerships.

Development proposals where the primary objective Hydrology Positive effects identified: is to conserve or enhance biodiversity will be permitted, where they accord with other relevant policies in the Plan. Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Pathway

Development proposals will be expected to protect The natural The natural infiltration capabilities of biodiversity can also improve the rate at which

Habitat peatlands, and contribute, where possible, to their groundwater aquifers are replenished.Potential positive effects to water dependent Natura 2000 restoration. sites. Policy may also trigger screening requirement for development proposals which have the potential to alter hydrological function.

Regulations

Habitat or Policy should ensure that location and type of development does not directly or indirectly lead species to loss of designated or functional land or adversely affects natural systems supporting Natura destruction or 2000 sites. However, it should be noted that in reference to compensatory measures and Natura fragmentation 2000 sites, these would only be considered in exceptional cases and where other criteria as

set out by Regulation 62 of the Habitats Regulations have been met. Assessment

The incorporation of measures to enhance biodiversity within or around development sites could potentially lead to adverse effects if not compatible with qualifying species of Natura 2000 sites (i.e. Increase in invasive species). Suggest change of policy wording to:

'Proposals for new development will be expected, to incorporate appropriate measures to of enhance biodiversity within or around the site, and to contribute to the consolidation and the development of local ecological networks, and the implementation of the biodiversity action

plans and management plans of local partnerships.' County

Habitat or Positive effects identified:

Durham species Screening disturbance Policy should ensure that location and type of development does not directly or indirectly increase levels of disturbance to an extent by which qualifying species would be adversely affected. However, it should be noted that in terms of this pathway of impact it is unlikely that compensatory

Plan measures will be appropriate.

Opinion

Preferred Ability to adapt Policy should ensure that location and type of development does not directly or indirectly restrict to climate the ability of species movement in response to climate change. However, potential for adverse

change effects if the biodiversity measures incorporated within new development are not compatible of

with qualifying species of Natura 2000 sites (i.e. Increase in invasive species). Suggest change Policies

of policy wording to: Options 331 E 332 E Habitat

Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Screening Pathway

Regulations 'Proposals for new development will be expected, to incorporate appropriate measures to enhance biodiversity within or around the site, and to contribute to the consolidation and

development of local ecological networks, and the implementation of the biodiversity action Opinion plans and management plans of local partnerships.'

Assessment Can the policy / allocation be screened out? No - (although it is considered that with suggested revision to policy wording this policy could be screened out) of

Policies Table 83 Policy 42: International Wildlife Sites

Details Broad Impact Potential Impact of Pathway the Development that is likely to have significant effects Air Quality Positive effects identified:

County upon international wildlife sites (SPAs, SACs and Ramsar sites) will not be permitted where it cannot be Requiring development proposals which may have an adverse effect upon Natura 2000 sites ascertained, following appropriate assessment, that to be subject to an Appropriate Assessment will ensure that development proposals are not

there would be no adverse effects on its integrity, permitted that would exceed critical thresholds identified for certain air pollutants to Natura 2000 Durham unless the proposal is able to pass the further statutory sites. test of ‘no alternatives’ and ‘imperative reasons of overriding public interest’ as set out in Regulation 62

of the Habitats and Species Regulations 2010. Water Quality Positive effects identified: Plan

Development proposals within 0.4km of international Requiring development proposals which may have an adverse effect upon Natura 2000 sites

Preferred wildlife sites, and any other development proposals to be subject to an Appropriate Assessment will ensure that development proposals are only which may have an effect upon international wildlife permitted which do not adversely affect surface or ground water quality to water dependant sites, will be subject to Appropriate Assessment. Such Natura 2000 sites projects will be permitted only where it can be

demonstrated that there will be no significant effect Options upon the integrity of the relevant site, in isolation or in Hydrology Positive effects identified: conjunction with other projects. Requiring development proposals which may have an adverse effect upon Natura 2000 sites Where development proposals would be likely to lead to be subject to an Appropriate Assessment will ensure that development proposals are only to an increase in recreational pressure upon permitted which do not adversely affect water supply to water dependant Natura 2000 sites international wildlife sites, developers will be required to contribute towards mitigation measures. Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Pathway

Depending on the type, location and size of Habitat or Positive effects identified:

Habitat development, the creation or improvement of Suitable species Alternative Natural Greenspace (SANG), in accordance destruction or Requiring development proposals which may have an adverse effect upon Natura 2000 sites with Policy 20 (Green Infrastructure) and the guidance fragmentation to be subject to an Appropriate Assessment will ensure that development proposals are only

in the Natural Environment SPD, or contributions permitted which do not result in direct land take and loss of qualifying species from Natura 2000 Regulations towards actions as detailed in relevant management sites or areas considered as 'functional' land. plans. Alternatively, developers should undertake a Habitats Regulations screening assessment and, Requiring development proposals that are likely to increase recreational pressure to contribute where necessary, a full appropriate assessment, to to either Suitable Alternative Natural Greenspace (in accordance with guidance to be contained demonstrate that a proposal will not adversely affect within the Natural environment SPD as to what constitutes a SANG and design requirements)

the integrity of the SPA. or relevant management plans (i.e. Heritage Coast Management Plan) will help to offset Assessment recreational pressure from local residents and manage impacts on SAC's and SPA's from Land designated and/or managed as visitors. mitigation/compensation/offsetting sites for development on Natura 2000 sites receive the same level of protection as Natura 2000 sites. Habitat or Positive effects identified: species of disturbance Requiring development proposals which may have an adverse effect upon Natura 2000 sites the to be subject to an Appropriate Assessment will ensure that development proposals are only

permitted which either do not result in the direct or indirect disturbance of qualifying SPA species County or can be mitigated.

Requiring development proposals that are likely to increase recreational pressure to contribute

Durham to either Suitable Alternative Natural Greenspace (in accordance with guidance to be contained Screening within the Natural environment SPD as to what constitutes a SANG and design requirements) or relevant management plans (i.e. Heritage Coast Management Plan) will help to offset recreational pressure from local residents and manage impacts on SAC's and SPA's from

Plan visitors.

Opinion

Preferred Ability to adapt Positive effects identified: to climate

The requirement for an appropriate assessment for all development proposals which may have change of

an adverse effect on a Natura 2000 site will ensure that development proposals that are permitted Policies

Options will not compromise the ability of habitats or species to adapt to climate change or increase the severity of climate change effects to species.

333 E 334 E Habitat

Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Screening Pathway

Regulations Requiring that development proposals located either within or within 400 metres of a Natura 2000 site are accompanied by an appropriate assessment will ensure that development that is

permitted does not contribute to coastal squeeze which can impact on the available locations Opinion for breeding, feeding and roosting of qualifying SPA species.

Assessment Can the policy / allocation be screened out? Yes of

Policies Table 84 Policy 43: National and Locally Protected Sites and Species

Details Broad Impact Pathway Potential Impact of the Development proposals in, or which are likely to adversely Air Quality This policy does not make it clear that the criteria only applies to designations impact upon, any of the following designations: outside of European designations. As there is potential for mis-interpretation it is

County not considered possible to screen this policy out for impacts via all identified Sites of Special Scientific Interest; pathways.

National Nature Reserves; Water Quality As above Durham

Local Sites; Hydrology As above

Habitat or species As above. Furthermore, inclusion of SANGs within this policy does not provide

Plan Local Nature Reserves (LNRs); destruction or them with adequate protection as delivered by Policy 42: International Wildlife fragmentation Sites which requires SANGs to receive the same level of protection as Natura

Protected and Priority species and their Habitats; and Preferred 2000 sites.

Suitable Alternative Natural Greenspace Habitat or species As above. Furthermore, inclusion of SANGs within this policy does not provide disturbance them with adequate protection as delivered by Policy 42: International Wildlife Sites which requires SANGs to receive the same level of protection as Natura

Options Will not be permitted unless it can be demonstrated that 2000 sites. the benefits of development would: Ability to adapt to climate As above change Details Broad Impact Pathway Potential Impact

a. Significantly and demonstrably outweigh the adverse impact; and Habitat b. Make a significant contribution to the management of the site, protection of species, the creation of new

habitats and the creation of local ecological networks. Regulations

Development which, alone or in combination, has a demonstrable adverse impact on the ability of protected species to survive, reproduce and maintain or expand their

current distribution will not be permitted unless: Assessment

c. There are demonstrable reasons of imperative over riding public importance; and

d. Adequate appropriate mitigation/compensation can

be provided. of the

New development should seek to create new appropriate County habitats supporting local protected and priority species.

Durham Can the policy / allocation be screened out? No. However, a slight revision to this policy and removal of reference to SANGs will enable it to be screened Screening out.

Table 85 Policy 44: Historic Environment Plan

Opinion

Details Broad Potential Impact Preferred Impact Pathway

of

Development proposals will preserve, conserve and, where possible and appropriate, enhance the Air No means for adverse effect as policy does not control Policies

Options historic environment and should avoid or mitigate against harm. Development proposals which have Quality the quantum or location of development the potential to affect designated and non-designated heritage assets and their settings will not be permitted unless it can be demonstrated that the asset would be conserved and, where appropriate, Water As above enhanced, supported by sufficient evidence. Quality 335 E 336 E Habitat

Details Broad Potential Impact Screening Impact

Pathway Regulations

Distinctive elements of County Durham's historic environment, which create a sense of local Hydrology As above

distinctiveness and identity, will be conserved and enhanced, and their potential to contribute towards Opinion wider social, cultural, economic and environmental benefits will be exploited Habitat Potential to indirectly increase recreational pressure or to coastal Natura 2000 sites as a result of requiring

Designated Heritage Assets species development to enhance heritage assets which may

Assessment destruction include promoting the educational and recreational of

Development which would lead to substantial harm to, or total loss of significance of, a designated or potential of assets relating to the heritage coast and Policies heritage asset will not be permitted unless it can be clearly and convincingly demonstrated that the fragmentation North Pennines area. May increase trampling of habitat. substantial harm or loss is necessary to achieve substantial public benefits that outweigh it, or all of the following apply: Habitat Potential to indirectly increase recreational pressure of The nature of the heritage asset prevents all reasonable uses of the site; and or to coastal Natura 2000 sites as a result of requiring the No viable use of the heritage asset itself can be found in the medium term that will enable its species development to enhance heritage assets which may disturbance include promoting the educational and recreational conservation; and County Conservation by grant-funding or some form of charitable or public ownership is demonstrably potential of assets relating to the heritage coast and not possible; and North Pennines area. May increase disturbance to SPA The harm or loss is outweighed by the benefit of bringing the site back into use. species.

Durham Development that would lead to less than substantial harm to a designated heritage asset will only Ability to Potential impacts related to recreational pressure will be permitted where that harm is outweighed by the public benefits of the proposal. When considering adapt to not build capacity in terms of enabling species to adapt the balance of considerations great weight will be given to the conservation of the asset. climate to climate change i.e. Reducing sources of harm not

Plan change linked to climate change. Designated Heritage Assets include:

Preferred Archaeological Remains Historic Battlefields Conservation Areas, their special character and appearance Listed Buildings, Buildings and structures of special architectural and historic significance,

Options including their setting Registered Historic Parks and Gardens Scheduled Ancient Monuments Durham Cathedral and Castle World Heritage Site

Non-designated Heritage Assets Details Broad Potential Impact Impact Pathway

Habitat The effect of development proposals on the significance of non-designated heritage assets will be taken into account in determining applications. In assessing proposals that affect non-designated heritage assets, either directly or indirectly, regard will be given to the significance of the heritage

asset and the scale of any harm or loss. Regulations

The provision of evidence in assessing the impact on the Non-designated heritage assets identified through the planning process will be critical in determining the application. Non-designated heritage assets may include :

Buildings and structures, identified through the planning process, of special architectural and Assessment historic significance, including their setting. Parks & Gardens of local interest (some of which have been previously identified in Local Plan. Those currently identified are shown on the Proposals Map and listed in Appendix E. Whenever necessary, sites may be added to, or removed from the list). Spaces which contribute to the significance of the historic environment.

of Assets of archaeological interest that are demonstrably of equivalent significance to scheduled

monuments. the

County Heritage Assets generally

Development will not be permitted that would entail the loss, in whole or in part, of a heritage asset (designated or non- designated) unless it can be demonstrated, or secured by other means, that the

Durham new development will proceed after the loss has occurred. Screening

Developments that promote the educational, recreational and/or tourism potential of archaeological sites and monuments through sensitive management, enhancement and interpretation, and those

Plan that offer significant improvements to heritage assets most at risk through neglect, decay or other

threats will be permitted, where they do not conflict with other policies in the Local Plan. Opinion

Preferred Development will be required to conserve, and seek opportunities to enhance, structures and areas of significance throughout County Durham including the fabric, character, setting and cultural

significance of designated and other non-designated heritage assets, including: of

Policies

Options The sensitive re-use of redundant and under-used historic buildings and areas which is consistent with their long term conservation especially in relation to the viable re-use of heritage assets at risk; and 337 E 338 E Habitat

Details Broad Potential Impact Screening Impact

Pathway Regulations

Opportunities to enhance County Durham’s historic public realm by ensuring that all development,

including transport and infrastructure work is sensitive to the historic environment. Opinion Development proposals that may affect a heritage asset should be supported by an appropriate Heritage Statement which should describe and assess the significance of the heritage asset/s

affected, including any contribution made by their setting, and how the proposed development

Assessment responds to it. of

Policies Enabling development

Enabling development which is intended to secure the future of heritage assets but contravenes other

policies in the Plan will not be permitted unless: of the It will not harm the significance of the asset or its setting;

It will secure the long-term future of an asset and, where applicable, its continued use for a County sympathetic purpose; It is necessary to resolve problems arising from the inherent needs of an asset, rather than the circumstances of the present owner, or the purchase price paid;

Durham Sufficient subsidy is not available from any other source; It is demonstrated that the amount of enabling development is the minimum necessary to secure the future of the asset and that its form minimises harm to public interests; and The public benefit of securing the future of the asset through such enabling development

Plan decisively outweighs the disbenefits of breaching other policies.

