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Western Front 1917-18 Western Front 1917-18 - ;' ABOUT THE AUTHOR AND ILLUSTRATORS A resident of Leesburg, Virginia, JON GUTTMAN is currently research editor for Weider History Publications. Specialising in World War I aviation, he has written eleven titles in the past including the popular Balloon-Busting Aces ofWorld War I in Osprey's Ai rcraft of the Aces series. Berkshire-based HARRY DEMPSEY is a talented profile artis1 fighter aircraft of World War I. He has illustrated all of Ospre~ ofthe Aces titles to date. Harry completed the three-views fl ALBATROS DV Born in Leicestershire in 1964, MARK POSTLETHWAITE devel passion for aviation history, and first worked as a photograF Western Front 1917-18 his attention solely to artwork. He is greatly distinguished it quality and accuracy of his work, and became the youngest ofthe Guild of Aviation Artists in 1991. He is a valued Ospre~ contributed to more than 80 of its books. Mark completed t~ artwork for this volume. JIM LAURIER is a native of New England and lives in New Ha He attended Paier School of Art in Hamden, Connecticut, frot and since he graduated with honours, he has been working the field of Fine Art and Illustration. He has been commissio, US Air Force and has aviation paintings on permanent display at the Pentagon. Jim completed the cockpit views and the cover artwork for this volume. JON GUTTMAN First published in Great Britain in 2009 by Osprey Publishing, Editor's Note Midland House, West Way, Barley, Oxford OX2 OPH, UK For ease ofcomparison bcrween rypes, imperial - 443 Park Avenue Sourh, New York, NY 10016, USA mcasurcments are uscd almost exclusively throughout this E-mail: [email protected] book. The cxccption is wcapon calibres, which are given in © 2009 Osprey Publishing Ltd their official designarion, whether metric or impcrial. The following dara will help in converting the imperial All rights reservcd. Apart From any Fair dealing For the purpose of private study, research, measurements to metric: criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form I mile = 1_6km or by any means, electronic, electrical, chemical, mcchanical, optical, photocopying, recording lib = 0.45kg or otherwise, withour the prior written permission of the copyright owner. Enquiries should I yard = 0_9m be addressed to the Publishers. 1Ft =0_3m A CIP catalogue record For this book is availablc from thc British Library I in. = 2.54cm/25.4mm I gal = 4_5 litres ISBN: 978 I 84603 471 8 I ton (US) =0_9 ronnes PDF e-book ISBN: 978 I 84908 1184 Ihp = 0.74kW Edited by lony Holmes Cover artwork, cockpit and armamcnt scrap views by Jim Laurier Thrce-views by Harry Dempscy ONTENTS Battlcscene by Mark Postlethwaite Page layour by Ken Vail Graphic Design, Cambridge, UK Index by Alison Worthington Typeset in ITC Conduit and Adobc Garamond Introduction Maps by BounFord.com 4 Originated by PDQ Digital Media Solutions, Suffolk, UK Printed in China through Bookbuilders Chronology 8 091011121310987654321 Design and Development 10 Acknowledgements Thanks to Alex Imrie, Alex Revell and Greg Technical Specifications 25 FOR A CATALOGUE OF ALL BOOKS PUBLISHED BY OSPREY Van Wyngarden, as well as the !are \Xlalter C. Daniel, MILITARY AND AV1ATION PLEASE CONTACT: Gwilym H. Lewis, Robert Leslie Chidlaw-Roberts and Hans-Georg von der Osten For their assistancc in The Strategic Situation 37 Osprey Direct, cia Random House Distribution Cenrer, 400 Hahn Road, Westminster, M021 157 preparing this volume. Email: [email protected] The Combatants Cover Art 43 Osprey Direct, The Book Service Ltd, Distribution Centre, The third SE 5a-equipped unit, No_ 84 Sqn, had been Colchester Road, Fraring Green, Colchester, Essex, C07 7DW in action for JUSt two weeks when, on 31 Octobcr 1917, Combat 54 E-mail: [email protected] Capt Kennerh M_ St C. G_ Leask in Vickers-built B579 wwwoosprcypublishing.col11 and five aeroplanes From his A Flight atracked four Statistics and Analysis 70 German aircraFt, only to be jumped by 12 more. In rhe ensuing melee Leask and 2Lt John Steele Ralston, in Aftermath B4853, were credired with scnding down Alban·os 0 Vs 76 out ofconrrol over Mcnin at 1540 Ins. This was Leask's German ranks French ranks USAS ranks RFC/RAF ranks rhird vicrory of an cvenrual eighr and Ralston's sccond of Further Reading 78 Rittmeister [Rittm] Cavalry Captain Cavalry Captain Cavalry Captain twelve. Howcver, 2Lrs Edward W. Powell and Georgc R. Hauptmann [Hptm] Capitaine Captain Army Captain Gray Failed ro rcturn. Powell may have been killed by Index 80 Oberleutnant [Obit) Lieutenant First Lieutenant Lieutenant Lrn Heinrich Bongarrz ofJastfl36, who claimed an SE 5a sourh of Roulers ar 1610 Ins (German time). This was his Leutnant (Ltn) Sous-Lieutenant Second Lieutenant Second Lieutenant third vierary of the day, and his 20th in an overall