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Georg Joachim Rheticus Aus Wikipedia, Der Freien Enzyklopädie Georg Joachim Rheticus aus Wikipedia, der freien Enzyklopädie Wechseln zu: Navigation, Suche Georg Joachim Rheticus (auch Rhäticus, Rhaeticus, Rhetikus) (* 16. Februar 1514 in Feldkirch, Österreich; † 4. Dezember 1574 in Kaschau, Ungarn), eigentlich Georg Joachim von Lauchen, war ein österreichischer Mathematiker, Astronom, Theologe, Kartograph, Instrumentenmacher und Mediziner. Inhaltsverzeichnis [Verbergen] • 1 Leben • 2 Werke • 3 Literatur • 4 Weblinks Leben [Bearbeiten] Rheticus ist der Sohn von Georg Iserin, dem Stadtmedicus von Feldkirch. Er lernte zunächst an der Lateinschule in Feldkirch, und studierte dann von 1528 bis 1531 in Zürich Mathematik, danach an der Universität Wittenberg, wo er sich 1536 den akademischen Grad eines Magisters der freien Künste erwarb. Durch die Patronage von Philipp Melanchthon wurde er 1537 Professor für Mathematik und Astronomie in Wittenberg. Im folgenden Jahr ermöglichte Melanchthon ihm eine längere Studienreise zu berühmten Mathematikern und Astronomen. In Nürnberg besuchte er den Mathematiker und Herausgeber Johannes Schöner und den Drucker Johannes Petreius, die ihn vermutlich beauftragten, Kopernikus zur Herausgabe seines Hauptwerkes in Nürnberg zu überreden. Zumindest gab ihm Petreius drei Bücher aus seinem Verlag als Geschenk für Kopernikus mit. Anschließend studierte er bei Peter Apian in Ingolstadt, Joachim Camerarius in Tübingen und Achilles Gasser in seiner Heimatstadt. 1539-41 verweilte Rheticus bei Kopernikus in Frauenburg. Heinrich Zell, ein Schüler von Sebastian Münster, begleitete Rheticus nach Preußen und während des Aufenthaltes bei Kopernikus konnte Zell alle Dokumente im Fürstbistum Ermland einsehen und erstellte zusammen mit Kopernikus eine detaillierte Landkarte von Preußen. Dann lehrte Rheticus in Wittenberg, Nürnberg und bis 1545 in Leipzig. Bis 1548 war er wieder unterwegs, er besuchte Gerolamo Cardano in Mailand und begann ein Medizinstudium in Zürich. Wiederum auf Fürsprache Melanchthons wurde er in die theologische Fakultät in Leipzig aufgenommen. In Folge eines Skandals wegen einer Affäre mit einem seiner Studenten musste er Leipzig 1551 überstürzt verlassen und studierte danach Medizin in Prag. Ab 1554 lebte er in Krakau als praktizierender Arzt und zog kurz vor seinem Tod nach Kaschau in Ungarn. Er trug zuerst und wesentlich zur Verbreitung des kopernikanischen Weltsystems bei. Er war der einzige Schüler Kopernikus' und konnte ihn bei seinem Aufenthalt in Frauenburg davon überzeugen, sein Hauptwerk in Druck zu geben. Während dieser Zeit gab er die erste Mitteilung über dasselbe in der Narratio prima de libris revolutionum Copernici heraus. Auf dem Weg nach Nürnberg zur Einleitung des Drucks veröffentlichte er noch in Wittenberg den mathematischen Teil ergänzt durch von ihm berechnete Tafeln der Sinus- und Cosinusfunktionen. Die Korrektur der Druckfahnen des De revolutionobus musste er Andreas Osiander überlassen. Dieser nahm eine theologische Abhandlung Rheticus' über die Verträglichkeit des heliozentrischen Systems mit der Heiligen Schrift heraus und ersetzte sie anonym durch ein von ihm verfasstes neues Vorwort, indem er das neue System als bloßes Rechenmodell vorstellte. Später gab Rheticus die Ephemeris ex fundamentis Copernici (Leipz. 1550) heraus. Bedeutende Verdienste erwarb er sich ferner durch seine zehnstelligen, von 10 zu 10 Sekunden fortschreitenden Tafeln der trigonometrischen Funktionen, deren Berechnung indes erst von seinem Schüler Valentin Otho zu Ende geführt wurde, der sie auch im Opus palatinum de triangulis (Heidelb. 1596) herausgab. Der Asteroid (15949) Rhaeticus wurde 2001 zu seinen Ehren benannt. Werke [Bearbeiten] Narratio prima • Rheticus: Narratio prima de libris revolutionum Copernici, Danzig 1540 • Rheticus: Tabula chorographica auff Preussen und etliche umbliegende lender, 1541 (Nicolaus Copernicus Gesamtausgabe Bd. VIII/1: Receptio Copernicana [1]) • Rheticus: Chorographia tewsch, 1541 ([2]) • N. Copernicus und Rheticus: De lateribus et angulis triangulorum; Vittembergæ: excusum per Iohannem Lufft, 1542 • Rheticus: Ephemerides novae, Lipsiae: Ex officina VVolphgangi Gvnteri, anno 1550 • Rheticus: Canon doctrinae triangulorum; Lipsiae, 1551. • Ephemerides Novae Seu Expositio Positus Diurni Siderum Et "synschematismōn" praecipuorum ad Ann. redemtoris nostri Iesu Christi Filij Dei, M. D. LI. Qui est primus annus Olympiados D. LXXXII. exquisita ratione & accurato studio elaborata. Lipsiae 1550, Online-Ausgabe der Sächsischen Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden • Canon doctrinae triangvlorvm . Lipsiae 1551, Online-Ausgabe der Sächsischen Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden Literatur [Bearbeiten] • Karl Heinz Burmeister : Georg Joachim Rhetikus 1514-1574. Bd.I-III. Guido Pressler Verlag, Wiesbaden 1967. • Stefan Deschauer: Die Arithmetik-Vorlesung des Georg Joachim Rheticus, Wittenberg 1536: eine kommentierte Edition der Handschrift X-278 (8) der Estnischen Akademischen Bibliothek; Augsburg: Rauner, 2003; ISBN 3-936905-00-2 • R. Hooykaas: G. J. Rheticus’ Treatise on holy scripture and the motion of the earth / with transl., annotations, commentary and additional chapters on Ramus-Rheticus and the development of the problem before 1650; Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1984 • Karl Christian Bruhns: Joachim, Georg. In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Band 14, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1881, S. 93 f. • Siegmund Günther: Rheticus, Georg Joachim. In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Band 28, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1889, S. 388–390. • Wolfgang Klose: Das Wittenberger Gelehrtenstammbuch: das Stammbuch von Abraham Ulrich (1549-1577) und David Ulrich (1580-1623), Halle: Mitteldt. Verl., 1999, ISBN 3- 932776-76-3 .
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