Preferred Can the policy / allocation be screened out? No

Options Table 86 Policy 45: Durham Cathedral and Castle World Heritage Site

Details Broad Potential Impact Impact

Habitat Pathway

The Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) of the World Heritage Site (WHS) will be protected by Air There are no means for adverse effect as a result of requiring development proposals to demonstrate that full consideration has been given to their Quality this policy as it does not govern the location or quantum

Regulations impacts. Proposals will need to demonstrate that the development will cause no substantial harm of development. (including cumulative or consequential harm) to the significance of the WHS either through impacts on its fabric, character or setting. Water As above Quality Developments should take opportunities to make a positive contribution to the WHS and its setting Hydrology As above and to support and sustain its positive management. Assessment Habitat As above or species destruction or of fragmentation the Habitat As above

County or species disturbance

Durham Screening Ability to As above adapt to climate

change Plan

Can the policy / allocation be screened out? Yes Opinion

Preferred

of

Policies

Options 339 E 340 E Habitat

Table 87 Policy 46:The Water Environment Screening

Details Broad Impact Potential Impact

Regulations Pathway

All development proposals will be required to consider the effect of the Air Quality No specific impact. There is no mechanism by which this policy could lead Opinion proposed development on flood risk, both on-site and off-site, to adverse impacts via this impact pathway since it controls rather than commensurate with the scale and impact of the development. Where there promotes development.

is the possibility of any flood risk to the site, or the potential for flood risk

Assessment impact on other sites, a site-specific Flood Risk Assessment will be Water Quality Policy aims to ensure no net increase in surface water run off and restrict of

required. Development will not be permitted unless: development which would impact upon surface or ground water quality. Policies

Suggest that this policy should include reference to prioritisation of water treatment systems to areas not connected by mains sewerage to protect a) In the functional floodplain, as identified in the Strategic Flood Risk Natura 2000 sites in remote areas of West Durham. Potential for cumulative of Assessment, it is water compatible or essential infrastructure; impact of individual cess pits and sceptic tanks to water quality serving the Natura 2000 sites.

County

b) In flood zones 2 and 3a it passes the Sequential Test, and if necessary Hydrology Policy aims to ensure no net increase in surface water run off which could the Exceptions Test, as required by national policy; affect flows to Natura 2000 sites

Durham

Habitat or Potential reduction in surface water runoff affecting erosion of sites. Gullying c) The Flood Risk Assessment demonstrates that the development, species has been identified as an issue for Castle Eden Dene SAC

destruction or

Plan including the access, will be safe, without increasing flood risk elsewhere and where possible will reduce flood risk overall; fragmentation

Preferred Habitat or No specific impact. There is no mechanism by which this policy could lead species to adverse impacts via this impact pathway since it controls rather than d) There is no net increase in surface water runoff. Surface water runoff disturbance promotes development. should be managed at source wherever possible, avoiding disposal to

Ability to adapt to No specific impact. There is no mechanism by which this policy could lead

Options combined (public) sewers. Development should set part of the site aside for surface water management, and use other measures to contribute to climate change to adverse impacts via this impact pathway since it controls rather than flood risk management in the wider area and supplement green promotes development. infrastructure networks, contributing to mitigation of climate change and flooding as an alternative or complementary to hard engineering.

This particularly applies to developments in the Key Surface Water Flood Risk Areas, as identified in the Surface Water Management Plan. Priority should be given to incorporating Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Pathway

Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS) to manage surface water drainage,

Habitat unless it is proven that SuDS are not appropriate. Where SuDs are provided arrangements must be put in place for their whole life management and maintenance.

Regulations

Developer contributions in accordance with Policy 64 may be required for improvement works to ensure that the drainage infrastructure can cope with the capacity required to support new development.

Assessment

Water Quality

of Development which would affect the quality or quantity of surface or the groundwater, flow of groundwater or ability to abstract water will not be

permitted unless it can be demonstrated that no significant adverse impact County would occur or mitigation can be put in place to minimise this impact.

Durham Screening All development must demonstrate control of quality of surface water runoff during construction, and for the lifetime of the development. For major developments, the management of water should be an intrinsic part of the

Plan overall development.

Opinion

Preferred Can the policy / allocation be screened out? Yes - although suggest issue of non mains sewerage is incorporated into this policy.

of

Policies

Options 341 E 342 E Habitat

E.5 Transport and Infrastructure Screening

Table 88 Policy 47:Promoting Sustainable Travel

Regulations

Details Broad Impact Potential Impact

Pathway Opinion

Promoting Sustainable Travel: Air Quality No specific impact: policy does not have control over quantum or location of new development,

which could have an adverse impact on Natura 2000 sites. Policy provides mitigation in respect

Assessment All development proposals should promote sustainable of reducing levels of traffic growth and subsequent nitrogen deposition. of

travel by: Policies

a. Promoting, accommodating, and facilitating Water Quality As above. investment in sustainable modes of travel such as public transport, cycling and walking; of the b. Providing appropriate, well designed, convenient, Hydrology As above. safe and secure parking for vehicles and cycles; County and

c. Ensuring that any new traffic generated by new

Durham development can be safely accommodated on the local and strategic highway network, or can Habitat or As above. be made safe by appropriate transport species improvements. destruction or

fragmentation Plan

Habitat or As above.

All major development proposals should be supported Preferred by a Transport Statement or by a Transport species Assessment and Travel Plan. disturbance Ability to adapt As above. Commercial development creating 100 or more parking

to climate Options spaces should include 3 charging points for electric change vehicles and 15% car sharing parking bays per 100 parking spaces provided. Where development providing accommodation (hotels etc), is permitted, 1 in 20 spaces should be allocated for electric car charging. Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Pathway

Can the policy / allocation be screened out? Yes Habitat Table 89 Policy 48: Provision of New Transport Infrastructure

Regulations Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Pathway

Provision of New Transport Infrastructure Air Quality Provision of New Transport Infrastructure:

Provision of new transport infrastructure identified in the County No specific impact: New development in line with this part of the policy will be in

Assessment Durham Infrastructure Delivery Plan that enhances connectivity both accordance with other relevant Local Plan Policies, including Policy 42 International within the County and with other parts of the region and beyond to Wildlife Sites. deliver economic growth, regeneration and tourism will be permitted providing it conforms with other policies in the Plan. Safeguarding Routes and Facilities:

New highway schemes will be approved where they: Only potential air quality impacts relate to construction of safeguarded routes and of facilities where not currently in existence or operation. By ensuring that the a. Are necessary to improve the existing highway network; development does not prevent the implementation of safeguarded routes that do not currently exist or are not operational (f,g,l,m) it is considered that this policy

County b. Accommodate future development sites; indirectly promotes their development. Specifically, a potential for dust emissions as a result of construction of Peterlee/ Horden Rail Station may impact on Durham c. Avoid harmful impact upon residential amenity; Coast SAC.

Durham Screening d. Minimise the harmful impact on the natural and built environment; and Water Quality Provision of New Transport Infrastructure:

No specific impact: New development in line with this part of the policy will be in Plan e. Make safe and proper provision for the movement of

accordance with other relevant Local Plan Policies, including Policy 42 International pedestrians, cyclists and public transport. Opinion Wildlife Sites.

Preferred

Safeguarding Routes and Facilities:

of By ensuring that development does not prevent the implementation of safeguarded

Safeguarding Routes and Facilities Policies

routes that do not currently exist or are not operational (f,g,l,m) it is considered Options that this policy indirectly promotes their development. Potential for adverse effect in relation to run off to Durham Coast SAC as a result of the development of the Peterlee/ Horden Rail Station. 343 E 344 E Habitat

Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Screening Pathway

Regulations Development that would prevent the implementation of the following Hydrology Provision of New Transport Infrastructure: safeguarded transport routes, as shown on the proposals map and

in Appendix N, will not be permitted: No specific impact: New development in line with this part of the policy will be in Opinion accordance with other relevant Local Plan Policies, including Policy 42 International f. Strategic cycling routes within and between the 12 main towns; Wildlife Sites.

Assessment g. Leamside Line; Safeguarding Routes and Facilities: of

Policies h. Railhead at Seaham Harbour; By ensuring that development does not prevent the implementation of safeguarded routes that do not currently exist or are not operational (f,g,l,m) it is considered i. Thrislington Rail Head; that this policy indirectly promotes their development. However, development of these routes are unlikely to affect water supply required by Natura 2000 sites. of

j. Ferryhill-Cornforth-Raisby Quarry alignment; the Habitat or Provision of New Transport Infrastructure:

County k. Rail Facility at Ferryhill Station; species destruction or No specific impact: New development in line with this part of the policy will be in l. Stillington Line; fragmentation accordance with other relevant Local Plan Policies, including Policy 42 International

Durham Wildlife Sites. m. A new rail station at Peterlee/Horden to serve the Durham Coast Line; and Safeguarding Routes and Facilities:

n. Investment in the Weardale Heritage Railway & Bishop

Plan By ensuring that development does not prevent the implementation of safeguarded Auckland to Darlington railway lines. routes that do not currently exist or are not operational (f,g,l,m) it is considered that this policy indirectly promotes their development. Potential for the new rail

Preferred station at Peterlee / Horden to increase access to the coast and subsequent trampling of Durham Coast SAC depending on rights of way created from the new station.

Options Habitat or Provision of New Transport Infrastructure: species disturbance No specific impact: New development in line with this part of the policy will be in accordance with other relevant Local Plan Policies, including Policy 42 International Wildlife Sites.

Safeguarding Routes and Facilities: Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Pathway

By ensuring that development does not prevent the implementation of safeguarded

Habitat routes that do not currently exist or are not operational (f,g,l,m) it is considered that this policy indirectly promotes their development. Potential for the new rail station at Peterlee / Horden to increase access to the coast and subsequent

disturbance to activities of SPA species. Regulations

Ability to adapt Provision of New Transport Infrastructure: to climate change No specific impact: New development in line with this part of the policy will be in

accordance with other relevant Local Plan Policies, including Policy 42 International Assessment Wildlife Sites.

Safeguarding Routes and Facilities:

By ensuring that development does not prevent the implementation of safeguarded routes that do not currently exist or are not operational (f,g,l,m) it is considered of that this policy indirectly promotes their development. Potential impacts identified the will not contribute to building capacity for species to adapt to climate change i.e.

By reducing sources of harm not linked to cliamte change. County

Can the policy / allocation be screened out? No - To ensure the environmental acceptability of any development/ operation relating to safeguarded

Durham routes and facilities that come forward during the Plan period, it is advised that the policy is amended Screening to include a requirement for proposals to be in accordance with Local Plan Policy 42 (International Wildlife Sites).

Plan

Opinion

Preferred

of

Policies

Options 345 E 346 E Habitat

Table 90 Policy 49: Utilities, Telecommunications and other Broadcast Infrastructure Screening

Details Broad Impact Potential Impact

Regulations Pathway

Proposals for new or extension to existing energy Air Quality Policy states that proposals for infrastructure must be in accordance with all other relevant Opinion generation(138), utility transmission facilities, policies within the plan, this will therefore include the need to address the specific Natural telecommunication masts or other broadcast Environment policies including; Biodiversity and Geodiversity and International Wildlife Sites.

equipment which facilitate the electronic transfer of

Assessment data, will be permitted where: The policy can therefore be screened as development will not adversely impact upon Natura of

The development is of an appropriate scale and 2000 sites Policies it is sited and designed to minimise its impact on visual amenity in line with Policy 18 (Local Amenity); Water Quality As above of It is located at an existing mast or transmission Hydrology As above the site, where it is technically and operationally Habitat or As above feasible; County species destruction or The benefits of the scheme outweigh any fragmentation negative impacts, particularly in areas of

Durham sensitivity such as AONB; Green Belt, World Habitat or As above Heritage Site or Conservation Area; and species disturbance The proposal conforms with all other relevant

Plan policies in the Local Plan. Ability to adapt As above to climate

Preferred change

Can the policy / allocation be screened out? Yes

Options

138 other than renewable energy generation which is covered in Policy 20 (Renewable Energy Development). Table 91 Policy 50: Sewage and Waste Water Infrastructure

Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Pathway Habitat Sewage and Waste Water Infrastructure Air Quality No specific adverse impacts. Development of new sewage and waste water infrastructure will need to conform with Policy 42: International Wildlife Sites. It is Proposals for new, or extensions to existing, waste water or sewage therefore considered that impacts in relation to construction of treatment works

Regulations treatment works will be permitted where: and dust emissions to Natura 2000 sites will be taken into account.

a. They are required to improve the treatment of sewage and waste water; or Water Quality This policy will ensure that increased discharge of waste waters to watercourses as a result of proposed development will be adequately treated prior to discharge protecting the quality of Durham County's watercourses. Proposals will also be b. The are required to improve discharge standards; or Assessment required to conform with Policy 42: International Wildlife Sites. No means of c. They are required to increase the treatment capacity; and adverse effects to Natura 2000 sites identified.

d. They are suitably located in relation to the drainage system; Hydrology No specific adverse impacts. Development of new sewage and waste water and infrastructure will need to conform with Policy 42: International Wildlife Sites. It is therefore considered that impacts in relation to hydrological systems and any of knock on effects to Natura 2000 sites if relevant will be taken into account.

e. The proposal conforms with all other relevant policies in the the Local Plan. Habitat or Considering the location of existing facilities/ infrastructure there will be no loss

County species of habitat or species within a SAC/ SPA (i.e. Through direct land take or as a result destruction or of loss of functional land) if any extensions are proposed. fragmentation

Local Plan Policy 42 International Wildlife Sites will also ensure that through the Durham Screening planning process no new development will be permitted if it results in the direct land take of designated areas or if new facilities/ extensions to infrastructure result in the loss of functional land that supports qualifying species.

