DOCSLIB.ORG

Homosociality in an All-Male Residence Hall in the US

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Homosociality in an All-Male Residence Hall in the US CENTRAL EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY Between Class & Friendship: Homosociality in an All-Male Residence Hall in the U.S. Frank G. Karioris Doctoral Dissertation Submitted to Central European University Gender Studies Department In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of: DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Comparative Gender Studies Specialization in Sociology & Social Anthropology BY Frank G. Karioris Supervisor: Daniel Monterescu Budapest, Hungary June 2016 CEU eTD Collection Frank G. Karioris – Dissertation - CEU This dissertation contains no materials accepted for any other degrees in any other institution, and contains no materials previously written and/or published by another person, except where appropriate acknowledgement is made in the form of bibliographic reference. Signature: Date: CEU eTD Collection i Frank G. Karioris – Dissertation - CEU Abstract: Based on extensive residential fieldwork, this dissertation aims to present a more rounded perspective on men’s homosocial relations than current literature in Critical Studies of Men & Masculinities and demonstrate the importance of these relations in these men’s lives, within the context of an all-male residence hall at a midsized, private university in the USA. It aims to showcase the cross-disciplinary lacuna that exists on this topic in both anthropological studies of men and their relations, as well as within the field of Higher Education and its understanding of the way that men socialize and orient themselves during their first year at university. In this way the dissertation hopes to open up a discussion not just about these specific men and their relations, but also to locate the role that the university itself as a primary socialization institution has in the creation of these roles, production of gender subjectivities, and positions; in particular as universities take on greater and greater importance for wider and wider groupings of people within the United States. I argue that these homosocial relationships provide an insight into the institutional mechanisms of the university, as well as opening up a more rounded understanding of the role that these relationships play in these guys’ lives during their time at university. Further, I argue that university sets up a particular heteronormative framework for students and in so doing it positions the campus in spatial and temporal ways that are aligned with this, to which the guys’ homosocial relations act as a form of resisting these spatio-temporal constructions and pursuing a vision of space and time that is constituted through enactments of homosociality. Throughout the dissertation, the overarching research question is: what is the role of homosociality in these men’s lives, and how do these homosocial relationships guide their relationship to the university through connections with time, space, geography, and sociality/sexuality? To do this I will bring to bear not just empirical data from my year long fieldwork but will also tackle theoretical issues surrounding ideas about liminality, sociality, intimacy, and the role of higher education in the US in the 21st Century. Running throughout the dissertation is a question of the configuration of masculinity in the United States presently, which argues for a questioning of the position that universities play in shaping and forming class hierarchies and gender relations, and, further, demonstrates the importance of the university as a site of symbolic as well as cultural capital. The thesis takes as its theoretical grounding a neo-Bourdieusian framework, utilizing both his conceptual tools as well as his work directly on education (and higher education). This work will be augmented with more recent writings on higher education, masculinity, and anthropological inquiries. My thesis is that the university holds a crucial place in the US in the way that it sets up classed and gendered (as well as raced) hierarchies and produces specific forms of relations that students work through and around, building their own worlds under the CEU eTD Collection watchful eye of the administration; particular to this is the way that men mobilize their homosocial relations producing relationships that alter the meaning of ‘friendship’ and intimacy while simultaneously conjuring positions of liminality, community, and nostalgia as part of their social milieu and through this challenging simplistic notions of ‘university life’ or the meaning of men’s friendships. ii Frank G. Karioris – Dissertation - CEU CEU eTD Collection iii Frank G. Karioris – Dissertation - CEU Table of Contents Acknowledgments Abbreviations Preface Introduction - Educating Masculinity: Class, Friendship, and the University Chapter 1 - Towards a Theory of Homosociality: Reviewing, Rethinking, & Directions Forward Chapter 2 - Geographies of Life: Work, Space, & Relations Chapter 3 - Temporally Adrift & Permanently Liminal: Relations, Distolgia and Transition Chapter 4 - Myths of Community: Materialist Practices, Residence Life, and Students Chapter 5 - Sexuality in Education: The University’s Marital Pushes and Programs Chapter 6 - “Lets Bang!”: Heteronormativity & the Divide of Sociality/Sexuality Conclusion - Sociality in Education as a Form of Pedagogic Becoming Bibliography CEU eTD Collection iv Frank G. Karioris – Dissertation - CEU Table of Contents Table of Contents ............................................................................................................. iv Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................... vii Abbreviations .................................................................................................................. xii Preface ............................................................................................................................. xiii Introduction ............................................................................................................................. xiv Vignette: The End of the Year ............................................................................................... xiv A Year On, A Year Gone: In His Own Words .................................................................... xvii Introduction - Educating Masculinity: Class, Friendship, and the University ........... 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 2 Education & Higher Education in the U.S. ............................................................................. 7 The Role of the Residence Hall ............................................................................................... 21 Myths of Community ............................................................................................................... 25 The City, the University, and the Hall ................................................................................... 27 Masculinity, Youth, and Liminality ....................................................................................... 36 Philosophy of Sociality & Friendship..................................................................................... 43 Feminism(s), Intersectionality, and Power ............................................................................ 46 Methods & Methodology ......................................................................................................... 50 Literature Review .................................................................................................................... 58 Theoretical Framework: The Body, Capital, and Gender ................................................... 80 Dissertation Outline ................................................................................................................. 86 Chapter 1 - Towards a Theory of Homosociality: Basis for a Theoretical Foundation ........................................................................................................................................... 90 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 91 Foundational Theorizing: Lipman-Blumen, Sedgwick, and Bird ....................................... 97 Recent Contributions: Kaplan, Arxer, Flood, and Houston .............................................. 105 Retheorizing & Directions Forward .................................................................................... 114 Conclusion .............................................................................................................................. 120 Chapter 2 - Geographies of Life: Work, Space & Relations..................................... 124 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 125 A First Meeting ...................................................................................................................... 129 The Step Kids ......................................................................................................................... 131 Conflict with Herald Hall ...................................................................................................... 144 The Basement ......................................................................................................................... 154 The Man Cave Guys .............................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • An Analysis of Hegemonic Social Structures in "Friends"
    "I'LL BE THERE FOR YOU" IF YOU ARE JUST LIKE ME: AN ANALYSIS OF HEGEMONIC SOCIAL STRUCTURES IN "FRIENDS" Lisa Marie Marshall A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY August 2007 Committee: Katherine A. Bradshaw, Advisor Audrey E. Ellenwood Graduate Faculty Representative James C. Foust Lynda Dee Dixon © 2007 Lisa Marshall All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Katherine A. Bradshaw, Advisor The purpose of this dissertation is to analyze the dominant ideologies and hegemonic social constructs the television series Friends communicates in regard to friendship practices, gender roles, racial representations, and social class in order to suggest relationships between the series and social patterns in the broader culture. This dissertation describes the importance of studying television content and its relationship to media culture and social influence. The analysis included a quantitative content analysis of friendship maintenance, and a qualitative textual analysis of alternative families, gender, race, and class representations. The analysis found the characters displayed actions of selectivity, only accepting a small group of friends in their social circle based on friendship, gender, race, and social class distinctions as the six characters formed a culture that no one else was allowed to enter. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This project stems from countless years of watching and appreciating television. When I was in college, a good friend told me about a series that featured six young people who discussed their lives over countless cups of coffee. Even though the series was in its seventh year at the time, I did not start to watch the show until that season.
