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A New Species of Lestrolepis from the Red Sea, with Redescription of Lestrolepis Pofi (Harry, 1953) (Aulopiformes: Parelepididae)

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A New Species of Lestrolepis from the Red Sea, with Redescription of Lestrolepis Pofi (Harry, 1953) (Aulopiformes: Parelepididae) Zootaxa 4619 (3): 571–579 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) https://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2019 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4619.3.10 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:6A12C76E-793A-46D1-BC09-564DB3CDA8FB A new species of Lestrolepis from the Red Sea, with redescription of Lestrolepis pofi (Harry, 1953) (Aulopiformes: Parelepididae) HSUAN-CHING HO1,2,3,5 & DANIEL GOLANI4 1National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan 2Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung, Taiwan 3Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France 4National Natural History Collections and Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel 5Corresponding author. E-mail. [email protected] Abstract A new species of the genus Lestrolepis is described based on 6 specimens collected from the Red Sea. The species differs from the congeners in having 31‒34 anal-fin rays, 63‒65 total lateral-line scales, 28‒30 prehaemal vertebrae and 79‒81 total vertebrae. Lestidium pofi Harry, previously recognized as a junior synonym of “Lestrolepis” luetkeni (Ege), is recognized as a valid species of Lestrolepis. A redescription of pofi is provided, based on specimens collected from off Hawaii, Japan, Madagascar and Australia. Key words: Pisces, taxonomy, new species, Paralepididae, Red Sea Introduction While working on the collection of MNHN, Paris, the first author identified two different forms recognized as “Les- trolepis luetkeni (Ege, 1933)” (type locality: Mozambique Channel), one from off Madagascar and one from the Red Sea. Although both possessed a light organ at the front margin of orbit and fewer than 35 anal-fin rays, meristics and other morphometric characters separated them. Lestidium pofi Harry, 1953 was recognized as a junior synonym of “Lestrolepis” luetkeni (Ege, 1933) by recent authors (e.g. Mundy, 2005), but was previously considered valid in the Red Sea (Dor, 1970). Further investigation of the nomenclature discovered that Rofen (1966, previously R. R. Harry) never provided sufficient evidence justify- ing synonymizing pofi with luetkeni (in Lestrolepis), and he expressed some doubts. Examination on the holotype of Paralepis luetkeni has revealed that it does not possess the diagnostic light organ at the anterior margin of orbit, so was clearly a different genus to Lestrolepis. Moreover, it was distinct to Lestrolepis pofi. Paralepis luetkeni Ege, 1933 is tentatively placed in the genus Lestidiops, which needs further investigation. The Madagascar specimens agree well with the type, and with additional specimens of Lestrolepis pofi exam- ined by the authors, the species is accordingly recognized as valid. The Red Sea population may have been listed as Lestrolepis pofi by Dor (1970), but we could not locate his voucher (DG, pers. obser.). Based on six specimens found in the collections, we recognized the Red Sea population as a new species and a formal description and name are provided. The members of Lestrolepis (i.e. those paralepidids with a light organ at the anterior margin of orbit) are L. intermedia (Sudis vanderbilti Fowler a junior synonym) from the Atlantic Ocean, L. japonica (Paralepis philippinus Fowler a junior synonym), L. pofi from the Indo-Pacific Ocean, and the new species from the Red Sea described herein. A fifth species from the northwestern Pacific in being described in a separated paper by HCH. Accepted by W. Holleman: 8 May 2019; published: 20 Jun. 2019 571 Methods and materials Measurements followed Harry (1951). Standard length (SL) is used throughout. Head depth is the vertical depth through the middle of eye. Lower jaw is measured from anterior tip to the posterior end of articular bone (below middle of eye). Lateral-line scales are presented as several counts: prepelvic, predorsal, preanal, and total. Vertebral counts are likewise presented in several counts: prehaemal, caudal, prepelvic, predorsal, preanal, and total. The pre- pelvic, predorsal, preanal vertebral counts usually corresponding with those of the lateral-line scales in paralepidids and, as such, are useful indications of the relative position of origins of the fins, especially when the specimens are twisted and cannot be measured accurately. Abbreviations: V‒D = space between pelvic- and dorsal- fin origins; V‒A = space between pelvic- and anal- fin origins. Taxonomy Family Paralepididae Lestrolepis pofi (Harry, 1953) Fig. 1A‒D; Tables 1‒2 Lestidium pofi