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Pali Text Society Translation Series No. 41 A Buddhist Manual of Psychological Ethics Being a Translation, now made for the First Time, from the Original Pali,¯ of the First Book in the Abhidhamma Pit.aka entitled Dhammasangan˙ . ¯ Compendium of States or Phenomena Third Edition With Introductory Essay and Notes by Caroline A.F. Rhys Davids, D. Litt., M.A. Published by The Pali Text Society Oxford 2004 This electronic version is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 3.0 license (CC by-NC 3.0) as found here: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ All copyright is owned by the Pali Text Society. See also the statement under http://www.palitext.com/ ! Publications ! Copyright Announcement. For non-commercial use only. Scanned by www.abhidhamma.ru Typeset by www.abhidhamma.de This is version no. 20210714. First published 1900 Second edition 1923 Third edition 1974 Reprinted 1993 Reprinted 2004 Converted to pdf November 2019 © Pali Text Society 2004 ISBN 0 86013 062 2 All rights reserved. Subject to statutory exceptions, no part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechan- ical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the Pali Text Society, 73 Lime Walk, Headington, Oxford, 0X3 7AD, U.K. Printed in Great Britain by Antony Rowe Ltd., Chippenham, Wiltshire To Edward T. Sturdy, by whose generous assistance the edition of the commentary has been rendered accessible to scholars and a translation of the text to readers generally, this volume is dedicated with the cordial regard of his friend, the translator Editorial Note This is a digital reproduction of “A Buddhist Manual of Psycholog- ical Ethics”, a translation of the rst book of the Abhidhamma—the Dhammasanga˙ n.¯ı—by C.A.F. Rhys Davids, which was rst published in 1900. While I tried to be as faithful to the original as possible, some changes were introduced: • Fixed-length letter-spacing was replaced with bold font. • Internal links were added, so that readers can easily jump to the numerous references. • The table of contents was moved to the front of the book. • Abbreviated names of cited works were expanded. • Some references and entries from the indices could not be iden- tied and were deleted. • The numbering of chapters and sections, as well as some of their titles, were harmonized. • Footnotes were, due to their number and size, dicult to handle and broke the layout. They were converted to endnotes. • Nearly all the material Caroline Rhys Davids and Shwe Zan Aung had on their desks more than a century ago, some of it dating back to 1850, is available online thanks to archive.org. Citations point to the corresponding entries in the newly added bibliography, where links to the content can be found. The pagination of the original PTS edition can be found on the margins. Unless the page break begins a new paragraph, a vertical bar indicates the beginning of the page. i ii Please mail errors to [email protected]. Lots of thanks go to Ariya Baumann for the proofreading! Manfred Wierich Hamburg November 2020 Contents Preface to the Third Edition ix Introductory Essay xvii 1. The Manual and the History of Psychology........ xvii 2. The Date of the Manual................... xix 3. On the Commentaries and the Importance of the Atthasalin¯ ¯ı........................ xxi 4. On the Method and Argument of the Manual....... xxvi 5. On the Chief Subject of Inquiry—Dhamma¯........ xxxi 6. On the Inquiry into Rupa¯ m. (Form), and the Buddhist Theory of Sense..................... xxxix A. The Senses...................... xlvii B. The Sense-objects................... xlviii C. The Three Organic Faculties............. lii D, E. Intimation and Space............... lii F, G, H. Qualities of Form................ liii I. Nutriment....................... liii 7. On the Buddhist Philosophy of Mind and Theory of Intel- lection.......................... lvi 8. On the Buddhist Notions of “Good, Bad, and Indeterminate” lxx Matik¯ a¯ A. Abhidhamma........................1 B. Suttanta...........................7 iii iv CONTENTS Book I: The Uprising of Thoughts 11 Part I.—Good States of Consciousness 11 Chapter I—Good in Relation to the Sensuous Universe... 11 1. The First Type of Thoughts............. 11 2. The Second Type of Thought............ 26 3. The Third Type of Thought............. 26 4. The Fourth Type of Thought............. 29 5. The Fifth Type of Thought.............. 29 6. The Sixth Type of Thought.............. 31 7. The Seventh Type of Thought............ 31 8. The Eighth Type of Thought............. 32 Chapter II—Good in Relation to the Universe of Form... 32 1. The Eight Artices.................. 33 2. The Stations of Mastery............... 41 3. The Three First Deliverances............ 43 4. The Four Jhanas¯ of the Divine States........ 44 5. The Jhana¯ of Foul Things............... 46 Chapter III. Good in Relation to the Universe of the Formless 47 1. The Sphere of Unbounded Space.......... 47 2. The Sphere of Innite Consciousness........ 