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Going Digital in Colombia OECD Reviews of Digital Transformation Going Digital in Colombia OECD Reviews of Digital Transformation: Going Digital in Colombia This work is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of OECD member countries. This document, as well as any data and any map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. Please cite this publication as: OECD (2019), OECD Reviews of Digital Transformation: Going Digital in Colombia, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/781185b1-en. ISBN 978-92-64-62371-2 (print) ISBN 978-92-64-94348-3 (pdf) ISBN 978-92-64-95067-2 (HTML) ISBN 978-92-64-49236-3 (epub) The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law. Photo credits: Cover © Adobe Stock/Image design © Taï Marc Le Thanh. Corrigenda to OECD publications may be found on line at: www.oecd.org/about/publishing/corrigenda.htm. © OECD 2019 You can copy, download or print OECD content for your own use, and you can include excerpts from OECD publications, databases and multimedia products in your own documents, presentations, blogs, websites and teaching materials, provided that suitable acknowledgement of OECD as source and copyright owner is given. All requests for public or commercial use and translation rights should be submitted to [email protected]. Requests for permission to photocopy portions of this material for public or commercial use shall be addressed directly to the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) at [email protected] or the Centre français d’exploitation du droit de copie (CFC) at [email protected]. FOREWORD Foreword OECD Reviews of Digital Transformation: Going Digital in Colombia is part of a new series of OECD country reviews. The OECD Reviews of Digital Transformation analyse recent developments of the digital economy in countries, review policies related to digitalisation and make recommendations to increase policy coherence in this area. Going Digital in Colombia examines recent developments in infrastructures for the digital economy, telecom markets, and related regulations and policies in Colombia. It reviews trends in the use of digital technologies by individuals, businesses and the government, and examines policies to foster diffusion. The Review also examines opportunities and challenges raised by digitalisation in key areas and analyses policy responses to these changes. The areas covered range from productivity and trade to innovation, the labour market and skills in the digital economy. The Review reconsiders these policies in relation to their coherence among different domains and in order to foster synergies across government ministries, levels and institutions, based on the Integrated Policy Framework of the OECD-wide Going Digital: Making the Transformation Work for Growth and Well-being project. Going Digital in Colombia was undertaken following an invitation by the Ministry of Information and Communication Technologies of Colombia, which also provided financial support. The Review was carried out by the OECD Directorate for Science, Technology and Innovation under the auspices of the OECD Committee on Digital Economy Policy. The review was prepared by a team led by Vincenzo Spiezia and including Rory O’Farrell, Maximilian Reich, Jan Tscheke and Verena Weber, under the supervision of Anne Carblanc, Head of the Digital Economy Division. Anders Hektor, Science and Innovation Counsellor to the Swedish Embassy in Seoul, provided inputs as an independent “peer” reviewer. The authors owe much to the support and co-operation of the Commission for Communications Regulation of Colombia, in particular Germán Dario Arias Pimienta, former Executive Director and Commissioner; Juan Manuel Wilches Duran, former Commissioner; Mariana Sarmiento, Co-ordinator; and Alejandro Delgado, Consultant. The Review draws on the results of a series of interviews with a wide range of stakeholders during two missions to Colombia in December 2017 and September 2018, including: Víctor Muñoz and Felipe Buitrago (Presidencia de la República), Nicolas Palau (Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Tourism), Sylvia Constain (Ministry of Information and Communication Technologies), Martha Suárez (ANE), Paola Bonilla and Juan Pablo García (National Planning Department), Juan Daniel Oviedo (DANE), Catalina García-Cure (DIAN), David Melo (Ministry of Culture), Nelson Remolina (SIC), Camilo Fernández de Soto and Jennifer Pineda (Colombia Productiva), Martha Bustamante (Ministry of Labour), Renzo García (Colciencias), Diana Silva (Ministry of Education), Jairo Velasco (Ministry of Finance and Public Credit), Alberto Yohai (CCIT), Alberto Solano (Andesco), Santiago Pinzón (ANDI), Ximena Duque (Fedesoft), Jorge Caldas (CAOBA), Luis Carlos Trujillo (CEA), Alejandro Franco (RUTA N), Carolina Botero (Fundación Karisma), Freddy Castro (Banca de las Oportunidades), Sandra Villota (Superfinanciera), Felipe Lega (URF), Wilson Prieto (colCERT), Ignacio Gaitán (iNNpulsa), Mario Castaño (CINTEL), Flavia Toro (ProColombia), ANTV, Centro Cibernético Policial, Colombia Compra Eficiente, SENA, Cámara Colombiana de Comercio Electrónico, Claro, Telefónica, ETB, Avantel, Tigo-Une, Connect Bogotá, HubBOG and DIRECTV. On 25 May 2018, the OECD Council invited Colombia to become a Member. At the time of publication the deposit of Colombia’s instrument of accession to the OECD Convention was pending and therefore Colombia does not appear in the list of OECD Members and is not included in the OECD zone aggregates. OECD REVIEWS OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION: GOING DIGITAL IN COLOMBIA © OECD 2019 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents Foreword ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 Acronyms, abbreviations and units of measure .................................................................................................... 7 Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................................................................... 9 Chapter 1 COLOMBIA IN THE DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES Fostering advanced services via digitalisation ........................................................................................... 14 Fostering integration in global value chains through advances in digital technologies ........................................................................................................................................................ 15 Increasing productivity through digital uptake ......................................................................................... 16 Using digital opportunities to tackle informality ..................................................................................... 18 Enhancing skills for the digital transformation ........................................................................................ 19 Promoting digital innovation ....................................................................................................................................... 20 Setting a regulatory framework conducive to digitalisation ......................................................... 20 Policies for digital transformation in Colombia ......................................................................................... 21 Going Digital: An integrated policy approach in the digital age ................................................ 22 Going Digital in Colombia .............................................................................................................................................. 25 References ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 26 Note ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 27 Chapter 2 ACCESS TO COMMUNICATION SERVICES Developments in the Colombian communication market ............................................................. 30 Developments in market structure ........................................................................................................................ 37 Main regulatory and policy developments ..................................................................................................... 42 References ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 52 Notes.................................................................................................................................................................................................... 52 Annex 2.A. Overview of market players in the Colombian communication market
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