    [Show full text]
  • Abjection, 14–15, 166 Académie Française, 175, 176 Adam, Antoine
    Manning the Margins: Masculinity and Writing in Seventeenth-Century France Lewis C. Seifert http://www.press.umich.edu/titleDetailDesc.do?id=354488 The University of Michigan Press, 2009. Index abjection, 14–15, 166 118–19, 120, 122, 123–24, 132, 135, Académie Française, 175, 176 138–39, 141–42, 145, 277n6, 278n8, Adam, Antoine, 185, 204, 289n109, 278n14, 279n33, 279n37, 280n55. See 291–92n136, 292n144, 293n153 also Scudéry (Madeleine de) affectation, 110 art de plaire, 11, 25–26, 41, 45, 87 affectivity: gender and, 119; male body Art poétique (Boileau), 55 and, 146; men and, 123–24. See also ataraxia, 26 melancholy; tendresse Aubignac, Abbé François Hédelin d’, 81, aggression: civilizing process and, 8–9, 92 256n19; galanterie and, 89; honnêteté Auchy, Charlotte des Ursins, d’, 79 and, 9 Augustus (Gaius Julius Caesar Octa- agrément, 44, 112, 260n27, 261n32 vianus), 30 air galant (Scudéry, Madeleine de): authorship, 17, 186, 192, 289–90nn110–12, de‹nition of, 118; men and, 118–19; 232–33, 273–74n10, 300n73 men vs. women in, 120–22; power in, 121–25; tendresse and, 127; women and, Badinter, Elizabeth, 278n21 120 Balzac, Jean-Louis Guez de: career of, Alcibiades, 30, 38, 50 290n118; Voiture and, 108, 110–11, 115, Alexander the Great, 30, 38 271n117, 275n23; writer in Rambouil- Aligre, Marie d’, 90 let’s salon, 81 Amadis de Gaule, 104 bardache, 164, 171 anagnorisis, 239–41 Barthes, Roland, 271n116 Angennes, Julie d’, 105 Baudelaire, Charles, 184 “Apologie de Théophile” (Viau), 189, Baverel-Croissant, Marie-Françoise, 193–96, 292n37, 292n150
    [Show full text]
  • NEUROSES and PSYCHONEUROSES. 1927, Lxii, 1
    J Neurol Psychopathol: first published as 10.1136/jnnp.s1-8.30.168 on 1 October 1927. Downloaded from 168168TABS'IA( ;TS elements of love. This is an antisocial factor. Monogamy engenders jealousy in both sexes and this interferes with sociality. Women have more to gain by marriage than men; this fact also causes jealousy. A most important factor is that woman's work is often of a relatively domestic and unsocial nature as compared with man's. The seclusion of women in the home also interferes with social behaviour. The author does not fail to observe, however, that under present day conditions the influence of some of these factors is tending to diminish. The increased social life of women is following a hetero- social rather than a homosocial course. This automatically increases male heterosociality. The institution of the family is in some ways antagonistic, but in other ways favourable to social sentiments. Tracing the influence of the family through successive ages, certain changes have occurred which are compared with those taking place in the environment as a whole. Although the family is probably the most primitive and natural social unit, in the' totemic age' it lost much of its importance as compared with the clan. In some ways, however, a satisfactory compromise occurred between jealousy and sociality. Later it became more important, but in the present times it is yielding its importance to social influences. Sociality implies less jealousy andguest. Protected by copyright. exclusive possession. Romantic sexual love favours the formation oI social sentiments because it implies ' aim-inhibition,' less egoism and narcissism.
    [Show full text]
  • Overview of the Virtue of Charity
    Overview of the Virtue of Charity The virtue of Charity means being generous with our presence, time, and money. Charity allows us to give freely without expecting anything in return. The virtue of Charity is an essential sign of faith. Jewish and Christian ethics are built upon charitable acts and deeds. The virtue of charity encompasses a range of small acts and habits that affects our own immediate surroundings as well as the larger global community. It can be as simple as giving someone a smile or it can be expressed on a larger scale through raising funds for world organizations such as Development and Peace or Free the Children. It applies not just to our personal relationships with other people, but also extends to things, animals, plants, and the Earth. All creation is interrelated. Charity allows us to see how we are connected to others through time and space. We have a responsibility to nurture, support, and be in solidarity with those around us. Exploring Your Inner Self: Why the virtue of charity might be for you If you are… Self-absorbed Acting unkindly or in nasty ways Thinking only of your needs Stingy with your time, and material objects Neglectful of or indifferent to the needs of others Then you may wish to explore the virtue of charity…. Charity allows you to give to others Charity allows you to share your time and talents with others Charity brings the world close to home Charity allows you to make a positive difference Modelling the Virtue of Charity: The Catholic Community Award Modelling Forgiveness: The Catholic Community Award The Catholic Community Award: The Catholic Community Award is a monthly award given to students who may be the “unsung heroes” of our community.
