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VERBAL IDIOMS of the QUR'an

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VERBAL IDIOMS of the QUR'an MUSTANSIR MIR VERBAL QURANof the The University of Michigan Center for Near Eastern and North African Studies 1989 Ii N 'N\ Nb VERBAL IDIOMS of THE QUR'AN VERBAL IDIOMS OF THE QUR'AN Mustansir Mir Michigan Series on the Middle East Number 1 Center for Near Eastern and North African Studies The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 1989 Copyright 1989 by Center for Near Eastern and North African Studies The University of Michigan All rights reserved Verbal idioms of the Qur'in (Michigan Series on the Middle East; no. 1) ISSN: 1045-6309 ISBN: 0-932098-21-5 (pbk.) Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 89-85764 Printed in the United States of America Dedicated to the memory of my Arabic teacher Dr. Zia-uI-Haq Sufi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank the Center for. Near Eastern and North African Studies for undertaking to publish this work. Professor E. N. McCarus, Director of the Center, has taken personal interest in the project. Professor John Kolars, chairman of the publications com- mittee of the Center, has exerted gentle pressure, patiently listening to excuses of delay in handing over the manuscript. Professor Charles Krahmalkov suggested methods of organizing the material which have saved me a lot of labor. Professor James A. Bellamy has, as always, been generous with his time and has given valuable comments. I am especially grateful to him for writing the Foreword. Last but by no means least, the support I have received from the members of my family during the several years that I have worked on the project has been crucial. For their patience and understanding, they have my deepest gratitude. vii CONTENTS Acknowledgments vii Ablbreviations xi Note on Transliteration xiii Foreword by Professor James A. Bellamy xv Key to Authors and Works xvii Introduction 1 Verbal Idioms of the Qur'5n 25 Glossary 375 ix ABBREVIATIONS act pt active participle(s) fig figurative(ly) lit literal(ly) mas masdar n(n). (see) note(s) obj object pass passive pass pt passive participle(s) phr phrase prep preposition(al) pres present pron pronoun, pronominal Q. Qur'in S(s). Sirah(s) sb somebody sth something und understood * vb verb vs(s). verse(s) xi NOTE ON TRANSLITERATION One of the standard systems of transliteration is used to represent the Arabic characters. The following points should be noted. The diphthongs are represented by aw and ay. The apostrophe is not used to indicate the hamzat al-wasl (thus: mina l- bibi). It is used, however, to distinguish or avoid confusion between certain letters or syllables (e.g. adh'haba, ascaqat'hum). The long vowels are regularly marked with a macron, whether or not they are followed by a hamzat al-wasl, and irrespective of whether they occur in prose or poetry; the only exception made is in deference to the Qur'inic orthography, a few long vowels having been represented as short (e.g. Ciqabi [ Ciqab1 in 38:14 and tan5di [ tan5dT] in 40:32). xiii FOREWORD Although medieval Arabic is well represented by dictionaries composed by Muslim scholars in the Middle Ages, the language still presents many lexical difficulties for the student and the mature scholar alike. The source of most such difficulties lies in the extraor- dinarily large number of idioms, in particular idioms involving verbs, in which the language abounds. Professor Mir, in addressing himself to this problem, has taken as his corpus the Qur'in, the sacred scripture of Islam and the most im- portant single book in Arabic literature, and has produced a contextual dictionary of verbal idioms that will be of great value to everyone interested in the Islamic religion, the Arabic language, and its extensive literature. The work is no mere repetition and re-arrangement of traditional data, but possesses a high degree of originality. With many years' study of the Qur'in behind him, the author freely offers his own interpretation of difficult idioms, which adds to the interest and utility of the work. Indeed, one may hope that future lexicographers will take their cue from Professor Mir's work and produce similar dic- tionaries of other features of the Arabic language. James A. Bellamy Professor of Arabic Literature University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 25 April 1989 xv KEY TO AUTHORS AND WORKS Only works that have been cited more than once in the book are listed here.. If a work is quoted only once, full citation of it is provided at the time of