Plan

Opinion Habitat or Considering the location of existing facilities/ infrastructure there is unlikely to be

Preferred species an increase in levels of disturbance to qualifying species through noise pollution disturbance if any extensions are proposed.

of Local Plan Policy 42 International Wildlife Sites will also ensure that through the

Policies

planning process no new development will be permitted if it results disturbance Options of qualifying species either within SPAs or on functional land that supports them. 347 E 348 E Habitat

Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Screening Pathway

Regulations Ability to adapt Considering the location of existing facilities/ infrastructure if any extensions are to climate proposed they are unlikely to restrict the movement of qualifying species in

change response to climate change. Opinion

Local Plan Policy 42 International Wildlife Sites will also ensure that through the

planning process no new development will be permitted if it restricts the movement

Assessment of qualifying species either within SPAs or on functional land that supports them. of

Policies

Can the policy / allocation be screened out? Yes of the

County

Durham

Plan

Preferred

Options E.6 Minerals and Waste

Table 92 Policy 51: Sustainable Minerals and Waste Resource Management

Habitat Details Broad Potential Impact Impact Pathway

Regulations All new built development proposals should use mineral resources efficiently, minimise waste and, Air No specific impact: this policy does not assume the where technically and economically feasible, use a proportion of recycled and secondary aggregates Quality acceptability of any permanent or temporary sites for in place of primary minerals. the extraction, handling, processing or stockpiling of either mineral or waste resources. All proposals for mineral extraction will be required to minimise the amount of mineral waste produced

in extraction, handling, processing and stockpiling; and maximise the potential for mineral waste to This policy also seeks to ensure that relevant proposals Assessment be used in recycling or on-site restoration. If mineral waste is not required for these purposes then do not have a significant adverse impact on the where practicable, a market for its potential use should be identified. environment by requiring them to be in accordance with other Local Plan policies. Specifically this policy Where mineral extraction is acceptable in principle the concurrent working of two or more minerals will be delivered in conjunction with the International from the same site will be encouraged and permitted provided that: Wildlife Sites Policy which requires development that

is likely to have an adverse impact on Natura 2000 of a. The operation or restoration of the site is not prejudiced or significantly delayed; and sites to be subject to a screening assessment to the determine the need for Appropriate Assessment, in

b. The overall proposal remains acceptable and does not have a significant adverse impact on accordance with the Habitats Regulations 2010. County the the environment and amenity of local communities in accordance with other relevant policies of the County Durham Plan. Water As above.

Durham Proposals for temporary recycling facilities related to construction, demolition and highway projects Quality Screening with on-site re-use of materials will be supported. Proposals for temporary recycling facilities for construction and demolition wastes will also be permitted at active quarries and landfill sites for a Hydrology As above. temporary period not exceeding the permitted life of the quarry or landfill site provided that:

Plan Habitat As above.

or c. The operation or restoration of the site is not prejudiced or significantly delayed; and Opinion species

Preferred d. The overall proposal remains acceptable and does not have a significant adverse impact on destruction the the environment and amenity of local communities in accordance with other relevant policies or

of the County Durham Plan. fragmentation of

Policies

Habitat As above. Options or 349 E 350 E Habitat

Details Broad Potential Impact Screening Impact

Pathway Regulations

The extraction of minerals will be permitted only for the purposes for which their specific qualities are species

essential. Control will be exercised through use of conditions, planning obligations or other legal disturbance Opinion agreements as necessary and appropriate. Ability to As above.

adapt to

Assessment climate of

change Policies

Can the policy / allocation be screened out? Yes

of Table 93 Policy 52: Safeguarding Minerals Related Infrastructure and Waste Management Sites the Details Broad Potential Impact

County Impact Pathway

Important minerals related infrastructure including mineral processing infrastructure, secondary Air No specific impact: policy does not relate to the Durham aggregates recycling facilities, concreting plants, mineral transportation infrastructure and waste Quality development of new or extensions to existing minerals management sites, as shown on the Proposals Map(139), shall be safeguarded and protected from and waste sites or related infrastructure. all non minerals and non waste related development.

Plan Planning permission will not be granted for non-minerals or non-waste related development The designation of safeguarded minerals related

Preferred a. That would result in the loss of established minerals related infrastructure and waste management infrastructure and waste management sites also does sites unless it it can be demonstrated that the infrastructure no longer meets the current or not assume acceptability of new mineral or waste anticipated future needs of the minerals, building and construction industry or the waste related development or the continued working of/at the management industry; and sites listed in Appendix Q.

Options b. That is proposed in the vicinity of existing minerals related infrastructure or waste management sites unless it can be demonstrated that it will not prevent or prejudice the current operation or Water As above. future use of the minerals related infrastructure or waste management site. Quality

Hydrology As above.

139 These facilities are listed in Appendix Q 'Safeguarded Minerals and Waste Sites'. Details Broad Potential Impact Impact Pathway

Habitat Habitat As above. or species

destruction Regulations or fragmentation

Habitat As above. or

species Assessment disturbance

Ability to As above. adapt to climate change of the Can the policy / allocation be screened out? Yes

County Table 94 Policy 53: Meeting the Need for Primary Aggregates (part a)

Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Durham Screening Pathway

The Council will make sufficient land available for mineral working to enable a steady Air Quality Whilst this policy requires that there will be no

and adequate supply of primary aggregates to be maintained. significant adverse impacts on the environment in Plan

accordance with other relevant policies of the Plan In making decisions on proposals for new aggregate workings the Council will seek to (Policy 42 International Wildlife Sites would apply in Opinion

Preferred maintain a crushed rock aggregate landbank of at least ten years and maintain a sand this respect) this is couched in terms of its relationship and gravel landbank of at least seven years. Proposals for further working will not be to proposals where landbank requirements would be

permitted where the crushed rock or sand and gravel landbank is significantly in excess significantly exceeded and not in broader terms in of of the landbank unless: respect of all minerals working proposals.. A

Policies

precautionary approach is also required due to the Options a. The site is allocated as a strategic site within the Local Plan or a non-strategic site level of uncertainty within this policy. This policy in the Minerals and Waste Policies and Allocations Development Plan Document; stipulates that or 351 E 352 E Habitat

Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Screening Pathway

Regulations b. The proposal contributes to meeting the identified need for carboniferous limestone 'proposals for further working will not be permitted (7.2 million tonnes of carboniferous limestone in the period to 2020 and a further 9 where the crushed rock or sand and gravel landbank

million tonnes in the period beyond 2020) and that this identified need has not been is significantly in excess of the landbank unless: Opinion subsequently met by new permissions, and new working does not add significantly to the total landbank of permitted reserves in the County; or The site is allocated as a strategic site within the

Local Plan or a non-strategic site in the Minerals and

Assessment c. The Annual County Durham Local Aggregate Assessment identifies a need for Waste Policies and Allocations Development Plan of

further working that cannot be met by either strategic allocations within the Local Document.' Policies Plan or non-strategic allocations within the Minerals and Waste Policies and Allocations Development Plan Document or by existing planning permissions, and Whilst it has been possible to screen out impacts new working does not add significantly to the total landbank of permitted reserves related to the proposed strategic sites, a list of

in the County; or non-strategic allocations have not yet been drafted of and a such this policy cannot be screened out. The the d. Working would prevent the sterilisation of mineral resources and mineral extraction allocation of non-strategic mineral sites could impact

in advance of other development which is either subject to planning permission or on Natura 2000 sites through all identified pathways. County allocated in the County Durham Plan (in accordance with Policy 58 (Safeguarding Mineral Resources)); or The list of non-strategic allocations for inclusion in the Minerals and Waste Policies and Allocations

Durham e. The proposal is acceptable as a borrow pit and would provide aggregates in proximity Development Plan Document will need to take to a specific construction project; and account of the findings of the Minerals Bridging Assessment contained within the Interim Habitat f. There will be no significant adverse impacts on the environment and amenity of Regulations Assessment Screening Report of the

Plan local communities in accordance with other relevant policies of the Plan. County Durham Plan 2011/12.

Preferred Water Quality As above

Hydrology As above

Habitat or species As above Options destruction or fragmentation

Habitat or species As above disturbance

Ability to adapt to As above climate change Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Pathway

Can the policy / allocation be screened out? No Habitat Table 95 Meeting the Need for Primary Aggregates (part b - Magnesian Limestone)

Regulations Details Broad Impact Pathway Potential Impact

Location of Working for Specific Minerals Air Quality Whilst this policy stipulates that no new or extended magnesian limestone workings will be permitted during the Plan Period, the Magnesian Limestone supporting text states that:

Assessment During the Plan period to 2030, no new or extended magnesian 'In order for the remaining quarries to meet future predicted need, limestone workings will be permitted for either aggregate or it will be necessary for: agricultural lime production. The scale of extraction at a number of magnesian limestone quarries to increase over and above current levels including potentially from currently inactive sites. Should further production be necessary, it of is recognised that magnesian limestone aggregate may potentially the be obtained from Hawthorn Quarry following the agreement of new modern working and restoration conditions by the Council under

County the provision of the Environment Act 1995.'

The bridging assessment undertaken of magnesian limestone

quarries identified the following in terms of active sites: Durham Screening

if production at Old Quarrington Quarry were to increase over the life of the County Durham Plan, thereby increasing vehicle

movements, mitigation measures are likely to be required. Materials Plan

from this site are transported to markets via the A19 which passes Opinion within 200 metres of Castle Eden Dene SAC. Castle Eden Dene

Preferred SAC is currently exceeding critical thresholds of nitrogen deposition and therefore any increase in vehicle emissions in combination with

those anticipated as a result of growth in the East of the County are of

considered likely to significantly affect the integrity of this SAC. Policies

Options The bridging assessment undertaken of magnesian limestone quarries identified the following in terms of the inactive site - Hawthorn Quarry: 353 E 354 E Habitat

Details Broad Impact Pathway Potential Impact Screening

If proposals to re-work this site were agreed it is likely that the

Regulations operation of the site would increase HGV traffic on the A19 passing Castle Eden Dene SAC. Castle Eden Dene SAC is exceeding critical

thresholds in respect of nitrogen deposition. Any increase in vehicle Opinion emissions to this site are therefore considered as a significant impact.

Assessment In terms of dust emissions, MPS2 advises that the greatest of

proportion of dust emitted from mineral working largely deposit Policies within 100 metres of sources. Durham Coast SAC is the nearest Natura 2000 site to the quarry at over 200 metres east. However, as this site is within the prevailing wind direction of Hawthorn Quarry

it is suggested that a precautionary approach should be taken and of significant effects as a result of dust emissions cannot be screened the out at this stage.

County

Water Quality The mineral bridging assessment concluded that there is unlikely to be any significant affect to the integrity of Natura 2000 sites via

Durham this impact pathway as a result of the continued working of active magnesian limestone quarries. However, in relation to inactive sites Hawthorn Quarry has the potential to lead to significant adverse effects as follows:

Plan Hawthorn Quarry is not linked directly to Natura 2000 sites by way

of surface watercourses. However the site is approximately 150 Preferred metres north of Hawthorn Burn which transects Durham Coast SAC. Any deterioration in water quality to this Burn as a result of quarry operations could lead to significant adverse effects on site integrity due to the water dependant nature of the SAC.

Options The re-working of Hawthorn Quarry could also impact on groundwater quality to Durham Coast SAC which is water dependent and within Natural England's buffer zone of 500 metres from SSSI's in relation to determining whether proposals should be examined in detail by Natural England's Land Use Operation Team as a result of discharges to groundwater. Details Broad Impact Pathway Potential Impact

Hydrology The mineral bridging assessment concluded that there is unlikely to be any significant affect to the integrity of Natura 2000 sites via

Habitat this impact pathway as a result of the continued working of active magnesian limestone quarries. However, in relation to inactive sites Hawthorn Quarry has the potential to lead to significant adverse

effects as follows: Regulations

It is likely that impacts to water levels would need to be considered in detail due to the water dependant nature of the SAC and SPA and component SSSI (Durham Coast).

Natural England have identified a 3km buffer for determining whether Assessment quarry proposals would need to be examined in detail by Natural England's Land Use Operation Team in terms of impact of change in water levels on SSSI's. Hawthorn Quarry is within this buffer.

Habitat or species destruction or The mineral bridging assessment concluded that there is unlikely of fragmentation to be any significant affect to the integrity of Natura 2000 sites via the this impact pathway as a result of the continued working of active

magnesian limestone quarries. However, in relation to inactive sites County Hawthorn Quarry has the potential to lead to significant adverse effects as follows:

Durham Although this site is not within a SAC or SPA, proposals to re-work Screening the site may adversely affect air quality, surface and groundwater quality and levels which support the health and function of the habitat of Castle Eden Dene SAC and Durham Coast SAC.

Plan

Any impact to the qualifying habitat of Durham Coast SAC may also Opinion

be considered as affecting functional land supporting qualifying Preferred species of Northumbria Coast SPA.

The Mapping Sensitive Areas for Birds Report indicates that the of

land surrounding Hawthorn quarry is of International Importance Policies

Options and Natural England have identified Durham Coast SSSI (component SSSI of Durham Coast SAC) as a category 5 buffer for bird species (800 metres) in terms of criteria for determining 355 E 356 E Habitat

Details Broad Impact Pathway Potential Impact Screening

whether a proposal should be examined in detail by Natural

Regulations England's Land Use Operation Team due to sensitivities of qualifying bird species. Hawthorn Quarry is within this buffer.