    [Show full text]
  • Masculinity, Homosociality, and Violence Among Fraternity Men
    University of Connecticut OpenCommons@UConn Honors Scholar Theses Honors Scholar Program Spring 5-1-2020 Brothers as Men: Masculinity, Homosociality, and Violence Among Fraternity Men Daniel McCloskey [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://opencommons.uconn.edu/srhonors_theses Part of the Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation McCloskey, Daniel, "Brothers as Men: Masculinity, Homosociality, and Violence Among Fraternity Men" (2020). Honors Scholar Theses. 717. https://opencommons.uconn.edu/srhonors_theses/717 Brothers as Men: Masculinity, Homosociality, and Violence Among Fraternity Men by Daniel T. McCloskey Honors Thesis and University Scholar Project Department of Anthropology University of Connecticut University Scholar Committee: Dr. Françoise Dussart, Chair Dr. Pamela Erickson Dr. Daisy Reyes Honors Advisor: Dr. Alexia Smith May 2020 McCloskey, 2020 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements 3 Chapter 1: Introduction 5 Chapter 2: Gender 14 Chapter 3: Masculinity 25 Chapter 4: Homosociality 43 Chapter 5: Violence 61 Chapter 6: Conclusions 78 Bibliography 82 Appendices 86 McCloskey, 2020 3 Acknowledgements As much as I have dedicated my time and energies to this thesis, this work would not have been possible without the insight and guidance of so many people including my committee, my professors, programs at the University of Connecticut, my friends, and my family. While there are not words in the English language to fully express my appreciation and gratitude to these individuals, I will now do my best to make an attempt. First and foremost, I must acknowledge the role of the committee that helped me through this project. I would like to thank Dr. Françoise Dussart for her guidance throughout this process.
    [Show full text]
  • En El Norte La Mujer Manda
    AMERICANHirsch / EN EL BEHAVIORAL NORTE LA MUJER SCIENTIST MANDA En el Norte la Mujer Manda Gender, Generation, and Geography in a Mexican Transnational Community JENNIFER S. HIRSCH Emory University This study explores generational and migration-related changes in gender and marriage in two locations of a transnational community of Mexicans: the sending community in western Mexico and the receiving community in Atlanta. The principal method was life histories, focusing on 13 women in Atlanta and their sisters or sisters-in-law in Mexico; life history informants’mothers and husbands were also interviewed. A generational paradigm shift in marital ideals has occurred, from an ideal of respeto (respect) to one of confianza (trust), characterized by cooperative decision making, heterosociality, a less gendered division of labor in social reproduction, and a new role for marital sexuality. Although women on both sides of the frontera (border) share this companionate ideal, economic opportunities, more privacy, and some legal protection from domestic violence gave women in Atlanta more lev- erage to push for these companionate marriages. Women and men in rural western Mexico and their relatives in Atlanta dis- cuss differences between life in the United States and Mexico in terms of gender: They say that “en el norte la mujer manda”—that in the North, women give the orders. Young Mexican women on both sides of the frontera (border), however, call our attention to the role of history rather than migration in the transforma- tion of gender: They say they are not as easily pushed around as their mothers. Although older women in this community were hardly powerless, in the space of Author’s Note: This study was conducted while the author was a doctoral student at Johns Hopkins University in the departments of Population Dynamics and Anthropology.
