Geographia Polonica 48 (1982)

GEOGRAPHIA POLONICA PWN-POLISH SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS Editorial Board JERZY KOSTROWIGKI (Editor) KAZIMIERZ DZIEWOŃSKI, PIOTR KORCELLI, STANISŁAW LESZCZYCKI, JANUSZ PASZYŃSKI, MARCIN ROŚCISZEWSKI, JAN SZUPRYCZYŃSKI WIESŁAW ROZŁUCKI (Assistant Editor) TERESA LIJEWSKA (Secretary) * Address of Editorial Board KRAKOWSKIE PRZEDMIEŚCIE 30 00-927 WARSZAWA POLANO Printed in Poland http://rcin.org.pl POLISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES INSTITUTE OF GEOGRAPHY AND SPATIAL ORGANIZATION GEOGRAPHIA POLONICA 48 PWN - Polish Scientific Publishers • Warszawa 1982 http://rcin.org.pl Special Issue The 11th International Cartographic Conference Warsaw, July 29-August 4,1982 Edited by JERZY OSTROWSKI and JACEK PASŁAWSKI ISBN 83-01-04080-7 ISSN 0016-7282 http://rcin.org.pl CONTENTS Preface 5 S. Gilewska, M. Klimkowa, L. Starkel: The 1:500 000 Geomorphological Map of Poland 7 M. Pelczar: Appraisal of usefulness of morphometric indices employed in characteristics of ocean bottom configuration 25 J. Plit: General map of potential natural vegetation of Poland 31 K. Trafas: Cartographical method of research used in investigation of changes in geographical environment 41 A. S. Kostrowicki: Problems of cartographic presentation of man-environment interaction 51 W. Jankowski: Polish experiences in land use mapping 59 S. Gurba: Dot land use map of Poland 71 J. Kostrowicki: The types of agriculture map of Europe 79 F. Uhorczak , L. Grzechnik, R. Żelasko: Two isopleth maps of world population density constructed on equal-size unit areas 93 W. Pawlak: Origin, development and contemporary renaissance of relief shad- ing on maps 105 G. Bonatowski: An attempt to formalize generalization of hydrography . 113 J. Mościbroda: Problem of basic unit areas in studies of Polish geographers and cartographers 1 19 J. Pasławski: Reflections on choropleth presentation as a map of regional atlas 131 J. Siwek: Regular density network and its application in geographic studies . 141 List of cartographic research centres in Poland attached to geographic faculties and institutes .... 153 http://rcin.org.pl http://rcin.org.pl PREFACE There are doubtless multifarious close links between the geographical sciences and cartography. The two branches of science need each other and a development of one of them has an impact on the development of the other. This relation is also reflected in the fact that many centres of cartographic research and teaching are organizationally attached to faculties and institutes of geography. The links between cartography and geography are particularly evident in Poland, where six out of the eight cartographic departments and laboratories come under the organization of institutes of geography (of the Polish Academy of Sciences and the universities in Warsaw, Wroclaw, Lublin, Gdańsk and Cracow), one is a part of the Faculty of Geodesy and Cartography of the Warsaw Tech- nical University, and one belongs to the ministerial Institute of Geodesy and Cartography in Warsaw. Cartography's important role for the geographical sciences is also due to the fact that the results of reserach of the latter are published in the form of thematic maps at different scales, both autonomous (often map series) and enclosed with books or papers. The content of those maps ref- lects the stage of development and current capacities of the branch of science concerned, whereas the graphic layout, notably the sign systems and choice of colours, are an outcome of the latest methodological studies in cartography, the cartographers collaborating in the editing and public- ation of the maps being responsible for their level and quality. The present collection of papers presents some experiences and research of Polish geographers and cartographers in the field of the elabo- ration of thematic maps and some methodological problems. The authors represent, first of all, the Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization of the Polish Academy of Sciences (five papers), next, the Chair of Car- tography of the Warsaw University Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies (three papers), the Cartographic Department of the Institute of Earth Sciences of the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin (three papers) and cartographic departments at university institutes of geography in Wrocław, Gdańsk and Cracow (one each). The papers presented in this volume fall into two basic groups, each of which has been subdivided into two smaller groups. The first nine papers present the latest. Polish research in selected areas of geographic thematic mapping, mainly those in which Polish geographers can boast rich traditions and valuable results in the form of map series. The group opens with a presentation of studies concerning natural