Opinion However, the most recent bird study undertaken along Durham's coastline (A study of over-wintering waterbirds of the Durham Coast

Dec 2011 - March 2012) indicates that qualifying bird species

Assessment populate high tide roost area and low tide feeding areas of

approximately 1km north of Hawthorn Quarry at Noses Point and Policies approximately 2km south of the site at Shot Rock. The re-working of Hawthorn Quarry is therefore unlikely to result in the direct loss of functional land supporting Northumbria Coast SPA. of the Habitat or species disturbance The mineral bridging assessment concluded that there is unlikely

to be any significant affect to the integrity of Natura 2000 sites via County this impact pathway as a result of the continued working of active magnesian limestone quarries. However, in relation to inactive sites Hawthorn Quarry has the potential to lead to significant adverse

Durham effects as follows:

The re-working of Hawthorn Quarry could potentially increase disturbance by way of blasting and vibration levels to qualifying bird

Plan species of Northumbria Coast SPA which have been identified as utilising high tide roost areas and low tide feeding areas 1km north

and 2km south of the quarry. Preferred

Ability to adapt to climate change The mineral bridging assessment concluded that there is unlikely to be any significant affect to the integrity of Natura 2000 sites via

Options this impact pathway as a result of the continued working of active magnesian limestone quarries. However, in relation to inactive sites Hawthorn Quarry has the potential to lead to significant adverse effects as follows:

As Hawthorn Quarry is located to the west of the Durham Coast Main Line it's operation is unlikely to impact on the movement of qualifying habitat of Durham Coast SAC by means of coastal squeeze. However, there is potential for the re-working of Hawthorn Details Broad Impact Pathway Potential Impact

quarry to impact on groundwater levels to Durham Coast SAC which could act in-combination with climate change related events

Habitat increasing severity of impact.

Disturbance levels as a result of re-working of Hawthorn Quarry

coupled with natural retreat of the coastline could impact on the Regulations ability of qualifying species to adapt to climate change (find new roost and inland feeding areas)

Can the policy / allocation be screened out? No

Assessment Table 96 Policy 53: Meeting the Need for Primary Aggregates (part c - Carboniferous Limestone)

Details Broad Impact Pathway Potential Impact

Location of Working for Specific Minerals Air Quality It is considered that it is not possible to screen the impact of this of policy out as a large proportion of the designated AONB area the Carboniferous Limestone includes numerous Natura 2000 site designations covering a similar geographic area.

County In order to meet the identified need for further carboniferous limestone working, priority will be given to proposals for major The wording 'will only be permitted in exceptional circumstance' is new sites and extensions to existing sites in locations outside - not explicit in terms of what this includes and the wording 'which is

and which do not adversely impact upon - the North Pennines sufficient to outweigh the need to conserve the area' does not take Durham Screening AONB. into account the numerous Natura 2000 site designations within the AONB and the unlikelihood that proposals for mineral working Major new sites or major extensions to existing sites within or would pass all further statutory tests of 'no alternatives' (from a

adjacent to the North Pennines AONB will be subject to the most regional perspective) and 'imperative reasons of overriding public Plan

rigorous examination and will only be permitted in exceptional interest' set out in Regulation 62. Opinion circumstances, and where there is an overriding need for the

Preferred mineral which can not be met from alternative sites or locations It is also considered that small scale extensions to existing quarries outside of the AONB and which is sufficient to outweigh the need and limited re-working of former carboniferous limestone quarries

to conserve the area. that are in need of restoration within or adjacent to the North of Pennines AONB may give rise to significant effects as proposals

Policies

Small scale extensions to existing quarries and limited reworking may come forward for the re-working of existing sites within SAC's Options of former carboniferous limestone quarries that are in need of and SPA's which are unlikely to avoid significant adverse 'wildlife' restoration within or adjacent to the North Pennines AONB will be impacts. As this policy is 'couched' in the protection of the AONB it carefully considered. Proposals should conserve the natural beauty also does not take into account that only mitigation proposed on 357 E 358 E Habitat

Details Broad Impact Pathway Potential Impact Screening

of the landscape and countryside, wildlife and cultural heritage, SACs/SPAs can be considered when undertaking the appropriate

Regulations avoid adverse impacts on recreational opportunities and provide assessment, and not any compensatory measures or subsequent substantive landscape, biodiversity and/or geodiversity benefits restoration proposals.

upon restoration. Opinion The bridging assessment undertaken of Carboniferous Limestone Sites identified that all dormant sites and inactive sites with the

exception of Scutterhill Quarry and Side Head Quarry in Westgate

Assessment have the potential to significantly affect the integrity of the North of

Pennine Moors SAC and SPA through all identified impact pathways. Policies The most direct impact types are likely to occur as a result of re-working Bollihope sites and Washpool Craggs Quarry which are located within the SAC and SPA and Harrowbank and Ashby Bank

which is located directly adjacent to the North Pennine Moors SAC of and SPA. the

The policy should stipulate that future working is directed away from County SAC's and SPAs within the AONB and then consider where working would be permitted in the rest of the AONB outside of Natura 2000 site designations.

Durham

Water Quality As above

Plan Hydrology As above

Habitat or species destruction or As above

Preferred fragmentation

Habitat or species disturbance As above

Ability to adapt to climate change As above Options

Can the policy / allocation be screened out? No Table 97 Policy 53: Meeting the Need for Primary Aggregates (part d- Dolerite)

Details Broad Impact Pathway Potential Impact

Habitat Location of Working for Specific Minerals Air Quality The bridging assessment undertaken of Dolerite Sites with existing permissions states that: Dolerite Until the ROMP of Force Garth Quarry is determined it is advised

Regulations If an alternative supply of dolerite to that currently available at that the County Durham Plan does not rely on the continued working Force Garth Quarry is required to enable a steady and adequate of Force Garth Quarry to ensure continuity of dolerite supply. In supply, proposals for mineral working will only be permitted terms of all existing dormant dolerite sites in County Durham, it is provided that there is a need for the mineral which cannot be met considered that all sites have the potential to significantly affect the from other existing permissions within County Durham or integrity of Natura 2000 sites by all identified pathways as the

alternative sources elsewhere. majority of sites are adjacent to the North Pennine Moors SAC and Assessment SPA and within close proximity to the North Pennine Dales Meadows SAC.

It is therefore considered, (in the absence of information to support an appropriate assessment of dormant dolerite quarries) that relying on other existing permissions is likely to cause significant adverse of effects to the integrity of Natura 2000 sites. the

County Water Quality As above

Hydrology As above

Durham Screening Habitat or species destruction or As above fragmentation

Habitat or species disturbance As above Plan

Ability to adapt to climate change As above Opinion

Preferred Can the policy / allocation be screened out? No

of

Policies

Options 359 E 360 E Habitat

Table 98 Policy 53: Meeting the Need for Primary Aggregates (part e- Sand and Gravel) Screening

Details Broad Impact Pathway Potential Impact

Regulations Location of Working for Specific Minerals Air Quality The bridging assessment undertaken of Basal Sand and Gravel

Sites with existing permissions states that: Opinion If further working is necessary towards the end of the Plan period, in order to enable a steady and adequate supply of sand and If production were to be increased at existing sites for any mineral

gravel and maintain the sand and gravel landbank in excess of type contained within existing magnesian limestone sites, leading

Assessment the minimum seven year period, then proposals for further basal to increased HGV movements on the A19 passing Castle Eden of

permian sand extraction from beneath the floor of existing Dene SAC, mitigation measures would be required. Mitigation would Policies magnesian limestone quarries will be prioritised, followed by the be required to reduce the in-combination effects of increased air lateral extension of existing magnesian limestone quarries, or via pollution to this site as a result of additional production from existing extensions to other sand and gravel sites outside of sites and increased housing, tourism and business growth in the environmentally important areas. East of the County. Mitigation could require conditions stipulating of the use of alternative routes or alternative methods of freight the transportation (i.e. Rail).

County The wording within this policy 'proposals for further basal permian sand extraction from beneath the floor of existing magnesian limestone quarries.' also gives rise to ambiguity.

Durham Existing sites could include all those with planning permission which would include Hawthorn Quarry which has planning permission until 2042. The bridging assessment for this site identified the following

Plan issues:

f proposals to re-work this site were agreed it is likely that the Preferred operation of the site would increase HGV traffic on the A19 passing Castle Eden Dene SAC. Castle Eden Dene SAC is exceeding critical thresholds in respect of nitrogen deposition. Any increase in vehicle emissions to this site are therefore considered as a significant

Options impact.

In terms of dust emissions, MPS2 advises that the greatest proportion of dust emitted from mineral working largely deposit within 100 metres of sources. Durham Coast SAC is the nearest Natura 2000 site to the quarry at over 200 metres east. However, as this site is within the prevailing wind direction of Hawthorn Quarry Details Broad Impact Pathway Potential Impact

it is suggested that a precautionary approach should be taken and significant effects as a result of dust emissions cannot be screened

Habitat out at this stage.

The bridging assessment undertaken of proposed Fluvial sand and

gravel sites (Low Harperley and Hummerbeck) considered that Regulations these sites are unlikely to cause significant adverse effects to Natura 2000 sites via any identified impact pathway.

Water Quality Prioritising proposals for further basal permian sand extraction from

beneath the floor of existing magnesian limestone quarries will not Assessment give rise to adverse effects as the minerals bridging assessment concluded that all active Magnesian Limestone sites in areas where basal permian sand is present are unlikely to significantly affect the integrity of Natura 2000 sites.

However, lateral extensions to magnesian limestone quarries or of fluvial sand quarries (despite being outside of environmentally the important areas) has the potential to affect the integrity of Natura

2000 sites via discharges and pollution of ground and surface County waters.

Durham Hydrology Prioritising proposals for further basal permian sand extraction from Screening beneath the floor of existing magnesian limestone quarries will not give rise to adverse effects as the minerals bridging assessment concluded that all active Magnesian Limestone sites in areas where

Plan basal permian sand is present are unlikely to significantly affect the

integrity of Natura 2000 sites. Opinion

Preferred However, lateral extensions to magnesian limestone quarries or fluvial sand quarries (despite being outside of environmentally

important areas) has the potential to affect the integrity of Natura of

2000 sites via changes to water levels supplying sites. Policies

Options 361 E 362 E Habitat

Details Broad Impact Pathway Potential Impact Screening

Habitat or species destruction or Prioritising proposals for further basal permian sand extraction from

Regulations fragmentation beneath the floor of existing magnesian limestone quarries will not give rise to adverse effects as the minerals bridging assessment

concluded that all active Magnesian Limestone sites in areas where Opinion basal permian sand is present are unlikely to significantly affect the integrity of Natura 2000 sites.

Assessment However, lateral extensions to magnesian limestone quarries or of

fluvial sand quarries (despite being outside of environmentally Policies important areas) has the potential to affect the integrity of Natura 2000 sites. Whilst lateral extensions are unlikely to result in direct land take from SACs and SPAs they may result in the loss of land

considerd as 'functional' land. of the

Habitat or species disturbance Prioritising proposals for further basal permian sand extraction from County beneath the floor of existing magnesian limestone quarries will not give rise to adverse effects as the minerals bridging assessment concluded that all active Magnesian Limestone sites in areas where

Durham basal permian sand is present are unlikely to significantly affect the integrity of Natura 2000 sites.

However, lateral extensions to magnesian limestone quarries or

Plan fluvial sand quarries (despite being outside of environmentally important areas) may increase the proximity of quarry working to

breeding, feeding and roosting areas of qualifying SPA species Preferred increasing levels of distrurbance.

Ability to adapt to climate change Prioritising proposals for further basal permian sand extraction from

Options beneath the floor of existing magnesian limestone quarries will not give rise to adverse effects as the minerals bridging assessment concluded that all active Magnesian Limestone sites in areas where basal permian sand is present are unlikely to significantly affect the integrity of Natura 2000 sites. Details Broad Impact Pathway Potential Impact

However, lateral extensions to magnesian limestone quarries or fluvial sand quarries (despite being outside of environmentally

Habitat important areas) may increase the severity of climate change effects due to potential to affect hydrological systems.

Regulations Can the policy / allocation be screened out? No

Table 99 Policy 54: High Grade Dolomite

Details Broad Impact Potential Impact

Assessment Pathway

It is expected that over the Plan period to 2030 supplies of high grade dolomite will be Air Quality Thrislington and Eastern Extension met from existing permitted reserves at Thrislington Quarry and its extension east of the A1(M). Proposals for the further working of high grade dolomite will only be permitted These sites can be screened out in terms of air quality where: impacts. The bridging assessment undertaken states: of the a. It can be demonstrated that existing permitted reserves are insufficient to maintain Existing Site a 15 year stock of permitted reserves, or a 25 year stock of permitted reserves

County where substantial investment in new kiln equipment is proved necessary; and Thrislington Quarry is located approximately 140 metres west of the A1(M) and utilises this road to b. there will be no significant adverse impacts on the environment or the amenity of transport materials to markets. No Natura 2000 sites

local communities in accordance with other relevant policies of the Plan. exist within 200 metres of the A1(M) so impacts from Durham Screening vehicle emissions are unlikely.

The area of high grade dolomite east of Thrislington Quarry, as shown on the Proposals In terms of dust emissions, MPS2 advises that the

Map, will be protected from all mineral working unless there is a need for high grade greatest proportion of dust emitted from mineral Plan

material which cannot be met through the use lower grade material or higher grade working largely deposit within 100 metres of sources. Opinion material from existing planning permissions. Thrislington SAC is located immediately south of the

Preferred site and despite not being within the prevailing wind direction may be affected by dust deposits due to its

proximity. of

Policies

However, the following activities that take place within Options 100 metres of the SAC boundary are subject to dust control measures and are being complied with as evidenced by the June 2012 Site Monitoring Report: 363 E 364 E Habitat

Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Screening Pathway

Regulations -Ready Mix Plant - Windboards on conveyors, Dust sprays, filters and site alarms

Opinion -Sand Stocks - Height of stocks at low level in the quarry

Assessment -Sand Extraction and Screening - Sand has a high of

moisture content with large grain size Policies

-Limestone Stocks - Sizes over 3mm are unlikely to result in airborne dust. Stocks at low level in the quarry of the -Mobile Crusher - IPC authorisation, Windboards,

sprays and containment County

-Drilling and blasting - All drilling rigs operate with filters. Blast holes are stemmed with chippings

Durham Furthermore, Natural England have rated the condition of Thrislington SAC's SSSI units as 100% favourable with a good variety of species present in

Plan every quadrat in May 2012

As a result, it can be concluded that as long as dust Preferred suppression conditions are complied with, the continued working of the existing site will not significantly affect the integrity of the site as a result of emissions to air.