    [Show full text]
  • Virtues and Vices to Luke E
    CATHOLIC CHRISTIANITY THE LUKE E. HART SERIES How Catholics Live Section 4: Virtues and Vices To Luke E. Hart, exemplary evangelizer and Supreme Knight from 1953-64, the Knights of Columbus dedicates this Series with affection and gratitude. The Knights of Columbus presents The Luke E. Hart Series Basic Elements of the Catholic Faith VIRTUES AND VICES PART THREE• SECTION FOUR OF CATHOLIC CHRISTIANITY What does a Catholic believe? How does a Catholic worship? How does a Catholic live? Based on the Catechism of the Catholic Church by Peter Kreeft General Editor Father John A. Farren, O.P. Catholic Information Service Knights of Columbus Supreme Council Nihil obstat: Reverend Alfred McBride, O.Praem. Imprimatur: Bernard Cardinal Law December 19, 2000 The Nihil Obstat and Imprimatur are official declarations that a book or pamphlet is free of doctrinal or moral error. No implication is contained therein that those who have granted the Nihil Obstat and Imprimatur agree with the contents, opinions or statements expressed. Copyright © 2001-2021 by Knights of Columbus Supreme Council All rights reserved. English translation of the Catechism of the Catholic Church for the United States of America copyright ©1994, United States Catholic Conference, Inc. – Libreria Editrice Vaticana. English translation of the Catechism of the Catholic Church: Modifications from the Editio Typica copyright © 1997, United States Catholic Conference, Inc. – Libreria Editrice Vaticana. Scripture quotations contained herein are adapted from the Revised Standard Version of the Bible, copyright © 1946, 1952, 1971, and the New Revised Standard Version of the Bible, copyright © 1989, by the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America, and are used by permission.
    [Show full text]
  • Prosociality and a Sociosexual Hypothesis for the Evolution of Same-Sex Attraction in Humans
    fpsyg-10-02955 January 10, 2020 Time: 9:34 # 1 PERSPECTIVE published: 16 January 2020 doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02955 Prosociality and a Sociosexual Hypothesis for the Evolution of Same-Sex Attraction in Humans Andrew B. Barron1* and Brian Hare2 1 Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia, 2 Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Center for Cognitive Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States Human same-sex sexual attraction (SSSA) has long been considered to be an evolutionary puzzle. The trait is clearly biological: it is widespread and has a strong additive genetic basis, but how SSSA has evolved remains a subject of debate. Of itself, homosexual sexual behavior will not yield offspring, and consequently individuals expressing strong SSSA that are mostly or exclusively homosexual are presumed to have lower fitness and reproductive success. How then did the trait evolve, and how is it maintained in populations? Here we develop a novel argument for the evolution of SSSA that focuses on the likely adaptive social consequences of SSSA. We argue that same sex sexual attraction evolved as just one of a suite of traits responding to strong selection for ease of social integration or prosocial behavior. A strong driver of Edited by: recent human behavioral evolution has been selection for reduced reactive aggression, Antonio Benítez-Burraco, University of Seville, Spain increased social affiliation, social communication, and ease of social integration. In many Reviewed by: prosocial mammals sex has adopted new social functions in contexts of social bonding, Jaroslava Varella Valentova, social reinforcement, appeasement, and play. We argue that for humans the social University of São Paulo, Brazil Rafael Lucas Rodriguez, functions and benefits of sex apply to same-sex sexual behavior as well as heterosexual University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, behavior.
    [Show full text]
  • GLWD Cowparade
    NYC2021 The CowParade God’s Love We Deliver is excited to announce that the Cow Parade is coming back to New York City this summer with God’s Love as the exclusive charity partner! If you were in the city in 2000, you likely recall the CowParade public art event during the summer of that year, which culminated in a live auction that raised hundreds of thousands of dollars for New York City non-profits including God’s Love We Deliver. The Mayor’s oce estimated that some 45 million people came to see the cows during the three months of the exhibit. CowParade began in New York and has gone on to stage another 90+ public art exhibits in 34 countries with more than 6,000 life size Fiberglass cows painted and imaginatively transformed by many thousands of global artists and sculptors. God’s Love is thrilled to be staging the 100th global CowParade event this August. NYC2021 Why Moo? The cow is simply a unique, three-dimensional canvas to which artists can easily relate. There really is no other animal that could adequately substitute for the cow. The surface area and bone structures are just right, as well as the height and length. Even more importantly, the cow is an animal we all love. One of the first words we say in our infancy is moo. Cows provide many the milk that fosters our development, and milk is the basis of childhood treats like ice cream. The cow is whimsical, quirky and never threatening. That is why so much of the art in this show causes us to laugh, smile and just feel good, something that New York City is yearning for.