tally of Offizierstellvertreter [OffzSt] Adjutant Warrant Officer Warrant Officer 33_ Gray had dived on Albatros 0 Vs ofjasta 'Boelcke', - Feldwebel Sergent-Chef Master Sergeant Master Sergeant whosc commander, Lrn d R Erwin Bohme, climbed to conFronr him, then eluded four or five attacks by Gray. Vizefeldwebel [Vzfw] Mareeha I-des-Logis Sergeant 1st Class Sergeant 1st Class - 'At rhe same rime he gradually began ro lose height', Sergeant Sergeant Sergent Sergeant Bohme nored, 'and ar an opportunc moment I turncd Unteroffizier [Uffz] Caporal Corporal Corporal the tables on him'. The Germans recovered SE 5a B544 ~ roughly inract, but Gray died of his wounds, having been Gefreiter [Gfrl Brigadier Private 1st Class Private 1st Ctass rhe 21sr of24 vicrories for Bohme prior ra his own fiery Flieger [Flgr] Soldat Private Private demise on 29 November 1917. (Artwork by Jim Laurier) INTRODUCTION Amid the ongoing quest for aerial superiority during World War 1, the late spring of 1917 saw two competing attempts to refine proven designs. The Royal Aircraft Factory SE 5a incorporated improvements to the original SE 5 airframe, along with an extra 50hp, to produce a fast and reliable 'ace-maker' that proved to be a formidable adversary for German fighter pilots right through to the end ofthe war. The Albatros By the late summer of 1917, SE 5as from Nos 56 and 60 Sqn were starting to show SE 5 MB50 shows the custom D V, a sleeker-looking development of the deadly D III of 'Bloody April' notoriety, the fighter's potential over the Western Front, and more units were either forming or touches applied by Capt Albert was a more disappointing design, for it suffered a rash of lower wing failures once in in the process of being re-equipped with the scout, powered either by French- or Ball, No. 56 Sqn's A Flight commander prior to the unit service at the front. British-made variants of the geared 200hp Hispano Suiza 8B engine or the direct­ heading to France in April The SE 5 that entered combat during April 1917 was a curious mix ofconservatism drive 200hp Wolsleley W4A Viper. These joined Sopwith Pups and Camels, AlRCO 1917. Many of these and misguided attempts at innovation. Structurally, its airframe was little different DH 5s, Nieuport sesquiplanes and Bristol F 2B two-seat fighters on a succession of modifications were from the prewar Bleriot Experimental BE 2, though its overalilayour certainly made offensive patrols (OPs) into German territory. subsequently incorporated into production SE 5s to the a difference in combat. The SE 5 was the first British single-seat fighter to mount two Restricted only by weather, these flights seemed to lack any purpose other than to type's betterment. Ball went machine guns, although the Sopwith Camel was the first to mount twin weapons. lay claim to the sky they currently occupied. This policy, promulgated by the Royal on to be the first of about a Hedging its bets, the Royal Aircraft Factory combined a synchronised Vickers machine Flying Corps (RFC) high command under Maj Gen Hugh Montague Trenchard, was hundred pilots to 'make ace' gun in the fuselage with a Lewis firing over the propeller arc by means of a Foster intended to maintain high morale among the British while downgrading it among flying the SE 5/5a during the course of World War I. (Alex mount on the upper wing - a versatile arrangement, perhaps, but one that found little the Germans. Such an attitude was apt for the general Allied trend of 1917, marked Revell] favour in the frontline. And although the pilot had an adjustable armoured seat and by a series ofoffensives on the Western Front that sought to achieve the breakthrough a semi-enclosed cockpit, these refinements only added weight and drag at the expense that would win the war. ofperformance. In direct contrast, Germany's stance on the Western Front throughout 1917 was Fortunately for the RFC, one of the new fighter's recipients, Capt Albert Ball, did primarily defensive, thus containing, or at least limiting, Allied gains there, while focusing more than complain about its shortcomings. An inveterate tinkerer, he set about its offensive effort towards knocking the eastern threats posed by Rumania and Russia out changing what he thought was wrong with the scout, and many ofhis custom touches ofthe conflict. The German Jagdstafflen, or fighter squadrons, acted well in line with that were incorporated in improved versions ofthe SE 5 just as No 56 Sqn was blooding the strategy, employing tactics that sought to challenge Allied intrusions on their terms with fighter in France. Further improvements based on field experience, combined with an a minimal expenditure in fuel, materiel and trained personnel - resources that were all 4 additional 50hp, subsequently turned the reasonably good SE 5 into the superb SE 5a.
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