Options Eastern Extension

The Eastern Extension to Thrislington Quarry is located approximately 100 metres east of the A1(M) and will utilise this road to transport materials to markets. Tunnel access beneath the A1 (M) will also be created to transport kiln feed material to Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Pathway

Thrislington works. No Natura 2000 sites exist within

Habitat 200 metres of the A1(M) so impacts from vehicle emissions are unlikely.

In terms of dust emissions, MPS2 advises that the Regulations greatest proportion of dust emitted from mineral working largely deposit within 100 metres of sources. Thrislignton SAC is over 500 metres south west of the extension site and is not within the prevailing wind direction.

Assessment Safeguarded area of High Grade Dolomite

If proposals to work this safeguarded area came forward over the County Durham Plan period the impact on Natura 2000 sites as a result of changes

to air quality can be screened out due to: of the Liklelihood that vehicles entering and leaving

the site would utilise the A1(M) which is over County 200 metres from Natura 2000 sites In terms of dust emissions, there are no Natura 2000 sites within 100 metres of the existing

Durham quarry. The nearest Natura 2000 site to the Screening safeguarded area is Thrislington SAC which is approximately 2.9km west of the site and not within the prevailing wind direction.

Plan

Existing Planning Permissions Opinion

Preferred If the term 'existing' relates to active and inactive magnesian limestone sites then air quality impacts

cannot be screened out due to the findings of the of

bridging assessment in relation to Hawthorn Quarry Policies

Options which states: 365 E 366 E Habitat

Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Screening Pathway

Regulations If proposals to re-work this site were agreed it is likely that the operation of the site would increase HGV

traffic on the A19 passing Castle Eden Dene SAC. Opinion Castle Eden Dene SAC is exceeding critical thresholds in respect of nitrogen deposition. Any

increase in vehicle emissions to this site are therefore

Assessment considered as a significant impact. of

Policies In terms of dust emissions, MPS2 advises that the greatest proportion of dust emitted from mineral working largely deposit within 100 metres of sources.

Durham Coast SAC is the nearest Natura 2000 site of to the quarry at over 200 metres east. However, as the this site is within the prevailing wind direction of

Hawthorn Quarry it is suggested that a precautionary County approach should be taken and significant effects as a result of dust emissions cannot be screened out at this stage.

Durham

Water Quality Thrislington and Eastern Extension

Plan These sites can be screened out in terms of water quality impacts. The bridging assessment undertaken

states: Preferred

Thirslington Quarry is not connected to Natura 2000 sites by surface watercourses and the June 2012 Site Monitoring Report for this site reports that

Options conditions are being met in relation to discharge requirements and protection of watercourses.

In terms of impacts to groundwater, Thrislington Quarry is located on the principal Magnesium Limestone aquifer linked to the Wear Magnesium Limestone groundwater body. Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Pathway

However, as a result of conditions in place it is

Habitat unlikely that groundwater quality will be adversely affected. Furthermore, Natural England have set a buffer zone of 500 metres from SSSI's in relation to

determining whether proposals should be examined Regulations in detail by Natural England's Land Use Operation Team as a result of discharges to groundwater. Thrislington SAC is within this buffer but is not sensitive to changes to gorundwater quality. Both Castle Eden Dene SAC and Durham Coast SAC are

outside of this buffer. Assessment

Eastern Extension

The Eastern extension is not connected to Natura 2000 sites by surface watercourses and is unlikely

to affect the integrity of Thrislington SAC or Castle of Eden Dene SAC as these sites are not sensitive to the changes to groundwater quality or Durham Coast

SAC due to distance from this SAC (over 14km) County

Safeguarded area of High Grade Dolomite

Durham If proposals to work this safeguarded area came Screening forward over the County Durham Plan period the impact on Natura 2000 sites as a result of changes to water quality can be screened out due to:

Plan

Area is outside of Natural England's 500 metre Opinion

buffer for considering water quality impacts to Preferred component SSSI's and does not appear to be connected by surface watercourses.

of

Existing Planning Permissions Policies

Options 367 E 368 E Habitat

Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Screening Pathway

Regulations If the term 'existing' relates to active and inactive magnesian limestone sites then water quality impacts

cannot be screened out due to the findings of the Opinion bridging assessment in relation to Hawthorn Quarry which states:

Assessment Hawthorn Quarry is not linked directly to Natura 2000 of

sites by way of surface watercourses. However the Policies site is approximately 150 metres north of Hawthorn Burn which transects Durham Coast SAC. Any deterioration in water quality to this Burn as a result

of quarry operations could lead to significant adverse of effects on site integrity due to the water dependant the nature of the SAC.

County The re-working of Hawthorn Quarry could also impact on groundwater quality to Durham Coast SAC which is water dependent and within Natural England's

Durham buffer zone of 500 metres from SSSI's in relation to determining whether proposals should be examined in detail by Natural England's Land Use Operation Team as a result of discharges to groundwater.

Plan

Hydrology Thrislington and Eastern Extension Preferred

These sites can be screened out in terms of water quality impacts. The bridging assessment undertaken states:

Options Any licensed abstraction from the River Wear, River Tees or tributaries thereof to aid operation of Thrislington Quarry and the eastern extension will not adversely affect flows to Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast SPA as these are regulated by Kielder reservoir and the Tees Barrage, or Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Pathway

Northumbria Coast SPA due to the distance of this

Habitat site from the discharge point of the River Wear at Wearmouth.

In terms of impacts to groundwater levels, the only Regulations SAC with the potential to be adversely affected that is linked to the Magnesian Limestone Groundwater body is Durham Coast SAC which is water dependant.

Natural England's Management Plan for Thrislington Assessment SAC states that 'Hydrological surveys carried out by Redland aggregates (now Lafarge) show that the water table is at 94 metres aOD relative to a land surface at 131 metres aOD. Flow is from northeast to southwest suggesting that even at the surface,

water flow from external sources will not affect the of site. Water table changes are unlikely to affect the surface vegetation.

County Natural England have identified a 3km buffer for determining whether quarry proposals would need to be examined in detail by Natural England's Land

Durham Use Operation Team in terms of impact of change in Screening water levels on SSSI's. Durham Coast SAC is over 14 km from the eastern extension and over 15km from Thrislington Quarry. It is therefore considered

Plan that significant impact to groundwater levels to

Durham Coast SAC as a result of continued working Opinion

of this site is unlikely. Preferred

Safeguarded area of High Grade Dolomite

of

If proposals to work this safeguarded area came Policies

Options forward over the County Durham Plan period the impact on Natura 2000 sites as a result of changes to water quality can be screened out due to: 369 E 370 E Habitat

Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Screening Pathway

Regulations Area is within Natural England's 3km buffer for considering hydrological impacts to component

SSSI's but only for Thrislington SSSI which is Opinion not considered to be affected by changes to the water table.

Assessment Existing Planning Permissions of

Policies If the term 'existing' relates to active and inactive magnesian limestone sites then Hydrological impacts cannot be screened out due to the findings of the

bridging assessment in relation to Hawthorn Quarry of which states: the

It is likely that impacts to water levels would need to County be considered in detail due to the water dependant nature of the SAC and SPA and component SSSI (Durham Coast).

Durham Natural England have identified a 3km buffer for determining whether quarry proposals would need to be examined in detail by Natural England's Land

Plan Use Operation Team in terms of impact of change in water levels on SSSI's. Hawthorn Quarry is within

this buffer. Preferred

Habitat or species Thrislington and Eastern Extension destruction or

Options fragmentation These sites can be screened out in terms of Habitat / species destruction or fragmentation impacts. The bridging assessment undertaken states:

Thrislington Quarry and the Eastern extension are not within a SAC or SPA. Working of Thrislington Quarry resulted in the translocation of grassland which is now designated as Thrislington SAC and working of the eastern extension will result in the loss Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Pathway

of arable land which does not support qualifying

Habitat habitat represented within Natura 2000 sites under consideration.

The land surrounding both site is indicated by the Regulations Mapping Sensitive Areas for Birds Report as of County Importance for sensitive bird species but due to its geographic location (inland and lowland area) is unlikely to support qualifying species linked to coastal and upland SPA sites

Assessment Safeguarded area of High Grade Dolomite

If proposals to work this safeguarded area came forward over the County Durham Plan period the impact on Natura 2000 sites as a result of habitat /

species destruction or fragmentation can be screened of out due to: the

Area of land is predominantly arable agricultural County land so unlikely to support qualifying habitat related to Natura 2000 sites The land surrounding the safeguarded area is

Durham indicated by the Mapping Sensitive Areas for Screening Birds Report as of County Importance for sensitive bird species but due to its geographic location (inland and lowland area) is unlikely to

Plan support qualifying species linked to coastal and

upland SPA sites Opinion

Preferred Existing Planning Permissions

If the term 'existing' relates to active and inactive of

magnesian limestone sites then Hydrological impacts Policies

Options cannot be screened out due to the findings of the bridging assessment in relation to Hawthorn Quarry which states: 371 E 372 E Habitat

Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Screening Pathway

Regulations Although this site is not within a SAC or SPA, proposals to re-work the site may adversely affect air

quality, surface and groundwater quality and levels Opinion which support the health and function of the habitat of Castle Eden Dene SAC and Durham Coast SAC.

Assessment Any impact to the qualifying habitat of Durham Coast of

SAC may also be considered as affecting functional Policies land supporting qualifying species of Northumbria Coast SPA.

The Mapping Sensitive Areas for Birds Report of indicates that the land surrounding Hawthorn quarry the is of International Importance and Natural England

have identified Durham Coast SSSI (component SSSI County of Durham Coast SAC) as a category 5 buffer for bird species (800 metres) in terms of criteria for determining whether a proposal should be examined

Durham in detail by Natural England's Land Use Operation Team due to sensitivities of qualifying bird species. Hawthorn Quarry is within this buffer.

Plan However, the most recent bird study undertaken along Durham's coastline (A study of over-wintering

waterbirds of the Durham Coast Dec 2011 - March Preferred 2012) indicates that qualifying bird species populate high tide roost area and low tide feeding areas approximately 1km north of Hawthorn Quarry at Noses Point and approximately 2km south of the site

Options at Shot Rock. The re-working of Hawthorn Quarry is therefore unlikely to result in the direct loss of functional land supporting Northumbria Coast SPA.

Habitat or species Thrislington and Eastern Extension disturbance Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Pathway

These sites can be screened out in terms of Habitat

Habitat or species disturbance impacts. The bridging assessment undertaken states:

There are no records of qualifying SPA species Regulations present at Thrislington Quarry or the eastern extension and the area is not considered to be of value in terms of providing functional land.

Furthermore, it is considered very unlikely, that the

continued working of Thrislington Quarry or new Assessment working of the eastern extension would cause disturbance to breeding species within both Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast SPA and Northumbria Coast SPA (Component SSSI - Durham Coast). Thrislington Quarry and extension falls into

Natural England's category 5 buffer for bird species of (800 metres) in terms of criteria for determining the whether a proposal should be examined in detail by

Natural England's Land Use Operation Team due to County sensitivities of qualifying bird species. As both of the sites are outside of this buffer (site is located over 14km and 15km west of the SPA's) it is considered

Durham that there is unlikely to be any significant adverse Screening effects to species by way of disturbance.

Safeguarded area of High Grade Dolomite

Plan

If proposals to work this safeguarded area came Opinion

forward over the County Durham Plan period the Preferred impact on Natura 2000 sites as a result of habitat or species disturbance can be screened out due to:

of

Policies

Options 373 E 374 E Habitat

Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Screening Pathway

Regulations Unlikelihood that habitat type within area would support qualifying SPA species

Distance from designated SPA areas (over Opinion 13km from nearest site:Northumbria Coast SPA)

Assessment Existing Planning Permissions of

Policies If the term 'existing' relates to active and inactive magnesian limestone sites then disturbance impacts cannot be screened out due to the findings of the

bridging assessment in relation to Hawthorn Quarry of which states: the

The re-working of Hawthorn Quarry could potentially County increase disturbance by way of blasting and vibration levels to qualifying bird species of Northumbria Coast SPA which have been identified as utilising high tide

Durham roost areas and low tide feeding areas 1km north and 2km south of the quarry.

Plan Ability to adapt to Thrislington and Eastern Extension climate change

These sites can be screened out in terms of impacts Preferred on the ability of species to adapt to climate change. The bridging assessment undertaken states:

As the quarry is not connected to Natura 2000 sites

Options by surface watercourses and unlikely to impact significantly on groundwater levels its operation is unlikely to increase climate change related risks to qualifying species. Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Pathway

Potential for restoration proposals to support creation

Habitat of calcareous grassland habitat which would contribute toward building capacity for qualifying species to adapt to climate change.

