C. Aqueous Equilibrium Constants 1

TROMA02_A07-A15hr.qxd 18-11-2009 14:48 Page A-12

A-12 APPENDIX II Useful Data # # Substance ≤H¡ (kJ mol) ≤G¡ (kJ mol) S¡ (J mol K) Substance ≤H¡ (kJ mol) ≤G¡ (kJ mol) S¡ (J mol K) f > f > > f > f > > Uranium Zinc U(s) 0 0 50.2 Zn(s) 0 0 41.6 U(g) 533.0 488.4 199.8 Zn(g) 130.4 94.8 161.0 2+ UF6(s) -2197.0 -2068.5 227.6 Zn (aq) -153.39 -147.1 -109.8 UF6(g) -2147.4 -2063.7 377.9 ZnCl2(s) -415.1 -369.4 111.5 UO2(s) -1085.0 -1031.8 77.0 ZnO(s)-350.5 -320.5 43.7 Vanadium ZnS (s, zinc blende)-206.0 -201.3 57.7 V(s) 0 0 28.9 ZnSO (s) -982.8 -871.5 110.5 V(g) 514.2 754.4 182.3 4

C. Aqueous Equilibrium Constants 1. Dissociation Constants for Acids at 25 °C

Name Formula Ka1 Ka2 Ka3 Name Formula Ka1 Ka2 Ka3 -5 -9 Acetic HC2H3O2 1.8 * 10 Hypobromous HBrO 2.8 * 10 -4 -8 Acetylsalicylic HC9H7O4 3.3 * 10 Hypochlorous HClO 2.9 * 10 -5 -6 -11 Adipic H2C6H8O4 3.9 * 10 3.9 * 10 Hypoiodous HIO 2.3 * 10 -3 -7 -12 -1 Arsenic H3AsO4 5.5 * 10 1.7 * 10 5.1 * 10 Iodic HIO3 1.7 * 10 -10 -4 Arsenous H3AsO3 5.1 * 10 Lactic HC3H5O3 1.4 * 10 -5 -12 -2 -7 Ascorbic H2C6H6O6 8.0 * 10 1.6 * 10 Maleic H2C4H2O4 1.2 * 10 5.9 * 10 -5 -3 -6 Benzoic HC7H5O2 6.5 * 10 Malonic H2C3H2O4 1.5 * 10 2.0 * 10 -10 -4 Boric H3BO3 5.4 * 10 Nitrous HNO2 4.6 * 10 -5 -2 -5 Butanoic HC4H7O2 1.5 * 10 Oxalic H2C2O4 6.0 * 10 6.1 * 10 -7 -11 -2 -9 Carbonic H2CO3 4.3 * 10 5.6 * 10 Paraperiodic H5IO6 2.8 * 10 5.3 * 10 -3 -10 Chloroacetic HC2H2O2Cl 1.4 * 10 Phenol HC6H5O 1.3 * 10 -2 -3 -8 -13 Chlorous HClO2 1.1 * 10 Phosphoric H3PO4 7.5 * 10 6.2 * 10 4.2 * 10 -4 -5 -7 -2 -7 Citric H3C6H5O7 7.4 * 10 1.7 * 10 4.0 * 10 Phosphorous H3PO3 5 * 10 2.0 * 10 -4 -5 Cyanic HCNO 2 * 10 Propanoic HC3H5O2 1.3 * 10 -4 -3 Formic HCHO2 1.8 * 10 Pyruvic HC3H3O3 4.1 * 10 -5 -1 -3 -7 Hydrazoic HN3 2.5 * 10 Pyrophosphoric H4P2O7 1.2 * 10 7.9 * 10 2.0 * 10 -10 -3 -9 Hydrocyanic HCN 4.9 * 10 Selenous H2SeO3 2.4 * 10 4.8 * 10 -4 -5 -6 Hydrofluoric HF 3.5 * 10 Succinic H2C4H4O4 6.2 * 10 2.3 * 10 -2 Hydrogen SulfuricH2SO4 Strong acid 1.2 * 10 - - * 7 -2 -8 chromate ion HCrO4 3.0 10 Sulfurous H2SO3 1.6 * 10 6.4 * 10 -3 -5 Hydrogen Tartaric H2C4H4O6 1.0 * 10 4.6 * 10 -12 peroxide H2O2 2.4 * 10 -1 Trichloroacetic HC2Cl3O2 2.2 * 10 Hydrogen - -2 Trifluoroacetic selenate ion HSeO4 2.2 * 10 -1 acid HC2F3O2 3.0 * 10 -8 -19 Hydrosulfuric H2S 8.9 * 10 1 * 10 -3 -11 HydrotelluricH2Te 2.3 * 10 1.6 * 10

