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Human and Organisational Factors Practices and Strategies for a Changing World Springerbriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology

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Human and Organisational Factors Practices and Strategies for a Changing World Springerbriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology SPRINGER BRIEFS IN APPLIED SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY SAFETY MANAGEMENT Benoît Journé Hervé Laroche Corinne Bieder Claude Gilbert Editors Human and Organisational Factors Practices and Strategies for a Changing World SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology Safety Management Series Editors Eric Marsden, FonCSI, Toulouse, France Caroline Kamaté, FonCSI, Toulouse, France François Daniellou, FonCSI, Toulouse, France The SpringerBriefs in Safety Management present cutting-edge research results on the management of technological risks and decision-making in high-stakes settings. Decision-making in high-hazard environments is often affected by uncertainty and ambiguity; it is characterized by trade-offs between multiple, competing objectives. Managers and regulators need conceptual tools to help them develop risk management strategies, establish appropriate compromises and justify their decisions in such ambiguous settings. This series weaves together insights from multiple scientific disciplines that shed light on these problems, including organization studies, psychology, sociology, economics, law and engineering. It explores novel topics related to safety management, anticipating operational challenges in high-hazard industries and the societal concerns associated with these activities. These publications are by and for academics and practitioners (industry, regulators) in safety management and risk research. Relevant industry sectors include nuclear, offshore oil and gas, chemicals processing, aviation, railways, construction and healthcare. Some emphasis is placed on explaining concepts to a non-specialized audience, and the shorter format ensures a concentrated approach to the topics treated. The SpringerBriefs in Safety Management series is coordinated by the Foundation for an Industrial Safety Culture (FonCSI), a public-interest research foundation based in Toulouse, France. The FonCSI funds research on industrial safety and the management of technological risks, identifies and highlights new ideas and innovative practices, and disseminates research results to all interested parties. For more information: https://www.foncsi.org/. More information about this subseries at http://www.springer.com/series/15119 Benoît Journé • Hervé Laroche • Corinne Bieder • Claude Gilbert Editors Human and Organisational Factors Practices and Strategies for a Changing World Editors Benoît Journé Hervé Laroche IAE Economie et Management ESCP Europe Université de Nantes Paris, France Nantes, France Corinne Bieder Claude Gilbert Ecole Nationale de l'Aviation Civile Institut d’Etudes Politiques Toulouse, France CNRS Grenoble, France ISSN 2191-530X ISSN 2191-5318 (electronic) SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology ISSN 2520-8004 ISSN 2520-8012 (electronic) SpringerBriefs in Safety Management ISBN 978-3-030-25638-8 ISBN 978-3-030-25639-5 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25639-5 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2020. This book is an open access publication. Open Access This book is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adap- tation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this book are included in the book’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the book’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publi- cation does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Foreword The industrial partners of the Foundation for an industrial safety culture (FonCSI) are convinced of the importance of considering human and organisational factors (HOF) for safety. Many companies are keen for them to be considered in their industrial safety policy, albeit at different paces. However, some issues remain unclear, the first one being that, depending on their context, companies can face difficulties in defining the notions of HOF and industrial safety. Beyond this observation, many questions are asked regarding which HOF strategies to imple- ment, and for what purpose. What are the concepts, the approaches by discipline and the professions (ergonomists, human factors specialists, sociologists, etc.) that need to be mobi- lised? How can a HOF approach to industrial safety be structured in a large group? Should it be centralised or organised according to the specific features of activities and local contexts? How should the role of HOF experts be organised? How can the extent of the company’s inclusion of HOF be evaluated? What are the indicators that allow the degree of maturity and the progress needed to be measured? This collective book is the fruit of the reflexions and debates of the third ‘strategic analysis’ conducted by the Foundation for an industrial safety culture. The project was simply entitled ‘Human & organisational factors in high-risk companies’ and sought to provide FonCSI’s industrial partners with high-level research results within a limited time. The book notably presents the very valuable contributions of interna- tional experts who were invited to expose and confront their viewpoints during a 2-day residential seminar, the highlight of the strategic analysis, that was held in January 2018. The book explores the questions raised above with an emphasis on examples and lessons learned based on the field experience of its authors who come from different academic disciplines and various industrial sectors such as oil and gas, energy and transportation. It then offers some ways forward for a better consideration of human and organisational factors in hazardous companies with a view to promoting safety and facing the challenges of a rapidly changing world. Toulouse, France FonCSI v Contents What Is the Place of Human and Organisational Factors in Safety? ................................................ 1 Claude Gilbert Accounting for Differing Perspectives and Values: The Rail Industry .......................................... 5 Brendan Ryan Safety Leadership and Human and Organisational Factors (HOF)—Where Do We Go from Here? ......................... 15 Kathryn J. Mearns Considering Human and Organizational Factors in Risk Industries ................................................ 25 Christian Neveu, Valerie Lagrange, Philippe Noël and Nicolas Herchin The Key Drivers to Setting up a Valuable and Sustainable HOF Approach in a High-Risk Company such as Airbus ................ 31 Florence Reuzeau Developing Human and Organizational Factors in a Company ....... 41 François Daniellou Organisational Factors, the Last Frontier? ...................... 49 Ivan Boissieres Risk Management and Judicialization .......................... 61 Caroline Lacroix Integrating Organizational and Management Variables in the Analysis of Safety and Risk ............................. 71 Paul R. Schulman vii viii Contents Turning the Management of Safety Risk into a Business Function: The Challenge for Industrial Sociotechnical Systems in the 21st Century......................................... 83 Daniel Mauriño The Strategic Agility Gap: How Organizations Are Slow and Stale to Adapt in Turbulent Worlds ........................ 95 David D. Woods The Languages of Safety .................................... 105 Herve Laroche The Dual Face of HOF in High-Risk Organizations ................ 111 Corinne Bieder Human and Organisational Factors: Fad or not Fad? .............. 117 Jean-Christophe Le Coze Breaking the Glass Ceiling: Levers to Promote the Influence of Human and Organizational Factors in High-Risk Industries ....... 125 Benoit Journe HOF: Adjusting the Rule-Based Safety/Managed Safety Balance and Keeping Pace with a Changing Reality ...................... 133 Caroline Kamate What Is the Place of Human and Organisational Factors in Safety? An Introduction Claude Gilbert Abstract It has been largely accepted, in academia as well as in business, that the main vulnerabilities in industrial safety come from human and organisational factors. Despite this consensus, it is still difficult for human and organisational factors (HOF or OHF) to become a priority within companies. There are many reasons for this: HOF are only included on the agenda in exceptional circumstances; the often-marginal position of bodies in charge of HOF,
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