Regulations Safeguarded area of High Grade Dolomite

If proposals to work this safeguarded area came forward over the County Durham Plan period the impact on Natura 2000 sites as a result of affecting

the ability of species to adapt to climate change can Assessment be screened out due to:

Not connected by surface water courses and unlikely to impact upon groundwater in terms of increasing severity of climate change effects

Potential for restoration proposals of area to of create calcareous grassland habitat. the

Existing Planning Permissions County

If the term 'existing' relates to active and inactive magnesian limestone sites then climate change

Durham adaptation impacts cannot be screened out due to Screening the findings of the bridging assessment in relation to Hawthorn Quarry which states:

Plan As Hawthorn Quarry is located to the west of the

Durham Coast Main Line it's operation is unlikely to Opinion

impact on the movement of qualifying habitat of Preferred Durham Coast SAC by means of coastal squeeze. However, there is potential for the re-working of

Hawthorn quarry to impact on groundwater levels to of

Durham Coast SAC which could act in-combination Policies

Options with climate change related events increasing severity of impact. 375 E 376 E Habitat

Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Screening Pathway

Regulations Disturbance levels as a result of re-working of Hawthorn Quarry coupled with natural retreat of the

coastline could impact on the ability of qualifying Opinion species to adapt to climate change (find new roost and inland feeding areas)

Assessment of

Can the policy / allocation be screened out? No - due to ambiguity in relation to term 'existing planning permissions and Policies whether this would include Hawthorn Quarry.

Table 100 Policy 55: Brick Making Raw Materials of the Details Broad Potential Impact Impact

County Pathway

IProposals for new workings to meet the raw material needs of Todhills, Eldon and the Union Air No specific effect. The Minerals Bridging Assessment

Brickworks will be permitted where: Quality undertaken determined that all active brick clay and Durham shale sites are unlikely to cause significant adverse a. They are required to maintain a stock of permitted reserves and that this need cannot be met effects to Natura 2000 sites. This policy also stipulates (140) from an existing environmentally acceptable permission. that proposals for new workings to meet the raw

material needs of brick works inside and outside of the Plan b. There will be no significant adverse impacts on the environment or amenity of local communities County will only be permitted where there will be no in accordance with the other relevant policies of the Plan. significant adverse effects on the environment.

Preferred Water As above The provision of reserves from dedicated on-site pits will be preferred. Accordingly, where planning Quality permission is granted, planning conditions or agreements will be used to restrict the use of the brick

making raw material to the associated brickworks. Hydrology As above Options

Proposals for new working which are intended to serve brickworks outside of County Durham and Habitat As above Gateshead will only be permitted where: or species c. They are required to maintain a 25 year stock of permitted reserves and this need cannot be destruction met from an existing permission;

140 Provision will be made to maintain a minimum supply of feedstock equivalent to a 25 year stock of permitted reserves for each brickworks. Details Broad Potential Impact Impact Pathway

Habitat d. It can be demonstrated that production cannot be maintained from a sequentially preferable or site closer to the brickworks; and fragmentation

Habitat As above e. There will be no significant adverse impacts on the environment or amenity of local communities Regulations in accordance with the other relevant policies of the Plan. or species disturbance

Ability to As above

adapt to Assessment climate change

Can the policy / allocation be screened out? Yes

of Table 101 Policy 56: Surface Mined Coal and Fireclay Policy the Details Broad Potential Impact

County Impact Pathway

Proposals for the extraction of coal and/or fireclay will not be granted planning permission unless: Air No specific impact. This policy will ensure proposals Durham Quality for the extraction of coal and/or fireclay will not be Screening a. they are environmentally acceptable, or can be made so by planning conditions or obligations; granted planning permission unless they are or environmentally acceptable. This includes ensuring

proposals will not be permitted that would have a Plan

b. they provide national, local or community benefits which clearly outweigh the adverse impacts significant effect, either individually or in combination Opinion of the proposal. In assessing such benefits particular regard will be had to: with other development on a Natura 2000 site or

Preferred Ramsar site. This policy will be delivered in conjunction i. the contribution of the proposal towards the comprehensive reclamation of areas of derelict with the Protected Sites Policy which requires that

or contaminated land, or the remediation of coal mining legacy issues or the reworking development which is likely to have an adverse impact of of previously extracted sites to address legacy and management issues; will be assessed to determine the need for Appropriate

Policies

Assessment, in accordance with the Habitats Options Regulations 2010. 377 E 378 E Habitat

Details Broad Potential Impact Screening Impact

Pathway Regulations

ii. the avoidance of the sterilisation of mineral resources in advance of development which Water As above

is either subject to a planning permission or allocated in the County Durham Plan (in Quality Opinion accordance with Policy X Safeguarding Mineral Resources); and Hydrology As above

iii. the need for supplies of brick making raw materials particularly fireclay to meet the ongoing

Assessment needs of brickworks. Habitat As above of

or Policies species destruction In order to minimise the environmental impacts of surface coal extraction and provide certainty, the or fragmentation

piecemeal working of surface mined coal sites will not be permitted. of the Every effort should be made to ensure the full recovery of fireclays and brick clays with the correct Habitat As above or technical properties for brick manufacture. Where suitable quality fireclay or brick clay is present and County extraction is feasible the working programme should enable this to be extracted. Where fireclay is species recovered, priority will be given to meeting the needs of Todhills and Eldon Brickworks and then other disturbance brickworks within the North East region.

Ability to As above Durham adapt to climate change

Plan Can the policy / allocation be screened out? Yes

Preferred Table 102 Policy 57: Natural Building and Roofing Stone

Details Broad Impact Potential Impact

Pathway Options

Where further permitted reserves are required in order to maintain an adequate and Air Quality This policy stipulates that proposals for new quarry steady supply of natural building and roofing stone, proposals for new sites will be sites would need to demonstrate that need cannot permitted where: be met from existing mineral permissions. This does not take into account the environmental acceptability of existing sites. Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Pathway

a. It can be demonstrated that need cannot be met from existing mineral permissions; The bridging assessment undertaken for existing

Habitat and natural building and roofing stone quarries states:

b. There will be no significant adverse impacts on the environment and amenity of With the exception of Dead Friars Quarry and

local communities in accordance with the other relevant policies of the County Harthope Head Quarry, the continued working of Regulations Durham Plan. active natural building and roofing stone quarries are unlikely to significantly affect the integrity of Natura 2000 sites. Baxton Law Quarry, Dead Friars Quarry Where a need for further working can be demonstrated, priority will be given to proposals and Harthope Head Quarry are located fully or for major new sites and extensions to existing sites in locations outside, and which do partially within the North Pennine Moors SAC and

not impact, upon the North Pennines AONB. SPA with the potential to affect site integrity by all Assessment identified pathway types. The Review of All new planning permissions and reviews of existing permissions under the Environment permissions is due for both Dead Friars Quarry and Act 1995 will be conditioned to require the annual submission of information detailing the Harthope Head Quarry in 2013 prior to adoption of extent of remaining permitted reserves and sales. the Local Plan (expected 2014). Information will be required to address the issues identified within this

bridging assessment in support of the review. of the In terms of new quarry sites point b of the policy

should enable impacts to be screened out. County

Water Quality As above

Durham Screening Hydrology As above

Habitat or species As above

Plan destruction or

fragmentation Opinion

Preferred Habitat or species As above disturbance

of Ability to adapt to As above

Policies

climate change Options

Can the policy / allocation be screened out? No - However, this policy could be screened out if the following wording was added: 379 E 380 E Habitat

Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Screening Pathway

Regulations A. It can be demonstrated that need cannot be met from existing, environmentally acceptable mineral permissions.

Opinion

Table 103 Policy 58: Safeguarding Mineral Resources

Assessment of

Details Broad Potential Impact Policies Impact Pathway

Planning permission will not be granted for non-mineral development that would lead to the Air No specific impact. The designation of Mineral of unnecessary sterilisation of mineral resources, as shown on the Proposals Map, within a Mineral Quality Safeguarding Areas does not assume acceptability of the Safeguarding Area unless: an area for minerals extraction

County a. It can be demonstrated that the mineral concerned is no longer of any current or potential value; Water As above b. The mineral can be extracted satisfactorily prior to the non-minerals development taking place Quality

Durham without unacceptable adverse impacts on the environment or the amenity of local communities; c. The incompatible development is of a temporary nature that does not inhibit extraction within Hydrology As above the timescale the mineral is likely to be needed; Habitat As above d. There is an overriding need for the incompatible development;

or Plan e. It constitutes exempt development as listed below: species destruction

'Exempt development' which would not be viewed as sterilising development within a Mineral Preferred or Safeguarding Area. fragmentation 1. All development within urban areas under 1ha in extent; Habitat As above 2. Householder planning applications (relating to existing properties);

or Options 3. Applications for alterations or extensions to existing buildings and for change of use of existing species buildings; disturbance 4. Applications for advertisement consent; 5. Applications for reserved matters including subsequent applications after outline consent has Ability to As above been granted; adapt to 6. Prior notifications (telecommunications development, forestry, demolition); climate 7. Applications for works to trees; change 8. Applications for temporary planning permission; Details Broad Potential Impact Impact Pathway

Habitat 9. Outside storage; 10. Open space (although not outdoor recreation facilities such as golf courses) and allotments.

Planning applications for non-mineral development within a Mineral Safeguarding Area must be Regulations accompanied by an assessment of the effect of the proposed development on the mineral resource beneath or adjacent to the site of the development.

In order to prevent the sterilisation of mineral resources by non-minerals development in proximity to existing mineral sites and mineral sites allocated in the County Durham Plan, careful consideration

will always be given to the acceptability of environmental and local amenity impacts upon all proposals Assessment for non-minerals development within 500 metres of the boundary of a hard rock site (where blasting is required) and 250 metres for all other mineral sites. Where the proposed non-minerals development would compromise the ability to win and work minerals from an existing mineral site or a site allocated for mineral working within the County Durham Plan planning permission will not be granted. of Can the policy / allocation be screened out? Yes the

County Table 104 Policy 59: Strategic Site Allocation West of Heights Quarry

Details Broad Potential Impact

Durham Impact Screening Pathway

Proposals for the winning and working of carboniferous limestone from land west of Heights Quarry, Air Access to the existing consented area and proposed

Plan as shown on the Proposals Map, will be permitted where it is in accordance with Policy 53 (Meeting Quality western extension (proposed western extension would

the Need for Primary Aggregates),Policy 42 (International Wildlife Sites) and other relevant policies yield some 5.7 million tonnes of carboniferous Opinion of the Plan, but will be subject to conditions and/or legal agreements which, amongst others, will limestone) is gained from the A689 via a metalled road

Preferred provide specifically for: running broadly north-south. The main market area for Heights Quarry can be considered as consisting of a

of

Policies

Options 381 E 382 E Habitat

Details Broad Potential Impact Screening Impact

Pathway Regulations

a. The surrendering of existing permitted reserves within the northern sector of the existing site 25/30 mile radius from the quarry and encompasses

(Heights Quarry) in exchange for new permitted reserves; and the towns of Bishop Auckland, Barnard Castle and Opinion Consett. In order to access these market areas the b. An acceptable scheme of phased working and restoration for both Heights Quarry and its County Durham Freight Map proposes HGV's utilise

western extension which seeks to minimise significant adverse impacts and maximises and the A689 eastward bound, the A68 north and

Assessment delivers a range of environmental benefits including landscape and biodiversity enhancement southward bound and the A688 eastward bound. The of

measures, and which specifically provides for the diversion and enhancement of the Weardale routes that HGV's travelling from Heights Quarry to Policies Way. reach their market areas do not pass within 200 metres of Natura 2000 sites and it can therefore be concluded that there are and will be no significant indirect impact

Proposals will also be required to consider the feasibility of the transport of mineral by rail using the to qualifying species arising from vehicle emissions of Weardale Railway Line. from working of the current and proposed extension the site at Heights Quarry.

County In terms of dust emissions, MPS2 (141) advises that the greatest proportion of dust emitted from mineral working largely deposit within 100 metres of sources.

Durham The existing consented area and proposed extension is over 2km from the nearest point of the North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA designation and over 3km from the North Pennine Dales Meadows SAC.

Plan

Water In terms of surface water, the existing consented area Preferred Quality and proposed western extension could potentially impact upon Park Burn (a tributary of the River Wear) and the River Wear itself. Neither of these watercourse are connected to the North Pennine Moors SAC and

Options SPA and North Pennine Dales Meadows SAC so impacts in relation to these Natura 2000 sites can be screened out.

141 Whilst it is recognised that MPS2 has been replaced by the NPPF, the 100 metre buffer is still considered relevant. Details Broad Potential Impact Impact Pathway

Habitat Specific impacts to Northumbria Coast SPA are unlikely due to the distance of Natura 2000 areas from Wearmouth, the diluting effect of the River in terms of

distance from Heights quarry to the coast and the Regulations control measures currently in place to prevent surface water pollution. The November 2011 Site Monitoring Report shows that compliance with control measures to prevent surface water pollution are currently being met.

Assessment The Scoping Report submitted for Heights Quarry also proposes that for the western extension the following added safeguards will be put in place:

-There should be no mineral working or storage of

materials within close proximity of the Park Burn. A of standoff of undisturbed ground of around 50m is the recommended.

County -A formal interception ditch should be constructed to catch flows from up-gradient of any extension area for diversion around any such proposed working.

Durham Screening In terms of impact to groundwater, Heights Quarry is located on the Great Limestone which is a Secondary A aquifer related to the Tees Carboniferous Limestone

Plan and Millstone Grit groundwater body.

Opinion

The Scoping Report submitted for Heights Quarry Preferred indicates there is little flow of water within the quarry, indicating that at this location the Great Limestone is

largely dry apart from minor seepages associated with of

particular discontinuities. This is because there is a Policies

Options limited outcrop width of the Great Limestone for direct rainfall recharge around the margins of Heights Quarry, and the overlying strata include mudstones, shales and 383 E 384 E Habitat

Details Broad Potential Impact Screening Impact

Pathway Regulations

some clay horizons of low permeability. Also there is

no Great limestone outcrop for many kilometres to the Opinion north; hence there is no destination for groundwater to flow to within the limestone.