2. Dissociation Constants for Hydrated Metal Ions at 25 °C

Cation Hydrated Ion Ka Cation Hydrated Ion Ka 3+ 3+ -5 3+ 3+ -3 Al Al(H2O)6 1.4 * 10 Fe Fe(H2O)6 6.3 * 10 2+ 2+ -7 2+ 2+ -11 Be Be(H2O)6 3 * 10 Ni Ni(H2O)6 2.5 * 10 2+ 2+ -9 2+ 2+ -8 Co Co(H2O)6 1.3 * 10 Pb Pb(H2O)6 3 * 10 3+ 3+ -4 2+ 2+ -4 Cr Cr(H2O)6 1.6 * 10 Sn Sn(H2O)6 4 * 10 2+ 2+ -8 2+ 2+ -10 Cu Cu(H2O)6 3 * 10 Zn Zn(H2O)6 2.5 * 10 2+ 2+ -10 Fe Fe(H2O)6 3.2 * 10 TROMA02_A07-A15hr.qxd 18-11-2009 14:48 Page A-13

APPENDIX II Useful Data A-13

3. Dissociation Constants for Bases at 25 °C

Name Formula Kb Name Formula Kb -5 -7 Ammonia NH3 1.76 * 10 Ketamine C13H16ClNO 3 * 10 -10 -4 Aniline C6H5NH2 3.9 * 10 Methylamine CH3NH2 4.4 * 10 - -8 -6 Bicarbonate ion HCO3 2.3 * 10 Morphine C17H19NO3 1.6 * 10 2- -4 -6 Carbonate ion CO3 1.8 * 10 Nicotine C10H14N2 1.0 * 10 -6 -3 Codeine C18H21NO3 1.6 * 10 Piperidine C5H10NH 1.33 * 10 -4 -4 Diethylamine (C2H5)2NH 6.9 * 10 Propylamine C3H7NH2 3.5 * 10 -4 -9 Dimethylamine (CH3)2NH 5.4 * 10 Pyridine C5H5N 1.7 * 10 -4 -6 Ethylamine C2H5NH2 5.6 * 10 Strychnine C21H22N2O2 1.8 * 10 -5 -4 Ethylenediamine C2H8N2 8.3 * 10 Triethylamine (C2H5)3N 5.6 * 10 -6 -5 Hydrazine H2NNH2 1.3 * 10 Trimethylamine(CH3)3N 6.4 * 10 -8 HydroxylamineHONH2 1.1 * 10