    [Show full text]
  • Essays on Emotion Work Among Black Couples
    Together, Close, Resilient: Essays On Emotion Work Among Black Couples The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Bickerstaff, Jovonne J. 2015. Together, Close, Resilient: Essays On Emotion Work Among Black Couples. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, Graduate School of Arts & Sciences. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17467493 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Together, Close, Resilient: Essays On Emotion Work Among Black Couples A dissertation presented by Jovonne Juanita Bickerstaff to The Department of Sociology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of Sociology Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts April 2015 © 2015 Jovonne J. Bickerstaff All rights reserved. Dissertation Advisor: Professor Orlando Patterson Jovonne Juanita Bickerstaff Together, Close, Resilient: Essays on Emotion Work Among Black Couples Abstract Emotional intimacy and support are deemed vital to most individuals’ sense of relationship quality and satisfaction. Although relationship outcomes are more closely tied with partners’ sense of emotional well-being in their partnerships, most sociological inquiry focuses on how couples navigate instrumental tasks of family work (e.g. household work, childcare, etc.). Examinations of emotional facets of couple relationship remain rare. This dissertation addresses this dearth by presenting an inductively derived analysis of how black heterosexual spouses in enduring relationships (10-40 years) sustain emotional connection.
    [Show full text]
  • Mary Ellen Edmunds ______
    “Being Leads to Doing” Mary Ellen Edmunds ______________________________________________________________________ This address was given Thursday, April 28, 2016 at the BYU Women’s Conference © 2016 by Brigham Young University Women’s Conference. All rights reserved For further information write: BYU Women’s Conference 161 Harman Continuing Education Building Provo, Utah 84602 801-422-7692 E-mail: [email protected] Home page: http://womensconference.byu.edu ______________________________________________________________________ My hope is that each of us will catch one idea about charity, about love, that we’ll write down or think about, and it will make a bit of a difference in our day and maybe in our life. Please allow the Spirit to teach you something, no matter how horrible my presentation is. You have heard many descriptions of charity, lots of repetition. One that I especially like is from the Bible Dictionary: Charity is “the highest, noblest, strongest kind of love, not merely affection; it is the pure love of Christ. It is never used to denote alms or deeds of benevolence, although it may be a prompting to do something.” If charity is pure love, what makes it impure? I think sometimes it might be our motives, and if we’re not careful, sometimes our motives might be only self-serving—schmoozing. I practiced that a lot in the mirror. A man was doing humanitarian work in Central America, and he saw a little boy with a tattered shirt, and so he went to the large donation of clothing and found two little shirts that he thought would fit—gave them to the little boy.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Chivalry in Medieval and Modern Society Grace M
    HUMANITIES All Roads Lead to Homosociality: The Role of Chivalry in Medieval and Modern Society Grace M. McDougall Faculty Mentor: Dr. Karma Lochrie, Department of English, Indiana University Bloomington ABSTRACT This paper examines the role of chivalry in Marie de France’s lais, focusing on Guigemar with support from Bisclavret. One of the most-studied authors of the medieval period, Marie de France channels the values, anxieties, and societal dynamics of her time by both adhering to and pushing against literary norms. Guigemar and Bisclavret present near-perfect examples of knighthood according to chivalric norms, save for two flaws: Guigemar has no love for women, and Bisclavret is a werewolf. The treatment of these knights and their peculiarities reveals the strict expectations of masculinity and the risks of breaking from them. I pay particular attention to the importance of humility in chivalric masculinity and the ways in which their peculiarities affect their relationships, especially with other men. Guigemar shows that humility, rather than courage, martial skill, or courtesy, was the most important chivalric value. Humility is so essential because the main role of chivalry was to preserve the relationships between men that formed the basis of medieval society. I argue that understanding the cultural history of chivalry is important for modern audiences because the concept of chivalry is still used by many groups to legitimize and promote their interests and continues to shape our perceptions of masculinity and gender dynamics. While what we think of chivalry has changed greatly since Marie de France’s time, the ends of chivalry remain the same—to promote the interests of those in positions of power.
    [Show full text]