Assessment For these reasons any impact to groundwater in terms of

of quality will be insignificant in respect of knock on Policies impacts to Natura 2000 sites. In general terms, The Tees Carboniferous Limestone and Millstone Grit waterbody is also expected to meet the Water

Framework Directive targets of good chemical and of quantitative status by 2015. the

County Hydrology The Scoping report submitted for Heights Quarry indicates that no dewatering is undertaken at the site nor is any planned in respect of the proposed

Durham extension. Water for dust suppression is taken according to the terms of an abstraction licence from a small lagoon in the north-western corner of the quarry. There are no other licensed groundwater

Plan abstractions within 2km of the quarry and there are no domestic abstractions in close proximity to the quarry.

In the absence of dewatering, or of any significant scale Preferred of groundwater abstraction in the vicinity Heights Quarry cannot result in any significant derogation of the groundwater resources of the area.

Options Habitat Heights quarry is not within a SAC or SPA, neither is or the proposed western extension. No record of qualifying species species linked to the SAC or SPA exists within the destruction current mineral consent area. The proposed western or extension is likely to result in the direct loss of the fragmentation majority of the vegetation within the proposed area. The Phase 1 Habitat Survey undertaken of the extension indicates that this area contains nardus Details Broad Potential Impact Impact Pathway

Habitat grassland which is a qualifying Annex I species of the North Pennine Moors SAC. This is the only qualifying species that has been recorded. However, nardus

grassland is in abundance across the North Pennines Regulations area so its loss in this area is unlikely to significantly impact on species population within the North Pennine Moors SAC. The Phase 1 Habitat survey does not indicate the presence of qualifying species connected to the North Pennine Dales Meadows SAC or any other

Natura 2000 site. Assessment

Habitat Heights quarry and the proposed western extension is or not within a SAC or SPA but is within 2km of the North species Pennine Moors SPA and is indicated by the Mapping disturbance Sensitive Areas for Birds Report as of County and

National Importance for sensitive bird species. On of closer analysis of the database linked to this report the the site has been identified as important for several

breeding wader species such as Curlew, Lapwing, County Redshank and Snipe. Curlew is a qualifying species of the North Pennine Moors SPA but it is considered that there is sufficient habitat within the North Pennines

Durham for this species. There are no records of qualifying Screening species such as Golden Plover utilising this site and it is considered that there is sufficient habitat within the North Pennines and lowland areas of County Durham

Plan (to support wintering populations) for this specie. The

loss of land within the proposed western extension is Opinion

therefore not likely to have a significant impact. Preferred

In terms of disturbance to qualifying species as a result

of blasting and vibration levels, Heights Quarry and the of

proposed extension falls into Natural England's Policies

Options category 4 buffer for bird species (800 metres) in terms of criteria for determining whether a consultation should be examined in detail by Natural England's Land Use 385 E 386 E Habitat

Details Broad Potential Impact Screening Impact

Pathway Regulations

Operation Team. As this site is outside of this buffer it

is considered that there is unlikely to be any significant Opinion adverse effects to species by way of disturbance.

Assessment Ability to As Heights Quarry and the proposed western extension of

adapt to is over 2km as the crow flies from the North Pennine Policies climate Moors SAC and SPA and 3km from the North Pennine change Dales Meadows SAC, outside of the floodplain of the River Wear and unlikely to affect floodplain storage or groundwater levels its operation is unlikely to increase of climate change related risks to qualifying species. the

Furthermore, the habitats recorded within Heights County Quarry and the proposed area are different from those found in the North Pennine Dales Meadows SAC meaning that the site is not imperative in terms of

Durham providing opportunity for substitution of loss due to climate change.

In terms of the North Pennine Moors SAC and SPA

Plan qualifying species, nardus grassland has been recorded at Heights Quarry. However, this species is common

throughout the North Pennines, so it is considered that Preferred the site is not imperative in terms of providing opportunity for substitution of loss due to climate change.

Options Can the policy / allocation be screened out? Yes Table 105 Policy 60: Strategic Area of Search to the South of Todhills Brickworks

Details Broad Potential Impact Impact

Habitat Pathway

In order to ensure that sufficient feedstock is available to provide and maintain a minimum 25 year Air Clay and shale is extracted at Long Lane quarry and stock of permitted reserves for Todhills Brickworks, a strategic area of search, as shown on the Quality may be extracted from the proposed extension area to

Regulations proposals map, is identified to the south of the brickworks. supply the adjacent Todhills brickworks. Todhills brickworks is situated between the villages of Newfield Proposals for the winning and working of brick making raw materials within the area of search will be and Byers Green, to the south of Willington. permitted where they are in accordance with Policy 55 (Brickmaking Raw Materials) but will be subject to conditions which amongst others will provide specifically for: According to the County Durham freight map, materials

leaving the brickworks via HGV would be required to Assessment a. The long-term economic future of Todhills Brickworks; utilise either the A690 or A688 eastbound to reach either the A1(M) or A167 for transportation to markets. b. The extent, date of commencement, and duration of workings; No Natura 2000 sites exist within 200 metres of these roads so impacts from vehicle emissions are unlikely. c. Such advance and preparatory works as are deemed necessary to safeguard the landscape, In terms of dust emissions, MPS2 (142) advises that environmental, and residential amenities of the area; and of the greatest proportion of dust emitted from mineral the d. An agreed scheme of phased working and restoration which seeks to enhance the site by working largely deposit within 100 metres of sources.

delivering a range of environmental benefits including landscape enhancement and habitat There are no Natura 2000 sites within 100 metres of County creation measures. the existing quarry, proposed extension area or wider mineral consultation area. No blasting takes place at the existing quarry and would not be required for the

Durham proposed extension area. Dust suppression conditions Screening are being met (August 2011) and are likely to be a condition of a potential planning permission for the proposed extension area.

Plan

Opinion

Water There are no watercourses that connect directly with Preferred Quality the Long Lane quarry or the proposed extension area. However, the River Wear flows around the south

eastern and northern part of the wider mineral of

consultation area. Specific impacts to Northumbria Policies

Options Coast SPA as a result of increased pollution to the

142 Whilst it is recognised that MPS2 has been replaced by the NPPF, the 100 metre buffer is still considered relevant. 387 E 388 E Habitat

Details Broad Potential Impact Screening Impact

Pathway Regulations

River Wear are unlikely due to the distance of Natura

2000 areas from Wearmouth and the diluting effect of Opinion the River in terms of distance from Long Lane quarry and the proposed extension area to the coast. The

control measures currently in place at Long Lane quarry

Assessment to prevent surface water pollution are being met on site of

(August 2011). Policies

Control measures are also likely to be a condition of a potential planning permission for the proposed

extension area. of the In terms of impacts to groundwater, it is not known

whether the current Long Lane site or the proposed County extension area will impact upon groundwater resources or not. Further hydrogeological survey would be required in respect of the proposed extension area.

Durham However, potential impacts to groundwater are unlikely to impact upon Natura 2000 sites as the proposed extension and wider mineral consultation area is within

Plan a Secondary A aquifer linked to the Wear Carboniferous Limestone and Coal Measures

groundwater body. This waterbody does not underly Preferred Natura 2000 sites under consideration.

Hydrology Working of the Long Lane site and proposed extension

Options area will not impact upon the supply of surface and groundwater required by qualifying features of Natura 2000 sites.

Habitat The existing Long Lane site and proposed extension or area is not within a Natura 2000 site. Further to this species the land type within the wider area is largely arable destruction land so unlikely to support qualifying species of Natura 2000 sites under consideration. Details Broad Potential Impact Impact Pathway

Habitat or fragmentation

Habitat The existing Long Lane site and proposed extension

Regulations or area is remote from SPA's and is indicated by the species Mapping Sensitive Areas for Birds Report as of Local disturbance Importance only for sensitive bird species. As a result the area which is unlikely to be considered as functional land for qualifying SPA species.

Assessment Ecological surveys will be required as part of an Environmental Impact Assessment to be undertaken as part of any planning applications in respect of the proposed extension area. of Ability to As the Long Lane site and proposed extension area is the adapt to remote from Natura 2000 sites, outside of the floodplain climate of the River Wear and unlikely to affect floodplain

County change storage, working of the permitted area is unlikely to increase climate change related risks to qualifying species. Furthermore, due to land use type of the area

Durham the habitats/species are likely to be different from those Screening found in relevant SAC's and SPA's, meaning that there is no opportunity for substitution of loss due to climate change.

Plan

Can the policy / allocation be screened out? Yes Opinion

Preferred

of

Policies

Options 389 E 390 E Habitat

Table 106 Policy 61: Waste Management Provision Screening

Details Broad Potential Impact

Regulations Impact Pathway

Opinion Provision will be made to enable the appropriate sustainable management Air Quality No specific impact: New development in line with this policy will be in accordance of projected levels of waste arisings throughout the Plan period to 2030. with other relevant Local Plan Policies.

Assessment Planning permission for new waste management facilities (excluding As the only specific waste site identified as being required to meet this policy, of

proposals to manage residual waste by landfill) will be granted where Joint Stocks was screened with the conclusion that development would have no Policies they: adverse impact on Natura 2000 sites.

a. Contribute to meeting an identified need for the Plan period, based on factors including existing capacity; Water As above. of Quality the b. Contribute to the sustainable management of waste, in accordance Hydrology As above.

with the waste hierarchy; County

c. Do not involve excessive provision of capacity which would result Habitat or As above. in unnecessary importation of waste into County Durham; species

destruction Durham d. Facilitate the provision of an accessible network of local waste or management facilities or contributes to capacity where development fragmentation will be concentrated within the main towns; and

Habitat or As above. Plan species e. Accord with Policy 2 (Spatial Approach) and other relevant policies disturbance

Preferred in the Plan. Ability to As above. adapt to climate

change Options

Can the policy / allocation be screened out? Yes Table 107 Policy 61: Waste Management Provision - Joint Stocks Existing Landfill Site (Reasoned Justification)

Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Pathway Habitat On the basis of strong policy direction and economic signals, residual waste Air Quality No significant impact: no increase in waste related traffic above solutions are likely to involve recovery of waste and therefore proposals for major current levels is likely as policy seeks to diminish the rate of waste new landfill capacity are unlikely to be needed or justified. Landfill will however for landfill sent to this site. Also considering the location of existing

Regulations inevitably remain a small but significant part of the long term waste management waste transfer stations and the fact that access is likely to be solution as there will always be a requirement for some waste to be disposed of to gained via the A1, it is unlikely that this policy will have an adverse landfill which cannot be recycled or otherwise treated. impact to Thrislington SAC via nitrogen deposition due to distance of the site from the A1(M) involved (over 200 metres) and fact the Joint Stocks, near Coxhoe accepts municipal waste for disposal, whilst some of site is not with the prevailing wind direction. Any increase in dust

County Durham's waste is also transported out of the County for disposal. Joint emissions affecting qualifying species was also considered, but Assessment Stocks currently has spare capacity, although it is important that this is preserved discounted on same basis. Conditions are in place to ensure dust as far as possible to maximise flexibility for planning waste management in the supression. future(143). With this in mind, it is important to conserve void space and to drive waste management up the waste hierarchy, with alternative technologies required Water Quality No significant impact: Natural England have defined a 500 metre to take up the capacity. The intention is therefore not to provide additional landfill buffer zone for considering land use consultations in detail in respect of impact to SSSI's by discharges to water. All water

capacity during the Plan period, but to continue to utilise existing available capacity, of on the basis that it will diminish at a slower rate due to continued diversion and dependent Natura 2000 sites are over 500m away so significant the waste prevention. adverse effects are deemed unlikely.

County The potential risk to the magnesian limestone aquifer was considered, but ruled out due to planning permission/ site regulations that strictly monitor water quality of any discharge.

Durham Moreover operation of this site is likely to decrease and potentially Screening finish, with the site restored, over the Plan period.

Plan Hydrology No significant impact: Natural England have defined a 2km

hydrology buffer zone for considering land use consultations in Opinion detail in respect of impact to SSSI's.

Preferred

All water dependent Natura 2000 sites are over 2km away.

of

Policies

Options

143 The study suggests that Joint Stocks' landfill void space will end in 2028 (based on 2010 input rates). However this is very difficult to predict. Individual landfill data is commercially confidential. The Waste Technical Paper took a mean of several years waste input in order to estimate remaining capacity. 391 E 392 E Habitat

Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Screening Pathway

Regulations The type of development is also unlikely to require abstraction from surface water/ ground water resources. Moreover operation

of this site is likely to decrease and potentially finish, with the site Opinion restored, over the Plan period.

Assessment Habitat or No significant impact: due to distances involved, type of of

species development, and fact no further land take is likely to be required. Policies destruction or Moreover operation of this site is likely to decrease and potentially fragmentation finish, with the site restored, over the Plan period.

Habitat or No significant impact: due to distances involved, type of of species development, and fact no further land take is likely to be required. the disturbance Moreover operation of this site is likely to decrease and potentially finish, with the site restored, over the Plan period.

County

Ability to adapt to No significant impact: development at this site is unlikely to restrict

climate change movement of qualifying species due to distance to Natura 2000 Durham sites and fact site is not considered important in terms of enabling migration for such species or opportunity for substitution of loss in response to climate change.

Plan Can the policy / allocation be screened out? Yes

Preferred Table 108 Policy 62: Location of New Waste Facilities

Details Broad Impact Potential Impact

Pathway Options

Planning permission will be granted for well-designed waste facilities in appropriate Air Quality No specific impact: New development related to the management sustainable locations where they: of the County's waste will only be permitted if it is in accordance with other relevant Local Plan Policies , which includes policy a. Are well related to the Main Towns and Smaller Towns and Larger Villages (in no. 42 (International Wildlife Sites). line with Policy 2 Spatial Approach); Water Quality As above. Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Pathway

b. Are located on appropriate previously developed land or on land identified for

Habitat general industrial uses except on the sites referred to in Table 21 (Employment Hydrology As above. sites not appropriate for waste development); or are waste development proposals which require an outdoor and/or rural location; Habitat or As above.