4. Solubility Product Constants for Compounds at 25 °C

Compound Formula Ksp Compound Formula Ksp -33 -39 Aluminum hydroxide Al(OH)3 1.3 * 10 Iron(III) hydroxide Fe(OH)3 2.79 * 10 -21 -19 Aluminum phosphate AlPO4 9.84 * 10 Lanthanum fluoride LaF3 2 * 10 -9 -12 Barium carbonate BaCO3 2.58 * 10 Lanthanum iodate La(IO3)3 7.50 * 10 -10 -6 Barium chromate BaCrO4 1.17 * 10 Lead(II) bromide PbBr2 4.67 * 10 -5 -14 Barium fluoride BaF2 2.45 * 10 Lead(II) carbonate PbCO3 7.40 * 10 -3 -5 Barium hydroxide Ba(OH)2 5.0 * 10 Lead(II) chloride PbCl2 1.17 * 10 -6 -13 Barium oxalate BaC2O4 1.6 * 10 Lead(II) chromate PbCrO4 2.8 * 10 -39 -8 Barium phosphate Ba3(PO4)2 6 * 10 Lead(II) fluoride PbF2 3.3 * 10 -10 -20 Barium sulfate BaSO4 1.07 * 10 Lead(II) hydroxide Pb(OH)2 1.43 * 10 -12 -9 Cadmium carbonate CdCO3 1.0 * 10 Lead(II) iodide PbI2 9.8 * 10 -15 -54 Cadmium hydroxide Cd(OH)2 7.2 * 10 Lead(II) phosphate Pb3(PO4)2 1 * 10 -28 -8 Cadmium sulfide CdS 8 * 10 Lead(II) sulfate PbSO4 1.82 * 10 -9 -29 Calcium carbonate CaCO3 4.96 * 10 Lead(II) sulfide PbS 9.04 * 10 -4 -6 Calcium chromate CaCrO4 7.1 * 10 Magnesium carbonate MgCO3 6.82 * 10 -10 -11 Calcium fluoride CaF2 1.46 * 10 Magnesium fluoride MgF2 5.16 * 10 -6 -13 Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 4.68 * 10 Magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH)2 2.06 * 10 -6 Calcium hydrogen Magnesium oxalate MgC2O4 4.83 * 10 - * 7 -11 phosphate CaHPO4 1 10 Manganese(II) carbonate MnCO3 2.24 * 10 - * 9 -13 Calcium oxalate CaC2O4 2.32 10 Manganese(II) hydroxide Mn(OH)2 1.6 * 10 - * 33 -13 Calcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2 2.07 10 Manganese(II) sulfide MnS 2.3 * 10 - * 5 -23 Calcium sulfate CaSO4 7.10 10 Mercury(I) bromide Hg2Br2 6.40 * 10 - * 31 -17 Chromium(III) hydroxide Cr(OH)3 6.3 10 Mercury(I) carbonate Hg2CO3 3.6 * 10 - * 10 -18 Cobalt(II) carbonate CoCO3 1.0 10 Mercury(I) chloride Hg2Cl2 1.43 * 10 - * 15 -9 Cobalt(II) hydroxide Co(OH)2 5.92 10 Mercury(I) chromate Hg2CrO4 2 * 10 - * 22 -40 Cobalt(II) sulfide CoS 5 10 Mercury(I) cyanide Hg2(CN)2 5 * 10 - * 9 -29 Copper(I) bromide CuBr 6.27 10 Mercury(I) iodide Hg2I2 5.2 * 10 - * 7 -26 Copper(I) chloride CuCl 1.72 10 Mercury(II) hydroxide Hg(OH)2 3.1 * 10 -20 Copper(I) cyanide CuCN 3.47 * 10 Mercury(II) sulfide HgS 1.6 * 10-54 - * 10 -7 Copper(II) carbonate CuCO3 2.4 10 Nickel(II) carbonate NiCO3 1.42 * 10 - * 20 -16 Copper(II) hydroxide Cu(OH)2 2.2 10 Nickel(II) hydroxide Ni(OH)2 5.48 * 10 - * 37 -20 Copper(II) phosphate Cu3(PO4)2 1.40 10 Nickel(II) sulfide NiS 3 * 10 - * 36 -5 Copper(II) sulfide CuS 1.27 10 Silver bromate AgBrO3 5.38 * 10 - * 11 -13 Iron(II) carbonate FeCO3 3.07 10 Silver bromide AgBr 5.35 * 10 - * 17 -12 Iron(II) hydroxide Fe(OH)2 4.87 10 Silver carbonate Ag2CO3 8.46 * 10 -19 Iron(II) sulfide FeS 3.72 * 10 (continued on the next page) TROMA02_A07-A15hr.qxd 18-11-2009 14:48 Page A-14

A-14 APPENDIX II Useful Data

Compound Formula Ksp Compound Formula Ksp -10 -31 Silver chloride AgCl 1.77 * 10 Strontium phosphate Sr3(PO4)2 1 * 10 -12 -7 Silver chromate Ag2CrO4 1.12 * 10 Strontium sulfate SrSO4 3.44 * 10 -17 -27 Silver cyanide AgCN 5.97 * 10 Tin(II) hydroxide Sn(OH)2 5.45 * 10 Silver iodide AgI 8.51 * 10-17 Tin(II) sulfide SnS 1 * 10-26 -17 -10 Silver phosphate Ag3PO4 8.89 * 10 Zinc carbonate ZnCO3 1.46 * 10 -5 -15 Silver sulfate Ag2SO4 1.20 * 10 Zinc hydroxide Zn(OH)2 3 * 10 -51 -8 Silver sulfide Ag2S 6 * 10 Zinc oxalate ZnC2O4 2.7 * 10 -10 -25 Strontium carbonate SrCO3 5.60 * 10 Zinc sulfide ZnS 2 * 10 -5 Strontium chromateSrCrO4 3.6 * 10