Harry, 1953:189, figs. 6, 12 (Christmas Island, Line Islands, near surface). Lestrolepis luetkeni (not of Ege): Paxton & Niem, 1999:1949 (listed, western central Pacific); Fukui & Ozawa, 2004:293; Mundy, 2005:206 (listed, Hawaii); Nakabo, 2002:371; Nakabo & Kai, 2013:443 (key, Japan); Hata et al., 2018:278, fig. 1 (description, Japan). Lestrolepis pofi: Rofen, 1960:201 (new data; Key); Rofen, 1966:305 (Key, possible synonym of Lestrolepis luetkeni, with a question mark). Lestidium nudum (not of Gilbert): ?Matsubara, 1941:9 (Suruga Bay, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan). Materials examined. Holotype. USNM 163316 (130.3), Kiritimati (Christmas Island), Line Islands, Pacific Ocean, no other data. Non-type. AMS I.41972-018 (1 specimen, 87.0 mm SL), AMS I.42066-001 (1, 155), AMS I.42069-003 (1, 108), AMS I.42202-009 (1, 116), AMS I.42209-002 (2, 108‒119), AMS I.42215-007 (1, 183), AMS I.42435-003 (4, 165‒183), AMS I.43014-002 (1, 164), all from off Queensland, Coral Sea, northeastern Australia. BPBM 23525 (2, 142‒144), R/V Townsend Cromwell, cruise 19, Oahu, near Barbers Point, 25 Sep. 1965. BPBM 25185 (1, 137), R/V "Charles H. Gilbert" cruise 45, Oahu, anchorage 700 yards off Brown's Camp, 9 Aug. 1959. BPBM 25299 (5, 95‒112), R/V "Charles H. Gilbert", cruise 98, Kiritimati Atoll, 21 Feb. 1967. KAUM-I. 101109 (1, 196), Japan, Yoron Island, 27°02’57”N, 128°24’19”E, light fishing, near the surface, 28 Jun. 2017. MNHN 1988-1372 (1, 160), 12°40’1.2”S, 48°9’3.6”E, Madagascar, Western Indian Ocean, 595‒605 m, 13 Sep. 1973. MNHN 1988-1373 (1, 160), 12°40’1.2”S, 48°9’3.6”E, Madagascar, Western Indian Ocean, 595‒605 m, 13 Sep. 1973. MNHN 1998-0883 (1, 193), 17°16’58.8”S, 48°10’58.8”E, Madagascar, Western Indian Ocean, 540 m, 25 Sep. 1973. NMV A 26578- 010 (1, 178), 16°59’49”S, 163°30’ °16”E, Coral Sea, north New Caledonia, 79 m, 13 Aug. 2011. NMV A 26695-004 (1, 177), NMV A 26695-012 (1, 172), A 26695-015 (1, 134), 16°59’41”S, 163°27’21”E, Coral Sea, north of New Caledonia, 0‒114 m, 8 Dec. 2011. NMV A 26731-012 (1, 173), 19°18’22”S, 166°41’59”E, Coral Sea, north of New Caledonia, 0‒95 m, 10 Dec. 2011. NMV A 30946-002 (1, 152), 18°02’45”S, 162°43’53”E, Coral Sea, north of New Caledonia, 0‒95 m, 7 Dec. 2011. Tentatively identified. MNHN 1998-0882 (2, 133‒182), 15°16’58.8”S, 46°13’1.2”E, Madagascar, Western Indian Ocean, 350‒450 m, 22 Jun. 1973. Diagnosis. Two light organs along orbital margin, one at mid-anterior edge and one at lower margin; dorsal-fin rays 9; anal-fin rays 32‒35; prehaemal vertebrae 32‒36; total vertebrae 87‒91; total lateral line scales 69‒77; dorsal- fin origin well before mid-space of V‒A; broad black margin on abdominal ridge. Description. Dorsal-fin rays 9; pectoral-fin rays 12‒13 (usually 12); pelvic-fin rays 9; anal-fin rays 32‒35 (33). Vertebrae: prepelvic 32‒35 (34), prehaemal 32‒36 (34); caudal 52‒56 (55); predorsal 40‒43 (41); preanal 51‒55 (54); and total vertebrae 87‒91 (89). Gill rakers: upper limb 10, lower limb 28–35 (15‒17 on ceratobranchial + 13‒18 on hypobranchial). Lateral-line scales: prepelvic 33‒34; predorsal 40‒41; preanal 53‒56; total 69‒77 (63‒69 large scales + 4‒8 small scales at posterior portion). 572 · Zootaxa 4619 (3) © 2019 Magnolia Press HO & GOLANI FIGURE 1. Lestrolepis pofi (Harry, 1953). A. Original drawing of holotype, from Harry, 1953: fig.6. B. MNHN 1977-1737, arrows indicate two light organs. C‒D. freshly caught specimen, KAUM-I.101199, Yoron Island, Japan, photo by H. Hata. Body slender, elongate, compressed, depth at pectoral-fin base 14.1‒15.4 times in SL. Caudal peduncle longer than eye diameter, depth 2.1‒2.2% SL. Abdomen with well-developed fleshy ridge and a weakly developed ventral adipose fin between pectoral and pelvic fins; a well-developed ventral adipose fin between anus and anal-fin ori- gin. Head short, its height same as the rest of body, pointed anteriorly, its length 4.4‒5.0 times in SL. Snout mod- erately long, 1.9‒2.0 in HL. Mouth terminal, moderately large; mouth gape extends to slightly beyond a vertical through anterior margin of eye; lower jaw slightly upturned at tip, with a small non-ossified tissue at tip. Eye moderately large, diameter 5.1‒5.9 in HL. Snout short and bluntly pointed. Interorbital space moderately broad and slightly concave; two short ridges on each side, inner ridge extending posteriorly to dorsal surface of skull. Tip of maxilla about third of eye diameter before anterior margin of eye. Nostrils about half eye diameter be- fore tip of maxilla, slightly less than one eye diameter before anterior margin of eye, and on about posterior quarter of snout. Five gill arches, gill filaments present on first to fourth arches and absent on fifth; fourth gill arch connected to third anteriorly by membrane. Pseudobranch present, in deep pocket lateral to gill arches.
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