Regulations c. Are well related to the transport network; species destruction or d. Would not give rise to significant adverse impacts on the environment or amenity fragmentation of local communities in accordance with the other relevant policies of the Plan; Habitat or As above. species

Assessment e. Take advantage of opportunities to be accommodated as part of an existing disturbance waste management facility, where this would not give rise to significant adverse cumulative impacts; and Ability to adapt As above. to climate f. Take advantage of opportunities to use waste as a fuel, and to co-locate waste change management facilities with potential users of recovered materials and heat, where

of feasible and where this represents a sustainable option. the

County In rural areas, planning permission will be granted for small scale waste facilities which support a connected network of facilities, where it can be demonstrated that they genuinely require a rural location and where they conform to other policies in the Plan.

Durham Screening Can the policy / allocation be screened out? Yes

Plan Table 109 Policy 63: Landfill and Landraising

Opinion

Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Preferred Pathway

Proposals for new landfill and landraising will be permitted only Air Quality No specific impact: New development related to landfill and landraising will only of

where they would not significantly adversely impact upon be permitted if it is in accordance with other relevant Local Plan Policies , which Policies

Options sustainable waste management in County Durham, and where it includes policy no. 42 (International Wildlife Sites). can be demonstrated that: Water Quality As above. 393 E 394 E Habitat

Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Screening Pathway

Regulations a. There is a need for the facility, and there is insufficient Hydrology As above. existing capacity for the management of the waste stream;

and Opinion Habitat or As above. b. The management of waste by options further up the Waste species

Hierarchy is not possible; or destruction or

Assessment fragmentation of

c. The proposal would bring environmental benefits such as Policies the reclamation of registered contaminated land or previously Habitat or As above. developed land, within a short timescale, and without creating species significant new capacity; and disturbance of Ability to adapt to As above.

d. The proposal accords with Policy 2 (Spatial Approach) and the climate change other relevant policies in the Plan

County

Can the policy / allocation be screened out? Yes

Durham

Plan

Preferred

Options E.7 Developer Contributions

Table 110 Policy 64: Developer Contributions

Habitat Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Pathway

All new development that provides additional housing, employment or Air Quality As the IDP is not yet finalised and the Regulation 123 list has not yet Regulations retail floor space must contribute to the provision of physical, social and been drawn up it is not possible to ascertain whether actual green infrastructure taking account of local or strategic needs. This will infrastructure requirements will impact upon Natura 2000 sites via this be achieved either on-site or off-site through legal agreements and/or impact pathway or not. Further screening will be required prior to through contributions to the Community Infrastructure Levy. submission stage of the Plan.

Water Quality As the IDP is not yet finalised and the Regulation 123 list has not yet Assessment been drawn up it is not possible to ascertain whether actual Community Infrastructure Levy (CIL) infrastructure requirements will impact upon Natura 2000 sites via this impact pathway or not. Further screening will be required prior to Developers must contribute to off-site infrastructure via standard CIL submission stage of the Plan. charges that are set out in the CIL Charging Schedule. The infrastructure Hydrology As the IDP is not yet finalised and the Regulation 123 list has not yet

priorities that will receive funding from CIL are listed in the Regulation of 123 list. Infrastructure requirements for the whole County are set out in been drawn up it is not possible to ascertain whether actual the the Infrastructure Delivery Plan (IDP). infrastructure requirements will impact upon Natura 2000 sites via this

impact pathway or not. Further screening will be required prior to County submission stage of the Plan.

Section 106 Agreements Habitat or species As the IDP is not yet finalised and the Regulation 123 list has not yet

Durham destruction or been drawn up it is not possible to ascertain whether actual Screening Developers must contribute via a Section 106 Agreement towards fragmentation infrastructure requirements will impact upon Natura 2000 sites via this individual infrastructure improvements that are necessary for the impact pathway or not. Further screening will be required prior to development to proceed, affordable housing need as set out in Policy submission stage of the Plan.

Plan 31 Addressing Housing Need and any other specific infrastructure directly

related to the application site and that contribution will be negotiated on However, reference to SANGs should help to offset recreational Opinion pressure (trampling and erosion of sites) a site by site basis depending on need and site viability. Preferred

Necessary infrastructure improvements will include contributions to Green

Habitat or species As the IDP is not yet finalised and the Regulation 123 list has not yet Infrastructure and/or Suitable Alternative Natural Green Space in of

accordance with Policy 20 (Green Infrastructure). disturbance been drawn up it is not possible to ascertain whether actual Policies

infrastructure requirements will impact upon Natura 2000 sites via this Options impact pathway or not. Further screening will be required prior to submission stage of the Plan. 395 E 396 E Habitat

Details Broad Impact Potential Impact Screening Pathway

Regulations Employment and training opportunities will be required to be delivered However, reference to SANGs should help to offset recreational on new developments or housing, where appropriate and viable, in order pressure (disturbance of SPA species)

to provide Targeted Recruitment Training (TRT) for the benefit of the Opinion local community. Where the developer is unable to deliver onsite training or employment, an equivalent financial contribution will be required. Ability to adapt to As the IDP is not yet finalised and the Regulation 123 list has not yet

Developers must negotiate employment and training or contributions to climate change been drawn up it is not possible to ascertain whether actual

Assessment TRT on all housing sites of 15 dwellings or over 0.5 ha or on retail or infrastructure requirements will impact upon Natura 2000 sites via this of

employment developments over 0.1 hectares, where appropriate. Detailed impact pathway or not. Further screening will be required prior to Policies guidance on our approach to collecting contributions will be set out in submission stage of the Plan. the Affordable Housing and Developers Contributions Supplementary Planning Document. of the Can the policy / allocation be screened out? No

County

Durham

Plan

Preferred

Options Natura 2000 Sites (West Durham) and PROW F

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 397 F Natura 2000 Sites (West Durham) and PROW

Figure 9 SAC and SPA Sites and Existing PROW in West Durham (Map 1)

398 Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options Natura 2000 Sites (West Durham) and PROW F

Figure 10 SAC and SPA sites and Existing PROW in West Durham (Map 2)

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 399 F Natura 2000 Sites (West Durham) and PROW

Figure 11 SAC and SPA Sites and Existing PROW in West Durham (Map 3)

400 Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options EC Advice on AA Mitigation Measures G

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 401 G EC Advice on AA Mitigation Measures

EC Advice on AA Mitigation Measures

List each of the measures to be introduced Explain how the measures will avoid the adverse impacts on the site Explain how the measures will reduce the adverse impacts on the site

Then for each of the listed mitigation measures:

Provide evidence of how they will be secured and implemented and by whom; Provide evidence of the degree of confidence in their likely success; Provide a timescale, relative to the project or plan, when they will be implemented; Provide evidence of how the measure will be monitored, and, should mitigation failure be identified; and How that failure will be rectified

Source: European Commission, 2001

402 Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options Policy Changes as a Result of HRA Process H

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 403 404 H Habitat

Table 111 Record of Policy Changes as a Result of HRA Screening Process Policy

Policy Reason for Requesting Change to Policy Wording Change New Wording

Regulations

Accepted Changes

13: Green 1. Potential for adverse effects if the type and design of green Yes 1. Green infrastructure in new development should be shown Infrastructure infrastructure within proximity to Natura 2000 sites is not on layout plans from the start of the planning process and

compatible with qualifying habitats or species and if the should demonstrate connectivity, multifunctionality, high as

provision of green infrastructure indirectly increases quality of place, and appropriateness to context with regard

Assessment recreational pressure to sites. to landscape, townscape and ecology. a

2. Further potential for negative effects if alternative / diversion 2. Where diversions (of PROW) are required, new routes should Result of PROW increases recreational pressure to sites. be direct, convenient and attractive, and should not increase 3. Policy does not make reference to SANG's (and their relative recreational pressure on internationally-protected wildlife

priority for provision) in respect of offsetting recreational sites. of

HRA

pressure. 3. Where new development would be likely to lead to additional of recreational pressure on a Special Areas of Conservation the

(SAC), Special Protection Areas (SPA) or Ramsar site, green Process

infrastructure provision should be prioritised towards the County creation of new, or the improvement of existing, Suitable Alternative Natural Greenspace (SANG), designed to divert potential users away from protected sites.

Durham 38: Durham Coast Policy does not make adequate reference to ensuring the protection Yes Only permitting development in the coastal zone where it conforms and Heritage of SACs, SPAs and Ramsar sites in the coastal zone when with other policies in the Plan, where there are overriding social Coast considering when development in this zone will be permitted. or economic benefits from that development and where the

Plan development cannot be accommodated elsewhere outside of the coastal zone;

Preferred 41: Biodiversity The incorporation of measures to enhance biodiversity within or Yes Proposals for new development will be expected - where and Geodiversity around development sites could potentially lead to adverse effects appropriate and compatible with existing biodiversity, ecosystems if not compatible with qualifying species of Natura 2000 sites (i.e. and designated wildlife sites - to incorporate measures to enhance Potential to increase invasive species). biodiversity within or around the site,

Options 43: Nationally and 1. This policy does not make it clear that the criteria only applies Yes 1. Development proposals in, or which are likely to adversely Locally Protected to designations outside of European designations. As there impact upon, any of the following designations (where not Sites and Species is potential for mis-interpretation it is not considered possible a component of an internationally designated site) to screen this policy out for impacts via all identified pathways. 2. Reference to SANG's removed from this policy 2. Inclusion of SANGs within this policy does not provide them with adequate protection as delivered by Policy 42: Policy Reason for Requesting Change to Policy Wording Change New Wording Accepted

International Wildlife Sites which requires SANGs to receive

Habitat the same level of protection as Natura 2000 sites.

46: Water Suggest that this policy should include reference to prioritisation of Yes In the consideration of proposals:

Environment water treatment systems to areas not connected by mains sewerage The use of Cess Pits will be not be allowed; Regulations to protect Natura 2000 sites in remote areas of West Durham. Potential for cumulative impact of individual cess pits and sceptic The use of package treatment plants (private) will be tanks to water quality serving Natura 2000 sites. preferred to the use of septic tanks; and

Applications involving the use of non main methods of

Assessment drainage in areas where public sewerage exists will not be considered.

48: Provision of To ensure the environmental acceptability of any development/ Yes All safeguarded routes and facilities will only be permitted if they New Transport operation relating to safeguarded routes and facilities that come are in conformity with other relevant Local Plan policies. of

Infrastructure forward during the Plan period, it is advised that the policy is Policy

amended to include a requirement for proposals to be in accordance the with Local Plan Policy 42 (International Wildlife Sites).

County 53: Meeting the 1. Whilst this policy requires that there will be no significant Yes 1. The Council will make sufficient land available for mineral Changes Need for Primary adverse impacts on the environment in accordance with other working to enable a steady and adequate supply of primary Aggregates relevant policies of the Plan (Policy 42 International Wildlife aggregates to be maintained whilst ensuring there will be no

Durham Sites would apply in this respect) this is couched in terms of significant adverse impacts on the environment and amenity

its relationship to proposals where landbank requirements of local communities in accordance with other relevant as

would be significantly exceeded and not in broader terms in policies of the Plan. a

respect of all minerals working proposals. Result

Plan

Preferred of

HRA

Process

Options 405 H 406 H Habitat

Policy Reason for Requesting Change to Policy Wording Change New Wording Policy Accepted

Regulations

2. It is also considered that small scale extensions to existing 2. Proposals for small scale working will be carefully assessed Changes quarries and limited re-working of former carboniferous with great weight being given in decisions to the conservation limestone quarries that are in need of restoration within or of the natural beauty of the landscape and countryside, the adjacent to the North Pennines AONB may give rise to conservation of wildlife and the cultural heritage and the need

significant effects as proposals may come forward for the to avoid adverse impacts on recreational opportunities. as

re-working of existing sites within SAC's and SPA's which are

Assessment a

unlikely to avoid significant adverse 'wildlife' impacts. 3. In order to meet the identified need for further carboniferous Result limestone working, priority will be given to proposals for major 3. The policy should stipulate that future working is directed new sites and extensions to existing sites in locations outside away from SAC's and SPAs within the AONB and then - and which do not adversely impact upon - the North

consider where working would be permitted in the rest of the Pennines AONB or Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) of

HRA

AONB outside of Natura 2000 site designations. and Special Protection Areas (SPAs). of the

Process

57: Natural This policy stipulates that proposals for new quarry sites would Yes Where further permitted reserves are required in order to maintain County Building and need to demonstrate that need cannot be met from existing mineral an adequate and steady supply of natural building and roofing Roofing Stone permissions. This does not take into account the environmental stone, proposals for new sites will be permitted where: acceptability of existing sites. a. It can be demonstrated that need cannot be met from existing

Durham environmentally acceptable mineral permissions

Plan

Preferred

Options Abbreviations I

Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options 407 I Abbreviations

AA - Appropriate Assessment ANGST - Accessible Natural Green Space Standards AOD - Above Ordnance Datum AONB - Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty APIS - UK Air Pollution Information System BW - Bridleway BY - Byway CIL - Community Infrastructure Levy CSM - Common Standard Monitoring DCC - Durham County Council ESA - Environmentally Sensitive Areas FP - Footpath HGV - Heavy Goods Vehicle IDO - Interim Development Order IDP - Infrastructure Delivery Plan MPA - Minerals Planning Authority OSNA - Open Space Needs Assessment PROW - Public Rights of Way SAC - Special Area of Conservation SANG - Suitable Alternative Natural Greenspace SPA - Special Protection Area SSSI - Sites of Special Scientific Interest SUDS - Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems

408 Habitat Regulations Assessment of the County Durham Plan Preferred Options