5. Complex Ion Formation Constants in Water at 25 °C

Complex Ion Kf Complex Ion Kf - 21 3- 43 [Ag(CN)2] 1 * 10 [Fe(CN)6] 2 * 10 [Ag(EDTA)]3- 2.1 * 107 [Fe(EDTA)]2- 2.1 * 1014 + 7 - 24 [Ag(en)2] 5.0 * 10 [Fe(EDTA)] 1.7 * 10 + 7 2+ 9 [Ag(NH3)2] 1.7 * 10 [Fe(en)3] 5.0 * 10 3- 10 4- 5 [Ag(SCN)4] 1.2 * 10 [Fe(ox)3] 1.7 * 10 - 13 3- 20 [Ag(S2O3)2] 2.8 * 10 [Fe(ox)3] 2 * 10 [Al(EDTA)]- 1.3 * 1016 [Fe(SCN)]2+ 8.9 * 102 3- 19 2- 41 [AlF6] 7 * 10 [Hg(CN)4] 1.8 * 10 - 33 2- 16 [Al(OH)4] 3 * 10 [HgCl4] 1.1 * 10 3- 16 2- 21 [Al(ox)3] 2 * 10 [Hg(EDTA)] 6.3 * 10 2- 3 2+ 23 [CdBr4] 5.5 * 10 [Hg(en)2] 2 * 10 2- 18 2- 30 [Cd(CN)4] 3 * 10 [HgI4] 2 * 10 2- 2 2- 6 [CdCl4] 6.3 * 10 [Hg(ox)2] 9.5 * 10 2+ 12 2- 31 [Cd(en)3] 1.2 * 10 [Ni(CN)4] 2 * 10 2- 6 2- 18 [CdI4] 2 * 10 [Ni(EDTA)] 3.6 * 10 2- 16 2+ 18 [Co(EDTA)] 2.0 * 10 [Ni(en)3] 2.1 * 10 - 36 2+ 8 [Co(EDTA)] 1 * 10 [Ni(NH3)6] 2.0 * 10 2+ 13 4- 8 [Co(en)3] 8.7 * 10 [Ni(ox)3] 3 * 10 3+ 48 - 1 [Co(en)3] 4.9 * 10 [PbCl3] 2.4 * 10 2+ 5 2- 18 [Co(NH3)6] 1.3 * 10 [Pb(EDTA)] 2 * 10 3+ 33 2- 4 [Co(NH3)6] 2.3 * 10 [PbI4] 3.0 * 10 2- 9 - 13 [Co(OH)4] 5 * 10 [Pb(OH)3] 8 * 10 4- 9 2- 6 [Co(ox)3] 5 * 10 [Pb(ox)2] 3.5 * 10 3- 20 4- 6 [Co(ox)3] 1 * 10 [Pb(S2O3)3] 2.2 * 10 2- 3 2- 16 [Co(SCN)4] 1 * 10 [PtCl4] 1 * 10 - 23 2+ 35 [Cr(EDTA)] 1 * 10 [Pt(NH3)6] 2 * 10 - 29 - 25 [Cr(OH)4] 8.0 * 10 [Sn(OH)3] 3 * 10 2- 5 2- 19 [CuCl3] 5 * 10 [Zn(CN)4] 2.1 * 10 2- 25 2- 16 [Cu(CN)4] 1.0 * 10 [Zn(EDTA)] 3 * 10 2- 18 2+ 14 [Cu(EDTA)] 5 * 10 [Zn(en)3] 1.3 * 10 2+ 20 2+ 9 [Cu(en)2] 1 * 10 [Zn(NH3)4] 2.8 * 10 2+ 13 2- 15 [Cu(NH3)4] 1.7 * 10 [Zn(OH)4] 2 * 10 2- 8 4- 8 [Cu(ox)2] 3 * 10 [Zn(ox)3] 1.4 * 10 4- 35 [Fe(CN)6] 1.5 * 10