47 3. The Sphere of Nothingness............. 48 4. The Sphere of neither Perception nor Non-perception 48 Chapter IV. Degrees of Ecacy in Good Consciousness of the Three Realms.................... 48 1. Good consciousness in the Universe of Sense... 49 2. Good in Relation to the Universe of Form..... 51 3. Good in Relation to the Formless Universe..... 51 Chapter V. Thought engaged upon the Higher Ideal.... 52 1. The First Path..................... 52 2. The Second Path................... 62 3. The Third Path.................... 62 4. The Fourth Path.................... 63 CONTENTS v Part II. Bad States of Consciousness 65 Chapter VI. The Twelve Bad Thoughts............ 65 1. With Gladness, with Views............. 65 2. With Gladness, with Views, Instigated....... 70 3. With Gladness, without Views............ 70 4. With Gladness, without Views, Instigated..... 71 5. With Indierence, with Views............ 71 6. With Indierence, with Views, Instigated...... 73 7. With Indierence, without Views.......... 73 8. With Indierence, without Views, Instigated.... 74 9. With Sorrow, Repugnance.............. 74 10. With Sorrow, Repugnance, Instigated....... 77 11. With Indierence, Perplexity............ 77 12. With Indierence, Distraction........... 80 Part III. Indeterminate States of Consciousness 85 Chapter I. On Eect, or Result................ 85 A. Good Karma..................... 85 B. Bad Karma....................... 107 Chapter II. Inoperative Thoughts............... 111 A. In connexion with the Sensuous Universe..... 111 B. In connexion with the Universe of Form...... 116 C. In connexion with the Universe of the Formless.. 116 Book II. Material Form 121 Introductory.......................... 121 Chapter I. [Material] Form under a Single Aspect...... 121 Chapter II. [Material] Form under a Dual Aspect...... 123 Chapter III. [Material] Form under a Triple Aspect..... 149 Chapter IV. [Material] Form under a Fourfold Aspect... 159 Chapter V. [Material] Form under a Fivefold Aspect.... 166 Chapter VI. [Material] Form under a Sixfold Aspect.... 167 Chapter VII. [Material] Form under a Sevenfold Aspect.. 168 Chapter VIII. [Material] Form under an Eightfold Aspect. 168 Chapter IX. [Material] Form under a Ninefold Aspect... 169 vi CONTENTS Chapter X. [Material] Form under a Tenfold Aspect.... 169 Chapter XI. [Material] Form under an Elevenfold Aspect. 170 Book III. The Division Entitled “The Deposition” 173 Part I. 173 Chapter I. The Group of Triplets............... 173 Chapter II. The Group on Root Condition.......... 183 Chapter III. The Short Intermediate Set of Pairs....... 190 Chapter IV. The Asava¯ Group................. 192 Chapter V. The Group of the Fetters............. 194 Chapter VI. The Group of the Ties.............. 197 Chapter VII. The Group of the Floods............ 199 Chapter VIII. The Group of the Bonds............ 200 Chapter IX. The Group of the Hindrances.......... 200 Chapter X. The Group on Perversion............. 203 Chapter XI. The Great Intermediate Set of Pairs...... 204 Chapter XII. The Group on Grasping............. 207 Chapter XIII. The Group on the Vices............ 209 Chapter XIV. The Supplementary Set of Pairs........ 211 Part II. 217 The Suttanta Pairs of Terms.................. 217 Appendixes 229 Appendix I. 229 Appendix II. 237 Endnotes 239 General Index 365 Index of Pali Words 379 CONTENTS vii Bibliography 385 Preface to the Third Edition The original edition of A Buddhist Manual of Psychological Ethics p. vii was published in 1900 by the Royal Asiatic Society as vol. XII in the Oriental Translation Fund, New Series. Before this date neither Dham- masanga˙ n.¯ı nor any of the other six Abhidhamma works had been translated into English. The R.A.S. therefore must command the re- spect and gratitude of everyone interested in this area of Pali¯ canonical literature for its pioneer venture in publishing Mrs Rhys Davids’s translation, and thus not only opening up a eld at that time virtu- ally untrodden and unexplored by westerners, but also making more widely known both her name and her considerable powers. That this venture was well justied may be judged by the publication of a 2nd edition in 1923, also by the R.A.S., and of this 3rd edition produced by the Pali Text Society with the gracious approval and assent of the R.A.S. The 2nd edition, slightly revised by Mrs Rhys Davids, was re-set in a smaller type than that used in the original edition. Consequently the pagination diered. It is hoped, however, that all inconsistencies in the numbering of the page-references have now been removed. In addition, it must be stated that as this 3rd edition is a photocopy of the 2nd it retains its pagination except in one particular now to be explained: Between 1900 and 1923 Mrs Rhys Davids came to realize that the 2nd edition must begin “as the 1st edition should have begun, with ix x BUDDHIST PSYCHOLOGICAL ETHICS the real beginning of the Abhidhamma-Pit.aka, i.e. with the Matik¯ a¯ or Table of Contents” (2nd edition p. ix).