environment — geomorphology (including the morphometry of ocean bottom), natural vegetation, and environment changes, successively. Socio-economic problems are ilustrated through a survey of Polish experiences in land use http://rcin.org.pl 6 Preface mapping, a dot land use map of Poland, a synthetic map of the types of agriculture in Europe, and an original attempt at presenting an isoplethic image of world population density. The other group of articles concerns selected problems of cartographic representation. The first two deal with the representation of essential elements of map content: terrain relief and hydrography. The next three concern cartographic representation and transformation of statistical data. They provide a good illustration of the current interests and direc- tions in the work of the two most active university cartographic centres: the one in Lublin, which launched experiments on the selection of basic unit areas thirty years ago, and the one in Warsaw, which is carrying on intensive investigation into the construction and transformation of choropleth maps. Diverse fundamental problems of thematic cartography — theoretical, methodological and technical are the main items on the agenda of the 11th International Cartographic Conference in Warsaw (summer 1982). The purpose of such a selection of problems on the agenda was to provide for an exchange of experiences and a presentation of the latest achieve- ments in this rapidly developing branch of cartography. We hope that the present selection of papers, an illustration of the contribution of Polish geographers and cartographers in this field, will also serve this purpose. JERZY OSTROWSKI http://rcin.org.pl GF.OGRAPHIA POLONICA 48, 1982 THE 1:500 000 GEOMORPHOLOGICAL MAP OF POLAND SYLWIA GILEWSKA, MARIA KLIMKÓW A and LESZEK STARKEL Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow The 1:500 000 Geomorphological Map of Poland, the purpose of which is to reconstruct the relief evolution in general by taking morphostructu- res as well as genetic relief types fully into account, synthesizes up-to- date work on the relief of Poland. An additional aim of publishing this map by the Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Aca- demy of Sciences, was to put forward a geomorphological division of the country. The map also places in focus the lacunae of geomorphological research which need further detailed studies. This map was constructed in the Cracow Department of Geomorphology and Hydrology of Mountains and Uplands, acting in co-operation with expersts from all major scientific centres in Poland (cf. legend for the map). The map was edited by Prof. L. Starkel, with the assistance of Dr. S. Gilewska and Mrs. M. Klimkowa who also has handdrawn all sheets. Dr. K. Trafas and his collaborators of the Polish Society of Earth Sciences have taken part in the preparation of the final cartographic edition of the map which was printed at the Wojsko- we Zakłady Kartograficzne, Warsaw. Map data relate to 1968. HISTORY OF THE MAP The first map legends were proposed by Klimaszewski (1946), Galon and Roszkówna (1953), and by Kondracki (1963). Since the latter legend has contained only genetic and chronologic data, there was a need for a new map legend. Valuable suggestions on its basic principles have been made by Klimaszewski and carefully considered by Starkel who under- took the work on a completely new legend (1967, 1974). For the purpose of giving as complete an account as was possible of the landforms that occur in Poland, the map was compiled by persons who were active in the exploration of the individual regions. Since field observations were frequently lacking where they would be most useful, e.g. in Southern Poland, various maps, handdrawn and published, were used, especially the 1:300 000 Geological Map of Poland, all types of detailed geological maps, as well as the general geomorphological maps and the Detailed Geomorphological Map of Poland covering some 25 per cent of the country. The names of compilers and authors are given on each sheet. http://rcin.org.pl 8 S. Gilewska, M. Klimkowa, L. Starkel THE CONTENT OF THE MAP Landforms displayed on the map are divided into two major groups: I. Principal neotectonic landforms repeatedly uplifted in Neogene and Quaternary times — mountains and uplands (=plateaux and hills) of erosional-denudational relief. This group contains A. Crystalline massifs and planated mountains of old folding produced by uplift along fault-lines B. Crystalline massifs and young fold mountains produced by intense uplift along tectonic lines C. Young fold-(flysch) mountains folded in post-Paleogene times D. Horizontal and subhorizontal structures composed of Mesozoic and Neogene sedimentary rocks. II. Principal neotectonic landforms repeatedly

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