quotation. Ahl. W. Ahlwardt (ed.). The DTvans of the Six Ancient Arabic Poets: Enn5bigha, CAntara, Tharafa, Zuhair, cAIqama and Imruulqais. London: Trbner & Co., 1870. cAmr. Shicr cAmr ibn Sha's, ed. Yahyi al-Jub5rT, Najaf, Iraq: Mat- bacat al-Ad~b, 1976. cAnt. cAntarah ibn Shaddad al-cAbs. Sharh DTw5n CAntar, ed. lbr5hTm az-Zayn. Beirut: D~r an-Najih/Dar al-Fikr, n.d. Aq. Sacid ibn cAbd Allah ibn Mkh5T al-Kh5rT ash-ShartrinT. Aqrab al- Maw~rid ftFusahi I-cArabiyyah wa sh-Shaw5rid, 2 vols. and a supplement. Beirut, 1890? (In this work, the supplement is referred to as vol. 3.) Arberry Arthur J. Arberry, The Koran Interpreted. London: Oxford University Press 1964. The World's Classics, 596. As~s AbO I-Q~sim Mahm5d ibn CUmar az-ZamakhsharT. Asis al- Bal5ghah. Beirut: DirS~dir/D~r Bayri~t, 1965. xvii Key to Authors and Works xviii ACsh5 DTw~n aI.ACshi aI-Kabr-Maymin ibn Qays, ed. Muhammad Muhammad Husayn. Beirut: AI-Maktab ash-SharT Ii n-Nashr wa t-TawzTc, [Introduction 1388/1968]. Asm. AI-AsmaCiyyt: Ikhtiyar aI.AsmaC--AbT SaCTd CAbd al-Malik ibn Qurayb ibn CAbd al-Malik, ed. Ahmad Muhammad Sh5kir and cAbd as-Salm Hr5n, 2nd printing. Egypt: Dir aI-MaC'rif, 1964. Bayd. Nisir ad-Din AbD I-Khayr CAbd Allah ibn CUmar aI-BayodwT. Anwir at-TanzTI wa Asrir at-Ta'wi, 2 vols., 2nd printing. Egypt: Sharikat Maktabat wa MatbaCat Mustaf5 aI-BbT al-HalabT wa Awlduh6, 1388/1968. D. Al-Hudh. DTwin aI-HudhaiyyTn, 3 vols. in 1. Cairo: Ad-D~r al- Qawmiyyah Ii t-Tib5cah wa n-Nashr, 1385/1965; reprint of the Dir al-Kutub edition. D. aI-Khaw. D7w~n aI-Khawirij: ShiCruhum, Khutabuhum, Rasg'iluhum, ed. N~yif Mahm5d MaCrf. Beirut: D~r al- MasTrah, 1403/1983. Ham. Abi6 CAff Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hasan aI-Marzkqi, Sharh DTwin aI-Ham~sah, 4 vols., ed. Ahmad Arnin and CAbd as-Salem Hrin. Cairo: MatbaCat Lajnat at-Ta'Tf wa t-Tarjamah wa n-Nashr, 1371-73/i951-53. Hass. Sharh D7w~n Hass~n ibn Th~bit aI-Ans~rT, ed. CAbd ar-Rahmin aI-Barqkqi. Beirut: D~r al-Andalus, 1980. Hit. DTw5n ShiCr H.itim ibn CAbd A115h at-Ti7 wa Akhb~ruh5, prepared, according to the recension of Hish~m ibn Muham- mad al-Kalbi, by Yahy5 ibn Mudrik at-T5't, ed. CAdil Sulaymin Jam~l. Cairo: Matbacat al-Madani, [Introduction 1395/1975]. Ibn Muq. D~w~n Ibn Muqbil, ed. clzzah Hasan. Damascus: Wiz5rat ath-Thaq~fah wa I-Irsh~d aI-Qawmi, 1381/1962. MatbSc~t Mudiriyyat Ihya' at-Tur~th aI-Qacim, 5. Key to Authors and Works xix Imr. DTwin lmri' al-Qays, ed. Ab5 [-Fad[ lbrahim. Egypt: D~r al- MaCirif, [Introduction 1377/1958]. KaCb Sharh DTw~n KaCb ibn Zuhayr, according to the recension of Abi Sand al-Hasan ibn al-Husayn ibn cUbayd Allah as-SukkarT. Cairo: Ad-Dir al-Qawmiyyah Ii t-Tibicah wa n-Nashr, 1369/ 1950. Kash. Ab5 I-Q5sim Mahm5d ibn cUmar az-ZamakhsharT. AI-Kashsh5f can Haqi'iq at-Ta'wTIl wa CUyjn al-Aq5wTI, 4 vols. Cairo: Egypt: Mustaf5 al-B1bT al-HalabT, 1385/1966. Khan. Diwin al-Khansg'. Beirut: Dir S~dir/D~r Bayrit, 1383/1963. Khirn. DTwan Shicr al-Khirniq bint Badr bint Hifftn, ed. Hussain Nas- sar. Egypt: National Library Press [Matbacat Dir al-Kutub], -1969. Ministry of Culture, U.A.R.: Center for Editing and Publishing Arabic Manuscripts, Vol. 3. Krenk. The Poems of Tufail ibn cAuf al-Ghanaw7 and at-Tirimm5h ibn al-Haktm at-T 'y, ed. and tr. F. Krenkow. London: Luzac & Co., 1927. E. J. W. Gibb Memorial Series, Vol. XXV. Lab. Sharh DTwn LabTd ibn RabTCah al-cAmiit, ed. Ihs~n CAbbas. Kuwait, 1962. At-Tur~th al-cArabT, 8. Maj. Ab5 cUbaydah Macmar ibn aI-Muthann5 at-TayrT, Maj~z al- Qur'5n, 2 vols., ed. Muhammad Fuat Sezgin. Egypt: Muham- mad SrnT Amin Kh~njT, 1374-81/1954-62. Majm. Majm3Cah-yi TarasTr-i FarihT, tr. into Urdu from the Arabic by A in Ahsan IslihT. Lahore: Anjuman-i Khuddimu'lqur'an, 1393/1973. Mir Mustansir Mir. Coherence in the Qur' n: A Study of Ill5h's Concept of Nazm in Tadabbur-i Qur'in. Indianapolis, Indiana: American Trust Publications, 1986. Key to Authors and Works xx Muf. Ab5 i-Qisim al-Husayn ibn Muhammad, known as ar-Righib al- 1sfahnT. AI-Mufrad5t 6f Ghar'b al-Qur'.n, ed. Muhammad Sayyid Ki1nT. Egypt: Mustaf5 aI-BjbT al-Halabi, 1381/1961 reprint. Mufadd. The Mufaddarty5t: An Anthology of Ancient Arabian Odes, compiled by Al-Mufaddal son of Muhammad according to the recension and with the commentary of Abi3 Muhammad al- Qisim ibn Muhammad aI-AnbirT, ed. Charles James Lyall, Vol. 1 (Arabic Text). Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1921. Mugh. jam5l ad-Din ibn Hish~m al-Ans5ri. Mughn7 I-LabTb Can Kutub al-ACarTb, ed. M~zin al-Mubirak and Muhammad CAff Hamd Al- lih, 2 vols. in 1, 2nd printing. Egypt: D~r al-Fikr, 1969.
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